Serviee Water Heating 50.27 Jable 15 Needed Tanhless Water Heater Output Heat Rates, Btu How Rate Temperate se om Pe =F a a ca rr wr wie T26t 3 na x8 3M) 0 as 2x 600 aon 860 x00 ans 28200 Mo S40 100 asm 20 srs S908 400 Is 10) rom y7s00 ‘si séno ss 35.000 20 tons 2200 suo sain 1500 T% ton.s00 35 a 31300 smn éo.xn ous00 or) san yo SO 37300 25.000 S310 naan 6324 1200 Heo 2m seao0 fy isan 1358 1760) Au 000 Sonn ons asso isin 152 20.09 45 sa 13.00 irs 1.100) Tate so 0 sao naan Iu 189.000 isn hi Ma +3000 isto W420 800 mais Sh 3880 ss2m sia ris.040 Stan rhase a ) toon 2 2210 en inst jo as ns 26800 ssn 3sn00 39392 Jam wo sna 124.00 asuom pra 32.000 iN Soin Sica es Ta oe STON pas TRS RT ap Tn wT ap ATTEN requirement, The needed temporane ase in a cold climate where the entering coklwater temperature may be 33°F would thas be HOF 35°F 75°F: in a warm climate wheie the entering cold water temperature may be 85°F, the temperature nie would be TOPE | 88°F 25°T. For comparison. che temperate tive speci Fie in the U.S, federal water heater testing and satiny procedure is I3S°F S8°F 77°F. For reference, typeal Mow rate ranges areas follows Band-washing sinks 12 00 L0 germ Shower: 0.8 t0 2.5 gpm Bantu fil ates: 1.010 60 gpm Dishwasher fill mes: L0t0 3.0 ym + Cshesashing machine fil ates: 10496. gpm ‘+ Residential whole-house recurring peak rate’ aon 3.010 AWgpm + Residential whole-house severe sa flow rates: 6.010 810 gpm ‘Asean be seen from Table 18. whole-house aikless water heal- cers need to beable to provide heaingrates on the order of 75.000 to 130,000 Bruin all bat the warmest climates. Note. however, that, in single-family residential applications. user have the opportunity to learn what works and what does rot. and are likely to adjust theie hhorwater use habis soneot to obtain adequately hot water from stem is used. They could do this for ese Ample. by avoiing hot-water use fiom multiple fixtures simultane- ously and teducing demanded flo rates, ‘An important issue inthe sizing of tankless water heaters is thus ‘vtat peak fotwater energy rate lead to design or. It is generaliy veeplable to design the water-heaing systers (© meet a peak ot ‘vate Toad Gin terms oF energy rae aceded. nt just water ove rate hnoeded) tht isnot exceeded by 97.54 oFall draws, The oificulty in Sizing whole-house tankless wate heaters comes in predicting how Gas will coincide fo create the peak energy demand rate. Tis ‘ean ate mast be estimated by the per Satistically valid amount of data on peak sesidenia water energy Now rates with which to make recommendations. Sizing recom nondations ane casit with storey pe water heatersbecause thei Siam is done more fxs on integrated toil energy raquitements “at isnot highly dependent on no edge a peak fw aes An ise related to proper sing of tankless water heaters is the is! piping and electrical service needed. Beesuse gasfited cay higher el burn ates inet tankless water haters must ve than typical tank-types, larger sa piping may be requied, The s is tue for electri tankless water eaters, where 4 whole-howse unit ay requine larger wiring aul offen addtional (multiple) eireut beakers. Consequently, hinge tankless water beaters. both gas and cletric, ean is some cases require a service entrance uperade, Nota~ bly. diversified electrical demand for large numbers of electric tanks Jess water heaters stot much different (generally ate lower han tank types. boeause of the lower numberof tankless water that are on at ay point in tine compared to tank types. However. as humor af user on at electrical Tine decreases, demand diversity tigeoases, sich ean result in inereased electrical demand coms pared to tank types asthe number of uyers on the fine decreases 10 Fal lew. The number tha Tew" represents varies with Sze ofthe tankless us The methods for sizing storage water heating equipment should snot by use for instantancous ard Semi-instantaneous heater. The following is based on the Hater (1941) method for sizing lat and ‘cold-water piping, with diversity actors applied for hot water and ‘varius building types. Fivture units (Table 16) are assigned to each fisture using hot water and totalled, Maximum hotewater demand is obtained rom Figures 27 oF 28 by matching ttl liture units to the curve forthe type of building, Special consideration should be given to applica tions involving periodic use of shower banks, process equipment laundry machines, ce. as may occur in field houses. gymnasiums. factories. hospitals. and ther facilities. Because these applications ‘ould have all equipmest om atthe sans ime. total hot-water capac: ly should be determined and added 10 the mavimamn hotter ‘demand from the moulified Hunter eurves. Ofen. the temperature fof hot water arriving at Btures is higher han isneeded. an hot and old water are mised together atthe fitaze to provide the desired temperature Equation (17, devived froma simple energy balance on mising hho and col water, shows the ratio of hot-water lew to desited end tse flow For any piven hot, cold, and mixed end-use temperature Hot weater flow rte = (Misod-temperature flow TOT Toa50.28 2015 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications ‘Table 16 | Hot-Water Demand in Fixture Units (140°F Water) otek and Industrial Office Apartments Club Gymnasium Hospital Dormitories Plant Building __School_ YMCA. Basin, private lavatory Cr Cr Basin, public lavatory ' t 1 1 t : t 1 Bath 1s 1s = Ls Is = Dishwasher® 13 Five fixture units per 250 seating capacity “Therapeutic bah = S = — ‘itch sine os 1s = 3 Ls 3 os 3 Pantry snk SS 25 = 2s 25 23 as Serie sink 1s 23 = 23 2s 23 25 a5 23 Shower 15 13 Ls is 15 35 = 1 is Circuit wash fountain 25 23 25 = 4 = 25 25 Semiiealr wash fountain 1 15 13 = 3 = is 13 ‘ose: Dan predate odes low fw iu oe pee Se Wc eaing Teminolgy eso fain of aw ix renga enna SRE BERT enc, nagenesonce, SES erg ras nrg econ acer ones Sete coe SES BRTEAY Eth wom sco SES SNREESS EN an no warsoons Fig 27. Modified ur Care for Caating ¥ig28_ large Seton of igor 27 oe Water Fw Rate said Hester Cure) (om pete nde ie ed apne) (oma fate eden oe pins) Oxceteatultotwserfowneislamwntheexercanihon Table 17_ Pinay Hot Water Demand Exit ve eee rte demand ua tal enpere neue For critical applications such as hospitals, multiple heaters with Type of Building Fixture Units Mnttecnctpnpucisonmecet Conidetmalpleteaen Hnpinarnanegiaae 250 rb fouls nehchconinuty ose simp Taesn= Hae e-mol opm trom teommeded ifr sen sanctus feats 10 gm, Ofte bang 23. pea Shep frresturng brvich is gpm Wh ynem awit Emel Oop bat not easily determined, the heater may be sized for full flow of the Junior and senior high school (0.30 per smdent*, piping system at 2 maximum speed of 600 fpm. Heaters with low Apartment house 3.00 per apartment flows must be sized carefully, and care should be taken in the esti- ‘mation of diversity factors, Unusual hot-water eequirements should be analyzed to determine whether additional capacity is require. ‘One example isa dormitory in military school, where all showers ‘and lavatories are used simultaneously when students return from a “rin this case, the heater and piping should be size for full sys- tem flow. ‘Whereas the fixture count method bases heater sizeof the diver sified system on hot-water flow, hot-water piping should be sized for fll low to the fixtures. Recirculating hot-water systems are adaptable to instantaneous heaters. “To make preliminary estimates of hot-water demand when the fixture count isnot known, use Table 17 with Figure 27 or Figure 28, The result i usually higher than the demand determined from the actual fixture coun, Actual heater size should be determined from ‘Table 16. Hot-water consumption overtime ean be assumed to be hs showerledGafiaewiy the same as that in the section on Hot-Water Requirements and Stor age Equipment Sizing. Example 10, A 600-student elementary schoo! es the follwing ize ‘count 60 publi lavatories, 6 service sinks, 4Ktchen inks, 6 showers, snd dishwasher at 8 gpm: Detenine th hot-water No rate for sin 2‘ semi-instanancous hese bred on the following: { Eximated number of xe units 1, Actua fixture count Solution: {2 Use Table (7 find he estimated inure count 600 students 0.3 fi ture units per stent = 180 fxtue unis. AS showers reno inch, “able 16 shows [5 fixe units per shower x6 showers = 9 adn fixture units The baie low i determined fom carve D of igure 28 ‘which shows thatthe tual Mow fr 189 fixture unis is 23 gpm.