UNIT II

hazard assessment

Evaluating and ranking potential hazards by their

estimated frequency and intensity, and determining a
margin of safety. Risk analysis is based on hazard
assessment.
CONSISTS OF

When and where hazard processes have occurred

The severity of the physical effects of past hazardous
process

The frequency of occurrence of hazardous processes

Making all this information available in a useful form
to planners & public officials responsible for making
decisions in event of a disaster
Risk assessment

methodology to determine the nature and extent
of risk by analyzing potential hazards and evaluating
existing conditions of vulnerability that could pose
a potential threat or harm to people, property,
livelihoods and the environment on which they
depend.

The process of conducting a risk assessment is

based on a review of both the technical features of
hazards such as their location, intensity, frequency
and probability; and also the analysis of the physical,
social, economic and environmental dimensions of
vulnerability and exposure, while taking particular
account of the coping capabilities pertinent to the
risk scenarios.

A risk assessment is simply a careful
examination of what, in your work, could
cause harm to people, so that you can
weigh up whether you have taken enough
precautions or should do more to
prevent harm
Risk assessment includes

Hazard assessment

Location of buildings, highways and other
infrastructure in the areas subject to hazards

The vulnerability of the community

Risk assessment aid decision makers and
scientist to compare and evaluate potential
hazards, set priorities on what kinds of
mitigation are possible, and set priorities on
where to focus

Risk & vulnerability can sometimes be
reduced if there is an adequate means of
prediction, forecasting and early warning
Stages of disaster risk assessment

Hazard identification: to identify the

nature,location,intensity and likelihood of a
threat

Vulnerability analysis: to determine existence
and degree of vulnerabilities and exposure to
a threat.

Capacity analysis: to identify the capacities and
resources available to reduce level of risk, or
the effects of a disaster.

Risk analysis: to determine the levels of risk

Risk evaluation: to make decisions about
which risks need counter measurers and
priorities
Non-governmental
Non-
organization

A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a legally
constituted, non-governmental organization created by
natural or legal persons with no participation or
representation of any government. In the cases in which
NGOs are funded totally or partially by governments,
the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by
excluding government representatives from
membership in the organization

On many occasions, local people and
organizations are the main actors in
disaster risk reduction and disaster
response. When a disaster strikes,
immediate response
(i.e., search and rescue and care for those
injured, traumatized and homeless)

often carried out by family members,
friends and neighbors and grassroots
organizations.
NGOs’ involvement in DRR
activities

NGOs can operate at grassroots level
with communities and local organizations
as partners, and take a participatory
approach to development planning

NGOs enjoy higher operational flexibility
as they are relatively free from
bureaucratic structures and systems

NGOs often work with and on behalf of
most needy groups: the Poorest and the
most vulnerable.

The High Powered Committee (HPC) on Disaster
Management carried out a nation-wide consultation process
with over 600 NGOs to address the lack of a well-
coordinated network between the government systems and
the NGO sector and also among the NGOs themselves
The role of NGOs in the pre-disaster phase should include :

awareness generation,

education ,training,

formation of village level Task Force, Disaster Management
Committees and Teams, development of Disaster
Management Plans,

vulnerability assessment and coordination with Government
and non government agencies

The NGOs can play a key role in the immediate
aftermath of disasters by extending assistance in
rescue and first aid, sanitation and hygiene, damage
assessment and assistance to external agencies
bringing relief materials

During the post disaster phase:

The NGOs can take a lead by providing technical and

material support for safe construction, revival of
educational institutions and restoration of means of
livelihood and assist the government in monitoring
the pace of implementation for various
reconstruction and recovery programmes.
NGO’S INVOLVEMENT

Policy and advocacy

Knowledge and education

Community-based risk and vulnerability
assessment

Community-based mitigation and
preparedness
Types of NGOs
NGO type by orientation

Charitable orientation;

Service orientation;

Participatory orientation;

Empowering orientation;

NGO type by level of co-operation

Community- Based Organization;

City Wide Organization;

National NGOs;

International NGOs;
LIST OF NGO’S

BINGO, business-friendly international NGO or big
international NGO;

CSO: civil society organization;

DONGO: Donor Organized NGO;

ENGO: environmental NGO, such as Global 2000;

GONGO: government-operated NGOs

INGO : international NGO; Oxfam is an international NGO

TANGO: technical assistance NGO;

GSO: Grassroots Support Organization

MANGO: market advocacy NGO

CHARDS: Community Health and Rural Development
Society
SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis is a method for strategy
formulation and implementation used to
evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, and Threats involved in the
early stages of change management
SWOT ANALYSIS
RELIEF ACTIVITIES

Strengths
Weaknesses
◦ Good Community ◦ Lack of Equipment.
Response ◦ Lack of Training
◦ Good Relief ◦ Lack of
Supplies from all Paramedical
over manpower
SWOT ANALYSIS

Opportunities
Threats
◦ Involving Private ◦ Casual
Sector
◦ Participation of Approach
Professionals ◦ Inertia
◦ NGO-Government
Interaction