Designation: C 1433M – 01

METRIC

Standard Specification for

Precast Reinforced Concrete Box Sections for Culverts,
Storm Drains, and Sewers [Metric]1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1433M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced Specimens in the Field3
concrete box sections intended to be used for the construction C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates3
of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
wastes and sewage. Concrete Specimens3
1.2 This specification is the companion to inch-pound C 150 Specification for Portland Cement4
Specification C 1433. C 309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-
pounds for Curing Concrete3
NOTE 1—This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchas- C 497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sec-
ing specification. However, standard designs are included and the criteria
tions, or Tile [Metric]5
used to develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful
performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements4
section, bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
construction specifications. The purchaser of the precast reinforced Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
concrete box sections specified herein is cautioned that he must properly Portland Cement Concrete3
correlate the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
section specified and provide for inspection at the construction site. Products5
2. Referenced Documents 2.2 AASHTO Standards:6
Specifications for Highway Bridges, 1997 Edition
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 82 Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Re- 3. Terminology
inforcement2 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to con-
A 185 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, Plain, for crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.
Concrete Reinforcement2
A 496 Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete 4. Types
Reinforcement2 4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box sections manufactured
A 497 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, De- in accordance with this specification shall be one of two types
formed, for Concrete Reinforcement2 identified in Tables 1 and 2, and shall be designated by type,
A 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and Plain span, rise, and design earth cover.
Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement2

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
3
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
4
Acceptance Specifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
5
Current edition approved July 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
6
published as C 1433M–99. Last previous edition C 1433M–00a. Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04. Officials (AASHTO),

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 C 1433M
TABLE 1 Design Requirements for Precast Concrete Box 4.6 250 400 400 250 460
Sections Under Earth Dead and HS20 Live Load Conditions 6.1 300 510 530 250 460
7.6 380 640 640 250 460
NOTE 1—Design earth covers and reinforcement areas are based on the 9.1 440 760 760 250 460
weight of a column of earth over the width of the box section as defined
A
in Appendix X1. Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 150 mm.
NOTE 2—Concrete design strength 35 MPa. 1200 by 1200 by 125 mm
NOTE 3—The design earth cover indicated is the height of fill above the
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
top of the box section. Design requirements are based on the material and Earth
soil properties, loading data, and typical section as included in Appendix Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
X1. For alternative or special designs, see 7.2.
0<0.6A 380 1020 570 250 510 380 380 300
NOTE 4—Design steel area in millimetres per linear metre of box 0.6<0.9 340 800 720 250 460
section at those locations which are indicated on the typical section 0.9-1.5 250 380 380 250 460
included in Appendix X1. 3.0 250 320 320 250 460
NOTE 5—The top section designation, for example, 900 by 600 by 100 4.6 250 420 440 250 460
6.1 250 550 550 250 460
mm indicates (interior horizontal span in millimetres) by (interior vertical
7.6 320 660 680 250 460
rise in millimetres) by (wall and slab thickness in millimetres). 9.1 360 800 800 250 460
NOTE 6—In accordance with the acceptance criteria in 7.2, the manu-
A
facturer may interpolate the steel area requirements for fill heights Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 150 mm.
between noted increments or may submit independent designs. 1500 by 900 by 150 mm
900 by 600 by 100 mm Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm 0<0.6A 410 990 510 300 470 410 410 360
0<0.6A 360 830 470 210 400 360 360 300 0.6<0.9 550 760 590 300 460
0.6<0.9 320 570 570 210 460 0.9-1.5 300 400 400 300 460
0.9-1.5 210 250 250 210 460 3.0 300 340 340 300 460
3.0 210 210 210 210 460 4.6 360 470 470 300 460
4.6 210 280 300 210 460 6.1 440 590 610 300 460
6.1 230 360 380 210 460 7.6 550 740 740 300 460
7.6 300 470 470 210 460 9.1 680 890 890 300 460
9.1 360 550 550 210 460 A
Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 175 mm.
A
Top slab 175 mm, bottom slab 150 mm. 1500 by 1200 by 150 mm
900 by 900 by 100 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Earth Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
0<0.6A 400 1060 570 300 510 410 410 360
0<0.6A 360 870 490 210 420 360 360 300 0.6<0.9 470 870 700 300 460
0.6<0.9 230 660 660 210 460 0.9-1.5 300 440 440 300 460
0.9-1.5 210 300 300 210 460 3.0 300 360 380 300 460
3.0 210 230 230 210 460 4.6 300 510 530 300 460
4.6 210 320 320 210 460 6.1 380 660 680 300 460
6.1 210 400 420 210 460 7.6 470 800 830 300 460
7.6 210 490 510 210 460 9.1 550 970 970 300 460
9.1 250 590 610 210 460
A
Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 175 mm.
A
Top slab 175 mm, bottom slab 150 mm.
1500 by 1500 by 150 mm
1200 by 600 by 125 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Earth Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm A
0<0.6 410 1100 610 300 510 410 410 360
0<0.6A 380 890 470 250 440 380 380 300 0.6<0.9 400 910 740 300 460
0.6<0.9 510 610 530 250 460 0.9-1.5 300 470 470 300 460
0.9-1.5 260 300 300 250 460 3.0 300 380 400 300 460
3.0 250 250 250 250 460 4.6 300 530 550 300 460
4.6 320 340 340 250 460 6.1 320 680 700 300 460
6.1 400 440 440 250 460 7.6 400 850 870 300 460
7.6 510 550 550 250 460 9.1 490 990 1020 300 460
9.1 590 660 660 250 460
A
Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 175 mm.
A
Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 150 mm.
1800 by 900 by 175 mm
1200 by 900 by 125 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Earth Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
A
0<0.6 530 1020 490 360 440 410 400 360
0<0.6A 380 970 530 250 490 380 380 300 0.6<0.9 640 800 550 360 460
0.6<0.9 420 740 660 250 460 0.9-1.5 360 420 360 360 460
0.9-1.5 250 360 360 250 460 3.0 360 380 380 360 460
3.0 250 300 300 250 460 4.6 490 530 530 360 460

2
 C 1433M

6.1 610 680 680 360 460 2100 by 1800 by 200 mm

7.6 760 830 850 360 460
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
9.1 910 990 990 360 740
Earth
A Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Top slab 200 mm.
1800 by 1200 by 175 mm 0<0.6 470 1230 640 410 490 410 410 400
0.6<0.9 510 1040 740 400 460
2
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm /m 0.9-1.5 400 570 490 410 460
Earth 3.0 400 550 570 410 460
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
4.6 420 740 780 410 460
0<0.6A 420 1100 550 360 470 410 410 360 6.1 530 950 970 410 460
0.6<0.9 550 890 660 360 460 7.6 640 1160 1210 410 460
0.9-1.5 360 490 440 360 460 9.1 760 1440 1550 410 460
3.0 360 420 440 360 460 2100 by 2100 by 200 mm
4.6 400 590 590 360 460
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
6.1 530 760 760 360 460
Earth
7.6 640 930 950 360 460 As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m
9.1 760 1100 1120 360 460
0<0.6 490 1270 660 400 510 410 410 400
A
Top slab 200 mm. 0.6<0.9 470 1080 780 400 460
1800 by 1500 by 175 mm 0.9-1.5 400 590 510 400 460
3.0 400 570 610 400 460
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m 4.6 400 760 800 400 460
Earth 6.1 490 970 1020 400 460
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
7.6 590 1190 1230 400 460
0<0.6 A
410 1160 610 360 510 410 410 360 9.1 700 1480 1630 400 460
0.6<0.9 490 950 720 360 460 2400 by 1200 by 200 mm
0.9-1.5 360 510 470 360 460
3.0 360 440 490 360 460 Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
4.6 360 610 660 360 460 Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
6.1 440 800 830 360 460
7.6 550 970 1020 360 460 0<0.6 720 1230 570 410 400 410 410 400
9.1 660 1190 1230 360 460 0.6<0.9 780 1060 700 400 940
0.9-1.5 490 610 530 410 460
A
Top slab 200 mm. 3.0 550 590 610 410 460
1800 by 1800 by 175 mm 4.6 760 830 850 410 460
6.1 970 1060 1080 410 460
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m 7.6 1210 1330 1350 410 910
Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm 2400 by 1500 by 200 mm

0<0.6 A
410 1210 660 360 530 410 410 360 Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
0.6<0.9 440 1020 760 360 460 Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
9.0-1.5 360 530 490 360 460
3.0 360 470 510 360 460 0<0.6 640 1310 640 400 490 410 410 400
4.6 360 660 680 360 460 0.6<0.9 740 1140 780 400 460
6.1 400 830 870 360 460 0.9-1.5 420 660 550 400 460
7.6 490 1020 1040 360 460 3.0 490 640 680 400 460
9.1 590 1230 1290 360 460 4.6 680 890 910 400 460
A
6.1 870 1140 1190 400 460
Top slab 200 mm. 7.6 1060 1500 1550 400 790
2100 by 1200 by 200 mm 2400 by 1800 by 200 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m
0<0.6 590 1120 510 400 440 410 410 400 0<0.6 590 1350 700 400 510 400 400 400
0.6<0.9 640 910 610 400 460 0.6<0.9 680 1210 850 400 460
0.9-1.5 410 510 410 400 460 0.9-1.5 400 700 570 400 460
3.0 410 470 490 400 460 3.0 440 680 720 400 460
4.6 530 660 680 400 460 4.6 610 950 970 400 460
6.1 680 850 850 400 460 6.1 780 1210 1250 400 460
7.6 830 1040 1040 400 460 7.6 950 1630 1670 400 790
9.1 990 1230 1250 400 790
2400 by 2100 by 200 mm
2100 by 1500 by 200 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Earth Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
0<0.6 570 1400 740 400 510 410 410 400
0<0.6 530 1190 590 400 470 410 410 400 0.6<0.9 610 1270 890 400 460
0.6<0.9 570 990 700 400 460 0.9-1.5 400 700 610 400 460
0.9-1.5 400 550 470 400 460 3.0 420 720 760 400 460
3.0 400 510 530 400 460 4.6 570 970 1040 400 460
4.6 470 700 720 400 460 6.1 720 1270 1310 400 460
6.1 590 910 930 400 460 7.6 890 1690 1780 400 790
7.6 720 1100 1140 400 460
9.1 870 1350 1400 400 460

3
 C 1433M

2400 by 2400 by 200 mm 3000 by 1500 by 250 mm

Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 640 1440 760 400 530 400 400 400 0<0.6 700 1210 570 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 570 1290 910 400 460 0.6<0.9 830 1160 720 510 460
0.9-1.5 400 720 660 400 460 0.9-1.5 530 700 570 510 460
3.0 400 740 800 400 460 3.0 680 740 760 510 460
4.6 530 1020 1080 400 460 4.6 930 1020 1040 510 460
6.1 680 1290 1380 400 460 6.1 1210 1290 1330 510 460
7.6 830 1760 1840 400 790 7.6 1480 1650 1690 510 1020
2700 by 1500 by 225 mm 3000 by 1800 by 250 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 680 1250 610 470 470 460 460 470 0<0.6 640 1270 640 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 780 1140 740 470 460 0.6<0.9 780 1230 780 510 460
0.9-1.5 470 680 550 470 460 0.9-1.5 510 740 610 510 460
3.0 590 700 720 470 460 3.0 640 780 830 510 460
4.6 800 950 970 470 460 4.6 850 1080 1120 510 460
6.1 1040 1230 1250 470 460 6.1 1100 1400 1440 510 460
7.6 1270 1590 1630 470 840 7.6 1350 1820 1930 510 890
2700 by 1800 by 225 mm 3000 by 2100 by 250 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 610 1310 660 470 460 460 460 470 0<0.6 590 1310 680 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 720 1210 800 470 460 0.6<0.9 720 1270 850 510 460
0.9-1.5 470 720 590 470 460 0.9-1.5 510 760 660 510 460
3.0 550 740 780 470 460 3.0 590 830 890 510 460
4.6 740 1020 1060 470 460 4.6 780 1140 1190 510 460
6.1 930 1310 1350 470 460 6.1 1020 1460 1520 510 460
7.6 1140 1740 1780 470 840 7.6 1230 1950 2140 510 890
2700 by 2100 by 225 mm 3000 by 2400 by 250 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 570 1350 700 470 460 470 460 470 990 0<0.6 550 1330 720 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 660 1270 870 470 460 0.6<0.9 660 1310 890 510 460
0.9-1.5 470 740 640 470 460 0.9-1.5 510 780 720 510 460
3.0 510 780 830 470 460 3.0 550 870 930 510 460
4.6 680 1060 1120 470 460 4.6 740 1190 1250 510 460
6.1 870 1380 1420 470 460 6.1 930 1520 1590 510 460
7.6 1060 1840 1950 470 840 7.6 1140 2050 2310 510 890
2700 by 2400 by 225 mm 3000 by 2700 by 250 mm
2
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm /m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 590 1380 740 470 490 460 460 470 0<0.6 610 1380 740 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 610 1310 890 470 460 0.6<0.9 610 1350 910 510 460
0.9-1.5 470 700 740 470 460 0.9-1.5 510 780 760 510 460
3.0 470 800 870 470 460 3.0 530 910 970 510 460
4.6 640 1100 1160 470 460 4.6 700 1230 1290 510 460
6.1 800 1400 1500 470 460 6.1 890 1570 1690 510 460
7.6 970 1910 2070 470 840 7.6 1080 2140 2460 510 890
2700 by 2700 by 225 mm 3000 by 3000 by 250 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 660 1400 740 470 490 460 460 470 0<0.6 680 1380 780 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 570 1330 910 470 460 0.6<0.9 570 1380 930 510 460
0.9-1.5 470 740 740 460 460 0.9-1.5 510 780 800 510 460
3.0 470 830 910 460 460 3.0 510 930 1020 510 460
4.6 590 1120 1210 460 460 4.6 680 1250 1350 510 460
6.1 760 1440 1570 460 460 6.1 850 1610 1760 510 460
7.6 930 1970 2180 460 840 7.6 1040 2180 2560 510 890

4
 C 1433M

3300 by 1200 by 275 mm 3600 by 1200 by 300 mm

Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 800 1100 550 560 560 560 560 550 460 0<0.6 830 1060 610 610 610 610 610 610
0.6<0.9 950 1080 590 550 460 0.6<0.9 1020 1080 610 610 460
0.9-1.5 640 640 550 560 460 0.9-1.5 700 640 610 610 460
3.0 850 700 720 560 460 3.0 970 740 760 610 460
4.6 1190 970 990 560 460 4.6 1330 1020 1040 610 460
6.1 1520 1250 1270 560 1070 6.1 1710 1310 1330 610 1170
7.6 1880 1520 1550 560 1120 7.6 2120 1610 1630 610 1170
3300 by 1800 by 275 mm 3600 by 1800 by 300 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 680 1230 610 560 560 560 560 550 0<0.6 700 1210 610 610 610 610 610 610
0.6<0.9 800 1230 760 550 460 0.6<0.9 850 1230 740 610 460
0.9-1.5 550 740 640 560 460 0.9-1.5 610 760 660 610 460
3.0 720 830 870 560 460 3.0 830 890 910 610 460
4.6 990 1140 1190 560 460 4.6 1120 1210 1250 610 460
6.1 1270 1460 1500 560 460 6.1 1440 1550 1590 610 460
7.6 1550 1910 2050 560 910 7.6 1760 1990 2160 610 1120
3300 by 2400 by 275 mm 3600 by 2400 by 300 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 570 1310 700 550 560 560 560 550 0<0.6 610 1290 700 610 610 610 610 610
0.6<0.9 700 1330 870 550 460 0.6<0.9 740 1330 850 610 460
0.9-1.5 550 800 740 550 460 0.9-1.5 610 830 760 610 460
3.0 640 930 990 550 460 3.0 740 970 1040 610 460
4.6 870 1270 1330 550 460 4.6 970 1330 1400 610 460
6.1 1080 1630 1690 550 460 6.1 1250 1710 1780 610 460
7.6 1330 2270 2540 550 910 7.6 1520 2430 2730 610 970
3300 by 3000 by 275 mm 3600 by 3000 by 300 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 640 1350 760 550 560 560 560 550 0<0.6 610 1330 760 610 610 610 610 610
0.6<0.9 610 1380 910 550 460 0.6<0.9 660 1400 910 610 460
0.9-1.5 550 800 830 550 160 0.9-1.5 610 850 870 610 460
3.0 590 990 1080 550 460 3.0 680 1060 1160 610 460
4.6 780 1350 1440 550 460 4.6 890 1440 1550 610 460
6.1 970 1740 1880 550 460 6.1 1120 1840 1990 610 460
7.6 1190 2460 2860 550 910 7.6 1350 2710 3110 610 970
3300 by 3300 by 275 mm 3600 by 3600 by 300 mm
2
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm /m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 720 1350 830 550 560 560 560 550 0<0.6 740 1350 870 700 610 610 610 610
0.6<0.9 570 1400 950 550 460 0.6<0.9 610 1420 1020 610 460
0.9-1.5 550 830 890 560 460 0.9-1.5 610 890 950 610 460
3.0 570 1040 1140 560 460 3.0 610 1120 1250 610 460
4.6 740 1380 1500 560 460 4.6 830 1500 1650 610 460
6.1 930 1780 1970 560 460 6.1 1020 1970 2180 610 460
7.6 1140 2500 2960 560 910 7.6 1250 2840 3410 610 970

5
 C 1433M
TABLE 2 Design Requirements for Precast Concrete Box 4.6 250 400 420 250 460
Sections Under Earth Dead and Interstate Live Load Conditions 6.1 320 530 530 250 460
7.6 380 640 660 250 460
NOTE 1—Design earth covers and reinforcement areas are based on the 9.1 440 760 760 250 460
weight of a column of earth over the width of the box section as defined
A
in Appendix X1. Top slab 162.5 mm, bottom slab 150 mm.
NOTE 2—Concrete design strength 35 MPa. 1200 by 1200 by 125 mm
NOTE 3—The design earth cover indicated is the height of fill above the
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
top of the box section. Design requirements are based on the material and Earth
soil properties, loading data, and typical section as included in Appendix Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
X1. For alternative or special designs, see 7.2.
0<0.6A 380 1020 570 250 510 380 380 300
NOTE 4—Design steel area in square millimetres per linear metre of box 0.6<0.9 340 800 720 250 460
section at those locations which are indicated on the typical section 0.9-1.5 250 380 380 250 460
included in Appendix X1. 3.0 250 320 340 250 460
NOTE 5—The top section designation, for example, 900 by 600 by 100 4.6 250 420 440 250 460
6.1 250 550 570 250 460
mm, indicates (interior horizontal span in millimetres) by (interior vertical
7.6 320 680 700 250 460
rise in millimetres) by (wall and slab thickness in millimetres). 9.1 380 800 830 250 460
NOTE 6—In accordance with the acceptance criteria in 7.2, the manu-
A
facturer may interpolate the steel area requirements for fill heights Top slab 162.5 mm, bottom slab 150 mm.
between noted increments or may submit independent designs. 1500 by 900 by 150 mm
900 by 600 by 100 mm Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm 0<0.6A 420 990 640 300 470 410 410 360
0<0.6A 360 830 470 210 400 360 360 300 0.6<0.9 550 760 590 300 460
0.6<0.9 320 570 570 210 460 0.9-1.5 300 400 400 300 460
0.9-1.5 210 250 250 210 460 3.0 300 340 360 300 460
3.0 210 210 210 210 460 4.6 360 470 490 300 460
4.6 210 300 300 210 460 6.1 470 610 610 300 460
6.1 250 380 380 210 460 7.6 570 740 760 300 460
7.6 300 470 470 210 460 9.1 680 890 910 300 460
9.1 360 550 550 210 460 A
Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 175 mm.
A
Top slab 175 mm, bottom slab 150 mm. 1500 by 1200 by 150 mm
900 by 900 by 100 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Earth Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
0<0.6A 410 1060 720 300 510 410 410 360
0<0.6A 360 870 490 210 420 360 360 300 0.6<0.9 470 870 700 300 460
0.6<0.9 230 660 660 210 460 0.9-1.5 300 440 440 300 460
0.9-1.5 210 300 300 210 460 3.0 300 380 400 300 460
3.0 210 230 230 210 460 4.6 300 510 530 300 460
4.6 210 320 340 210 460 6.1 380 660 680 300 460
6.1 210 400 420 210 460 7.6 470 800 830 300 460
7.6 210 510 510 210 460 9.1 550 970 990 300 460
9.1 250 590 610 210 460
A
Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 175 mm.
A
Top slab 175 mm, bottom slab 150 mm.
1500 by 1500 by 150 mm
1200 by 600 by 125 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Earth Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm A
0<0.6 410 1100 760 300 510 410 410 360
0<0.6A 380 890 470 250 440 380 380 300 0.6<0.9 400 910 740 300 460
0.6<0.9 510 610 530 250 460 0.9-1.5 300 470 470 300 460
0.9-1.5 260 300 300 250 460 3.0 300 400 420 300 460
3.0 250 250 250 250 460 4.6 300 550 570 300 460
4.6 320 360 360 250 460 6.1 340 700 720 300 460
6.1 400 440 440 250 460 7.6 400 850 870 300 460
7.6 510 550 550 250 460 9.1 490 1020 1040 300 460
9.1 620 660 660 250 460
A
Top slab 200 mm, bottom slab 175 mm.
A
Top slab 162.5 mm, bottom slab 150 mm.
1800 by 900 by 175 mm
1200 by 900 by 125 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Earth Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
A
0<0.6 530 1020 680 360 440 410 410 360
0<0.6A 380 970 530 250 490 380 380 300 0.6<0.9 640 800 550 360 460
0.6<0.9 420 740 660 250 460 0.9-1.5 360 420 360 360 460
0.9-1.5 250 360 360 250 460 3.0 360 380 400 360 460
3.0 250 300 300 250 460 4.6 490 530 550 360 460

6
 C 1433M

6.1 610 680 700 360 460 2100 by 1800 by 200 mm

7.6 760 850 850 360 460
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
9.1 930 990 1020 360 740
Earth
A Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Top slab 200 mm.
1800 by 1200 by 175 mm 0<0.6 440 1230 890 410 490 410 410 400
0.6<0.9 510 1040 1040 400 460
2
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm /m 0.9-1.5 410 570 490 410 460
Earth 3.0 410 550 590 410 460
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
4.6 420 760 780 410 460
0<0.6A 470 1100 760 360 470 410 410 360 6.1 530 950 990 410 460
0.6<0.9 550 890 660 360 460 7.6 660 1160 1210 410 460
0.9-1.5 360 490 440 360 460 9.1 780 1460 1570 410 460
3.0 360 440 440 360 460 2100 by 2100 by 200 mm
4.6 420 590 610 360 460
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
6.1 530 760 780 360 460
Earth
7.6 640 930 950 360 460 As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m
9.1 760 1120 1120 360 460
0<0.6 490 1270 930 410 510 410 410 400
A
Top slab 200 mm. 0.6<0.9 440 1080 1100 400 460
1800 by 1500 by 175 mm 0.9-1.5 410 590 510 410 460
3.0 410 570 610 410 460
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m 4.6 410 780 830 410 460
Earth 6.1 490 990 1040 410 460
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
7.6 590 1210 1250 410 460
0<0.6 A
410 1160 830 360 510 410 410 360 9.1 690 1500 1650 410 460
0.6<0.9 490 950 720 360 460 2400 by 1200 by 200 mm
0.9-1.5 360 510 470 360 460
3.0 360 470 490 360 460 Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
4.6 360 640 660 360 460 Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
6.1 470 800 830 360 460
7.6 550 990 1020 360 460 0<0.6 740 1230 830 410 440 410 410 400 1070
9.1 660 1190 1230 360 460 0.6<0.9 910 1060 990 400 940
0.9-1.5 490 610 530 410 460
A
Top slab 200 mm. 3.0 570 610 640 410 460
1800 by 1800 by 175 mm 4.6 760 830 850 410 460
6.1 970 1080 1100 410 460
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m 7.6 1210 1330 1380 410 460
Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm 2400 by 1500 by 200 mm

0<0.6 A
410 1210 870 360 530 410 410 360 Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
0.6<0.9 440 1020 760 360 460 Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
0.9-1.5 360 530 490 360 460
3.0 360 490 530 360 460 0<0.6 660 1310 910 410 490 410 410 400
4.6 360 660 700 360 460 0.6<0.9 800 1160 1080 400 460
6.1 400 850 870 360 460 0.9-1.5 420 660 570 410 460
7.6 510 1020 1060 360 460 3.0 510 660 680 410 460
9.1 590 1230 1290 360 460 4.6 680 910 930 410 460
A
6.1 870 1160 1190 410 460
Top slab 200 mm. 7.6 1080 1500 1550 410 790
2100 by 1200 by 200 mm 2400 by 1800 by 200 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m
0<0.6 570 1120 760 410 440 410 410 400 0<0.6 590 1350 970 410 510 410 410 400
0.6<0.9 660 910 890 400 460 0.6<0.9 720 1250 1160 400 460
0.9-1.5 410 510 410 410 460 0.9-1.5 400 680 590 410 460
3.0 410 490 510 410 460 3.0 470 700 740 410 460
4.6 530 660 680 410 460 4.6 610 950 990 410 460
6.1 680 850 870 410 460 6.1 780 1230 1270 410 460
7.6 850 1040 1060 410 460 7.6 970 1630 1690 410 790
9.1 990 1230 1250 410 790
2400 by 2100 by 200 mm
2100 by 1500 by 200 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Earth
Earth Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
0<0.6 590 1400 1020 410 510 410 410 400
0<0.6 490 1190 830 410 410 410 410 400 0.6<0.9 640 1290 1230 400 460
0.6<0.9 570 990 970 400 460 0.9-1.5 410 700 640 410 460
0.9-1.5 410 550 470 410 460 3.0 420 740 780 410 460
3.0 410 530 550 410 460 4.6 570 990 1040 410 460
4.6 470 720 740 410 460 6.1 720 1270 1330 410 460
6.1 590 910 930 410 460 7.6 890 1710 1800 410 790
7.6 720 1120 1140 410 460
9.1 870 1350 1400 410 460

7
 C 1433M

2400 by 2400 by 200 mm 3000 by 1500 by 250 mm

Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 640 1440 1060 510 530 410 410 400 0<0.6 870 1210 800 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 590 1330 1270 400 460 0.6<0.9 1020 1230 990 510 460
0.9-1.5 410 720 680 410 460 0.9-1.5 590 740 700 510 460
3.0 410 760 830 410 460 3.0 700 740 780 510 460
4.6 550 1040 1080 410 460 4.6 950 1020 1060 510 460
6.1 680 1310 1400 410 460 6.1 1210 1310 1330 510 460
7.6 830 1760 1860 410 790 7.6 1500 1650 1690 510 1020
2700 by 1500 by 225 mm 3000 by 1800 by 250 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 780 1250 850 460 460 460 460 470 0<0.6 780 1270 890 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 910 1210 1040 470 460 0.6<0.9 930 1310 1080 510 460
0.9-1.5 530 720 700 460 460 0.9-1.5 530 780 740 510 460
3.0 590 700 740 460 460 3.0 660 800 850 510 460
4.6 800 970 990 460 460 4.6 870 1100 1140 510 460
6.1 1040 1250 1270 460 460 6.1 1100 1400 1440 510 460
7.6 1270 1590 1630 460 840 7.6 1350 1840 1970 510 890
2700 by 1800 by 225 mm 3000 by 2100 by 250 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 720 1310 930 460 460 460 460 470 0<0.6 720 1310 950 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 830 1270 1120 470 460 0.6<0.9 850 1380 1160 510 460
0.9-1.5 470 740 740 460 460 0.9-1.5 510 830 780 510 460
3.0 550 760 780 460 460 3.0 610 850 910 510 460
4.6 740 1040 1060 460 460 4.6 800 1160 1210 510 460
6.1 950 1310 1350 460 460 6.1 1020 1480 1520 510 460
7.6 1160 1740 1800 460 840 7.6 1250 1970 2180 510 890
2700 by 2100 by 225 mm 3000 by 2400 by 250 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 660 1350 970 460 460 460 460 470 0<0.6 680 1330 990 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 740 1350 1190 470 460 0.6<0.9 780 1440 1230 510 460
0.9-1.5 460 780 780 460 460 0.9-1.5 510 850 800 510 460
3.0 510 800 850 460 460 3.0 570 890 950 510 460
4.6 680 1080 1120 460 460 4.6 760 1210 1270 510 460
6.1 870 1380 1440 460 460 6.1 950 1550 1610 510 460
7.6 1060 1840 1970 460 840 7.6 1160 2100 2350 510 890
2700 by 2400 by 225 mm 3000 by 2700 by 250 mm
2
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm /m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 610 1380 1020 470 460 460 460 470 0<0.6 640 1380 1020 510 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 700 1400 1250 470 460 0.6<0.9 740 1480 1270 510 460
0.9-1.5 460 800 800 470 460 0.9-1.5 510 850 830 510 460
3.0 490 830 890 470 460 3.0 550 930 990 510 460
4.6 640 1120 1190 470 460 4.6 720 1250 1310 510 460
6.1 800 1420 1500 470 460 6.1 890 1590 1710 510 460
7.6 990 1930 2120 470 840 7.6 1080 2180 2500 510 890
2700 by 2700 by 225 mm 3000 by 3000 by 250 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 660 1400 1060 550 460 470 460 470 0<0.6 680 1380 1060 590 510 510 510 510
0.6<0.9 660 1440 1270 470 460 0.6<0.9 700 1500 1290 510 460
0.9-1.5 460 800 800 470 460 0.9-1.5 510 870 850 510 460
3.0 460 850 930 470 460 3.0 510 950 1040 510 460
4.6 610 1140 1230 470 460 4.6 680 1270 1380 510 460
6.1 760 1460 1590 470 460 6.1 850 1630 1780 510 460
7.6 930 1970 2200 470 840 7.6 1040 2220 2600 510 890

8
 C 1433M

3300 by 1200 by 275 mm 3600 by 1800 by 300 mm

Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 950 1100 680 560 560 560 560 550 0<0.6 890 1210 830 610 610 610 610 610
0.6<0.9 1210 1140 850 550 1120 0.6<0.9 1100 1350 1020 610 460
0.9-1.5 740 700 590 560 460 0.9-1.5 680 850 760 610 460
3.0 890 720 740 560 460 3.0 850 910 930 610 460
4.6 1210 990 990 560 460 4.6 1140 1230 1270 610 460
6.1 1550 1270 1270 560 1120 6.1 1460 1570 1610 610 460
7.6 1910 1550 1570 560 1120 7.6 1780 2030 2220 610 1120
3300 by 1800 by 275 mm 3600 by 2400 by 300 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 850 1230 850 560 560 560 560 550 0<0.6 780 1290 930 610 610 610 610 610 460
0.6<0.9 1020 1330 1060 550 460 0.6<0.9 950 1500 1160 610 460
0.9-1.5 590 800 720 560 460 0.9-1.5 610 910 850 610 460
3.0 740 850 890 560 460 3.0 760 1020 1080 610 460
4.6 990 1160 1210 560 460 4.6 990 1350 1420 610 460
6.1 1270 1480 1520 560 460 6.1 1250 1740 1800 610 460
7.6 1570 1930 2100 560 910 7.6 1520 2500 2770 610 970
3300 by 2400 by 275 mm 3600 by 3000 by 300 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 720 1310 950 560 560 560 560 550 0<0.6 680 1330 1020 610 610 610 610 610
0.6<0.9 870 1480 1190 550 460 0.6<0.9 850 1590 1270 610 460
0.9-1.5 560 890 800 560 460 0.9-1.5 610 950 950 610 460
3.0 660 950 1020 560 460 3.0 680 1100 1190 610 460
4.6 870 1290 1350 560 460 4.6 890 1460 1570 610 460
6.1 1100 1630 1710 560 460 6.1 1120 1860 2010 610 460
7.6 1330 2310 2580 560 910 7.6 1350 2750 3180 610 970
3300 by 3000 by 275 mm 3600 by 3600 by 300 mm
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm

0<0.6 640 1350 1040 560 560 560 560 550 0<0.6 740 1350 1060 610 610 610 610 610
0.6<0.9 780 1550 1270 550 460 0.6<0.9 760 1650 1310 610 460
0.9-1.5 560 910 870 560 460 0.9-1.5 610 950 1060 610 460
3.0 590 1020 1120 560 460 3.0 640 1160 1290 610 460
4.6 780 1380 1460 560 460 4.6 830 1550 1670 610 460
6.1 970 1760 1910 560 460 6.1 1040 1990 2200 610 460
7.6 1190 2500 2900 560 910 7.6 1250 2880 3450 610 970
3300 by 3300 by 275 mm
5. Basis of Acceptance
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m
Earth 5.1 Acceptability of the box sections produced in accor-
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm
dance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of the
0<0.6 720 1350 1040 550 550 560 560 550 concrete compressive strength tests described in Section 10, by
0.6<0.9 720 1590 1290 550 460 the material requirements described in Section 6, and by
0.9-1.5 550 910 910 560 460
3.0 570 1060 1160 560 460 inspection of the finished box sections.
4.6 760 1400 1520 560 460 5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptance
6.1 950 1800 1990 560 460
when they conform to the requirements of this specification.
7.6 1140 2560 3010 560 910
3600 by 1200 by 300 mm 6. Material
Design Circumferential Reinforcement Areas, mm2/m 6.1 Reinforced Concrete—The reinforced concrete shall
Earth
Cover, m As1 As2 As3 As4 As5 As6 As7 As8 “M,” mm consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and
0<0.6 990 1060 760 610 610 610 610 610
water, in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that
0.6<0.9 1290 1160 800 610 1170 the steel and concrete act together.
0.9-1.5 830 700 660 610 460 6.2 Cementitious Materials:
3.0 990 760 780 610 460
4.6 1350 1040 1060 610 460
6.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements
6.1 1740 1310 1330 610 1170 for portland cement of Specification C 150 or shall be portland
7.6 2140 1610 1630 610 1170 blast-furnace slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement con-
forming to the requirements of Specification C 595, except that
the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland pozzolan
cement shall be fly ash.

9
 C 1433M
6.2.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of
Specification C 618, Class F or Class C.
6.2.3 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
The combination of cementitious materials used in concrete
shall be one of the following:
6.2.3.1 Portland cement,
6.2.3.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement,
6.2.3.3 Portland pozzolan cement, or
6.2.3.4 A combination of portland cement and fly ash.
6.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
C 33, except that the requirements for gradation shall not
apply.
6.4 Admixtures and Blends—Admixtures and blends shall
be allowed to be used with the approval of the purchaser.
6.5 Steel Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall consist of
welded wire fabric conforming to Specifications A 185 or
A 497. Circumferential reinforcement areas in Tables 1 and 2
are based solely on the use of welded wire fabric, refer to 11.6
if alternate steel designs utilizing steel bars, Grade 60, in
conjunction with or in lieu of welded wire fabric are to be
submitted for the owner’s approval. Longitudinal distribution
reinforcement shall be allowed to consist of welded wire fabric
or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to Specification
A 615/A 615M, Grade 60.
7. Design
7.1 Design Tables—The box section dimensions, compres-
sive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be
as prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject to the
provisions of Section 11. Table 1 sections are designed for
combined earth dead load and AASHTO HS20 live load
conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combined earth
dead load and interstate live load conditions when the interstate
live loading exceeds the HS20 live loading. Criteria used to
develop Tables 1 and 2 are given in Appendix X1.
FIG. 1 Typical Box Sections
10
NOTE 2—The tabular designs in this specification were prepared
according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges,
1997 Edition.
7.2 Modified and Special Designs—The manufacturer shall
be allowed to request approval by the purchaser of modified
designs which differ from the designs in Section 7, or special
designs for sizes and loads other than those shown in Tables 1
and 2.
NOTE 3—Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment movement
or stockpiling of material over or adjacent to a box structure, can induce
higher loads than those used for the structure’s final design. These
construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel
areas in the box are larger than those the box will experience in the final
installation condition. The design engineer should take into consideration
the potential for higher loads induced by construction procedures in
determining the final design of the box structure.
7.3 Placement of Reinforcement—The cover of concrete
over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 25 mm, subject
to the provisions of Section 11. The inside circumferential
reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the joint
and the outside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into
the groove portion of the joint. The clear distance of the end
circumferential wires shall be not less than 13 mm nor more
than 50 mm from the ends of the box section. Reinforcement
shall be assembled utilizing any combination of single or
multiple layers of welded-wire fabric. A common reinforce-
ment unit may be utilized for both As2 (or As3) and As4, and
also for both As7 (or As8) and As1, with the largest area
requirement governing, bending the reinforcement 90° at the
corners and waiving the extension requirements of Fig. 3 (see
Fig. 5). When a single cage of multiple circumferential steel
areas is used for As2(or As3) and As4 reinforcement, the slab or
wall requiring the larger steel area shall have this additional
circumferential steel extending for the full length of the slab or
 C 1433M

FIG. 2 Section A-A Top and Bottom Slab Joint Reinforcement

FIG. 3 Detail Inner Reinforcement

FIG. 5 Detailed Reinforcement Arrangement

tial reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap

measured between the outermost longitudinal wires of each
fabric sheet shall not be less than the spacing of the longitu-
dinal wires plus 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. If As1 is
extended and connected, welded splices shall be allowed in the
connection. When used, As7 and As8 shall be lapped with As1 as
shown in Figs. 5 and 6 and shall be allowed to be connected by
welding. As4 shall be allowed to be lapped and welded at any
location or connected by welding at the corners to As2 and As3.

FIG. 4 Detail Option (see Fig. 3)

wall. The welded-wire fabric shall be composed of circumfer-

ential and longitudinal wires meeting the spacing requirements
of 7.4 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending
through the box section to maintain the shape and position of
reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be
welded-wire fabric or deformed billet-steel bars and shall meet
the spacing requirements of 7.4. The ends of the longitudinal
distribution reinforcement shall not be more than 2 in. from the
ends of the box section. The exposure of the ends of longitu-
dinals, stirrups, and spacers used to position the reinforcement
shall not be a cause for rejection.
7.4 Laps, Welds, and Spacing—Splices in the circumferen- FIG. 6 Detail Option

11
 C 1433M
The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires shall
not be less than 50 mm nor more than 100 mm. The spacing
center to center of the longitudinal wires shall not be more than
200 mm.
8. Joints
8.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sections shall be
produced with tongue and groove ends. The ends shall be of
such design and the ends of the box sections so formed that the
sections can be laid together to make a continuous line of box
sections compatible with the permissible variations given in
Section 11.
8.2 Outer cage circumferential reinforcement as shown in
Figs. 1 and 2 shall be placed in the top and bottom slabs at the
groove portion of the joint when As1 is not continuous over the
span. The minimum area of such reinforcement in square
millimeters per linear meter of box section length shall be the
same as the areas specified for As4 in Tables 1 and 2.
9. Manufacture
9.1 Mixture—The aggregates shall be sized, graded, propor-
tioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious
materials and water as will produce a homogeneous concrete
mixture of such quality that the pipe will conform to the test
and design requirements of this specification. All concrete shall
have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53
by weight. Cementitious materials shall be as specified in 6.2
and shall be added to the mix in a proportion not less than 280
kg/m3 unless mix designs with a lower cementitious materials
content demonstrate that the quality and performance of the
pipe meet the requirements of this specification.
9.2 Curing—The box sections shall be cured for a sufficient
length of time so that the concrete will develop the specified
compressive strength in 28 days or less. Any one of the
following methods of curing or combinations thereof shall be
allowed to be used:
9.2.1 Steam Curing—The box sections shall be allowed to
be low pressure, steam-cured by a system that will maintain a
moist atmosphere.
9.2.2 Water Curing—The box sections shall be allowed to
be water-cured by any method that will keep the sections moist.
9.2.3 Membrane Curing—A sealing membrane conforming
to the requirements of Specification C 309 may be applied and
shall be left intact until the required concrete compressive
strength is attained. The concrete temperature at the time of
application shall be within 6°C of the atmospheric temperature.
All surfaces shall be kept moist prior to the application of the
compounds and shall be damp when the compound is applied.
9.3 Forms—The forms used in manufacture shall be suffi-
ciently rigid and accurate to maintain the box section dimen-
sions within the permissible variations given in Section 11. All
casting surfaces shall be of smooth nonporous material.
9.4 Handling—Handling devices or holes shall be permitted
in each box section for the purpose of handling and laying.
10. Physical Requirements
10.1 Type of Test Specimen—Compression tests for deter-
mining concrete compressive strength shall be allowed to be
made on either standard rodded concrete cylinders or concrete
12
cylinders compacted and cured in like manner as the box
sections, or on cores drilled from the box section.
10.2 Compression Testing of Cylinders:
10.2.1 Cylinders shall be obtained and tested for compres-
sive strength in accordance with the provisions of Practice
C 31/C 31M and Test Method C 39, except that the cylinders
may be prepared by methods comparable to those used to
consolidate and cure the concrete in the actual box section
manufactured. Cylindrical specimens of sizes other than 150
by 300 mm may be used provided all other requirements of
Practice C 31/C 31M are met. If the concrete is of a consis-
tency too stiff for compaction by rodding or internal vibration,
the alternate method described in Section II of Test Methods
C 497M may be used. Cylinders shall be exposed to the same
curing conditions as the manufactured box sections and shall
remain with the sections until tested.
10.2.2 Prepare not less than three test cylinders from each
concrete mix used within a group (one day’s production) of
box sections.
10.2.3 Acceptability on the Basis of Cylinder Test Results:
10.2.3.1 When the average compressive strength of all
cylinders tested is equal to or greater than the design concrete
strength, not more than 10 % of the cylinders tested have a
compressive strength less than the design concrete strength,
and no cylinder tested has a compressive strength less than
80 % of the design concrete strength, the lot shall be accepted.
10.2.3.2 When the compressive strength of the cylinders
tested does not conform to the acceptance criteria stated in
10.2.3.1, the acceptability of the lot shall be determined in
accordance with the provisions of 10.3.
10.3 Compression Testing of Cores:
10.3.1 Cores shall be obtained and tested for compressive
strength in accordance with the provisions of Test Methods
C 497M.
10.3.2 One core shall be cut from a section selected at
random from each group of 15 box sections or fraction thereof,
of a single size from each continuous production run.
10.3.3 Acceptability by Core Tests:
10.3.3.1 The compressive strength of the concrete in each
group of box sections defined in 10.1 is acceptable when
concrete compressive strength of the core is equal to or greater
than 80 % of the specified strength of the concrete.
10.3.3.2 When the compressive strength of the core tested is
less than 80 % of the design concrete strength, the box section
from which that core was taken may be recored. When the
compressive strength of the recore is equal to or greater than
80 % of the specified strength of the concrete, the compressive
strength of the concrete in that group of box sections is
acceptable.
10.3.3.3 When the compressive strength of any recore is
less than 80 % of the specified strength of the concrete, the box
section from which the core was taken shall be rejected. Two
box sections from the remainder of the group shall be selected
at random and one core shall be taken from each. If the
compressive strength of either of the two cores tested is less
than 80 % of the specified strength of the concrete, the
remainder of the group of box sections shall be rejected, or, at
the option of the manufacturer, each box section of the
 C 1433M
remainder of the group shall be cored and accepted individu-
ally, and any of these box sections that have cores with less
than 80 % of the specified strength of the concrete shall be
rejected.
10.4 Plugging Core Holes—The core holes shall be plugged
and sealed by the manufacturer in a manner such that the box
section will meet all of the test requirements of this specifica-
tion. Box sections so sealed shall be considered as satisfactory
for use.
10.5 Test Equipment—Every manufacturer furnishing box
sections under this specification shall furnish all facilities and
personnel necessary to carry out the tests required.
11. Permissible Variations
11.1 Internal Dimensions—The internal dimension shall not
vary more than 1 % from the design dimensions. The haunch
dimensions shall not vary more than 6 mm from the design
dimensions.
11.2 Slab and Wall Thickness—The slab and wall thickness
shall not be less than that shown in the design by more than
5 % or 5 mm, whichever is greater. A thickness more than that
required in the design shall not be a cause for rejection.
11.3 Length of Opposite Surfaces—Variations in laying
lengths of two opposite surfaces of the box section shall not be
more than 10 mm/m of internal span, with a maximum of 16
mm for all sizes through 2100 mm internal span, and a
maximum of 19 mm for internal spans greater than 2100 mm,
except where beveled ends for laying of curves are specified by
the purchaser.
11.4 Length of Section—The underrun in length of a section
shall not be more than 10 mm/m of length with a maximum of
13 mm in any box section.
11.5 Position of Reinforcement—The maximum variation in
the position of the reinforcement for 125 mm or less slab and
wall thickness shall be 6 10 mm, and for greater than 125 mm
slab and wall thickness shall be 6 13 mm. In no case, however,
shall the cover over the reinforcement be less than 16 mm, as
measured to the internal surface or the external surface except
the cover over the reinforcement for the external surface of the
top slab for boxes with under 6 m of cover shall not be less than
40 mm. The preceding minimum cover limitation does not
apply at the mating surfaces of the joint.
11.6 Area of Reinforcement—The areas of steel reinforce-
ment shall be the design steel areas as shown in Tables 1 and
2. Steel areas greater than those required shall not be cause for
rejection. The permissible variation in diameter of any wire in
finished fabric shall conform to the tolerances prescribed for
the wire before fabrication by either Specification A 82 or
A 496 as applicable. If steel bars (Grade 60) are used in lieu of
welded wire fabric, the steel areas presented in Tables 1 and 2
shall be increased to account for the difference in steel yield
13
strength, steel spacing, concrete cover, and crack control
between the welded wire fabric and steel bars.
11.7 Haunch Dimensions—The minimum vertical and hori-
zontal dimensions shall be equal to the slab thickness. Haunch
configurations greater than those specified in Tables 1 and 2
shall be permitted, provided no reductions are made to the
required steel areas.
12. Repairs
12.1 Box sections shall be repaired, if necessary, because of
imperfections in manufacture or handling damage and will be
acceptable if, in the opinion of the purchaser, the repaired box
section conforms to the requirements of this specification.
13. Inspection
13.1 The quality of materials, the process of manufacture,
and the finished box sections shall be subject to inspection by
the purchaser.
14. Rejection
14.1 Box sections shall be subject to rejection on account of
failure to conform to any of the specification requirements.
Individual box sections shall be allowed to be rejected because
of any of the following:
14.1.1 Fractures or cracks passing through the wall, except
for a single end crack that does not exceed the depth of the
joint,
14.1.2 Defects that indicate mixing and molding not in
compliance with 9.1, or honeycombed or open texture that
would adversely affect the function of the box sections,
14.1.3 Abnormalities in the ends of the box sections to the
walls and center line of the box section, within the limits of
variations given in Section 11, except where beveled ends are
specified, or
14.1.4 Damaged ends, where such damage would prevent
making a satisfactory joint.
15. Marking
15.1 The following information shall be legibly marked on
each box section by indentation, waterproof paint, or other
approved means:
15.1.1 Box section span, rise, table number, maximum and
minimum design earth cover, and specification designation,
15.1.2 Date of manufacture, and
15.1.3 Name or trademark of the manufacturer.
15.2 Each section shall be clearly marked by indentation on
either the inner or outer surface during the process of manu-
facture so that the location of the top will be evident immedi-
ately after the forms are stripped. In addition, the word “top”
shall be lettered with waterproof paint on the inside top
surface.
 C 1433M
APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. DESIGN CRITERIA USED TO DEVELOP TABLES 1 AND 2

X1.1 Bedding and Backfill Assumptions:
X1.1.1 The bedding is assumed to provide a slightly yield-
ing, uniformly distributed support over the bottom width of the
box section.
X1.1.2 The design earth covers and reinforcement areas are
based on the weight of a column of earth over the width of the
box section multiplied by a soil-structure interaction factor (see
Table X1.1).
X1.2 Criteria for Loads:
X1.2.1 Design loads are based on the American Association
of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, Eighteenth edi-
tion, 1997.
X1.2.2 Live loads for designs given in Table 1 are HS20
loadings as defined in the AASHTO specifications. Live loads
for designs given in Table 2 are interstate loadings as defined
in U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads Circular
Memorandum 22-40, 22 April 1957.7 Impact allowances are in
7
Available from U.S. Department of Commerce,
accordance with AASHTO specifications. For box sections
with greater than 600 mm of cover, wheel loads are distributed
over a width of [1200 mm + 0.06H 3 (span minus one
haunch)], in millimetres, perpendicular to the span by use of
longitudinal distribution reinforcement in top and bottom of
top slab. Live loads are applied parallel to the span as
concentrated point loads. Box section with 2 ft or more of
cover have the live load applied as a concentrated point load on
the surface and distributed over a length equal to 1.75 H in
each direction. The maximum distribution in the direction
perpendicular to the span for each wheel load is one 1.8–m lane
width. This is equivalent to assuming the maximum wheel
loads occur simultaneously in each lane. Live loads are applied
for all depths and are not cut off at any preset depth.
X1.2.3 Cover loads for designs given in Tables 1 and 2 are
the weight of a column of earth of a width equal to the outside
width dimension of the box section and a height equal to the
depth of cover over the top of the section multiplied by the
maximum soil/structure interaction factor of 1.15 for embank-
ment installations.
X1.2.4 Lateral earth pressure from weight of earth above
and adjacent to a box section is taken as a minimum of 0.25

TABLE X1.1 Specific Criteria Used for Tables 1 and 2A

Material Properties:
Welded wire fabric, minimum specified yield stress 450 MPa
Deformed bars, minimum specified yield stress 415 MPa
Concrete, minimum specified compressive strength 35 MPa
Soil Data:
Unit weight 1920 kg/m3
Ratio of lateral to vertical pressure from weight to earth 0.50 max to 0.25 min
Additional lateral pressure from approaching truck wheels 33.5 4 H, kPa or 5.5 kPa when H < 0.3 m, where H = earth
cover, m
External water table below box section invert
Soil structure interaction factor 1.15

Capacity reduction factors (from AASHTO Bridge Specifications):

Shear 0.90
Axial compression combined with bending 0.95

Loading Data: d = 1.3

Load factor = d (BDL + BLL) B = 1.0 for D.L.
B = 1.7 for L. L.

Truck axle load:

H2O (Table 1) 14 000 kgf
Interstate (Table 2) 2 @ 10 900 kgf each
Impact (variable with depth) (see AASHTO Bridge Specifications): 0 to 30 %
Uniform internal pressure 0.0
Depth of water in box section equal to inside height
External ground water pressure 0.0
Structural Arrangement:
Concrete cover over steel 25 mm
Top slab 25 mm for fill heights 600 mm and greater, 50 mm for fill
heights under 600 mm
Slab thickness 1⁄12 times inside span plus 25 mm up to 2 mm span, 1⁄12inside

span above 2 mm span

Side wall thickness equal to slab thickness
Haunch dimensions vertical and horizontal dimensions both equal to slab thickness
Minimum reinforcing inside face slabs and side walls, outside face side walls and corners of slabs 0.002 bt
A
The structural arrangement and details are shown in Fig. 1.

14
 C 1433M
times the vertical pressure, and an additional 0.25 times
vertical pressure is added when determining steel areas only
when areas are increased by such increased lateral pressure.
For Tables 1 and 2, additional lateral pressure in kPa from
approaching truck wheel loads is taken as 33.5 divided by
depth of earth cover in mm, or 38.3 where depth to surface is
less than 300 mm, and is added when determining steel areas
only at sections where area is increased by increased lateral
pressure.
X1.3 Methods of Analysis—The structural effects of the
loads described in X1.2 are evaluated based on the elastic
method of structural analysis. Design moments, shears, and
trusts are determined by computer analysis using the stiffness
matrix method, and design is based on maximum stress
resultants at critical sections caused by the most severe
combination of design loads.
X1.4 Method of Design:
X1.4.1 Box section design is based on load factor design
provisions given in AASHTO Specifications for Bridges,.
Reinforcement areas are governed by either service live load
fatigue stress limitation of 145 MPa, or service total load stress
limitation of 250 MPa, or ultimate total load yield stress
limitation of 450 MPa using a capacity reduction factor of 0.95
for flexure and axial compression, 0.90 for shear. Service load
stress shall not be greater than permitted in the AASHTO
Specifications for Bridges. This requirement does not govern
the design of box section reinforcement with welded wire
15
fabric circumferential reinforcement with a maximum spacing
of 100 mm. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement called for
in Tables 1 and 2 for top slab inside face is in accordance with
distribution reinforcement formulas given in AASHTO speci-
fication for bridge decks and shall be either welded wire fabric
or deformed Grade 60 bars.
X1.4.2 Some box section designs shown in Tables 1 and 2
have minimum practical steel area requirements. For such
designs, the steel areas calculated for support of design loads
are less than the minimum steel area which is specified for
slabs in AASHTO specification, 0.002 bt, and thus, the
minimum reinforcement areas are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
X1.4.3 For specific criteria used in Tables 1 and 2, refer to
Table X1.1.
X1.4.4 The maximum height of earth cover shown in Tables
1 and 2 is determined by the shear strength of the box section
without the use of special shear reinforcement and by the
standard weight of the column of earth directly above the box
section multiplied by the soil structure interaction factor.
X1.5 Multiple Cell Installations—The designs given herein
are for single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections. The
units shall be allowed to be used in parallel for multicell
installations if means of positive lateral bearing by continuous
contact between the sides of adjacent boxes are provided.
Compacted earth fill, granular backfill, flowable fill, or grout-
ing between the units are considered means of providing such
positive bearing.
 C 1433M

FIG. X1.1 Axle Loads for Box Section Standard Designs

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