1 Unless otherwise specified in data sheet, Transformers up to and including

1600 kVA
shall be of the hermetically sealed type. Transformers rated above 1600 KVA and
up to 3150 KVA,
may be either hermetically sealed or of the conservator type. Transformers
above 3150 KVA shall be
of the conservator type.

2.1.2 The transformers may be used to feed groups of motors and shall be
capable of withstanding
infrequent restarting loads up to 2 times the transformer's rated current.
Five such restarts may take
place at 5-seconds intervals.

2.1.3 Motor unit transformers, i.e., transformers supplying individual

motors shall be capable of
withstanding three successive motor starts and a further two successive starts
after a half-hour cooling-
off period.

2.1.4 The transformers shall be capable of delivering rated current at

applied voltages up to 105 % of
rated voltage continuously.

2.1.5 Transformer and relevant accessories shall be designed and constructed

to withstand without
damage the thermal and dynamic effects of external short circuit specified in
the data sheet. The tank-
cover electrical bonding connection and the neutral bushing shall be capable of
withstanding thermal
and dynamic stresses of the transformer zero sequence current for two seconds.

2.1.6 Transformers shall have a lifetime of at least 25 years, when

delivering rated output under the
service conditions specified and maintained according to the Manufacturer's
recommendation.
Transformers shall be suitable for continuous operation at full load for at
least 40,000 hours without
maintenance requiring the transformer to be de-energized.

2.2 CONSTRUCTION

2.2.1 Transformers shall be of the sealed or conservator tank type

construction, using high quality
heavy gauge steel with joints seal welded and pressure tested.

2.2.2 Oil-immersed transformers shall be cooled by means of bolted, flange-

mounted radiators.
Welded or other non-detachable cooling tubes shall not be used. For sealed
transformers, corrugated
tank walls are acceptable. Cooling tubes, radiators or ribs shall facilitate
cleaning and painting. Bends
in tubes shall be smooth and any clearance gaps where they join the tank shall
be effectively filled.

2.2.3 Tanks shall be of strength to prevent distortion occurring when the

transformers are lifted,
 jacked or transported. All joint seams and fittings shall be strong and
protected to prevent leakage
of oil. Tanks and conservators (where fitted) shall be of a strength to
withstand, without deformation
the maximum internal pressures caused by the expansion of the oil and air/gas
under service and
maximum through-fault conditions. A pressure relief arrangement shall be
provided.
Tank covers shall be of a construction that will prevent accumulation of
moisture.

2.2.4 Detachable radiators are to be hot dip galvanized before painting.

2.2.5 The base of the transformers(s) shall be formed of structural steel

members, provided with
flanged steel wheels for rail mounting and with jack lifting plates. Wheels
shall be bi- direction (can
be turned 90�) and be provided with bolts for blocking on rails.

2.2.6 Transformers shall be naturally air cooled (ONAN). All transformers

500 KVA and larger to
have provision for adding fans.

2.2.7 Hermetically sealed transformers shall have the cover fully seam
welded with a continuous
bead without undercutting. Bolting-on of the covers with tack-welded bolts is
not acceptable. After
filling, the tank filling orifices shall be permanently sealed and tamper-
proof. Any gasketed joints shall
be below the cold oil level and the bolts made tamper-proof. The expansion
space above the oil shall
be filled with either dry air or dry inert gas. An oil level indicator and
pressure/vacuum gauge shall be
fitted.

2.2.8 Manhole and/or hand-hole covers shall be gasketed and bolted. All
gasketed joints shall
be below the cold oil level.

2.2.9 Transformers shall be provided with facilities for lifting the

complete transformer as well as for
lifting the core and coil assembly form the tank.

2.2.10 Transformers shall be factory filled with insulating liquid prior to

shipment unless the size
and consequential weight of the unit precludes transportation whilst fully
assembled. Insulating liquid
shall be certified not to contain PCB's.