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FLAT
Normal
moving
inclined
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 5
to VC JNTUH
• Different cases of forces exerted by free jets
on stationary and moving plates or vanes of
different shapes
symmetric
stationary
Un-symmetric
curved
symmetric
moving
Un-symmetric
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 6
to VC JNTUH
Case 1 : Force exerted by fluid when jet strikes
on a stationary flat plate held normal to jet
station
ary
Fluid jet flat
plate
F = ρAV2
Fluid jet
Moving Moving
Fluid jet Vel V flat flat
plate plate
Vel uV
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 23
to VC JNTUH
• Flat moving plate normal to jet
• Velocity of the liquid jet V
• Velocity of plate u in the same direction as jet
• When the plate also is moving in the same
direction of jet,
• Effective velocity with which the jet strikes the
plate = relative velocity = (V-u)
• corresponding Mass rate = ρa(V-u)
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 24
to VC JNTUH
• Velocity of liquid jet before striking = V
• Velocity of liquid jet after striking = velocity of
the plate = u
• Force exerted = mass rate x change of velocity
• F = ρa(V-u) [ V - u ]
• F = ρa(V-u)2
F = ρa(V-u)2
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 25
to VC JNTUH
• Since the plate is moving , work done and
efficiency can be computed.
=F.u = ρa(V-u)2 . u
K E supplied =
Hence
Vel uV
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 29
to VC JNTUH
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 30
to VC JNTUH
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 31
to VC JNTUH
• Flat moving plate inclined to jet
• Velocity of the liquid jet V
• Velocity of plate u in the same direction as jet
• When the plate also is moving in the same
direction of jet,
• Effective velocity with which the jet strikes the
plate = relative velocity = (V-u) sinθ
• Mass rate of flow = ρa(V-u)
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 32
to VC JNTUH
• Velocity of liquid jet
before striking = (V-u) sinθ
after striking = 0
in the same direction
• Force exerted = mass rate x change of velocity
• F = ρa(V-u) [(V-u) sinθ - 0 ]
• F = ρa(V-u)2 sinθ
F = ρa(V-u)2 sinθ
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 33
to VC JNTUH
• F = the resultant dynamic thrust
– Resolved into two components Fx and Fy
• Fx is the component of F along the direction of
motion of jet
= ρa(V-u)2 sin2θ
F = ρaV (V-u)
• K.E supplied =
• K.E/s =
V=2u is the
• V=2u or u = V/2 condition for
maximum
efficiency
Dr GK Viswanadh Prof. of Civil Engg. & OSD
08/03/2017 43
to VC JNTUH
• Corresponding maximum efficiency = η max
• η max = η at V = 2u
K.E supplied /s =
= 0.5 X 1000 X 0.000314 X 153
= 529 N-m/s
K.E supplied /s =
• Efficiency =