library(fpp)

library(fpp2)

# Slide 8

plot(jitter(Carbon) ~ jitter(City),xlab="City (mpg)",

ylab="Carbon footprint (tons per year)",data=fuel)

fit <- lm(Carbon ~ City, data=fuel)

abline(fit)

#Slide 9

fit

summary(fit)

#Slide 11

res <- residuals(fit)

plot(jitter(res)~jitter(City), ylab="Residuals", xlab="City", data=fuel)

abline(0,0)

#Slide 15

fitted(fit)[1]

fcast <- forecast(fit, newdata=data.frame(City=30))

plot(fcast, xlab="City (mpg)", ylab="Carbon footprint (tons per year)")

# Slide 16

summary(fit)

# Slide 17

confint(fit,level=0.95)

# Slide 19

par(mfrow=c(1,2))

fit2 <- lm(log(Carbon) ~ log(City), data=fuel)

plot(jitter(Carbon) ~ jitter(City), xlab="City (mpg)",

ylab="Carbon footprint (tonnes per year)", data=fuel)

lines(1:50, exp(fit2$coef[1]+fit2$coef[2]*log(1:50)))

plot(log(jitter(Carbon)) ~ log(jitter(City)),

xlab="log City mpg", ylab="log carbon footprint", data=fuel)

abline(fit2)

# Slide 20

res <- residuals(fit2)

plot(jitter(res, amount=0.005) ~ jitter(log(City)),

ylab="Residuals", xlab="log(City)", data=fuel)

#Slide 22

education <- c(10,15,20,25,30,35,40) # x values

income <- c(10^3,15^3,20^3,25^3,30^3,35^3,40^3) #y values

plot(education, income)

fit5<-lm(income ~ education) ## lm is used for linear regression

abline(fit5)

summary(fit5)

res5 <- residuals(fit5)

plot(res5 ~ education)

fit6 <- lm(log(income) ~ log(education))

plot(education,income)

lines(1:50, exp(fit6$coef[1]+fit6$coef[2]*log(1:50)))

plot(log(education),log(income))

abline(fit6)

res6 <- residuals(fit6)

plot(res6 ~ log(education))

# Slide 23

education <- c(12,9,18,10,18,12,18,17,14,8) # x values

income <- c(21000,18000,125000,50000,105000,35000,148000,109000,37000,33000) #y values

plot(education, income)

fit3<-lm(income ~ education) ## lm is used for linear regression

abline(fit3)

summary(fit3)

res3 <- residuals(fit3)

plot(res3 ~ education)

fit4 <- lm(log(income) ~ log(education))

plot(education,income)

lines(1:50, exp(fit4$coef[1]+fit4$coef[2]*log(1:50)))

plot(log(education),log(income))

abline(fit4)

res4 <- residuals(fit4)

plot(res4 ~ log(education))

# SLIDE 24

autoplot(uschange[,c("Consumption","Income")]) +

ylab("% change") + xlab("Year")

# SLIDE 25

uschange %>%

as.data.frame() %>%

ggplot(aes(x=Income, y=Consumption)) +

ylab("Consumption (quarterly % change)") +

xlab("Income (quarterly % change)") +

geom_point() +

geom_smooth(method="lm", se=FALSE)

# SLIDE 26

tslm(Consumption ~ Income, data=uschange)

summary

#>

#> Call:

#> tslm(formula = Consumption ~ Income, data = uschange)

#>

#> Coefficients:

#> (Intercept) Income

#> 0.545 0.281