The history of accounting is thousands of years old and can be traced to ancient civilizations.

[12][13][14]
The early development of accounting dates back to ancient Mesopotamia, and is closely related to developments in writing, counting and money; [12]
there is
also evidence of early forms of bookkeeping in ancient Iran, [15][16]
and early auditing systems by the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians. By the time of Emperor Augustus, the Roman government had access to detailed financial information.
[13] [17]

Double-entry bookkeeping was pioneered in the Jewish community of the early-medieval Middle East [18][19]
and was further refined in medieval Europe. With the development of joint-stock companies, accounting split into financial accounting and
[20]

management accounting.

The first work on a double-entry bookkeeping system was published in Italy, by Luca Pacioli ("Father of Accounting"). [21][22]
Accounting began to transition into an organized profession in the nineteenth century, with local professional bodies in England
[23]

merging to form the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales in 1880. [24]