MAPUA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND

MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

FLATBACK (ONE PIECE PATTERN)

SHOP EXERCISE #1

TRAPILA, MA. PHOEBE LYNN D. DATE PERFORMED:

2018100290 NOVEMBER 27, 2018
ME123 L-2 / A9 DATE SUBMITTED:
GROUP VII − G DECEMBER 03, 2018

ENGR. SUBLIME CARVAJAL

INSTRUCTOR
SHOP EXERCISE 1
TITLE: FLATBACK (ONE PIECE PATTERN)

OBJECTIVES:
1. To be able to construct a flatback pattern.
2. To be familiarize with basic hand tools.
3. To enhance the creativity and technical knowledge of the students in
woodworking practice.
4. To test the student’s comprehension and skills in making one piece pattern
(flatback).
METHODS AND ANALYSIS:

Proper use of different hand tools will be tackle in this project. The creativity
of the student will enhace their skill while working in this project. Pattern making is
a fabrication of a pattern to be used in casting. It is usually made of wood plastic and
metal. It must be bigger than the actual size for easy removal from the mold and for
the surface finishing and machinery. The pattern makers must have knowledge of
engineering and its properties.

MATERIALS TO BE USED:
 1 piece solid wood (L 5in x W 2 1/2in x H 9/16in)

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TO BE USED:

 FILE (FLAT, RASP, TRIANGULAR, SMALL, HALF ROUND) – used for

finishing and smoothing purpose
 TRY SQUARE – used for the levelness testing of the work piece
 HACKSAW – used primarily for cutting plastic , metal pipes and wood
 COMPASS SAW – used for cutting inner portions and curve surfaces. It is
also used for making curved cuts
 ELECTRIC DRILL PRESS – used for drilling holes
 STEEL BRASS – used for cleaning wood files

PROCEDURE:
 1. Cut the wood block to the following dimension L 5in”x W 2 1/2in x H 9/16in
with a hacksaw.
2. Plane the wood to squareness and levelness.
3. Layout the given wood.
4. Cut out the corners with a hacksaw.
5. Bore a hole at the middle part of the wood to insert the blade of the compass
saw. Start cutting the inside portion or drill the successive holes inside the
block to remove the inner portion.
6. Taper all inside and outside surface by 1/16 inches. Use a plane file.
7. Finish it with file

PRELIMINARY DRAWING:
QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED:
1. What are the different types of pattern?
 Single piece pattern – this is the simplest type of pattern, exactly like
the desired casting. For making a mould, the pattern is accommodated
either in cope or drag.
 Split piece pattern – these patterns are split along the parting plane
(which may be flat or irregular surface) to facilitate the extraction of
the pattern out of the mould before the pouring operation.
 Loose piece pattern – it is frequently the case that parts of the pattern
will overhang so that the pattern cannot be removed from the sand in
any direction, even if parted. In such cases the overhanging parts are
fastened loosely to the main part of the pattern by wires or wooden pins.
 Gated pattern – one or more loose patterns having attached gates and
runners.
 Match pattern – a match plate pattern is a split pattern having the cope
and drags portions mounted on opposite sides of a plate (usually
metallic), called the match plate that conforms to the contour of the
parting surface.
 Sweep pattern – a section or board (wooden) of proper contour that is
rotated about one edge to shape mould cavities having shapes of
rotational symmetry.
 Cope and drag pattern – is a split pattern having the cope and drag
portions each mounted one separate match plates.
 Skeleton pattern – it is used for large castings having simple
geometrical shapes. These are simple wooden frames that outline the
shape of the part to be cast and are also used as guides by the molder in
the hand shaping of the mould.

2. Is knowledge in engineering materials significant in pattern making?

Yes, knowing the uses and functions of engineering materials is crucial
in making patterns because it is the basics in workshop. Having enough
knowledge about engineering materials will help the students in making
project safely and easily consuming less time if the materials were used
properly. Doing projects in workshop must be taken seriously so that we can
 reach the standards of the project they should have knowledge about
engineering materials.

3. What is a qualify of a good pattern?

Pattern have standards that can ease molding and produce a good
quality casting. The quality of pattern is seen in the castings it produced, and
a good quality pattern creates a solid finished casting with exact size and
dimension casting.

4. What is the purpose of a working drawing?

Working drawing gives a view or plans on how the project is going to
be process and here are the purpose of having a working drawing:
 It shows other details in creating the project
 It portrays geometry and graphical representation of the project
or pattern
 It provides different views with different dimensions
 It shows how the project is assembled
 Indicates the dimensions of the project with exact measurements

5. What properties of wood makes it a good material for material making?

Aside from being affordable and easy to find, woods are lightweight
that can be shaped easily in different forms by using carving and shaping tools.
Woods are economical because of its efficiency and has verities that provides
different choices according to its quality. Woods can be finished easily by
files and sandpaper. It produces well finished prints for molding.

6. What other materials can be used as pattern materials?

Materials that can be shaped and formed are used in pattern materials.
Patterns must be solid because it will be rammed if it is used in sand molding.
Metals, plaster, wax and plastics are other materials that can be used as a
pattern because they can be shaped and can be formed by melting.
7. What kind of wood is suitable for pattern making?
Deodar, Teak, Yellow Pine and Mahogany are the kinds of wood that
suits for pattern making because of their strength which can withstand the
wear and tear of handling and at the same time impermeable to the effects of
moisture.

8. Why should the pattern made to be bigger than the finished product?
The pattern should be bigger than the finished product because of the
contraction allowance. Once the metal solidifies it will begin to contract,
making it a smaller size than the expected product. The purpose of making the
pattern larger than the finished product is to have the exact size even if the
metal shrinks during the cooling process.
9. Is there a need to incline a little bit on the side of the pattern? Why?
Yes, it should be inclined a little bit on the side of the pattern because
once you start to cast a metal, it would be easier to remove the mold from the
sand rather because of the inclination.

10. What are the advantage of a metal pattern?

The advantage of a metal pattern than the wood pattern is that it is much
stronger than the wood pattern. It has a good surface quality compared to the
wood pattern.