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0 × 108 m/s
Permittivity of vacuum 0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2 · N−1 · m−2
Permeability of vacuum µ0 = 4π × 10−7 T · m · A−1
Planck’s constant h̄ = 1.05 × 10−34 J · s = 6.58 × 10−16 eV · s
Elementary charge e = 1.602 × 10−19 C
Avogadro’s number NA = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
Boltzmann’s constant kB = 1.38 × 10−23 J · K−1
Electron mass me = 9.109 × 10−31 kg = 510 keV/c2
Proton mass mp = 1.67 × 10−27 kg = 938 MeV/c2
Wavelength of light 6 × 10−7 m (approx.)
Linear dimension of atoms several×10−10 m (approx.)
Typical chemical energy several eV per atom (approx.)
Atoms/cm3 in solids 1023 (approx.)
Molecules/cm3 in gas 2.7 × 1019 at STP
Linear dimension of nuclei several×10−15 m (approx.)
Nuclear binding energy Typically 8 MeV per nucleon (approx)