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p (1 − p ) p (1 − p )
UCL pi = p+3 LCL p i = p − 3
ni ni
p chart for
CL p = p
proportions of If the Sample size is constant (n)
units in a category
p (1 − p ) p (1 − p )
UCL p = p + 3 LCL p = p − 3
n n
np chart for
number / rate of CLnp = np UCLnp = np + 3 np(1 − p) LCLnp = np − 3 np(1 − p)
units in a category
c chart for
number of CL c = c UCLc = c + 3 c
incidences in one
LCLc = c − 3 c
or more
categories
Samples not necessarily of constant size
u u
UCLu = u + 3 LCLu = u − 3
CLu = u ni ni
u chart for using average sample size
number of
incidences per u u
UCL u = u + 3 UCL u = u − 3
unit in one or n n
more categories
If the sample size is constant (n)
u u
UCL u = u + 3 UCL u = u − 3
n n