PTE 460

by Elie Abi Aad

Homework 1

Problem 1
Consider a natural gas with the following composition:
Component Mole Fraction
N2 0.0224
CO2 0.031
H2S 0.07
CH4 0.7585
C2H6 0.083
C3H8 0.028
i-C4H10 0.003
n-C4H10 0.003
i-C5H12 0.0002
n-C5H12 0.0002
C6H14 0.0001
C7+ 0.0006

Reservoir temperature is 290oF and reservoir pressure is 5,500 psia.

For the given composition above, determine the following properties in every possible
way:
a) Molecular weight
b) Specific gravity
c) Pseudo-critical pressure and temperature
d) Z-factor
e) Formation volume factor
f) Viscosity
g) Density
h) Compressibility
Gas viscosity (Lee et al. (1966) correlation):
𝑌𝑌 �
µg = 10−4 𝑘𝑘 𝑒𝑒 � 𝑥𝑥 𝜌𝜌
(cp)

𝑃𝑃(𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝) 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙

� �
−3
𝜌𝜌 � g � = (1.4935)(10 ) 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

cc 𝑍𝑍 𝑇𝑇(𝑅𝑅)

( 9.375 + 0.01607 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 ) 𝑇𝑇 1.5

𝐾𝐾 =
( 209.2 + 19.26 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 + 𝑇𝑇 )

986.4
𝑥𝑥 = 3.448 + + 0.01009 MW
𝑇𝑇

Y = 2.447 − 0.2224 𝑥𝑥

Standing (1981) Low MW Wet (Condensate):

Ppc = 706 − 51.7γg − 11.1γg 2

Tpc = 187 + 330 γg − 71.5 γg 2

Standing (1981) Low MW Dry (miscellaneous):

Ppc = 677 + 15γg − 37.5 γg 2

Tpc = 168 + 325 γg − 12.5 γg 2

Ahmed (1989):

T’pc = 326 + 315.7 ( 𝛾𝛾𝑔𝑔 − 0.5 ) − 240 YN2 − 83.3 YCO2 + 133.3 YH2S

P’pc = 678 − 50 ( 𝛾𝛾𝑔𝑔 − 0.5 ) – 206.7 YN2 + 440 YCO2 + 606.7 YH2S
°C = ( °F – 32 ) × 5/9
°F = °C × 9/5 + 32
°R = °F + 459.67
1 foot = 12 inches
1 meter = 3.28 ft
1 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 3 = 7.48 gallons
1 acre = 43,560 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 2
1 bbl = 42 gallons
𝜌𝜌 ℎ
Pressure (psi): P = 144
Pressure (psi): P = 0.052 x Height (ft) x Mud Weight (ppg)
𝑃𝑃
Pseudo-reduced Pressure: 𝑃𝑃𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑝𝑝
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝑃𝑃
Pseudo-reduced Temperature: 𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

Area × Height × Porosity × Saturation

Volume in place =
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹

Air composition:

Volume Ratio compared to Dry

Components in Dry Air Molecular Mass (g/mol)
Air

Oxygen 0.2095 32

Nitrogen 0.7809 28.02

Carbon Dioxide 0.0003 44.01

Hydrogen 0.0000005 2.02

Argon 0.00933 39.94

Neon 0.000018 20.18

Helium 0.000005 4

Krypton 0.000001 83.8

Xenon 9E-08 131.29