I

4
 The Concise
Oxford Dictionary
of Current English

Adapted by
H. W. FOWLER and F. G. FOWLER
Authors of 'The King's English'

from

The Oxford Dictionary

SEVENTH IMPRESSION

Oxford
At the Clarendon Press
1919
 It''?

OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

LONDON EDINBURGH GLASGOW NEW YOBK
TORONTO MELBOURNE CAPE TOWN BOMBAY
HUMPHREY MILFORD
PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY
 ;

PREFACE x

THE steady advance towards

English Dictionary has made
completion of the great Oxford
possible for the Delegates of the
it
Clarendon Press to authorize the preparation and issue of this book,
which in its own province and on its own scale uses the materials and
follows the methods by which the Oxford editors have revolution-
ized lexicography. The book is designed as a dictionary, and not
as an encyclopaedia that is, the uses of words and phrases as such
;

are its subject matter, and it is concerned with giving information

about the things for which those words and phrases stand only so
far as correct use of the words depends upon knowledge of the
things. The degree of this dependence varies greatly with the
kind of word treated, the difference between cyclopaedic and dic-
tionary treatment varies with it, and the line of distinction is
accordingly a fluctuating and dubious one. It is to the endeavour to
discern and keep to this line that we attribute whatever peculiarities
we are conscious of in this dictionary as compared with others of the
same size. One of these peculiarities is the large amount of space
given to the common words that no one goes through the day with-
out using scores or hundreds of times, often disposed of in a line or
two on the ground that they are plain and simple and that every one
knows all about them by the light of nature, but in fact entangled
with other words in so many alliances and antipathies during their
perpetual knocking about the world that the idiomatic use of them
is far from easy chief among such words are the prepositions, the
;

conjunctions, the pronouns, and such simple nouns and verbs as

'
'

hand and way, go andpwf. Another peculiarity is the use, copious

for so small a dictionary, of illustrative sentences as a necessary
supplement to definition when a word has different senses between
which the distinction is fine, or when a definition is obscure and
unconvincing until exemplified these sentences often are, but still
;

more often are not, quotations from standard authors; they are
meant to establish the sense of the definition by appeal not to ex-
ternal authority, but to the reader's own consciousness, and there-
fore their source, even when authoritative, is not named. A third
and a fourth peculiarity are the direct results of the preceding ones
if common words are to be treated at length, and their uses to be
copiously illustrated, space must be saved both by the curtest
1 The remarks likely
to be needed for reference on pronunciation, inflexion, &c, will
be found facing the letter A on the page before these remarks is a list of the abbrevia-
;

tions used in the Dictionary.

4347oO
iv PREFACE
possible treatment of all that are either uncommon or fitter for the
encyclopaedia than the dictionary, and by the severest economy of
— —
expression amounting to the adoption of telegraphese that readers
can be expected to put up with.
In attaching this great importance to illustration, by the need of
which the relative length of articles, and our manner of expressing
ourselves on every page, are governed, we are merely acting, with the
exaggeration imposed on us by our limited space, upon the principles
of the O.E.D. That may be said to be the first dictionary for which
the ideal procedure has been possible, that is, the approaching of
each article with an open mind and a collection of examples large
enough to be exhaustive, and the extraction from these of classified
—
senses the first dictionary, to put it another way, in which quota-
tions have served not merely to adorn or convince, but as the
—
indispensable raw material. This procedure first the collection of
sentences from all possible sources as raw material, and then the
—
independent classification we have often followed even in that
—
part of our book (A R) in which the O.E.D. with senses already
,

classified and definitions provided, was before us, treating its articles
rather as quarries to be drawn upon than as structures to be repro-
—
duced in little and in the later part (S Z), where we had no longer
;

the O.E.D. to depend upon, it has been our practice still more often;
for many of the more difficult (i.e. especially the common and
4
simple ') words, we have collected the quotations given in the best
modern dictionaries (the Imperial, the Century, the Standard,
Cassell's Encyclopaedic, Webster, &c), added to these what we
could get either from other external sources or from our own heads,
and then framed our articles, often without reference to the arrange-
ment that we found in any of our authorities. Proceeding in this
manner, it was almost inevitable that we should be very much alive
to the inadequacy of mere definition and the need of constant illus-
tration. That our examples have some general tendency to the
colloquial, and include many usages for which room has not been
found in dictionaries many times as large as this, is in harmony
with our design of on the one hand restricting ourselves for the
most part to current English, and on the other hand omitting
nothing to which that description may fairly be applied.

VOCABULARY
The words, or meant to be such only
senses of words, given are
as are current ;
'
current an elastic term we might,
', however, is ;

but we do not, stretch it to include all words and senses used by

Shakspere or in the Bible, on the ground that the whole of Shak-
spere and the whole of the Bible are still commonly read thus the ;
 PREFACE
archaic senses of addition (title), buxom (pliant), owe (own), sad
(serious), sort (suit), and the archaic words shend (scold), wood
(mad), familiar as they are to readers of Elizabethan literature, are
not given. We do stretch it to include many words and senses that
are fossilized, having in themselves no life or capacity for further
development, but kept extant by being enshrined in perhaps a single
proverb or phrase that is still in use of this sort are coil (confusion),
;

preserved by 'shuffled off this mortal coil', and scotch (wound),

preserved by we have scotched the snake, not killed it '.
'

Again, of the many thousands of old or new scientific and

technical terms that have a limited currency some are carried by
accident into the main stream of the language and become known
temporarily or permanently, vaguely or precisely, to all ordinarily
well-informed members of the modern newspaper-reading public.
For the purposes of a dictionary that is not to be bulky and yet is to
give a fuller treatment than is usual in dictionaries of its size to the
undoubtedly current words forming the staple of the language,
selection among these intruders is a difficult but very necessary
task. The most that can be hoped for is that every one conversant
with any special vocabulary may consider us, though sadly deficient
on his subject, fairly copious on others the meaning of many
;

learned words that have been omitted as having no pretence to

general currency may easily be gathered by reference first to the
stem, which is often the subject of an article, or to another word of
which the stem is clearly the same, and secondly to the suffix.
In another class of words and senses the test of currency has led
us to diverge in the opposite direction from the practice usual in
dictionaries of this size ; if we give fewer scientific and technical
terms, we admit colloquial, facetious, slang, and vulgar expressions
with freedom, merely attaching a cautionary label when a well-
;

established usage of this kind is omitted, it is not because we

consider it beneath the dignity of lexicography to record it, but
because, not being recorded in the dictionaries from which our
word-list is necessarily compiled, it has escaped our notice we have
;

not, however, consulted slang dictionaries nor made any attempt at

completeness in this respect.

SPELLING
The spelling adopted is for the most part, but not invariably, that
of the O.E.D. For instance, the verbs that contain the suffix -ize
(which see), and their derivatives in -ization &c, are all given
without the alternative forms in -ise &c, although these are still
the commoner in British (as opposed to American) printing but ;

such generally established spellings as judgment, rhyme, axe, have

 —
vi PREFACE
not been excluded in favour of the judgement, rime, ax, preferred by
the O.E.D., but are retained at least as alternatives having the right
to exist. In dealing with verbs such as level, rivet, bias, whose
parts and derivatives are variously spelt, the final consonant being
often doubled with no phonetic or other significance, we have as far
as possible fallen in with the present tendency, which is to drop the
useless letter, but stopped short of recognizing forms that at present
strike every reader as Americanisms; thus we write riveted, riveter,
but not traveling, traveler. On another point of varying usage
the insertion of a mute e in derivatives in -able, -age, -ish, &c, to
indicate the 'long' sound of the stem vowel (likable or likeable,
—
milage or mileage, latish or lateish) we have thought ourselves
justified in taking a bolder line, and have consistently omitted the
-e- it is against all analogy (or why not smileing, Romeish, doteage,
;

tideal, indescribeable, desireable, exciteable ?), it is used chiefly in

words not familiar or important enough to have their form respected
as established, it obscures the different and more valuable use by
which a soft g or c is indicated as in manageable and serviceable, and
it tempts bad spellers to such monstrosities as unpalateable, loveable,
and moveable. In words of the type ardour, colour, favour, where
the O.E.D. recognizes both -our and -or, we have excluded the
latter as being (except in particular words like horror and torpor, in
which it is usually the only form) entirely non- British. Words in
which -y- has intruded itself without completely dispossessing a
more correct -i-, as sylvan, tyro, tyre, we have given with the -i-
form either alone or placed first. In stating the plural of words in
-o, we have found it impossible to draw any satisfactory line
between the words that prefer -os and those that prefer -oes it may
;

perhaps be laid down that on the one hand words of which the
plural is very commonly used, as potato, have almost invariably
-oes, and on the other hand words still felt to be foreign or of
abnormal form, as soprano, chromo for chromolithograph, have
almost invariably -os of many other words it may be said with
;

confidence that they use one form only (cf punctilios, noes)
. but;

the majority fluctuate, and we have not seen our way to doing
otherwise. We have also to admit that after trying hard at an
early stage to arrive at some principle that should teach us when to
separate, when to hyphen, and when to unite the parts of com-
pound words, we had to abandon the attempt as hopeless, and
welter in the prevailing chaos.
 PREFACE vii

PRONUNCIATION
When the pronunciation of a word is not sufficiently determined
by the placing of the stress-mark or by vowel quantities, further
information follows in round brackets. The phonetic values of the
are
letters employed in these, and the use of the stress-mark,
explained on the page facing the letter A.
Derivatives are to be understood, unless the contraiy is indicated,
as following the pronunciation of the main word under which they
are given or to which they are referred in the etymological note.
The pronunciation of many words is omitted on the assumption
that the reader is already familiar with the normal values of some
letters and combinations. The hard sounds of th and s, and the
sounds of c (s) and g (3) before i, e, and y, are recorded only for
special purposes; a vowel that is short before two consonants or
a single final consonant, or long before a single consonant followed
by e mute, is not usually marked; and the pronunciation of the
suffix -ation (-ashn) and of the a in path &c. (-ah-, -a-) is not given.
To some suffixes no less familiar than -ation pronunciation is
added in view of certain ignorant or pedantic tendencies. The
pleasant fiction that cottage is pronounced kotaj, though still pre-
valent in dictionaries, has perhaps never deceived any one; but
we have all heard furniture (-tur), knowledge (no-), and often (-t-).
Against these and other results of the undue influence of spelling
warnings are freely given.
In the choice or rejection of alternative pronunciations the O.E.D.
has always been consulted, but is not always followed.

ORDER OF SENSES
From the order in which the senses of a word are here given no
inference must be drawn as to their historical or other relations, the
arrangement being freely varied according to the requirements or
possibilities of the particular word. Sense- development cannot
always be convincingly presented without abundant quotation from
authorities, and the historical order is further precluded by the
uniform omission of obsolete senses. Occasionally, when a rare but
still current sense throws light on the commoner senses that follow
or forms the connecting link with the etymology, it has been placed
at the beginning but more commonly the order adopted has been
;

that of logical connexion or of comparative familiarity or im-

portance.
 ;

viii PREFACE

ETYMOLOGY
Etymology is given in square brackets at the 3nd of each article.
Words of Teutonic origin are illustrated by all or some of the
forms found in cognate languages. With words that have passed
through several languages on their way to English, the forms taken
in successive languages are recorded in full, with the following
exceptions. (1) When OF or the like at the beginning of the etymo-
logy is not followed by the old French form written in full, it is
because the latter is identical in spelling with the English or differs
from it only in some unimportant detail specified in brackets.
(2) The Latin form of a Greek word is usually omitted, and is to be
inferred according to the rules of transliteration given below. Thus
(under pleonasm) f L f Gk pleonasmos is to be read ' f L
'
. .
'
.

pleonasmus f. Gk pleonasmos\ A similar omission of a word in

any other language implies absolute identity of form.
Greek words are written with the corresponding English letters
($> X' +> Pi pp\=P n kh, ps, rh, rrh, and a, tj, w,=ai, ei, 6i), and not
>

according to the Latin transliteration, the rules for which are as

follows: Greek k= Latin c; ai=ae; ou=u; u (exc. in diphthongs)
= = = =
y ei i or e oi oe (but in nom. pi. i) g (before g or k) n also,
; ;
;
= ;

-6s (nom. masc), -6n,=±-us, -um; -es, -e, (1st decl. nom.)=-a; -on
=
(nom.)=-o; -6s (genit.) -is; -a (accus. sing. masc. or fern. ) -em. =
French nouns of Latin origin are with few exceptions derived
from the Latin accusative but the Latin nominative is here given
;

except when (e.g. in words in -atio) a change of stress is involved.

Greek i\ (e) and w (6), and the e of Latin infinitives of 2nd conj.
(-ere, -eri), are regularly marked long. The accented letters (a, sb,
&c.) in forms quoted from Old English or other Teutonic languages
are long.
F, G, &c, must not be taken to imply that the word to which
they are prefixed is current, or is so spelt, in the modern language
nor does it follow from a word's being given as OF that it is obsolete.
The etymology often contains references in small capitals to
words and suffixes.
Hence introduces one or more of the direct derivatives of the word
treated whence introduces such derivatives under a particular sense
;

to which they are restricted so introduces words derived from

;

another language hence or cogn. whence or cogn. introduce groups

; , ,

of partly English and partly foreign derivation. The suffixes of

such derivatives are commonly printed in small capitals, and are
thus referred to the suffix article in its alphabetical place. The
numbers enclosed in brackets indicate subdivisions of the suffix
 PREFACE ix

article, and are often used to distinguish among the possible senses
of the derivative word those in which it is chiefly current.
The element of a Latin or other compound word is .often
first
referred to a prefix article, and the remainder treated separately
within brackets; meanings given within the bracket belong to the
simple word, those of the compound being added if necessaiy outside
it. Thus convene is [f. F convenir f. L C0T$(venire vent- come)
assemble, agree, fit]. The stem vent- and the senses agree, fit, are
here added for the purposes of convention and convenience, which
are referred to convene. The first element of a Greek compound
similarly treated is sometimes written according to the current
(Latin) transliteration, to facilitate reference to the prefix article;
Greek kakoepeia, under cacoepy, accordingly appears as CACO{epeia).
Certain similar devices for saving needless repetition will, it is
believed, explain themselves.
The etymology of all words from A
to R was drawn in the first
instance from the O.E.D., but was occasionally modified after
reference to Prof. Skeat's Etymological Dictionary (Clarendon
Press, 4th edition, 1910). From S to Z Prof. Skeat's work has
been our main authority, the Century and other dictionaries being
consulted for the words that he omits.

REFERENCE BY SMALL CAPITALS

The use of small capitals for etymological purposes is explained
above.
In the same way reference is made
(1) from the word treated to another word for the purpose of
contrast, distinction, correlation, or the like. Of this kind are the
references from slander to libel and scandal, from creationism to
evolution and vice versa, and from tenon to mortise and vice versa.
(2) from any member of a group to the word under which the
group is collected or further explained. Ruby (print.) is in this
way referred to type order (nat. hist.) to class
; and the iron 1
;
1
,

golden, and silver ages to brazen \

(3) from one or more words of a proverb or the like to that under
which alone the proverb is explained. Play and drake 2 contain l

such references to duck l flesh and herring to fish \

,

(4) from a compound of the word treated to its other component

for explanation. The sign ( = ) prefixed to such a reference indicates
that the simple word treated is itself used in the sense of the com-
pound. Thus, under pie sea-pie is merely referred (sea.-j>.) to sea,
1
,

but magpie, besides being referred to the article magpie, is recorded

(= magpie) as one of the senses of pie.
 ;

PREFACE

ABBREVIATIONS
In any article, when the word treated in it is to be quoted or
mentioned, its initial letter followed by a period is used instead
of the whole word this stands only for the exact form that heads
;

the article e.g., in the verb love, I. means love (verb or noun),
;

but not loving, loved, &c. the plural of nouns is represented by

;

doubling the letter e.g., in extreme, nut, ee., nn., mean extremes,
;

nuts in the part of an article obviously restricted to a derivative

;

the letter may stand for that derivative e.g., representation, given
;

in the article represent, is followed by a bracket in which r. stands

not for represent, but for representation in the part of an article
;

restricted to a compound, the hyphened initials of the two parts are

used e.g., when in doing ground-floor under the article ground the
;

phrase get in on the ground-floor is to be explained in a bracket,

g.-f. is used for ground-floor.
Of other abbreviations, a list including all that are not either too
obvious to need explanation or generally current (and accordingly
to be found in the abbreviation lists given in the first article of each
letter of the alphabet) follows on the opposite page. In this list,
three points require mention (1) the appending of &c. means that
:

the abbreviation stands for derivatives or inflexions as well as for

the simple word given e.g., metaphor &c. means metaphor, meta-
;

phorical, or metaphorically explain &c. means explain, explains,

;

explained, explaining, or explanation this system is used also with

;

abbreviations omitted as obvious thus adv. stands not only for

;

adverb, but also for adverbial and adverbially (2) abbreviations of

;

nouns, such as ex. (example), prep, (preposition), are often used

with the last letter doubled (exx.,prepp.) as plurals it has not been ;

thought necessary to give these plural forms except in one-letter

abbreviations (aa., nn.); similar plurals occur for forms that have
been omitted as obvious iadjj. for adjectives &c); (3) abbreviations
given in the list with initial capital have always the capital in use
but those given with initial small letter have either form according
to circumstances similarly, though the list is all in Roman type,
;

the abbreviations are sometimes for reasons not affecting their sense
printed in italics.

June, 1911
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
a., adjective F, French p.p., past or passive parti-
aa., adjectives f., from ciple
abl., ablative facet., facetious &c. Pr., Proven ;iA
abs., absolute &c. fig., figurative &c. pr., pronounce &c.
ace, according, accusative foil., (the) following (word) prec, (the) preceding (word).
AF, Anglo-French found., founding pred., predicate &c.
alch., alchemy &c. Fr., French pref., prefix
alius., allusive &c. freq(uent)., frequentative prep., preposition
anal., analogy &c. &c. pres., present
ant., antiquities Fris., Frisian prob., probable 8r.c.
arch., architecture &c. pron., pronoun &c, pro-
Ass., Assyrian G, German nounce &c.
assim., assimilate &c. gen., general &c, genitive prop., proper, properly
assoc, associated &c. Gk, Greek pros., prosody &c.
astr(on)., astronomy &c. gr., grammar &c. Pro v., Provencal
astrol., astrology &c. pro v., proverb &e, pro-
attrib., attributive &c. Hind., Hindi, Hindustani vincial &c.
augment., augmentative hist., history, historical &c.
&c. hort., horticulture &c. R.-C, Roman-Catholic
ref., reference
b., born i.,intransitive refash., refashioned &c
back-form., back-formation imit., imitative &c. refl., reflexive &c.
bibl., biblical &c. ind., indicative, indirect rel., relative
Boh., Bohemian inf., infinitive repr., represent &c.
Bret., Breton inn., influence &c. Rom., Roman, Romance
instr., instrumental (case)
c, century, circiter int., interjection
cc, centuries intr., intransitive s., singular
cl.,classical Sc, Scotch
cogn., cognate joe, jocose &c. sci., science &c.
colloq., colloquial &c. sent., sentence
comb., combination &c. L, Latin Skr., Ganskrit
comp., composition, com- LG, Low German somet, sometimes
parative lit., literal, literally stem
st.,
compd, compound LL, late Latin subj., subject &c, subjunc-
compl.,complement tive
compp., compounds ME, middle English (1200- suf., suffix
conj., conjunction, conju- 1500) sup., superlative
gation med., medicine &c. surv., surveying
conn., connect &c. mcd. L, medieval Latin Sw., Swedish
constr., construct &c. mctaph., metaphor &c.
contr., contraction &c. MHG, middle high German t., transitive
cop., copulative min., mineralogy term., termination
Corn., Cornish thr., through
correl., correlative &c. n., noun trans., transitive &c.
neg., negative &c. transf., in transferred sense
d., died nn., nouns transl., translation &c.
Da., Danish nom., nominative translit., transliteration
dat., dative N.T., New Testament typ., typography
deriv., derivative &c. num., numeral
dial., dialectal
ult., ultimately
d iff., different O, old (with languages) unexpl., unexplained
different., differentiate &c. obj., object &c.
U.S., United States
dim., diminutive &c. obs., obsolete
usu., usual, usually
dissim., dissimilate &c. occ(as)., occasional &c.
Du., Dutch OHG, old high German
dub., dubious ON, old Norse v., verb
ONF, old northern French var., variant, various
E, English opp., (as) opposed (to) vbl, verbal
eccl., ecclesiastical &c. opt., optics &c. voc, vocative
ellipt., elliptical &c. ord., ordinary vv., verbs
erron., erroneously orig., origin &c.
eth., ethics &c. O.T., Old Testament W, Welsh
etym., etymology &c. w., with
euphem., euphemism &c. part., present participle WG, West German
ex., example partie, participial
exag., exaggeration &c. path., pathology &c, *, sign affixed to all forms
exc, except phr., phrase not recorded but merely
excl., exclusive &c., excla- pi., plural inferred, with the excep-
mation &c. Pol., Polish tion of those called Aryan
expl., explain &c. pol., politics &c. or OTeut. (all of which
expr., expressing &c. pop., popular &c are inferential)
NOTE ON ACCENT, PRONUNCIATION, INFLEXION, AND
FOREIGN WORDS
ACCENT
Accent is marked by the turned period
("), which is normally placed after the

accented vowel or diphthong (a'etop, allow, a'ccent noun, acce'nt verb, exag-
gepa'tion, exa*g g epatop) two equal accents in one word are both marked (ti*tbi*t)
, ,
; ;

and the is used for the secondary as well as for the main accent in long words where
the former might be doubtful (cir'eumgypa'te, a*biogene*tieally).
But the place of the turned period in syllables whose vowel sound is modified by r or
re is after the whole combination (por'ter, pupe'ly), any possible confusion being
guarded against by the - or ^ (mere'ly, but hepe'tieal). Similarly it stands after
silent consonants (migh'ty, deb'top, blaek'guard), consonants that merely modify
a vowel sound (eal'mness), or e mute following the accented vowel (blue'bell).
Some miscellaneous examples are added :— fo'rest, fore'noon, for'tnight, fore'nsic ;

bar'ring, ba Track; bal'my, ba'lsam arraig'n demes'ne sig'ning, si'gnature; high'er;

; ; ;

Cadme'an; defray; bye'-law; da"ffadowndi*lly ; ca'noniza'tion.

PRONUNCIATION
When necessary, a bracket is placed immediately after a word, with directions for
pronouncing it or some part of it. In these brackets,
(1) Vowel sounds have the value shown by the roman-type letters in :— mate, mete,
viite, mote, mute, moot rack, reck, rick, rock, ruck, rook caw, cow bah, boil.
; ; ;

(2) Vowel-combinations with r (the r is not trilled before a consonant or mute e) are
as follows :—
wiare, mere, mire, move, demure, moor ; dowry ; part, pert, port.
(3) Italicized vowels or vowel-combinations have the indistinct sound shown in
again, moment, admiral, morose, support, certain, connoisseur, comfort, jealous, murder.
(4) Each consonant or consonant-combination has only one sound; the value of
ambiguous or specially used ones is :—
eh as in loch dh as iwdhen = then) g" as in get jasin./e£; x\g a.sin singer ;
; ( ; ; ngg
anin finger n-g" as in un-gardid (=unguarded) p as in rat (and see vowel-combina-
; ;

tions above) ; s as in sister th as in thinketh tsh as in tship (=chip) ;

; as in wit (and
; w
see vowel sounds above) y as in yet zh as in fuzhn (=fusion).
; ;

Letters marked - or w# in the word itself have the same value as in the brackets,
except that e is also used, when there is no danger of confusion, to show that e is not
mute or part of a compound sound so ni"cety, ca'ffeine. ;

INFLEXION
The rules assumed, exceptions to which are noted in a bracket placed after a word's
grammatical description, are as follows :—
1. Verbs add -s in 3rd sing, pres., -ed in past and p.p., -ing in pres. part., -er to form

agent-noun.
2. Verbs and adjectives drop final mute e before -ing, -ed, -er, -est.
3. Before -ed, -ing, -er, -est, -eth, monosyllabic verbs and adjectives double a final
single consonant (except x) if preceded by a single vowel.
4. (a) nouns, (b) adjectives, (c) verbs, in -y preceded by a consonant have (a) plural

-ies, (b) comparative -ier, superlative -iest, adverb -ily, noun -iness, (c) 3rd sing. pres.
-ies, past and p.p. -ied, agent-noun -ier.
5. Nouns in -s, -x, -z, -ch = tsh, and -sh, and some in -o, form plural by adding -es ;

others add -s.

6. Monosyllabic adjectives and disyllables in -y compare in -er, -est ; others with

more, most.
FOREIGN WORDS
Words usually or often printed in italics as either incompletely naturalized or com-
pletely foreign are in sloping type. When either the word itself or any of its sounds
is distinctly un-English, the reader is warned by a bracket containing, instead of pro-
nunciation, the letter or letters standing for the language it belongs to. Otherwise,
pronunciation is given for sloped words to the same extent as for others, but is often
to be taken as merely approximate.
 ENGLISH DICTIONARY
ABASE
A, letter (pi. As, A's, Aes). (Mus.) note, and -a, suf. (1) Nn. f. Gk, L, and Rom. fern, sing.,
the corresponding scale. (In argument) first as idea (Gk), arena, (L), piazza (It.), duenna
imaginary person or case. (Alg.) first known (Sp.), esp. Nat. Hist, terms, ancient or latinized
quantity. (Naut.) Al (a won), first-class ship mod. (hyena, dahlia), geogr. names (Africa),
in Lloyd's register; excellent, best, (colloq.). and names of women, ancient or latinized mod.
(Naut.) JE, thix*d-class ship at Lloyd's. (Lydia, Hilda). (2) Gk and L neut. pi. nouns
Abbreviations (1) ab, A.U.C. (urbe con- (genera, phenomena), esp. names, often f. mod.
:

dita) able,; A.B. (-bodied) acting, as L, of classes of animals (mammalia).

;

A.A.Q.M.G. (assistant quartermaster gen- aard-vapk (ard), n. S. -African quadruped

eral) assistant, as A.A.G. (adjutant general), between armadilloes and ant-eaters,
; [f. Du.
A.Q.M.G. (quartermaster general) adjutant, aarde earth+mrA; pig, cf. OE fearh and L
;

as A.G. (general) aide, A.D.C. (-de-camp)

; porcus pig]
anno, as A.D. (domini), A.H. (hegirae) ante, aapd-wolf (ard), n. S. -African carnivore ;

as a.m. (meridiem) army, as A.S.C. (service between hyenas and civets, [see prec]
;

corps) Associate, as A.R. A. (Royal Academy)

; Aap'on's beard (ar-), n. Kinds of plant,
authorized, A.V. (version). esp. Great St John's wort. [ref. to Ps. cxxxiii.
Abbreviations (2) ab init., ab initio Abp,
: ;

Archbishop a c, account Adm., Admiral

; ; Aar'on's rod (ar-), n. Kinds of plant, esp.
advt, advertisement aet., aetatis Ala., ; ; Great Mullein and Golden Rod. [ref. to Num.
Alabama; Alas., Alaska; Alban., Bishop xvii. 8]
of St Alban's Ariz., Arizona Ark., Arkan-
; ; ab-, pref. Away, from, off, apart, [f. L ab,
sas app., arrives.
;
cf. Gkapo, E of, off, G ab-. In L reduced
a1 , an, a. (sometimes called indefinite article. to a- before p, m, v, changed to au- before /,
Before all consonants except silent h, use a ;
and to abs- before c, t; in F often reduced
a history, a historian, though some still write to a-]
an before h in unaccented syllable, but an aba'ck, adv. Backwards. (Naut.) of square
hour before all vowels except eu, u, use an
: ;
pressed against mast by head wind taken
sails ;

an ulcer, but a unit, a eulogy, also a one. a., of ship w. sails in that state ; (fig.) surprised.
Placed after many, such, what, or any adj. [A2+BACK1]
preceded by how, so, as, too. Used with ap- a'bacus, n. (pi. -ci pr. -si). Calculating-frame
parent plurals of number, a dozen men-a, w. balls sliding on wires, used before adoption
dozen of men also with pi. adjj. few, good
; of the nine figures and zero. (Arch.) upper
many, great many). (Unemphatic substitute member, often square flat slab, of capital, sup-
for) one, some, any one like (a Daniel) ; (after ;
porting architrave. [L abacus f. Gk abaa?
all of, many of, &c.) the same (all of a size) ;
-akos tablet]
(distrib.) each (£U0 a year, where a is orig. = Aba'ddon. Hell the devil (Rev. ix. 11)- ;

foil.), [weakening of OE an one] [Heb. word, destruction (abad he perished)]

a 2, prep. On, to, towards, into, in. Mostly aba'ft (-ahft), adv. &prep. (naut.). In stern
now written as pref., or oftener omitted than half of ship behind. [a2+6o/£=OE be by+OE
;

expressed, or confused w. a 1 On abed, afoot. . : aeftan adv. behind]

To ashore. Towards
: aback, afar, aside. : aba'ndon \ v.t. Give up to another's con-
Into apart, asunder. In now-a-days, twice a
: : trol or mercy yield oneself completely to a
;

day ; w. vbl nouns, passively, a-building, passion or impulse give up (a possession or

;

actively, was (a-) fighting, and esp. w. go, set, habit) forsake (a person, post), [f. OF aban*
;

as he went a begging, they set the bells a ring- doner (a to+bandon jurisdiction, mettre a
ing, [weakening of OE prep, an, on] bajndon meaning to put a person under any
a-, pref. f. various sources. (1) OE ar- or a-, one's, including his own, control)]
away, on, up, out, and so to express intensity, aba'ndon 2 (or as F), n. Careless freedom,
as arise cf. G er-. (2) OE an, on prep.
; see ; letting oneself go. [F see prec] ;

prec. (3) OE of prep., as akin. (4) L ad- to, abandoned, a. Profligate, [p.p. of aban-
either directly, as aspect, or through F a- as don i]
achieve many words derived in the latter way
; aba*ndonee% n. (law). Underwriter to
have been later assimilated to L spelling, as whom salvage of wreck is abandoned, [aban-
a(d)dress, a(g)grieve. (5) L a, ab, from; don ! +
-ee]
directly, as avert, or through F a-, as abridge ;
abandonment, n. Giving up or forsaking
again somet. assimilated to L spelling, as being forsaken ; self-surrender ; careless free-
a(b)stain. (6) L ex- out, utterly, through a- AF dom manner, impulsiveness.
of [f. F aban-
f. OF e-, es-, as amend. (7) Gk a-, an-, not, donnement (abandon *, -ment)]
without ; directly, as amorphous, through L, aba'se, v.t. Lower, humiliate, make base.
as acatalectic, or through L and F, as adamant ; Hence aba'seMENT n. [f. OF abaissier (now
compounded chiefly w. Gk words, but also w. abaisser) (a to + baissier to lower f. LL
others, as a-moral. bassare f. bassus short)]
F.D. 1
ABASH _2 _
AB INITIO
aba'sh, v.t. Put oopntepaooe (chiefly tojt tjt ;
J miss, and therefore the conclusion, is only
in pass.) be confounded. Heact aba'sln- ;
probable, [f. L abductio (prec, -ion)]
ment n. [f. OF esbair astound f. «» --A-(Q)± ubdu'etop, n. Person who abducts another
oaMr cry bah!; see -ish 2 & cf. punch = (also a. muscle) muscle that abducts a limb.
punish] _ [as ABDUCT -OR 2 ] +
aba-sk, adv. In warm light. [a 2 +bask]
,
abea'm (-em), adv. (naut.). On a line at right
aba'te, v.t. & i. Diminish (t. & i.). Do away angles to the ship's length ; a. of us, opposite
with (nuisance) blunt (edge) lower (price) ; ; our centre.jabreast. [a 2 beam] +
deduct (specified or unspecified part of price) a'beeedar'ian (abisi-), a. & n. Arranged
mitigate (violence); weaken (energy). Grow alphabetically, as the 119th Psalm elementary, ;

less (of flood or epidemic). (In law) quash (writ ignorant. Pupil learning the alphabet (com-
or action). So aba'teMENT n. [f. abatre OF mon in U. S. ). [f. med. L abecedarium alphabet
(a to+batre f. batere f. LL
batuere beat)] L (ABCD + -ARIUM) + -AN]
a'batis, aba'ttis, n. Defence made of felled abe'd, adv. In bed. [a 2 +bed l ]
trees w.boughs pointing outwards. Hence abele (abel, a "hi), n. The white poplar,
aba'tiSED 2 a. [F abatis, OF abaters f. LL [f. Du. abeel I. OF abel earlier aubel f. LL
*abateticius of throwing down ; cf. OF abatre, albellus dim. of albus white]
see abate] aberglaube (G), n. Excessive belief, super-
abattoir (F), n. Public slaughterhouse. stition. [G]
abb, n. Woof, [a- (1) + web] a*bepdevi*ne, n. Birdfancier's name for
A'bba, n. Father. Used w. Father in invok- the siskin. [?]
ing God (Mark xiv. 36). [Aram.] aberrant, a. Straying from moral stand-
a'bbacy, n. Office, jurisdiction, or tenure, ard (in nat. hist.) diverging from normal type. ;

of an abbot, [earlier abbatie (see -cv) f. LL Hence abe'PPANCE, abe'PPANCv, nn. [f. L
abbatia (abbat- nom. -as abbot)] aberrant- part. st. of AB(errare stray)]
abba'tial (-ashal), a. Of an abbey, abbot, abeppa'tion, n. A straying fx*om the path,
or abbess. [F, f. LL abbatialis {abbatia ab- lit. and fig. breaking of rules moral slip ; ;

bacy, -al)] intellectual deficiency; deviation from type.

a*bb6 (-a), n. Frenchman (orig. abbot) en- (Optics) non-convergence of rays to one focus.
titled to wear ecclesiastical dress, esp. without (Astron.) displacement of heavenly body's true
official duties. [F, f L abbatem nom. -as abbot] . position to observer, [f. L aberratio ; see
a'bbess, n. Lady superior of a nunnery. prec, -ation]
[OF abaesse (Pr. abadessa) f. LL abbatissa abe't, v.t. (-tt-). Countenance or assist
(abbat- abbot)] (offence or offender ; esp. aid and a.). Hence
a'bbey, n. Buildings occupied by monks or abe'tMENT, abe'ttER 1 abe'ttOR 2 , nn. ,

nuns under an abbot or abbess the monks or ;

Abettor the legal and the commoner general
is
nuns as a body a church or house that was ; form. [f. 0_F abeter (a to+beter bait *)]
once an abbey or part of it. [f. OF abate, Pr. ab e'xtra, adv. From outside. [LL]
abadia, f. LL abbatia abb AC v] abeyance (-ba-), n. State of suspension,
a'bbot, n. Head of abbey of monks Abbot ; dormant condition liable to revival, (of rights
of Misrule or of Unreason, leader in medieval &c. mostly in phrr. be in or fall into a.), [f. OF
;

burlesque festivities. Hence a'bbotcv, a*b- abeance (d to+beer = It.& LL badare gape)]
botSHiP, nn. [OE abbod, f. L f. Gk abbas abhor*, v.t. (-rr-). Regard with disgust and
-at- (abba)] hatred, [f. L
xn(horrere shudder)]
abbreviate Relatively short (esp.
1
(-at), a. abhd'ppenee, n. Detestation; detested
in nat. hist.), [f. L abbreviatus p.p. of abbre- thing (Uattery is my a.), [foil., -ence]
viare shorten (ab off or ad to+brevis short)] abho'ppent, a. Inspiring disgust, hateful,
abbre' viate 2, v.t. Make short (chiefly now of conduct, &c, often with to (person) ; incon-
of writing part of word for whole, but also of sistent (from) (archaic) feeling disgust (of),
;

visit, story, &c.) Hence abbre vIation n. as, the Greeks were a. of excess, [f. L abhor-
[f . prec. ; see -ate 3
] rent- part. st. see abhor]
A B C, n. The alphabet rudiments ; of any abhop'pep, n. (hist.). Nickname of those
subject ; alphabetical railway guide. who signed addresses to Charles II in 1680. [ab-
a'bdicate, v.t. Renounce formally or by HOR-f-ER 1 ]
default (a power, office, right also abs., esp. of ; abi'dance, n. Continuance, dwelling (in),
the crown). Hencs abdic a 'tion n. a'bdicat- , abiding (by rules, &c). [abide + -ance]
ed 1 (2) a. [f. L AB(dica? e declare), -ate 3] ,
abi'de, v.t. & i. (past & p.p. abode some-
abdo'men, n. (Anat.) belly, including times abided). Remain over continue dwell ; ;

stomach, bowels, and other nutritive organs. stand firm (with by) remain faithful to, act
;

(Zool.) hinder part of insects, spiders, &c. [L, upon (terms). Wait for; encounter, sustain;
etym. dub.] submit to, suffer (negatively as I cannot, xcho
;

abdd'minal, a. Of the abdomen in either
sense (of fish) having the ventral fins under
; dbidan f. A-(\)+bidan bide]
the belly, [f. abdomin- stem of prec. + -al]
abdo'minous, a. Corpulent. [asprec.+-ous]
abdu'eent, a.
muscles that open or pull back the part they
are fixed to). [£ L abducent- part. st. of ab-
(ducere duct- draw)]
abdu'et, v.t. Kidnap take away (esp. a
woman) by force or fraud; draw (limb &c.)
from its natural position, [f. L abduct- see
can—1) put up with (noun or infinitive). [OE
abi'ding-, a. Permanent. Hence abi'd-
ing-LY 2 adv. [part, of abide]
(anat.). Drawing away (of abiet-, stem of several chemical terms. Of
resin, or fir. [L abiet- nom. abies fir-tree]
a'bigail, n. Lady's-maid, [character in Beau-
mont and Fletcher's Scornful Lady, perh. w.
; ref. to 1 Sam. xxv. 24-31]
abi'lity, n. Sufficient power, capacity (to do
something) legal competency (to act) financial
; ;

prec] competency to meet a demand; cleverness,

abdu'etion, n. Illegal carrying off, esp. of mental faculty, (general in sing., special in pi.),
a child, ward forcible carrying off of any one,
; [f.OF ablett t. L habilitat- n. st. f. habilis
as of a voter withdrawal of limb from natural
; deft ; in F and E it was later corrected into
position shrinking of sides of a wound, causing
; habileU, hability, whence the mod. form]
it to gape ; syllogism of which the minor pre- ab ini'tio, adv. From the beginning. [L]
ABIOGENESIS i ABOUND
a'bioge-nesis, n. Spontaneous generation. the quality or an instance of it, abnor'mal-
(Allied words) a'biogene'tic, connected w. ly 2 adv. [earlier & F anormal f. med. L
the doctrine ; a-biogene'tiCALLY adv., by anormalus corrupted f. Gk anomalos anoma-
spont. gen. or according to the doctrine lous but now regarded as f. L abnormis see
;

abid*geniST(2) n., one who believes in it; foil.]

abid'genous a., so produced; abid-g/env 1 abnor'mity, n. Irregularity a monstrosity, ;

n., = abiogenesis. [f. Gk abios f. A- (1)+bios life L abnormitas f. AB(nonnis f. norma rule) see
[f.

-fGENESIS] -TV]
a'bjeet, a. & n. Brought low, miserable aboar'd, adv. prep. &
On or into a ship
craven, degraded, despicable. (Bibl. and ar- (ship either expressed or omitted) alongside, ;

chaic) a person of the meanest condition. Hence near, esp. close or hard a. Lay (another ship)
a'bjectLY 2 adv., a'bjeetNESS n. [f. L ab- a., place one's own alongside of her to fight
jectus p.p. of AB(jiccre=jacere throw)] fall a., fall foul of (another ship). [a 2 +board]
abjection, n. Abasement, low estate. [F, abo'de, n. Dwelling-place, house ; stay, habit
f.L abjectionem (abject, -ion)] of dwelling, as in make one's a. [vbl n. of
ab juration, n. Action or form of re- abide ; cf. ride, rode, road]
nunciation on oath, in all senses of abjure aboi'l, adv. pred. a. &
A-boiling, boiling.
(in hist. esp. of the Stuart claim), [f. L [a 2 +boil]
abjuratio (abjure, -ation)] aboiish, v.t. Do away with (customs, in
abjure*, v.t. Renounce on oath (an opinion, stitutions). Hence abo'lishABLE a., abo*-
heresy, cause, claim, or claimant) swear per- ; lishER^abo'lishMENT, nn. [f. F ab o lir (-ish. 2 )

petual absence from (one's country, &c). [f. F f. L abolescere inceptive of abolere become
abjurer f. L ABijurare swear)] effete, destroy, (ab-, *olere grow)] .

ablactation, n. Weaning from the mother. abolition, n. Doing, being done, away with.
[f. L AB(lactatio f. lactarc suckle f. lact- nom. In the 18th and 19th cc. w. ref. to negro slavery
lac milk)] and the movement against it, whence also
abla'tion, n. Removal (esp. in surgery, of aboli*tioniSM(3), abolitioniST(2), nn. [f.
any part of body) (Geol.) waste of a glacier or
; L abolitio (prec, -ion)]
rock by melting or water action, [f. L ablatio abo'minable, a. Detestable, odious, mor-
f. AB(lat- p.p. st. of ferre carry)] ally or physically loathsome ; (by conscious ex-
a'blative, a. & n. The case in Latin nouns aggeration) unpleasant. Hence abo'min-
that expresses source, agent, cause, instrument, ableNESs n., abo'minabLY 2
adv. [F (ab.,
of action —from or by with the noun (usu. abh.), L
abominabilis f. AB(ominari f. omen)
f.
noun; adj. with case, sense, &c.). A. absolute, deprecate the older spelling was regularly
;

a construction of noun and participle inL Gram, abh., due to confusion w. homo, and the
giving time or circumstances. [F ablatif f. L violence of the meaning (inhuman instead of
ablativus brought from (ablat- see prec.)] ill-omened) results from the mistake]
a'blaut (or as G), n. Systematic vowel change abo-minate 1 v.t. Loathe; (by exaggera- ,

in derivation, as in sing, sang, sung. [G] tion) dislike, [f. L abominat- see prec] ;

abla'ze, adv. & pred. a. On fire ;

glitter- abo'minate 2 (-at), a. (poet.). Abominated,
ing; excited. [a 2 +blaze] [f. L abominatus p.p., see abominable]
a'ble, Talented, clever; competent,
a. abomina'tion, n. Loathing odious or de- ;

having the means or power (to), esp. w. parts grading habit or act ; an object of disgust (to).
of be to supply the deficiencies of can legally ; [F (abominate !, -ation)]
qualified ; a.-bodied seaman (abbr. a.b.), of aboriginal, a. & n. Indigenous, existing in a
special class. Hence a'bLY 2 adv. [f. OF land at the dawn of history, or before arrival of
hable, able, (now habile) f. L habilis handy colonists (of racesand natural objects) (noun ;

{habere to hold)] pi. -als, but aborigines commoner) aboriginal

-able, suf. f. F -able f. L -a- of first conjug.+ inhabitant or (rarely) thing. Hence abori-
-bill- see -ble. In F extended to vbs of all gina'liTY n., abori'ginalL y 2 adv. [f. L
conjugg. In E now appended even to native ab from-f origin- nom. origo origin + -al]
vbs as bearable, nouns as clubbable, and phrase ataori'gines (-ez), n. pi. (abotnginal usual for
vbs as get-at-able ; prob. f. confusion w. the sing. also the indefensible form abort' gine, and
;

unrelated adj. able. (Meaning) able to (com- rarely abd'rigin or -en). First inhabitants, or
fortable), able to be (eatable), fit for (salable). those found in possession by colonists (also of
a'blet, a'blen, n. Name for the freshwater native plants and animals). [L, f. phr. ab ori-
fish bleak. [F ablette f. LL abula for albula dim. gine from the beginning]
of alba white] abort, v.i. Miscarry, have premature de-
a'blings, a'blins, ai'blins, adv. (Sc. & liver}* of a child. (Biol.) become sterile, remain
north.). Possibly, perhaps, [able + -lings] undeveloped, shrink away, (of plants and ani-
abloo'm, adv. & pred. a. In or into bloom. mals—the race, the individual, or part of the
[a 2 +bloom] body),[f. L abort- p.p. st. of AB(oro'r£ be born)]
ablu'sh, adv. & pred. a. Blushing. [a 2+ aborted, a. Untimely born, undeveloped
blush] rudimentary (thorns are aborted branches).
ablution, n. (usu. pi.). Ceremonial washing [ABORT+ -ed i (2)]
of person, hands, or sacred vessels; ordinary abortion, n. Miscarriage of birth; the pro-
personal washing ; (sing.) water in which things curing of whence abortioniST(l) n.
this,
have been washed, esp. in Catholic Ritual. arrested development of any organ a dwarfed ;

Hence ablu'tionAR y l a. [f L &B(lutio f. luere . or misshapen creature failure of a project or ;

lut- wash, -ion)] action, [f. L abortio (abort, -ion)]

a'bnegate, v.t. Deny oneself (something), abortive, a. Premature (birth &c) ; fruit-
renounce (a right or belief), [f. L AB(negare less,unsuccessful; rudimentary (organ &c),
deny), -ate 3
] arrested in development. Hence abortive-
abnegation, n. Denial ; rejection {of doc- ly adv., abor'tiveNESS n. [f. L abortivus
2
trine) ; self-sacrifice (now oftener self-a.), [f. L (abort, -ive)]
abnegatio (prec, -ation)] abou'nd, v.i. (Orig.) overflow, either of
abnormal, a. Exceptional, irregular, de- vessel or of liquid. Be plentiful be rich (in) ; ;

viating from type. Hence abnorma'liTY n.. teem or be infested (ivith). {t. OF abundert
 ; ;
;

ABOUT ABSOLUTION
abonder, habonder, f. L AB( undare, f. unda so as to let the liquor run (of casks). [a 2 +
wave) ; the h- common in older F and E is due broach]
to confusion w. L habere have] abpoa'd (-awd), adv. Broadly, widely, in
abou't^adv. &prep. All round from outside, different directions ; in motion (there is a
as coinpass it a., He is a. my path, beat a. the rumour a.) ; out of doors, in or to foreign lands
bush all round from a centre, as look or lay a.
; in error (all a.). Also treated as a noun in
you; somewhere round, as lie a., hang a. (the from a. [a 2 +broad a. ; cf. along, at large]
door), the fields a. Oxford, people or objects a. us, a*bPOgate, v.t. Repeal, .cancel, (law or cus-
have not a penny a. me here and there (in, or
; tom). So abPOg-A'TiON n. [f. obs. adj. abro-
abs.), as smallpox is a., move or order a., he put gate f. L abrogatus p.p. of AB(rogare propose
the tale a. I was much put a. (distracted), dotted law)]
,

a. the fields, man a. town ; near in number, abru'pt, a. Sudden, hasty, disconnected
scale, degree, &c, as a. half, fifty, right, tired, steep, precipitous; (Bot.) truncated; suddenly
midnight, my size (somet. much a.); facing cropping out (of geol. strata). Hence abpirpt-
round, as right-a. turn, the wrong ivay a., put ly 2 adv., abru'ptNESS n. [f. L abruptus p.p.
(the ship) or .go a. ; round a party, as take turns of AB(rumpere break)]
a., read verse a. ; occupied with, as a. abpu'ption, n. my
Breaking away of part
father's business, send a. his business, what are from a mass. [f. L abruptio (abrupt, -ion)]
you a. ?, go a. to do, a. to do (so all am
fut. abs-, pref. From, away, off. See ab-.
participles) ; in connexion with, as quarrels a'bscess (-ses), n. Collection of pus formed
a. trade, something wrong a. it ; circuitously, in a cavity of the body. [f. L abscessus a going
as he went a long way a., Ibrought it a., it came away f. ABS(cedere cess- go)]
a. [OE on-biitan f. on+butan without (be by+ a'bsciss(e) (pi. -es), absci'ssa (pi. -ae), (-si-),
locative of ut titan out) orig. meaning is there-; n. Portion of given line intercepted between
fore on the outside (of)] fixed point within it and ordinate drawn to
abou't 2, v.t. Change the course of (ship) to it from given point without it. [L abscissa
the other tack. [f. about adv.] (linea) p.p. of AB(scindere sciss- cut)]
about-sledge, n. Largest hammer used by absci'ssion (-si-), n. (surg.). Cutting off,
smiths. violent separation, [f. L. abscissio (see prec
abo've (-uv), adv. & prep. (Adv.) at a higher -ion)]
Eoint (w. spec, meanings ace. to context) over- ; absco'nd, v.i. Go away secretly, fly from
ead, on high up stream, upstairs in heaven
; ; ; the law. Hence abseo'ndENCE, absco'nd-
on the upper side earlier in a book or article
; er *, nn. [f. L ABS(coNdere stow, f. dare put)
(as teas remarked a. ; the a.-cited passages ; orig. transitive in E also, then refl., then
the a.); in addition (over and a.) ; at least (a. intr.]
a hundred). (Prep.) over, on the top of, higher a'bsence, n. Being away from a place;'
than (a. par; can't get a. in music), up C— tinie of being away ; non-existence or want
stream from, projecting from (head a. water; of; abstraction of thought (esp. in phr. a. of
heard a. the tumult a. ground — alive), further
; mind) ; rollcall. [F, f. L absentia (absent-
north than, earlier in hist, than (not traced a. absent l
)]
third century), out of reach of (a. criticism, a'bsent 1
, a. Not present; not existing. Ab-
measure, my understanding), too great or stracted in mind, whence a'bsentLY 2 adv.,
good for (a. meanness, one's station), more absent-mi'ndED 2 a., absent-mi'nded-
important than (a. all), of higher rank than. ly 2 adv., absent-mi'ndedNESS, a'bsent-
Above is also treated as a noun in from above. ness, nn. [F, f. L absentcm nom. -ens part, of
[f. a 2 +OE bufan (be by +ufan locative of uf- AB(esse be)l
cf. G auf up)] abse'nt 2 Keep oneself away. [f.
, v.refl.
abo've-board, adv. & pred. a. Undis- F absenter f. L
absentare f. absent- absent 1 ]
guisedly ; fair, open, [metaph. f. cards] absentee*, n. A person not present. A per-
a'bpacada'bra, n. Spell, magic formula son habitually living away from home esp. a ;

gibberish. Cabbalistic word supposed when landlord so doing, whence absentee'iSM (2) n.
written triangularly, and worn, to cure agues [absent 2 -;- -ee]
&c. [L, etym. dub.] absidal. See apsidal.
ab o'vo, adv. (Relating tediously) from the a'bsinth, n. Wormwood, the plant or its
very beginning. [L; Hor. A. P. 147] essence a liqueur made (orig. at least) from
;

abra'de, VTt, Scrape off, injure, (skin &c.) wine and worm- wood. [f. L f. Gk apsinthion]
by violent rubbing. [f. L AB(radere ras- a'bsolute (-oot, -ut), a. Complete, perfect,
scrape)] pure (as a. alcohol), mere unrestricted, inde- ;

abra'nehial, abra'nehiate, (ki-), a. pendent ruling arbitrarily out of grammati-

; ;

Without gills, [a- (7) + Gk bragkhia gills + -al cal relation (ablative a.) real, not merely re- ;

and -ate 2] lative or comparative unqualified, uncon- ;

abpa'sion (-azhn), n. Scraping off (of skin ditional self-existent and conceivable without
;

&c. )the wounded place that results, [f. L.

; relation to other things (the a., as noun).
abrasio abrade, -ion)] Hence a'bsoluteNESS n. [f. mid. F absolut
abpea'st, adv. On a level and facing the (now absolu) f. L absolutus p.p. see absolve]
same way keeping up, not behind, (of or with
; a'bsolutely, adv. Independently, in and
f>rogress, thought, &c, or as prep., a. the times). by itself; arbitrarily, without external con-
A 2 + BREAST !] trol without qualification without the usual
; ;

abpi'dg-e, v.t. Shorten (interview &c); accompaniments (as a transitive vb used a.,
condense or epitomize (book &c. curtail ) ; i.e. without its obj.); unconditionally; posi-
(liberty of limbs &c. only now w. playful
; tively, though you would not believe it con- ;

archaism) deprive (person of), [f. OF abregier,

; clusive^, completely, quite ; at all (w. nega-
abreger. f. L abbreviare abbreviate] tives), [f. prec. + -L Y 2
]
abridgment, -ement, n. Shortening (of absolution, n. Formal setting free from
time or labour), curtailment (of rights) epi- ; guilt, sentence, or obligation ecclesiastical ;

tome, abstract, [f. OF abrcgement I. abreger declaration of forgiveness of sins remission ;

(prec, -mentI] of penance forgiveness. [F, f. L absolutionem

;

abpoa'cb (-otsh), adv. & pred. a. Pierced, (absolve, -ion)]

ABSOLUTISM ABYSM
a'bsolutism, n. (Theol.) doctrine that God a'bstinentLY adv. 2 [F, f. L abstinent- (ab-
acts absolutely in the affair of salvation. stain, -ent)]
(Polit.) principle of absolute government, [ab- a'bstpact 1
, a. Separated from matter,
solute + -ism (3)] practice, or particular examples, not concrete ;
absolutist, n. Partisan of political ab- ideal, not practical ; abstruse ; (with the, as
solutism (also adj., as a. principles). meta- A noun) the ideal or theoretical way of regarding
f)hysician who identifies subject and object. things (in the a.). Hence a'bstraetLY 2 adv.,
ABSOLUTE + -1ST (2)] a'bstPactNESS n. [f. L abstractus p.p. of
abso'lve (-s-, -z-), v.t. Set, pronounce, free ABB(trahere draw)]
(from blame &c, of sin, from obligation &c, a'bstpact 2 n. Essence, summary; , abstrac-
or abs.); acquit, pronounce not guilty, [f. L tion or abstract term, [see prec]
AB(solvere, solut- loosen)] abstract 3 , Deduct, remove, (an obj. v.t.
a'bsonant, a. Discordant, alien (from), un- much &c is somet. omitted); (euphemism)
reasonable, [f. ab- + sonant- part. st. of L .son- steal disengage (obj. attention &c. somet.
;

are sound on anal, of dissonant, consonant, omitted) from consider apart from the con- ;

and L absonus] crete; summarize, [f. abstract 1 ]

absop'b, v.t. Swallow up, incorporate (be abstracted, a. Withdrawn in thought,
absorbed by, lose one's identity in) engross the ; not attending. Hence abstractedNESs n.
attention of; suck in (liquids).; take in (heat, [-ED 1
]
light, &c.) by chemical or molecular action, abstractedly, adv. In the abstract,
[f. F absorber f. L AB(sorbere sorpt- suck ideally ; separately (from— esp. after consider) ;
in)] an absent-minded way. [-ly 2]
in
absop'bable, a. Easily sucked in. Hence abstraction, n. Taking away, with-
absopbaBiLir v n. [prec. + -able] drawal (euphemism) stealing. Process of ;

absop'bed, a. Intensely engaged or in- stripping an idea of its concrete accompani-

terested. Hence absop'bedLY 2 adv. [p.p. of ments the idea so stripped, something vision- ;

ABSORB] ary, whence abstraction - monger n.

absopbefacient(-shnt), a. &n. Causingthe Absence of mind. [F, f. L abstractionem
absorption or dryingup (e. g. of a tumour) agent (ABSTRACT 1 -ION)]
; ,

that does this. [f. L absorbere absorb+ abstpu'se, a. Hard to understand, pro-
-facient] found. Hence abstru'seLY 2 adv., ab-
absop'bent, a. & n. Having a tendency to stru'seNESS n. [f. L ABS(trusus p.p. of trudere
suck in (abs., or of) a substance of this kind
; ; push)]
one of the vessels in plants and animals (e. g. absup'd, a. Incongruous, unreasonable,
the root tips) that absorb nutriment, [f. L ab- ridiculous, silly. Hence absup'dLY 2 adv. [f.
sorbent- part. st. of absorbere absorb] F absurde f. L absurdus (ab- utterly +surdus
absop*bingr» a. Engrossing, intensely in- deaf, dull)]
teresting. Hence absop'bingfLY 2 adv. [part, absurdity, n. Folly, unreasonableness;
of absorb] an absurd statement or act. [f. F absurdity f.
absop'ption, Disappearance through in-
n. L absurditatem (absurd, -ity)]
corporation in something else natural or ; abu'ndance, n. Quantity more than suf-
medical removal of tissues mental engross-
; ficient, plenty; overflowing emotion (a. of the
ment; sucking in of fluid, light &c, or nutri- heart) many people (there are a. who) afflu-
; ;

ment, [f. L absorptio (absorb, -ion)] ence, wealth. [OF (ab-, hab-, see abound), f.
absop'ptive, a. Having a tendency to suck L abundantia (as foil., -ance)]
in. Hence absop'ptiveNESS n. [f. L absorpt- abu'ndant, a. More than sufficient, plenti-
(absorb, -ive)] ful; rich [in). Hence abu'ndantLY 2 adv.
absqua'tulate (-kwot-); v.i. Make
[OF (ab-, hab-, see abound), f. ~Labundant- part.
off, de-
camp. [American-made jocular vb w. L pref. st. (abound, -ant)]
and suf.] ab ur'be co'ndita, adv. (abbr. A. U. a).
abstai'n, v.i. Keep oneself away, refrain, Counting from the foundation of Rome. [L]
(from). Refrain from alcohol, whence ab- abu'se 1 (-uz), v.t. Misuse, make bad use
stai'nER * n., abstai'niNG 2 a. [f. F abstenir of; deceive (archaic, but still used esp. in
f. L ABS(tinere tent- = tenere hold)] pass.) maltreat (archaic); revile, [f. F abuser;

abste*mious,a. Sparing, notself-indulgent, f. L *abusare f. ab(«s- p.p. st. of uti use)]

esp. in food and drink. Used of persons, habits, abu'se 2 (-us), n. Misuse, perversion (of) an ;

meals. Hence abste'miousLY 2 adv., ab- established unjust or corrupt practice. Re-
ste'miousNESS n. [f. L ABS(temius f. temum viling, whence abu'sivE a., abu'siveLY 2
strong drink inferred f. temulentus, temetum) adv., abu'siveNESS n. [f. F abus f. L abusus
+ -ous] n. f. abus- see prec.
abste'ntion, n. Keeping off (abs., or from abu't, v.i. (-tt-). Have a common boundary
any pleasure) esp., not using one's vote. [F with, border, (upon or somet. without prep,
;
;

(ABSTAIN, -ION)] as trans, vb of estates or countries) end on ; ;

abstep'gcnt, a. & n. Cleansing a cleansing or against, lean on, (of parts of a building),
;

substance, [f. L abstergent- part. st. of abs- [mixed meanings f. OF abouter place end to
(tergere ters- wipe)] end (d to+bout end), and OF abuter touch
abstep'sion, n. Cleansing, purgation. [F, with one end (a to+but end)]
see prec, -ion] abu'tment, n. A lateral support ; (esp. in
abstep'sive, a. Cleansing, [f. F ( -if, -ive), architecture) that on which an arch or bridge
as prec, -ive] rests point of junction between such support
;

a'bstinence, n. Refraining (from any and thing supported, [abut + -ment]

pleasure, or abs. in sense of continence, fasting, abu'ttep, n. (In law) owner of the adjoining
or, usu. total a., going without alcohol). Somet. property. [ABUT + -ER 1 ]
= foil. [F, f. L abstinentia (abstinent, -ence)] aby, abye*, v.t. (archaic; past and p.p.
a'bstineney, n. Habit of refraining from abought). Redeem, pay the penalty of, (an
pleasures, esp. food. [f. L abstinentia see offence ; usu. w. dearly, sore), [earlier abuggen,
prec. & -encv] abeggen, f. A- (1) away+BUY]
a*bstinent,a. Practising abstinence. Hence aby'sm, n. Earlier form, still used in
 ;

ABYSMAL ACCENT
poetical style,of abyss. [OF abtsme f. LL e.g., cardiac arteries (of the heart), cardiacal
*abyssimus superl. of abyssus abyss] herbs {having influence on the h.).
aby'smal, a. Bottomless, esp. fig., as a. a'caleph(e), n. Jellyfish, medusa, sea-
ignorance. Hence abysmalLY 2 adv. [abysm nettle. [Gk akalephe nettle]
+ ^al] acalyc- (akal- or akal-), stem of several bot.
aby'ss, n. The primal chaos, bowels of the terms. Without calyx, [a- (7)+Gk kalux -ukos
earth, lower world ; a bottomless chasm, deep flower-cup]
gorge; depth (a. of light). [Earlier abime, aca'nthus, n. A
genus of plants, esp. Bear's
abysme, f. F see abysm, later corrected after Breech or Brank-Ursine a conventional repre-
;

L abyssus f. Gk abussos bottomless] sentation of its leaf used in Gk architecture.

aby'ssal, a. More than 300 fathoms below Hence acanth(o)- comb. form. [L, f. Gk
sea surface (water, zone, mud). [f. LL akanthos (akantha thorn f. ake point)]
abyssalis f. abyssus see abyss and -al] ; aca'psular, a. Not having capsule, [a- (7)
ac-, words in c-, k-, qu-. Properly
pref. to +L capsula capsule+ -ar x ]
the L assimilated form of ad- to, in addition. acar'diac, a. (physiol.). Without a heart,
In passing through OF it became a- this being ; [f. Gk akardios f. a- (l)+kardia heart+ -ac]
rectified later, ac- was mistakenly written also aearpellous, a. Without carpels, [a- (7),
for a- representing other preff. (see a-), e.g. carpel, -ous]
OE a- (on) in acknowledge. acap'pous, a. (bot.). Not producing fruit.
-ac, suf. forming adjj., which are often also [a-(7)+Gk karpos fruit+ -ous]
(if not only) used as nouns. From Gk -akos, aeataleetie, a. & n. (A verse) not docked
the modification of adj. suf. -kos appended to of a syllable, complete, [f. LL acatalccticus

nouns in -ia, -ios, -ion, and imitated in L. E f. Gk akatalektos, see a-

(7), catalectic)]
wds in -ac may be f. Gk (-akos), L (-acus), or F aca'talepsy, n. Incomprehensibility
(-ague). (philos. term),the quality in the object answer-
aca'cia (-sha), n. Genus of trees, of Mimosa ing to agnosticism in the subject. So a cata-
tribe, yielding gum
arabic ; the Locust-tree leptic a. [f. med. L f. Gk akatalepsia f a- (7) + .

or False Acacia, grown in England for orna- kata thoroughly +lepsis grasping (lab- st. of
ment ; gum arabic. [L, f. Gk akakia ; perh. lambano take)]
f. ake point (in ref. to its thorns)] acau'lous, a. (also -e'seent, -ine, -ose)
a'cademe, n. (Prop.) = Academus (see aca- (bot.). Apparently stemless, having very short
demy) ; (used by mistake in poetic style for) stem, [a-(7)+L caulis stem+ -ous]
the Gk Academy, a college, university. [Gk Acca'dian, a. & n. Of Accad in Shinar (Gen.
Akademos see academy mistake perh. caused ; x. 10) ; a language preserved in cuneiform in-
by Milton's grove of Academe P. R. iv. 144]
' ', scriptions.
academic, a. & n. Belonging to or agreeing accede (-ks-), v.i. Enter upon (an office) ;

with the philosophic school of Plato (academy), join (a party) assent to (opinion or ; policy).
(w. ref. to some of his successors' views) Abs., or w. to if the office &c. is stated, in all
sceptical; an ancient Platonist. Scholarly, senses, [f. L AC(cederc cess- come)]

(and by implication) abstract, unpractical, accelera'ndo (-ks-), musical direction.

cold, merely logical ; (as sing, noun) member Gradually increase speed. [It.]
of a university, one too much enslaved to the accelerate (-ks-), v.t. & i. Make quicker;
principles (in painting &c.) of an academy; cause to happen earlier ; become swifter (of a
<as noun) merely theoretic arguments,
pi. motion or process), [f. obs. adj. accelerate f.
university robes. Of an academician or L AC(celerare f. celer swift) see -ate 2 3 ] ; >

academy (a. rank), [f. med. L academic us accelerated, a. (physics). Progressively

see academy] quicker (a. motion). Hence aeceleratedLY 2
academical, a. Belonging to a college adv. [p.p. of prec]
or university ; (as pi. noun) college costume accelerating", a. Causing progressively
(commoner than academics), [prec. 4- -al] quicker motion (a. force), [-ing 2]
academically, Theoretically, un-
adv. acceleration (aks-), n. Making quicker;
practically rarely also in any of the senses of
; being made quicker. (Physics) rate of increase
the two precc. [prec. + -LY 2j of velocity per time unit, as with falling bodies.
aca'demi'cian, n. Member of an Academy (Astr.) a. of stars, time gained daily by them
or art society, esp. of the Royal Academy of over sun a. of planets, increased velocity
;

Painting &c. [f. F acadimicien f. med. L from aphelion to perihelion ; a. of moon,

academicus (foil.) ; see -ian] increase in speed of mean motion ; a. of tides,
Aea'demy, n. The garden near Athens in amount of local advance on calculated time,
which Plato taught; Plato's followers or [f. L acceleratio (accelerate, -ion)]
philosophical system; a place of study, in- aeee'lerative, a. Tending to increase
cluding universities, but gen. used preten- speed, quickening, [f. accelerate + -ive] _
tiously or depreciatingly of something between accelerator, n. Person or thing that in-
a school and a university a place of training ; creases any thing's speed ; esp., one of a class of
in a special art (Royal Military A.) a society nerves and muscles, [accelerate + -or 2]
;

for cultivating literature, art, &c, of which a'eeent \ n. Prominence given to a

membership is an honour, esp. the Royal A. of syllable, whether by higher musical pitch
Painting &c. the R.A.'s annual exhibition, (ancient Gk and L, Swedish and Norw.), or
;

[f. F acadimie f. Lf. Gk akademeia (Akademos by stress (most mod. langg., but perh. not F).
the man or demigod f. whom Plato's garden Three marks called acxde ('), grave ), and (
v

was named)] circumflex C or *) accents (systematically em-

Aca'dian, a. & n. Nova-Scotian. [f. F ployed only in Gk, and to .a less degree in F)
Acadie Nova Scotia+ -an] used for various purposes, e.g. to indicate
-acal, compd suf. = -ac+ -al. Adjj. in -ac syllabic pitch (Gk), quality of vowel sound
being often used as nouns also, -al was ap- (F), etymological hist. (F, E), metrical stress,
pended to distinguish the adj. (demoniac, syllabic stress (dictionaries &c), the fact of
-acal), and even when there was no noun a letter's not being silent, or conventional
(heliacal). In adjj. -acal often differs f. -ac in distinction between homonyms (F). Indi-
suggesting looser connexion w. the orig. noun vidual, local, or national mode of pronuncia-
 ;

ACCENT ACCOMMODATE
tion; modulation to express feeling in pi., ; accession, into presence or
n. Coming
speech (poet.). (In prosody) rhythmical contact; coming into an office or condition
stress. (Mus.) stress recurring at intervals. (as manhood) being added ; assent thing ; ;

(Fig.) intensity, sharp distinction. [F, f. L added, addition (in law) improvement or
;

AC(centus -us = cantus singing) lit. transl. of natural growth of property. [F, f L accessionem .

Gk prosodia (pros to + ode song)] (accede, -ion)]

accent 2 v.t. Pronounce with
, accent, em- a'eeessory (also a. akse's-),
n. (see &
phasize (word or syllable) put the written ;
also accessary). Additional, subordinately
accents on heighten, make conspicuous, [f.
;
contributive (of things), adventitious ; a thing
obs. F accenter see prec] of that character, esp. in pi. the accessories.
accentual, a. Of accent; a. prosody or [f. LL accessorixis adj. (accede, -ory)]

verse, of which the principle is accent or stress, a'ceidence, n. The part of grammar, or a
not quantity. Hence aeeentualLY 2 adv. book, dealing with inflexions (i. e. the accidents
[f. L accentus accent l + -al] or non-essentials of words) ; the elements of
accentuate, v.t. = accent 2 but more used
, any subject, [corruption of accidents = F pi. n.
than it in the fig. sense, [f. med. L accentuare accidens transl. of L neut. pi. accidentia the
(accentus accent ), -ate ] 1 3 things that befall (a word), see accident ; or
acce'ntua'tion, n. Accenting (all senses perh. direct f. accidentia treated as fern. sing,
from accent), [f. med. L accent uatio see ac- noun]
centuate, -ion] a'ceident, n. Event without apparent cause,
accept, v.t. Consent to receive (gift), unexpected (so chapter of aa., unforeseen
answer affirmatively (offer, invitation, suitor) course of events) unintentional act, chance, ;

regard with favour (esp. unfair favour, as a. fortune, (by a.) mishap irregularity in ; ;

the person of, a. persons) receive as adequate structure

; a property not essential to our ;

(a. service of writ), allow the truth of, believe ;

conception of a substance (so of material
undertake (office) take responsibility for,
; qualities of bread and wine after transubstan-
agree to meet, (bill of exchange). Of may be tiation) a mere accessory. [F, f. L accidens
;

added (exc. w. service of xvrit, bill) with a -entis part, and n. f. AC(cidere = cadere fall)]
slight suggestion of formality or condescension. accidental, a. & n. Happening by chance,
Hence aeeeptER 1 ^ [f. F accepter f. L ac- undesignedly, or unexpectedly occasional ; ;.

ceptare frequent, of AC(cipere = capere take)] not essential to a conception (so also an a. as
acceptable (also a'-), a. Worth accepting, n.) subsidiary. (Mus.) a, sharps, flats T
;

pleasing, welcome. Hence or cogn. ac- naturals, and a. as noun, signs attached to-
ce*ptabLY adv., aeeeptaBiLiTY, acce'pt- single notes, not in signature. (Optics) a,
2
ableNESS, nn. [F, f. L acceptabilis (accept, colours, those presented by subjective sensa-
-able)] tion, not external. (In painting) a. lights,
acce'ptance, n. Consent to receive (gift, and accidentals as n., effects of other than
payment, pleasure, duty) favourable recep- ordinary day light. [F (now -el), prob. f. LL
;

tion (act. & pass.), approval, belief; a. of accidentalis f. accidens see prec]
persons, partiality ; engagement to meet a accidentally, adv. By ehance, uninten-
bill; a bill so accepted. [OF ; see accept and tionally. [-LY 2]
-ance] acei'pitpal (aksip-), a. Hawklike rapa- ;

acceptation, n. A particular sense given cious keensighted. [f. L accipitr- nom. -ter ;

to a word or phrase"; its generally recognized hawk + -al]

meaning. [F, f. LL acceptationem (accept, acclai'm \ v. t. Applaud loudly or enthusias-
-ation)] tically; (w. obj. and compl.) hail as (king,
accepted, a. Generally recognized or winner, saviour; acclaimed him king), [f. L
believed in (Free &
A. Masons, see free 1 - AC(elamare shout), spelling assimilated to
mason). Hence acceptedLY 2 adv. [-ed 1 ] claim]
acceptor, n. One who accepts a bill (pre- acclai'm 2, n. Shout of applause, [f. prec]
ferred to accepter in this sense). [AF acceptour acclamation, n. Loud and eager assent to
f. L acceptorem (accept, -or 2 )] a proposal (voted, carried, by a.) shouting in ;

a'ceess (also -e's, see etym.), n. Approach; a person's honour (usu. pi.), [f. L acclamatio
addition right or means of approaching (to)
; (prec, -ation)] ;

being approached (easy of a.); advance (a. aeelima'tion, n. = acclimatization (see foil.),
and recess) ; passage, channel, doorway ad- or distinguished from it as a natural process,
;

hesion, growth, (usu. now accession) attack not imposed on animals by man. [syncopated
;

or outburst (of illness, anger, emotion). [The for acclimatation (acclimate f. F acclimater
doubtful accent is due to double derivation. ACCLIMATIZE)]
1. (sense attack, pron. a -) f. F acces f. L ac-
-
acclimatize (also a'cclimate), v.t. & i.
cessus n. f. AC(cedere cess- come) 2. (other Habituate (animals, plants, oneself) to new
;

senses, pron. akse's) direct f. L access us. The climate (rarely) become so habituated. Hence ;

two pronunciations, however, have now aecli'matizA'TioN (also acclimata'tion)

ceased to be significant] n. [f. F acclimater (d to+climat climate) +
a'ceessapy (also akse's-), n. pred. a. (see & -ize]
also accessory). Helper in any act, one aeelrvity, n. Upward slope of a hill (cf.
privy to it (as pred. a., be a., were made declivity), [f. L acclivitas f. AC(clivis f. clivus
accessary) accompaniment, adjunct, [f. ac-
; slope)]
cess + -ary ! formed as f. L access- like accola'de (-ad or-ahd), n. Sign at bestowal
emissary, adversary, the adj. (first spelt of knighthood, whether embrace, kiss, or
-ary) being corrected later to -ory on L ac- stroke on shoulder with flat of sword. (Mus.)
cessoriiis drew the noun after it, and the two vertical line or brace coupling staves. [F, f.
spellings are often confused] It.accollata n. from p.p. st. of accollare (ac- +
acce'ssible, a. Able to be reached or L collum neck)]
entered (abs., or to); open to influence, to the aeeo'mmodate, v.t. Adapt (thing or person
influence of, (to). Hence accessiBi'LiTY n., to another) prove such adaptation in, har-
;

aeeessibLY 2 adv. [F, f. L accessibilis (ac- monize, (somet. w. implication of sophistry) i

cede, -ble)] reconcile, settle differences between compose ;
 ;; ;:

ACCOMMODATING 8 ACCOUTRE
(quarrel) ; equip, supply, (person with) ; oblige, aeed'st \ v.t. Make up to and address, open
confer favour on find lodging for. ; [f.obs. conversation with. [f. F accoster f. LL ac-
adj. accommodate f. p.p. of L AC(commodare (costare f. costa rib)]
-at- f. commodus fitting = COM- + modus mea- aeed'st 2 , n. Greeting, opening remark, [f.
sure)] prec]
aooo'mmodating ,

9 a. Obliging, easy to accowchement (-ooshmong, or as F), n.

•deal with, pliable, lax. Hence acco'mmo- Lying-in, delivery m child-bed. [F]
datinffLYSadv., [-ing2] accoucheur' (-oosher), n. (fern, -exise pr. -erz).
accommodation, n. Adjustment (e. g. of Man-midwife, midwife. [F]
eyes for various distances) adaptation of any- ; aeeou'nt , v.t. & i. Consider, regard as,
1

thing to a purpose or meaning different from (followed by obj. &

complement or infin. ; a.
the original: self -adaptation settlement, com- ; him a hero, wise, to be guilty). Be accounted
promise serviceable thing, convenience (so in of, be esteemed (alw. w. little, much, Sec).
;

comp. as a.-road); lodgings, entertainment Account for: give reckoning (of money held
money loan (so in a. -bill *). [F f. L accommo- in trust); answer for (conduct, performance
of duty) ; explain the cause of ; serve as ex-
dationem (accommodate, -ion)]
aceo-mpaniment (-urn-), n. Appendage, planation of (that accounts for it) (sport) be ;

thing that attends another. (Mus.) subsidiary responsible for the death of, kill. [f. OF aconter
f. LL accomptare for *AC(compxitare L = com-
part vocal or instrumental, usu. the latter as
used to support the voice, [f. F accompagne- pute) the form aceompt is due to 14th-c.
;

ment (foil., -ment)] correction in F passing into E, the oldest E

acco'mpany (-um-), v.t. Supplement (a being acunte (see AC-)]
thing with, as word w. blow) go with, escort, ;
aeeou'nt 2 n. (1) Counting, calculation, in
,

attend coexist with (of things), characterize.

;
phrr. cast accounts (reckon up), money of a.
(Mus.) support (singer, player, piece) by per- (names not of coins, but of sums, as guinea).
forming additional part, whence aceo'm- (2)Reckoning of debit and credit, in money or
paniST (also -nyist) n. After pass., by has service. Statement of money received and
almost ousted older with, now only used expended, with balance so open or close an ;

when accompanied = combined, [f. F accom- a. with, render or send in, pay or settle, an a. ;
pagner (a to+compagne companion)] a. current (whence a/c = account), one kept
accd'mplice, n. Partner, usu. subordinate, going w. occasional entries; joint a., in which
in crime, [f. earlier &F
two persons not otherwise partners count as
complice (whether
by mistake from a complice, cf. newt, or by one; keep aa., enter all expenditure for com-
assim. to foil.) f. L comphcem nom. -plex closely parison w. income balance or square aa. with ;

connected (com- +plic- fold)] some one, receive or pay the balance due cash, ;

accd'mplish, v.t. Fulfil, perform, com- profit-and-loss, &c, a., headings of subdivision
plete, finish. Perfect (a person) in graceful in ledger; sale for the a., on the Stock Exch.,
acquirements, whence aeeo'mplishED 1 a. not for cash, but payable at next periodic
ff. OF acomplir f. LL AC(complere complete) settlement; A in a. xcith B, having credit ;

gee^SH 2] relations with for a. of, to be sold for (person) ;

acco'mplishment, n. Fulfilment, comple- OTi a., as interim payment; on one's a., for
tion thing done or attained, achievement
; his service; on ones own a., for and at one's
faculty that perfects a person for society, own purposes and risk, whence generally on a.
(disparagingly) merely superficial acquire- of, because of, and on no a., by no means,
ment, [f. F accomplissement see prec, certainly not. A favourable result of the;

-ment] reckoning, profit; find one's a. in, profit by,

aceompt, -ant, archaic for account, -ant. turn to a., make useful. Statement of ad-
aeeop'd 1 , v.t. & i. Be in harmony or con- ministration as required by creditor ask, ;

sistent (abs., or with chiefly of things) demand, yield, render, an a., call or bring to
;
•,

grant (indulgence, request, welcome, &c). [f. a. extended from money to conduct generally, ;

OF acorder f. LL AC(cordare f. cor cordis so the great a., Day of Judgment, gone to his
heart)] a., dead give a. of, find cause of, explain, (in ;

aeeop'd 2, n. Consent (with one a.), mutual sport) give a good a. of, dispose of (opponents,
agreement treatj* of peace
; harmonious game) successfully. (3) Estimation. Person
;

correspondence in "colour, pitch, tone assent or thing of, or held in, some or no a. make ;
;

(of one's own a.), [f. OF acord agreement («- little a. of; take into, leave out of, a.
take a. ;

corder accord 1 )] of; lay one's a. with, include in one's calcu-

aceop'danee, n. Conformity, agreement, lations, expect. (4) Narration, report, descrip-
esp. in phr. in a. xcith. [OF acordance (as tion, of event, person, &c. [f. OF acont (a to
4-

prec, -ance)] cont f. LL comptum for computum f. L com-

aeeop'dant, a. In tune, agreeing, (abs., or putare compute)]
with). Hence aeeoP'dantLY 2 adv. [OF aeeou'ntafole, a. Bound to give account,
acordant as prec, -ant] responsible, (for things, to persons, or abs.);
!aceop'ding, adv. (only now in the compd explicable (somet. followed by for). Hence
conj. a. as, and the compd prep. a. to). A. aeeountaBiLiTY, aeeoirntableNESS, nn.,
1 + -ABLE]
as in proportion as (of a process varying w.
: [f. ACCOUNT

another) ; in a manner depending on which aeeou'ntant, n. (Law) one liable to render

of certain alternatives is true. A. to: in a account; defendant in an action of account.
manner consistent with or degree proportioned Professional keeper and inspector of accounts
to on the authority of. [-ing 2]
;
a.-general, chief a. in public offices; whence
aeeop'dingly, adv. As the (stated) circum- aeeoirntantSHiP n. [F (15th c.) accomptant
stances suggest therefore a. as = according
; ; part, of accompter OF aconter account 2 J
as. [-LY 2] aeeou'tpe (-ooter), v.t. (-tring, -tred). Attire,
aeeop'dion, n. Portable musical instru- equip, esp. w. special costume (chiefly used in
ment made of bellows, keys, and metal reeds. p.p.). [f. med. F accoustrer (now accoutrer)
Hence aeeop'dioniST(3) n. [f. It. and LL etym. dub., perh. AC- + coustre vestry-keeper
accordare attune see ACCORD l termination and so rober which is perh. f. LL *cxistor f.
;

imitated f. clarion] custos guardian]

 ;
;

ACCOUTREMENT j!J ACETATE D

accou'tpement (-obtrem-), n. (usu. in pi.). aitiatike causal (also accusing), the goal or
Equipment, trappings. (Mil.) soldier's outfit obj. being the final cause of motion or action]
other than arms and garments, e. g. belt, straps, accusatorial, a. A. procedure See., in
valise. [MF accoustrement (prec, -ment)] which prosecutor and judge are not the same,
aeepe'dit, v.t. Gain belief or influence for opposed to inquisitorial, [as foil. + -al]
(adviser, advice); send out (ambassador, &c.) accu'satopy, a. A. language, manner &c,
with credentials to person, to or at a court; conveying or implying accusation, [f. L ac-
a. thing (saying, policy) to person, or a. him cxisatornus (foil., -ory)]
loith it, put it down to him. [f. AC(crediter f. F accu'se (-z), v.t. Charge with a fault, indict,
credit credit)] (person), whence p.p. as noun, the accused;
aeepe'dited, a. Officially recognized (per- blame, lay the fault on, (person or thing, as
sons); generally accepted, orthodox, (beliefs), the times). A. as offender, of offence. Point
[p.p. of prec] to (subj. evidence, &c, obj. a person). Hence
aeepe'te 1 , v.t. i. &
Grow together or into accu'SERi n., aeeu'singxY 2 adv. [earlier
one ; form round or on to, as round a nucleus ; acuse f. OF acuser f. L AC(cusare-causare f.
attract (such additions), [f. L accret- p.p. st. of caxisa cause)]
AC(cresce?'e grow)] accu'stom, v.t. Habituate (oneself, person,
aeepe'te 2 , a. (bot.). Grown into one with or thing, to do or to; commoner in pass.),
something else. [f. L accretus p.p. see prec] [earlier acustom (see AC-) f. OF acostximer (now
aeepe'tion, n. Growth by organic enlarge- accoutumer) (a to, custom)]
ment; the growing of separate things (as accu'stomed, a. In vbl senses ; also,
particles) into one the whole resulting from; usual, prec in obs. sense make usual]
[p.p. of
this adhesion of extraneous matter to any-
; ace, The
one on dice ambs ace, throw of
n. ;

thing the matter so added (Law) == accession,

; ; two ones, deuce ace, of two and one (formerly
also increase of legacy &c by share of failing two ones); the one on dominoes, cards; one
co-legatee, [f. L accretio (accrete \ -ion)] point at racquets &c ; the "smallest possible
accrue* (-00), v.i. Fall (to one, from a amount, hair's-breadth, as xcithin an ace of;
thing) as a natural growth, advantage, result ace-point, first or starting point on backgam-
esp. of interest on invested money. Hence mon table. [F as f. L as unity]
accPUE'D 1 (2) a. [f. obs. accrue n. =F accrxie -acea, L suf. freely used to form names
p.p. of accroitre OF acreistre f. L accrescere (neut. pi. agreeing w. animalia) for orders of
ACCRETE *] animals; the names are L and pi., the sing,
accumulate, & i. Heap up, gain by
v.t. being supplied by E adjj. in -ace an used as
degrees, (usu. a fortune, ill will, &c, or
fig., noun ; so the Crustacea, a crustacean, [f. L
abs.), amass, make money; take (University -aceus (-ac- + -e-us) compd adj. formative]
degrees) by accumulation (obj. expressed, or -aceae, L suf. freely used to form names
abs.), i. e., more than one step at a time grow ;
(fern. pi. agreeing w. plantae) for orders pf
numerous, form an increasing mass or heap plants, [f. -aceus see prec]
(lit. and fig., as dirt, disasters, had accumu- -acean, & n. suf. As adj., = -aceous; as
a.
lated), [f. obs. accuvudate a. f. L &.c(cumidare n., L -aceus see -acea + -an]
see -acea. [f.
f. cumxdus heap), -ate 2> 3
] Aceldama (-k-), n. Field of bloodshed,
accumulation, n. Collection (act. or scene of slaughter. [Acts i. 19]
pass.), amassing; money-making; growth of -aceous, suf. freely used to form adjj. to the
capital by continued interest combination of ; Xat.-Hist. nouns in -acea, -ace^e, as crustace-
distinct acts into one (degrees, see prec, or ous, rosaceous, [f. L -aceus see -acea + -ous]
church services &c); a mass (as snow, papers, acephal-, stem of several bot., zool., eccl. &
property), [f. L accumxdatio (prec, -ion)] terms. Headless, [f. LL f. Gk akephalos f. a-
accumulative, a. Arising from accumu- (l)+kephale head]
lation proof, evidence, now being ousted by
(a. ace'phalous, a. Headless recognizing no ;

cumulative); so arranged as to accumulate chief; (Zool.) having no part of body specially

(sinking fund) acquisitive, given to hoarding.
; organized as head; (Bot.) with head aborted
Hence aeeu'mulativeLY 2 adv. [as prec + or cut off; (in prosody), (verse) wanting the re-
-ive] gular first syllable, [as prec. -f -ous]
accu'mulatop, a'cerbate,
n. One who collects; v.t. Sometimes used for ex-
money-maker; taker of degrees by accumu- acerbate.
lation; apparatus for storing electricity. [L acep'bity, n. Astringent sourness, harsh
(as prec, -or 2 )] taste bitterness of speech, manner, or temper,
;

a'ccupate, Careful, precise, in exact

a.
conformity with a standard or with truth.
Hence a*eeuPACY n., a'eeupateLV 2 adv. [f.
L AC(curare f. cura care), -ate 2
accursed (-id), aecup'st, a. Lying under
a curse, involving misery, execrable,
ill-fated ; ace'scent, a. Turning sour, rather sour, lit.
detestable, [p.p. f. obs. accxcrse earlier acurse
(a- imitated as intensive f. OE ar- see a- (1) + OE
cursian curse v.)]
accu'sal, n. Sometimes used for foil. [f. ac-
cuse + -al (2)]
accusa'tion, n. Accusing being accused
a charge of offence or crime indictment. [F,
f.L accusationem (accuse, -ion)]
accusative, a. & n. A. case (or a. as noun),
the grammatical case used in Gk & L for the
goal of motion or obj. of action in uninflected
langg., applied to the
though with no mark of
eusati'VAL adj., aeeu'sativeLY 2 adv. [F
(-if, -ive), f. L accusativus
[f. F. acerbity f. L acerbitatem (acerbus sour-
tasting, -ty)]
a'cepvate, a. Growing in compact clusters
] (of spines, &c). [f. L acervare (acervus a
heap), -ate 2]
and fig. [f. L acescere inceptive of acere be
sour (ac- sharp), -ent]
aeet-, stem of many chem. terms. Vinegar.
[L acetum vinegar (acere be sour)]
acetabulum, n. (pi. -la). (Rom. antiq.)
; cup to hold vinegar. (Zool.) cup-shaped sucker
; of cuttle-fish, &c. ; socket of thighbone, or of
joints in insects. [f. L acetum vinegar •+•
-abulum dim. of -abrxim receptacle]
acetap'ious, a. (Of plants) used in salads,
; [f. L acetaria salad plants, neut. pi. of acetaris
wd that stands as obj., (as acetic, see -ar 1 )+ -ous]
case. Hence ac- a'cetated, a. Treated with acetic acid,
[p.p. of acetate v. (acetic+ -ate 3 ) not otherwise
lit, transl. of Gk used 1
 ; ;;

ACETIC 10 ACR E
ace'tie, a. Pertaining to vinegar, [f. L acknowledgment, -ement, n. Act of
acetum v inegar+ -ic] acknowledging thing given or done in return
;

aee'tify, v.t. Convert into vinegar; be-

&i. for a service, message, &c [prec. + -ment]
come sour. Hence acetiFicA'TiON, aee'tifi- acli'nic, a. A. line, magnetic equator, on
er 1 (2), nn. [as prec. + -fy] which magnetic needle has no dip. [f. Gk

a'cetous, a. Having the qualities of vine- aklines {a- not+klino bend) + -ic]
gar ; sour, [as prec. + -ous] a'cme, n. Highest point, point of perfection.
aee'tylene, n. A colourless gas, burning [Gk,= point]
with a bright flame, [as prec, see -yl and a'cne, n. Pimple disease marked by pim- ;

-ene] ples, [perh. corrupt, of acme]

acharnement (F), n. Ferocity; gusto. aco'ck, adv. (Of the hat) in cocked fashion ;

Aeha'tes Faithful friend of Aeneas

(-k-). defiantly, [a prep. + cock v.]
(Verg. Aen.); any faithful friend. a'eolyte, Inferior officer in the church
n.
acne 1 (ak), v.i. SufFer continuous or pro- attendant, assistant; novice, [f. Gk akoloiiihos
longed pain. [OE acan; earlier and correct follower]
spelling of the verb was ake] a'eonite, n. Monk's-head or wolf's-bane, a
ache 2 (ak), n. Continuous pain. [OE sece f. poisonous plant; extract from this. Hence
acan v. ; earlier pronunciation of the noun was aconi'tic a., aeo'nitiNE 5 n. [f. F aconit f.
atsh (cp. bake batch, wake watch )] Gk akoniton (etym. dub.)]
ache 3 (atsh), n. Name of letter H. a'corn, n. Fruit of the oak ; a.-shell, multi-
aehie've, v.t. Accomplish, carry out; ac- valve cirriped, allied to barnacles. [OE secern,
quire reach (an end). Hence aehie'VABLE a.
; perh. w. orig. meaning 'fruit of the open
[f. F achever (a chef venirl. LL ad caput venire country (OE secer)
' conf us. w. com] ;

come to a head with)] aeotyle'don, n. Plant with no distinct

achievement, n. Completion, accomplish- seed-lobes. Hence aeotyledonous a. [f.
ment; thing accomplished; escutcheon or en- mod. L acotyledones f. Gk a- not + kotuledon
sign armorial in memory of a distinguished cup-shaped hollow (kotule cup)]
feat = hatchment, [f. F achevement (achever
; acou'chy (-ooshi), n. Small rodent allied to
achieve)] guinea-pig. If. Facouchi, perh. f. native name
achi'lous (-k-), a. (bot). "Without lips. [f. Gk in Guiana]
-a- not+kheilos lip-f--ous] acou'stic (-ow-), a. Pertaining to the sense
achlamy'deous, a. (bot.). Without calyx of hearing. Hence acou*sticALa., aeoirstie-
or corolla, [f. Gk a- not+khlamus -udos cloak alLY 2 adv., aeoustrciAN, aeoirstics, nn.
+ -eous] [f. F acoustique f. Gk akoustikos (akoud
aehpoma'tie, Free from colour; a, (opt.). hear)]
transmitting light without decomposing it. aequai'nt, v.t. Make (person, oneself,)
Hence achpoma'tiCALLY adv., aehro- aware of (ivith facts, that, hoiv, &c); make
mati'ciTY, aehpo*matisivi(2), nn., aehro*- oneself familiar (with circumstances &c)
matiZE(3) v.t. [f. Gk akhromatos (a- not+ (pass.) have personal knowledge of (with person
khroma -matos colour) + -ic] or thing), [f. OF acointer f. LL ACcognitare
a'cid Sour; (Chem.) with the essential
1
, a. f. cognit- p.p. st. of co(gnoscere come to
Eroperties of an acid 2 So aei'diTY n. [f. . know)]
acidus (acere be sour)]
i
acquaintance, n. Knowledge of (with)
a'cid , n. A sour substance; (Chem.) one
2 person &c more than mere recognition and
of a class of substances that neutralize and are less than intimacy person(s) with whom one
;

neutralized by alkalis, and are compounded of is acquainted (pi. now usu. -ances in this sense).
hydrogen and another element or elements, and Hence aequarntaneesHiP n. [f . OF acoint-
of which the principal types are sour and turn ance (acointer acquaint)]
vegetable blues to reds. [f. prec] acquest, n. Thing acquired; (Law) pro-
ael'dify, v.t. & i. Make, become, sour; perty gained otherwise than by inheritance,
(Chem.) convert into an acid. Hence aci'difi- [f. OF acquest f. LL acquistum i. L acquisi-
able a., acidiFiCA'TiON, aci*difiER 1 (2), nn. tum (see acquire)]
[as acid, see -fy] acquie'sce (-ies), v.i. Agree tacitly ; a. in,
aeidi'metep, n. Instrument for measuring accept (arrangements, conclusions). So ac-
strength of acids, [asprec, see -meter] quie'seENCE n., aequie'scENT a. [f. MF
aci'dulated, a. Made somewhat acid. [p.p. acquiescer L
AC(quiescere rest)]
f.
of acidulate v. (foil. + -ate 3 not ), otherwise acquire*, v.t. Gain by oneself and for one-
used] self; (of qualities &c.) win (person a good
aci'dulous, a. Somewhat acid. [f. L aci- name &c) come into possession of; an ac-
;

dulus (dim. of acidus sour) + -ous] quired taste (not natural), [f. OF acquey^e f.
a'cinus, n. (pi. acini). One of the small berries L. AC(quirere quisit- = quaerere seek)]
that make up a compound fruit such as the acquisition, n. Act of acquiring; thing
blackberry the compound fruit itself seed
; ; acquired. So acqui'sitivE a. aequi'sitive- ,

of a grape or berry; (Anat.) racemose gland. ness n. [f. L acquisitio (as prec, see -ion)]
Hence aci'niFORM a. [L, = berry, seed] acqui't, v.t. (-tt-). Pay (a debt); declare
-acious, suf. forming adjj. meaning 'in- (person) not guilty (of offence) discharge one- ;

clined to ', abounding in [f. L -ax -acis,

'
'. self of (duty, responsibility) a. oneself (per- ;

added to rb stems to form adjj.,+ -ous] form one's part) ivell, ill, &c [f. OF aquiter f.
i
-aeity, suf. forming nouns of quality corre- LL *AC(qxdtare - L quietare settle f. quies -etis
sponding to adjj. in -acious directly f. L rest)]
-acitat- or thr. F -acite'. acqui'ttal, n. Discharge from debt deliver- ;

acknowledge the (aknol-), v.t. Admit ance from a charge by verdict &c. per- ;

truth of own &c ; something) (person to be formance (of duty), [prec. + -al (2)]
recognize the authority or claims of recognize ; acqui'ttance, n. Payment of debt release ;

in legal form express appreciation of an-

; ; from debt receipt in full. [f. OF^aquitance
;

nounce receipt of reward; (a service), [a- (2)+ (aquiter acquit, see -ance)]
knowledge ; or from the obs. nouo acknow- acre (a'ker), n. Measure of land, 4,840 sq.
ledge] yds ; piece of tilled or enclosed land, field (only
 .;

ACREAGE 11 ACULEUS
in special uses, as broad act., GocVs A., Long a'cting", a. In vbl senses, esp doing duty :

A Hence ( - )a*CPED 2 a. [f OE secer, acer (cf

. ). . temporarily, as A .-Captain doing alone duties ;

OHGj achar L ager Gk agros Skr ajras) tilled nominally shared with others, as A.-Manager,
or enclosed land (orig. open country) adopted ; -Trustee, [act 2 -f -ing 2]
in med. L as acra, in OF as acre, hence mod. Acti'nia, n. (pi. -ae, -as). Genus of Zoophytes
spelJing for the regular aker] belonging to the family Actiniadae (pop.) ;

acreage (a"kcrij), n. Amount of acres; sea-anemone, [mod. L f. Gk aktis -inos ray]

acres collectively or in the abstract, [acre + actinism, n. That property of the sun's
-age] rays by which chemical changes are produced,
a'epid, a. Bitterly pungent, irritating, corro- as in photography. So acti'nic a. [as prec. +
sive of bitter temper or manner.
; Hence -ism]
aeri'diTV n. [irreg. f. L acer -ais pungent-f a'ction, n. Process of acting, exertion of
-id, perh. assimilated to acid] energy or influence, as men of a., put in a., a.
a'crimony, n. Bitterness of temper or of an acid thing done, act (in drama) series
; ;

manner. So aerimo'nious a., aepimo'ni- of events represented mode of acting, manage- ;

OUSLY adv. [f. L acrimonia pungency (acer ment of body, &c, as a. of a player, horse,
2
-cris sharp see -mony) perh. thr. F aciimonie] piano mechanism of an instrument legal pro-
; ; ;

A'epita, n. pi. (zool.). Animals with no dis- cess; engagement between troops. [F, f. L
tinct nervous system, [mod. L f. Gk akritos actionem (as act 2 see -ion)] ,

undistinguishable (a- not+A;rmo distinguish)] a'ctionable, a. Affording ground for an

acpo- in comb. Highest, topmost, terminal action at law. Hence a'etionabLY 2 adv.
tipped with at the point or extremity of. [f. [action + -able]
;

Gk akros topmost, outermost] a'ctive, a. Given to outward action work- ;

a'cpobat, n. Rope-dancer, tumbler. Hence ing, effective energetic, diligent acting of ; ;

acpoba'tica., aepoba'ticALLY adv., a*ero- one's own accord, acting upon others (Gram.) ;

batiSM n. [f. F acrobate f. Gk akrobatos walk- the active voice comprises all forms of intransi-
ing on tiptoe, climbing aloft (acro- + batos tive verbs, and those forms of transitive verbs
vbl adj. f. baino go)] that attribute the verbal action to the person
a'crogen, n. (bot.). Cryptogamous plant or thing whence it proceeds (the logical subject),
having perennial stem with growing point at as We punished him not, like the forms of the ;

extremity, as ferns and mosses. Hence aepo*- passive voice, to the person or thing to whom
genous a. [acro- + Gk -genes born] it is directed (the logical object), as He was
a'epolith, n. Statue with head and extremi- punished by us. Less correctly, verbs are
ties of stone, [acro- + Gk lithos stone] themselves called active. Hence activeLY 2
acpd'nychal, a. Happening at nightfall adv. [F (-if, -ive), f. L activus (as act 2 see -ive),; ,

(esp. of rising or setting of stars). Hence or direct f. L in theol. phr. vita activa]
acpo'nyehalLY 2 adv. [f. Gk akronukhos activity, n. Exertion of energy quality of ;

(acro- + nux nuktos night) + -al] being active, diligence, nimbleness (pi.) active ;

aepo'petal, a. Developing from below up- forces, spheres of action, [f. F. activite f. med.
wards. Hence aePO'petalLY.2 adv. [acro- L activitatem (as prec, see -ty)]
+ L petere seek + -al] a'eton, n. Jacket of quilted cotton worn
aepd'polis, n. Citadel or elevated part of under mail mail-plated jacket of leather &c.
;

a Greek city, esp. of Athens. [Gk akropolis [f. OF auqueton (mod. hoqueton) padding,
(acro- +polis city)] padded jacket, f. Sp. alcoton (mod. algodon)
acpo'ss, adv. & prep. In the form of a cross, cotton f. Arab, al-qutun the cotton]
as with arms a. forming a cross with, making
; a'ctop, n. Dramatic performer, whence
angles with, (object expressed or understood), a'ctPESS L n. (rarely) doer. [L, = doer, actor
;

as a line drawn a. (the road) into contact ; (as act 2 see -or 2 )]
,

with, as came a. a tiger, an instance; from a'ctual, a. Existing in fact, real; present,
side to side (of), as run a. (the road) on the ; current. [f. F actuel f. LL actualis (actus
other side (of), as by this time he is a. (the vbl n. f. agere act 2 see -al)] ;

Channel), [a prep. + cross 1 ; Caxton has in aetua'lity, n. Reality realism (pi.) existing ; ;

cross f. F encroix] conditions, [f. med. L actualitas (as prec,

acpo'stic, n. Poem or other composition in see -ty)]
which the initial (single a.), the initial and a'ctualize, v.t. Realize in action ; describe
final (double a.), or the initial, middle, and final realistically. Hence aetualizA'TiON n. [ac-
(triple a.) letters of the lines spell a word or tual -ize]+
words Hebrew poem of which the lines begin
; a'etually, adv. In actual fact, really for ;

with the successive letters of the alphabet. the time being even (strange as it may seem).
;

Hence aepo'stie a., aero'stiCALLY adv. [-LY 2]

[acro- + Gk stikhos row, line of verse]
act l , n. Thing done, deed process of doing,
operation, as in the very a. of, A. of God
a'ctuapy, n. Expert authority on rates of
;
mortality and other details of life, fire, or ac-
cident insurance (formerly) registrar, notary.
;

(operation of uncontrollable natural forces) de- ; Hence actuap'iAL a. [f. L actuarius amanu-
cree passed by a legislative body &c. main ; ensis, book-keeper (actus; see actual and
division of a play (in Universities) thesis main-
; -ary i)]
tained by a candidate for a degree &c. [f. F a'ctuate, v.t. Communicate motion to (a
acte f. L actus -us doing and f. L actum thing machine &c); serve as motive to (person).
done ; see foil.] Hence actUA'TiON n. [f. med. L actuare
act 2 & i. Perform a play or part per-
, v.t. ;
(actus, as prec, see -ate 3
)]
sonate (character in a play or in life), as a. acu'ity, n. acuteness (as of
Sharpness,
Othello, a. the fool; perform actions, behave, needle, acid, disease, wit), [f. F acuite f. med.
as a. (behave) generously, a. (serve) as in- L acuitatem (acus -us needle ; see -ity)]
terpreter, a. upon (execute) a suggestion, a. acu'leate (-at), acu'leated, aa. (Zool.)
up to (put into practice) a principle perform ; having a sting; (Bot.) prickly; pointed, in-
special functions, as the policeman declined to cisive, [f . L aculeatus aculeus, see -ate 2 )] (

a., the brake refused to a., alcohol acts on the acu'leus, n. (pi. -I). (Zool.) sting; (Bot.)
brain, [f. L agere act- do] prickle. [L aculeus sting, dim. of acus needle]
 ;; ;;

ACUMEN 12 ADDUCT
acu'men, n. Keen discernment, penetra- (formerly) loadstone ;diamond. Hence ada-
tion. [L acumen -minis anything sharp (acuere ma'ntiNE 2 a. [f. OF adamaunt i. L adaman-
sharpen)] tem (nom. -mas) f. Gk adamas -mantos un-
acu'minate 1 (-at), a. (nat. hist.). Tapering tamable (a- not+damao I tame) used in Gk ;

to a point, [f. L acuminare (prec), see -ate 2 ] of the hardest metal, prob. steel in med. L of ;

aeuininate 2, v.t. Sharpen, point; give the loadstone, from confusion with ad-ama li-
poignancy to. Hence aeuminATiON, n. [as tem having an attraction for from 17th cent., ;

prec, see -ate 3 ] often a synonym for diamond]

aeu'te, a. Sharp, pointed (of angles) less ;
A'damite, n. Child of Adam, human being
than a right angle (of diseases) coming
;
sharply unclothed man; (Eccles.) name of sects who
to a crisis, opp. to chronic (of sensations, senses, imitated Adam in this respect; (pi.) a section
;

intellect) keen ;(of sounds) high, shrill (of of humanity supposed by some to be alone de-
;

letters) bearing the acute accent. Hence rived from Adam. [adam+ -ite]
aeu'teLY 2 adv., acu'teNESS. n. [f. L acuere ada'pt, v.t. Fit (a thing to another) make ;

-ut- sharpen] suitable (to or for a purpose). Hence or cogn.

acuti- in comb. Sharp, as -foliate sharp- adaptaBiLiTV, adaptATiON, nn., ada'pt-
leaved, -lobate sharp-lobed. [L comb, form of able, ada'ptiVE, aa. [f. F adapter f. L ad-
acutus acute] (aptare f. apt us fit)]
-aey, suf. forming nouns of state or quality ad capta'netum (vu'lgus), adv. &a. (Cal-
from or modelled on L -acta or -alia or Gk culated) to take the fancy (of the rabble). [L]
-ateia, (1) n. of quality f. L -aci-a f. adjj. in add, v.t. i.&Join (one thing to another),
-aci- fall- deceive fall-aci- deceitful fall-aci-a
:
as a. your entreaties to mine, a. insult to in-
fallacy. (2) n. of state or quality f. L -ati-a f. jury, this adds to (increases) our difficulties, he
nouns in -at- (nom. -as, -i- being part of stem added (stated further) that—, a. up or to-
or connecting link) med. L primat- primati-a
: gether (find the sum of), a. (perform the pro-
primacy ; and by analogy supremacy. (3) n. of cess of summation) cori^ectly, a. in (include),
state f. med. L -ati-a f. nouns in -atus ad- : [f. L AD(dere dit- = dare putfi
vocat-us advocat-ia advocacy and by analogy ; addendum, n. (pi. -da). Thing to be added ;

curacy. This formation was extended to adjj. appendix, addition. [L gerundive of addere
f. L -atus to form accuracy, obstinacy, from add]
accurate, obstinate, where L has nouns in -atio ; a'dder, n. Small venomous snake, esp.
hence other L words in -atio appear in E with Common Viper; Puff, Death, Horned, A.,
acy where E has no corresponding adj. in -ate, species of Viperidae; Flying A., dragon-fly;
as conspiracy; similarly, E -acy for L -atus A.'s tongue, genus of ferns, [f. OE nxdre (cf.
(n. of 4th decl.), as magistr-atus magistracy, OLG nadra, OHG natra) serpent n- lost in ;

gives rise to episcopacy as if f. E episcopate ME by wrong division of a naddre into an

and lunacy is formed to match lunatic on anal.
ol diplomacy diplomatic. (4) n. of state, through
L, f. Gk -ateia f. n. in -ates or vb in -ateuein:
peirates peirateia piracy.
ad-, pref. (1) f. L ad to, with sense of motion
or direction to, change into, addition, adher-
ence, increase, or mere intensification. Before
cfglnpqrst, and prob. before b, ad was in
later L assimilated before vowels and d h j
; additional, a.
m v, it was unchanged. In OF, L ad, wherever
recognized as such, became a-, even before
vowels, as aorner f. L adornare but later
addre nedder survives
; in dial.]
addi'ct, v.t. Devote, apply habitually, (to a
practice), as his tastes a. him, he addicts him-
self or his mind, he is addicted, to ; (Rom. Law)
deliver over by sentence of a judge. So ad-
di'etiON n. [f. L &r>(dicere diet- say) assign]
addi'tion, n. Process of adding ; thing
added. [F, f. L additionem (as add, see -ion)]
Added, supplementary.
Hence addi'tionalLY 2 adv. [prec. + -al]
a'ddle \ a. A. egg, rotten one, one that pro-
; duces no chicken empty, vain muddled, un-
; ;

the spelling was Latinized, sometimes with sound, as a.-brained, -head, -pated. [f. OE
changed pronunciation, both in F and still adela mud (cf. MLG
adele G adel) now used ;

more in E, where the OF forms had been only as adj.]

adopted. (The use of ad-, ab-, in pairs like a'ddle 2, v.t. & i. Muddle, confuse (of eggs) ;

adoral, aboral, situated at and aicay from grow addle, [f. prec]
mouth, is unknown to L.) (2) The pedantic a'ddled, a. Made addle, [addle a. assim. to
spelling ad- for a- was sometimes extended to p.p. addle v. existed]
form, apparently before
a- coming not from L ad- but f. L ab- (advance address , v.t. Communicate with (by word
J

F. avancer L ab-anteare), f. OF en- (addebted or letter), as a. myself or my remarks or a

OF endeM), f. OF es- f. L ex- (affray OF es- letter to a person, a. an audience, a. a letter
frayer), f. OE a- (accurse ME
a-curse), &c; so (write on cover directions for delivery) to a
admiral f. Arab, amiral. New native com- person; apply oneself to (a task). [f. F
pounds with E a- were falsely spelt in the same adresser f. LL *AV(drictiare f. drictum for
way. directum direct)]
-ad, suf. of nouns. (1) f. Gk -ad- (nom. -as), addre'ss 2 n. Readiness, skill, dexterity,
,

in collective numerals (monad, dyad, triad, adroitness ; superscription of letter, name of

chiliad, myriad) ; in fern, patronymics (Dryad, place to which person's letters are directed
Naiad) in names qf poems (Iliad, and by anal.
; act of dispatching a ship; manner, bearing,
Dunciad, Rosciad) ; and in family names of in conversation ; (pi.) courteous approach,
plants (liliad, asclepiad). (2) f. F -ade ; see the courtship, [f. prec. and f. F adresse n. f.
more usual -ade. adresser)
a'dage (-Ij), n. Traditional maxim, proverb. addressee*, n. Person to whom a letter is
[F, f. L adagium (ad to +agi-, root of aio I say)] addressed, [address l + -ee]
\ ada'gio (adahj-), adv. a., n., (mus.). Leisurely; addu'ee, v.t. Cite as proof or instance.
(n.) adagio movement. [It.] Hence addireeABLE, addu'eiBLE, aa. [f. L
A'dam, n. The first man; old A. (unre- AT>(diccere duct- lead)]
generate condition), A.'s ale or wine (water), addu'eent, a. (physiol.). (Of muscles) draw-
A.'s apple (projection of the thyroid cartilage ing to a common centre, [as prec, see -ent]
of the larynx). [Heb. a-dam man] addu'et, v.t. (physiol.). Draw to a common
a'damant, n. A thing impenetrably hard centre, [as adduce]
 ;;' ;;;;

ADDUCTION 13 ADMEASURE
addu'ction, n. Act of adducing; act of (n.) animal fat. Hence adipo'siTY n. [f.
adducting. [F, f. L adductionem (as prec, see L adeps -ipis fat+ -ose]
-ION)] a'dit, n. Approach; (of mines) horizontal en-
-ade, suf. of nouns. (1) f. F -ade, the form in trance act of approaching, [f. L Amtus -us
;

which Pr., Sp., or Port, wds in -ada f. L -ata (ire it- go)]
verbs in -are) were adopted
(fern. sing. p.p. of adja'eent, a. Lying near, contiguous. So
in F, often supplanting native F -be direct f. adja'CENCY n. [f. L
AD(jacere lie), see -ent]
L, as in accolade OF acolee. Now a living suf. a'djeetive, a. &
n. Additional, not standing
both in F wds, many of which are borrowed by.itself, dependent : a. colours (not permanent
by E {tirade, gasconnade), and in E (blockade, without a basis); Law A. (subsidiary part of
orangeade) E drops F e in ballad, salad.
; law, procedure) ; (Gram.) a., noun a., the name
Meanings action done (tirade, fusillade), body
: of an attribute, added to the name of a thing
concerned in action or process (ambuscade, to describe the thing more fully. Hence ad-
cavalcade), thing produced by action or from jeetrvALa^adjeeti'valLYSja'djeetiveLY 2 ,

material (masquerade, lemonade). (2) f. ¥ -ade advv. [F (-if, -ive), f. L adjectivus f. AT>(jicere
f. Gk -ada (nom. -as), as decade but in E usu. ject- = jacere throw), see -ive]
;

-ad. (3) f. Sp. or Port, -ado, masc. form corr. adjoi'n, v.t. Join, unite, (one thing to
to (1) above, with similar meaning (brocade), another) be contiguous with. [f. OF ajoindre ;

or that of the person affected (renegade). f. L AT>(jungere junct- join)]

a'denoids, n. pi. Mass of spongy tissue adjoup'n (-era), v.t. & i. Put off, postpone
between back of nose and throat, often hinder- postpone further proceedings (intr., of persons ;

ing inflation of lungs, [f Gk aden -enos acorn, met together) suspend joint proceedings and
.

gland] separate change the place of meeting. Hence ;

adept, n. & a. (One who is) thoroughly pro- adjou'pnMENT n. [f. OF ajorner f. LL ad-
ficient (in anything), [f. L adeptus p.p. of jurnare appoint a day (jum-vis day, cf. It.
AT>(ipisci = apisci f. root ap-) attain, used in giorno F jour, f. L diurnus daily f. dies
med. L as title by alchemists who 'had attained day)]
the great secret] adju'dge, v.t. Adjudicate upon (a matter)
a'dequate, a. Proportionate (to the require- pronounce judicially (that a thing is or a thing
ments); sufficient. Hence a'dequACY n., to be) condemn (person to penalty or to do) ;

adequateLY 2 adv. [f. L Avaequare make award judicially (thing to person). Hence
equal (aequus), see -ate 3 ] adju'dg-MENT n. [f. OF ajuger (as foil.)]
a deux (F), adv. & a. For two ; between adju'dicate, v.t. & i. (Of a judge or court)
two. decide upon (claim &c.) pronounce (person to ;

adhere*, v.i. Stick fast, cleave, to (a sub- be something); (intr.) sit in judgment and
stance, person, party, opinion), [f. L ad- pronounce sentence. Hence adjudicA'TiON,
(haerere haes- stick)] adju'dieatOR 2 nn., adju'dieatiVE a. [f.
,

adher'ent, a. & n. Sticking (to substance) L AD(jndicare f. judex -ids judge), see -ate 3]
due to connected with (to)
; ; (n.) supporter (of a'djunet, n. Subordinate (thing, person,
party &c). So adhep'ENCE n. [f. F adherent to another); personal enhancement; (Gram.)
(as prec, see -ent)] amplification of the predicate, subject, &c.
adhe'sion, n. Adhering (lit. and fig.) give (Logic) non-essential attribute. Hence ad-
;

in one's a., announce ones concurrence, [f. jirnetivE a., adjirnetiveLY 2 adv. [f. L as
F adhesion f. L adhaesionem (as adhere, see adjoin]
-ION)] adjure* (-joor), v.t. Charge (a person) under
adhesive, a. Having the property of ad- oath or penalty of curse (to do) request ;

hering sticky.
; Hence adhe'siveLY adv. earnestly. Hence adjupATiON n. [f. L ad-
2
[f. F adhesif, -ive (as adhere, see -ive)] (jurare swear) in LL sense put person to an '

adhi'bit, v.t. Put on, affix apply, ad- oath ;

']
minister, (remedies). So adhibi'tiON n. [f. adju'st, v.t. Arrange, put in order; har-
L AT>(hibere Mbit- = habere hold) employ] monize (discrepancies) adapt (to standard or ;

ad hoc, a. Arranged for this purpose, special. purpose). Hence adju'stABLE a., adju'st-
ment n. [f. 16th-c. F adjuster (mod. Fajuster)
a'diaba'tie, a. (physics). Impervious to f.med. L adjustare (not, as was thought, ad
heat, maintaining a constant temperature. +justus just, but)f. OF ajxister, ajouster (mod.
Hence a*diaba*tiealLY 2 adv. [f. Gk adia- F ajouter) f. LL AT>(juxtare bring together f.
batos impervious (a- not-hdia through+ba£os juxta near) those meanings of OF ajuster that ;

passable f. baino go) + -ic] seemed connected with L Justus being given
adia'ntum, n. Genus of ferns including the to the new adjuster, formed when the conn,
True Maidenhair; {pop.) Black Maidenhair. of OF ajuster with adjustare came to be con-
[L, f. Gk adianton maidenhair, lit. un wetted (a- cealed by the new spelling ajouter]
not +diaino wet)] ad j u'tage, aj-, n. Mouthpiece of an artificial
adia'phorism, n. Latitudinarianism. So fountain, [f. F ajoutage (ajouter add, join
adia'phoriST n. [f. Gk adiaphoros (a- not see prec. and -age)]
+diaphoros different f. dia apart+j>/terdbear) a'djutant, a. & n. Assistant (Mil.) officer ;

+ -ism] in the army who assists superior officers by

adieu (adu ), int. & n. Good-bye make, communicating orders, conducting correspon-
-
;

take, one's a., say good-bye. [F (d to+Dieu dence, &c, whence a'djutancY n. gigantic ;

God)] Indian stork, [f. L adjutare frequent, as foil.,

ad infinitum, adv. Without limit, forever. see -ant]
[L] a'djuvant, a. & n. Helpful, auxiliary
ad i'nterim, adv. & a. For the meantime. person, thing, that helps. [F, f. L Ai>(juvare
[L] jut- help), see -ant]
a'dipoeere, n. Greyish fatty substance ad fi'bitum, adv. (abbr. ad lib.). At pleasure,
generated in dead bodies subjected to moisture. to any extent. [L]
[f. F adipocire (L adeps -ipis fat-f- -o- -Voire admea'supe (-zher), v.t. Apportion, assign
wax f. L cera)] in due shares, [f. OF amesurer f. LL ad-
a'dipose, a. & n. Pertaining to fat, fatty (mensurare measure)]
 ; ;

ADMEASUREMENT 1* ADORER
admeasurement, Process of admea- n. trance or access (to place, class, privileges, &c)
suring ; comparison dimensions, [f OF a- ; . accept as valid or true, whence admi'ttedLY 2
mesurement (as prec, see -ment)] adv. acknowledge (thing to be, that it is)
;

adminicle, n. Auxiliary (Law) corrobora- ; (abs.) this, I admit, was wrong; (of enclosed
tory evidence. Hence admini'culAR x a. [f. spaces) have room for; a. of, leave room for
JjADmdniculum prop (?namis hand)] (doubt, improvement), [f. F admettre f. L.
admi'nistep, v.t. & i. Manage (affairs) XD(mittere miss- let go)]
dispense (justice, sacraments, to) tender (oath ; admi'ttable, a. Capable of being admitted
to) ; furnish, give, (thing to) ; apply (remedies (usu. to a place), [prec. + -able]
to) ; (intr.) act as administrator; contributed admittance, n. Admitting, being admitted,
(one's comfort &c). Hence admi'nistrABLE [admit+-ance] (usu. to a place).
a. [f. admi'x, v.t. & i. Add. as an ingredient;
OF aministrer f. L xn(ministrare min-
ister)] mingle (with something). So admi'xtURE n.
administration, n. Management (0/ busi- [ad-+mix; perh. due to admixt, really f. L
ness) management of public affairs, govern- admixt- p.p. of xT>(miscere mixt- mix),* but
;

ment; the ministry, the Government; (Law) taken for an E p.p.]

management of deceased person's estate Let- admd'nish, v.t. Exhort (person to do, that ;

ters of A., authority to administer estate of he should do); give advice; warn (of a thing);
an intestate, opp. to probate dispensation (of inform, remind, (of a thing, that). Hence ad-
;

justice, &c); tendering (of oath); application mo*nishMENTn. [OEamonestf. OF amonester

(of remedies), [(perh. thr. F) f. L administratio f. LL admonestare irreg. f. AD(m,onere monit-
(as prec, see -ation)] warn) amonest having dropped final -t (sup- ;

administrative, a. Pertaining to manage- posed to be p.p. ending) became admonish on

ment of affairs; executive. Hence admi'ni- anal, of aboliss abolish &c]
strativeL y 2 adv. [f. L administrativus (as admoni'tion, n. Admonishing ; warning,
prec, see -ive)] reproof. So admo'nitORY a. [E OF amoni-
administrator, n. Manager one capable ; tion f. L admonitionem (asprec, see -ion)]
of organizing one who performs official duties
; act nau'seam. adv. To a disgusting extent.
applier or giver (of)
(of religion, justice, &c.) ; [LJ
one authorized to manage estates for legal adno'minal, a. Belonging to an adnoun;
owner during minority, &c, or estates of one attached to a noun. [f. L adnomen variant of
who dies without appointing competent execu- agnomen in the sense (not L) 'attached to a
tors. Hence admi'nistratorsHip, admi'n- noun' (ad to+ nomen noun)]
istraTRix, nn. [L, as administeRj see -or 2] a'dnoun, n. Adjective, word added to a
a'dmirable(-mer-), a. Surprisingly good, ex- noun substantive; adjective used substan-
cellent. Hence a'dmirabLY 2 adv. [F, f. L tively. [L L ad to+NOUN on anal, of adverb]
admirabilis (as admire, see -able)] ado* (-00), n. Action, business, fuss difficulty, ;

a'dmiral (-mer-), n. Commander-in-chief of [f. Norse at — to with infinitive)-}- do; much (

a country's navy (in England, formerly Lord ado prop. =much to do; but much being taken
High A.); naval officer of highest rank, com- as adj., ado is treated as n.]
mander of fleet or squadron A. of the Fleet, -ado, suf. of nouns. (1) f. Sp. or Port, -ado
;

A., Vice- A., Rear- A., the four grades of A. in f. L -at us p.p. of vbs in -are, as desperado L
England privileged commander of fishing or
; desperatus (desperare); sometimes changed
merchant fleet; ship that carries the a., Flag- in E to -ode, as renegado, now renegade. (2)
ship Red A., White A., two European species
; Ignorant refashioning of nouns in -ade f. F
of butterfly. Hence a'dmiralSHip n. [f. OF -ade — Sp. -ada It. -ata, as crusado Sp. cruzada,
amiral Arab, amir commander al of the
f. scalado Sp. escalada.
(Faithful, Sea, &c), Latinized as amvralis, but adole'scent (-esnt), n. & a. (Person) growing
refashioned (see ad-) as admiralis, and con- up, between childhood and manhood (11 to
fused with L admirari wonder at, whence 25) or womanhood (12 to 21). So adole'SGENCE,
med. L admirabilis mundi ruler of the world] -ency, nn. [F, f. L AD(o"escere ult- incept, of
a'dmiralty, n. Office of admiral branch ; olere grow), see -ent]
of the executive that superintends the navy Ado'nis, n. Beautiful youth loved by
(in England, Lords Commissioners of A.) ; Venus; beau, dandy; (Bot.) genus including
Court of A., tribunal for trial and decision of Pheasant's Eye (Entom.) the butterfly Clifton
;

maritime questions and offences, [f. OF ad- Blue. [Gk, '£. Phoen. adon lord, title of a
miralty see admiral and -ty]
; divinity]
admira'tion (-mer-), n. Pleased contempla- a'donize, v. refl. & i. Adorn, dandify, (one-
tion (formerly) wonder the a. of, admired by
; ; self) ;
play the Adonis. [adonis+-ize]
note of a. (!). [F, f. L admirationem (as foil., ado'pt, v.t. Take (person) into a relationship
see -ation)] he did not previously occupy; take (idea, &c)
admire*, v.t. Regard with pleased surprise from some one else; choose. Hence adopt-
or approval; (formerly) wonder at, wonder, aBi'LiTY, ado'ptiON, nn., ado'ptABLE a. [f.
[f. F admirer f. L \D(mirari wonder at)] F adopter f. L AD(optare choose, frequent,
admir'er, n. One that admires lover, ; [ad- of obs. opere opt- wish) adopt esp. child]
MIRE+-ER ] 1
ado'ptive, a. Due to adoption, as a. son,
admi'ssible, a. (Of idea or plan) worthy father; apt to adopt. Hence ado'ptiveLY 2
to be entertained; (law) allowable as judicial adv. [F (-if, -ive), f. L adoptivus see prec. and
;

proof; capable of being admitted (to office or -ive]

Eosition). Hence admissiBi LiTY -
n. [F, f. adore*, v.t. Regard with the utmost respect
L admissibilis (as admit, see -ble)] and affection; (poet.) worship as a deity; (in
admi'ssion, n. Admitting, being admitted, R. C. Church) reverence with representative
(to society of persons or class of things); ac- honours (the Host &c). So ador'ABLE a.,
knowledgment (of thing as true, that it is ador*abLY 2 adv., adorA'TioNn. [f. F adorer
true), [f. L admissio (as foil., see -ion)] f. L AD(orare speak f. os oris mouth) salute
admi'ssive, a. Tending to admit, [f. L worship]
admissivus (as foil., see -ive)] ador'er, n. "Worshipper; ardent admirer,
admi't, v.t. i. (-U-). &
Allow (person &c) en- lover. [prec-f-ER 1 ]
 = .
;

ADORN 15 ADVERSE
ador*n, v. t. Add beauty or lustre to furnish ; abanteare (abante = ab away + ante before,
with ornaments. So ador'nMENT n. [f. F whence F avant see ad-)] ;

adorner f. L \T>(ornare furnish) deck out] adva'nee 2, n. Going forward; progress;

adow'n, ad v. & prep, (archaic.poet. do wn 3 ). . personal approach, overture; rise in price;
OE of dime off the mount (see down n.)]
[f.
1 payment beforehand, loan; in a., before (of
ad rem, adv. & pred. a. To the point to ; place or time), [f. prec. and f. F avance n. (as
the purpose. [L] prec.)]
adri'ft, adv. In a drifting condition, at the advantage 1 (-ij), n. Better position, prece-
mercy of wind and tide or of circumstances. dence, superiority; favourable circumstance,
[a prep.+DRiFT 1 ] whence advantageous a., advanta*-
adroi't, a. Having address, dexterous. g-eousLY 2 adv. (in Tennis) next point or game
;

Hence adroi'tLY 2 adv., adroi'tNESS n. [F, won after deuce points or games; have the a.
orig. = rightly (a to+droit right f. OF dreit of, gain an a. over, have, acquire, a better
f. LL drictiim f. L direction right; see di- position than take a. (avail oneself) of a cir-
;

rect 2 )] cumstance; take a. of (overreach) a person;

adry", adv. & pred. a. Dry; thirsty, [a- take a person at a. (by surprise) a.-grounct ;

+DRY on anal, of aeold, at hirst, the prep, a in

1 (usu. vantage-), position that gives superiority,
these being misunderstood] [f. F avantage (avant; see advance v. and
adseiti'tious, a. Adopted from without; -AGE)]
supplemental, [f. L AT>(sciscere seit- inceptive advantage 2
ij), v.t. Be beneficial to be an
( ;

know) + -itious]
of scire advantage to; further, promote, [f. F avan-
adscriptus gle'bae, a. & n. (Serf) at- tager (avantage; see prec.)]
tached to thesoil. [L] a'dvent, n. Season before the Nativity;
a'dsum, v.i. I am here. [L] coming of Christ, Incarnation second coming ;

a'dulate, v.t. Flatter basely. So adu- of Christ; any (important) arrival, [f. OF
Ia'tion, a'dulatOR 2, nn., a'dulatORY a. advent, auvent f. L adventus -us arrival f.
[f. L
adulari faAvn on, see -ate 3 ] XD(venire vent- come)]
Adu'llamite, n. M.P. seceding from Liberal adventi'tious, a. Coming from without;
Party in 1866. [Adullam (1 Sam. xxii. 1, 2)+ accidental, casual (Law, of property) coming
;

-ite] from a stranger or by collateral, not direct,

adu'lt, a. & n. (One who is) grown up; succession. Hence adventi'tiousLY 2 adv.
mature, adolescent]
[as [f. L adventicius (med. L -itius) coming to us

adu'lterant, a. & n. (Thing) employed in from abroad (as prec, see -itious)]
adulterating, [as foil., see -ant] adventure 1 (-tsher), n. Risk,danger; daring

adu'lterate 1 (-at), a. Stained (in conduct enterprise unexpected incident commercial

; ;

or in birth) by adultery (of things) spurious, ;

specvilation hazardous activity, [f. OF aven-
;

counterfeit, [as foil., see -ate 2 ] ture i. L adventura (res thing) about to happen
adu'lterate 2, v.t. Falsify by admixture of (as advent)]
baser ingredients. So adulter a tion, adu'l-
#
adventure 2 (-tshe?-), v.t. & i. Hazard, im-
teratOR 2 nn. [f. L adidterare corrupt (a-
,
peril, (oneself, thing); incur risk; dare to go
dulter adulterer, perh. f. ad to+alter other); or come (into, in, upon, a place) dare to enter ;

replaces obs. vb adulter f. OF] on, upon, (undertaking), [f. OF aventurer (as
adu'lterer, n. One guilty of adultery. So prec.)]
adu'ltePESS 1 adulter v.
n. [f. (see prec. and adventurer, n. One who seeks adven-
-er 1 ); obs. adulter, avouter, are f. OF avoutre tures soldier of fortune ; speculator one who
; ;

f. L adulter] lives by his wits. [f. F aventurier (as ad-

adu'lterme, adultery; a-
a. Of, born of, venture 1 see -er 1 )]
,

dulterated, counterfeit unlicensed, [f. ; illegal, adve'nturesome, a. Given to adventures.

L adulterinus born of adultery, spurious [adventure x + -some]
{adidter adulterer, see -ine 1 )] adventuress, n. Female adventurer;
adu'ltery, n. Voluntary sexual intercourse woman on the look-out for a position, [f. ad-
of married person with one of opposite sex, venturer, see -ess]
married (double a.) or not (single a.). So adventurous, a. Rash, venturesome
adu'lterous a., adu'lterousLY 2 adv. [f. enterprising. Hence adventurousLY 2 adv.
OF avoutrie, aiilterie (L adulter adulterer, OF aventuros (as adventure 1 see -ous)]
[f. ,

see -y 1 ), reformed on F adultere f. L adulte- a'dverb, n. Word that modifies or qualifies

i rivm] an adjective, verb, or other adverb, express-
adu'mbral, a. Overshadowing, shady, [f. ing a relation of place, time, circumstance,
ad-+ L umbra shade + -al] manner, &c. (e. g. gently, so, new, where, xohy).
a'dumbrate, v.t. Represent in outline; [f. F adverbe f. L ADverbimn (verbum word,
faintly .indicate; typify, foreshadow; over- verb) transl. of Gk epir^rhema addition to a
shadow. Hence or cogn. adumbrAHON n., predication]
adu'mbraTiVE a. [f. L &D(umbrare f. umbra adver'bial, a. Pertaining to an adverb ; of
the nature of an adverb. Hence ad ver 'bialu Y
2
shade), see -ate 3 ]
ad un'auem (fa'ctus), a. Highly finished. adv. [ f. L adverbialis (adverbium see prec. ;

[L] and -al)] r

_
adu'st, a. Scorched,'dried up, parched ; sun- ad vet- hum, adv. & a. Word for word. [L]
burnt; atrabilious, gloomy, [f. L.AD(z*rere ust- a'dversary, n. Opponent, antagonist,
burn)] enemy the A., the Devil, [f. OF
;
aversier f. I*
udversarius opposed (as adverse, see -ary )]
1
ad valor-em, adv. (Of taxes) in pro- & a,
portion to estimated value of goods. [L] adver 'sati ve, a. (Of words, &c. ) expressing
&
adva'nee 1 , v.t. i. Move or put forward; opposition or antithesis. Hence adve'rsa-
promote (plans, persons) ; bring forward (claims, tiveLY 2 adv. [f. L adversativus (adversary
suggestions) accelerate (events) ; pay (money)
; oppose, see foil, and -ive)]
before it is due lend ; raise (price) ; (intr.) move
;
a'dverse, a. Contrary, hostile, (to) hurtful, ;

forward; make progress; rise (in price) (p.p.) injurious, (to) placed opposite. Hence a'd-
;

verseLY 2 adv. [f. OF avers I L AV(vertere

;

far on in progress, as advanced studies, ideas.

So adva'neeMENT n. [f. OF avancer f. LL vers- turn)]
 ;; e ;

ADVERSITY 16 AESCULAPIUS
adver'sity, n. Condition of adverse for- -se, -ae, pi. suf. of L nouns of 1st decl. in -a,
tune misfortune, [f. OF aversite f. L adver-
;
and L form of Gk -ai pi. of nouns of 1st decl. in
sitatem (as prec., see -ty)J -e, -a, -es, -as ; kept in non-naturalized words
adver't, v.i. Refer to (in speaking or writ- {laminae, larvae), esp. in proper names (Hera-
ing), [f. 14th-c. E averte f. F avertir f. LL clidae) and names of animal and plant orders
AT>(vertere=~L vertere turn) draw attention to (Felidae, Rosidae) ; varying with -as in some
F avertir (see ad-) was written adv- to dist. wds ace to degree of familiarity (actiniae, -as)
it from obs. avertir f. LL avertere turn away or of technicality (mathematical formulae,
(ab), and E adopted this in advert and ad- theological formidas) ; familiar wds take -as
vertise] {areas, hyenas, Jidias).
a'dvertise (-z), v.t. & i. Notify, warn, in- ae'dile, n. Roman magistrate who superin-
form, (person of thing, that) make generally ; tended public buildings, shows, police, &c
known (thing by circular, in journal, also abs.) Hence ae'dilesmp n. [f. L aedilis (aedes
a. for, ask for by public notice, [f. F avertir (st. house, see -ile)]
-iss-) see advert]
; ae'ger (ejer), n. (In Eng. univv.) note certi-
advertisement, n. Public announcement fying that student [L,=sick] is ill.

(usu. by placards or in journals), [f. F aver- aegis (e'jis), n. Protection, impregnable de-
iissement (as prec, see -ment)] fence (Myth.) shield of Zeus or Athene. [L,
;

advree, n. Opinion given or offei'ed as to f. Gk aigis, etym. dub. ]

action, counsel information given, news (pi.)
; ;
aegro'tat, n. (In Eng. univv.) certificate
communications from a distance; (commerc.) that student is too ill to attend examination,
formal notice of transactions, [f. OF avis f. &c [L: = he is sick (aeger)]
LL *advisum {ad to+visum p.p. of videre see)] Aed'lian, a. (1) Of Aeolis, district of Asia
advi'sable, a. To be recommended ex- ; Minor colonized by ancient Greeks (Mus.) A. ;

pedient.Hence advisaBi'LiTY, advi'sable- mode, ninth of the church modes. (2) Of

ness, nn., advi'sabLY 2 adv. [f. foil. + Aeolus, god of winds A. harp, stringed instru- ;

-able] ment producing musical sounds on exposure

advi'se (-z), v.t. & i. Offer counsel to (com- ; to wind. L Aeolixis (1. Aeolis Gk
[f. Aiolis ;

merc.) announce take counsel with. [f. F aviser

;
2. Aeolus Gk Aiolos) + -an]
f. LL advisare (advisum, see advice)] Aeoiie, a. &
Aeolian (dialect), [f. Ln.
advi'sed, a. Deliberate, considered, whence f. Gk aiolikos (as prec, see -ic)J
advi*sedLY 2 adv. judicious; ill-a., injudici- ;
ae'olipyle, -pile, n. Instrument fpr show-
ous, [p.p. of prec] ing force of steam escaping through narrow
advi'sory (-z-), a. Giving advice consisting ; aperture, [f. F xolipyle f. L Aeoli pylae f.

in giving advice, [advise + -orv] Gk Aiolou pxdai gates of Aeolus, god of

ad vitam aut cwlpam, adv. During winds]
good behaviour. [L] aeolo'tropy, n. Change of physical quali-
a'dvoeaey, Function of an advocate
n. tiesconsequent on change of position, [f. Gk
pleading in support of. [f. F advocacie, -tie, f. aiolos changeful + -tropia turning]
med. L advocatia (as foil., see -acy)] ae'on, e*on, n. An age of the universe,
a'dvocate n. One who pleads for
1 (-at), immeasurable period; eternity; (Platonic
another; one who
speaks in behalf of (pro- philosophy) a power existing from eternity,
posal, &c); professional pleader in courts of emanation or phase of the supreme deity. [L
justice Facidty of Aa., Scotch bar Lord A.,
; ; aeon f. Gk aion age]
principal law-officer of crown in Scotland. a* rate, v.t. Expose to mechanical or
Hence a'dvoeatesHiP n., a'dvoeatORY a. chemical action of air; charge with carbonic
[f. F avocat f. L advocatus p.p. (as n.) of ad- acid gas (formerly called fixed air). Hence
(vocare oall)] aePA TioN n. [f. L aer air+ -ate 3 ]
-

a'dvocate 2 Plead for, defend, recom-

, v.t. aer'ial, a. Of air, gaseous; thin as air,
mend publicly, [f. prec] etherial immaterial, imaginary of, in, the
; ;

advowson, n. Right of presentation to a atmosphere, atmospheric; existing, moving,

benefice, [f. OF avoeson f. med. Ytadvocationem in the air. Hence aeria'liTY n., aer'ialiA'2
function of patron (as prec, see -ion)] adv. [f. L f. Gk aerios {aer air)+ -al]
adyna'mia, n. Want of vital force phy- ;
aerie, aery, eyrie, eyry, (aeri, lr i), n.
sical prostration. Hence adyna'mic a. [Gk Nest of bird of prey, esp. eagle, or of raven
adunamia (a- not+dunamis power)] or other bird that builds high up human re- ;

a'dytum, n. (pi. -ta). Innermost part of a sidence perched high on mountain brood of ;

temple private chamber, sanctum. [L, f. Gk

;
bird of prey. [f. med. L aeria, aerea, f. F
aire, perh. f. L area level ground or L
*
aduton not to be entered (a- not+duton vbl adj.
of duo enter)] atrium hall]
adze, n. & v.t. Tool for cutting away sur- a'eriform, a. Of the form of air, gaseous
face of wood, like axe with arched blade at unsubstantial, unreal, [f. L aer air+ -form]
right angles to handle (vb) cut with a. [OE ;
aero- in comb. Air, atmosphere, as -drome, :

adesa, etym. dub.] aviation course -dyiiamics, branch of pneu-;

se, ae, symbol repr. a vowel sound betw. a matics treating of air in motion; -lite, -lith,
and e. (1) In OE short se repr. orig. Teut. short meteorite -naxd, balloonist, whence -nauti-
;

a, the sound o f a in man replaced after 1100

. ; c(al), aa., -naidics, n. -plane, flying-machine ;

usu. by a sometimes by e. Long se repr. same using plane(s) for support; -stat, aviator,
sound prolonged, and was replaced in 13th c (formerly) balloon -static, of air-navigation or;

by e or ee. (2) In 16th c se was reintroduced to aerostatics (science of equilibrium and pres-
repr. L ae and Gk ai as, xdify (L aedificare), ; sure of air) -station, air-navigation. [Gkcomb.
;

xther (Gk aither). In familiar wds se gave form of aer air]

place to e, {edify, ether), being kept (pron. e) in aeru'glnous (efoo-), a. Of the nature or
some Gk and L proper names (JEneas, Caesar, colour of verdigris, or copper-rust. [f. Yirugi-
but Judea, Etna), in names of Gk and Roman neux f. L aeruginosus (aerugo -inis verdigris f.
antiquities (xdile, xgis), and in some scientific aes aeris brass, see -ous)]
terms (xtiology, phxnogamous but pheno- Aescula'pius, n. Roman god of medicine
menon, museum). physician. Hence Aeseula'piAN a. [L]
 ;;

AESTHETE 17 AFFLUX
ae'sthete (es-), n. Professed appreciates of affettuo'so, adv. (mus.). Feelingly. [It.]
the beautiful, [f. Gk aisthetes one who per- affi'ance », n. Faith, trust (in) pledging of ;

ceives (as foil.)] faith, esp. plighting of troth in marriage, [f.

aesthe'tic, Belonging to the apprecia-
a. OF afiance f. after trust f. LL AFfidare (fides
tion of the beautiful having such apprecia- ; faith), see -axce]
tion in accordance with principles of good
; affi'ance 2 , v.t. Promise solemnly in mar-
taste. Hence aesthe'ticAL a., aesthe'ti- riage (usu. pass.), [f. OF afiancer f. afiance,
calLY 2 adv., aesthe'tieiSM, aesthe'tics, seeprec]
nn. [f. Gk aisthetikos (aisthanomai perceive, aff ida'vit, n. Written statement, confirmed
see -ic)] by oath, to be used as judicial proof. (Strictly,
aestho- physio'logy, n. Scientific study deponent swears an a., judge takes it; but
of the organs of sensation, [irreg. f. Gk aisth- in pop. use deponent makes or takes it.) [L,=
perceive+PHYSiOLOGYj has stated on faith or oath, f. AFfidare, see af-
aestival, estival,(e*stival, esti'val), a. Be- fiance 2 ]
longing to, appearing in, summer. [F (es-), f. L affi'liate, v.t. (Of an institution) adopt (per-
aestivalis aestivus (aestus heat), see -ive, -al]
f. sons as members, societies as branches) attach ;

ae'stivate (est-, est-), v.i. Spend the summer, (persons, societies) to, connect (them) with, (a
esp. (Zool.) in state of torpor, [f. L aestivare, society) ; (Law) fix paternity of (illegitimate
see -ate 3 ] child on putative father) for purpose of main-
aestiva'tion (est-, est-), n. (Zool.) aestivat- tenance ; ascribe (child) to its parent ; father (a
ing (Bot.) arrangement of petals in flower-bud
; thing) upon, trace (it) to. So affiliATiON n.
before expansion, [f. prec, see -ation] [f. L AYfiliare adopt (filius son), see -ate 3 ]
aetio'logry, n. Assignment of a cause affvned, a. Related, connected, [f. F affine
philosophy of causation (Med.) science of the ; (afiin f. L affinis, see foil.) -ED 1 ; + no vb in F
causes of disease. So aetiolo*g"iCAL a., orE]
aetiolo'glealLY 2 adv. [f. L f. Gk aitiologia aff i'nity, n. Relationship, relations, by mar-
(aitia cause, see -logy)] riage ; relations, kindred, in general ; structural
af-, pref. = ad- before/. resemblance (between animals, plants, lan-
afar*, adv. From a distance at, to, a dis- ; guages) (fig.)similarityof character suggesting
;

tance (in prose, usu. a. off), [f. OE feor far relationship, family likeness liking attrac- ; ;

adv., with prepp. of, on] tion (Chem.) tendency of certain elements to
;

a'ffable, a. Easy of address, courteous, unite with others, [f. F. affiniU f. L affinita-
complaisant. Hence or cogn. affaBi'LiTY n., tem (AFfinis related, lit. bordering on, f. finis
a'ffabLY 2 adv. [F, f. L affabilis f. AF(fari end, see -ty)]
speak), see -ble] affip'm, v.t. & i. Assert strongly, aver;
affair*, n. Thing to be done concern, busi- ; make formal declaration (Logic, Gram.) state ;

ness, matter, as that is my a. (pi.) ordinary ; in the affirmative MLaw) confirm, ratify, (judg-
pursuits of life a. of honour, duel ; (colloq.,
; ment). Hence affir'niABLE, affir'matORY,
of material things) a gorgeous &c. a. [f. OF aa. [f. OF afermer f. L AFfirviare (firmus
afaire (a faire to do), cf. ado] strong)]
affe'et v.t. Practise, use, as a. a costume
1
, ; affirma'tion, n. Affirming, esp. (Law)
[of things) tend to assume (form, shape, &c); solemn declaration by person who con-
assume (character), as a. the freethinker pre- ; scientiously declines taking an oath. [F, f. L
tend to have or feel (indifference &c.) pretend ; affirmationem (as prec, see -ation)]
(to do), [f. F affect er f. L affectare aim at, affir'mative, a. & n. Affirming, answering
pretend to have, frequent, of AF(ficere feet- = yes (Logic) expressing agreement of the two
;

facere do)] terms of a proposition; answer in the a.,

affe'et 2 , v.t. Attack (as disease); move, answer yes, say that a thing is so. Hence
touch, (in mind), whence affe'etingxv 2 adv. affir'mativeLY 2 adv. [F (-if, -ive), f. L
produce (material) be
effect on ; (pass., archaic) affirmativus (as prec, see -ive)]
assigned, allotted, (to particular service &c). affi'x 1 v.t. Fix, fasten, (thing to, on); im-
,

[(perh. thr. F) f. L afficere attach to (see prec.)] press (seal, stamp) add in writing (signature, ;

affeeta'tion, n. Studied display of; arti- postscript); attach (censure, salary), [(perh. thr.
manner ; pretence, [f. L affectatio
ficiality of MF affixer, occas. refash. of OF aficher F
pursuit after (as affect 1 see -ation)] , afficher) f. med. L affixare frequent, of L
affe'eted, a. Artificially assumed or dis- af( figere fix- fix)]
played pretended ; (of persons) full of affecta-
; a'ffix 2, n. Appendage, addition; (Gram.)
tion, artificial, whence affe'etedLY 2 adv., addition placed at the beginning or end of
affe'etedNESS n. ; (with adv.) disposed, in- root, stem, or word, to modify its meaning,
clined, (toivards or abs.) ; attacked (as by dis- [f. F ajfixe f. L affigere ^see prec)]
ease) ; moved in the feelings ; acted upon affi'xture, n. Affixing, [f. affix l after fix-
physically, [affect a 2 + -ed j ] > ture correct form (on L) would be affixure]
;

affe'etion, n. Affecting; mental state, affia'tus, n. Communication of super-

emotion, whence affe'etion al a. ; disposition natural knowledge divine impulse, poetic or ;

(toivards) ; goodwill, love, (toicards) bodily ; other inspiration. [L vbl n. f. AF(flare blow)]
;

state due to any influence ; malady, disease affii'et, v.t. Distress with bodily or mental
mode of being ; property, quality, attribute. suffering, [f. 14th-c afflict adj., f. OF aflit f. L
[F, f. L affectionem (as affect 2 see -ion)] AF(fligere -flict- dash)] ,

affe'etionate (-at), a. Loving fond (of afni'etion, n. Misery, distress; pain, cala- ; ;

things) showing love or tenderness. Hence mity. So affii'etiVE a. [F, f. L afflictionevi

affe'etionateLY 2 adv., affe'ctionateNEss (as prec, see -ion)]
n. [Latinized f. F affectionn6] affluent 1 , a. Flowing freely, copious;
affe'etive, a. Pertaining to the affections, abounding (esp. in riches), wealthy. Hence
emotional. [F (-if, -ive), f. med. L affectivus or cogn. a'ffiuENCE n., a'ffiuentLY 2 adv. [F,
(as affect 2 see -ive)] , f. L AF(fluereflux- flow), see -ent]
a'fferent, a. Conducting inwards or to- a'ffiuent 2, n. Tributary stream, [f. prec,
wards, as a. nerves, a. vessels, [f. L AF(ferre prob. after F]
bring), see -ent] a'ffiux, n. Flow towards a point, esp. of
 ; ;

AFFORD 18 AGAMOGENESIS
humours ; accession, [f. med. L affluxus -us, aft, adv. (naut.). In or near stern of ship ; to-
vol n. as affluent] wards the stern; fore and from stem to a.,
affop'd, v.t. (With can) have the means, he stern, lengthwise (also as adj. f.-and-a.). [OE
rich enough, (to do), manage to spare ; furnish, seftan cogn. w. Goth, aftana from behind, f.
hestow; (of things) yield supply of. [OE gefor- afta behind (a/ off + -ta superl. suf.) ; after, aft,
thian (ge- pref. implying completeness -\-for- are orig. compar. and superl.]
thian advance f. forth forward) ge- was re- ; a'fteP 1 , adv., prep., conj. Behind (prep. &
duced to a-, which was corrupted to af- after adv.) in pursuit t»f, as run a., inquire a. con-
; ;

L (see ad-)] cerning, as look, see, a. ; for, as hanker, yearn,

affo'pest, v.t. Convert into forest or hunt- a. ; following in point of time ; a. (the lapse of)
ing-ground. So afforest a tion n. [f. med. three months in view of, as a. such behaviour ;
;

L. AFforestare (foresta forest)] next in importance to ; according to, as a. this

affpa'nehise, Free from servitude or
v.t. pattern, a. a fashion ; in imitation of (person),
obligation, [f. F affranchiss- lengthened st. of as a. Rembrandt ; in allusion to, as named a. ;
affranchir (a to +franchir free f. franc, see (conj.) in, at, the time subsequent to that at
frank)] which, as a. he went, goes, has gone, had gone.
affray*, n. Breach of the peace, caused by [OE aefter (af off + cornpar. suf. -ter) cogn. w.
fighting or riot in a public place, [f. OF effrci OHGaftar, Gk. apdtero cf. prec] ;

f. esfreer, vb f LL EXfridare (\A\>fridus f. Teut.

. a'ftep 2 , a. Later, following, as a. years;
fridhu, OHfridh, peace); cf. afraid] (Xaut.) hinder, posterior, as a. cabin, masts.
affpigrh't *, v.t. (archaic). Frighten, [late [f. prec]
formation on fright v., partly due to obs. a'ftepbipth, n. Membrane enveloping the
affright p.p. of OE *afyrhtan (a- intensive)] foetus in the womb, so called because its
affrig-h't 2, n. (archaic). Alarm, terror, [f. extrusion follows that of the infant, [after a.]
prec] a'ftepglow, n. Glow in the West after
affpo'nt 1 (-unt), v.t. Insult openly; put to sunset, [after a.]
the blush, offend the modesty or self-respect a'ftep-g-pass, n. Grass that grows after
of face, confront, [f. OF afronter slap in the
;
first crop has been mown for hay, or among
face, insult, f. LL AFfrontare (frons -tis face)] stubble after harvest, [after a.]
affpo'nt 2 (-unt), n. Open insult, as put a. a'ftepmath, n. After-grass, [after a. -f-
upon, offer an a. to, feel it an a. [f. prec] math mowing, OE ??i3eth f. OTeut. root ??i36MOW]
affu'sicn, n. Pouring on, esp. of water on a'ftepmost, a. (naut.). Nearest the stern,
the body in one kind of baptism (Med.) pour- ;
most aft. [OE xftemest, a treble superl. of af
ing of water, usually 50° to 70° Fahr., upon fever off with compar. suf. inserted, a/+ te (r) + me
patients, L
af( fundere fits- pour), see -ion]
[f. + st]
afie'ld, adv. On or in the field (esp. of afternoo'n, n. The time from noon to even-
labour or battle); to the field; away from ing, as in, during, the a., on Wednesday a.,
home, at a distance, as /or a. [a prep.] (fig.) the a. of [after prep.]
life,
afire*, adv. &
pred. a. On fire (lit. & fig.), [a a'fteppieee, Farce or smaller entertain-
n.
prep.] ment after a play, [after a.]
afla'me, adv. & pred. a. In flame, in a glow a'ftepthouglit, n. Reflection after the act
of light, (lit. & fig.), [a prep.] later expedient or explanation, [after a. or
afloa't, adv. & pred. a. In a floating condi- adv.]
tion at sea, on board ship, in naval service
; a'ftepwapds, adv. Later, subsequently.
full of water ; floating in the air out of debt, ; [OE xftaniceard, a. (xftan aft + ward, cor-
paying one's way; in full swing; in general rupted in OE to xfterweard, + adv. genit.
circulation, current (Commerc.) in currency as ; suf. -es]
negotiable document unsettled, adrift. [OE ; ag"-, pref. - ad- before g.
onflote (on prep. + float n.)] a'gra (or crgah'), n. Commander, chief officer,
it fond (F), adv. Thoroughly, fully. inOttoman empire. [Turk, agha master]
afoo't, adv. & pred. On one's own feet; agai* n, adv. Another time, once more ; a.
astir, on the move in operation or employ- ; and a., time and a., repeatedly; ever and a.,
ment, [a prep.] now and a., occasionally as much a., twice as ;

afore', adv. prep. &

(Xaut.) in front, in much; half as much a., one-and-a-half times
front of, as a. the mast (archaic) previously, [f. ; as much further, besides on the other hand,
; ;

OE on foran''(on prep. + foran, adv., in front, as these a. are more expensive back a. (to the ;

dat. of for, which was used as noun or adj.] original position or condition) in return, as ;

afore- in comb. Before, previously, as -cited, answer a. in response, as rocks echoed a.,
;

-going, -named, -said -thought, premeditated, ; glasses rang a. proportionately to specified

;
&s_malice a. -tune, previously, [prec]
; act or condition, as the loaded table groaned
a fortiori, adv. With stronger reason, more a. [OE ongedn, ongxgn (on in + gagn oppo-
conclusively. [L] site), cf. G entgegen 12th-c againes (see -ES) be-
;

afpai'd, pred. a. Alarmed, frightened, (abs. came against by confus. w. superlatives]

or of); a. (of the consequences, and therefore ag-ai'nst, prep. In opposition to, as fight a,,
unwilling) to do a thine/, a. of a thina's happen- I am a. reform in contrast to, as a. a dark ;

ing, a. lest it should happen, a. (that) it will background in anticipation of, as a. his
;

happen, [p.p. of obs. vb affray f. OF esfreer, coming, a. a rainy day; in preparation for, as
see affray] -
learned a. pickpockets into collision with, as ;

a'fpeet, -pit, -pite, n. Evil demon in ran a. arock, (colloq.) ran a. (chanced to meet)
Mohammedan mythology. [Arab, 'ifrit] a friend opposite to, as a. the horsepond (usu.
;

afpe'sh, adv. Anew, with fresh beginning. over a.), [see prec]
[a- (3) + fresh] a'gami, n. Tropical American bird, the
Afpika'ndep, n. & a. Native of S. Africa Trumpeter, [native name in Guiana]
born of European (esp. Dutch) settlers A.Bond, ; aga'mie, a. (zool.). Characterized by absence
organization for furtherance of A. interests and of sexual action, [as foil. + -ic]
ultimate formation of United States of S. Africa, a'gamoge'nesis, n. Asexual reproduction.
[(perh. f. S.-African Du. Afrikaander) f. Du. So ag-amogrene'tic a., agamogene'tic-
Afrikaner n. Af rican, altered on Enalander&c] ally adv. [as foil. + genesis birth]
 ;

AGAMOUS 19 AGNAIL
a'gamous, a. (biol.). Without (distinguish- agglu'tinate v.t. & i. Unite as with 2
,

able) sexual organs, [f. Lf. Gk agamos (a- not glue; combine simple words to express com-
+ gamos marriage) + -ousj pound ideas; (t. & i.) turn into glue. Hence
aga'pe *, adv. & pred. a. On the gape open- agglutinATioN n., agglu'tinativE a. [as
;

mouthed with wonder or expectation, [a prep.] prec, see -ate 3 ]

a'gape-, n. Love-feast held by early Chris- a'ggrandize, v.t. Increase the power,
tians in connexion with Lord's Supper. [Gk, rank, wealth, of (person. State) exaggerate, ;

= brotherly love] embellish. Hence aggra'ndizeMENT, n. [f. F

a'garie (or aga'ric), n. Mushroom ; name agrandir (st. -iss-) prob. f. It. AG(grandire f. L.
of various fungi, [f. L f. Gk agarikon perh. f. grandis large)]
a place A garia] a'ggravate, v.t. Increase the gravity of
agastric, a. (zool.). Without distinct ali- (burden, offence, &c); (colloq.) exasperate jj

mentary canal, Gk a- not + gaster -tros belly] (person). SoaggravA'TiON n. [f. 1*ag gravare
[f. *

a'gate (-at), n. Name of several varieties of make heavy (gravis), see -ate 2 replacing obs. ;

precious stone (semipellucid variegated chalce- aggrege f. OF agreger f. *LL aggreviare)]

donies) burnishing instrument of gold- wire-
; a'ggregate (-at), a. & n. Collected into 1

drawers; (in U.S.) the printing-type called in one body ; collective, total ;
(Law) composed
England ruby. [f. F agathe (lGth-c.) f. It. agata of associated individuals, as corporation a. ;
f. L f. Gk akhates agate] sum total ; assemblage ; (Physics) mass of
Aga've (-1), n. (bot.). Genus of plants in- homogeneous particles; in the a., as a whole,
cluding American Aloe. [f. L f. Gk Agaue, [f. L AGgregare unite in a flock (grex gregis)]
•
prop, name in myth.] a'ggregate 2 v.t. i. Collect together; , &
aga'ze, adv. On the gaze, [a prep.] (trans.) unite (individual to company). Hence
age \ n. Length of life or of existence Moon's ; aggregATiON n., a'ggregativE a. [f. prec]
a., time elapsed since new moon duration of ; aggre'ss, v.t. & i. Begin a quarrel (trans.) ;

life required for a purpose, as come of a., full attack. So aggre'ssiON, aggre'ssc-R 2 nn. , „
a. (in Eng. Law, 21 years), a. of discretion (14), [f. F aggresser f. LL aggressare frequent, of
over a. ; latter part of life, as peevishness of AG(gredi gress- step)] — gradi
a. a generation brazen x &c. a. (Hist., Geol.)
; ; ; aggressive, a. & n. Of attack offensive ; ;

fjreat period, as Patriarchal A., Ice A.; (colloq.) disposed to attack; assume the a., begin the
ong time, as waiting for aa. [f. OF aage, quarrel.Hence aggre*ssiveLY 2 adv., ag-
eclage, f. ~LL*aetaticum f. aetas -atis contraction gre'ssiveNESS n. [as prec, see -ive]
of aevitas iaevum an age) see -age] ; aggrieve, v.t. Grieve, distress, oppress,
age 2, v.t. & i. (Cause to) grow old. [f. prec] (usu. pass.), [f. OF agreveras aggravate]
-age, suf. OFf. LL -aticum 'belongings' neut. agha'st (agah-, aga-), a. Terrified struck ;

of adj. suf. -aticus -atic (med. L -agium is with amazement, [p.p. of obs. vbaoas^(A-(l)+
readofrted f. F, e.g. homagium f. hommage gasten, OE gxstan, alarm)] *
instead of hominaticum) afterwards added as ; a'gile Quick-moving, nimble, active.
(aj-), a.
living suf. in F and in E. Meaning: (1) collec- Hence or cogn. agi'liTY n., a'gileLY 2 adv.
tive belongings or aggregate of (cellarage) (2) ; [F, f. L agilis (agere do)]
function, condition, (baronage, bondage) (3) ; a'gio Percentage charged on ex-
(aj-, aj-), n.
action (breakage) (4) fees payable for, cost of
; change paper-money into cash, or of one
of
using, (cartage, demurrage). currency into another more valuable excess ;

aged, a. (a'jid) having lived long, old (ajd) of ; value of one currency over another exchange ;

the age of, as a. thirteen. Hence a'gedNESS business. [It;, = ease]

n. [f. AGE V. + -ED J ] a'giotage (-ij), n. Exchange business specu- ;

a'geless, a. Never growing old. [age n. + lation in stocks ; stock-jobbing. [F f. agioter

-less] (prec. -{-connecting -t-) ; see -age]
a'gency, Active operation, action, as
n. agi'st (-j-), v.t. Take in live stock to feed;
moral, free, instrumentality, as by the a.
a. ; charge (land or its owner) with a public burden.
of; action personified, as an invisible a.; (Com- Hence agi'stMENT n. [f. OF agister (d to-f
merc.) office of agent; establishment for busi- gistcr f. hjacitare frequent, -of jacere lie)]
ness purposes, as JReuter's A. [f. med. L a'gitate, v.t. Move, shake disturb, excite, ;

agentia (L agere do, see -ence)] (feelings, persons) ; revolve mentally, discuss,
agenda, n. Things to be done, items of debate, (plans &c) ; (abs.)keep up an agitation
business to be considered at a meeting; me- {for), [f. L agitare move to and fro, frequent,
morandum book. [L, neut. pi. of gerundive of agere drive, see -ate 3 ]
of agere do] agita'tion, n. Moving, shaking commotion, ;

a'gent, n. One who

exerts power or produces disturbance, (mental or physical) debate, dis- ;

an effect; (of things) efficient cause ; a natural cussion keeping of a matter constantly before
;

force acting on matter, as chemical a. ; one the public public excitement. [F, f. L agita-
;

who does the actual work ; a. provocateur (F), tionem (as prec, see -ation)]
a. enticing one suspected of sedition &c. to agita'to (-tah-), adv. (mus.). In an agitated
commit himself, (improp.) ringleader. So manner. [It.]
age'ntiAL (-shl) a. [as act 2 -ent] , a'gitator, n. One who agitates, esp. politic-
agglo'merate 1
, v.t. & i. Collect into a ally apparatus for shaking or mixing. [L
;

mass. Hence agglomerA'TiON n., ag"- (see agitate and -or 2 )]

glo'meratiVE a. [f. L AGglomerare (glomus a'glet, ai'glet, n. Metal tag of a lace
-meris ball), see -ate 3 ] spangle or other metallic ornament of dress
agglo'merate 2 (-at), a. & n. (Collected into) tagged point hanging from shoulder upon
a mass; (Geol.) mass of volcanic fragments breast of some uniforms (usu. aiguillette) ;

united under heat, opp. to conglomerate, [as catkin of hazel, birch, &c [f. F aiguillette dim.
prec., see -ate 2
] of aiguille needle f. L acucula — acicula dim.
agglu'tinate l (-at), a. Glued together con- ; of acus needle]
sisting of simple words combined into com- aglow, adv. & pred. a. In a glow, [a prep.]
pounds without change of form or loss of a'gnail, Torn skin at root of finger-
n.
meaning, [f. L XGglutinare (gluten -tinis glue) nail (formerly) corn on toe or foot. [OE
;

see -ate 2] angnxgl f. ang- (Goth, aggvous) tight, painful,

 ;

AGNATE 20 AIGRETT E
-\-nxgl (Goth, nagls) nail (of iron &c), hard ex- agreeable (-rerbl), a. Pleasing (to or
crescence fixed, in the flesh mod. sense, and ; abs.) (colloq., of persons) well-disposed (to a
;

forms hang-nail, (Sc.) anger-nail, result from thing, to do, or abs.) conformable to, as a. to ;

false etym., nail being taken as finger-nail] all experience. Hence agree'ableNESS n.,
a'gnate, n. & a. (One who is) descended agree'abLY 2 adv. [f. F agreable (agreer
by male links (also, by male or female links) AGREE, See -ABLE)]
from same male ancestor; sprung from same agree'ment, n. Mutual understanding,
forefather, of same clan or nation; (fig.) akin, covenant, treaty (Law) contract legally bind-
;

of same nature. So agna'tic a., agna'tiox ing on parties accordance in opinion (Gram.)
; ;

n. [f. F agnat f. L agnatus related by father's concord in gender, number, case, person. [OF
side (ad to+ gnatus born p.p. of (g)nasci f. stem (agreer agree, see -ment)]
gen- beget)] agr6ments (F), n. pi. Agreeable qualities
agno'raen, n. A fourth name sometimes or surroundings.
assumed by Romans (loosely) nickname. [L, ; agrestic, a. Rural, rustic ; uncouth, [f. L
(ad to+(g)nomen name)] agrestis (ager field) -h-ic]
agno'stic, n. a. One who holds that & a'grieulture, n. Cultivation of the soil.
nothing is known, or likely to be known, of the Hence agricu'lturAL a., agrieu*ltup(al)-
existence of a God or of anything beyond ist, nn. Kprob. thr. 17th-c. F) f. L agricultura
material phenomena pertaining to this theory. ; (ager agri field-f cidtura culture)]
Hence agno'stieiSM n. [f. Gk agnostos un- a'gpimony, n. Genus of plants, esp. species
known (a- not+gno- know) see -ic] ; A. Eupatoria, common in Britain, [f. L agri-
A'gnus Ca'stus, n. Tree once held a monia perh. f. Gk argemone, etym. dub.]
preservative of chastity. [L, f. Gk agnos (name agrd'nomy, n. Rural economy, husbandry.
of tree), confused w. hagnos chaste, whence So agPond'mic(AL) aa., agrono'mics,
L castus is added] agro'nomiST, nn. [f. Gk agronomos overseer
A'gnus Dei, n. (Rom. Cath.). Part of Mass of land (agros land+-7io??ios f. nemo dispense),
beginning A. D. figure of lamb bearing cross
; see -Y !]
or flag cake of wax stamped with such figure
; agpou'nd, adv. & pred. a. Upon the bottom
and. blessed by Pope. [L, = lamb of God] of shallow water, as be, run, a., (of ships), [a
ago', a. & adv. (Adj., always following prep.]
noun) past, gone by, as ten years a. (adv.) long ; a'gue (-u), n. Malarial fever, with cold, hot,
a., long since, [orig. agone p.p. of obs. vb ago and sweating stages ; shivering fit quaking ;

(A- forth+GO)] (lit. &

fig.); a. -cake, enlargement of spleen or
ago'g, adv. & pred. a. On the move, eager, liver caused by a. Hence a'gUED 2 a. [OF, f.
expectant, [perh. f. OF en gogues (goguc fun, L acuta sharp]
etym. dub.)] a'guish, Of the nature of ague tending
a. ;

agd'nie, a. Making no angle a. line, line ; to produce ague subject to ague ague-like,
; ;

ofno magnetic variation, [f. Gk agonios with- quaking; coming by fits and starts. Hence
out angle (a- not+gonia angle)+ -ic] a'guishLY adv. [f. prec. + -ish *]
2
agorii'stie, Pertaining to athletic con-
a. an, int. expr. sorrow, regret, surprise, ad-
tests (esp. of Ancient Greece) (Rhet.) polemic, ; miration, entreaty, remonstrance, dislike, con-
combative strained, aiming at effect. Hence
; tempt, mockery, [not in OE ; has a, perh. ME
agoni'sticAL a., agoni'sticali.v 2 adv. [f. f. OF a, ah]
Gk agonistikos pertaining to a combatant, aha 1 (ahhah ), int. expr. surprise, triumph,
-

agonistes, in the games (agones f. ago lead, mockery, irony, [f. ah+ha; formerly written
bring)] a ha]
a'gonize, v.t. & i. Torture; suffer agony, aha 2 , n. See ha-ha n.
writhe in anguish ; contend in arena, wrestle ahea'd, adv. pred. a. &
In advance ; in
(lit. & fig.) ; make desperate efforts for effect. the direct line of one's forward motion, as
Hence a'gonizingLY 2 adv. [f. med. L agon- breakers a. ; straight forwards forward at a ;

izaref. Gkagonizo7?iaicontend (agon,see-pvec.)] rapid pace, as go a. ; in advance of (lit. fig.). &

a'gony, Mental anguish a. column (in
n. ; [a prep.]
newspaper), column of advertisements for ahea'p, adv. In a heap, all of a heap, [a
missing friends &c. paroxysm of pleasure ; prep.]
pangs of death extreme bodily suffering ; ahe'm, int. used to attract attention or gain
struggle, [prob. formed by Wyclif on Vulgate time, [lengthened form of hem]
L agonia f. Gk agonia contest, anguish see ; ahoy, int. Nautical call used in hailing.
agonistic] [a int.+HOY]
agou'ti, agoirty (-goo-), n. Genus of rodents a huts clos (ah we klo), adv. With closed
of Cavy or Guinea-pig family, esp. a hare-like doors, in private. [F]
animal of W. Indies, [(thr. F) f. native Ind. ahu'll, adv. (naut.). With sails taken in and
aguti] helm lashed on lee side, [a prep.+HULL]
agrap'ian, a. & n. Relating to landed ai (ah"i), n. Three-toed Sloth of S. America,
property ; a. outrage (arising from discord be- [f. Braz. ai, repr. its cry]
tween landlords and tenants) relating to ; culti- aid 1 , v.t. Help (person to do, or abs.); pro-
vated land ; (n.) advocate of redistribution of mote (recovery &c ). [f. OF aider f. L adjutare
landed_ property, whence agrar'ianiSM n., frequent, of xv>(juvare jut-)]
agrap'ianiZE v.t. & i. [f. L agrarius (ager aid 2, n. Help (Law) help claimed by de-
;

agri land, see -ary l )+ -an] fendant from one who has joint-interest; (Hist.)
agree*, v.i. & Consent (to proposal, state-
t. grant of subsidy or tax to king, (later) ex-
ment, to do) ; concur (with person that) be- ; chequer loan helper material source of help
; ;

come, be, in harmony (ivith person); (pi.) a. (usu. pi.), as aa. and appliances, [f. OF aide,
together, cannot a., get on with one another; aiude (Prov. ajuda) f. LL adjuta, fem. p.p. of
suit the constitution of, as work, lobster, does adjuvare aid j used as n.]
not a. with him; (Gram.) take same number, aide-de-camp (a'dekong), n. (pi. aides-de-
gender, case, person (trans.) bring (balance, ; camp pron. a'dekongz). Officer assisting general
items of accounts) into harmony, [f. OF agreer by carrying orders, &c. [F]
f. LL *AGgratare make agreeable (gratus)] aigrette (a 'grit), n. Lesser White Heron
 ;;; ;

AIGUILLE 21
|
ALARY
(usu. egret) ; tuft of feathers or hair ; spray ait (at), n. Small isle, esp. in a river, fperh.
of gems &c. [F, dim. f. heigir] OHG f.OE iggath, iggeoth ; eyet, eyot, are artificial
aiguille (a'gwil), n. Sharp peak of rock, esp. spellings on islet and
Hot] F
in Alps. Hence aig-uillESQUE a. [F, see ai'teh-bone, n. (Cut of beef lying over)
aglet] buttock or rump bone. [ME nage f. OF nache,
aig-uillette (agwilel), n. See aglet. nage, f. LL *natica, adj. (L natis buttock)+
ail, v.t. & i. Trouble, afflict, as what ails bone for loss of n (a nage- becoming an age-),
;

him ? be ; ill. Hence ai'lMENT n. [f. OE eglan cf. adder pop. etym. gives H-, ice-, edge-, bone)
;

(cogn. w. Goth, agljan) f. egle troublesome ajar* , adv. (Of doors) slightly open, [a
1

(Goth, aglus)] prep. +char (OE cyrr a turn)]

aim v.t. & i. Direct (blow, missile, at)
1
, ajar* 2, adv. In a jarring state, [a prep.+
point (gun &c) towards {at) direct an act or ; jar n.]
proceeding against {at) (intr.) deliver blow, ; a-ki'mbo, adv. (Of the arms) with hands on
discharge missile, {at) take aim (abs.) form ; ; hipsand elbows turned outwards, [etym. dub.]
designs (abs.). [prob. f. two vbs (1) Picard. aki'n, adv. and pred. a. (Connected) in rela-
amer, OF and Prov. earner, f. L aestimare tionship (allied) in character, [a prep.]
;

reckon (2) OF aesmer f. LL adaestimare ; ME -al, suf. (1) Adj. f. L -alis (adj. suf. varying
sense was estimate] w. -aris -ar 1 by dissim. f. prec. syllable, as
aim 2 , n. Direction of a missile at an object, regularis but generalis) direct or through F -el
as take a. ; design, purpose, object, whence (since corrected to -al in E) now appended ;

ai'mLESS a., ai'mlessLY 2 adv., ai'mless-
ness n. [f. prec]
afn6 (a'na), n. Elder son (cf. cadet). [F]
air 1
, n. (1) Gaseous substance enveloping
earth, mixture of oxygen
breathed by all land animals atmosphere
free space overhead, as birds of the a. un-
confined space, as open a. fresh a., also
simply a., a. not exhausted of its oxygen
breeze, light wind; take a., become known;
(of projects &c.) quite in the a. (uncertain)
(of opinions, feelings) in the a., spreading about
castles in the a., visionary projects. (2) Ap-
pearance, as an a. of absurdity ; mien, gesture,
as with a triumphant a. affected manner (esp. ; BURIAL.
in pi.), as gave himself aa., aa. and graces;
(Mus.) melody, tune, esp., in harmonized com-
position, predominant (usu. soprano) part. (3)
Combb. : a.-ball, inflated toy ; a.-bed, inflated
mattress; a.-bladder, one filled with a., in
animals or plants ; a.-brake (worked by a.-
pressure) ; a.-chamber (in hydraulic machines),
a. -receptacle which when condensed maintains
freely to L nouns (cordial), Gk nouns (colossal),
L adjj. (individual), and Gk adjj. in -kos, -oides,
(comical, rhomboidal); -ical indicates vaguer-
connexion w. the orig. n. than -ic (comic paper,
and nitrogen, comical story), cf. -acal; other suff. are some-
; times appended, as generality, centralize. (2)
; Nouns f. L -alis, -al, -ales, -alia, parts of above
;
used as nouns (rival, animal, annals, Saturn-
alia), with new imitations (cardinal, regi-
mentals), -alia became in F -aille, in E -aille,
-ail, -al (L sponsalia, OF espousaille, E
spousaille now espousal), the last now freely
imitated to form vbl nn. (reprisal, recital,
bestowal), partly on false anal, of bridal,
a la (ah lah), prep. After the manner of, as
a la Russe, a la Reform. [F, for a la mode]
alaba'ster (or a"l-), n. a. Name of several &
varieties of carbonate or sulphate of lime
(Mineral.) massive fine-grained sulphate of lime
(Modern, Gypseous, A.), as distinct from the
carbonates used by the ancients for holding
unguents (Oriental, Calcareous, A.) box made ;

constant pressure; a.-en^me (actuatedby heated of a.; (adj.) of a., like a. in whiteness or smooth-
a.) ; a.-gun (projecting balls &c. by elastic force ness. So alaba'striNE a. [f. OF alabastre 1

of condensed a.) ; a.-jacket (inflated, to support f. L alabaster Gk alabast(r)os, etym. dub.]

f.
wearer in water) ; a.-line, bee-line ; a.-poise, a la carte, adv. By the bill of fare. [F]
instrument for weighing a. ; a.-pump, machine ala'ck, (archaic) expressing regret or
int.
for exhausting a. of vessel by strokes of surprise, esp. in phr. alack-a-day. [perh. f. a
piston: a.-ship, machine for navigating a., int. -Ha A; lack]
esp. without balloon ; a.-thermometer (with a. ala'erity, n. Briskness, cheerful readiness,
instead of mercury) ; a.-threads (of gossamer [f. L alacritas (alacer brisk, see -tv)]
spider) ; a.-tight, impermeable to a. ; a.-trap a'lamode, it la mode, adv. & a. In the
(preventing escape of sewer-gas) ; a.-way, ven- fashion, fashionable ; a. beef, scraps of beef
tilating passage in mine. 1(1) OF f. L aerem, boiled down into stew ; a. silk (also as n.,
nom. aer f. Gk aer (ad breathe). (2) perh. alamode), a thin glossy black silk. [F (d la m.),
developed in F taken by E f. F about 1600]
f. (1) ; = in the fashion]
air 2, v.t. Expose to open air, ventilate dry ; a'lar, a. Pertaining to wings ; winglike,
at fire; (refl.) go out into fresh air; parade wing-shaped (Bot. Physiol.) axillary, [f. L
; &
(qualities, grievances, theories, fine clothes). alaris (ala wing, see -ar 1 )]
[f.prec] alar'm 1 , n. Call to arms warning sound ;

air-less, a. Stuffy breezeless,

; still. [air+ giving notice of danger ; warning, as give, take,
-less] the a. ; excited anticipation of danger ; (Fenc-
air'y, a. Aerial, lofty ; breezy ; immaterial ing) stamp on ground made with advancing
of thin texture ; light in movement sprightly ; ;
foot a.-post, place for troops to assemble at in
;

graceful, delicate unsubstantial ; superficial,

; case of alarm mechanism that sounds the
;

flippant. Hence air'iLY 2 adv., air'iNESS n. alarm (usu. ala'rum); alarum-clock, one with
Umi + -Y2] apparatus that rings at appointed hour. [f. OF
aisle (d), n. Division of church, esp. one alarme f. It. allarme (all'arme ! to arms !) form ;

parallel to and divided by pillars from the nave, alarum now only of alarm-signal]
choir, or transept ; passage between rows of alar'm 2, v.t. Arouse to sense of danger;
pews. Hence aislED 2 a. [f. OF ele f. L ala, disturb; agitate, excite with fear. [f. prec]
contr. of axilla wing; confused in E with aiar'mist, n. One who raises alarms on
He island, refash. with this as isle, and again slight grounds; panic-monger. So alar'xniSM
modified to aisle after F refash. axle (on L n. [alarm n.+ -iST]
axilla); the F spelling aisle (after med. L alarum, n. See alarm n.
ascella = L axilla) is mere coincidence ; sense a'lary, .a. Pertaining to wings or winglike
passage from confus. of Lala w. OF allee alley] parts, [f. L alarius (ala wing, see -ary i )]
 ;

ALAS 22 ALEURON
ala's, int. expressing grief, pity, concern, ages; esp., pursuit of the transmutation of baser
[f. OF ha las (mod. F h&las) f. ha ah -Has lasse metals into gold (also fig.), [f. OF alquimie f.
•wretched f. L lassus weary] med. L alchimia f. Arab, al-kimia, al the +
Ala'stop, n. Avenging
deity, nemesis. [Gk kimia, apparently = khemia (Gk form of native
(a-not+last- f. lath- forget)] name of Egypt, but confused with Gkkhumeia
a'lateidi, a. Having wings or winglike pouring f. khu- perf. st. of khed pour, whence
appendages, [f. L alatus (ala wing, see -ate 2 )J the spelling alchymy)]
alb, n. White vestment reaching to feet, a'lcohol, n. Pure spirit of wine any liquor ;

worn by and by some consecrated

priests, containing this (Chem.) large class of com-
;

kings, [f. LL alba (tunica) white (tunic)] pounds of same type as spirits of wine. Hence
a'lbaeore, n. Large species of Tunny other ; a'lcoholATEMS) n., aleoho'lic a. [med. L,
fish of same genus. [f. Port, albacor (F f. Arab, al the + koh'l powder for staining
albicore, also used in E) f. Arab, al the + b ukr eyelids (kahala v. stain)]
young camel, heifer] a'lcoholism, n. Action of alcohol on human
alba'ta, n. White metal, German silver, system, [prec. + -ism]
[f. L albata whitened (alb us white)] alcoholize, v.t. Saturate with alcohol
a'lbatross, n. Family of birds allied to subject to alcoholic influence. Hence alco-
Petrels, inhabiting Pacific and Southern holizATioN n. [alcohol + -ize]
Oceans; esp. great A., largest of sea-fowls. aicoholo'metep, n. Instrument for measur-
[17th-c. algatross, perh. f. obs. alcatras Frigate- ing alcoholic strength of spirits. Hence al-
bird (f. Sp. and Port, alcatruz f. Arab, al- COholO'METRY n. [f. ALCOHOL + -O- + METER]
qadus the bucket, Arab, name of Pelican, Alcoran (a'lkorahn, alkoralrn), n. Koran,
from its supposed water-carrying habit) -b- ; sacred Mohammedan book. Hence AIcop-
under influence of L albus white] a'nic a. F)
[(thr. f. Arab, al-qoran the reading
albe'it (awl-), conj. Though, as a. that he (qara'a v. read)]
failed, a. he failed, he tried a. without success. a'leove, n. Vaulted recess in room- wall,
*[ = all though it be that] esp. (in Spain) recess for bed; recess in garden
a'lbert, n. (Also A. chain) kind of watch wall or hedge ; summer house. [F, f. Sp.
chain, [f. Prince Albert consort of Queen alcova, -ba, f. Arab, al-qobbah the vault (qubba
Victoria] v. vault)]
albe'seent, a. Growing white, shading a'ldehyde, n. Colourless volatile fluid of
into white, [f. L albescere (albus white), see suffocating smell, obtained by oxidation of
-ent] alcohol ;class of compounds of this type.
albi'no (-be-), n. Human being marked by Hence aldehy'dic a. [abbr. of L alcohol
congenital absence of colouring pigment in dehydrogenatum (deprived of hydrogen)]
skin and hair, which are white, and eyes, which a'ldep (awl-), n. Tree related to Birch other ;

are pink and unable to bear ordinary light any ; trees not related, as Black, White, Red, A. [OE
animal so distinguished. Hence albi'nESS *, alor, aler (cf. ON blr, elrir, elira, mod. G OHG
a'lbiniSM, nn. [Port., orig. of white negroes, w. phonetic d]
erle, eller)
f. L albus white] alderman (awl-), n. Magistrate in English
a'lbite, n. White or soda feldspar, [f. L and Irish cities and boroughs, next in dignity
albus white + -ite l ] toMayor. Hence aldepma'nic a., a'ldep-
a'lbum, n. Blank book for insertion of auto- mariSHiP n. [f. OE aldor patriarch (aid old
graphs, photographs, &c. [L, neut. sing, of + -or noun suf.) + -man]
albus white] a'ldermanry, n. Ward, district of a
albu'men, n. White of egg a constituent ; borough having its own alderman ; rank of
of animal solids and fluids, of seeds, and of alderman, [prec. + -ry]
tuberous or fleshy roots, found nearly pure A'ldine (awl-), a. Printed by Aldus Manutius,
in white of egg; (Bot.) substance found be- Venetian printer of 16th cent. ; name of
tween skin and embryo of many seeds, usu. certain style of type. [f. Aldus + -ine n
the eatable part. Hence albirminosE, al- ale, n. Liquor made from an infusion of
bu'minous, [L albumen -minis white of
aa. malt by fermentation, flavoured with hops
egg (albus white, see -men] &c. merry-making at which ale was drunk
; ;

albirmenize, v.t. (phot.). Coat (paper) with alecost, costmary a.-house, one at which ale
;

an albuminous solution, [prec. + -ize] is retailed a.-wife, woman who keeps an ale-
;

albu'minoid, a. & n. Like albumen ; (n. house,American fish allied to herring. [OE alu]
pi.) proteids, class of organic compounds form- a'leatopy, a. Depending on the throw of
ing chief part of organs and tissues of animals a die or on chance, [f. L aleatorius (aleator
and plants. Hence albuminoidAL a. [f. dice-player f. alea die)]
ALBUMEN + -OID] alee*, adv. &
pred. a. On the lee or sheltered
albup'num, a'lburn, n. Recently formed side of ship to leeward,
; [f. d on+hle OX
wood in exogenous trees, sap-wood. Hence shelter ; see lee]
albup'nous a. [L alburnum (albus white)] a'leg'ap, n. Sour ale ; malt vinegar, [f.
aleahest. See alkahest. ale+ egre = F aigre sour, on anal, of vinegar]
Alca'ic, a. & n. Pertaining to Alcaeus (Gk ale'mbie, n. Apparatus formerly used in
lyric poet, b. c. 600), or to the metre he invented ;
distilling; also fig., as a. of fancy, [f. F
(n. pi.) Alcaic strophes, [f. L f. Gk Alkaikos alambic f. Arab, al the + ambiq still f. Gk
(Alkaios)] ambix -ikos cup lembick, limbeck, were usu.
;

alehe'mie, Pertaining to alchemy. Hence

a. in lo-17th cc]
alehe'micAL a., alehe'miealLY 2 adv. [f. aleP't, a. n. &
Watchful, vigilant; lively,
med. L. alchimicus or F alchimique see al- : nimble ; (n.) warning call, alarm on the a., on ;

chemy and-ic] the look-out. Hence alep'tLY 2 adv., alep't-

a'lehemist, n. One who studies or practises ness n. [f. F alerte, earlier allerte, d Vairte,
alchemy. Hence alchemi'stic(AL) aa. [f. f. It. alVerta (alia to the +erta look-out, watch-
OF alquemiste see alchemy and -ist]; tower, fern. p.p. of ergere f. L erigere erect)]
a'lchemize, v.t. Change as by alchemy ;
aleup*on, aleup'one, n. Albuminoid sub-
transmute, [back-formation on prec] stance found in seeds of plants, &c. [Gk
a'lchemy (-k-), n. Chemistry of the middle aleuron flour]
 ;

ALEXANDRINE 23 ALL
Alexa'ndrine, a. & n. A. {verse), iambic into a straight line, as a. the sights (of rifle)
line of six feet or twelve syllables, [f. F alex- and bulVs-eye; (intr.) form in line (as troops).
andrite of doubtful orig.] Hence alig-n.MENT n. [f. F aligner (a to
alexiphar'mie. a. & n. (Having the quality + ligner f. L lineare (linea line)]
of) an antidote, [earlier -ac f. F alexiphar- ali'ke, pred. a. &
adv. Similar, like (adv.) ;

maque f. Gk alexipharmakon remedy for in like manner. [OE gelic a. gelice adv. (OHG
poison (alexo keep o&'+pharmakon poison)] gelih, mod. G gleich) f. ge-together + lie like ;

alfresco, adv. & a. In the open air open- ; alsof. OX alikra. cilika adv. (cogn. w.
anlic OE
air, as a. lunch, [f. It. alfresco in the fresh (air)] a. anlice adv.) f. a prep, on, to, + lik like]
la'lga, n. (pi. -ae). Sea-weed. Hence a'lgTAL, a'liment, n. Food; (fig.) support, mental
a'lg-oiD, alg-olo'gficAL, aa., a*lgiST(3) (-j-), sustenance. Hence aliment al a., ali-
algo'LOGisx, algro'LOGV, nn. [L] mentalLY 2 adv. [f. L alimentum (alere
a'lgebra, n. Investigation of the properties nourish, see -mext)]
of numbers by means of general symbols ; alimentary, a. Nourishing; performing
quadruple a., quaternions. Hence alge- functions of nutrition, as a. canal providing ;

bra'icUU aa., alg-ebra'iealLY - adv., a'lge- maintenance, [f. L alimentarius (as prec, see
braiST, a'lg-ebriST, nn. lit., f. Arab, aljebr -ary i)]

reunion of broken parts (jabara reunite)] alimenta'tion, n. Nourishment mainten- ;

a*lg*id (-j-), a. Cold, esp. of cold stage of ance, [f. med. L alimentatio (alimentare, as
ague. Hence algi'diTV n. [f. F algide f. L ALIMENT, See -ATION)]
algidus (algere be cold, see -id l )] a'limony, n. Nourishment; maintenance;
a'lgorism, n. Arabic (decimal) notation ; allowance due to wife from husband's estate,
cypher in a., mere dummy, [f. OF augorisme on separation from certain causes, [f. L alt-
f.med. Lalgorismus f. Arab. al-Khoxcarazmi mania nutriment (alere nourish, see -mony)]
the man of Khiva, surname of a mathema- a'liquot, a. & n. A. (part), part contained by
tician mod. misspelling -ithm by confus. w.
; the whole an integral number of times, integral
Gk arithmos number] factor, [f. F aliquote f. L aliquot some, so
alguazi'l (-gwa-), n. Spanish warrant- many]
officer or sergeant. (Sp. (now -cil) f. Arab. -ality, compd noun-suf. = -al + -TY. Quality,
al-wazir the vizier, minister (icazara carry on)] or instance of it, (generality, a g.)
a'lgum, n. Tree mentioned in Bible (2 Chron. ali've, adv. &
pred. a. In life, living fully ;

ii. 8 ;in 1 Kings x. 11 wrongly given as almug), susceptible to (an idea, &c); active, brisk, as
prob. a kind of sandal- wood. IHeb. a foreign ; (colloq.) look a., be brisk; swarming icith, as
word perh. = Skr. valguka sandal-woad tree] river a. with boats; any man a. (whatever);
Alha'mbra, n. Palace of Moorish kings at man a.! (colloq. expletive), [f. A prep.+ME
Granada. Hence alhambrE'SQUE a. [f. Arab. live,OE life dat. of lit life; = on life]
al-hamra' the red house] ali'zarin, n. Pied colouring matter of
a'lias, adv. & n. (pi. -ases). (Name by which madder, [f. F alizari madder prob. f. Arab, al
one is called) on other occasions. [L, adv.] the + 'acarah extract (acara v. press) see -in] ;

a'libi, adv. & n. (The plea that when an a'lkariest, n. Alchemist's supposed uni-
alleged act took place one was) elsewhere. [L, versal solvent (also fig.), [sham Arab., prob.
adv. old locative of alius another]
; invented by Paracelsus]
a'lidad, -ade, n. Index of astrolabe, quad- alkalescent, a. & n. Incipiently or slightly
rant, &c, showing the degrees cut off on the alkaline (substance). Hence alkale'SGENCE,
arc. [F (-ade), f. med. L alhidada f. Arab, al- alkale'seENCY, nn. see -escent] [f. foil.,
'idadah the revolving radius (acid upper arm)] a'lkali, (Chem.) series of
n. (pi. -lis, -lies).
a'lien l , a. & n. Not one's 'own foreign, ; compounds called bases, including soda, potash,
under foreign allegiance differing in nature ; and ammonia, highly soluble in water, pro-
(from) repugnant (to) stranger non-natural-
; ; ; ducing caustic or corrosive solutions that
ized foreigner one excluded from (Law) a.-
; ; neutralize strong acids, and turn vegetable
friend, -enemy, alien owing allegiance to yellows to brown, reds to blue, purples to
friendly, hostile, country. Hence a'IieniSM(2) green (Commerc) caustic soda, caustic potash,
;

n. [OF, f. L aliemis belonging to another other alkaline products. Hence a'lkalifi*-

(alius)] able a., a'lkaliFY v.t. [f. F alcali f. Arab.

a'lien 2, v.t. (Poet.) estrange ; (Law) transfer al-qaliy calcined ashes (qalay fry)]
ownership of. Hence a'lienABLE a., aliena- alkali'metry, n. Measurement of strength
bi'lity n. [f. OF aliener f. L alienare (as of alkalis. Hence alkalimetPiCAL a. [al-
prec.)] kali + -metry]
a'lienate, v.t. Estrange ; transfer owner- a'lkaline, a. Of alkalis of the nature of an ;

ship of turn away, divert (from).

; Hence alkali metals, those whose hydroxides are
; a.
a'lienatOR 2 n. [f. L as prec, see -ate 2 ] alkalis, [f. alkali + -ine j ]
aliena'tion, n. Estrangement transference ; a'lkaloid, n. Nitrogenous basic substance ;

of ownership diversion to different purpose

; ; esp. vegeto-alkaloids, vegetable alkalis. Hence
(mental) a., insanity, [f. alienacion f. L MF alkaloi'dAL a. [f. alkali + -oid]
alienationem (as prec, see -atiox)] a'lkanet, n. (Plant whose root yields) a red
alienee*, n. One to whom transfer of pro- dye. [f. Sp. alcana (f. Arab, al-henna the henna
perty is made, [alien 2 + -ee] shrub) + dim. suf. to dist. this shrub from
a'liform, a. Wing-shaped, [f. L ala wing + henna]
-form] all (awl), a., n., adv. (1> (adj. w. noun &c.
aligh't 1 v.i. Dismount (from horse), de-
, expressed or .understood). The entire, as a.
scend (from carriage) settle, come to earth, ; day, a. England, a. his life, a. this, take it a.,
from the air. [OE alihtan (a- (l)+lihtan light)] a. whom I saw the greatest possible, as a.
;

allgfh't 2, a. Kindled; on fire; lighted up. speed; (w. the entire number of, as a.
pi.)
[p.p. of obs. alight kindle now only used pre- ; men, a. the others; a. kind of, every kind of;
dicatively, on anal, of a-blaze and other adv. any whatever, as renounce a. connexion. (2)
compds] (n.). All men, as a. are agreed (w. of) the ;

aligrn, ali'ne, v.t. & i. Place, lay, in a line whole, every one, as a. of it, a. of you every- ;

bring into line esp. bring three or more points

; thing, as that is a., a. is lost; one's whole
 +;;: ;.,

ALLAH 24 ALLOY
property, as he lost his a. a. but, everything ; a'lligator, Genus
of saurian reptiles of
n.
short of (used adv.), as a. but impossible, he crocodile family, found in America; other
tvas a. but drowned; a. in a., of paramount or large American saurians a. apple, pear, fruit ;

exclusive importance at a., in any way, as not ; of W. Indian trees a. tortoise, snapping turtle,
;

at a., did you speak at a. ? (not in affirmative [corrupt, of Sp. el lagarto the lizard f. L
sent.); in a., in total number; one and a., a. lacerta]
and some (archaic), a. and sundry, a. indi- alli'terate, v.i. (Use words that) begin with
vidually and collectively. (3) (adv.). Wholly, the same letter. Hence alli'tepatiVE a.,
quite, as dressed a. (orig. an adj.) in white, alli'terativeLY 2 adv. [f. L ad to + litera
a. covered with mud, a. right, a. the better, letter + -ate 3 on anal, of obliterate]
,

a. the same, a. at once, a. too soon. (1) Combb. alliteration, n. Commencement of words
A.- father, Odin, God; A. Fools' Day, first of in close connexion (esp. in early Teut. poetry, of
April; A. Saints' Day, general celebration of accented syllables) with the same letter, [f.
saints, November 1st A. Souls' Day, day of ; prec. + -ation]
supplication for souls of faithful deceased, a'llocate, v.t. Assign, devote, (to person or
Nov. 2nd. All is prefixed to many adjj., as object) ; locate. Hence alloeATiON n. [f.
a.-bountifid, a.-righteous, a.-sufficient, and med. L xilocare (loctis place), see -ate 3 ]
esp. topartt.,as a.-suMcing, a.-seeing, a.-know- al(l)6*dium, n. Estate held in absolute
ing. [com.-Teut. al, allr]: OHG ON ownership, without acknowledgment to a
A'llah, n. Name of God among Moham- superior (opp. to fexidum). Hence allo'di \ i

medans. [Arab, allah contr. of al-ilah (al the a., allo'dialL y 2 adv., allo'dialiSM, alio*
+ ilah god = Heb. eloah] dialiST. nn. [f. med. L f. G *aldd entire property
allay", v.t. Put down, repress ; alleviate (pain (all+OLG 6d estate); sometimes written allod,
&c.) ; diminish (pleasure ace), [f. A- (1) + lay allody]
v. ; confused with obs. allege alleviate and obs. alld'gamy, n. (bot. ). Cross-f ertilizatiou. [f
allay alloy] Gk alios other + -gamy]
allegation, n. Alleging assertion (esp. one
; alfo'nge (F), n. Slip of paper gummed to end
not proved), [f. F allegation f. Lallegationem of bill of exchange to give room for further
(allegare allege, see -ation)] endorsements.
allege (-ej), v.t. allo'pathy, n. Curing of a diseased action
Affirm; advance as argu-
ment er excuse, [f.adlegiare E Latiniz. of
by inducing another action of a different kind
OF esligier, Norm, alegier, f. LL exlitigare (opp. to homoeopathy). Hence allopa'thic
clear at law but treated as repr. L allegare a., allopa'thiCALLY adv., allo'pathiST n.
;

cite, adduce, which would give alleague (cf. [f. Gk alios other + -pathy]
F alUguer)] allophylian, a. & n. (One whose native
allegiance (-jans), n. Duty of subject to tongue is) neither Aryan nor Semitic, [f. L f Gk .

sovereign or government; loyalty (lit. and allophulos (alios other +phule tribe) +-ian]
fig.). [ME ligeaunce f. OF ligeance (liege) ch- allo't, v.t. (-U-). Distribute by lot or with
;

added in E perh. thr. confusion with obs. authority assign (to), [f. OF aloter (a to + ;

allegeance, n. f. prec] loter divide by lot f. lot, Teut. wd, OE hlol)]

allegdTie, a. Pertaining to, of the nature a'llotheism, n. Worship of strange gods,
of, allegory. Hence allego'ricAL a., alle- [f. Gk alios other + theos god + -ism]
goTiealLY 2 adv. [f F f L f Gk allegorikos allo'tment, n. Apportioning lot in life
. . . ; ;

(as foil., see-ic)] share allotted to one small portion of land ;

a'llegorize, v.t. & i. Treat as an allegory let out for cultivation, [f. F allotement (aloter,
make allegories. Hence a'llegoriST n. [f. F see prec. and -ment)]
allegoriser L
allegorizare (as foil., see -ize)J
f. allo'tpopy, n. Variation of physical pro-
a'lleg'OPy, n. Narrative description of a perties without change of substance. Hence
subject under guise of another suggestively allotro'pic(AL) aa., allotro'piealLY 2 adv.,
similar emblem, [f L f. Gk allegoria (alios
; . allo'tropiSM n. [f. Gk allotropia f. allo-
other + -agoria speaking f. agora assembly)] tropos (alios other + tropos manner f. trepo
allegretto Somewhat briskly. [It.]
(mus.). turn)]
alle'gro adv., n. (mus.).
(-la-), a.,Lively, allottee*, n. One to whom allotment is made,
gay ; (movemejit) in brisk time. [It.] [f. allot + -ee]
allelu'ia (-looya), n. Song of praise to God. allow, v.t. Admit (thing to be, that) ; (U. S.)
[f. L f. (Septuagint) Gk allelouiaf. Heb. hallelu- form the opinion (that) ; permit (practice, per-
yah praise ye Jehovah] son to do) (refl.) indulge oneself in (conduct)
;

alle'viate, v. t. Relieve, mitigate. Hence (intr.) admit of; give (limited periodical sum),
alleviATiox, alle'viatOR 2 nn. ; alle'via- , as a. him £200 a year add, deduct, in considera-;

tiVE, alle'viatORV, aa. [f. L xileviare lighten tion of something a. for, take into considera-
;

(levis light), see -ate 3 ] tion, make addition or deduction corresponding

a'lley, n. (pi. -eys). Walk, passage, esp. in to. Hence allow'ABLE a., allowabLY 2 adv.
park or garden; narrow street; blind a., one ff. OF alouer f. (1) L Ahlaudare praise, (2) L al-
closed at end ; enclosure for skittles &c. [f. OF locare place]
alee,F alUe, walking, passage, f. alter go, etym. allowance \ n. Permission tolerance ;

dub.] (of) limited portion, esp. yearly income ; de-

;

All-ha'llow(s), n. All saints (in heaven), duction, discount make a. for, allow fer. [f.
;

as All hallows' day, Allhallowmass. [all4- OF alouance (as prec, see -ance)]
halloio f. OE
hdlga saint] allowance 2, v.t. Make allowance topper-
i allia'ceous, a. Of the genus Allium, in- son) supply (thing) in limited quantities, [f.
;

cluding garlic, onions, and leeks ; smelling, prec]

tasting, of garlic &c. [f. L allium garlic alloy* 1 , n. Standard, quality, (of gold or
-aceous] silver) ; mixed esp. with gold or
inferior metal
alli'ance, n. Union by marriage ; relation- silver (also mixture of metals, [orig.
fig.);
ship confederation (esp. between States)
; allay f. OF aley (F aloi) t. aleier combine f.
community in nature or qualities (Bot.) group ; L Ahligare bind meaning influenced by con-
;

of allied natural Orders, [f. OF aliance (as fusion with F d loi to law]
ally !, see -ange)] alloy* 2, v.t. Mix with baser metal? mix
 . . ; + +
;

ALLSEED 25 ALTAR
(metals) ; debase ; moderate, [f. F aloyer f. OF Genus of plants with erect spikes
a'loe (-6), n.
aleier, see prec] of flowers and bitter juice (pi.) purgative ;

a'llseed (awl-), n. Name of various plants drug procured from juice of aloes; other
producing much seed. plants, as American A., Agave. [OE aluwe f.
a'llspice (awl-), n. Jamaica pepper, Pimenta, L f. Gk aloe]
supposed to combine flavour of cinnamon, nut- aloe'tic, a. & n. (Medicine) containing aloes,
meg, and cloves; other aromatic shrubs, as [f. Gk aloe aloe on false anal, of diuretic &c]
Carolina A .,_ Japa n A Wild A , ald'ft (or -aw-), adv. & pred. a. High up (lit.
allu'de (-00-, -u-), v.i. Refer covertly, in- and fig.) ; upward, [f. ON d on, to, -Wop* sky,
directly, to (improp.) a. to, mean. [f. L al-
; loft]
(ludere lus- play)J alo'ne, pred. a. & adv. Solitary; standing
allure", v.t. Tempt, entice, win over, {to, by oneself (in opinion &c) let, leave, a., ab- ;

from, person, place, conduct) ; fascinate, stain from interfering with (adv.) only, ex- ;

charm. Hence allure'MEXT n. [f. OF aleur- clusively, [f. all adv. + one]
rer attract (a to + leurrcr lure)] alo'ng-, adv. & prep. From end to end of
allu'sion, n. Covert, implied, indirect, re- through any part of the length of onward, ;

ference (to), [f. L allusio (as allude, see as get a. a. xcith, in company with, in con-
;

-ION)] junction with; all a., all the time; a.-ships,

allu'sive, a. Containing an allusion (to) directed fore and aft a.-shore, a. by the shore, ;

abounding in allusions; (Her.) a. (canting) a. and on the shore ; alongside, close to side of
ar?7i$. Hence allu'siveLY 2 adv., allirsive- ship alongside of, side by side with (lit. and
;

ness n. [as prec, see -ive] fig.). [OE and-lang (and- against, facing,
allu'vion (-00-, -u-), n. Wash of sea, river, lang_\ong), orig. adj.]
against shore, banks flood matter deposited
; aloo'f, adv. & pred. a. Away, apart, (lit. and
;

by flood; (Law) formation of new land by water's fig.), as stand, keep, hold, a.; (Naut.) away
action. [F, f. L Ahluvionem (nom. -vio) f. luere to windward, as spring a. (cf. luff). Hence
wash] aloofNESS n. [f. Aprep.+LOOF]
allu'vium, n. Deposit of earth, sand, &c, alou'd, adv. Loudly not in a whisper ;

left by flood. Hence allu'viAL a. [L, neut. (colloq.) palpably, as reeks a, [f. a prep. loud ;

of adj. xiluvius (luere wash)] cf. foil.]

ally l , v.t. Combine, unite, for special ob- alow* (-6), adv. (naut.). In, into, lower part
ject to, with, (esp. of marriage and alliance of vessel, a prep.+LOW a.]
[f.
with foreign states) ; (of things) allied to, con- alp, n. Mountain-peak (in Switzerland) ;

nected with. [f. OF alier i. L AiAigare bind] green pasture-land on mountain side; Alpis,
ally* 2, n. Person, state, &c, allied with mountain range separating France and Italy,
another, [f. prec] [(pi.) f. L Alpes prop, n., etym. dub.]
a'lly 3 , n. Choice playing-marble of marble alpa'ca, n. Kind of llama with long woolly
or alabaster, [perh. dim. of alabaster] hair its wool fabric thence made.
; ; [f. Sp.
a'lmaihi, n. Egyptian dancing-girl. [Arab. (Arab, al the + paco, native Peruv. name)]
'almah knowing (alama know)] a'lpenstock, n. Long iron-shod staff used
a'lmagest (-j-), n. Great astronomical in climbing Alps &c. [G, = stick of the Alps]
treatise of Ptolemy other books on astrology
; a'lpha, n. Greek name of letter A A. and ;

and alchemy, [f. F f. Arab, al the + majisti = Omega, beginning and end; (Astr.) chief star
Gk megiste greatest] of constellation. [Gk, f. Heb. aleph ox, leader]
A'lma Ma'ter, n. Name used of Universities alphabet, n. Set of letters used in a lan-
and schools. [L,= bounteous mother] guage ; firstrudiments. Hence alphabetic
almanac (awl-), n. Annual calendar of a. [f. L alphabetxim (Gk alpha, beta, first two
months and days, with astronomical and other letters of alphabet)]
data. [med. L, etym. dub.] alphabetical, a. Of the alphabet, as a.
a'lmandine, n. A garnet of violet tint, order. Hence alphabe'tiealLY 2 adv. [as
[corrupt, of obs. alabandine f. L alabandina prec + -ical]
(Alabanda, city in Caria)] A'lpine, Of the Alps or any lofty moun-
a.
almigh'ty (awl-), a. All-powerful, esp. A. tains, [f. L Alpinus
(Alpes, see alp and -ine 1 )]
God, the A. (slang) great, (adv.) exceedingly.
; A'lpinist, n. Alpine climber, [f. F alpiniste
Hence almig-h-tiNESS n. [OE xlmeahtig (all (as prec, see -ist)]
adv. + MIGHTY)] alpea'dy Beforehand by this
(awl-), adv. ;

a'lmond (ahm), n. Kernel of a stone-fruit time, thus early, all adv. + ready] [f.
borne by two trees (siceet, bitter, a.) allied ; Alsa'tia, n. Province west of Rhine, de-
to plum and peach anything a.-shaped A.
; ; batable ground between France and Ger-
(Tumbler), kind of pigeon. [f. OF almande many; White Friars in London, once sanctu-
f. L f. Gk amygdale al- perh. by confus. w.
; ary for lawbreakers. Hence Alsa'tiAN a. & n.
Arab, al the] a'lsike, n. Kind of clover. [Alsike in
a'lmonep (or ahmn-). n. Official distributor Sweden]
Of alms Hereditary Grand A., Lord High A„
; a'lso (awl-), adv. In addition, besides, [f.
(officers in royal household of Great Britain), all + so orig. in antecedent and relat. as well
;

[f. OF aumoner f. LL almosinarius = eleemosy- as demonstr. functions, now superseded in

narius (as alms, see -ary 1 )] by its shortened form relat. as, and in antec.
a'lmost (awl-), adv. Very nearly (qualifying by as and so]
v., adv., adj. ; also noun, as his a. impudence). alt, n. (Mus.) high tone, esp. in a., in octave
[f. all + most adv.] above treble stave beginning with G (fig.) in ;

alms (ahmz), n. (usu. as sing.). Charitable a., in an exalted frame of mind. [Pr., f. L altum
relief of the poor donation
; a.-folk, alms- ; high]
man, (supported by charity) a.-giving a.- ; ; a'ltap Flat-topped block for offer-
(awl-), n.
house, one founded by charity for reception ings to deity ; Communion Table ; lead to the
of poor. [OE xlmysse f. L f. Gk eleemosune a., a.-cloth, (prop.) linen cloth used at
marry;
compassionateness (eleemon adj. f. eleos com- Communion or Mass, (loosely) silk frontal and
passion)] super-frontal ; a.-piece, reredos. [f. altare L
a'lmug. See algum. (alius high)]
 + ;

ALTARWISE 26 AMAZON
a'ltapwise, adv. In the manner of an alumina, [f. F alumineux f. L ahaninosus
altar. (alumen alum, see -ous)]
alta'zimuth, n. Instrument for determin- alu'mnus, n. (pi. -ni). Pupil of a school or
ing altitude and azimuth of heavenly bodies. university. [L, = foster-child]
[alt- for altitude azimuth] a'lveolate (-at), a. Honey-combed, pitted
a'ltep (awl-), v.t. & i. Change in character, with small cavities, [f. L alveolatus f. foil.,
position, &c. Hence or cogn. altepa- see -ate 2]
bi'lity, altePA'Tiox, nn., a'ltePABLE a. [f. alve'olus, n. Small cavity socket of tooth, ;

14th-c. F altdrer f. med. L alterare (L alter whence alve'olAR * a. cell of honey-comb ;

other)] conical chamber of a Belemnite. [L, dim. of

a'lterative, a. n. &
Tending to alter; (n.) alveus cavity]
medicine, treatment, that alters processes of a'lways (awl-), adv. At all times ; on all
nutrition, [prec. + -ati ve] occasions, [f. all a. + way ; alway (now archaic
a'ltepeate (alt-, awlt-), v.i. Dispute hotly, or poet, for always) orig. meant ' all the way,
wrangle, {with). So altepeATiON n. [f. L continually', always (gen. case) having prob.
altercari, see -ate 3] the sense on every occasion
'
']
a' Iter &go, n. One's other self ; intimate am. See be^
friend. [L, lit. other I] a'madou (-00), n. German tinder, prepared
altep'nant, a. & n. Alternating (Mineral.)
; from fungi, used as a match and styptic. [F
of alternating layers; (n.) a. quantity. [F, f. Pr. (OPr. amador), f. L amatorem lover
part, of alterner f. L alternare alternate] (amare, see -or 2 )]
altep'nate 1 (awl-, -at), a. (Of things of two amai'n, adv. (archaic, poet). Vehemently;
kinds) coming each after one of the other kind ; in all haste, [a prep. + main, OE msegn, force]
(Biol.) a. generation (by a. processes, as first by amalgam, n. Mixture of a metal with
budding,nextby sexualreproduction); a. leaves, mercury, as gold a. ;
plastic mixture of any
angles, (placed alternately on the two sides of substances (also fig.), F amalgame, med. L
[f.
stem, line). Hence altep'nateLY 2 adv. [f. L amalgama, perh. f. L f. Gk malagma an
alternare do one thing after the other (altemiis emollient (malasso, st. malak-, soften)]
every other f. alter other), see -ate 2] amalgamate 1 (-at), a. Combined, esp. of
alternate 2, v.t. & i. Arrange, perform, (two languages, [f. med. L amalgamare (as prec,
sets of things) alternately interchange (one ; see -ate 2 )]
thing) alternately with, by, another; (of two amalgamate v. t. 2, & i. Mix unite;

things) succeed each other by turns ; (of a (classes, societies, ideas) ; (of metals) combine
whole) consist of alternate things (of one class ; with mercury. Hence amalgamATiON,
of things) appear alternately with another. So ama'lgamatOR 2 , nn., ama'lgamatiVE a.
altepnA'TiON n. [f. prec] [f. prec, see -ate 3 ]
altep'native, a. & n. (Of two things) amanue'nsis, n. (pi. -nses). One writes who
mutually exclusive (strictly) permission to ; from [L, adj. used as n., f. (servus) a
dictation.
choose between two things (loosely) either of ; manu secretary -ensis belonging to] +
two possible courses, as / had no (other) a. one ; a"marant(h), n. Imaginary unfading
of more than two possibilities. Hence altep*- flower genus, including Prince's Feather and
;

nativeLY 2 adv. [f. med. L alternativus (as Love-lies-bleeding; purple colour. Hence
prec., see -ative)] amapa*nt(h)iNE * a. [f. F amarante f. L f.
although* (awl-), conj. Though, [f. all adv. Gk amarantos everlasting, name of a flower
-f though] (a- not + maran- st. of maraino fade) h by ;

a'ltitude, n. Height depth (Geom.) length ; ; confusion with Gk anthos flower]

of perpendicular from vertex to base height ; amapyllis, n. Genus of autumn-flowering
above sea level; (usu. in pi.) high place; (fig.) bulbous plants. [L, f. Gk Amarullis, name of
eminence, [f. ~Laltitudo (altus high), see -tude] a country girl]
a'lto, n. (mus.). Highest male voice, counter- ama'ss, v.t. Heap together accumulate (esp. ;

tenor its musical part female voice of simi-

; ; riches), [f. 12th-c F amasser (d to + masser f.
lar range, contralto its part singer with alto
; ; masse mass n.] _
voice a.-clarinet, -viola, instruments similar
; a'mateup (-tur), n. One who is fond of;
to the clarinet, viola, but of higher pitch. [It. one who cultivates a thing as a pastime.
alto (canto) high (singing)] Hence amateup'iSH a., amateup'ishLY 2
altogether (awl-), adv. & n. Totally; on adv., amateup'ishNESS, amateup'iSM, nn.
the whole (n.) an a., a whole, [all a.]
; [F, f. L amatorem (amare love, see -or 2 )]
a'lto-pelie'vo (-rile'vo), n. (sculp.). High a'mative, a. Disposed to loving. Hence
relief. [It. alto-rilievo] a'mativeNESS n. [f. L amare love, see -ative]
a'ltpuism, Regard for others as a prin-
n. a'matory, a. Pertaining to a lover or to
ciple of action. Hence a'ltruiST n., al- sexual love. Hence amatop'iAL a. [f. L
tpui'stic a., altPui'stiCALLY adv. [L Fa?- amatorius (amare love, see -ory)]
truisme (It. altrui others' f. L alteri huic to this amaupo'sis, Partial or total loss of
n.
other, see -ism)] sight from disease of optic nerve. Hence
a'lum, n. A double sulphate of aluminium amaupo'TTC a. [Gk, f. amauroo darken
and potassium series of salts including this
; ;
(amauros dark), see -osis]
family of compounds including these (Mine- ; ama'ze v.t. Overwhelm with wonder.
1
,

ral.) various native minerals, alums proper Hence ama'zedLY 2 ama'zingLY 2 advv., , ,

and pseudo-alums. [OF, f. L alumen] ama'zeMENT n. [a- (1)+ maze v., etym.
alu'mina, n. One of the earths, the only dub.]
oxide of aluminium, [f. L alumen alum, on type ama'ze 2 , [f. prec]
n. (poet,). = amazement,
of soda &c] A'mazon Fabulous race of female
(a-), n.
alumi'nium, n. White light sonorous warriors in Scythia female warrior (lit. and ;

ductile malleable metal, not oxidized in air, fig.) masculine woman. Hence Amazo'n-
;

used for instruments and as an alloy; a. ian a. [f. L f. Gk (prob. foreign word, but ex-
bronze, alloy of a. and copper, [f. alumina ;
plained by Greeks as a- not + mazos breast,
formerly alumium, aluminum] from destruction of right breast to facilitate
alu'minous, a. Of the nature of alum or use of bow)]
 ;,; ;

AMBAGES 27 AMERICAN
amba-ges (-jez), n. pi. Roundabout ways. rant ; divine. Hence ambro'sialLY adv.
[L {amb- about + ctg- f. agere drive 16th-c. E ; L f.
[f. Gk ambrosios, see prec. and -al]
had a'mbage, pi. a'mbages] a'mbry, n. (archaic). Pantry; wall-press;
ambassador, n. Minister sent by one dresser ; closed recess in wall of church, [f. L
sovereign or State on mission to another (usu. armarium tool-chest (arma tools, see -ary *),
A. extraordinary); minister permanently re- with I for r by dissim., and phonetic -&-]
presenting sovereign or State at foreign court ambs-ace (amz-), n. Both aces, lowest throw
(Ordinary, Resident, A. formerly A. Leger) ; at dice ; bad luck ; worthlessness. [£. OF
A. Plenipotentiary (with full power to sign ambes as f. L ambas as, see ace ; also written
treaties &c.) ; official messenger. Hence am- ames-]
bassado'PTAL a. [f. F ambassadeur f. OSp. a'mbulance, n. Moving hospital following
ambaxadorf. med. Li*ambactiator agent-noun army waggon ; for conveying wounded off field
of ambactiare ambactia office f. Celt, am-
f. of battle. [F (L ambulare walk, see -ance)]
bactus servant (ambi about + a g- drive, cogn. w. a'mbulatory, a. & n. Pertaining to walk
L agere)] ing ;adapted for walking movable not per- ; ;

ambassadress, n. Female ambassador; manent. (N.) place for walking arcade, cloister, ;

ambassador's wife. prec. -ess [f. L ambidatorius (as prec, see -ory)]
]
[f. -f ]

a'mbep, n. Yellow translucent fossil resin, ambusca'de 1 , n. Ambush, [f. F embus-

found chiefly on S. shore of Baltic ; a. Fauna, cade f. It. imboscata or Sp. emboscada (imboa-
flora, animals, plants, of which remains are care, see ambush v. and -ade]
found in a. [f. F ambre f. Arab, 'anbar am- ambusca'de 2 v.t. & Lie, conceal, in am- , i.

bergris, to which the name orig. belonged] bush, [f. prec]

a'mbergrris (-es), n. Wax-like substance a'mbush (-60-), n. Concealment of troops,
*
found floating in tropical and in intestines seas, troops concealed, in a wood &c (generally) ;

of sperm-whale, odoriferous and used in per- lying in wait; make, lay, an a., lie in a. [f.
fumery, formerly in cookery, [f. F ambre gris OF embusche (as foil.) am- perh. due to ;

gray amber] ambages]

ambidexter, a. &
(Person) able to use
n. a'mbush 2 v.t. & Conceal (troops, only
, i.
lefthand as well as right; double-dealing. in p.p.) lie in wait for (intr.) lie in wait.
; OF ; [f.
Hence ambidexte'riTY [med. L (amb- on n. embuscher (Sp. emboscar, It. imboscare) f. LL
both sides 4- dexter right-handed] *iM&o.scare (boscus bush) ; see prec]
ambide*xt(e)rous, a. =prec. Hence ambi- dme damnee (ahm dahna"), n. Tool, de-
de'xtrousLY 2 adv., ambide'xtrousNESs voted adherent. _ [F]
n. [as prec. + -ous] n. Title of various ameer', amir* (-er),
a'mbient, a. Surrounding, circumfused. Mohammedan rulers in Scinde and Afghani-
[f. L ambiens -entis part, of ambire go about stan. [Arab, amir commander (amara com-
(amb- on both sides + ire go)] mand)]
ambiguity, Double meaning; expres-
n. ameliorate, v.t. & i. (Cause to) become
sion capable of more than one meaning, [f. better. Hence ameliorA'TioN, ame'liora-
med. L. ambiguitas (as foil., see -TY)] tOR 2 nn., ame'lioratiVE a. [f. F ameliorer
,

ambi'guous, a. Obscure of double mean- ; f OF ameillorer (d to + me illorer f . L meliorare

.

ing; of doubtful classification; of uncertain f. melior better)]

issue. Hence ambi'guousLY 2 adv., am- ame'n (a-, ah-), int. So be it, [f. L f.Gk f. Heb.
bi'guousNESS n. [f. L ambiguus doubtful f. amen certainty, certainly (aman strength)]
ambigere (amb- both ways + agere drive) + ame'nable, a. (Of persons) responsible (to
-ous] law &c or abs.) ; (of things) liable to ; capable
a'mbit, n. bounds compass, ex-
Precincts ; ; of being tested by (to) responsive, tractable. ;

tent, [f. L ambitus a going round (ambire, see Hence amenaBi'LiTV, ame'nableNESS, nn.,
AMBIENT)] ame'nabLY 2 adv. [AF, f. amener bring to
ambi'tion, n. Ardent desire for distinction (a to + mener bring f. L minare threaten), see
aspiration (to be, to do) ; object of such desire. -able]
[F, f. L ambitionem (ambire -it-, canvass for ame'nd, v.i. & t. Abandon evil ways
votes, see ambient and -ion)] (archaic)improve in health correct an error ;

ambi'tious, a. Full of ambition strongly ; document), make professed improve-

in (legal
desirous (of & thing, to do) showing ambition, ; ments in (measure before Parliament) make ;

as an a. attempt. Hence ambi'tiousLY 2 adv. better. Hence ame'nd able a., ame'nd-
ambi'tiousNESS n. [f. L ambitiosus (as prec, ment n. [f. OF amender f. L Emendare free
see -ous)] from faults (menda fault)]
a'mble (Of horses &c.) move by lift-
1
, v.i. amende honorable (F), n. Public apology
ing two feet on one side together; ride an and reparation.
ambling horse, ride at an easy pace move in ; amends, n. Reparation, restitution, com-
a way suggesting an ambling horse, [f. F pensation, as make a. [f. OF amendes penalties,
ambler f. L ambulare walk] fine, pi. of amende reparation f. amender
a'mble 2 n. Pace of an ambling horse easy amend pi. now treated in E as sing.]
, ; ;
pace. [f. F amble f. ambler, see prec] ame'nity, n. Pleasantness (of places, per-
amblyd'pia, n. Impaired vision. Hence sons, &c) (pi.) pleasant ways. [f. L amoenitas ;

amblyd'pic a. [Gk, f. ambludpos a. (amblus (amoenus conn. w. amare love, see -TV)]
dull + ops opos eye)] a me'nsa et to'ro, adv. From board and
a'mbo, n. (pi. -bos, -bo'nes). Pulpit in early bed. [L]
Christian churches. [LL, f. Gk ambon] ame'ntum, ame'nt, n. Catkin. Hence
amboy'na(wood), n. Finely marked wood amentA'CEOUS, amenti'FEROus, ame'nti-
of an Asiatic tree. [Amboyna Island] form, aa. [L, = thong]
ambro'sia (-zia, -zhya), n. (Myth.) food of amer'ee, v.t. Fine (loosely) punish. Hence ;

the gods; anything delightful to taste or amer'eiABLE a.,amer*eeMENT, amer'eia-

smell bee-bread, [f. L f. Gk, fern, of ambro-
; ment, nn. [orig. amercy f. AF amercier (a at
sios of the immortals f. ambrotos (a- not + + mevci mercy)]
(m)brotos mortal)] American, a. & n. Belonging to continent
ambro'sial (-zial, -zhyal), a. Divinely frag- of America or to United States. (N.) native of
 ; ;;;

AMERICANISM 28 AMPHIBIOUS
America of European descent; citizen of ammo'niated, a. Combined with am-
United States, [-ax] monia, [f. prec. + -ATE 1 (3) + -ED J
]

Americanism, n. Word or phrase peculiar a'mmonite, n. Fossil genus of Cephalopods.

to or extending from United States ; attach- [after med. L cornu Ammonis horn of (Jupiter)
ment to, sympathy with, United States, [prec. Ammon, see -ite">|2)]
+ -ism] ammunition, n. Military stores (formerly
Ame'pieanize, Naturalize as an v.t. & i. of all kinds, now of powder, shot, shell, &c);
American; make American in character; a.-boots, -bread, -hat (supplied to soldiers), [f.
become American in character ; use American- F amunition, vulg. amonition, by confus. of
isms, [as prec. + -ize] la munition (see munition) with I amonition]
ames-aee. See ambs-ace. amne'sia, n. Loss of memory. [Gk, = for-
a'methyst, n. Precious stone, kind of getfulness]
quartz, purple or violet Oriental A., rare ; a'mnesty, n. & v.t. , Intentional overlooking
violet variety of sapphire. Hence amethyst- act of oblivion, general pardon; (v.t.) give a. to.
ine ! a. [f. OF ametiste f. L f. Gk amethustos [f. L f. Gk amnestia oblivion f. amnestos a.
not drunken (a- not+vbl adj. f. methusko in- (a- not+wme- remember)]
toxicate f. methu wine), the stone being sup- a'mnion, n. (pi. -ia). Innermost membrane
posed to prevent intoxication] enclosing foetus before birth. [Gk, = caul (dim.
a'miable, a. Feeling and inspiring friendli- of amnos lamb)]
ness; lovable. Hence amiaBi'LiTY, a'mi- amoe'ba (ame-), n. Microscopic animalcule
ableNESS, nn., L perpetually changing shape. Hence amoe'bi-
a'miabLY 2 adv. [OF, f.

amieabilis amicable; confused with OF form, amoe'boiD, aa. [f. Gk amoibe change]
amable (mod. F aimable) f L amabilis lovable amoebae'an, a. Alternately answering, [f.
.

(amarc love, see -ble)] L f. Gk amoibaios interchanging (amoibe

amia*nt(h)us, n. Mineral, variety of as- change), see -an]
bestos, splitting into flexible fibres ; green amo'ng, amo'ngst (amu-), prep. In the
fibrous chrysolite. [L, f. Gk amiantos undefiled assemblage of, surrounded *by in the number ;

(a- not+vbl adj. f. miaino), i. e. purified by of within the limits of (collectively or dis-
;

fire, being incombustible lov-h-cf. amaranth] ;

tributively), as five shillings a. us, divided
a'mie, a. (chem.). Pertaining to ammonia, a. us in comparison with, as one a. many
; ;

[f. ammonia + -IC] by joint action as kill him a. you reci-

of, ;

a'mieable, a. Friendly done in a friendly ; procally, as quarrelled a. themselves. [OE on

spirit. Hence amicaBi'LiTV, a'mieable- gemang (on in +gemang assemblage I. gemengan
ness, nn., a'mieabiA"2 adv. [f. L amieabilis mingle) foil, by gen. case see -es] ;

(amicare make friendly f. amicus, see -ble)] a'mopous, a. Inclined to love in love of, ; ;

a'mice 1
, n. Square of white linen worn by pertaining Hence a'moPOUSLY 2
to, love.
celebrant priests, formerly on head, now (in adv., a'morousNESS n. [OF, f. L amorosus
Church of Rome) on shoulders, [earlier amyt (amor love, see -ous)]
f. OF amit f. L amictus garment; -ce, or -s, amorphous, a. Shapeless anomalous ;

perh. due to confus. w. foil.] (Min., Chem.)

uncrystallized unorganized. ;

a'mice 2 , n. Cap, hood, cape, of religious Hence amop'phiSM, amop'phousNESS, nn.

orders ; badge worn by French canons on left [f. Gk amorphos shapeless (a- not + morphe
arm. [f. OF aumusse, perh. f. Arab, al the+G form) + -ous]
miitze cap ; early confused w. prec] amop'tize, v.t. Alienate in mortmain
amfcus curiae, n. Friend of the court, extinguish (debt, usu. by means of sinking
disinterested adviser. [L] fund), whence amortizATiON n. [f. F amor-
ami'd, ami'dst, prep. In the middle of tir (st. -iss-) bring to death f. LL* admortire
(lit. and fig.) ; in the course of. [OE on middan (ad mortem to death)]
(dat. of mid) in the middle, followed by geni- amou'nt 1 v.i.
, Come to (so much) ; be equi-
tive see also -es]
;
valent (insignificance) to. [f. OF amonter f.
a'midin, n. Soluble matter of starch starch ; amont upward (a mont hillward f. L ad
in state of solution, [f. amid- com. -Rom. form montem)]
of L amylum starch + -in] amou'nt 2 n. Total to which a thing
,

ami'dships, adv. In middle of ship. [f. amounts full value, significance, &c. quantity,
; ;

amid + ship + -es] as a considerable a. (of), [f. prec]

amir, n. See ameer. amoup* (-moor), n. Love-affair; intrigue.
ami'ss, adv. & pred. a. Xot up to the mark [F, = love f. L amorem, nom. -or, f. amarc]
out of order; wrongly; untowardly, as come amoupe'tte (-moor-), n. Petty love-affair.
a. take a., take offence at ; not a., appropriate.
;
[F, dim. of amorir]
[Aprep.+Miss n.] amour- pro' pre (a 'moor-pro *pr), n. Self-
a'mity, Friendship, friendly relations,
n. esteem. [F]
[f. F amitie, earlier amiste, f. pop. Lamicitatem ampere' (-er), n.. (electr.). Current that one
(amicus friend, see -ty)] volt can send through one ohm, unit of current.
a'mraeter, n. Instrument for measuring [name of electrician]
force of electric currents, [f. am(pere) + ampersa'nd, n. The sign & (and, L et).

-meter]_ [alsoampus-, ampassy-, ampussy-, corrupt, of

ammo'nia, n. colourless gas with pungent A '
and per se = by itself) and '] (

smell and strong alkaline reaction, spirit of amphi- in comb. Both, of both kinds, on
hartshorn (Chem.) large series of compounds,
;
both sides, around. [Gk, prep.]
analogous to ammonia Liquid A., solution of ; Amphi'bia, n. pi. Division of Vertebrata,
a. in water, [f. foil.] intermediate between reptiles and fishes, as
ammo'niac, a. & n. Of the nature of am- frogs, newts, &c. Hence amphi'biAN a. & n.
monia; Sal A., hard white crystalline salt, [f. L f. Gk amphibia (zoa) (animals) living in
said to have been prepared from camels' dung both elements (amphi- + bios life)]
near temple of Jupiter Ammon Gum A. (also ; amphibio'logy, n. Branch of zoology
A.), a gum resin used in medicine and as treating of Amphibia, + -logy]
[prec.
cement. Hence ammoni'acAL a. [F, f. L f. amphi'bious, Living both on land and
a.
Gk ammoniakon belonging to Ammon] in water ; connected with both land and water
 ;
;; ;;

AMPHIBOLOGY 29 ANAEMIA
having two lives, connected with two classes, amu'sement, Pleasant diversion ex-
n. ;

&c. Hence amphi'biousiA- adv. [f. am- citement of risible faculty

pastime, [f. F ;

phibia + -ous] amusement (amuser, see prec. and -ment)]

amphibo'log-y, n. Quibble ambiguous ; amygda'lie, a. Of almonds, as a. acid.
wording. Hence amphibolo'giCAL a. [f? F [f. L amygdala almond + -ic]
amphibologie f. L f. Gk AMPHi(bolia t. ballo amygdaloid, a. & n. (Igneous rock con-
throw) assim. to words in -logy]
; taining mineral nodules) of almond shape, [f.
Amphi'ctyons, n. pi. Deputies from ancient Gk amugdale almond + -oid]
Greek states forming council. So Amphic- amyla'ceous, a. Of starch, starchy, [f. L
tyd'nic a. [f. Gk amphiktuones neighbours] amylum starch + -aceous]
a'mphigam, n. (bot. Plant with no distinct ). a'myloid, a. & n. Starchy (food), [as prec.
sexual organs. amphi'gamous a. + -oid]
Hence
[f. F amphigame + Gk gamos mar- an, a. See a, adj.
(amphi-
riage)] an-, pref. (1) an — on, as in anon, anent. (2) f.
amphigoup'i (oori), a'mphigopy, n. f. L ad before n, see ad-. (3) L an- = ambi-, f.
Nonsensical composition. [?] as in ancipitous. (4) f. Gk ana-. (5) f. Gk an-
amphio'xus, n. The fish Lancelet. [f. — a- not (before vowel), as in anarchy.
amphi-+ Gk oxus sharp] -an, suf. of adjj. (often used as nn.), f. L
amphi'poda, n. pi. Order of Crustacea, -anus direct or through F -ain (the early E
with feet of two kinds. Hence a'mphipod form, retained in certain, captain, chaplain)
n., amphi'podAX, amphi'podous, aa. [am- or -en, or It., Sp.. Port., -ano, and freely used
phi- + Gk pons podos foot] in new words added esp. to names of place,
;

amphi'prostyle, a. With portico at both system, zool. order, or founder (Chilian, Angli-
ends. [F, f. L f. Gk amphiprostulos (amphi- can, reptilian, Lutheran) often as E termina- ;

+pr0Stul0S PROSTYLE) tion to L adjj. in -ius, giving -ian as a mere

amphisbae'na, n. Fabulous serpent with phonetic variant (cf. Christ-ian, Moham-
head at each end;.(Zool.) genus of worm-like med-an). See also -ane.
lizards. [L, f. Gk amphisbaina (aviphis both a*na, n. (With pi. anas) collection of person's
ways +&airto go] memorable sayings (collect, pi.) anecdotes,;

amphithe'atre, n. Oval or circular build- literary gossip, about a person. [= -ana]

ing, with seats rising behind and above each ana-, pref. = Gk ana up, back, again, anew ;

other round a central open space part of a ; before a vowel an-.

theatre; (fig.) scene of a contest. Hence -ana, suf. Neut. -anus (see
pi. of L adjj. in
amphithea'triCAL a. [f. L f. Gk amphi- prec.) appended in 16th-c. F to names = the
theatron (see amphi- and theatre)] sayings of; in E from 18th c, now including
Amphrtryon, n. Host, entertainer. [Mo- anecdotes about, publicationsbearingon, places
liere,Amphitryon, iii. 5] or persons, as Tunbrigiana, Shaksperiana.
a'mphora, n. Greek or Roman two-handled anaba'ptism, n. Re-baptism; doctrine of
vessel. [L, f. Gk amphorcus for amphi(2?/* ore us anabaptists, [f. L f. Gk anabaptismos (ana-
t. phero bear)] rbaptismos baptism)]
ampho'rie, a. (med.). Like the sound pro- anaba'ptist, n. One who baptizes over
duced by blowing into large vessel with small again (opprobriously) = baptist. Hence ana- ;

mouth, [f. prec. + -ic] bap ti'stiCAL a. [as prec, see -ist]
a'mple, a. (-er, -est). Spacious extensive a* nab as, n. Genus of fishes that leave water
;

abundant copious ; quite enough. Hence and ascend trees. [Gk part, of anabaino walk
;

a'mpLY 2 adv., a'mpleNESS n. [F, f. L up]

amplus] ana'basis, n. Military advance, esp. that
a'mpliative, a. (logic). Extending a simple
of Cyrus the younger into Asia, narrated by
conception, [r. L Xenophon. [Gk, = ascent f. ANA(6ai«o go)]
ampliare Aviden {aviplus),
see -ative] anachro'nic, a. Involving anachronism ;
amplification, n. Extension, enlargement out of date. [f. ana- -f Gk khronos time*+ -ic]
making the most of a thing, [f. L amplificatio ana'chponism, n. Error in computing
(as foil., see -ation)] time thing out of harmony with the present. ;

a'mplify, v.t. & i. Enhance enlarge (story, So ana'chponi'stic a. [f. F anachronisme

;

statement) expatiate, ; [f. F amplifier f. L I. Li f. Gk anakhronismos f. anakhronizo (as

amplificare (as ample, see -fy)] prec.)]
a'mplitude, n. Breadth abundance wide anaela'stic, a. Pertaining to refraction
; ;

range dignity (Astr.) space by which celestial springing back with crackling sound, as a.
; ;

body rises, sets, wide of due east, west. [F, f. glasses, [f. Gk anaklastos refracted f. ana-
L amplitudo (as ample, see -tude)] (klao bend)]
ampu'lla, n. Roman two-handled flask anacolu'thon, n. (pi. -a). Sentence, words,
vessel for sacred uses (Biol.) dilated end of ; lacking grammatical sequence, [f. Gk ana-
vessel, canal, duct, in an animal. Hence am- kolouthon (an- (5)+akolouthos following f. a-
PuIIa'ceous a. [?] copul. +keleuthos road)]
a'mputate, Cut off (part of animal anaco'nda, n. Large snake of Ceylon
v.t.
body &c. or Hence amputA'TiON, large S. -American Boa any large snake that
abs.). ;

a'mputatoR 2 nn. [f L amputare (amb- about crushes its prey. [?]

, .

+ putare prune), see -ate 3 ] anacpeo'ntic, a. & n. (Poem) in the manner

amu'ek, adv. Run a., run about in frenzied or metre of Anacreon's lyrics convivial and ;

thirst for blood (also fig.), [f. Malay amoq rush- amatory, [f. L Anacreonticus (Gk Anakreon,
ing in frenzy] name of poet)]
a'mulet, n. Thing worn as charm against anacpu'sis, n. (prosody). Unstressed syllable
evil(lit. and fig.), [f. L amuletum, etym. dub.] at beginning of verse, [f. Gk anakrousis
amu'se (-z), v. t. Divert from serious business (A^Akroud strike up)]
(with trifles, by trifling) tickle the fancy of ; ana'dpomous, a. (Of fishes) ascending
be amused with, by, at. So amu'SABLE, rivers to spawn, [f. Gk ANA(dro?nos running)
amu'sivE, aa. [f. OF amuser cause to muse + -ous]
(causal a to+muser stare)] anaemia, n. (med.). Lack of blood, un-
 ;;

ANAESTHESIA 30 ANBURY
healthy paleness. Hence anaemic a. [f. Gk analysis, [f F analyste f. analyser analyse, on
.

anaimia (an- (o)+hai?na hlood)] anal, of nouns in -iste -1ST f. vbs in -iser -ize]
anaesthesia, n. Insensibility (lit.), [f. analytic, a. Pertaining to analysis. Hence
Gk anaisthesia (an- (5)+ diathesis sensation analytics n. [f. med. L f. Gk analutikos (as
f. st. aisthe- perceive)] analysis, see -ic)]
anaesthetic, a. & n. (Agent) that produces analytical, Employing the analytic
a.
insensibility. Hence anaesthetiCALLY adv. method (Lang.) using separate words instead
;

[f. insensible (as prec) + -icj

Gk anaisthetos of inflexions. Hence analy tiealLY 2 adv.
anaesthetize, v.t. Render insensible (lit. + -al]
[prec.
and fig.). Hence anaesthetizATiON n. [as anamnesis, n. Recollection (esp. of a pre-
prec. -r -ize] vious existence). [Gk (ANAmimnesko remind)]
a'naglyph, n. Embossed ornament in low anamor'phosis, n. Distorted drawing ap-
relief. Hence anag-ly'phic a. [f. Gk ana- pearing regular from one point; (Bot.) ab-
gluphe (glupho carve)] normal transformation. [Gk anamorphosis
anagnop'isis, n. Denouement in a drama. (AXAinorphoo transform f. morphe form, see
[L t'Gk, f. anagnorizo recognize] -osis)]
anago'ge (-je), n. Spiritual or allegorical ana'nas (ana-, anah-), n. Pine-apple, [prob.
So anag-d'grcUL) aa., ana-
interpretation. f. Peruv. Ka?ias ; also anana, -s being taken
go'giealLY adv. [L, f. Gk anagoge i. anago
2 for plural]
lead up (an- 4)] ana'ndpous, a. (bot.). Without stamens,
a'nagpam, n. Transposition of letters of [f. Gk anandros husbandless (an- (o).+ aner
word or phrase, to form new word or phrase. andros male) + -ous]
Hence anagramma'ticl al) aa. anagram- a'napaest, n. (Prosody) foot consisting of ,

matiealLY 2 adv. [f. F anagramme f. Gk two short syllables followed by one long.
A~s\{graphd write), see -m] Hence anapaestic a. [f. L f. Gkanapaistos
anagpa'mmatize, v.t. Form into an ana- reversed (ana- + paid strike)]
gram. Hence anagra'mmatis.M, ana- ana'phora, n. Repetition of word or phrase
gra'mmatiST, nn. [f. Gk anagrammatizo in successive clauses. [L, f. Gk anaphore =
(as prec, see -ize)] carrying back f. ANA(phero bear)]
a'nal, a. Pertaining to, situated near, the a'nareh (-k), n. (poet.).Leader of revolt, [f.
anus. anus + -al] [f. Gk anarkhos without ruler (an- (5)+arkhos)]
a'nalects, analeeta, n. pi. Literary anar'ehie, -ieal, aa. Lawless. Hence
gleanings, [f. L f. Gk analckta things gathered anar'ehiealLY 2 adv. [as prec. + -ic, -ical]
(ANAlego pick up)] a'narehist, n. Advocate of anarchy. So
analeptic, a. & n. Restorative (medicine). a'narehis.M n. [as prec. +-ist]
[f. Gk analeptikos f. ASA(lambano take) a'narehy, n. Absence of government dis-
re- ;

store, see -ic] order confusion, [f. Gk anarkhia (as prec.)]

;

analogic, a. Of analogy, [f. L f. Gk ana- anap'thpous, a. (Greek Gram.) used with-

logikos (asanalogy, see -ic)] out the article (Physiol.) jointless. [f. an- (o)+ ;

analogical, a. According to analogy ex- Gk arthron joint, article, + -ous] ;

pressing an analogy. Hence analo'glealLY 2 anasarca, n. A dropsical affection. Hence

adv. [prec. + -al] anasap'cous a. [f. Gk ana wp+sarka (nom.
ana'log'ist, n. One occupied with analogies sarjc) flesh]
philosopher who saw in words images of the anastatic, a. In relief ; a. printing (from
things they expressed, [as foil., see -ist] reliefson zinc plates), [f. Gk anastatos set up
ana'logize, v.t. & i. Represent by ana- (ANAsto- stand up) + -ic]
logy show to be analogous employ analogy
; ; ; ana'stomose, (-z), v.i. Communicate by
be in harmony (with), [f. analogy 4- -ize] anastomosis, [f. F anastomoser (anastomose,
analogous, a. Similar, parallel, (to). Hence as foil.)]
ana'logousLY, 2 adv., ana'logrousNESs n. anastomd'sis, n. Cross connexion of
[f. Lf. Gk analogos (ana up to+logos propor- arteries, branches, rivers, &c. [Gk, f. anastomoo
tion) + -ous] furnish with mouth (stoma), see -osis]
a'nalog'ue (-6g), n. Analogous, parallel, word anathema, n. Accursed thing; curse of
or thing. [F, f. Gk analogon neut. adj., see God ; curse of the church, excommunicating a
prec] person or denouncing a doctrine ; imprecation.
ana'logy, n. (Math.) proportion agreement, ; [L, = excommunicated person, excommunica-
similarity, (to, with, between) analogue ; (Logic) ; tion, f. Gk anathema thing devoted, (later)'
process of reasoning from parallel cases accursed thing (AXAtithemi set up)]
(Lang.) imitation of inflexion or construction of anathematize, v.t. & Curse, [f. F i.

existing words in forming inflexions or con- anathernatiser f. L f. Gk anathematizo (is

structions of others, without intervention of prec, see -ize)]
the formative steps through which these at anato'mical, a. Belonging to anatomy;
first arose; (Nat. Hist.) resemblance of form structural. Hence anato'miealLY 2 adv. [f.
or function between organs essentially diffe- L f. Gk anatomikos (as anatomy, see -ic)]
rent, [f. L f. Gk analogia proportion (as ana- anatomist, n. Dissecter of bodies (fig.) ;

logous)] analyser, [f. F anatomiste, see foil, and -ist]

a'nalyse, v.t. Examine minutely the con- anatomize, v.t. & Dissect (fig.) analyse, i. ;

stitution of; (Chem., Physics) ascertain the [f. med. L anatomizare f. anatomia anatomy,
elements of a compound find, show, the ; as if f. a Gk anatomizo]
essence of (treatise &c.) ; (Gram.) resolve anatomy, n. Dissection ; science of bodily
sentence into its grammatical elements. Hence structure ; anatomical structure analysis ; ;

a'nalysABLE a. [f. F analyser (analyse, as (pop.) skeleton, mummy, emaciated creature,

foil.) also -yze in E by assim. to vbs in -ize]
; F anatomie f. L f. Gk anatomia abstr. n.
[f. =
analysis, n. (pL -yses). Resolution into ANA(tome f. temno cut)]
simple elements (in all senses of the vb) bowl- ; anatta, n. Orange-red dye, used for colour-
ing a., register of the result of each ball. [f. L ing cheese. [?]
f. Gk analttsis f. aha(Iuo loose)] a'nbupy, amb-, n. Soft tumour on horses
a'nalyst, n. One skilled in (usu. chemical) and oxen disease ; of turnips and allied plants.
 ;; ;

-ANCE 31 ANEROID
[perh.= a ng-berry (OE ang- painful, cf. ag- a'ncillapy, Subservient, subordinate,
a.
nail)] (to), [f. L ancillarius (ancilla handmaid, see
f -ance,suf. forming nn. of quality or action, -ARY 1 )]
chiefly thr. F -ance f. L -antia and -entia f. L a-ncon, n. (Physiol.) elbow (Arch. quoin of ; )
pres. part, in -ant-, -ent- (nom. -ans, -ens). OF wall or rafter, console, pretended support to
gave -ance both for existing L -antia, -entia, cornice; A. sheep, race with long bodies and
and for wds formed in F on same model ; thus, short legs, the fore-legs crooked. [L, f. Gk
assistance, nuisance, "where L would have agkon bend, elbow]
-entia. Later F followed L vowel: ilegance, -aney, suf. Mod. E different, f. -ance (see
temperance (L -antia), but diligence, prudence -Y 1 ), usu. denoting only quality or state, as
(L -entia). E adopted F forms of both kinds, opposed to -ance, which has besides this mean-
and usu. retains F form but after 1500 -ence
; ing that of action or process.
was insome wds restored where L would have and, conj. connecting words, clauses, and
-entia, and mod. formations follow L vowel. sentences, as cakes a. bxins, black a. broxen
F -ance also became living suf. in E on native bread, buy a. sell. Special uses: four a.
vbs as furtherance, forbearance, riddance. twenty (but twenty -four); two hundred a.
a'neestor, n. Forefather. Hence a'nces- forty, two thousand a. forty (but two thou-
tPESS 1 n. If. OF ancestre, ancessor, f. L ante- sand four hundred) ; ttco a. ten pence, two
cessor, -orem, f. AXTE{cedere cess- go), see -or 2] jjounds a. ten pence (but two pound ten)
ancestral, a. Belonging to, inherited from, miles a. = innumerable) miles
( nice a. ;

ancestors, [f. OF ancestrel (ancestre, see prec. (= nicely) thin; try a. (to) come, mind a.
and -al)] (to) bHng there are books a. (different kinds
;

a'neestry, n. Ancestral lineage ancient ; of, good and bad) books two a. two, by twos ;

descent; ancestors, [f. OF ancesserie (as an- stir, a. (= if you stir) you are a dead man.
cestor, see -y !)] [OE and prep. = against, end conj, f. OTeut.
a'nehithere (-kither), n. Fossil animal, size *anda, *andi]
of small pony, regarded as ancestor of the horse. anda'nte, adv. & n. (mus.). (Movement) in
[f. Gk agkhi near + therion wild beast] moderately slow time. [It.]
a'nehor1 (-k-), n. Heavy iron, composed of long ancfanti'no (-te-), adv. & n. (Movement)
shank, with ring at one end to which cable is rather quicker (orig. slower) than andante.
fastened, and at other end two barbed arms, [It., dim. of prec.]
used for mooring ship to bottom of water a'ndiron (-irn), n. Firedog, for supporting
sheet, bower, hedge, -a., (largest, middle, burning wood on hearth, [f. OF andier (mod.
smallest size) (fig.) source of confidence cast,
; ; F landier), etym. dub.]
weigh, a., let down, take up, a. at a., anchored ; ; androe-cium (-re-), n. (hot.). The stamens
come to (an) a., anchor; a.-plate, heavy piece taken collectively, [f. Gkandro-mole+oikion
of timber or metal serving as point of support house]
for cables of suspension-bridge &c. ; a.-watch, andrd'gynous (-j-), a . Hermaphrodite,
watch set while ship lies at anchor. [OE ancor whence andro'gynr i n. (Bot.) with stamens
f. L ancora (not anch-) perh. cogn. w. or adop- and pistils in same flower or on same plant, [f.
tion of Gk agkura (st. agk- hook)] L f. Gk androgunos (aner andros male-f gune
a'nehor 2, v.t. & i. Secure (ship) with anchor woman) + -ous]
(fig.) fix firmly (intr.) cast anchor, come to
; -ane, suf. (1) Variant of -an, usu. w. differ-
anchor, [perh. f. F ancrer f. ancre anchor] entiation (germane, urbane, humane), but some-
a'nchorage, n. Anchoring; lying at an- times alone (mundane). (2) (Chem.) formed to
chor anchorage-ground (fig.) thing to depend
; ; give a series with Gk -ene, -ine, -one, for
upon anchorage-dues. [prec. + -age]
; naming hydrocarbon types.
a'nchopess, a'neress, n. Female an- a'necdotage, n. Anecdotes ; (facet.) garru-
choret, [f. obs. anchor (OE ancra, short fox-m lous old age. [-age]
of L anachoreta,^ see foil.) + -ess l ] a'necdote, n. Narrative of detached inci-
a'nehoret, -ite, n. Hermit person of ; dent; (pi.) unpublished details of history. Hence
secluded habits. Hence anehore'tic a. [f. a'needotisT n., a'needotAL, anecdo't-
F anachorete f. L anachoreta (med. L -ita) ic(al), aa. [f. med. L f. Gk anekdota things
f.Gk anakhoretes (xaAkhoreo retire, see -ete), unpublished (an- (5) + ekdotos f. ekdidomi give
influenced by OE ancra, see prec] out)]
ancho'vy (also a'ntsho-), n. Small fish of ane'le, v.t. (archaic). Anoint give extreme ;
herring family ;a.-sauce, a.-toast, (made, spread, unction to. [orig. anelien (an- (1) + elien oil f.
with anchovies) a.-pear, W. -Indian fruit eaten
: OE ele, n. f. L oletim]
like mango, [f. Sp. anchova perh. f. Basque an- ane'mograph, n. Instrument for record-
chua (perh. =antzua dry)] ing on paper the direction and force of wind.
a-nchylose (-z), v.t. & i. (Of joints, bones) Hence anemogra'phica. [f. Gk anemos wind
stiffen, unite,[f. foil.] + -GRAPH]
anchylo'sis (-k-), n. Formation of stiff joint anemo'meter, n. Instrument for measur-
by consolidation of articulating surfaces, [f Gk ing force of wind, whence anemome'tric a.,
.

agkulosis (agkuloo crook f. agkulos, see -osis) anemo'METRY n. ; apparatus for showing
•ch- for -c- to preserve hard sound] wind-pressure in organ, [as prec. + -meter]
ancien regime (F),n. Time before French ane'mone (-nl), n. Genus of plants, esp.
Revolution. A. nemorosa (also called Wind-flower) Sea A., ;

a'neient 1 , a. & n. Belonging. to times long popular name of various actinoid zoophytes,
past (esp. before fall of Western Roman Em- [f. L f.Gk anemone daughter of the wind (as
pire) ; having existed, lived, long the A. of ; prec. + -one patronymic suf.)]
Days, God the ancients, civilized nations of
;
anemd'philous, a. Wind-fertilized, [f. Gk
antiquity. Hence a'neientLY 2 a*n- anemos wind, see -phil]
adv.,
cientNESS n. [f. F ancien f. LL antianum ane'nt, prep, (archaic, Sc). Concerning.
(ante before, see -an) -t by confus. w. -ent]
; [OE has on efen on a level with]
a'neient 2 n. (archaic) = ensign, [corrupt]
, -aneous, suf. f. L adjj. in -aneus (-an- -f -eo)
a*neientpy, n. Ancientness old-fashioned + -ous. ;

style, [ancient + -by] a'neroid, a. & n. A. (barometer), one that

 ;;
;

ANEURYSM 82 ANIMAL.
measures air-pressure by its action on elastic A'nglicize, English in form or
v.t. Make
lid of box exhausted of air, not by height of character, [f. L Anglicus English + -ize.
fluid column, [f. F aneroide (Gk a- not + Anglo- in comb. English, as A. -Catholic;
neros wet, see -oid)] of English origin, as A. -American; half Eng-
a'neupysm, -ism, n. Morbid dilatation lish and half , —
as A. -French (entente &c).
of an artery; abnormal enlargement. Hence [comb, form of L Anglus English]
aneupysmAL, -i'smAL, a. [f. Gk aneu- Angloma'nia, n. Excessive admiration of
rusma (aneuruno widen out f. eurus wide)] English customs. So A'ngloPHOBE, Anglo-
anew", adv. Again in a different way. ;
phovbia, nn. [prec. + -mania]
[A- (3) + new] Anglo-Sa'xon, n. & a. English Saxon (as
anfraetuo'sity, n. Circuitousness, in- distinct from Old Saxons of the continent)
winding pas-
tricacy, (lit. and fig.); (usu. pi.) Old English (people, language) before Norman
sage, [f. F anfractuosite t L anfractuosus Conquest (in this dictionary called OE) of ;

f. anfractus a bending (amb- about -\-frangere English descent (wherever found), whence
fract- break), see -ose and -ty] Anglo-Sa'xonDOM n. [f. L Anglo-Saxones
a'ngel, n. Divine messenger lovely or inno- ; (pl.)J
cent being minister of loving offices ; old
; Anglo-Sa'xonism, n. Belief in claims of
English gold coin (in full a.-noble), from 6s. 8d. the Anglo-Saxon race. [prec. + -ism]
to 10s., showing Michael piercing dragon; angola, angor'a, made from
n. Fabric
good, evil, a., attendant spirits a. (messenger) ; wool of angora goat; A. cat (long-haired
of death a.-fish, kind of shark, [f. L angelus
;
variety), [f. Angora (L Ancyra, Gk Agkura),
f. Gk aggelos messenger, used to transl. Heb. town in Asia Minor, corrupted to angola]
maVak messenger (of Jehovah)] angostur'a, angus-, a. & n. Bark used
angelic, a. Pertaining to angels; like an as febrifuge and tonic, as A. bitters, [f. Angus-
angel, of superhuman qualities A. Doctor, ; tura, town on the Orinoco, now Ciudad Bolivar]
Thomas Aquinas. Hence angelic al a., an- a'ngpy, a. Enraged, wrathful, resentful,
ge'liealLY 2 adv. [f. F angelique f. L f. Gk (at, about, thing, at, with, person) ; irritable,
aggelitcos (as prec, see -ic)] passionate. Hence a'ngpiLY 2 adv. [f. anger
angelica, n. Aromatic plant, used in cook- n. +-y2]
ing and medicine candied angelica root. [f.
; a'nguine (-g w-), a. Snake-like, [f . L anguis
med. L (herba) angelica angelic herb] snake, see -ine 2 ]
angelo^latpy, n. Angel-worship. *[f. Gk a'nguish (-gw-), Severe bodily or mental
n.
aggelos, see angel and -latry] pain. [f. OF anguisse, angoisse choking (It.
angelo'logy, n. Doctrine as to angels, [as angoscia) f. hangustia tightness (angustus, cf.
prec. + -logy] ANGINA)]
a'ngelus, n. Devotional exercise commemo- a'ngulap, a. Having angles; sharp-cor-
rating Incarnation, said by Roman Catholics at nered placed in, at, an angle ; measured by
;

morning, noon, and sunset, at sound of bell angle, as a. divergence wanting plumpness ;

(a.-bell or a.), [f. opening words Angelus wanting suavity. Hence angula'PiTY n.,
domini] angulaPLY 2 adv. [f. L. angularis (angulus
a'ngeP 1 (-ngg-), n. Rage, hot displeasure, ANGLE, See -AR *]
[f. O^Sangr trouble (root ang strait)] amgulate (-at), a. Formed with corners.
a'ngeP 2 , v.t. Make a*ngry, enrage, [f. ON Hence a'ngulATE 3 v.t., anguLVTiON n. [f. L
angra vex (as prec.)] angulare, see -ate 2]
angi'na (-j-h n. Quinsy ; a. pecto?*is, spasm ang-usti- in comb. With narrow as — ,

of chest resulting from over-exertion when -foliate, -rostrate, (leaves, beak). [L angustus
heart is diseased. [L angina quinsy (formerly narrow]
thought to be angina, whence usu. E pronunc), anhydrous, a. (chem.). Without water of
cf. angere choke and Gk aghhone strangling] crystallization, [f. Gkanudros (an- (o) + hudor
angio- in comb. = Gk aggeion vessel dim. of water) + -ous]
aggos chest, chiefly in terms relating to seed- anigh*, adv. & prep. Near. [mod. sham
or blood-vessels. archaism, after afar]
a'ngle 1 ,Space between two meeting
n. a'nil, n. Indigo (shrub and dye). [F, = Sp.
lines or planes two lines to each
; inclination of anil f. Arab, an-nil (al the + nil f. Skr. nili
other acute, obtuse, right, a. corner sharp
; ; ; indigo]
projection a.-iron, L-shaped piece of iron to
; a'nile, a. Old-womanish ; imbecile, [f. L
strengthen frame work; a.-ivise, angularly. anilis (anus old woman, see -ile)J
Hence (-)a*nglED 2 a. [F, f. L angulus dim. a'niline, A
chemical base, the source of
n.
of *angus, cf. Gk agkos bend] many dyes, obtained originally from indigo,
a'ngle 2, v.i. Fish with hook and bait (for now chiefly from coal-tar. [anil'+ -ine 5]
or abs.), lit. and fig. [f. obs. n. angle hook (OE ani'lity, n. Dotage, [f. L anilitas (as prec,
angul cogn. w. OHG angul mod. G angel, cf. L see -ty)]
uncus and angulus, see prec.)] animadvep'sion, n. Criticism; censure,
A'ngle 3 ,n. (PI.) Low-German tribe settled [f.L animadversio (animadvertere -vers-, see
in Northumbria, Mercia, and E. Anglia. [f. L foil, and -ion)J
Angina f. OTeut. angli- (OE engel) f. Angul animadvep't, v.i. Pass criticism or cen-
a district of Holstein (as prec.)] sure on (conduct, fault, &c). If. L animad-
a'ngle p, n. One who angles (Zooi.) a British ; vertere t animus mind + xo(vertere vers-
fish that preys upon small fish, attracting them turn)l
by filaments attached to head and mouth, [f. a'nimal, n. & a. Organized being endowed
ANGLE 2 + -ER 1
] (more or less perceptibly) with life, sensation,
A'ngliean, a. & n. (Adherent) of the re- and voluntary motion other a. than man ;

formed church of England, esp. of High Church quadruped man no better than a brute ; per-
;

£rinciples. Hence A'nglieaniSM n. [f. med. taining the functions of animals, as a.

to
iAnglicanus (Anglicus f. Angli English)] spirits (natural buoyancy), a. magnetism (mes-
A'ngtice (-se), adv. In English. [L] merism) ; pertaining to animals as opp. to
A'nglieism, n. English idiom ; English vegetables; carnal. Hence a*nimalLY 2 adv.
political principles, [f. foil., see -ism] [L, for animate neut. of animalis having
 ;; ;;;

ANIMALCULE 33 ANNULET
breath (aninia breath, see -al) ; the adj. orig. blooded worms. Hence a'nnelm^ n., an-
f.L adj.] ne'lidAN a. [mod. L, f. F anneles ringed (OF
animalcule, n. Microscopic animal, [f. L annel ring f. L a(n)nellus dim. of anulus ring)
animalculum (animal, see prec. and -cule)] + ida, cf. -id 3 ]
anima'lculism, n. Reference of physio- anne'x, v.t. Add as subordinate pare; ap-
logical phenomena to agency of animalcules. pend (to book &c.) take possession of (terri- ;

So anima'leuliST n. [f. prec. + -ism] tory &c); attach as an attribute, addition, or

a'nimalism, n. Animal activity sensu- consequence. Hencefor cogn. anne'XABLE a., ;

ality; doctrine that men are mere animals. annexA'TiON n. [f. F annexer f. annexe
[animal + -ism] thing joined f. L AN(necte?°e nex- bind)]
anima'lity, n. Animal nature or system anne*x(e), n. Addition to a document
merely animal nature the animal world, [f. ; supplementary building. [F (-xe), see prec]
F animalite (animal a., see -ty)] anni'hilate, v.t. Blot out of existence.
a'nimalize, v.t. Convert into animal sub- Hence annrhilatOR 2 n. [f. L xsnihilare
stance ; sensualize. Hence animalizA'TiON (nihil nothing), see -ate 2 ]
n. [animal + -ize] annihilation, n. Utter destruction ;
(Theol.)
a'nimate 1
(-at), a. Living; lively, [f. L destruction of soul as well as body, whence
animare quicken, see -ate 2 ] annihila'tioniSM, annihila'tioniST, nn.
a'nimate-', v.t. Breathe life into ; enliven ; [F (annihiler f. Las prec, see -ation)]
inspirit in p.p.); an
(esp. animated (lively) anniversary, n. Yearly return of a date
discussion ; inspire, actuate. Hence a'nima- celebration of this. [f. L anniversarius (annus
tedLY adv., animA'TiON,
2 a*nimatOR 2 , nn. year+ versus turned, see -ary *)]
[f. prec, see -ate 3] anno aetatis suae, phr. In the — year of
a'nime A W. Indian resin used
(-ma), n. his or her age. JL]
in making varnish; other resins. [F,= ani- Anno Do'mini, phr. In the year of our
mated (by the many
insects contained)] Lord, of the Christian era, (usu. A.D.). [L]
a'nimism, n. Doctrine of the anima mundi a'nnotate, v.t. & i. Furnish with notes
(that phenomena of animal life are produced (book, author) (intr.) make notes (on).
; So
by an immaterial soul) attribution of living ; annotA'TiON, a'nnotatOR 2 nn. [f. L an- ,

soul to inanimate objects and natural pheno- notare (nota mark), see -ate 3 ]
mena ; spiritualism (as opposed to materialism). announce, v.t. Proclaim intimate the ;

Hence a'nimiST n., animi'stic a. [f. L approach of make known (without words) to
;

anima life, soul + -ism] senses or mind. Hence annoirneeMENT n.

animo'sity, n. Active enmity (against, [f. OF anoncer f% L ADnuntiare bear a mes-
between), [f. F animosite f. L animositatem sage (nuntius messenger)]
(animosus spirited f. foil., see -ose and -ty)] annoy* n. (archaic, poet.). Annoyance,
1
,
a'nimus, n. Animating spirit animosity. ; [f. OF anoi, enoi (OSp. enoyo, OVenet. inodio)
[L,= soul, mind, mental impulse] f. L phr. in odio in hatred, hateful -n- doubled ;

a'nise (-is), n. Umbelliferous plant with by assim. to ennoble &c]

aromatic seeds, [f. F anis f. L f. Gk anison, annoy* v.t. Irritate; molest, harass,
2
, [f.
anethon, anise, dill] OF anuier, anoier, t com. -Rom. inodiare (as
a'niseed, n. Seed of anise, used as a car- prec)]
minative. annoyance, n. Molestation vexation ;

anise'tte (-z-), n. Liqueur flavoured with ani- [f. OF

disgust, anuiance, anoiance {anuier,
seed. [F, dim. of anis anise] and -ance)]
see prec.
aniso- in comb. Unequal, as -merous, un- a'nnual, a. & n. Reckoned by the year ; re-
symmetrical, -sthe'nic, of unequal strength. curring yearly; lasting for one year; (plant)
[f. Gk anisos (an- (5) + isos equal)] that lives only for a year (book &c) published ;

a'nker, Measure of wine and spirits in

n. in yearly numbers. Hence a'nnualLY 2 adv.
Holland, N. Germany, Denmark, Sweden, [f. OF annuel f. L annualis= class. L annalis
Russia, and formerly in England (83 imp. gals) (annus year, see -al)]
cask holding the quantity. [Du., etym. dub.] annuitant, n. One who holds an annuity,
a'nkle, a'ncle, n. Joint connecting foot [f. foll._+ -ant, by assim. to accountant &c]
with leg; slender part between this and calf, annu'ity, n. Yearly grant investment of ;

[earlier ankel (Du. enkel, G enkel) f. root ank- money entitling investor to series of equal
bend (ci. L angulus) OE has ancleow perh. f. ; annual sums life, terminable, perpetual, a.
;

Du. anklaauw (ending assim. to klaauw claw)] (ceasing at death of investor, after specified
a'nklet, n. Ornament or support for ankle, term, on repayment of principal) immediate, ;

[prec. -f -let] deferredovreversionary,a.(commenc'mg &t end.

a'nna, n. Sixteenth part of a rupee half a., ; of first interval of payment after investment,
quarter a., E. Indian coins. [Hind, ana] after specified interval or event), [f. F annuite
a'nnalist, n. Writer of annals. Hence f. med. L annuitatem (annmis yearly, see -ty)]
annali'stic a. [f. foil. + -ist] annui, v. t. (-11-). Annihilate abolish, can- ;

a'nnals, n. pi. Narrative of events year by cel ; declare invalid. Hence annu'lMENT n.
year historical records, [f. L annates (libri)
; [f. OF anxdler (mod. F annuler) f. LL AKnul-
yearly (books) year, see -al]
f. annus lare (nullus none)]
a'nnates, n. pi. (Rom. Cath.) first year's a'nnulap, a. Ring-like a. space (between ;

revenue of see or benefice, paid to Pope. [f. F inner and outer surface of cylinder) a. liga- ;

annate f med. L annata year's proceeds (annus,

. ment (girding wrist and ankle) a. eclipse of ;

see -ade)] sun (when moon, projected on sun's disk,

anneal, v.t. Toughen by gradually dimin- leaves ring of light visible). Hence a'nnu-
ishing heat, temper (lit. and fig.), [f. an- (1) + larLY 2 adv. [f. L an(n)ularis (an(n)idus ring,
OE xlan burn, bake partly also f. OF neeler ; see -ar 1 )]
enamel f. LL nigellare blacken (nigellus, dim. a'nnulate(d), a. Furnished, marked, with
of niger)] formed of rings. Hence annulA'TiON rings ;

anne'ctent, a. Connecting, as a. link. [f. L n. Tf. L annulatus (as foil., see -ate 2 )]
as annex, see -ent] a'nnulet, n. Small ring (Arch.) small fillet ;
Annelida, n. pi. (zool.). The class of red- encircling column, [f. L annulus ring + -et *J
F.D. 2
 ;; ;;

ANNULOID 31 ANTECEDENT
a-nnuloid, a. Ring-like. So annulo SE ! a OTeut. andsivara- (and- against + * sward-
[as prec. + -oid] affirmation f. swarjan, OE swerian swear)]
annu-nciate (-shi-), v.t. Proclaim; inti- a'nswep 2, v.t. & i. Reply, as a. me, my
mate as coming or ready, [f. L annuntiare question, to me, to my question a. to (acknow- ;

ANNOUNCE, See -ATE 3] ledge, have) the name of X; a. (summons to)

annuneia'tion (-si-), n. Announcement the door reply to (charge) be responsible (for
; ;

intimation of the incarnation, made by the person or thing) a. (correspond to, also a. to) my
;

angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary; festival hopes, your description a. (fulfil) my purpose ; ;

commemorating this, Lady-day, March 25th. will not a. (do, succeed). [OE andswarian (as
[f, F annonciation f. L annuntiationem (as prec)]
prec, see -ation)] a'nswepable, a. Responsible (to person, for
annirneiatop, n. Announcer ; indicator act) (archaic) corresponding (to), [prec. + -able]
;

showing in which direction attendance sum- ant, n. A

small social hymenopterous in-
moned by bell or telephone is needed, [f. L sect celebrated for industry, emmet, pismire
annuntiator (as prec, see -OR 2 )] a.-eggs, larvae of aa. ; a.-catcher, a.-thrush, bird
a'node.n. (Electr.) positive pole (cf. cathode). of thrush family living on aa. ; a.-eater, name of
[f. Gk anodos way up + hodos way)] (ana up various animals that live onaa. ; a.-fly, winged
a'nodyne, & n.
(Medicine, drug) able to
a. a., used as bait in angling; a.-hill, mound
assuage pain; (anything) mentally soothing. over ant's nest, conical nest of termites ; White
[f. L f. Gk anodunos painless (an- (5) + odune A., termite, destructive social insect of neuro-
pain) pterous order. [OE xmete, 6mete, cogn. w. WG
anoi'nt, v.t. Apply ointment, oil, to (esp. *dmaitjo (a off + maitan cut) xmete became ;

as religious ceremony at baptism or on con- ant, emete emmet]

secration as priest or king) moisten, rub the ; ; ant- = anti- before vowel.
Lord's Anointed, Christ, (also) king by divine -ant, forming adjj. (& nn.) f. F -ant (or
suf.
right, [f. obs. adj. anoint f. OF enoint p.p. of direct) f. L -antem, -intern, -entem, accus. of
enoindre f. L iN{ungere unct-)] pres. part. (nom. -ans, -ens).OF L
levelled all
an 6m #
ali stic, a. (astr.). A. year, time partt. under ending -ant, though later F pre-
earth takes to pass from perihelion to perihe- served L -ent-. E adopted F -ant as -aunt,
lion a. month, time moon takes to pass from
;
which on loss of accent reappeared as -ant (de-
perigee to perigee, [f. Gk anomalos anomal- fiant L dijffidentem, pliant L plicantem, Ser-
ous + -1ST + -ic] jeant L servientem, tenant L tenentem). Most
ano'malous, a. Irregular; abnormal. Hence old wds retain -aiit, but since 1500 some have
ano'malousLY 2 adv., ano'malousNESs n. been refash., universally (apparent) or partly
[f. L f. Gk anomalos (an- (5) + homalos even)] (dependent, -ant) belligerant (L belligerare) is ;

ano'maly, n. Unevenness of motion &c wrongly changed to -ent on L gerere. Mod. ;

irregularity; (Astr.) angular distance of planet wds in -ant are f. L -ant-, direct or thr. F, or
or satellite from its last perihelion or perigee. on L anal, (rarely where no vb exists, as be-
[f. L f. Gk anomalia (anomalos see prec)] nignant on anal, of malignant). Noun mean-
anomo- in comb. Irregular, as -carpous, ings : (1) personal agent, (2) thing, esp. drug, pro-
bearing unusual fruit, -phyllous, with leaves ducing effect.
irregularly placed, [f. Gk anomos without law anta'cid, a. & n. Preventive of acidity (esp.
(a- not + nonios)] in stomach), [a nt- + acid]
ano'n, adv. Soon, presently ; (of contrast) anta'gonism, n. Active opposition (to,
now again ; ever and a., every now and then. against, thing ; between two come into a. ;

[OE on an into one, on dne in one (body, mind, xoith) ; opposing principle, [f. Gk antagonisma
state, way, movement, moment)] (as foil., see -ism)]
anona'ceous, a. Pertaining to the pine- antagonist, n. Opponent, adversary; (Phys.)
apple, L anona pine-apple (cf ananas)
[f. mod. . counteracting muscle. Hence antagonist-
+ -ACEOUS] ic a., antag-oni'sttCAi.Lv adv. [f. Gk ant-
a'nonym, n. Person who remains name- agonist's (as foil., see -1ST)]
less ;
pseudonym, [f. F anonyme (as foil.)] anta'g-onize, v.t. Oppose actively (in E
anony'mity, n. State of being anonymous, use only of like forces; in U.S. person may a.
[as foil., see -tv] thing) ; counteract, neutralize ; render an-
ano'nymous, a. Of unknown name ; of un- tagonistic, pit against each other, [f, Gk ant-
known authorship. Hence ano'nymous ly 2 agonizomai (agon contest, see -ize)]
adv., ano'nymousNESS n. [f. Gk anonumos anta'lkali, n. Substance that counteracts
nameless (an- (5) + onoma name)] an alkali. Hence anta'lkaliNE l a. [ant- +
ano'smia, n. Loss of sense of smell, [mod. alkali]
L f. an- (5) -f Gk osme smell] antaphpodi'siac (-diz-), a. & n. Preventive
ano'thep (-u-). pron. & a. (pi. other a., others of venereal desire, [f. ant- + aphrodisiac]
pron.). An additional (one), as try a. pear, antap'ctic, a. Southern, of south polar
try a. a counterpart to, as a. Solomon such a.,
; ; regions ; A. Pole, S. pole of earth or heavens
a. ofthe same sort; a different (one), as take A. Circle, parallel of 66° 32' S. [refash. f. OF
this towelaway and bring me a. (contrasted ;
antartique L
ANT(arktikos arctic)]
f. f. Gk
or coupled with one) one man's meat is a. ante-, pref. =L ante before, prep, and adv.,
man's poison, taken one with a. one a. [an+ ; used esp. in E to form adjj. with or without
other in OE other was used by itself, an not
; adj. ending, as ante-reformation(al).
yet being weakened to indef. article] antecedence, n. Precedence, priority, (in
anoup'ous (-owr-), a. Tailless, [f. an- (5) + time or causal relation) (Astr.) retrograde ;

Gk oura tail + -ous] motion, [f. L antecedentia (as foil., see -ence)]
a'nserine, a. Of the nature of a goose anteee'dent, a. & n. Previous (to) pre- ;

silly, [f. L anserinus (anser goose, see -ine 1

)] sumptive, a priori preceding thing or circum- ;

a'nswep (-ser), n. Reply defence solu-

l
; ; stance (Logic) the part of a conditional pro-
;

tion ; thing done in return, [orig. = solemn affir- position on which the other depends (Gram.) ;

mation to rebut a charge, OE andswaru f. noun, clause, sentence, to which a following

For other compounds of ante- see ante-.

 ANTECHAMBER 35 ANTICIPATE
(esp. relative) pronoun or adverb refers; Gk anthologia (anthos flower + -logia collec-
(Math.) first term of a ratio (pi.) past history
; tion f. lego gather)]
(esp. of persons). Hence anteee'dentLV 2 A'nthony (-to-), n. St. A., patron of swine-
adv. [f.F antecedent f. L ANTE(cec£ere go), herds ; A., smallest pig of litter ; (St.) A.'sjire,
see -ent] erysipelas.
a- n tech amber, n. Room leading to chief a'nthpacite, n. Non-bituminous variety of
apartment, [f. F antichambre (and- for ante- coal. Hence anthpaertic, a'nthpaeitous,
•rchambre chamber)] L Gk anthrakites coal-like (anthrax aa. [f. f.
a'nteehapel, n. Outer part at west end of -akos coal)]
chapel, [ante- + chapel] a'nthrax, n. Malignant boil splenic fever ;

a'ntedate *, n. Date before the true time of sheep and cattle malignant pustule caused ;

(esp. of writing), [ante- + date n.] in man by infection from animals so affected.
a'ntedate 2, v.t. Affix, assign, an earlier [L f. Gk,= carbuncle]
than the true date to (document, event) pre- anthropo- in comb. =Gk anthropos man,;

cede; anticipate, prcc] [f. as -ce'ntric, centring in man ; -geny, study of

:

antedilu'vian, a. & n. Belonging, referring, origin of man -graphy, science of geographical

;

appropriate, to the time before the flood (n.) ; distribution of mankind -lite, -lith, fossil man ; ;
old-fashioned person, (also) very old person, -metry, measurement of human body; -phag-
[f. ante- •+- L diluvium deluge + -an] ous, -phagy, man-eating.
a'ntelope, n. Deer-like ruminant genus of a'nthpopoid, a. & n. Man-like ; (n.) being
animals, [f. OF antelop f. L anthalopics f. Gk that is human in form only,
esp. a. ape. [f. Gk
antholops, etym. dub.] anthropoeide.fi (anthropo-, see -oid)]
a'nte meridiem, phr. (abbr. a.m.). Be- anthpopo'logy, n. Whole science of man ;
tween midnight and noon, as 7.30 a.m. [L] physiological and psychological science of
antemirndane, a. Existing, occurring, man study of man as an animal. Hence
;

before creation of world, [f. ante- + L mundus anthPopolo*g"iCAL a., anthpopolo'gieal-

world + -ANE] ly 2 adv., anthropo'LOGiST n. [as prec. +
antena'tal, a. Previous to birth, [ante- + -logy]
natal] anthropomorphic, a. Of the nature of
ante'nna, n. (pi. -ae). Sensory organ found + -ic] anthropomorphism, [as foil.
in pairs on heads of insects and Crustacea, anthropomorphize, v.t. Attribute hu-
man form or personality to (God &c. or abs.).
feeler ; (Bot.) irritable processes in male flower
of some orchids. Hence ante'nriAL, an- Hence anthpopomop'phiSM, anthpopo-
te'nnARV antenni'FEROus, ante'nni- mop'phisT, nn. [as foil. + -ize]
1
,

form, aa. [L,= sail-yard, perh. f. Gk anateino anthropomorphous, a. Of human form,

stretch out] [f. Gk ANTHROPOraorjjftos (morphe form) + -ous]
antepe'ndium, n. Veil for front of altar. anti-, pref. =Gk anti (before unaspir. vowel
[LAUTEpendium (pendere hang)] ant-, before aspirate anth-) opposite, against,
antepenu'lt, a. & n. Last but two (orig. in exchange, instead, rivalling in words f. Gk, :

and usu. of syllables), [abbrev. of L (syllaba) and as living pref. in (1) combining with E
antepaenultima, see foil.] nouns to form nouns, anti- having adj. force
antepenirltimate, a. & n. =pree. [f. L = ri\Sil(-pope,-king), opposing, counter, (-choru.s,
ANTEpaenultiinus (paene almost + xdtimus last) -league), reverse of (-climax) ; (2) forming adjj.
+ -ATE 2 ] on nouns governed by anti- (slavery society,
antepra'ndial, a. Before-dinner, [f. ante- -vaccination league) or on adjj. implying *a
+ L prandium + -al] noun so governed (-national, -ritualistic), with
antep'iop, a. More to the front prior (to). ; sense 'opposed to'; many of these are also
Hence anterio'PiTV n., antep'ioPLY 2 adv. nouns, esp. names of medicines (-dysenteric) \
[L,=fore, former, f. ante before] (3) forming derivative nouns and adjj. by addi-
a'nte-poom, n. Room leading to another. tion of a suf., esp. -ist, (-alcoholist, -tobacconist,
[ante- + room] -Sabbatarian) with sense 'one opposed to', also
anth-, = anti- before aspirate.
pref. corresponding abstract nn. in -ism (-Darwin-
anthe'lion, n. Luminous ring projected on ism)
cloud or fog bank opposite to sun. [late Gk, a'ntiap, n. Upas tree of Java poison thence ;
neut. of anthelios opposite to sun (anth- + obtained. [Jav. antjar]
helios sun)] antibi'lious, a. Of use against biliousness.
anthelmintic, a. & n. (Medicine) of use [anti- (2)]
against intestinal worms, [f. anth- + Gk hel- a'ntie, a. & n. (Archaic) grotesque, bizarre •

ming -minthos worm + -ic] grotesque posture (usu. pi.) (archaic) mounte- ;

a'nthem, n. Composition sung antiphon- bank, clown, [f. It. antico f. L antiquus ancient,
ally prose composition (usu. from Scriptures
; apparently from ascription of grotesque work
or Liturgy) set to sacred music song of praise ; to the ancients]
or gladness. [OE antefne f. Rom. *antefena a'ntiehpist, n. Enemy of Christ great ;
f. LL antifona f. Gkantiphona, seeANTiPHON, personal opponent of Christ expected by early
E development being ante'fne, ante'mne, church to appear before end of world the ;
a'ntem, a'ntheni] Pope. [f. OF ante-crist f. L anteehristiis f. Gk
a'nthep, n. (bot.). Part of stamen contain- antichristos (anti- (1) + khristos Christ)]
ing pollen ; a.-dust, pollen a.-valve, opening
; antiehpi'stian, a. Pertaining to Anti-
by which pollen is shed. Hence a'nthePAL, christ opposed to Christianity. Hence anti-
;

anthepi'FERous, a'nthepoiD, aa. [f. F an- ehpi'stianiSM n. [f. prec, with extended
there f. L anthera medicine extracted from meaning]
flowers f. Gk anthera flowery, fern. adj. f. anticipate, v.t. Use in advance ; forestall
anthos] (person or thina:) accelerate, as a, one's ruin
; ,
antho'log-y, n. Collection of small choice discuss, consider, realize, beforehand look ;

poems, esp. epigrams, (orig. Greek); literary forward to, expect, (event, that it will happen).
collection. Hence antho'logisT n. [f. L f. Hence anti'eipANT a. & n., anti'cipatiVE
For other compounds of ante- see ante-. For other compounds of anti- seo anti-.
 ; ;;

ANTICIPATION 36 ANTITHESIS
a., anti'cipativeLY 2 adv. [f. L anticipare verse composition consisting of such passages
(anti- for ante- + -cipare f. capere take) see anthem, [f. F antiphone f. med. L antiphona,
-ate 2] fern, sing., f. Gk ANTip/iema (neut. pi. of anti-
anticipation, n. Action of anticipating (in phonos) things sounding in response (phone
senses of the vb) (Med.) occurrence of pheno-
;
vocal sound)]
mena before usual time; (Mus.) introduction anti'phonal, a. & n. Sung alternately
beforehand of part of a chord about to follow, responsive ; collection of antiphons. Hence
[f. L anticipatio (as prec, see -ation)] anti'phonalLY 2 adv. [OF (antiphone, see
anti'cipatop, n. One who anticipates. prec. and -al)]
Hence anti'eipatORY a. [L (as prec, see anti'phonapy, n. Book of antiphons. [f.

-or 2)] med. L antiphonarium (as antiphone, see

antielrmax, Opposite of climax, addi-
n. -ARYl)]
tion of a particular that weakens the effect anti'phony, n. Antiphon antiphonal sing- ;

descent contrasting with previous rise. ing ; response, echo. [f. Gk antiphonos, see
[anti- (1)] antiphon and -Y !]
antieli'nal, a. (Geol.) forming ridge on anti'podes, n. pi. Place(s) diametrically
which strata lean against each other, and opposite (to each other), esp. region opposite to
from which they slope down in opposite direc- our own ; (sing, antipode, pron. -6d) exact
tions (Anat.) with upright spine towards
;
opposite (of, to). Hence anti'podAL, anti-
which spines on both sides incline, [f. anti- + pode'AN, aa. [f. L f. Gk antipodes having the
Gk Mind lean + -al] feet opposite, pi. of ANTipous adj. (pons podos
antiey'elone, n. Rotatory outward flow of foot)]
air from atmospheric area of high pressure ; a'ntipole, n. Opposite pole direct opposite. ;

whole system of pressure and outward flow. [anti- (1)]

[anti- (1)] a'ntipope, n. Pope elected in opposition to
a'ntidote, n. Medicine given to counteract one (held to be) canonically chosen, [f. F anti-
poison or disease (against, for, to). Hence pape f. med. L antipapa assim. to pope] ;

a'ntidotAL a. [f. L f. Gk antidoton neut. of antiquarian, a. & n. Connected with

ANTidoios given against] study of antiquities large size of drawing ;

antigrd'pelos, n. pi. Waterproof leggings, paper antiquary, whence antiquaP'ianiSM

;

[perh. for anthygropelos (anti- (2) + Gk liugros n., antiquap'ianizE v.i. [as foil. + -an]
wet+pelos mud)] a'ntiquapy, n. Student, collector, of anti-
anti-Ja*eobin, a. &
(One) opposed to n. quities, [f. L antiquarius (antiquus ancient,
the Jacobins (revolutionary party in France, see -ary *]

1789) or the French revolution, [anti- (2)] a'ntiquate, v.t. Make obsolete (esp. in
antilo'garithm, n. Number to which a p.p.), abolish as out of date; make antique,
logarithm belongs, as 100 is the a. of 2. [f. obs. adj. antiquate (L antiquare f. antiquus

f anti- (1)] ancient, see -ate 2]

anti'logy, n. Contradiction in terms, [f. anti'que (-ek), a. & n. Of old times exist- ;

Gk antilogia (anti- + -logia speaking)] ing since old times old-fashioned after the ; ;

antimaca'ssap, n. Covering thrown over manner of the ancients archaic relic of ; ;

chairs &c, as protection from grease or as an ancient art or of old times the a., antique ;

ornament, [anti- (2)] style. Hence anti'queNESS n. [f L antiquus, .

a'ntimasque, -mask, n. Grotesque inter- anticus, former, ancient (aide before ; cf.
lude between acts of masque, [anti- (1)] posticus), whence also antic]
antimonar'chical, a. Opposed to mon- anti'quity, n. Ancientness old times, esp. ;

archy, [anti- (2)] time before middle ages; the ancients; (pi.)
a'ntimony, Brittle metallic substance,
n. customs, events, precedents, of ancient times
bluish-white, of flaky crystalline texture, [f. (usu. pi.) ancient relics, [f. F antiquity f. L

med. L antimonium, prob. of Arab, orig.] antiquitatem (antiquus, see prec. and -TY)]
&
antino'mian, a. n. Opposed to the obliga- antipphrnum, n. Genus of plants, Snap-
toriness of moral law; pertaining to Antino- [L, f. Gk antirrhinon (anti counter-
dragon.
mians one who maintains that the
; moral law feiting + rhis rhinos nose)]
isnot binding on Christians, [f. L Antinomi, antisabbatap'ian, a. & n. (Person) op-
name of sect in Germany (1535) alleged to posed to observance of Sabbath, [anti- (3)]
hold above opinion (anti- + Gk nomos law) + antiscopbu'tic, a. & n. (Medicine) against
-AN] scurvy, [anti- (2)]
anti'nomy, Contradiction in a law, or
n. antiscpi'ptupal, a. Opposed to Scripture.
between two laws conflict of authority para-
; ; [anti- (2)]
dox, [f. L f. Gk ANTiwowia (nomos law)] antise'ptic, a. & n. (Agent) counteracting
antipathe'tie, a. Opposed in nature or dis- putrefaction (lit. and fig.). Hence antise'pt-
position (to). Hence antipathe'tiCAL a., ically adv. [f. anti- (3) + Gk septikos putrefy-
antipathe*tiealLY 2 adv. [f. Gk ANTipat/ieo ing (septos adj. f. sepo rot, see -ic)]
<asantipathy), see -ETIC] antiso'cial, a. Opposed to principles on
antipa'thie, a. Of contrary character (to) which society is based, [anti- (2)j ;

<Med.) having, producing, contrary symptoms, anti'stpophe, n. (Lines recited during) re-
{f. F antipathique f. antipathie (as foil.)] turning movement from left to right in Greek
anti'pathy, n. Constitutional or settled choruses inverse relation. [L f. Gk,=turning ;

aversion (against, to, between persons), [f. L about (ANTistrepho turn against)]
f. Gk antipatheia f. AXTipathes opposed in antistPO'phic, a. Pertaining to antistro-
feeling (pathos -eos)] phes. [f. Gk antistrophikos (as prec, see -ic)]
antiphlogistic, a. & n. (Medicine, paste, antithe'ist, n. One opposed to belief in ex-
&c) reducing inflammation. So antiphlo- istence of a God. Hence antithei'stic a.,
gi'stiNE 4n. [anti- (2)] antithe'iSM n. [anti- (3)]
a'ntiphon, n. Versicle, sentence, sung by anti'thesis, n. (pi. -theses). Contrast of ideas
one choir in response to another; prose or expressed by parallelism of strongly contrasted
For other compounds of anti- see anti-.
 j ;;; ;

ANTITHETIC 37 APHONIA
words ;- opposition, contrast, (of, between, two apa'ce, adv. Swiftly, quicklv. [a prep*-r-
things) direct opposite (of, to).
; [L f. Gk (vbl pace]
n. AXTitithemi set against)]
f. a-panage, app-, n. Provision for main
antithetic, a. Of the nature of antithesis tenance of younger children of kings, &c,
contrasted consisting of two opposites. Hence
; (orig. province or lucrative office) perquisite ;

an tit he* tie at. a., antithetical v 2 adv. [f. 1 (of territory) dependency natural accompani- ;
;

Gk antithetikos (as prec, see -ic)] ment or attribute. [F, f. apaner endow with
a'nti -trade, a. & n. A. (wind), one that means of subsistence f. med. hAvpanare (pan is
blows in opposite direction to trade wind. bread), see -age]
[anti- (2)] _ apart, adv. Aside, separatelv, indepem
antitrinitar'ian, a. & n. (One) opposed to dently, (from); set a., [devote, reserve, (for);
doctrine of the Trinity. Hence antitpini- jesting a. (laid aside), [f. F « part (a to, part
tar'ianiSM n. [anti- (3)] side)]
a'ntitype, n. That which a type or apar'tment, n. Single room of a house
symbol represents. Hence antity'piCAL a. (pi.) set of rooms, [f. F appartement f. med. L
[f. Gk ASTitupos responding as an impression appartimentum (APpai'tire apportion, sec
to the die (tupos stamp f. st. tup- strike)] -MENT)]
a'ntlep, n. Branched horn, branch of a horn, apathe'tie, a. Insensible to emotion? in-
of stag or other deer. Hence antlePED a. different. Hence apathe'tie ally adv. [f.
2
[f. OF antoillier f. LL antocularem (ramum) foil., after pathetic]
(branch) in front of the eyes (ante- + oculus a'pathy, n. Insensibility to suffering ; pas-
eye) ; orig. = lowest branch sionless existence indolence of mind. ; [f. F
antonoma'sia, n. Substitution of epithet apathie f. L f. Gk apatheia f. apathes without
&c. for proper name (e. g. the Iron Duke) ; use feeling (a- wot+pathos -eos suffering]
of proper name to express general idea (e. g. ape^n. Tailless monkey (gorilla, chimpanzee,
a Solomon). [L f. Gk, f. Axronomazd name orang-outan, gibbons) ; imitator, mimic play ;

instead (onoma name)] the a., mimic; Sea A., fish (Sea Fox). [OE
a'nus, n. Posterior opening of alimentary apa masc. ape fern. (Du. aap, affo, OHG
canal in animals. [L] MHGaffe)]
a'nvil, n. Block (usu. iron) on which smith ape 2 , v.t. Imitate, mimic, [f. prec.)
works metal (Physiol.) a bone of the ear. [OE
; apea'k, adv. & pred. a. (naut). Vertical,
onfilti, etym. dub.] as oars a. [f. F a pic (a to, at, pic, summit, so;.
anxi'ety (angz-), n. Uneasiness, concern ; peak)]
solicitous desire (for a thing, to do), [f. L ape'psy, n. Lack of digestive power, [f.
anxietas -atis (as foil., see -tv)] Gk apepsia (a- not+pepto digest)]
a'nxious (-ksh?<s), a. Troubled, uneasy aper^u (F), n. Summary exposition, con-
(about) earnestly desirous (for a thing, to do)
; spectus. [F, p.p. of apercevoir perceive]
causing anxiety, as an a. biisiness. Hence ape'rient, a. & n. Laxative (medicine), [f.
a'nxiousLY 2 adv. [f. L anxius (angere choke) L aperire open, see -ext]
-f- -ous] apeTitive, a. & n. = prec. [f. F aperitif f.
a'ny (e-),a, &pron. (With interrog.) one, some, med. L aperitivus variant of apertivus (as
(no matter which), as have you wool
prec, see -ive)]
a. ? hare
you a. of them? was a. Frenchman there?; a'pertupe (-tsher), n. Opening, gap space ;

(after negative expr. or implied) cannot see a. through which light passes in optical instru-
difference, to prevent a. loss, cannot find a. of ments, [f. L apertura (as prec, see -ure)]
them; (in affirmative sent.) whichever (of all) a'pepy, n. Mimicry apish performance. ;

is chosen, every, as a. chemist will tell you. at [ape n. + -ry]

a. rate; a. one (adj.), whatever individual is ape'talous, a. Without petals, [f. Gk ape-
chosen; a. one (pron.), any person, anybody. talos leafless (a- r\ot-\-petalon leaf) -f -ous]
[OE xnig (cogn. w. OHG einic, mod. G einia, a*pex, n. (pi. -ices, -exes). Tip, top, peak;
Du. eenig) f. an one + -ig adj. ending (see -Y ), vertex (of triangle, cone). [L, = small rod at
<L

here perh. dim.] top of flamen's cap, peak, tip, perh. f. op- fit to.
a'nybody, n. or pron. Any person if you cf. vertex f. vertere] ;

wish te be a. (of any importance) two or three apha'sia, n. Loss of speech, as result of cere-
;

anybodies (ordinary people). bral affection. Hence apha'sic (-z-), a. & n.

a'nyhow, adv. & conj. In any way what- [Gk,f. aphatos speechless (a- not+pha- speak]
ever; in any case, at any rate; at haphazard, aphe'lion, n. Point farthest from sun (of
as does his work a., things are all a. planet's or comet's orbit). [Graecized f. mod.
a'nything-, pron. & n. Whatever thing L aphelium L Gk aph' heliou from the sun]
a thing, no matter which a thing of any ; apheliotPO'pie, a. (bot.). Turning from the
kind. sun. Hence apheliotpcpiCALLY adv., a-
a'nyway, adv. & conj. = anyhow. phelio'tPopiSM n. [f. Gk as prec. -{-tropikos
a'nywhere, adv. In any place. turning (trepo)]
a'nywise, adv. In any wise. a'phesis, n. Gradual loss of unaccented
a'orist, a. & n. (Gram.) indefinite, implying vowel at beginning of word, as in (e)squire.
no limitation (Gk Gram.) a. (tense), one de-
; [Gk, = letting go,f. aphiemi (apo away-f/ue??*i
noting simply occurrence (in indicative, past send)]
occurrence), without limitations as to con- aphe'tie, a. Pertaining to aphesis. Hence
tinuance &c. So aori'stic a. [f. Gk aoristos a'phetiZE v.t. [f. Gk
aphetos vbl adj. (as
unlimited (a- not+horizo limit f. horos)] prec.) + -ic]
aop'ta, n. Great artery or trunk of the a'phis, n. (pi. a'phides).minute Plant-lice,
arterial system, issuing from left ventricle of insects, the food of ladybirds, and tended by
heart. Hence aop'tic a. [f. med. L f. Gk ants for the honey-dew they yield. Hence
aorte that which is hung (aeiro lift)] aphi'diAN a. [?]
a outrance (F), phr. To the death. aphonia, n. Total loss of voice. [Gk, f.
ap- = ad- before p. aphonos voiceless (a- not+ph&ne voice)]

For other compounds of anti- see anti-.

 ;

APHORISM 38 APOTHECARY
a'phopism, n. Short pithy maxim ; defini- tory ; (n., usu. pi.) argumentative defence,
tion. Hence or cogn. aphopi'smic, apho- esp. of Christianity. Hence apologpe'ticAT,
ri'stie [-ist], aa., aphori'stiCALLY adv. [f. a., apologre'tiealLY.2 adv. [f. F apologetique
Gk aphorizo (apo- + horizo f. horos boundary), f. L f. Gk apologetikos (apologeomai speak in
see -ism] defence, see apology and -ic)]
aphrodi'siac Venereal;
(-diz-), a. & n. apo'logrist, n. One who defends (esp.
(drug) producing venereal desire, [f. Gk aphro- Christianity) by argument, [f. F apologiste f.
disiakos f. aphrodisios (Aphrodite Venus), Gk apologia, see apology and -ist]
see -ac] apo'logize, v.i. Make an apology (for).
aphyllous, a. (hot.). Naturally leafless, [f. apology + -ize]

[f. Gkjzphullos (a- not+phtdlon leaf) + -ous] a'polog-ue(-og), n Moral fable. [F, f. Lf. Gk
.

apiar'ian, a. Pertaining to bee-keeping, apologos fable (apo of£+logos speech)]

[as foil. + -ax] apo'logy, n. Regretful acknowledgment
a'piapy, n. Place where bees are kept. of offence assurance that no offence was in-
;

Hence a'piapiST n. [f. L apiarium (apis tended explanation, vindication, [f. L f. Gk

;

bee, see -arv 1

)] apologia defence (apo away + -logia speak-
a'pical, a. Belonging to an apex placed at ; ing)]
the tip. Hence a'piealLY 2 adv. [f. L apex a*pophtheg*m (em), n. Terse saying;
-icis + -al] pithy maxim. Hence apophthegma'tic
a'pieulture, n. Bee-keeping, [f. L apis (-eg-) a., apophthegma'tiCALLY adv. [f. Gk
bee+cuLTURE] apophthegma -matos (APOphtheggomai speak
apie'ee, adv. Severally, each, as fiife pounds out)]
a. [orig. a piece] apople'ctic, a. Pertaining to, causing,
a'pish, a. Of the nature, appearance, of an apoplexy suffering from, tending
; to, apoplexy.
ape ape-like in manner, silly. Hence a'pish-
; Hence apople'ctiCALLY, adv. [f. L f. Gk
ly 2 adv., a'pishxESS n. [f. ape n. + -ish] apoplektikos (APOplesso strike completely, see
aplomb (F), n. Perpendicularity; self- -ic)]
possession. [F, = a plomb according to plum- a'poplexy, n. Malady arresting powers of
met] sense and motion, usu. caused by effusion of
apnoe'a (-nea), n. Suspension of breathing, blood or serum in brain, [f. F apoplexie f. 1*
[mod. L, f. Gk apnoia f. apnoos breathless (a- f. Gk apoplexia (as prec.)]
not + pnoe breath)] aposiope'sis, n. (rhet.). Sudden breaking-off
apo-, pref. (before unaspirated vowel ap-, in speech. [L, f. Gk f. APO(.s£op<zo keep silent)]
before aspirate aph-), = Gk apo prep, off, from, apo'stasy, n. Abandonment of religious
away, un-, quite in compds f. Gk, and in ; faith,vows, principles, or party, [f. L f. Gk
mod. scientific(not on wds Gk anal.) with apostasia (xvosta- withdraw)]
sense 'detached, separate". apo'state (-at), n. & a. (One) guilty of apos-
apo'calypse, n. Revelation, esp. that made tasy.So aposta'tiCAL a. [F, f. L \-ta) f. Gk
to St in island of Patmos; book recording
John apostates (APOsta- withdraw)]
this. So apo'caly *ptic( al) aa. , apo'caly *p- apo'statize, v.i. Become an apostate {froyn
tiealLY 2 adv. [f. L f. Gk apokalupsis (apo- one to another), [f. LL apostatizare (as apo-
kalupto uncover)] state, see -ize)]
apo'cope, n. Cutting off of last letter or a poster/or*/, adv. & adj. phr. (Reasoning)
syllable of word. [Gk (APOkopto cut off)] from effects to causes inductive. [L, = from ;

apo'epypha, n. Books of Old Testament what comes after]

included in Septuagint and Vulgate, but not apd'stil, n. Marginal note. [f. F apostille,
originally written in Hebrew, nor counted etym. dub.]
genuine by Jews, and excluded from Canon at apo'stle (-si), n. Messenger, esp. any of the
Reformation. [LL apocrypha (scripta) hidden twelve whom Christ sent forth to preach
writings f. Gk apokruphos (APOkrupto hide Gospel; first successful Christian missionary
away) treated in E as sing., with pi. -as]
; in a country, as a. of Germany leader of re- ;

apo'epyphal.a. Of the apocrypha of doubt- form, as a. of temperance a. spoons (with

; ;

ful authenticity sham, false, [as prec. + -al] figures of aa. on handles). Hence apo'stle-
;

a'pod, n. Bird, reptile, fish, without (or ship n. [f. OF apostle, apostre (mod. apotre)i.
with undeveloped) feet or ventral fins. Hence L f. Gk apostolos (xpostello send away) OE ;

a'podAL a. [f. Gk apou-s footless (a- not+ had apostol]

pous podos foot)] apo'stolate, n. Apostleship leadership in
;

apodi'ctic, -dei'etie (-di-), a. Of clear a propaganda, [f. L apostolatus (as prec, see
demonstration clearly established.
; Hence -ATE 1 )]
apodi'ctiCALLY adv. [f. L f. Gk apodeiktikos aposto'lic, a. Pertaining to the Apostles
(APOdeiknumi show, see -ic)] of the character of an apostle of the Pope, ;

apd'dosis, n. Concluding clause of sen- papal, as A. See, succession. Hence apos-

tence (cf. protasis) ; consequent clause of to'lieAL a., aposto'licalLY adv. [f. F 2
conditional sentence, wherever placed. [L f. apostolique t. L f. Gk apostolikos (as apostle,
Gk (APOdidomi give back)] see -ic)]
a'pogee (-j-), n. Point (in orbit of moon or apo'stpophe 1 (-fi), n. (rhet.). Exclamatory
any planet) farthest from earth greatest ; address, in course of public speech or in poem, to
distance of sun from earth when latter is in particular person (often dead or absent). Hence
apostpo'phic a., apo'stPophizE v.t. & i.
aphelion ; (fig.) most distant spot, highest point.
Hence apogre'AN a. [f. F apogee f. L f. Gk [L f. Gk, lit. turning away (as foil.)]
APOgaion (neut. adj.) away from earth (gaia, apo'stpophe 2 (-fi), n. Sign of omission of
ge, earth)] letter, or of possessive case, (e. g. can't, boy's.)
apolau'stic, a. Self-indulgent, [f. Gk apo- Hence apostpo'phic a. [confused w. prec,
laustikos (APOlaud enjoy, see -ic)] but prop, three syllables (-strof) F, f. L f. Gk ;

Apo'llyon, Deril. [f. Gk apolludn

n. The (he) apostrophos (prosodia) (the accent) of
part, of apolluo (apo- + olluo destroy)] elision (APOstrepho turn away)]
apologetic, a. & n. Regretfully acknow- apo'thecapy, n. (archaic). Druggist, phar-
ledging, excusing, fault or failure ; vindica- maceutical chemist, as Apothecaries' Company.
 ; ;);
;
:

APOTHEOSIS 39 APPLY
[f. OF apotecaire f. LL apothecarius f. apotheca appe'nd, v.t. Hang on, annex; add in
f.Gkapo£ftefce storehouse (APOta'Mewu lay away), writing, [f. L APpendere]
see -ary 1
] appendage, n. Thing attached addition
apotheo'sis, n. Deification flit. & fig.) accompaniment, [prec + -age]
; ;

canonization deified ideal (loosely) release

; ; appendant, a. & n. (Possession, thing,
from earthly life. Hence apo'theosiZE v.t. person) attached in subordinate capacity (to
[L f. Gk (APOtheoo make a god of, f. theos god, another). [F, part, of appendre f. L appendere
see -osis)] (for -ere) hang to (intr.)]
appa'l (-awl), v.t. (-11-). Dismay, terrify. appe-ndix, n. (pi. -ices, -ixes). Subsidiary
Hence appa*lling"LY 2 adv. [peril, f. OF apalir addition (to book or document) small process ;

make pale but cf. pall v.] ; developed from surface of any organ, esp.
appanage. See apanage. vermiform a. (of the intestine), whence ap-
apparatus, n. (pi. -uses). Mechanical pendicitis n. [L appendix -icis (APpendere
requisites for scientific or other work organs hang to, trans.)] ;

by which natural processes are carried on apperce-ption, n. Mind's perception of it- ;

critical a., a. criticus, materials for critical self ; mental perception, [f. F aperception (LL
study of document. [L (APvarare make ready APpercipere -cept- perceive, see -ion)]
for, see -ate 1 )] appertain, v.i. Belong as possession or
appa'rel *, v.t. (-11-). Attire, aress. [f. OF right to ; be appropriate to ; relate to. [f. OF
apareiller f. Rom. * xnpariculare make fit apartenir f. LL AP(pertinere pertain)]
(pariculus dim. oipar equal)] a'ppetenee, -ey, n. Longing after, desire,
appa'rel 2 , Ornamental embroidery on
n. (of, for, after); affinity (for), [f. F appetence
ecclesiastical vestments (archaic) clothing,
; f. L appetentia (APpetere seek after, see -ence,
dress, [f. OF aparail f. apareiller, see prec] -encv]
appa'rent {or -ar-), a. Manifest, palpable a'ppetent, a. Eagerly desirous (after, of).
seeming heir a. (whose right cannot be super-
; L
appetere, see prec. and -ent]
[f.
seded by birth of nearer heir, cf presumptive). . a'ppetite,n. Desire, inclination, (for) de- ;

Hence appa'pentLY 2 adv. [f. OF aparant sire to satisfy natural necessities, esp. hunger ;
f. L as appear, see -ent] relish. So appe'titiVE a. [f. OF apetit f. L
apparrtion, n. Appearance, esp. of a super- appetitus (as prec, see -ite 2 )]
natural being; ghost. [F, f. L apparitionem a'ppetize, v.t. (Of things) give appetite
(as appear, see -ion)] (only in part, -izing). Hence a'ppetizER 1 n.
appa'pitop, n. Public servant of Roman [f. F appitissant part, as if f. L appetitiare (as
magistrate ; officer of civil or ecclesiastical prec), assim. to vbs in -ize]
court ;'
herald, usher. [L (as prec, see -or 2 )] applau'd, v.t. & i. (Intr.) express approval
appea'l 1 , v.i. Call to (higher tribunal) for loudly, as by clapping hands (trans.) express ;

deliverance from decision of lower (also abs.) approval of, praise, [f. L APplaudere -plaus-
a. to the country (i. e. from parliament), dissolve clap hands]
parliament call to (witness) for corroboration
; ; applau'se (-z), n. Approbation loudly ex-
call attention to (evidence) make earnest re- ; pressed marked approval. Hence applau's-
;

quest (to person, for thing or to do) pictures a. ; ive (-s-) a., applau'siveLY 2 adv. [f. L applau-
(address themselves) to the eye, do not a. (prove sus -us (as prec)]
attractive) to me. [f. OF apeler f. L APpellare a'pple, n. Round firm fleshy fruit of a rosa-
address] ceous tree; (Bot.) any inferior fleshy many-celled
appea'l 2, n. Act of appealing; right of fruit; A. of discord, golden a. contended for by
appealing; Court of A. (hearing cases pre- Juno, Minerva, and Venus A. of Sodom, Dead ;

viously tried in inferior courts), [f. OF apel sea a., fruit dissolving into ashes a. of the eye, ;

(as prec.)] the pupil, any cherished object a.-brandy, ;

appea'lable, That can be appealed a. spirit distilled from cider a.-butter, sauce of ;

against that can be appealed to. [appeal v.

; apples stewed in cider; a.-cheese, compressed
+ -able] a.-pomice a.-pow«ce,pulpremainingafter juice
;

appeap*, present
v.i. Become, be, visible ; is expressed ;a.-jack, Amer. name fora. -brandy
oneself formally, publicly; be published; be a.-john, kind of a. said to keep two years and
manifest seem. [f. aper- st. of OF apareir f.
; to be best when withered a.-pie bed, one with ;

L APparere
-rit- come in sight] sheets so folded that one's legs cannot get
appear'ance, n. Act of appearing (in vbl down ; a. -pie order,
perfect order. [com.-Teut.
senses) ; look, aspect semblance ; ; to all a. (so OE xppel, OHG
aphul, mod. G apfel]
far as can be seen) ; save, keep up, aa. (outward appli'ance, n. Applying thing applied as ;

semblance) apparition, phantom, [f. OF apar-

; means to an end. [f. apply + -ance]
ance f. L apparentia (as prec, see -ence)] a'pplicable, a. Capable of being applied
appea'se (-z), v.t. Pacify, quiet, (strife, having reference, appropriate, (to). Hence
anger, person) soothe ; satisfy (appetite, pre-; applieaBi'LiTY n. [f. L as apply, see -able]
judice). So appea'SABLE a., appea'seMENT a'pplicant, n. One who applies (for), [as
n. [f OF apeser, apaisier {a to + pais peace f.
. prec, see -ant]
L pacem, nom. pax)] application, n. Putting of one thing to
appellant, Appealing (Law) con- a. & n. ; another employmentof means (application of
; ;

cerned with appeals; (n.) one who appeals to plaster, liniment, &c bringing (of a general ;

higher court. [F (as appeal *, see -ant)] rule &c.) to bear upon particular case; rele-
appellate (-at), a. Taking cognizance of vancy diligence making of a request re-
; ; ;

appeals, as a. jurisdiction, [f. L as foil., see quest made. [F, f. L applicationem (as foil., see
-ate 2
] -ATION)]
appellation, n. Name, title; nomencla- apply, i. &
Put close (to) administer
v.t, ;

ture. [F, see -ation]

f. L as appeal 1
, (remedy &c
to; lit. and fig.); devote (to) ;
appellative, a. & n. (Of words) designat- make use of use as relative or suitable (to)
;

ing a class, common (as opp. to proper) com- ; set oneself closely (to task, to do) ; have refer-
mon noun, applicable to any member of a ence (to) ; attend closely (to) ; address oneself
class; appellation. Hence appe'llativeLY 2 (for help &c to), [f. OF aplier f. L APplicare
adv. [f. L as appeal 1 see -ative] , fold, fasten to]
 ;;;; ;;

APPOGGIATURA 40 APSE
appoggiatu'ra Hence approachaBi'LiTF n., approach -
(-ojatoo-), n. (mus.). Grace-
note prefixed to an essential note. able a. [f. OF aprochier f. LL ADpropiarc [It]
appoi'nt, v.t. Fix (time, place, for purpose) draw near [propius compar. of prope near)]
prescribe (thing, that) (Law) declare the desti- approach 2, n. Act of approaching; ap-
;

nation of (property, also abs.) nominate, as proximation; access, passage, (lit. and fig.); ;

a. him governor, to govern, to be governor, a. (Mil.) entrenchments enabling besiegers to

him. Hence appointEE" n. [f. OF apointer approach. If. prec]
(a point to the point)] a'pprobate, v.t. (U.S.). Approve formally,
appointment, n. Appointing engagement, ; sanction, [f. L AP(probare test l.probus good)
assignation decree, Ordinance office assigned ;
; ; see -ate 3]
(usu. pi.) outfit; keep, break, an a., appear, approbation, n. Sanction approval. So ;

fail to appear, at fixed place and time. [f. OF a'pprobatORY a. [F, f. L approbationem (as
apointement (as prec, see -ment)] prec, see -ation)]
apportion, v.t. Assign as due share (to) ; appropriate x
(-at), a. Belonging, peculiar,
portion out. Hence appor'tion.MENT n. [f. OF (to)suitable, proper, (to, for). Hence appro*-
;

apportionner (d to +portionner f. portion)] priateLY adv., appro'priateNESS n. [f. L

2

a'pposite (-z-), a. Well put appropriate (to). ; APpropriare (_prop?'ius own), see -ate 2]
Hence a'ppositeLV 2 adv., a'ppositexEss n. appropriate 2 , v.t. Take possession of;
[f. L
AP(ponere posit- put)] take to oneself; devote to special purposes.
apposi'tion, n. Application (of seal) plac- ;
Hence or cogn. appropriATiON, appro*-
ing side by side (Gram.) placing of word in ;
priatOR 2 nn., appro'priativE a. [f. prec,
,

see -ate 3
syntactic parallelism with another, esp. addi- ]
tion of one noun to another. Hence apposi*- appro'val (-00-), n. Approbation sanction, ;

tionAL a. [f. L appositio (as + -al (2) rare before

prec, see -ion)] [f. foil. ; 1800, -a?ice being
apprai'se (-z), v.t. (Esp. of official valuer) used instead]
fix price for estimate. Hence apprai'SAL, appro've (-oov), v.t. & i. Give evidence of
appnai'seMENT, nn., apprai'SABLE a. [f. (quality); (refl.) show oneself to be; confirm,
praise v. (formerly used in the same sense), sanction commend a. of, pronounce, con-
; ;

perh. on anal, of apprize] sider, good. [f. OF aprover f. L as approbate]

appreciable (-sha-), a. Capable of being appro'ver, n. One who approves one who ;

estimatedperceptible, sensible.
;
Hence ap- turns King's evidence, [f. prec. + -er l
]
pre'eiabLY adv. [as foil., see -ble]
2 approximate (-at), a. Very near closely l
;

appreciate (-shi-), v.t. & Estimate resembling fairly correct. Hence appro'xi- i. ;

worth, quality, amount, of estimate aright mateLY 2 adv. L APproximare (p?*oximus

; [f.

be sensitive to esteem highly raise in value

; very near), see -ate 2 ; ; ]
rise in value. Hence appre'eiativE, ap- approximate 2 v.t. & L Bring, come, ,
ppe'eiatORY (sha), aa., appreciative ly 2 near (to thing, esp. in quality, number, &c).
adv. [f. L APpretiare appraise (pretium price), Hence approximA'TiON n., appro'xima-
see -ate 3] tiVEa., appro*ximativeLY 2 adv. [f. prec,
appreciation (-si-), n. Estimation, judg- see -ate 3]
ment perception adequate recognition rise
; ; ; appui* (-we), n. (Mil.) defensive support;
in value critique, [f. F appreciation f. appre-
; point of a. (F point d'a.), fixed object on which
cier (as prec, see -ation)] troops commence formation into line. [F, f.
apprehe'nd, v.t. Seize, arrest; perceivr e appuyer f. LL APpodiare (podium support f.
(by senses or intellect) understand fear (thing, ; ; Gk podion base f. pous podos foot)]
that), [f. F apprihender f. L ap( prehendere appur'tenance, n. Belonging; appen-
-hens- lay hold of), whence also F apprendre dage accessory,
; [f. AF apurtenance (OF aper-,
learn] apar-) f. LL appertinentia (as appertain, see
apprehensible, a. Capable of being -ANCE)]
grasped (by senses or intellect). Hence ap- appur'tenant, a. & n. (Thing) belonging,
prehensiBi'LiTV n. [f. L apprehensibilis (as appertaining, pertinent, (to), [f. OF apartenant
prec, see -ble] part, as appertain]
apprehension, n. Seizure, arrest ; grasp- a'pricot, n. Orange - coloured stone-fruit
ing (of ideas), conception understanding ; allied to plum, [(also earlier apricock) f. Sp.
dread, [f. L apprehensio (as prec, see -ion)] albar(i)coque f. Arab, al the + biirqug f. Gk
apprehe'nsive, a. Pertaining to sensuous praikokion prob. f. L praecoquum variant
or mental perception ; perceptive (of) intelli- ; of praecox early-ripe ; -cot by assim. to F
gent; uneasy, fearful, (of thing, that it may abricot]
happen, for person, for his safety). Hence A'pril (a-), n. Fourth month of year ; A.-fool,
apprehensiveLY 2 adv., apprehe'nsive- one sportively imposed upon on A.-fool-day
ness n. [f. med. L apprehensivus (as prec, (April 1). [f. OF avrill f. L aprills]
see -ive)] a prior*!, adv. a. (Reasoning) from cause &
apprentice *, n. Learner of a craft, bound to effect ; deductively ; (loosely) presumptively,
to serve, and entitled to instruction from, his as far as one knows. Hence a-pri6*riTY n.
employer for specified termtiro. Hence ap- ; [L,=from what is before]
pre'ntieesHiP n. [f. OF apprentis f. ap- a*pron, n. Garment worn in front of body
prendre (see apprehend), suggested by words to protect clothes; official dress, as bishop's,
in -tis, -tif, f. L -tivus (see -ive)] dean's, freemason's, a. ; leather covering for
apprentice 2 v.t. Bind as apprentice, , [f. legs in open carriage ; skin covering stuffing of
prec] roast goose or duck ; tied to a.-strings of (wife,
appri'se (-z), v.t. Inform; (pass.) be aware mother, &c), unduly controlled by. Hence
of. [f. F appris -ise p.p. of apprendre learn, a'pronED 2 a., a'pronFUL n. [f. OF naperon
apprehend)]
teach, (see dim. of nape table-cloth f. L mappa napkin
appri'ze, v.t. (archaic). Appraise appreci- ; for loss of n- (an apron = a napron) cf. adder]
ate, OF aprisier (d to + prisier praise)]
[f. apropos* (-po), adv., a., n. To the purpose
approach v.t. & Come near(er)
1
, i. in respect of; appropriate(ness). [F, d to +
approximate in character &c to come near ; propos purpose]
to ; approximate to ;
(Mil.) make approaches to. apse, n. Semi-circular or polygonal recess,
 ;

APSIDAL 41 ARBOREAL
arched or dome-roofed, esp. in church, [f. A'rab, n. & a. Native of Arabia Arab ;

apsis] horse ; street a., homeless child (adj.) Arabian, ;

a'psidal, a. Of the form of an apse ; of the [f. FArabe f. L Arabem (nom. -bs) f. Gk Araps
apsides, [f. foil. + -al] -abos]
a'psis, Aphelion,
n. (pi. a'psides, apsl'des). arabe'sque, a. & n. Arabian ; fantastic ;
perihelion, of planet apogee, perigee, of moon ; ; decoration in colour or low relief, with fanciful
line of act., straight line joining these. [L, f. intertwining of leaves, scroll-work, &c [F, =
Gk (h)apsis -idos fastening, felloe of wheel, Arabian, see -esque]
vault, (hapto join)] Ara'bian, a. & n. Of Arabia; A. nights,
apt, a. Suitable, appropriate having a ten- ; collection of fabulous stories A. bird, phoenix,
;

dency to (do) quick-witted (at). Hence a'pt-

; [f. Arabia + -ax]
ly adv., a'ptxESS n.
2 [f. L aptus fitted p.p. A'rabie, a. & n. Arabian gum A. (exuded ;

of *apere fasten] by some kinds of acacia) A. numerals, 1, 2, 3, ;

a'pterous, a. Wingless; (Bot.) having no &c. (n.) language of the Arabs, [f. OF Arabic ;

membranous expansions, [f. Gk apteros (a- f. L Arabicus (Arabs arab, see -ic)]
not + pteron wing) + -ous] A*rabist,n. Student of Arabic. [arab + -ist]
a'pteryx, n. New-Zealand bird, size of a'rable, a. & n. (Land) fit for tillage, [f. L
goose, with rudimentary wings and no tail, arabilis (arare plough, see -ble)]
[f. Gk + pterux wing]
a- not ara'chnid (-k-), n. (zool.). Member of the
a'ptitude, n. Fitness; natural propensity Arachnida, class comprising spiders, scorpions,
(for) ability. [F,
; L aptitudinem (as apt, and mites, [f. Gk arakhne spider + -id 3
f.
]
see -tude)] ara'chnoid, a. & n. (Bot.) covered with
a'qua, (chem.). Liquid, solution, as a.
n. long cobweb-like hairs; (n.) serous membrane
fortis, nitric acid, a. regia, mixture of nitric lining the dura mater, and enveloping brain
and hydrochloric acids, able to dissolve gold and and spinal cord. [f. Gk arakhnoeides (arakhne
platinum. [L, = water] cobweb, see -oid)]
aquamari'ne (-en), n. Bluish-green beryl Arama'ic (a-), a. & n. (Language) of Aram
bluish green (also as adj.). [f. L aqua marina or Syria; northern branch of Semitic family
sea-water] of languages, including Syriac and Chaldee.
aquarelle, (-rel), n. Kind of painting with [f. L f. Gk Aramaios of Aram + -ic]
Chinese ink and thin water colours. [F, f. It. Arane'idan, a. & n. (Member) of the
acquerella water-colour dim. of acqua f. L Araneida or spiders, [f. L aranea spider, see
aqua water] -ID 3
]
aquar'ium, n. (pi. -turns, -ia) Artificial pond Araucar'ia, n. Genus of trees including
or tank for the keeping of live aquatic plants monkey-puzzle. [Arauco, name of province]
and animals place of public entertainment
; ar'balest, ar'blast, n. Crossbow, [f. OF
containing such tanks. [L (aqua water, see arbalestei. Larcuballista (arcus bow+ballista
-ARIUMj] military engine)]
Aquarius, n. Zodiacal constellation ar'biter, n. Judge ; one appointed by two
eleventh sign of Zodiac, which sun enters on parties to settle dispute, umpire ; one who has
Jan. 21. [L, = water-carrier (as prec, see -ary j ] entire control (of). [L, perh. f. ar- = ad to +
aqua'tie, a. & n. (Plant, animal) growing, bitere go, one who goes to see]
living, in or near water (of sports) conducted ; ar'bitrag-e (-ij ), n. Traffic in bills of exchange
in or upon water, [f. F aquatique f. L aquati- or stocks to take advantage of different prices
cus (aqua water, see -atic)] in other markets. [F, f. arbitrer as arbitrate,
a'quatint, n. Method of engraving on see -age]
copper by use of a resinous solution and nitric- ar'bitral, a. Pertaining to arbitration. [F,
acid, [f. F aqua-tinte, It. acqua tinta, f. L f. LL arbitralis, see arbiter and -al]
aqua tincta dyed water (tingere dye)] arbitrament, -ement, n. Deciding of
aqua-vl'tae, n. Ardent spirits, esp. of the dispute by arbiter authoritative decision, [f. ;

first distillation. [L,= water of life] OF arbitrement (arbitrer, see arbitrage and
a'queduct, n. Artificial channel, esp. ele- -MEXT)]
vated structure of masonry, for conveyance of ar'bitrary, a. Derived from mere opinion ;
water; conduit; (Physiol.) small canal, esp. in capricious; tinrestrained despotic (Law) dis- ; ;
head of mammals, [f. L aquae ductus convey- cretionary. Hence ar'bitrariLY 2 adv., ar*-
ance of water (ducere duct- lead)] bitrarixESS n. [f. L arbitrarius, see arbiter
a'queous, a. Of water, watery (Geol.) pro- ; and -ary j
]
duced by water, as a. rocks, [as f a L aqueus . arbitrate, v.t. & i. Decide by arbitration,
(aqua water) + -ous] [f. L
arbitrari judge, see arbiter and -ate 3 ]
a'quiline, a. Of an eagle eagle-like, as a. ; arbitration, n. Settlement of a dispute
nose (hooked), [f. L aquilinus (aquila eagle, by an arbiter a. of exchange, determination
;

see -ixe 1 )] of rate of indirect exchange between two

aquo'sity, n. "Wateriness. [f. med. L aquo- currencies. [OF, f. L arbitrationem (as prec,
sitas f. aquosus (aqua water), see ose and -tv] see -atiox)]
ar-, pref = ad- before r.. arbitrator, n. (Now the legal term for)
-ar 1 suf. (1) f. L -aris (varying with -alis arbiter. Hence ar'bitratorsHip n. [f.
, OF
-al), adj. suf. taken direct or thr. F, or imitated arbitratour by-form of arbitrour f. L arbitra-
with L nouns. OF had -er, new F wds have torem (as arbitrate, see -or 2 )]
-aire ; E corrects -er (scholar), but sometimes ar'bitress, n. Female arbiter, mediatress ;
uses -ary 2 instead of -ar for -aire (military). absolute mistress, [f. OF arbitresse few., of
<2) noun suf., f. L -are, -ar, neut. of above arbitre f. L arbiter, see -ess 1 ]
(altar, exemplar). ar'bor, n. Main support of machine axle ;

-ar 2 , Occas. (for regular -er 2 -ary 1 f.

suf. , ) or spindle on which wheel revolves, [f. F
L -arius, -arium, in nouns thr. OF -ier (bursar) arbre tree, axis, f. L arbor refash. on L] ;

or F -aire (vicar). arbora'ceous, a. Tree-like ; wooded, [f.

-ar 3
, suf. Variant for regular -er -or in J
,
2, L arbor tree,
see -aceous]
nouns (beggar, liar), perh. on anal, of scholar arbor'eal, a. Of, living in, connected with,
<-ar*). trees, [f. L arboreus (as prec, see -al]
2"
 ;;-

ARBOREOUS 42 ARCHITECTONIC
arbop'eous, a. Wooded ; arboreal ; arbor- language) no longer in common use, though re-
escent, [as prec, see -ous] tained for special purposes. Hence areha'ic-
apbore'seent, a. Tree-like in growth or ally adv. [f. Gk arkhaikos (as prec, sec -ic)]
general appearance ; (Arch.) branching out. ar'chaism, n. Retention, imitation, of
Hence arbore'seENCE n., arbore'seentLY- what is old or obsolete (esp. in language and
adv. [f. L arborescere grow into a tree (arbor), art) archaic word or expression. Hence ;

see -ent] ap'chaisx n., apchai'stic a. [f. Gk arkh-

ar'borieulture, n. Cultivation of trees aismos (arkhaizo, see foil, and -ism)]
and shrubs. Hence arborievrlturAL a., ap'chaize, v.t. & i. Imitate, affect, the
arborieirltuPisT n. [f. L arbor -oris tree archaic; (trans.) render archaistic [f. Gk

+ culture] arkhaizo copy the ancients (arkhaios ancient,

arbopiza'tion, n. Tree-like appearance see -ize)]
(Min., Chem.) in aggregation of crystals, (Anat.) ap'changel (-k-), n. Angel of highest rank
from distension or injection of capillary vessels. kind of dead-nettle kind of pigeon. Hence ;

[as prec. + -ize + -ation] arehange'lic a. [OF, f. L f. Gk arkhaggelos

ap'bop vl'tae, n. Popular name of several (see arch- and angel)]
evergreens. [L, = tree of life] ap*chbi*shop,n. Chief bishop; metropolitan.
ap'boup, n. Bower, shady retreat with sides Hence apehBUSHOPRic. [f. L archiepiscopus
and roof formed by trees or lattice- work covered (see arch- and bishop)]
with climbing plants. Hence ap'bouPED 2 a. ar'chdea'eon, n. Ecclesiastical dignitary
[orig. (h)erber f. OF (h)erbier grass lawn f. L next below bishop, superintending rural deans
herbarium (herba grass, herb, see -arium), and holding lowest ecclesiastical court, with
phonetic change to ar- being assisted by assoc. power of spiritual censure. Hence arch-
with L arbor tree] dea'consHiP n. [OE. arce-diacon f. L f. Gk
ar'butus, n. Genus of evergreens including arkhidiakonos (see ARCH- and deacon)]
strawberry tree. [L] apchdea'conpy, n. Jurisdiction, rank,
arc, n. Part of circumference of circle or residence, of archdeacon, [prec. + -ry]
other curve; diurnal, nocturnal, a., part of arehdi'ocese, n. See of an archbishop.
circle that a heavenly body appears to pass [ARCH- (4)]
through above, below, horizon belt contained ; ap'chduchess, n. Wife of an archduke ;

between parallel curves. [OF,f. L arcus bow, daughter of Emperor of Austria, [f. F archi-
curve] duchesse (see arch- and duchess)]
apca'de, n. Passage arched over any ; ar'chduke, n. Son of Emperor of Austria.
covered walk, esp. with shops along one or So ap*chDU'CAL a., ap'chDUCHY n. [f. OF
both sides; (Arch.) series of arches on same archeduc (see arch- and duke)]
plane. Hence arca'dED 2 a. [F, f. It. areata ap'ch-e'nemy, n. Chief enemy ; Satan.
arch f. med. L areata (L arcus bow), see -ade] [arch- (2)J
Area'dian, a. & n. Ideal(ly) rustic, [f. L ap'cher, n. One that shoots with bow and*
Arcadius (Gk Arkadia mountain district in arrows Sagittarius, ninth Zodiacal constella-
;

Peloponnese) + -an] tion. So ap*chERY(2) n. [AF, f. OF archier

apca'num, n. (Usu. in pi. -na) mystery, f. L arcarius (arcus bow, see -ary 2 )]
secret. [L, neut. of arcanus (area chest, see ap'chetype (-k-), n. Original model, proto-
-AN)] type. Hence ap'chetypAL a., ap'ehetyp-
arch \ Curved structure, bearing weight alLY 2 adv. [f. L f. Gk arkhetupon (arkhe-
n.
or ornamental curve vault archway, vault- arch- + tupos stamp)]
; ; ;

ed passage, arched entrance. Hence ap'ch- apch-fie'nd, n. Satan, [arch- (2)]

wise adv. [f. OF arche (f. L area chest, but apchidia'conal (-k-), a. Pertaining to an
confused with arc L arcus bow)] f. archdeacon, [f. L as archdeacon + -al]
arch 2 , v.t. &
Furnish with an arch form
i. ; apchiepi'scopal (k-), a. Pertaining to an
into an arch overarch, span (intr.) form an
; ;
archbishop, [f. L as archbishop + -al]
arch, [f OF archer (as prec. )]
. ap'chil (Violet dye from)
(-tsh-, -k-), n.
arch 3 , a. (sup. -est). Chief, pre-eminent, as various kinds of lichen, [corrupt, of orchil f.
a. rogue, knave, impostor, (but now usu. a.-) ; OF orchel f. It. orcello, etym. dub.]
cunning, clever, innocently roguish, whence archimandrite (-k-), n. Superior of mon-
aP'chLY adv., ap'chNESs n. [= foil.]
2 astery or convent in Greek church, [f. med.
apch- exc. in archangel), pref. = Gk
(-tsh, L archimandrita f. late Gk arkhima)\drites
arkhi-, arkh-, arkhe-, comb, form of arkhos (arkhi- arch- + mandra monastery)]
chief cogn. w. arkho begin (OE erce-, arce-, OF Archimedean (-k-), a. Of Archimedes
arce-, later arche ; whence G erz-, Du. aarts) ; in (Greek mathematician) A. screw, instrument ;

mod. literary wds f. Gk archi- is used, as arch- raising water by tube in form of screw wound
deacon but arehidiaconal. Meaning: (1) in round cylinder, [f. L Archimedeus + -an]
titles of office &c. ' chief, superior ', as arch- archipe'lag-o (-k-), n. Aegean sea sea ;

bishop, -duke, esp. in titles of Holy Roman or with many islands group of islands, [f. It.
;

German empire, as -butler, -chamberlain ; (2) arcipelago (arci- arch- (4) +pelago gulf, pool,
*
pre-eminent, leading ', as -antiquary, -builder, f. L f. Gk pelagos sea)]
-prophet, -wag ; esp. ' extreme, worst ', as -buf- ap'chitect (-k-), n. Professor of building,
foon, -knave, -liar ; (3) rarely = 'first, original', who prepares plans and superintends work
as -founder, -messenger ; (4) of things, chief ', '
designer of complex structure, esp. the Creator
as -diocese. (fig. achiever, as a. of his ownfortunes. Hence
)

arehae'an (-k-), a. Of the earliest geological ap'ehiteetiVE a. [f. L architectus f. Gk

period, [f. Gk arkhaios ancient (arkhe be- arkhitekton (arkhi- arch- + tekton builder)
ginning) + -AN] some derivatives formed as if L -tectus were
apchaeo'logry, n. Study of antiquities, esp. p.p. of tegere cover]
of the prehistoric period. So apehaeolo'g - 1
architecto'nie, a. Of architecture or
ic(al) aa., apehaeolo*glealLY 2 adv., apen- architects ; constructive ; controlling pertain- ;

aeo'logriST n. [f. Gk arkhaiologia (as prec, ing to systematization of knowledge, whence

6ee -logy)] apehiteeto'nics n., apehiteeto'nieAL a.
areha'ie (-k-), a. Primitive, antiquated ; (of [f. L f. Gk arkhitektonikos (as prec, see -ic)]
 ; n;;
;

ARCHITECTURE 43 ARIAN
architecture (-tsher), n. Science of build- Areopagus, [f. L f. Gk arciopagites (see foil,
ing ; thing built, structure ; style of building and -ite)]
construction. Hence arehite'etur al a. ar- Ape6*pag-us, n. Hill at Athens where ,

ehite'eturalLY 2 adv. [F, f. L architectura highest judicial court sat. [L, f. Gk Areios
(architect us pagos Mars' hill]
architect, see -ure)]
ar'ehitrave (-k-), n. Epistyle, main beam are'te (-at), n. Sharp ascending ridge of
resting immediately on the abacus on capital mountain. [F, f. L arista ear of corn]
of column the various parts surrounding
; ap'gala, n. Adjutant-bird, gigantic Indian
doorway or window moulding round exterior stork. [Hind, hargila]
;

of arch. [f. archi- arch- + L trabs -abis ar'gaii, n. Asiatic wild sheep. [Mongol]
beam] ap'gand, n. Lamp with cylindrical wick
ar'ehive (-kiv), n. (usu. pi.). Place in which gas burner on same principle, [inventor]
public records are kept ; records so kept. [F ap'grent, n. & a. Silver (colour, esp. in
hharchi(v)um f. Gk arkheion public
(-if, -ire), f. armorial bearings). [F, f. L argentum]
office (arkhe government)] apg-enti'ferous, a. Yielding silver, [f. L
ar'ehivist (-ki-), n. Keeper of archives, [f. argentum + -ferous]
prec. + -ist] ap'g-entine, a. n. &
Of silver ; silvery ; imi-
ap'ehivolt (-k-), n. Under curve of arch tation silver ; silvery lamellae on scales of fish ;
from impost to impost; mouldings decorat- (Zool.) genus of small fishes ; (Min.) slate-spar,
ing this. archivolto, arcovolta (arco f.
[f. It. [f. F argentin f. L argentinus of silver (argen-
L arcus arch + volta vault, volto arched)] tum, see -ixe 1 )]
ar'chon (-k-), n. One of nine chief magistrates ap'gil (-J-), n. Clay (esp. potter's). So apgil-
at Athens ruler, president. Hence ap'chon-
; 1a 'ceo US a. [f. F argille f. L argilla f. Gk
ship n. [Gk, = ruler (part, of arkho)] argillos (arges white)]
ar'etie, a. Of the north pole, northern; A. ap*g"ol, n. Tartar deposited from fermented
circle (of earth), parallel of 66° 32' N. [f. OF wines, which when purified becomes cream of
artique f. L f. Gk arktikos (arktos bear, Ursa tartar. [?]
Major, see -ic)] ar'gon, n. A
gas, an inert constituent of
Aretur'us, n. Brightest star in constella- the atmosphere. [Gk, neut. of argos idle (a-
tion Bootes. [L, f. Gk arktouros (arktos bear not + ergon work)]
+ ouros guardian)] Ar'gonaut, n. (PI.) legendary heroes who
ar'euate(d), a. Bent like a bow arched, ; sailed with Jason in the Argo for the golden
[f. L arcuatus (arcuare f. arcus bow, see fleece genus of cephalopod molluscs including
;

-ate 2)] paper nautilus. Hence Argonautic a.

-ard, suf. forming nouns, usu. of censure [f. L (-ta) f. Gk Argonautes sailor in the Argo]
(sluggard, drunkard), but cf. standard (orig. ap'g-osy, n. (hist., poet.). Large merchant-
stander), placard also spelt -art (braggart).
; vessel, esp.of Ragusa and Venice, [earlier
[ME & OF, f. G -hart, -hard, hardy, in proper ragusye, prob. f. It. Ragusea (nave) Ragusa
names] (vessel)]
ar'dent, n. Burning, red-hot ;
parching ; a. ap'g-ot Jargon, slang, of a class, esp.
(.go), n.
spirits (prop. = inflammable, but now under- of thieves. etym. dub.] [F,
stood of their taste), alcoholic spirits ; eager, ap'gue (-u), v.t. & i. Prove, indicate, as it
zealous; fervent (of persons and feelings). argues him (to be) a rogue, that he is a
Hence ap'dEXCY n., ar'dentLY 2 adv. [f. OF rogue, roguery in him ; maintain by reasons
ardant f. L ardentem (ardere burn), see -ant] (that), whence ap'g-UABLE a. treat (matter) ;

ar'doup Fierce heat warm emo-

(-er), n. ; by reasoning; a. it away, get rid of it by
tion fervour, zeal, (for). [OF, f. L ardorem
; argument a. (persuade) a person into, out of
;
;
(ardere burn, see -OR 3 )] reason (icith, against, person, for, against,
ap'duous, a. Steep, hard to climb hard to ; about, thing), [f. OF arguer f. L argutare
achieve, laborious strenuous, energetic. Hence
;frequent, of arguere make clear, prove, accuse]
ap*duousLY 2 adv., ap'duousNESS n. [f. L ar'gument, n. Reason advanced (for,
arduus steep, difficult + -ous] against, proposition or course) (Logic) middle ;

are 1 (ar), n. French metric unit of square term in syllogism reasoning process debate ; ;
measure, square whose side is 10 metres summary of subject-matter of book; a. (usu.
(119-6 sq. yds). [F, f. L area] argumentum) ad hominem, one that takes ad-
ape 2. See be. vantage of character or situation of particular
ap'ea, n. Vacant ground level space sunk opponent, ad crumenam, of his avarice, ad
; ;

court railed off from pavement and giving ignorantiam, of his ignorance of the facts.
access to basement of house, as a.-bell super- ; [F, f. L argumentum (argncre, see prec. and
ficial extent ; region, tract scope, range. [L, ; -MENT)]
= vacant piece of ground in town] argumenta'tion, Methodical reason-
n.
a'peea, n. Genus of palms a. -nut, astringent ; ing debate. [F, f.
; hargunientationcm f. argu-
seed of a species of a. [Port., f. Tamil adaikay mentari (as prec), see -ation]
(adai close-clustering + kay nut)] apg-ume'ntative, a. Logical fond of ;

are'na, n. (pi. -as). Central part of amphi-
theatre, in which combats take place; (fig.)
scene of conflict, sphere of action. [L (h)arena
sand, sand-strewn place of combat]
apena'ceous, a. Sand-like sandy. So
arguing. Hence apg"ume # ntativeLY 2 adv.,
apg-ume'ntativeNESS n. [F (-if, -ive), as
prec, see -ative]
Ar*gus, n. Fabulous person with a hundred
; eyes watchful guardian a.-eyed, vigilant
; ;

apeno SE 1 a. [f. L arenaceus (as prec, see

,
a.-shell, oculated porcelain-shell. [L.f.Gk^l rgos]
-ACEOUS)] apgru'te, a. Sharp, shrewd; (of sounds)
ape'ola, n. (pi. -ae). Very small area, as shrill, [f. L argutus p.p. of arguere, see argue]
that between veins of a leaf interstice in ; apg-yp-, argypo-, (ji-), in comb.=Gk ar-
tissue ; circular spot, as that surrounding the guros silver, as argy'ria silver-poisoning,
human nipple; (Biol.) cell-nucleus of plant. argyra'nthous, with silvery flowers, argyro-
Hence ape'olAR 1 ape'olATE 2 , , aa., apeoLv- phyllous, silvery-leaved.
tion n. [L, dim. of area] ar*ia (aH n. (mus.). Air. [It.]
Areo'pagite (-g-), n. Member of the court of Ap'ian (ar-), a. n. &
(Holder) of the doctrine
 ; l ;

-ARIAN 44 ARMOUR
of Arius of Alexandria (4th c), who denied with open aa., cordially; keep at a.'s length,
consubstantiality of Christ. Hence Ap'ian- avoid familiarity with; secular a., authority
ism n., An'ianrzE v.t. & i. [f. L Arianu-s of secular tribunal. Hence ar'niFUL n.,
(Arius f. Gk Arios, Areios, see -ax)] ap'mless 1 [-less] a. [com.-Teut. (OE, Du.,
-apian, suf. forming adjj. and nn. chiefly G) cogn. w. L armus shoulder; cf. Gk harmos
denoting (member) of a sect &c. (veget-, trinit-, joint f. Aryan root ar- join]
humanit-), or (person) of an age given by L arm 2 n. (usu. pi. Weapons fire-aa. (re- , ). ;

numerals (oclogen-). [L -anus + -ax first quiring gunpowder) small-aa. (not requiring ; ;

sense perh. w. ref. to ariax] carriages) stand of aa., set for one soldier ;

a'Pid, a. Dry, parched, (lit. & fig.) (of ground) (sing.) particular kind of weapon take up aa.,
; ;

barren, bare. 'Hence api'diTY, a'pidxESS, nn. arm oneself (often fig. bearaa. .serve as soldier ) ;

[f. L aridus (arere be dry)] lay down aa., cease hostilities in aa., armed ; ;

ap'iel, n. Species of gazelle in Western Asia up> in aa., actively engaged in rebellion &c. (also
and Africa, [f. Arab, aryil var. of ayyil stag] fig.) under aa., in battle array military pro- ; ;

Ap'ies (ar-), n. The Ram, first zodiacal con- fession (sing. & pi.) each kind of troops, in- ;

stellation. [L, = ra m] fantry, cavalry, &c. heraldic devices, as coat ;

apigh't, adv. Rightly, [a prep. + right n.] of aa. King-of-Aa., Chief Herald. Hence ;

-anous, compd adj. suf. =L -arius (-ary 1

) ap'mless 2 [-less] a. [f. F amies i. L arma
4- -ous. arms, fittings, f. root ar- join]
ari'se (-z), v.i. (arose, arisen). (Archaic) rise, arm 3 , v.t. & i. Furnish with arms; armed
get up (poet.) rise from the dead ; (archaic) be
;
neutrality (of nations prepared for war) fur- ;

heard (of be born come

sounds) ; originate ; ; nish with tools or other requisites plate (with ;

into notice result (from) present itself, [a- (1)

; ;
anything) furnish (magnet) with an armature
;
;

+ rise v.] (intr.) arm oneself, take up arms. [f. F armer

ari'sta, n. Awn, beard, of grain and grasses. f. L armare (arma)]
[L] apma'da, n. Fleet of ships of war, esp. the
api'state, a. Awned, bearded, [f. L arista- (Invincible) A. sent by Philip II of Spain
tllS (ARISTA, see -ATE 2
)] against England in 1588. [Sp., f. L artnata
apisto'epaey, n. Government by the best (armare arm v., see -ade)]
citizens supremacy of privileged order, oli-
; apmadi'llo, n. Burrowing animal of S.
garchy state so governed ruling body of
; ; America, with body encased in bony armour,
nobles class from which ruling body is drawn,
;
and habit of rolling itself into ball when cap-
nobles the best representatives of (intellect
; tured genus of small terrestrial Crustacea with
;

&c). [f. L f. Gk aristokratia (aristos best + same habit, allied to wood-louse. [Sp., dim. of
-kratia rule)] armado one armed f. L as arm 3 see -ado] ,

a'Pistocpat, n. One of a ruling oligarchy ;

ap'mament, n. Force (usu. naval) equipped
one of the class of nobles. Hence apisto*- for war
military equipments, esp. great guns
;

CPatis.M n. [f. F aristocrate (as foil.)] on man-of-war process of equipping for war. ;

apistocpa*tic, a. Pertaining to, attached [f. L armamentum (as prec, see -mext)]

to, aristocracy grand, stylish. Hence apisto-

;
ap'matupe, n. Arms, armour defensive ;

cpa'tieAL a., apistocpa'ticalLV 2 adv. [f. covering of animals or plants piece of soft ;

F aristocratique f. Gkaristokratikos (as aristo- iron placed in contact with poles of magnet,
cracy, see -ic)] increasing its power, [f. L armatura (as prec,
api*thmetie, n. Science of numbers arith- ; see -ure)]
metical knowledge, computation treatise on ; arme blanche (F), n. Cavalry sword or
computation. Hence apithmetrciAX n. [f. lance.
OF arismetique f. LL arismetiea for L arith- Apme'nian, a. & n. Of Armenia; A. bole,
metica f. Gk arithmetike (tekhne) (art) of count- red Armenian earth, used medicinally A. ;

ing f. arithmeo count (arithmos number), see stone, blue carbonate of copper native of ;

-ic; corrupted in to arsmetrUce, as if f. L ME Armenia adherent of Armenian church.

;

ars metrica art of measure] [-AX]

I
arithme'tieal, a. Of arithmetic a. pro- ; ap'migep (-J-), n. Esquire, one entitled to
gression, (series of numbers showing) increase, bear heraldic arms. = bearing arms (arma [L,
decrease, by a constant quantity (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, arms -f- gerere bear)]
&c, 9, 7, 5, 3, &c). Hence apithme'tiealiA" - apmi'llapy, a. Pertaining to bracelets a. ;

adv. [prec. + -al] sphere, skeleton celestial globe of metal rings

apitnmo'metep, n. Calculating machine.
|f. F arithmometre (Gk arithmos number +
-meter]
-apium, noun suf. f. L neut. of adjj. in -arius
(-ary 1 ), chiefly in antiquarian words as sacra-
rium, occas. popularized, as aquarium.
apk, n. Chest, box A. of the Covenant, A. of
Testimony, wooden coffer containing tables of
Jewish law covered floating vessel in which
; & fig. short truce, [f. L arma arms + -stitium
representing equator, tropics, &c [f. L armilla
bracelet, see -ary ] ]
Armi'nian, a. & n. (Adherent) of the doc-
trine of Arminius, Dutch protestant theologian,
who opposed the views of Calvin, esp. on pre-
destination. Hence Apmi'nianiSM n. [f.
; Arminius, Latiniz. of Harmensen + -ax]
ap'mistice (-is), n. Cessation from arms (lit.
) ;

Noah was saved at the Deluge Noah's a., toy (sistere -stit- stop)] ;

ark with animals. [com.-Teut. OE arc f. ap'mlet, n. Band worn round arm small: ;

OTeut. arka prob. f. L area chest] inlet of sea or branch of river, [arm l + -let]
apm 1 n. Upper limb of human body from armor'ial, a. & n. (Book)1 pertaining to
,

shoulder to hand \fore-a. (from elbow to'hand) heraldic arms, [armory -f -a ]

fore limb of an animal sleeve thing re- ap'mopy, n. Heraldry. Hence ap'moriST
; ;

sembling a., as a. of the sea, a. -chair (with n. [f. OF armoirie f. armoier blazoner f.
side supports), a. of lever, balaivce, (part from armoier v. =It. armeggiare f. L arma arms]
fulcrum to point of application of power or ap'moup 1 (-er), n. Defensive covering worn in
weight) a. -hole in garment, hole through fighting; a.-bearer, one who carries another's
;

which a. is put a. -pit, hollow under a. at a. metal sheathing of ship of war, composed
; ;

shoulder a.-in-a. (of two persons with aa. in- of a.-plates

; a.-clad, furnished with this ;

terlinked) infant in aa. (too young to walk)

; diver's suit protective covering of animals or ;
 ;; ;;;;

ARMOUR 45 ARROW
plants ; heraldic insignia, [f. OF amneiire f. L array n. Order, as battle a. (Hist.) arm-
2
,
;

armatura armature] ing of militia, as Commission of A. military ;

ap'moup' Furnish with protective

2, v.t. force imposing series (of persons or things)
;

covering armoured cruiser, [f. prec]

; order of impanelling jury (poet.) outfit, dress, ;

ap'moupep, n. Manufacturer of arms [f. AF arai = OF arei f. areyer, see prec]

official in charge of ship's, regiment's, arms, appear*, n. (Archaic) hinder part, esp. of
[f. AF armurer, OF -urier, f. armeiire, see procession (pi.) outstanding debts in aa. or
; ;

prec. and -er 2 ] a., behindhand, esp. in payment; in a. of,

ap*moupy, n. Place where arms are kept, behind, [orig. adv. f. OF arere (mod. F arriere)
arsenal; (U.S.) armourer's workshop, [perh. f. LL ad retro {ad to + retro backwards) first ;

as armory, hut treated as f. armour -f -y l ] used in phr. in arrear]

ap'my, n. Organized body of men armed appeap'age, n. Backwardness ; unpaid
for war; standing a., one of professional balance ; thing in reserve
; (pi.) debts, [f. OF
soldiers permanently on foot; the a., the arerage arere, see prec. and -age]
f.
military service vast host organized body of
; ; appe'et, a. (Of the ears) pricked up (fig.) on ;

men, as Salvation A., Blue Jtibbon A. a.- ; the alert, [f. L arrectus p.p. of Anrigere raise
broker, -contractor, (carrying on business in up (regere straighten)]
connexion with the a.); a.-corps, main divi- appe'st 1 v.t. Stop (person, cannon-ball, de-
,

sion of a. in the field ; a.-list, official list of cay) ; (Law) a. judgment, stay proceedings
commissioned officers ; a.-worm, larva of cot- after verdict, on ground of error seize (per- ;

ton-moth, [f. F armee (cf. -ade) f. L armata son), esp. by legal authority ; catch (attention)
fern. p.p. of armare arm] catch attention of. Hence appe'stiVE a.,
ar'niea, n. Genus of plants including moun- appe'stMENT n. [f. OF arester (Pro v. arestar)
tain tobacco ; medicine, esp. tincture, prepared f. LL ADrestare remain, stop (intr.)]

from this. [?] appe'st 2 n. Stoppage, check; a. of judg-

,

aroi'nt, -oynt, v. or int. (archaic). A. thee, ment (see prec.) seizure legal apprehension
; ; ;

begone. [?] imprisonment under a. (legal restraint), [f.

;

apo'ma, n. (pi. -as). Fragrance, sweet smell OF arest f. arester, see prec]
subtle pervasive quality, [earlier (and OF) appi'de, v.t. (archaic). Please, gratify, [f. L
aromat f. L aromata (pi.) f. Gk aroma -matos] Auridere smile upon, be pleasing to]
aroma'tie, a. Fragrant; spicy. [f. F arriere-ban (aTler-), n. Summoning of
aromatique f. L f. Gk aromatikos (aroma, see vassals to military service by Frankish king
-IC)] body thus summoned or liable to be summoned
arose. See arise. noblesse (improp.) summoning of inferior ;

arou'nd, adv. & prep. On every side, in (arriere-) vassals. [F, f. OF ariere-ban for
every direction (U.S.) about, here and there,
;
(h)ari-ban f. OHG
hari army + ban edict,
at random, as fool a. on, along, the circuit of ; altered in form and sense by pop. etym., whence
about, enveloping, [f. A- (2) + round] ban et arriere-ban summoning of superior and
arovrse (-z), v.t. Awaken ; stir up into inferior vassals]
activity, [a- + rouse, on anal, of rise, arise] arriere-pensee (F), n. Ulterior motive;
arpeggio (-ejo), n. (mus.). Striking of notes mental reservation.
of chord in rapid (usu. upward) succession ; a'PPis, n. Sharp edge formed by angular
chord so struck. [It.] contact of two plane or curved surfaces, as
arquebus. See harquebus. a.-gutter (V-shaped), a.-wise, ridge-wise. [f. F
a'ppaek, Eastern name for any native
n. areste (mod. arete) f. L arista ear of corn]
spirituous liquor, esp. that distilled from the appi'val, n. Act of coming to end of journey
coco-palm, or from rice and sugar, [f. Arab. or destination (lit. fig.) appearance upon & ;

'araq juice] scene ; person, thing, that has arrived ; (colloq.)

a'prah, int., an Anglo-Irish expletive. new-born child cargo to be delivered when
;

appaigrn, v.t. Indict before a tribunal ship arrives, [f. AF

arrivaille (arriver, see
accuse find fault with, call in question, (action,
; foil, and -al (2))]
statement). So appaig"nMENT n. [f. AF appi've, v.i. Come to destination (lit. fig.) &
arainer f. OF
araisnier f. L xorationare or end of journey (at Bath, in Paris, upon scene-,
reason, talk reasonably (ratio -onis reason, at conclusion) (of things) be brought ; (of
;

discourse)] time) come ; (of events) come about, [f. OF

appa'nge, v.t. & i. Put into order, adjust; ariver f. LL arribare f. L A&ripare come to
draw up (army); (Mus.) adapt (composition) shore (ripa)]
for new circumstances; settle (dispute, &c); a'ppogant, a. Overbearing presumptuous ;

settle beforehand the order, manner, of (intr.) haughty. Hence or cogn. a'PPOgTANCE, -ancy,
;

come to agreement {with person, about thing, nn., a'PPOgrantLY 2 adv. [F (as foil., see
to do, that, or abs.). So appa'ngeMENT n. -ant)]
[f.OF arangier (a to + rangier f. rang rank)] a'progate, v.t. Claim unduly (thing, to one-
a'ppant, a. Notorious, downright, thorough- self a thing) ; claim unduly that one possesses
paced, as a. knave, dunce, hypocrite, nonsense. (a quality) ; claim unduly for (to) someone else,
Hence a'PPantLY 2 adv. [variant of errant, [f. L AK(rogare ask), see -ate 3 ]
orig. in phrr. like a. ( — outlawed, roving) thief] appoga'tion, n. Unjust claim (of or abs.)
a'ppas, n. Rich tapestry hanging screen of ; unwarrantable assumption. [f. L arrogatio
this formerly hung round walls of rooms (often (as prec, see -ation)]
not too closely to admit person). Hence arronciissement (F), n. Administrative
a'ppasED 2 a. [Am*as, town in Artois famous subdivision of French department.
for the fabric] a'ppow, n. Pointed missile shot from bow ;

array* 1
Marshal, dispose, (forces) (Law)
, v.t. ; index, pin, ornament, of similar shape a. or ;

impanel a jury dress, esp. with display (refl.)

; ; broad a. -head, mark used by British Board of
dress oneself up adorn (fig.) clothe (in quali-
; ; Ordnance ; a.-stitch, triangular set of stitches
ties &c). [f. AF arayer— OF areyer (Pro v. securing whalebone in stays a.-headed charac- ;

aredar, early Rom. arredare) f. ad to + *redo ters, cuneiform arroxcroot, plant from which a
;

(OFrei, rai) order, preparation, f. LG rede, Goth. nutritious starch is prepared. Hence a'PPOWY 2
garaids ready] a. [OE earh, arwe, f. OTeut., Goth, arhwazna
 ;; ;

ARSE ___46 -ARY

thing belonging to the bow (arhw cogn. w. L arthpo-, comb, form of Gk arthron joint, as
aretes bow)] in arthropathy, painful affection of joints,
arse, Buttocks, rump.
n. [com. - Tent,, arthrosis, articulation.
cogn. w. Gk
orrhos] aptichoke, n. Plant (of which bottom of
ap*senal,n. Public establishment for storage flower and bases of its scales are edible) allied
or manufacture of weapons and ammunition to thistles, native of Barbary; Jerusalem
(also fig.), [f. It. arsenate, earlier arzend f. (corrupt, of girasole, sunflower) A., species of
Arab, dar accina'ah (dar house + al the + sunflower with edible tuberous roots, [f. It.
cina'ah art f/canaa fabricate; d- dropped articiocco corrupt, of *alcarcioffo (mod. It.
perh. by confus/w. de prep. -ale added in It.] carciofo, OSp. alcarchofa) f. Arab. alkharshuf\
;

ap'sehic 1 , n. (Chem.) brittle steel-green ap'ticle ] , n. Separate portion of anything

semi-metallic substance, crystallizing in rhom- written separate clause (of agreement &c.) ;

bohedrons, and volatilizing without fusion as Thirty-nine Aa., Aa. of war, Apprenticeship,
with odour of garlic; (pop.) trioxide of a., Association literary composition forming part ;

white mineral substance, a violent poison of magazine &c. but independent leading a. ;

flowers of a., same sublimed. Hence apse'n- in newspaper, large-type a. expressing editorial
iCAL a, [OF, f. L f. Gk arsenikon yellow orpi- opinion; particular; particular thing, as the
ment (identified with arsenikos male, from next a. ; (Gram.) definite a., 'the', indefinite 4
belief that metals were of different sexes, but a., a, an"; in the a. (moment) of death (usu. in
in fact) f. Arab, az-zernikh the orpiment f. articulo mortis). [F, f. L articulus, dim. of
Pers. zerni (zar gold)] artus limb]
2
ap'ticle , v.t. Set forth in articles; indict;
apse'nie , a. Of, belonging to, arsenic esp.
2 ;

(Chem.) applied to compounds in which arsenic bind by articles of apprenticeship, [f. prec]
combines as a pentad, [f prec. -ic being. identi- apti'eulap, a. Pertaining to the joints, [f L
, .

fied with -ic (1)] articularis (as article 1 see -ar 1 )] ,

apse'nious, a. Containing arsenic esp. apti'eulate 1 (-at), a. & n. Jointed; dis-

;

applied to compounds in which arsenic com- tinctly jointed, distinguishable, as a. speech ;

bines as a triad, [f. arsenic n. + -ious see also (n. articulate animal. Hence apti'eulateL v 2
; )

-ous] adv., apti'eulateNESS n. [f. L articulatus

ap'sis, n. Accented syllable in English (as prec, see -ate 2 )]

scansion (cf. thesis). [L f. Gk, = lifting f. airo apti'eulate 2 , v.t. & i. Connect by joints,
lift
; in what sense, and whether orig. of voice mark with apparent joints (usu. pass.) divide ;

or foot (in beating time), is disputed] into words, pronounce distinctly (intr.) speak ;

ap'son, n. Wilful setting on fire of another's distinctly. Hence apti'eulatORY a, [f. prec,
house or similar property or one's own when see -ate 3 ]
insured. [OF, f. ~L~Larsionem (a rdere urs- burn, articulation, n. Act, mode, of jointing
intr., see -ion)] joint articulate utterance, speech; consonant.
;

apt \ v. See be. [F, f. L articidationem (artiexdare joint as

art 2, n. Skill, esp. human skill as opposed ARTICLE 1 See -ATIOX)] ,

to nature skilful execution as an

; object in ap'tifiee, n. Device, contrivance address, ;

itself skill applied to imitation and design, as skill. [F, f. L artificium (ars artis axt+-ficivm
;

in painting &c thing in which skill may be making f. facere make)]

;

exercised esp. (pi.) certain branches of learning

; apti'neep, n. Craftsman inventor (of), [f. ;

serving as intellectual instruments for more prec. + -er l )

advanced studies, as Bachelor, Master, of Aa., aptifi'eial (-shl), a. Made by art not natural ;

one who has obtained standard of proficiency not real, as a. flowers real, but produced by ;

in these black a., magic practical application art, as a. ice.

; ;
Hence aptifieia'liTY (-shi-),
of any science industrial pursuit, craft guild, aptifi'eialNESS, nn. artifi'eializE v.t. arti-
; ; , ,

company of craftsmen fine aa., those in which fi'eialLY 2 adv. [F, f. L artificialis (as
;

mind and imagination are chiefly concerned artifice, see -al)] ;

knack ; cunning stratagem a. and (or) part, apti'llepy, n. Engines for discharging mis-
; ;

design and (or) execution, as be a. and part in siles, esp. cannon, ordnance branch of army ;

(accessary in both respects). [OF, f. L artem, that manages cannon a.-train, ordnance ;

nom. ars, prob. f. ar- fit] mounted on carriages and ready for marching.
aptep'ial, a. Belonging to, of the nature of, Hence apti'llepisT, apti'llepyman, nn. [f.
an artery a. drainage (ramifying like artery). F artillerie f. artiller maker of artillery f. LL
;

[F (artere artery, see -al)] *articidarius (articula dim. as art, see -ary j )]
aptep'ialize, v.t. Convert venous into aptisa'n (-z-)„ n. Mechanic, handicraftsman.
arterial (blood) by exposure to oxygen in lungs [F, perh. f. It. artigiano f. LL *artitianus
furnish with arterial system. Hence ar- (artitus p.p. of artire instruct in arts, see -an)]
teP'ializATiox n. [prec. +-ize] aP'tist, n. One who practises one of the
aptepio'tomy, n. Opening of artery for fine arts, esp. painting; one who makes his
blood-letting dissection of arteries,
; [f. Gk craft a fine art. Hence aPti*stic(AL) aa.,
arteriotomia (as foil., see -tomy)] apti'stiealLY 2 adv., ap'tistRY n. [f. F
ap'tepy, n. Tube forming part of system by artiste f. It. f. LL artista (ars artis art, see -1ST)]
which blood is conveyed from heart (cf. vein) arti'ste, (-est), n. Professional singer,
to all parts of body (also fig.). Hence aptep- dancer, &c [F, see prec]
itis n. [f. L f. Gk arteria prob. f. airo raise] ap'tless, a. Unskilful, uncultured clumsy ; ;

Arte'sian (-zhn), a. A. well, perpendicular natural guileless, ingenuous. Hence ap*t- ;

boring into strata, producing constant supply of lessLY 2 adv., ap'tlessxEss n. [art + -less]
water rising spontaneously to surface, [f. F ap'um, n. Genus of endogenous plants,
artesien (Artois, old French province)] including Wake-Robin a. lily, cultivated
;

ap'tful, a. Cunning, crafty, deceitful, (of white lily. [L, f. aron] Gk

persons and actions). Hence aP'tfulLY 2 adv., -apy 1
, suf. forming adjj. nn. & f. L -arius
ap'tfulNESS n. [art + -ful] taken F
directly or thr. mod.or imitated
-aire,
apthpi'tis, n. Inflammation of joint; gout. w. L nn. (rarely in E words &sbloomary) adjj. ;

So apthpi'tic a. [L f. Gk (arthron joint, see as arbitrary nouns -arius, as actuary, =

= ;

-ITIS)] •arium, as dictionary, = -aria, as fritillary ;

 ;; ;

-ARY 47 ASHLARING
words taken thr. OF have sometimes -er 2 this point to 25 below it) ; lord of the a., any
instead, as primer. planet within this; in the a., supreme, domi-
-ary 2 , suf. Sometimes in adjj. f. L -aris nating, (improp.) rising; supremacy; ancestor,
instead of regular -ar \ owing to passage thr. [f. OF (-ant) f. L as prec, see -ent]

F -aire, as exemplary. asce'nsion, n. Act of ascending ascent of ;

Aryan n.
(ar-), a. &
Applied by some to Christ on fortieth day after resurrection ; A.-
family of languages (also called Indo-European, day, Holy Thursday, on which this is com-
Jndo-Germanic) that includes Sanskrit, Zend, memorated rising of a celestial body, as
;

Persian, Greek, Latin, Celtic, Teutonic, Sla- right a. (celestial longitude). Hence asee'n-
vonic, with their modern representatives, by sionAL a. [f. L ascensio (as ascend, see -ion)]
others only to the Asiatic portion of these aseensive, a. Rising, progressive (Gram.) ;

member of A. family, [f. Sk. arya noble (in intensive, [as prec, see -ive]
earlier use a national name comprising wor- ascent, n. Act of ascending ; upward
shippers of the gods of the Brahmans) earlier ; movement, rise, (lit. & fig.) way by which one
;

Avian is f. L Arianus of Aria (f. Gk Areia may ascend, slope, flight of steps, [f. ascend
eastern Persia, prob. f. OPers. ariya, a national on anal, of descent]
name)] ascertain, v.t. Hence ascer-
Find out.
as 1 adv., conj., rel. pron. 1. adv.
(az, az), tain able a., aseertai'nMENT n. [f. OF
(in main sentence, foil, by as in subord. clause acertener, acertaine- (d to + certain)]
st.
expressed or understood) in the same degree, as asee'tie, a. &
n. Severely abstinent, austere
I came as soon as I coxdd, I know that as well (n. one who practises severe self-discipline, esp.
)

as you, you might as well help me, as far l as. (Eccl. Hist.) one who retired into solitude for
2. rel. adv. or conj. in subord. clause, with or this purpose. Hence aseetieAL a., asee-
without antecedent as, so, expressing manner, tiealL Y 2 ad v. aseetieiSM n. [f Gk asketikos, .

degree, &c, of the principal sentence ; (degree) f. asketes monk (asked exercise), see -ete and

you are as good as he, it is not so (or as) easy -ic]

as you think, quick as thought he jumped out, ascrdium, n. Genus of molluscs with
fair as (= though) she is; (manner) do as you leathery enveloping tunic, regarded as link in
like, according as ive decide, he looks as if he development of Vertebrata. [f. Gk askidion
had seen a ghost, treat him as a stranger, you dim. of askos wine-skin]
are, as it were = as if it were actually so), com-
( Aselepiad, n. (Gk and Lat. Prosody) verse
promised, they rose as one man, late as usual, consisting of a spondee, two or three choriambi,
he smiled, as who should say (= as a man and an iambus. Hence Aselepiade'AN a.
would smile who) (time) it struck me as I was
; [f. L f. Gk Asklepiadeios (Asklepiades, Greek
speaking (reason) as you are not ready, we
; poet, the inventor)]
must go on (result) he so arranged matters
; ascri'be, v.t. Attribute, impute, (to) ; con-
as to suit everyone, be so good as to come. 3. sider as belonging (to person or thing). Hence
rel. pron. That, who, which, as I had the same or cogn. aseri'bABLE a., aseri'ptiON n.
trouble as you, such countries as Spain (with ; [earlier ascrive f. OF ascriv- st. of ascrire f. L
antecedent inferred from main sentence) he AD(sc7Hbere script- write)]
was a foreigner, as (which fact) they perceived aseptic, a. n. Free from putrefaction &
from his accent, i. special phrr. as regards, : or blood-poisoning; (n.) nqn-putrescent sub-
so far as it concerns as yet, up to this time ; stance, [f. Gk a- not + septikos putrefying
i" thought as much, I thought so as well {as), ; (sepo rot, see -ic)]
in addition (to) as good as dead, practically
; asexual, a. without sex. Hence
(Biol.)
dead. [OE allswd (later alsa, als) adv. = asexua'liTY n. not + sexual]
[f. Gk a
wholly so, quite so] ash 1
, n. Forest-tree with silver-grey bark,
as 2, n. Roman copper coin, orig. weighing pinnate foliage, and close-grained wood wood ;

12 oz., but finally reduced to 4 oz. [L] of this a.-fly, a.-grub, (found on a. and used
;

as-, pref. = ad- before s. by anglers) a.-key, winged seed of the a. a.-
; ;

asafoe'tida (-fe-), n. Concreted resinous leaf, an early potato mountain a., rowan-tree. ;

gum with strong smell of garlic used in medi- [com.-Teut. : OE assc, G esche]
cine and cookery, [med. L (asa f. Pers. aza ash 2 , n. (usu. pi.). Powdery residue left
mastic +foetida stinking)] after combustion of any substance (pi.) re- ;

asbestine, a. Of, like, asbestos, incom- mains of human body after cremation (lit. &
bustible (lit. & fig.) [f. f. L Gk asbestinos f. fig.) lay in aa., burn to the ground sackcloth
; ;

foil., see -ine 2 ] and aa. (symbol of repentance) a.-fire, low ;

asbe'stos, n. Fibrous mineral that can fire used in chemical operations; a.-fumace
be woven into an incombustible fabric (also (used in glass-making); A.- Wednesday, first
fig.). Hence asbe'strc, asbe'stoiD, aa. [L f. day of Lent (from Rom. Cath. custom of
Gk,=unquenchable (a- not+soes£osf. sbennum* sprinkling aa. on penitents' heads), [com.-
quench)] i Teut. OE asce, axe, Da. aske]
:

asce'nd, i. &
Go, come, up (of things)
v.t. ; asha'med (-md), pred. a. Abashed, discon-
rise,be raised ; slope upwards, lie along as- certed, by consciousness of guilt a. of (con- ;

cending slope ; rise in thought, rank, degree of duct) a. for (on account of) you
;
a. to do ;

quality (of sounds) rise in pitch go back in

; ; (implying reluctance, but not always! absten-
point of time ; (trans.) go up, climb a. a river, ; tion), [p.p. of obs. vb ashame (a- (1) + OE
go along it towards its source mount upon,
; scamian shame)]
as a. the throne, [f. L ascendere, AD(scendere a'shen \ a. Pertaining to an ash-tree made ;

scens- = scandere climb)] of ash. [ash l

+ -en 5 ]
ascendancy, -eney, n. Dominant control, a'shen 2, a. Of ashes; ash-coloured, pale.
sway, (over), [f. foil., see -ancv] [ash 2 + -en 5 ]
ascendant, -ent, Rising; (Astr.) a. & n. a'shlar, n. Square hewn stone(s) ; masonry
rising towards zenith; (Astrol.) just above constructed of this similar masonry as facing ;

eastern horizon predominant horoscope point

; ; ; to rubble or brick wall. [f. OF aiseler f. L
of ecliptic or degree of zodiac that (esp. at birth axillaris (axilla dim. of axis, assis, axle,
of child) is just rising above eastern horizon board, see -ar 1 )]
house of the a. (from 5 degrees of zodiac above a'shlaring-, n. Short upright quartering in
 ;; ) ;

A SHORE 48 ASSAY
garrets, cutting off acute angle formed by tar with sand &c. Hence aspha'ltic a. [f.

rafters ashlar masonry, [prec. + -ing j ]

; Gk asphaltos, of foreign orig.
ashore', adv. To, on to, on, shore, [a prep.] a'sphalt-, v.t. Lay (road) with asphalt, [f.
a'shy, a. Of ashes covered -with ashes ; ;
prec]
ash-coloured, pale, [ash 2 + -Y 2 ] a'sphodel, n. Genus of liliaceous plants
Asia'tie (ashi-), a. & n. (Native) of Asia, (poet.) immortal flower in Elysium, [f. L f. Gk
[f. L f. Gk Asiatikos (Asiates f. Asia, see -ic)] asphodelos, etym. dub. earlier affodil, whence ;

asi'de, adv. & n. To, on, one side, away; daffodil]

set a., quash speak a. (apart, in
(verdict); asphyxia, -xy, n. Suspended animation
Erivacy); (n.) words spoken aside, esp. spoken due to lack of oxygen in blood, suffocation.
y an actor & supposed not to be heard by Hence asphy'xivL a., asphy'xiATE 3 v.t.
other performers; indirect effort, [orig. on [f. Gk asphuxia (a- not + sphitxis pulse)]
side, see A prep.] a'spie*, n. (poet.). =asp 2 [F, f. L aspidem, .

a'sinine, a. Pertaining to asses stupid. nom. -is, w. unexpl. -ic] ;

Hence asini'niTY n. [f. L asininus (asinus a'spie 2, n. Savoury meat jelly. [F, etym.
ass, see -ine l )] dub.]
-asis, suf. forming names of diseases. [L a'spirant (or aspir'-), a. & (One) who
n.
-dsis f. Gk
-asis in nouns of state f. vbs in -ad] aspires {to, after, for). [F, as see -ant]
foil.,
ask 1
, v.t i. &
Call for an answer to, as a. a'spipate 1 (-at), a. & n. (Consonant) pro-
(him) a question, a. {him) this, a. {him) who it nounced with a breathing, blended with sound
is, a. him the time, a. a question of a person, of h the sound of h. [f. L aspirare, see aspire
;

a. him about a thing ; make a request (for), as and -ate 2 ]

a. a favour of him, a. {him) a favour, a. {him) a'spipate 2, v.t. Pronounce with a breath-
for it, ask (abs.), a. him to do it, a. that it may ing draw out (gas) from vessel, [as prec, see
;

be done, a. to have time given one ; invite -ate 3 ]

(person to dinner &c); (of things) demand, aspira'tion, n. Drawing of breath desire ;

require, as it asks {for) attention', a. (publish) {for, after) ; action of aspirating, [f. L aspira-
the banns; (pop.) be asked in church, have tio (as prec, see -atjon)]
one's banns called. OE
[com.-Teut ; a'spirator, n. Apparatus for drawing air,
dscian,
ME ox ax ex ask esk ash ass, &c. ax was gas, through tube instrument for drawing pus
from abscesses winnowing-machine.
;

L
;

usu. literary form to 1600] [f. ;

aska'nce, -ant, adv. Sideways, asquint; aspirare, see foil, and -or 2]
with indirect meaning; look a. at, view sus- aspire*, v.i. Desire earnestly (to, after, at,
piciously. [?] to do, or abs.) ; mount up (usu. fig.), [f. L ad-
askew", adv. & pred. a. Obliquely look a. ; (spirare breathe)]
(not straight in the face) (adj.) oblique, [etym. ;
asqui'nt, adv. pred. a. (With look or &
dub., cf. skew] sim. vb) obliquely, out at the corner of the
asla'nt, adv. & prep. Obliquely; (prep.) eyes (esp. through defect in the eyes), [prob.
slantingly across, athwart, [a prep. + slant] f. or corr.to Du. schuinte slant + A prep.]

aslee'p, adv. & pred. a. In, into, a state of ass, n. Quadruped of horse family with long
sleep (lit. & fig.) (of limbs) benumbed, [a prep.
;
ears and tuft at end of tail (used esp. as type
+ sleep] of ignorance, stupidity, &c); make ana. of,
aslo'pe, adv. & pred. a. Sloping, crosswise. stultify (oneself, or another) Asses' bridge ;

[prob. OE aslopen p.p. of aslupan slip away]

f. (Pons Asinorum), Euclid 1, 5. [OE has isolated
asp n. (also aspen). Kind of poplar with
*- form assa, as well as esol for com.-Teut. esil
specially tremulous leaves. [com.-Teut. OE : I. L asinus]
xspae, seps, G espe] a'ssagai, -seg*ai (-gi), n. Slender spear of
asp Small venomous hooded sei'pent of
2 , n. hard wood, esp. a missile of S. African tribes,
Egypt and Libya (poet.) any venomous serpent.
;
[f. F azagaye f. Arab, azzaghayah (al the +

[f. L f. Gk aspis] Berber word zaghayah)]

aspa'pagfus, Plant, whose vernal shoots
n. assct'i (-ah-e), adv. (mus.). Very. [It]
are a table delicacy. [L, f. Gk asparagos, etym. assai'l, v.t. Make hostile attack upon (lit.
dub. ; earlier sperage, sparagus, sparroic- & fig.) ; approach resolutely overwhelm
(task) ;

grass] (with questions &c). Hence assai*lABLE a.,

a'speet, n. Way of looking a looking, front- ; assai'l a nt n. [f. OF asalir, asailar, f. LL
ing, in a given direction side so fronting ; ADsalire -salt- leap at]
phase look, expression ; appearance (esp. to
; assa'ssin, One who undertakes to kill
n.
the mind), [f. L aspectus -us (xospicere -spect- treacherously (Hist.) Moslem fanatic in time of
;

look at)] Crusades, sent by the Old Man of the Mountains

a'spen, a. & n. Of, like, the asp (tree) to murder Christians. [F, f. med. L assassinus
quivering; (n.) = ASP 1 [asp 1 + -en; wrongly . f. Arab, hashshash, hashishiyy hashish eater]
taken as noun used attrib. in aspen leaf &c] assa'ssinate, v.t. Kill by treacherous vio-
aspepgi'llum, n. Brush for sprinkling holy lence. Hence assassin a 'tion, assa'ssina-
water. [L, f. aspergere {ad to + spargere tOR 2 nn. [f. med. L assassinare (assassinus),
,

sprinkle) + -ilium dim. suf.] see prec. and -ate 3 ]

aspe'Pity, n. Roughness rough excre- ; assau'lt n. Hostile attack (lit. & fig.):
1
,

scence severity (of weather) harshness, sharp-

; ; a. of, at,arms, attack in fencing, display of
ness, (of temper), [f. OF asprete f. L asperitatem military exercises rush against walls of fort- ;

(asper rough, see -ty)] ress &c, as carry by a. (Law) unlawful per- ;

asper'se, v.t. Besprinkle (with) bespatter ; sonal attack (including menacing words), as
(person, character, with damaging reports) a. andbattery, [f. OF asaut f. LL adsaltus
calumniate. So aspep'siON n. [f. L asper- (as ASSAIL)]
gere -ers-, see aspergillum] assau'lt 2, v.t. Make violent attack upon
asper-sor'ium, n. Vessel for holy water, (lit. & fig.) ; assail ; attack (fortress) by sudden
[med. L (as prec, see -ory)] rush. Hence assau'lt able a. [f. OF asauter
a'sphalt smooth hard bituminous f. Rom. assaltare spring at, for L xn(sxdtare =
1
, n. A
substance mixture of bitumen, pitch, and sand, saltare frequent, of sahre salt- leap)]
;

for pavements &c. similar mixture of coal- ; assay* *, n. Trial of metals, esp. of fineness
 ;
; ;

ASSAY 49 ASSONANCE
of coin or bullion metal to be so tried
•
over personal property, to) appoint (place
(esp. ;

(archaic) attempt. [OF, f. L exagium weighing &c to) fix, specify ascribe, refer, (event to
; ;

(exigere, -agere, weigh, try)] date) ascribe (reason to, for, thing). Hence
;

assay* 2 , v.t. & i. Try the purity of (precious assigrnABLE a., assig-noR' 2 (-in-), n. [f. OF
metals, also fig.) ; attempt (anything difficult, assigner f. L ASsigna7'e mark out to (signum
to do). Hence assay'ABLE asayer, a. [f. OF sign)]
essayer, f. LL *exagiare (exagium, see prec)] asslg~n 2, n. One to whom property, right,
asse'mblage, n. Bringing, coming, to- is legally transferred. [ME assigne (three
gether concourse of persons collection. [F
; ; syllables) f. F assigne p.p. of assigner (see
(assembler, see foil, and -age)] prec.) gives both assignand assignee]
asse-mble, v.t. & i. Gather together, col- a'ssigrnat (-ig-), n. Paper money issued by
lect, [f. OF asembler f. L ASsinudare in the revolutionary government of France. [F, f. L
(late) sense of bring together (simul)] assignatum, neut. p.p. of assignare assign]
assembly, n. Gathering together, con- assignation (-ig-), n. Apportionment for- ;

course, esp. deliberative body, legislative coun- mal transference ; appointment (of time and
cil ;military call by drum or bugle a.-room. ; place) ; attribution of origin, [f. OF assignacion
room in which balls &c. are given, [f. OF f. L assignationem assign 1 see -ation)] (as ,

asemblee fern. p.p. of asembler, see prec] assignee* One appointed to act for
(-ine), n.
assent v.i. Agree (to proposal), defer (to
1
, another assign aa. in bankruptcy, persons
; ;
a desire) ; express agreement (to statement, charged with management of bankrupt's estate,
opinion, or abs.). Hence assentOR 2 n. [f. OF [f. OF a(s)signe, see assign n.]
asenter f. L assentare, -ari, irreg. frequent, of assignment, n. Allotment; legal trans-
ASsentiri agree to (sentire think)] ference ; document effecting this ; attribution ;
asse'nt 2, n. (Official) concurrence, sanction, allegement (of reasons), [f. OF assignement f.
as royal a. (of sovereign to bill passed by med. L assignamentum (as assign 1 see -ment)] ,
Parliament) mental acceptance, [f. OF asente
; assi'milate, v.t. & i. Make like (to, with) ;
(asenter, see prec.)] compare (to, with) absorb into the system (lit. ;

assentation, n. Obsequious concurrence. &c fig.) (intr.) be so absorbed. Hence or cogn. ;

[F, f. L assentationem (as assent, see -ation)] assimilaBixiTY, assimilATiox, assi'mi-
assentient (-shi-), a. & n. (Person) that late k-, nn., assi'milABLE, assi'milativE,
assents, [f. L as assent, see -ent] assi'milatORY, aa. [f. L Assimilare (similis
assert, v.t. Vindicate a claim to (rights); like),see -ate 3 ]
a. oneself, insist upon one's rights ; declare. assi'st, v.t. & i. Help (person, process, per-
Hence assert able, asseptivE, aa., as- son in doing), whence assi'st ant a. & n.,
ser'tiveLY 2 adv., asser'tivexEss n. [f L . assi'stANCE, n. (intr.) take part (in) be pre- ; ;

AS(serere sert- join) put one's hand on slave's sent (at). [I. F assister f. L Assistei*e take one's
head to free him (whence obs. sense free in '
'
stand by]
E) or claim him, claim, affirm] assi'ze, n. Statutory price (of bread and
assertion, n. Insistence upon a right self- ; ale) trial in which sworn assessors decide
;

a., insistence on recognition of one's claims; questions of fact, esp. periodical sessions in
affirmation, positive statement, [f. L assertio each county of England for administration of
(as prec, see -ion)] civil and criminal justice great a., last judg- ;

assertop, n. One who asserts ; champion, ment, [f. OF asise, fern. sing. p.p. (as n.) of
advocate, (of). [L (as prec, see -or 2 )] asseoir sit at f. L assidere, cf. assess]
assess, v.t. Fix amount of (taxes, fine); asso'ciable (-sha-), a. That can be con-
fix amount of and impose (upon person or com- nected in thought (with). Hence associ-
munity) fine, tax, (person, community, pro-
; auixiTY n. [F, f. associer (as foil., see -able)]
perty, in, at, so much) estimate value of (pro-
; asso'ciate (-shiat), a. & n. 1
Joined in com-
perty) for taxation. Hence asse'ssABLE a.', panionship, function, or dignity allied part- ; ;

asse'ssabLY 2 adv., assess.MENT n. [f. OF ner ; companion colleague subordinate mem- ; ;

assesser f. LL assessare frequent, of AS(sidere ber of an association thing connected with ;

sess- = sedere sit)] another. Hence asso'ciatesmp n. [f. L as-

assessor, n. One who sits as assistant, sociare (socitis sharing, allied), see -ate 2]
adviser, to judge or magistrate one who ; asso'ciate 2 (-shi-), v.t. & i. Join (persons,
assesses taxes or estimates value of property for things, or one with another) connect in idea ;

taxation, [f. OF assessour f. L assessorem make oneself a partner in (a matter) (intr.) ;

assistant-judge (as prec, see -or 2 )] combine for common purpose have intercourse ;

a'ssets, n. pi. (sing. -et).
to enable heir to discharge debts and legacies
of testator ; property liable to be so applied
effects of insolvent debtor property of person ;
or company that may be made liable for debts
(sing.) item of this in balance-sheet, (loosely)
(Law) enough goods (with). Hence asso'eiativE, asso'eiatORY,
aa., asso'eiatOR 2 n. [as prec, see -ate 3 ]
association (-si-), n. Act of associating (in
all senses) ; organized body of persons ; deed
; of document giving particulars of limited
a.,
company fellowship, intimacy a. of
liability ; ;

any possession, [f. AF

asetz f. OF asez enough ideas, mental connexion between an object
f. LL ad satis to sufficiency] and ideas related to it. [f. L associatio (as
asseverate, v.t. Solemnly declare. So prec, see -ation)]
assevePA'Tiox n. [f. L ASseverare (severus assoi'l, v.t. (archaic). Absolve from sin,
serious), see -ate 3 ] pardon acquit release atone for. [f. OF as-
; ; ;

assi* Dilate, v.t. Give a hissing sound to. sort, assoille, pres. ind. and subj. of assoudre
Hence assibilA'Tiox n. [f. L ASsibilare hiss, f. LAB(solvere loose) Sc has assoilzie (pron. ;

see -ate 3] -yi) still used in sense 'acquit ']

assidu'ity, n. Close attention (pi.) con- ; a'ssonance, n. Resemblance of sound be-
stant attentions, [f. L assiduitas (assiduus, tween two syllables rhyming of one word with ;

see foil, and -ty)] another in the accented vowel and those that
assi'duous, a. Persevering, diligent. follow, but not in the consonants (e.g. sonnet,
Hence assi'duousLY 2 adv., assiduous- porridge) partial correspondence. So a'sson-
;

ness n. [f. L assiduus (as assess) + -ous] ant a. [F, f. L xssonare respond to (sonus
assig-n v.t. Allot as a share (to); make
1
, sound), see -ance]
 ;;; ;

ASSORT 50 ASUN
assop't, v.t. & i. Classify, arrange in sorts to common focus on retina. So astigma'tic
; ma*tic
group with others furnish (store, shop) with a. If. Gk a- not + stigma -matos point + -ic]
:

an assortment (intr.) associate

;
with; fall into astip*, adv. & pred. a. In motion out of ;

a class suit well or ill with. [f. OF assorter bed in excitement, [a prep. + stir n.]
;
;

(a to + sorte sort)] astd'nish, v.t. Amaze, surprise. Hence

assortment, n. Assorting assorted set asto'nishMEXT n. [altered f. obs. astony
;*

of^goods of one or several classes, [-.mext] unexpl. form of obs. astone apparently f. OF
assua'ge (-sw-), v.t. Calm, soothe, (person, estoner, estuner (mod. etonner), stupefy, shock,
feelings, pain); appease (appetite, desire). f. L *KXtonare (cf. L attonare strike with
Hence assua'ge.MENT n. [f. OF asouager f. thunderbolt, stun) relation to stun and G ;

L *ASSuaviare (suavis sweet)] stavnen is uncertain]

assu'me, v.t. Take upon oneself (aspect, astou'nd (-ow-), v. t. Shock with alarm or sur-
air) assuming, taking much upon oneself, prise; amaze, [f. obs. astound a. = astoned
;

arrogant; undertake (office, duty); usurp; p.p. of obs. astone, see prec]
simulate; take for granted (thing, thing to be, astpa'ddle, adv. & pred. a. In a straddling
that). Hence assirmABLE a., assu'mabLV a position, [a prep.+STRADDLE v.]
adv. [f. L AS(sumere sumpt- take)] a'stpagal, n. (Arch.) small moulding round
assumption, n. Act of assuming (in all top or bottom of columns (Gunn.) ring round ;

senses) reception of Virgin Mary into heaven

; cannon near mouth, [f. foil.] ;

feast in honour of this thing assumed arro- astrcfgalus, n. Ball of ankle-joint genus
; ; ;

gance, [f. L assumptio (as assume, see -ion)] of leguminous plants including milk-vetch.
assu'mptive, a. Taken for granted arro- [L, f. Gk astragalos huckle-bone, moulding,
;

gant, [f. L assumptivus (as prec, see -ive)] plant]

assup'anee (ashoor-), n. Formal guarantee astpakha'n (-kan), n. Skin of young lambs
positive declaration (Law) securing of a title
;
from Astrakhan in Russia, with wool like
;

compact securing value of property in the fur.

event of its being lost, or payment of specified a'stpal, a. Connected with, consisting of,
sum on person's death (usu. life-a., fire-, mar- stars a. spirits (supposed to live in stars) a. ; ;

ine-, insurance) certainty self-confidence

;
body, spiritual appearance of the human form;
; ;

impudence, [f. OF aseiirance (aseiirer, see a. lamp (throwing no shadow on table below),
foil. & -ANCE)] [f. L astralis (astrum star, see -al)]

assure (ashoor 1
), v.t. Make safe; or. life astray, adv. or pred. of the right
a. Out
(see prec.) ; make certain, ensure, (of future way (lit. & fig.), estraie p.p.
[perh. orig. f. OF
events &c.) ; make (person) sure (of fact) tell ; of estraier f. L *extravagare wander out of
(person) confidently (o/a thing, of its being so, bounds ; but confused w. forms like a-Jloat,
that it is so). Hence assup'edLY 2 adv., as- a-sleep^ ; no early noun stray]
supe'dxESS n. [f. OF aseiirer i. LL ad- astpi'et, v.t. (rare) Bind tightly ; make cos-
securare (securus safe)] tive ; bind morally, legally restrict (to). So ;

assup'gent, Rising; (Bot.) rising ob-

a. astPi*etioxT n. [f. L astringere -ict- (ad to +
liquely ; aggressive, [f. L xssiwgere rise, see stringere bind)]
-ext] astpi'etive, a. Tending to contract organic
Assypio'logy, n. Study of language, history, tissue ; astringent, styptic, [as prec, see -ive]
Hence Assyrio'LO-
antiquities, of Assyria. astpi'de, adv., pred. a., prep. In a striding
GIST n. [f. L f. Gk A spuria + -logv] position; with legs on each side (of) (prep.) ;

asta'tie, a. Not tending to keep one position astride of. [a prep. + stride n.]
a. needle (unaffected by earth's magnetism), astpi'nge, v.t. Bind together; compress;
[f. Gk astatos unstable (a- not + sta- stand) + constipate, [as astrict]
-ic] astpi'ng'ent, a. & n. Binding, styptic;
a'step, Genus of plants with showy Severe austere
n. (n.) astringent medicine. ; ;

radiated flowers; China a., flower allied to Hence astPi'ngrentLY 2 adv., astpi'ngTEXCY
this. [Lf. Gk, = star] n. [as prec, see -ext]
-aster, suf. expressing contempt, added to astpo-, in comb. = Greek astron star in ;

L and Rom. nn., as oleaster, poetaster, mean- wds f. Gk, as astronomy, and mod. formations
ing 'petty, sham, would-be'. [L, as in philo- as -gony, stellar cosmogony, -lithology, study
sophaster] of meteoric stones.
a'sterisk, n., & v.t. Star (*) used to mark a'stPOite, n. Gem known to the ancients
words for reference or distinction (v.t.) mark kind of madrepore, [f. L astro'ites (see prec
;

with a. [f. L f. Gk asteriskos dim. as aster] and -ite)]

a'stepism, n. Cluster of stars three as- a'strolabe, n. Instrument formerly used
;

terisks ("V), calling attention, [f. Gk asterismos for taking altitudes &c [f. OF astrelabe f.
(aster, see -ism)] med. L astrolabium f. Gk astro- (lab- take)]
astep'n, adv. (naut). In, at, the stern astpo'logy, n. (Formerly) practical as-
away behind backwards, [a prep.-;- stern]
; tronomy (also called natural a.) art of judg- ;

a'stepoid, a. & n. Star-shaped (n.) name of ing of reputed occult influence of stars upon
;

small planets revolving round sun between human affairs (judicial a.). So astPO'LOGER
orbits of Mars and Jupiter kind of firework. n., astPolo*g"ic(Ai.) aa., astPolo'giealLY -
;

Hence astepoi'dAL, a. [f. Gk asteroeides adv. [f. F astrologie f. L f. Gk ASTRO(Zooia

(aster, see -OID)] -logy)]
a'sthma, n. A disease of respiration, char- astPO'nomy, n. Science of the heavenly
acterized by difficult breathing, cough, &c. bodies. SoastPO'nomER 1 (3) n., astpono'm-
fGk asthma -matos (azo breathe hard, see -m)] ic(al) aa., astPono'miealLY 2 adv. [f. OF
asthma'tic, a. & n. Pertaining to, suffer- astronomiei. Lf. Gkast?'ono?niaf. ASTROnomos
ing from, good against, asthma; (n.) person a. star-arranging (nemo arrange)]
suffering from asthma. Hence asthma*- astu'te, a. Shrewd, sagacious ; crafty.
tieAL a., asthma'tiealLY 2 adv. [f. Gk Hence astu'tei.Y 2 adv., astu'texESS n. [f.
asthmatikos (as prec, see -ic-)] L astutus length, form of astus crafty]
astigmatism, n. Structural defect in the asu'nder, adv. (Of two or more things)
eye, preventing rays of light from being brought apart (in motion or position) tear a., tear to ;
 ;; ;

LUM 51 -ATI VE
ieces
pieces. [OE on sundran, see A prep, and in -ate , and subsequently to repr. the corr.
2
sunder] L vb in -are (p.p. -atus), as separate, aggravate.
asylum, n. Sanctuary, place of refuge, esp. As these vbs usu. have F equivalents in -er,
for criminals or debtors; shelter, refuge; in- -ate was further used to form vbs on model of
stitution for shelter and support of afflicted or F vbs in -er, as isolate (F isoler). -ate was also
destitute persons, esp. lunatics. [L, f. Gk used to form vbs that L might have formed,
asulon neut. of adj. asulos inviolable (a- not + but did not, on nouns, as felicitate (L felicitas
side right of seizure)] -atis), and even vbs on nouns not of L orig., as
asymmetry, n. Want of symmetry, [a- camphorate.
+ symmetry]
(7) atelier (atl-ya"), n. Workshop, studio. [F]
a'symptote (-6t), Line that approaches
n. atelo- in comb. = Gk ateles imperfect (a- not
nearer and nearer to given curve but does not + telos end), as -glossia, -gnathia, -stomia, im-
meet it within a finite distance. If. Gk asum- perfect development of tongue, jaws, mouth.
ptotos not falling together (a- not + sum- to- Athana'sian, a. Of Athanasius (arch-
gether -hptotos falling f. pipto)] bishop of Alexandria in reign of Constantine),
asyndeton, n. A rhetorical figure that as A. creed (that beginning whosoever will).
omits the conjunction, [f. Gk asundeton un- Athanasius + -an] [f.
connected (a- not + sundetos f. sundeo bind a'theism, n. Disbelief in the existence of
together)] a God; godlessness. Soa*thersTn.,athei*st-
at, prep, expressing exact, approximate, or ic a., athei'stiCALLY adv. [f. F athUsme f.
vague, position, lit. & fig., as meet a. a point, Gk atheos without God (a- not+theos God), see
wait a. the corner, a. the top, a. Bath (or any -ism]
town except London and that in which the athenaeum, n. Literary or scientific club
speaker is), a. school, a. sea, a. a distance, a. reading-room, library. [L, f. Gk Athenaion
arm's length, out a. elbows, a. xoork, a. dinner, temple of Athene, goddess of wisdom]
play a. fighting, good a. repartee, a. daggers athir'st, pred. a. Thirsty eager {for). [OE ;

drawn, a. a disadvantage, a. his mercy, a. a ofthyrst for ofthyrsted p.p. of ofthyrstan be

low price, a. midday, a. first, a. least, a. all thirsty]
events, annoyed a. finding, impatient a. delay a'thlete, n. Competitor in physical exer-
expr. motion towards, lit. & fig., as arrive a. a cises ; robust, vigorous, man. [f. L athleta f.
place, get, rush, shoot, laugh, grumble, hint, Gk athletes f. athleo contend for prize (athlon),
snatch, aim, a. [com.-Teut., but lost in G and see -et 2]
Du. ; OE set, governing dat., rarely ace] athle'tic, a. & n. Pertaining to athletes;
at-, pref. = ad- before t. physically powerful practice of physical
; (n. pi.)
atapa'xia, -xy, n. Stoical indifference. exercises. Hence athle'tiCALLY
adv., ath-
[Gk ataraxia (a- not + tarasso disturb)] le'tieiSM n. [f. L f. Gk athletikos (as prec.)]
a'tavism, n. Resemblance to remote an- at-ho'me, n. Reception of visitors within
cestors rather than to parents recurrence of ; certain hours during which host or hostess or
disease after intermission of some generations. both have announced that they will be at home.
Hence atavi'stie [f. F atavisme
[-ist, -ic] a. athwar't, (-awt), adv. prep. Across from &
f. L atavus great-grandfather's grandfather, side to side (usu. obliquely) crosswise, per- ;

see -ism] versely in opposition to; (of ship) athwart-

;

ata'xic, a. Characterized by ataxy a. fever,
malignant typhus fever, [f. foil. + -ic]
ata'xy, n. Irregularity of animal functions
locomotor a., constitutional unsteadiness in use
of legs, arms, &c. [f. Gk ataxia (a- not + taxis
order f. tasso arrange)]
ate. See eat.
; hawse, across stem of another ship at anchor.
[a prep. + thwart]
-atie, adj. suf. ( = F -atique) f. L -aticus
(orig. -at- of p.p. stems + -ic, but extended to
nouns as fanaticus f. fanum), which gives also
-age ; in many modern formations, as lunatic,
lymphatic but in many apparent exx. (drama-
;

-ate 1 , suf. forming nn.

orig. f. -atus (gen. L tic, piratic) the suf. is -ic, and -at- part of the
-us) in nouns of state from p.p. stems or nouns, stem.
or f. L
-atus, -ata, -atum (see -ate 2 ), which in -atile, adj. suf. like -atic in orig. and use =
OF became but in learned words, and
-e (-ee), -at- + -ile, as volatile, fluviatile.
later in many
re-formed words, -at, as prelat, a-ti'lt, adv. Tilted ; run, ride, a. (in en-
primat, magistrat. E having adopted -at counter on horseback with thrust of lance,
af terwards added -e to mark quantity of a, and usu. fig.), [a prep. + tilt]
later words took -ate at once. E also formed -ation, suf. (= -at- of L 1st conj. p.p. stems-f-
wds either directly on L as curate or by anal, -ion) forming abstract nouns on L 1st conj.
as aldermanate. Most nn. in -ate are (1) nn. of vbs as agitation, Gk vbs in -izo (L -izare -ize)
office, as marquisate, syndicate, (2) participial as organization, F vbs in -er as filtration, and
nn. as legate one deputed, precipitate what is rarely E vbs as starvation, the last on false
thrown down, (3) chem. terms denoting salts anal. f. vexation &c, formed on L vexare, not
formed by action of an acid on a base, as nitrate, on E vex. The great preponderance of -ation
sxdphate. over -ition &c. is due to F adoption of the -er
-ate 2, suf. forming adjj. (1) chiefly (thr. F) vb = L 1st conj, as the type for all new vbs.
( )

f. L p.p. in -atus (1st conjug.), which (cf. prec.) Wds taken f. OF have often -ison, -son, (orison,
became successively as desolate.
-at, -ate, reason) instead of -ation. Most wds have vb
Many such adjj. formed causative vbs (see in -ate corr. (creation), many a shortened vb
foil.) and served as p.p. to them, till later the f. L 1st conj. (plantation, plant, not plantate ;
native -ed was added -ated also appears with-
; modify, not modificate), a few no vb (duration).
out intervention of vb, as annulated, and as Meanings: (1) vbl action; (2) instance of this;
alternative form to -ate (2) L participial adjj.
; (3) resulting state (i) concrete result (planta-
;

were also formed on nn., as caudatus tailed, tion).

and on adjj. as candidatus white-robed these ; -ative, adj. suf. = -at- + -ive (cf. -atic) ; most
were largely adopted in E, and others formed exx. are f.vbs in -ate as demonstrative, or L
on anal. Many nouns in -ate * were orig. adjj. 1st conj. as affirmative, some f. nouns in -ty
In cordate, ovate, &c, the sense is 'shaped like'. (L st. -tat-) as authoritative, and some on E vbs
-ate 3, suf. forming vbs to correspond to adjj. as talkative.
 :;;

ATLANTIC 52 ATTENDANCE
Atla'ntic, a. & n. Pertaining to mount Roman house; covered portico, esp. before
Atlas in Libya; hence applied to sea near church door. [L]
western shore of Africa, and later to whole atpd'cious (-shws), a. Heinously wicked
ocean between Europe and Africa on east and very bad, as a. pun. Hence atPO'eiousLY 2
America on west; (n.) Atlantic ocean, [f. L f. adv., atro'ciousNESS n. [f. L atrox -ocis
Gk Atlantikos f. foil.] (ater black) + -ous]
a'tlas, n. Volume of maps large size of atPO'eity, n. Heinous wickedness atrocious
; ;

drawing paper; (Physiol.) uppermost cervical deed bad blunder, [f. L atrocitas (as prec,
;

vertebra, supporting skull. [Atlas -antos (1) see -ty)]

Greek god of the older family, who held up a'tpophy, n. Wasting away through im-
pillars of universe (2) the mountain in Libya,
;
perfect nourishment; emaciation (lit. & fig.).
regarded as supporting the heavens] Hence a'tpophy v.t. & i. [f. F atrophie f. L
atmo- in comp. = Gk atmos vapour, as -logy, f. Gk atrophia f. atrophos ill-fed (a- not +
science of aqueous vapour, -lysis, separation of trophe food)]
vapours, -meter (for measuring evaporation). a'tpopine, n. Poisonous alkaloid found in
a'tmosphere, n. Spheroidal gaseous en- deadly nightshade. [f. atropa deadly night-
velope surrounding heavenly body that sur- shade f. Gk Atropos inflexible, name of one of
;

rounding earth one surrounding any sub- the Fates, see -ine 5]
;

stance mental or moral environment air (in

; atta'ch, v.t. & i. Fasten (thing to another)
;

any place) (w. pi.) pressure of 151b. on square join oneself (to person, company, expedition)
;

inch (that exerted by atmosphere on earth's affix (immaterial things, name, liability, &c,
surface). Hence atmosphe'Pic(AL) aa., at- to) attribute (importance &c to) (Law) seize
; ;

mosphe'riealLY a adv. [f. atmo - + Gk (person, property) by legal authority adhere, ;

sphaira ball] be incident, as no blame attaches to. Hence

ato'll (or a*t-), n. Ring-shaped coral reef atta'ch able a. [f. OF atachier (mod. at-
enclosing lagoon. [Maldive atollon, atoll, tacher, It. attaccare) f. a, to + root found in
prob.= Malayalam adal closing] Genevese tache, Sp. and Port, tacha, nail, tack]
a'tom, n. Body too small to be divided ; atta'ehe 1 (-sha), n. One attached to am-
physical a., supposed ultimate particle of bassador's suite. [F, p.p. of attacher (as prec)]
* matter; chemical aa., smallest particles in atta'chment, n. Act of attaching; thing
1
which elements combine with themselves or attached means of attaching affection legal
; ; ;

each other minute portion small thing, [f.

; ; seizure, esp. foreign a. (of foreigner's goods, to
F atome f. L f. Gk atomos indivisible {a- not+ satisfy his creditors), [f. F attachement (at-

-tomos cut f. temno)] tacher ATTACH, See -MENT)]

ato'mic, Of, pertaining to, atoms
a. a. ; atta'ek , v.t. Fall upon, assault, (lit. & fig.)
1

philosophy, doctrine of formation of all things (of physical agents or diseases) act destructively
from indivisible particles endued with gravity upon. Hence atta'ckABLE a. [f. F attaquer
and motion (Chem.) a. theory (that elemental f. It. attaccare, see attach]
;

bodies consist of indivisible atoms of definite atta'ek 2, n. Act of attacking (lit. & fig.);
relative weight, and that atoms of different offensive operation, [f. prec]
elements unite with each other in fixed pro- attai'n, v.t. & i. Arrive at, reach gain, ;

portions, which determine the proportions in accomplish (intr.) a. to, arrive at. Hence ;

which elements and compounds enter into attainaBiLiTY, attai'nableNESs, nn., at-
chemical combination) ; unit of a. tceight, tai'nABLE a. [f. OF ataign- st. of ataindre f.
weight of an atom of hydrogen. Hence ato'm- L ATtingere (tangere touch)]
iCAL a., ato'miealLY 2 adv. [prec. -f -ic] attainder, n. Consequences of sentence of
atomi'eity, n. Combining capacity of an death or outlawry (forfeiture of estate, cor-
element, number of atoms of hydrogen with ruption of blood, extinction of civil rights).
which one of its atoms normally combines, [f. [OF ataindre attain used as n. meaning in- ;

prec, see -ty] fluenced by confus. w. OF taindre taint]

a'tomism, n. Atomic philosophy doctrine attainment, n. Act of attaining thing
; ;

of action of individual atoms, [atom + -ism] attained, esp. personal accomplishment, [at-
a'tomist, n. Holder of atomic theory or tain + -MENT]
philosophy. Hence atomi'stic a. [atom + -ist] attai'nt, v.t. Subject to attainder (of dis- ;

a'tomize, v.t. Reduce to atoms. Hence eases &c) strike, affect infect sully, [f. obs. ; ;

atomizA'TioN n. [atom + -ize] attaint a. f. OF ataint p.p. as attain con- ;

a'tomizep, n. (nied.). Instrument for re- fused in meaning with taint]

ducing liquids to fine spray, [prec. + -er 1 ] a'ttap, n. Fragrant essential oil from rose-
a'tomy *, n. Skeleton emaciated body. [f. petals, [f. Pers. atar(-gal) essence (of roses) f.
;
'

anatomy, an- being taken as article] Arab, 'utur aroma f. 'atara breathe per-
a'tomy 2 n. Atom, tiny being, [f. atomi pi. fume]
,

L atomus atom]
of atte'mpep, v.t. Qualify by admixture ;

ato'ne, v.t. & Make reconcilement, satis- modify temperature

i. of soothe, mollify
; ac- ;

faction, (for offender, for offence) (archaic) commodate to

; ; attune to temper (metal).
;

expiate (offence); (t. & i.) harmonize. Hence Hence atte'mpePMENT n. [f. OF atemprer f.
ato'ne.MENT n. [at + ONE,=set atone, unite] L ATtemperare]
atd'nie, a. & n. Unaccented, unstressed atte'mpt 1 , v.t. Try (thing, action, to do);
;

(Path.) wanting tone (n.) unaccented word

; try to master (enemy, fortress) a. the life of, ;

(esp. in Gk Gram.), [f. med. L atonicus f. Gk try to kill. Hence atte'mptABLE a. [f. OF
atonos toneless (a- not + tonos) tone, see -ic] attempter, f. L A'ttemptare strive after]
atc-'p, adv. On the top (of), [a prep.] attempt 2, n. Attempting endeavour, [f. ;

atrabrlious, a. Affected by black bile; prec]

melancholy acrimonious. Hence atrabi*-
; atte'nd, v.t. & i. Turn the mind to apply ;

Housness n. [f. L atra bilis black bile + oneself (to or abs.) be present (at) wait upon ; ; ;

-ous, after L biliosus bilious] (trans.) wait upon escort, accompany be pre- ; ;

atri'p, adv. (Of anchor) just lifted from sent at (lecture &c). [f. OF atendre i. L at-
ground in weighing, [a prep. + trip] tendere -tent- stretch]
a'trium, n. (pi. -a, -urns). Central court of attendance, n. Act of attending {upon
 ; ;

ATTENDANT 5H AUDITION
person, at lecture) dance a. on, attend the ; ing only at infinitesimal distances) ; capillary
convenience of body of persons present, [f. ; a. (by which liquid is drawn up through hair-
OF atendance (as prec, see -ance)] like tube). [F, f. L attractionem (as prec, see
attendant, a. & n. Waiting (upon) ; ac- -ION)]
companying, as a. circumstances ; present, as attra'ctive, a. Attracting, capable of at-
a. croicd ;
(n.) servant, satellite. [OF, part, as tracting (esp. fig.). Hence attpa'etiveLY 2
ATTEND] adv., attpa'etiveNESs n. [F (-if, -ive), as prec,
attention, Act
of attending, as pay,
n. see -ive]
give, a. ; faculty of attending, as attract, call, attribute Quality ascribed to any-
1
, n.
a. ; consideration, care ; (pi.) ceremonious thing; material object recognized as appro-
politeness come to, ; stand at, a. (military atti- priate to person or office characteristic ;

tude of readiness), [f. L attentio (as attend, quality; (Gram.) attributive word. [f. L at-
see -ion)] (tribuere -ut- assign)]
attentive, a. Heedful, observant polite, attri'bute 2 ; , v.t. Ascribe as belonging or
assiduous. Hence attentively a adv., at- appropriate to ; refer (effect to its cause) ; assign
te'ntiveNESS n. [F (-if, -ive), f. L as attend, (to time or place). Hence attpi'butABLE a.
see -ive)] [as prec]
attenuate 1
, v.t. slender; make
Make attribution, n. of attributing; Act
thin in consistency ; reduce in force or value. authority granted (to
a ruler &c). [F, f. L
So attenuA'TiON n. [f. L ATtenuare (tenuis attributionem (as prec, see -ion)]
thin), see -ate 3
]
attpi'butive, a. n. &
(Logic) assigning an
attenuate 2 (-at), a. Slender rarefied,
; [as attribute to a subject; (Gram.) expressing an
prec, see -ate 2 ]
attribute (e. g. old in the old dog but not in the
attest, v.t. i. &
Testify, certify; put (per- dog is old); (n.) word denoting an attribute (usu.
son) on oath or solemn declaration (intr.) bear ;
an adjective or its equivalent). Hence at-
witness to. Hence atte'stOR 2 n. [f. F attester tpi'butiveLY 2 adv. [F (-if, -ive), as attri-
f. L ATtestari (testis witness)] bute \ see -ive]
attestation, n. Act of testifying ; testi- attprted, a. Worn by friction, [f. L at-
mony ; evidence ; formal confirmation by signa- (terere trit- rub)]
ture, oath, &c. ; administration of an oath. [F, attrition, n. Friction; abrasion; (Theol.)
f. L attestationem (as prec, see -ation)] sorrow for sin (short of contrition), [f. L
A'ttie \ a. n. &
Of Athens or Attica ; A. attritio (as prec, see -ion)]
(dialect), Greek spoken by the Athenians; A. attu'ne, v.t. Bring into musical accord (to,
salt, wit, refined wit ; A. order, square column lit.& fig.) tune (instrument), [at- + tune v.]
;

of any of the five orders, [f. L f. Gk Attikos] aubade (obah'd), n. Musical announcement
a'ttie 2, n. Structure consisting of small of dawn. [F]
order placed above another of greater height auberge (obar'zh), n. Inn. [F]
(us a. Attic) highest story of house ; room in
; au'bupn, a. Golden-brown (usu. of hair),
this. [f. F attique, as prec] [f.OF auborne L albui-nus whitish] f.
a'ttieism, n. Style, idiom, of Athens; re- au'etion, Public sale in which articles
n.
fined amenity of speech attachment to Athens. ; are sold to the highest of successive bidders*,
So a*ttieiZE (2) v.i. [f. Gk attikismos] Dutch a., sale in which price is reduced by
attire*, v.t., & n. Dress, array, [(n. f. vb) f. auctioneer till a purchaser is found, [f. L
OF atirer (a to + tire, see tier)] audio increase, auction (augere auct-, see -ion)]
attitude, n. Disposition of figure (in paint- auctioneer*, n., & v.i. (One whose business
ing &c posture of body, as strike an a. (assume
) ;
is to) conduct auctions, [-eer]
it theatrically); settled behaviour, as indicating auda'cious, a. Daring, bold impudent. ;

opinion a. of mind, settled mode of thinking.

; Hence auda'ciousLY 2 adv., auda'cious-
[F, f. It. attitudine fitness, posture, f. med. L ness, audi "city, nn. [f. L audax (audere
aptitudinem (aptus fit, see -tude)] dare, see -acious)]
attitu'dinize, v.i. Practise attitudes speak, ; au'dible, a. Perceptible to the ear. Hence
write, behave, affectedly, [f. prec. + -ize] au'dibLY 2 adv., audiBiLiTY, au'dible-
attor'n (-ern), v.t. &i. (law). Transfer make ; ness, nn. [f. med. L audibilis (audire hear, see
legal acknowledgment of new landlord. Hence -ble)]
attop'nMENT n. [f. OF atorner (a to + tourner au'dience, n. Hearing; give a., listen;
TURN)] formal interview; persons within hearing;
attop'ney 1 (-er-), n. One appointed to act ' assembly of listeners (of a book) readers. [F ;

for another in business or legal matters ; A.- (refash. on L), f. OF oiance f. L audientia
General, legal officer empowered to act in all (audire hear, see -ence)]
cases in which the state is a party. Hence audio'metep, n. Kind of telephone for
attop'neysHip n. [f. OF atome p.p. as testing hearing-power, [f. L audire hear + -o-
attorn] + -meter]
attop'ney 2 Letter, warrant, of A.-
(-er-), n. au'diphone, n. Instrument that, pressed
(by which person appoints another to act for against upper teeth, assists hearing, [improp.
him) ; Power ofA., authority thus conferred, f. L audire hear + Gk phone sound, on tele-
[f. OF atornee fern, p.p., see prec] phone]
attpa'et, v.t. Draw to oneself (esp. of physi- au'dit \ n. Official examination of accounts
cal forces) excite the pleasurable emotions of
; searching examination, esp. Day of Judgment
(person) draw forth and fix upon oneself
; periodical settlement of accounts between
(attention &c). Hence attpaetaBixiTY n., landlord and tenants a. ale (of special quality, ;

attPa'etABLE a. [f. L ATttrahere tract- draw)] brewed in English Universities, orig. for use
attraction, n. Act, faculty, of drawing to on day of a.) a.-house, -room, (attached to
;

oneself (lit. &

fig.); drawing force; thing that Cathedral for transaction of business), [f. L
attracts (fig.) a. of gravity (existing between
; auditus -us hearing (audire -it-)]
all bodies, and varying directly as their masses, au'dit 2 , v.t. Examine (accounts) officially,
inversely as the square of their distance apart) [f. prec]
magnetic a., action of magnet in drawing iron audi'tion, n. Power of hearing ; listening,
molecular a. (between molecules of bodies, act- [f. L auditio (audire -it-, see -ion)]
 ; ;; ;

AUDITIVE 54 AUROCHS
au'ditive, a. Concerned with hearing. [F Augsburg) (n.) writer of the Augustan age of
;

{-if, -ive), as prec., see -ive] any literature, [f. L Augustanus, see -an]
au'ditop, n. Listener one who audits ; auk, n. Northern sea-bird, with short wings
accounts. Hence airditopsmp, au'ditPESs
l
,
used only as paddles, [cogn. with Swed. alka,
nn. [f. AF
auditour f. L auditor (as prec, Da. alfce, f. ON alka]
see -or 2 )] au'lic, a. Pertaining to a court A. Council. ;

auditorial, a. Connected with an audit, (in old German empire)

personal council of
[f. L auditorius (as prec, see -ory) + -al] emperor, (now) council managing Austrian
au'ditopy, a. & n. Connected with hearing ;
war-department. [f. F aulique f. L f Gk .

received hy the ear assembly of hearers, ; aulikos (aide court, see -ic)]
audience (also -orium) part of building occu-
;
au nature'/ (F), adv. or pred. a. (Cooked)
pied by audience. If. L auditorius, -um, (as in the simplest way.
prec, see -ory)] aunt Father's, mother's, sister;
(ahnt), n.
ou fait (6 fa"), pred. a. Conversant, in- uncle's wife ; A. Sally, game at
fairs, in which
structed ;puta person aufait of, instruct him players throw sticks at pipe in mouth of
wooden woman's head. [f. OF aunte (Prov.
Augean, a. Filthy, like the stables of amda) f. L amita ; E up to 17th c had also
Augeas, which Hercules cleansed by turning naunt (my naunt = mine aunt), still used in
river Alpheus through them. [f. L Augeas f. dial. ; F tante perh. - ta ante]
Gk Augeias + -an] au pied de la iettre (6 pya de lah letr),
au'gep Tool for boring holes in
(-g-), n. adv. Literally. [F]
wood, having long shank with cutting edge au'pa, n. Subtle emanation (from flowers
and screw point, and handle at right angles &c); (Electr.) current of air caused by dis-
instrument for boring in soil or strata, with charge of electricity from a sharp point (Path.) ;

stem that can be lengthened. [OE nafugar sensation as of current of cold air rising from
(nafu nave + gar piercer), cf. G naber, Du. some part of body to head, premonitory symp-
avegaar for loss of n- cf. adder]
;
tom in epilepsy and hysterics. Hence au'pal l
aug-ht (awt), n. adv. Anything; (adv., & [-al] a. [L f. Gk,=breeze, breath]
archaic) in any degree or respect. [OE dwiht au'pal 2 a. Pertaining to organ of hearing
,

{a ever + wiht wight, whit) ; later dht, OE received by the ear. Hence au'palLY 2 adv.
gives mod. ought, now less usu. form] [f.L auris ear + -al]
au'gment 1
, n. Vowel (in Sanskrit a, in aupe'lia, n. (Formerly) chrysalis, esp. of
Greek e) prefixed to past tenses in the older butterfly (Zool.) genus of phosphorescent
;

Aryan languages. [F, f. augmentum in- L marine animals. [It., = silkworm, fern, of
crease (augere, see -ment)] aurelio golden f. L aurum gold]
augme'nt 2 , v.t. & i. Make greater, in- aupe'lian, a. & n. Of an aurelia ; golden ;

crease ;
augment to
prefix the ; (intr.) increase, (n.) collector, breeder, of insects, [prec. + -an]
[f. F augmenter f. L augmentare increase aure'ola, n. Celestial crown won by martyr,
(augmentum, see prec)] virgin, doctor, by victory over world, flesh, or
augmenta'tion, n. Enlargement growth, ;
devil ; = foil. [L (a. corona) golden (crown)
increase ; addition ; (Mus.) repetition of a sub- fern, of aureus (aurum gold)]
aureolus f.

ject in notes double or quadruple those of the au'peole, Aureola; (prop.) gold disk
n.
original. [OF, f. LL augmentationem (aug- surrounding head in early pictures circle of ;

mentare, see prec. and -ation)] light depicted round head oblong glory sur- ;

augrne'ntative, a. n. Having the pro- & rounding divine figures actual halo, esp. that ;

perty of increasing; (Gram., of affixes or de- seen in eclipses, [f. prec]

rived words) increasing in force the idea of the au revoir (6 revwar"), adv. (Good-bye) till
original word ; (n.) augmentative word. [F (-if, we meet again. [F]
-ive), f. L as augment, see -ative] au'Pic, a. Pertaining to gold; (Chem.) in
au'gup 1 , n. Roman religious official who which gold combines as a triad, [f. L aurum
foretold future events by omens derived from gold, see -ic]
the actions of birds, appearance of victims' en- au'piele, n. External ear of animals ; pro-
trails, celestial phenomena, &c ; soothsayer. cess shaped like lower lobe of ear ; either
Hence au'gUPSHiP n. [L, perh. f. avis bird + of the two upper cavities of the heart. Hence
-gar, conn. w. gar r ire talk, Skr. gar shout, au*pielED 2 a. [f. foil.]
make known] aupi'cula, n. Species of primula, bear's-
au'gur 2 v.t. , & i. Forebode, anticipate ; ear genus of molluscs.
;
[L, = external ear,
a. well, have good or bad expectations of, dim. of auris ear]
ill,
for it augurs (promises) ill. [f. prec]
; aupi'culap, a. Pertaining to the ear; told
au'gural, a. Pertaining to augurs signifi- privately in the ear, as a. confession a. wit-
; ;

cant of the future, [f. L auguralis (augur \ ness, one who tells what he has heard per- ;

see -al)] taining to auricle of heart; shaped like an

au'gupy, n. Divination by flight of birds auricle. Hence aupi'culaPLY 2 adv. [f. L
&c augural ceremony omen presentiment auricularis (auricula, see -ar 1 )]
; ; ;

promise, [f. OF augurie f. L augurium (augur 1 )j aupi'culate, a. With ear-shaped projections,

augu'st a. Majestic, venerable. Hence
1
, [as prec, see -ate 2]
augu'stLY 2 adv., augu'stNESS n. [f. L aupi'ferous, a. Yielding gold. [f. L aurifer
augustus consecrated, venerable, prob. f. (aurum gold + -fer producing) + -ous]
augur] au'pifopm, a. Ear-shaped, [f. L auris
Au'gust 2 , n. Eighth month of year, named ear + -form]
afterAugustus Caesar, [earlier Aust f. OF n. Northern constellation, the Aupl'ga,
aoust f. L augustus (see prec), re fash, on Waggoner. [L, = charioteer]
L] au'Pilave, n. Instrument for cleaning ears,
Augu'stan, a. & n. Connected with reign [f. L auris ear 4- lavare wash]
of Augustus Caesar, best period of Latin au'pist, n. Ear specialist, [as prec + -ist]
literature (of any national literature) classical
; au'pochs (ow-, aw-; -ks), n. Extinct wild
A. confession (drawn up by Luther and ox (improp.) European bison. [G OTeut. ; ;

Melanchthon at Augusta Vindelicorum or *urus, etym. dub., + ochs ox J

 ; ;;

AURORA AUTOMATON
aurop'a, n. Luminous atmospheric (prob. au'thorize, v.t. Sanction; give ground for,
phenomenon radiating from earth's
electrical) justify, (thing) give authority to, commission,
;

northern (a. borealis) or southern (australis)
magnetic pole ; dawn ; colour of sky at sun-
rise; A., Roman goddess of dawn. Hence
auror'AL a, [L = dawn, goddess of dawn]
au'rous, a. (chem.). In which gold combines
as a monad, [f. L aurum + -ous]
au'rum, n. Gold ; a. fulminans, fulminate
of gold a. mo.saicum, bisulphide of tin, bronze-
; dent(ly)', in wds f. Gk and new formations, as
powder ; a. potabile, drinkable gold (once in
repute as a cordial). [LJ
ausculta'tion, n. Act of listening, esp.
(Med.) to movement of heart, lungs, &c. So
au'seultatoR 2 n., auseu'ltatORY a. [f. L
auscultare listen to (etym. dub.), see -ation]
>Iusjj/e#c/i(ow*sglJch),
between Austria and Hungary,
every tenth year. [G]
au'spicate, v.t. & i. Inaugurate, initiate
(intr.) augur, [f. L auspicari (ausjpex -ids
observer of birds for avispex f. avis bird +
-.spec- observe), see -ate 3 ]
au'spice (-Is), n. Observation of birds for
purposes of taking omens prognostic pros-
f>erous lead, patronage, as under the aa. of.
(person to do). Hence au'thorizABLE a.,
authorizA'Tiox n. [f. F autoriser f. med. L
auctorizarc (auctor, see author and -ize)]
au'thorship, n. Occupation, career, as a
writer; origin (of book), [-ship]
auto- in comp. - Gk auto- (autos self), in
sense 'self, one's own, by oneself, indepen-
-car'pous, consisting of pericarp alone, -gamy,
self-fertilization, -genous, self -producing, -geny,
-#o?i#,spontaneousgeneration, -mor'phic, -mor'-
phism, ascribing (of) one's own characteristics
to another, -phagous, -phagy, feeding on
oneself (by absorption of tissues, during starva-
n. Political agreement tion), -plasty, repair of wounds with tissue
renewable from same body.
autobio'grapher, n. One who writes his
; own history, [auto-]
autobiog-ra'phic, a. Pertaining to, en-
gaged in, autobiography. Hence autobio-
gra'phic al a. .autobiogra'phical l y 2 ad v.
[auto-1
; ; autobio'graphy, n. Writing the story of
one'sown life story so written, [auto-]
;

f. L auspicium (auspex, see prec.)] au'toear, n. Road vehicle driven by

auspi'cious, a. Of good omen, favourable mechanical power, [auto-]
prosperous. Hence auspi'ciousLV 2 adv., autoce'phalous, a. Having its own head
auspi'ciousNESS n. [as prec. + -ous] (of bishop, church) independent, Gk [f. auto-
austere*, a. Harsh, stern ; stringently kephalos (auto- + kephale head) + -ous]
moral, strict severely simple harsh in flavour.
; ; auto'chthon (-k-), n. (usu. pi. ; -ones, -ons).
Hence austere'LY 2 adv., austere'NESS, Original, earliest known, inhabitants ; abori-
auste'riTV, nn. [OF, f. L f. Gk austeros gines. Hence auto'chthon at., autoeh-
drying, harsh (auo v. dry)] tho'nic, autochthonous, aa., auto'ch-
atrstral, Southern, a. [f. L australis thonis.M, auto'chthon y 1 nn. [Gk, = sprung ,

(Auster south wind, see -al)] from that land itself (auto--t khthon -onos
Australa'sian, a. & n. (Xative) of Aus- land)]
tralasia (Australia and adjoining islands), [f. auto'craey, n. Absolute government con- ;

Australasia f. F Australasie (L australis, trolling influence, [f. Gk autokrateia (as

see prec+^Lsia) -f -an] AUTOCRAT)]
Australian, n. & a. Native of, colonist or au'tocrat, n. Absolute ruler A. of all the ;

resident Australia; (adj.) of Australia,

in, [f. Mussias (title of the Czar). So autocra'tic(AL)
F Australien f. L as austral] aa.,autoera'ticalLY 2 adv. [f. F autocrate
authentic, Reliable, trustworthy; of
a. f. Gk
autokrates (auto- +kratos might)]
undisputed origin, genuine; (Mus., of ecclesi- auto'cratrix, n. Female autocrat, title of
astical mode*) having their sounds comprised empresses of Russia ruling in their own right.
within an octave from the final. Hence [Latinized fern, of Gk autokrator (auto- +
authe'ntiCALLv adv.. authenti'eiTY n. [f. kratos might)J
OF autentiquef. L f. Gk authentikos f. auth- auto-da-fe' (-dahfa), p. (pi. autos-da-fe).
entes one who
does a thing himself (auto- + Sentence of the Inquisition execution of this, ;

-hentes, cf. sunentes fellow-worker), see -ic] esp. burning of heretic. [Port., = act of the
authenticate, v.t. Establish the truth of faith ; also Sp. -de-fe]
establish the authorship of make valid. ; au'tograph *, n. Author's own manuscript
Hence authentic a tion, authe'ntieatOR 2 , person's own handwriting, esp. signature copy ;

nn. [f. med. L authenticate (authenticus), see produced by autography. Hence auto-
prec. and -ate 3] g ra*phic(AL) aa., autog-ra'phicalLY 2 adv.
,

au'thor, n. Originator (of a condition of [f. L f. Gk autographon neut. of autographos

things, event, &c); writer of book, treatise, &c. (auto- + -graphos written)]
(loosely) author's writings. Hence au'thor- au'tograph ?, v.t. Write with one's own
ess 1 n., authoriAL a. [f. AF autour f. OF hand copy by autography sign. [f. prec]
; ;

autor f. L auctor (augere auct- increase, origin- auto'graphy, n. Writing with one's own
ate, promote, see -or 2) auth- at first a scribal ; hand author's own handwriting lithographic
; ;

var. of aut-] reproduction of writing or drawing, [as prec,

autho'ritative, a. Commanding, impera- see -Y ]
]
tive;possessingauthority; proceeding from com- automa'tie, a. Self-acting ; working of
petent authority. Hence autho'ritativeLY 2 itself (as machinery) mechanical, unconscious
;

adv., autho'ritativexESS n. [f. foll.+-ATivE] unintelligent, merely mechanical. Hence

autho'rity, n. Power, right, to enforce automa'ticAL a., automa'ticalLY 2 adv.,
obedience delegated" power (to do, /or an act, automati'eiTY n. [f. automaton + -ic]
;

"orabsD^ person having authority personal auto'matism, n. Involuntary action doc- ; ;

influence, esp. over opinion ; weight of testi- trine attributing this to animals unthinking ;

mony book, quotation, considered to settle

; routine ; faculty of originating action or motion,
a question person whose opinion is accepted,
; [f. foil. + -ISM]
esp. expert in (on) a subject, [f. F autorite f. autd'maton, n. (pi. -a, -ons). Thing endued
L auctoritatem (auctor, see author and -ty)] with spontaneous motion ; living being viewed

For other words in auto- see auto-.

 ; ;;

AUTOMOBILE 56 AVOID
materially piece of mechanism with concealed
;
a.,plant of same genus, [f. OF avence etym.
motive power living being whose actions are
;
dub.]
involuntary or without active intelligence. ave'nturine, -in, n. Brownish glass with
Hence auto'matous a. [f. Gk Automaton, gold spangles, manufactured first at Murano
neut. adj., acting of itself] near Venice variety of quartz resembling
;

automobile (-el), n. Autocar. [F] this. [F, f. It. avventurino (avventura chance,
auto'nomous, a. Of, possessed of, auto- from its accidental discovery)]
nomy, Gk AUTO(nomos law) + -ous]
[f. avenue, n. Way of approach (usu. fig.)
auto'nomy, n. Right of self-government; approach to country house bordered by trees
personal freedom; freedom of the will (in roadway marked by trees or other objects at
Kantian doctrine); a self-governing community. regular intervals; (esp. in U.S) wide street.
So autono'mic a. auto'nomisT n. [f. Gk [F, fern. p.p. (used as n.) of avenir f. L ad-
autonomia, as prec] venire come to]
auto'psy (or aw't-), n- Personal inspection ;
aver', v.t. (-rr-). Assert, affirm (Law) prove ;

post-mortem examination; (fig.) critical dis-
section. So auto'ptic(AL) aa. [f. Gkautopsia
f.autoptos (auto-) 4- op- see]
au'totype, n. Facsimile permanent photo-
graphic printing process for reproducing in
a plea. Hence aver'FABLE a. [f. F averer f.
LL *AX>verare verify (verus true)]
a'veragre 1 (-Ij), n. Generally prevailing rate,
;
degree, amount; ordinary standard; medial
estimate, as on an a. apportionment of loss of
;

monochrome. Hence au'totype

[auto-]
au'tumn (-in), n. Third season of the year,
August, September, October (Astr., Sep. 21 to
Dec. 21); (fig.) season of incipient decay, [f.
OF autompne f. L autumnus, etym. dub.)
v.t. ship, cargo, or freight, through unavoidable
accident (particular a.) or through inten-
tional damage to ship or sacrifice of cargo
(general a.), among the owners or insurers,
[etym. dub. F avarie, Sp. aveHa, Du. avarij,
;

autu'mnal, a. Of autumn a. equinox, ; haverij, G hafarei; pern, conn. w. OF aveir

time when sun crosses equator as it proceeds goods, see avoirdupois]
southward (Sep. 23); maturing, blooming, in a'vepag"© 2* a. Estimated by average; of
autumn ;
past prime of life. [f. L autumnalis the usual standard. Hence a'verageL y 2 adv.
(as prec, see -al)] [f. prec]
auxi'liapy, a. & n. (One
helpful to a'verage 3, v.t. Estimate the average of
who is) ;

(Mil.) a. troops, aa., foreign or allied troops in (by dividing the aggregate of several quan-
a riation's service; (Gram.) a. (verb), one used tities by the number of quantities) ; estimate
to form tenses, moods, voices, of other verbs, the general standard of; amount on an average
[f. L auxiliarius (auxilium help, see -ary *)] to a. (work on an average) six hours a day. ;

avai'l 1 , v.t. i. &

Afford help be of value or [as prec] ;

profit; (trans.) help, benefit; a. oneself of, aver'men t, n. Positive statement, affirma-
profit by, take advantage of. [prob. f. vail f. F tion (Law) offer to prove, proof of, a plea. [f. ;

valoir be worth f. L valere] F avereinent (as aver)]

avai'l 2, n. Use, profit, only in phrr. of a., of averrunca'tor, n. Instrument for cutting
no a., without a., to little a. [f. prec] off branches of trees high above head. [f. obs.
available, a. Capable of being used, at vb averruncate, f. L averruncare (a off 4-
one's disposal, within one's reach. Hence verruncare turn), but wrongly explained as
availaBiLiTY, avai'lablexESS, nn., avai'l- f. eruncare weed out]
abLY 2 adv. [avail v. + -able] aver'se, a. Opposed, disinclined, (to, from)
a'valanche (-sh), n. Mass of snow, earth, unwilling (to do). Hence aver'seNESS n. [f.
and ice, descending swiftly from mountain L as avert]
(also fig.). [F, dialect, form of avalance f. aver'sion, n. Dislike, antipathy, (to, from,
avaler descend (a val to the valley), see -ance] for) unwillingness (to do) object of dislike, ; ;

avani'a (-nea), n. (Extortionate) tax levied as pet a. [f. L aversio (as avert, see -ion)]
by Turks, [etym. dub. common in Levant] ; avert, v.t. Turn away (eyes, thoughts,
avant-eourier tavo'ng-kdbTier), n. One from) ward off. Hence avep'tiBLE, -able, ;

who runs, rides, before; esp. (pi.) scouts, ad- aa. [f. F avertir f. LL avertere, L -ere (a away
vance-guard, [f. F avant-coureur (avant be- + vertere vers- turn) cf. advert] ;

fore + coureur runner f. courir)] a*vian, a. Pertaining to birds, [f. L avis

a'vapice, n. Greed of gain, cupidity; (fig.) bird + -an)
eager desire togetor keep. Hence avari'eio us a'viapy, n. Place for keeping birds, [f. L
a., avari'eiousLY 2 adv. [OF, f. L avaritia aviarium (as prec, see -arium)]
(avarus greedy, see -ice)] a'viate, v.i. Manage or travel in dirigible
ava*st, int. (naut.). Stop cease, [prob. f. balloon, airship, flying-machine, &c. So avi-
;

Da. houd vast hold fast] a'tion, a'viatOR 2 nn. [f. L avis bird, -ate 3 ] ,

avatar', n. (Hind. Myth.) descent of deity a'vid, a. Eager, greedy (of, for). Hence
to earth in incarnate form incarnation mani- a'vidLY 2 adv. [f. L avidxis (avere crave)]
; ;

festation, display phase, ; [f. Skr. avatara avi'dity, n. Ardent desire, greed, [f. F
descent (ava down + tar- pass over)] aviditt f. L aviditatem (as prec, see -ty)]
avau'nt, int. Begone, [f. F avant forward a'vifauna, n. Birds (of district, country)
f. LL ab-ante before (L ab from + ante before)] collectively, [f. L avis bird + fauna]
a*ve (-1), int. n. &
Welcome farewell avi'so (-ezo), n. Advice-boat. [Sp., f. L
;

shout of welcome or farewell A. Maria (Hail, advisum, see advice]

;

Mary), devotional recitation (Luke i. 28, 42) and avizandum, n. (Sc Law). Private con-
prayer to the Virgin a.-bell, rung when this is sideration, [med. L, gerund otavizare consider]
;

to be said. [L, 2nd sing, imper. of avere fare avoca'tion, n. Distraction minor occu- ;

well] pation vocation, calling, [f. L avocatio ;

ave'nge, v.t. Inflict retribution, exact (avocare call away, see -ation)]
satisfaction, on behalf of (person, violated a'voeet, -set, n. Wading bird allied to
right, &c.) be avenged, a. oneself; take ven- snipe, [f. F avocette t. It. avosetta]
;

geance for (injury), [f. OF avengier (a, to + avoi'd, v.t. Shun, refrain from (thing, doing) ;

vengier f. L vindicare)] escape, evade (Law) defeat (pleading), quash ;

a'vens, n. Wood a., herb bennet; water (sentence). Hence avoi'dABLE a. [f. AF
 ; ;;

AVOIDANCE 57 AY
avoider f. OF evuider clear out, get quit of (es awful, a. Inspiring awe; worthy of pro-
out + vuidier f. vuit, vuide, void)] found respect ; solemnly impressive ; (archaic)
avoi'dance, n. Act of avoiding; vacancy reverential (slang) notable in its kind, as a.
;

(of office, benefice), [prec. -ance] + scrawl, bore, relief, something a. Hence aw-
avoirdupois (a'verdiipoi'z), a. & n. A. fulLY adv., awfulNESS n. [awe l -f -ful]
2

{weight), system of weights used in Great awhi'le, adv. For a short time. [OE dnc
Britain for all goods except precious metals hwile a while]
& stones, & medicines A. pound contains ; awkward, a. Ill-adapted for use ; clumsy
7,000 grains ; (U.S.) weight, heaviness, [recent (person, thing) bungling; embarrassing; diffi-
;

corrupt, of avoir-de-pois f. AF, OF, aveir de cult, dangerous, to deal with. Hence aw'k-
peis (aveir, avoir, goods, property, f. L habere wardiSH (2) a. awkwardLY 2 ad v. aw'k-
l
, ,

have + de of + pois, peis, weight f. 1, pension)] wardxESS n. [f. obs. adj. awk back-handed,
avou'ch (-ow-), v.t. & i. Guarantee affirm ; ; untoward (prob. f. ON afug turned the wrong
confess. Hence avou'chMENT n. [f. OF way) + -ward]
avochier f. L AUvocare (in legal use) call upon as awl, n. Small tool for pricking, pricker, esp.
defender] that used by shoemakers. [OE ael, cf. OHG ala,
avow, v.t. Admit, confess; (refl. & pass.) G ahle]
admit oneself to be, as a. himself the author, awn, n. Spinous process, beard, terminat-
the avou-ed author. Hence avow'ABLE a., ing grain-sheath of barley, oats, &c. Hence
avow'AL n., avowedLY 2 adv. [f. F avouer awned l [-ed 2
], awnLESS, aa. [prob. f. ON
(a to + vouer f. LL votare frequent, of vovere ogn pi. agnar ; cf. OHG aga.no, G ahne]
vow)] awning 1

, n. Canvas roof, esp. above deck

avu'lsion, n. Tearing away (Law) sudden ; of vessel (Naut.) poop-deck beyond bulkhead
;

removal of land by flood &c. to another per- of cabin; shelter. Hence 2 [-ed 2 a.
] awned
son's estate, [f. L avulsio (avellere -vuls- [pern. f. F auvent, etym. dub.]
pluck away)] awry (aW), adv. & a. Crookedly, askew
avu'nculap, a. Of, resembling, an uncle. look a., look askance (lit. & fig.); amiss, im-
[f.L avunculus maternal uncle (dim. of avus properly; go, run, tread, a., do wrong; (adj.,
grandfather) + -ar l
] usu. pred.) crooked (lit. & fig.), [a prep. + wry]
awai't, v.t. Wait for ; (of things) be in store ax(e), n. Chopping-tool, usually iron with
for. [f. OXF awaitier (a to + xcaitier, OF steel edge & wooden handle put the a. in the ;

guaitier, see wait v.)] helve, solve a puzzle (U.S. politics) an a. to ;

awa'ke 1
, v.t. & i. (past awoke, p.p. awoke, grind, private ends to serve. [com.-Teut. OE ;

awaked). become active

Cease to sleep ; (fig.) ; sex, OHG acchus, G ax, axt akin to Gk axine ;

a. to, become conscious ofrouse from sleep ; & perh. L ascia]

(lit. & fig.). [(1) OE awxcnan, awoc, awacen, a'xial, a. Forming, belonging to, an axis ;

(a- prob. = on) of which present tense was

; round an axis. Hence axia'liTY n., a'xialLY 2
early treated as weak vb, with past awaecnede, adv. [f. axis + -al]
whence awaken, awakened (2) OE awacian, a'xil, n. Upper angle between leaf & stem it
;

awacode, in form a compd of wacian watch, springs from, or between branch & trunk, [f.
but in sense = awxcnan; (3) in OE these were L axilla armpit]
intr. the trans, sense being given by a wecc(e)an,
, a'xile, a. (hot., physiol.) Belonging to the
ME awecche, G erwecken, ousted by awake, axis. [f. axis, see -il]
trans., before 1300] auxiliary, a. Pertaining to the armpit
awa'ke 2 pred. a. Roused from sleep ; not
,
growing from, the axil, [f F axillaire
(Bot. ) in, .

asleep ; vigilant ; a. to, aware of. [short for f. L *axillaris (as axil)]
awaken, orig. p.p. of prec] a'xiom, n. Established principle ; maxim ;

awa-ken, v.t. & i. = awake 1

(lit. & fig.) self-evident truth, [f. F axiome f. L f. Gk
esp. (fig.) arouse (to a sense of), [see awake *] axioma (axioo holdworthy f. axios, see -m)]
award 1 (-awd), v.t. Adjudge; grant, as- axioma'tie, -ieal, aa. Self-evident charac- ;

sign, [f. AF awarder f. OF esguarder f. Rom. terized by axioms full of maxims, aphoristic. ;

*EX(ivardare, -guardare, f. OLG *warden, Hence axioma'tiealLY 2 adv. [f. Gk axio-

OHG warten, watch cf. ward)] ; matikos (axioma -matos), see prec. & -ic, -al]
awar'd 2, n. Judicial decision; payment. a'xis, n. (pi. axes). Imaginary line about
penalty, assigned by this. [AF, f. OF eswart, which a body rotates, or by revolution about
esguart, f. esguarder, see prec] which a plane is conceived as generating a solid
aware*, pred. a. Conscious, knowing, (of, (sphere, cone, cylinder) ; line dividing regular
that). [OE gewxr (OHG gawar, MHG gewar, figure symmetrically ; (Optics) ray passing
G gewahr) f. ge- quite + wzer wary] through centre of eye or lens, or falling per-
away, adv. To, at, a distance from the pendicularly on it; (Physiol.) central core of
place, person, thing, in question (lit. & fig.), as organ or organism; (Bot.) central column of
go a., throw a., give a., he is a., waste a., fool inflorescence or other whorl of growth ; straight
a., explain a. out a., beyond comparison
; & ; line from end to end of a body, as a. of equator
constantly, continuously, as work a., peg a. ; (polar diameter of earth). [L, = axle, pivot]
without delay, as fire a. = go away (imper.) ; a'xle, n. Spindle upon or with which wheel
a. with (imper.), go a. witb, take a. (cannot) a. ; revolves; (in carriages, prop.) slender ends of
with, get on with, tolerate make a. with, ; a.-tree (whole bar connecting wheels), (loosely)
destroy. [OE onweg (phr. on weg on one's way, a. -tree; wheel a., a mechanical power; &
onward, along), in early E used as separable a.-box (in which ends of aa. revolve) a.- ;

vbl prefix] journal, polished end of a. revolving under

awe \ n. Reverential fear or wonder, as bearing in a. -box. Hence a*xlED 2 a. [first
stand in a. of, hold, keep, in a. ; awestruck, found in axle-tree, ON bxxd-tree ( ON oxxdl =
struck with a. Hence awe'LESS, awe'SOME, Goth, ahsulsf. OTeut. ahsd, cogn. w. Skr. aksha,
aa. [f. ON agi ; OE has ege ; both f. agan v. Gk axon, L axis)]
fear] a*xolotl, n. Salamander-like reptile found
awe 2, v.t. Inspire with awe. [f. prec] in Mexican lakes. [Aztec, = servant (xolotl) of
awe 3 , n. One of the float-boards of an water (atl)\
undershot water wheel. [?] ay (i), int. & n. Yes (n.) affirmative answer ;
 ; ;;

AYAH 58 BACHELOR
the ayes have it, affirmative voters are in (secrets). Hence ba'bbleMENT n. [imit. of
majority, [t] infant's ba, ba, + -LE (3); cf. F babiller, LG
ayah Native Hindoo nurse or lady s
(i*a), n. babbelen, G pappelen]
maid. [Ind. vernacular aya f. Port, aia nurse, ba'bble 2 , n. Imperfect speech ; idle talk
fem. of aio tutor] murmur of water &c. [prec.J
aye (a), adv. Ever, always ; on all occa- ba'bbler, Chatterer; teller of secrets;
n.
sions for a., for ever. [ME agg, ai, ei, f. ON
;
Long-legged Thrush, [-er x ]
ei, ey,cogn. w. Goth, aiw f. OTeut. aiwoz, cogn. babe, n. (poet.). Young child, baby; inex-
w. L aevum age cf. Gk aei always] ; perienced or guileless person, [imit. of child's
aye-aye (i'i), n. Squirrel-like animal of the speech, babble]
cf.
size of a cat, found only in Madagascar. [F, f. ba'bel, n. The tower in Shinar (Gen. xi) ; a
Malagasy aiay] high structure visionary plan scene of con-
; ;

,Aza'lea, n. Genus of flowering shrubby fusion, noisy assembly, meaningless noise,

plants, natives of northern hemisphere, [f. Gk [perh. f. Ass. bab-ilu gate of God]
azalea fem. of azaleos dry (from its dry wood babirou'ssa, -ru'ssa (-roo-), n. E.-Asiatic
or the dry soil in which it flourishes)] wild hog with upturned horn-like tusks.
a'zarole, n. Fruit of the Neapolitan medlar, [Malay babi hog+rw.sa. deer]
[f. F
azerole (Sp. azarolla) f. Arab, az-zu rur baboo (bah-), n. (As Hindoo title) Mr Hin- ;

(althe + name of the fruit)] doo gentleman Indian English-writing clerk

; ;

a'zimuth, n. Arc of the heavens extending (contemptuous) half anglicized Hindoo. [Hind.
from the zenith to the horizon, which it cuts babu]
at right angles a.-circle, one of which this is
; baboo'n, n. Large African S. -Asiatic &
a quadrant, passing through zenith & nadir; monkey, [f. 13th-c. F
babuin etym. dub. ]
true a. of a heavenly body, arc of horizon babou'che (-oosh), n. Oriental slipper. [F,
intercepted between north (in Southern hemi- f.Arab, babush f. Pers. paposh (pa loot+posh
sphere, south) point of horizon & the point where covering) iov p=b cf. pasha & bashaw]
;

the great circle passing through the body cuts ba'by, n. Very young child childish ;

the horizon magnetic a., arc intercepted be-

; Eerson, whence ba'byisH * a., ba'byishNESS,
tween this circle & magnetic meridian. Hence ia*byiSM(2), nn. thing small of its kind
;

azimu'thAL a., azimuthalLY 2 adv. [f. F b.-farmer, one who contracts to keep bb. Hence
azimut f. Arab, assumut (al the + sumut pi. of ba'byHOOD n. [babe, -y 3 ]
samt way, direction)] Ba'bylon, n. Capital of Chaldean empire ;

azo'ic, a. Having no trace of life; (Geol.) any great empire or vicious city Rome, the ;

containing no organic remains, [f. Gk azoos papacy (ref. to Rev. xvii &c), London, &c.
(a- not + zoe life) + -ic] Hence Babylo'niAN a. & n. [L, f. Gk Babulon
azo'te, n. Former name of nitrogen. Hence f. Heb. Babel babel]
azd'tica., a*zotiZE(3)v.t. [F, f. Gk «- not+2-66 baccalau'reate (-rlat), n. University
(for zao) live, from its inability to support life] degree of bachelor, [f. med. L baccalaureatus
azure (a*zher, a'zhye?-), n. & a., & v.t. Sky (baccalaureus corrupted after bacca lauri
blue unclouded vault of heaven bright blue
; ; laurelberry f baccalarius bachelor see ate *]
) . ;

pigment; lapis lazuli; (adj.) sky-blue, (fig.) ba'ccara, -at (-rah), n. Gambling card game.
cloudless, serene (v.t.) make a. [f. OF azur f. ; [F]
med. L azura f. Arab, al the+lazivard f. Pers. ba'ecate, a. (hot.) Bearing berries, berry-
lazhward lapis lazuli] shaped. Hence baeea'to- comb. form. [f. L
a'zygous, a. & n. (physiol.). (An organic baccatus berried (bacca berry, -ate 2 )]
part) not existing in pairs, [f. Gk azugos un- ba'cchanal (-k-), a. &
n. Of, like, Bacchus
yoked (a- not + zugon yoke) + -ous] or his rites ; riotous, roystering. Priest,
priestess, votary, of Bacchus ; drunken revel-

B letter (pi. Bs, B's, Bees).

(be), (Mus.)
B ler ; dance or song in honour of Bacchus, [f. L
bacchanalis (L f. Gk Bakkhos god of wine, -al)]
Bacehana'lia, n. pi. Festival of Bacchus ;
seventh note in scale of C major (B flat, drunken revelry. [L neut. pi. of bacchanalis
jocular euphem. for bug). (In argument) = prec]
second hypothetical person or thing. (Alg.) Bacchana'lian, a. & n. Of Bacchanals ;

second known quantity. riotous, drunken. A bacchanal, tippler, [f. L

Abbreviations (1) bachelor, as B.A. : (of Arts), bacchanalis bacchanal+ -an]
B.D. (of Divinity), B.Sc. (of Science), LL.B. Ba'cchant, n. masc. or fem., & a. Bac- ;

(of Laws) brandy, B & S (& soda) beata, chante (baka'nt, ba'kant, baka'nti), n. fem.
; ;

B.V.M. (Virgo Maria = the Blessed Virgin Priest, priestess, votary, of Bacchus Bac- ;

Mary) before, B.C. (Christ) born, as b. 1851

; chus-worshipping, wine-loving. Hence Bac-
;

British, as B.C. (Columbia). cha'ntic a. [(-nte F) f. L bacchari (-ant) f.

Abbreviations (2) Bart, baronet Beds., Gk bakkheuo celebrate Bacchic rites]
: ;

Bedfordshire Berks., Berkshire ; Bp, Ba'cchic, a. = bacchanal (adj. meanings), ;

bishop Bros, Brothers Bucks., Bucking- [f. L f. Gk bakkhikos of Bacchus]

; ;

hamshire. Ba'cchus, n. Greek god of wine. [L, f. Gk

baa (bah), n., & v.i. (baaing, baaed or Bakkhos]
baa'd). = bleat. Baa-lamb, nursery name bacci'ferous, ba'ceiform, bacci'vor-
for lamb, [imit.] ous, (baks-), aa. Berry -bearing, -shaped, -eat-
Ba'al, n. (pi. Ba'alim). Phoenician god ing. [L baccifer (-ferous) L bacca berry + ; ;

(transf.) a false god. Hence Ba*aliSM(3), -FORM, -VOROUS]

Ba*aliST(2), Ba'aliTE(l), nn. [Heb. ba'al lord] Ba'charach (bah'charahch). A Rhine wine,
ba'bacoote (bah-), n. Species of lemur [town]
(Madagascar). [Malagasy babakoto] ba'chelop, n. Young knight serving under
Ba'bbit-metal, n. Soft alloy of tin, another's banner (hist.) hence now, knight b., ;

antimony, & copper, [inventor's name] simple knight not belonging to a special order
ba'bble 1 , v.i. & t. Talk half articulately, man or woman who
has taken the university
incoherently, or excessively murmur (of ; degree below Master; unmarried man. B.'s
streams, &c.) ; repeat foolishly ; let out buttons, various button-shaped flowers esp.
 ;; ;;
;
:

BACILLARY 59 BAD
double buttercup, also sniaU ratafia biscuits. to move back (horse, boat, engine, &c. ; b. a
Hence ba'cheloPHOOD, ba'ehelorsHip, sail, yard, lay it aback, i. e. to face wind ; b.
ba*eheloriSM(4), nn. [f. OF bacheler i. L water, reverse boat's motion with oars) go ;

*baccalaris; cf. baccalaria piece of land, backwards; (of wind) change countersunwise
baccalarius farm-labourer, perh. f. bacca LL (cf. veer) 0. out (of), withdraw (from under-
;

for L vacca cow] taking &c. 6. down, abandon claim, [f. prec]
) ;

baci'llary, a. Of little rods (tissue, mem- back 3, adv. To the rear (often with omission
brane) connected with bacilli (disease,
;
of vb, esp. in imperative), away from what is
research), [bacillus + -ary J] considered the front (push the bolt b.) away ;

baei'lliform, a. Rod-shaped, [foil. + -form] from a promise (go b.from or upon one's word)
baci'llus, n. (pi. -Mi). Genus of schizomy- into the past, into or in an earlier position or
cetae, microscopic rodlike vegetable organisms condition, home in return (answer b. = retort ;

some of which are found in diseased tissues in pay b.) at a distance (b.from the road) in a ; ;

anthrax, phthisis, &c. [LL dim. of L baculus checked condition (keep b.); =ago; reckoning
stick] backwards (for years b.); behindhand; b. &
back 1 , n. & a. Hinder surface of human forth = to & fro b. of (U.S.) = behind backbite, ; ;

body (at the b. of, behind in support, pursuit, slander, speak ill of, whence ba'ckbitER 1 n.
or concealment behind one's b. give, make, ba'cklash(ing), irregular recoil of wheels in
; ;

a b„ bend down at leapfrog turn one's b. machinery due to defects or sudden pressure ;

upon, run away from, abandon on one's b., backslide v.i., relapse into sin, whence back- ;

laid up with one's b. to wall, hard pressed)

;
sli'dER 1 backsli'diNG 1 nn. backstitch , , ;

body as needing clothes (b. <t belly, clothing n. & v.t. &i., sewung) with overlapping stitches,
& food) or as weight-carrier (6. equal to burden [for aback] ;

have on one's b., be burdened with break back 4 , n. Shallow vat used in brewing, ;

one's b., overburden him, & see break 1 b. dyeing, &c. [f. Du. bak tub f. F bac punt cf.
of) surface of things corresponding to human med. L baccus ferryboat]
;

b. (less visible, active, or important 6. of hand, baekga'mmon, n. Game played on special ;

leg, door, book, knife), side away from spec- double board with draughts & dice most com- ;

tator upper surface of animal's body, surface plete form of win in this,
; [back 3 (because
corresponding to this (ridge-shaped, &c. b. of pieces go back or re-enter), game x ] ;

hill, ship esp. in broke her b. on the b. of, in ba'cking*, n. In vbl senses esp. body of
; ; :

addition to) football player stationed behind supporters

; material used to form thing's ;

(full, three-quafter, half, b.)\ backhand, over back or support, [back 2 -ing j ] ,

cart-saddle to keep shafts up backboard, at backsheesh. See baksheesh. ;

b. of cart, also strapped across child's b. to ba*ekward(s),adv., ba'ekward, a. Away

straighten it backbone, spine (whence ba'ck- from one's front (look, lean, &c); back fore-
;

bonED 2 a. to the backbone, thoroughly), main most (walk &c.) back to starting-point (floxv,
; ;

support, axis, watershed, chief strength, firm- roll, &c. ; not of living things exc. in b. & for-
ness of character (whence ba'ckboneLESS a.) wards); into a worse state (go &c); into the
backfall, throw on b. in wrestling backsword, ; past (reckon &c.) the reverse way (spell &c.
;

with only one edge, also singlestick. (Adj. ;

ring the bells b., from bass upwards). (Adj.)
no comp., superl. backmost) situated behind, : directed to rear or starting-point reversed ; ;

remote, inferior, (take b. seat, humble oneself) reluctant, shy, behindhand, dull, whence
overdue (b. rent) ; reversed, counter, (b. cur- ba'ekwardNESS n. [orig. for abaekicard,
rent); backdoor, lit., & fig. secret means or later referred to see -ward, -wards]
back 1 ;

rpproach, (adj.) clandestine, underhand backwardation, (St. Exch.). Per- n.

b.-end, late autumn background, part of ; centage paid by seller of stock for right of
scene, picture, or description, that serves as delaying delivery (cf. contango), [f. prec.
setting to chief figures or objects and fore- used as vb + -ation on anal, of retardation]
ground, obscurity, retirement backhand(ed), ; ba'con, n. Cured back sides of pig (save &
delivered with b. of hand or in direction one's b., escape death or injury). [OF, f. OHG
counter to the usual, indirect, unexpected, bacho backe buttock cf. back 1 ] MHG
(backhander, such blow, indirect attack, extra Baco'nian, a. n. Of Francis Bacon or his &
glass got by bottle's travelling wrong way) philosophy, experimental, inductive; a fol-
backset, counter current, check, reverse back- lower of Bacon. [Bacon + -IAN] ;

side, posterior, rump b.-sight, that nearer ba'cony, a. Like bacon (esp. b. liver, a
;

stock of rifle &c, (Surv.) sight taken back- disease, fatty degeneration), [bacon -f -y x ]
wards backstairs n. & a., backstair a., as
; bacterium, n. (pi. -rid). Genus of schi-
backdoor above backstays, ropes slanting zomycetae, microscopic rod-shaped unicellular
;

abaft from masthead to sides of ship back- organisms in decomposing liquids. Hence ;

stroke, return or backhand stroke backwash, baeter'iAL a., baeterid'LOGY, -6'logist, nn. ;

motion of receding wave (lit. fig. &

back- [mod. L, f. Gk bakterion dim. of baktron stick] ) ;

water, water dammed back, currentless water ba'culine, a. Of the stick or flogging (esp.
beside stream & fed by its backflow, stagnant 6. argument), [f. L bacidum stick + -ine x ]
condition of things, creek communicating with bad, a. (worse, worst), n. (Negatively) &
sea by barred outlets, water cast from ship's worthless, inferior, deficient, of poor quality,
paddles, loss of power caused by this backway, incorrect, not valid, (b. air, corrupt b. coin, ; ;

bypath (lit. fig.); backxcoods n.& a., back- debased; b. debt, not recoverable b.food, not & ;

wood a., (connected with) remote uncleared nourishing; go b., decay; with b. grace, re-
forest land (so baekicoodsmari). [a. f. n., OE luctantly; b. shot, wrong guess; 6. law, not
bsec Teut., now almost confined to E]
; sustainable b. form, want of breeding 6. pre- ; ;

back , v.t. i. Put, or be, a back, lining, eminence, disrepute in a b. sense, unfavour-
2 & ;

support, or background, to assist with coun- able 6. success). (Positively) noxious, de-
; ;

tenance, money, or argument, bet upon, praved, vicious, offensive, painful, (b. blood, ill
whence ba'ckER l n. (of sporting dogs) follow feeling; b. for, injurious to) in ill health, in-
; ;

suit to one that points b. up, help by subor- jured, in pain, (she is b., worse, to-day a b. leg).
; ;

dinate action, esp. in cricket ride upon, break (N.) ill fortune (take the b. with the good), wrong
;

w* to the saddle ; countersign, endorse ; cause side of account (£500 to the b.), ruin (go to the
 ;;

BADE 60 BAILIFF
&.). Hence ba'ddiSH * (2) a. [ME badde, pern, ba'ggage (-ij), n. Belongings with which
f. OE bxddel hermaphrodite-, womanish man ; one travels (now ousted exc. in U.S. by lug-
I cf. my eel much]
for loss of gage) portable equipment of army good- ; ;

bade. See bid K for-nothing woman (now only used playfully),

badge, n. Distinctive mark, formerly of saucy girl. [f. OF bagage f. baguer tie up or
knight, now worn as sign of office or licensed bagues bundles pi. of bague = lt. & LL baga
employment or membership of a society chest]
symbol, something that betrays a quality or ba'ggy, a. Puffed out, hanging in loose
condition. [ME etym. dub.] ; folds. Hence ba'ggiNESS n. [bag + -v 2] 1

ba'dger 1 , n. (dial.) Hawker, esp. of pro- bagnio (ba'nyo), n. Bathing-house (not now
visions. [?] in England) ; oriental prison ; brothel, [f. It.
ba'dger 2 ,Grey-coated strong-jawed
n. bagno f. L balneum bath]
nocturnal hibernating plantigrade quadruped bah, int. of contempt. [F]
between weasels & bears fishing-fly, & paint- ; Baha'dup (-ahd-), n. Complimentary title
ing-brush, made of its hair b.-baiting, -draw- ; appended in India to names of European
ing, setting dogs to draw it from its burrow officers. [Hind., = gallant]
or a cask; b.-legged, with legs of unequal baignoire (banwah'r), n. Box at theatre on
length (popular error), [mod. E (older brock or level of stalls. [F]
bauson) perh. f. badge + -ard (earlier bageard, bail !, n. Security for prisoner's appearance,
badgerd) with ref. to its white forehead mark] on giving which he is released pending trial
ba'dgep 3 , v.t. Bait like a badger, worry, (forfeit one's b., fail to appear; save one's b.,
tease, [f. prec] appear); (joe.) give leg &., run away; person(s)
badinage (-ahzh), n. Light raillery. [F (ba- who become(s) surety for prisoner's appearance
diner banter f. badin silly f. LL badare gape)] (be, become, go, b. go b. for, guarantee truth
;

ba'dly, adv. (worse, worst). Defectively, of anything magistrate accepts, admits to,
;

unsuccessfully, faultily, wickedly, cruelly, dan- allows, holds to, takes, b. ; prisoner gives, offers,
gerously, by much (beaten), very much (icant surrenders to his, b. his b. sumxnder, render,
;

a thing b\ [-LY ] 2 bring in, produce, him). [OF bail custody f.

ba'dminton, n. A summer drink (claret, baillier take charge of f. L bajulare bear a
soda, sugar) game with net, rackets, & shut-
;
burden (bajulus porter)]
tlecocks. [Duke of Beaufort's seat] bail 2 v.t. 1. Deliver (goods) in trust. 2. Ad-
,

ba'dness, n. Poor quality or condition ; mit to bail, release on security given for appear-
faultiness, invalidity ; wickedness, noxious- ance, (of magistrate archaic) secure libera- ; ;

ness, adverseness. [-ness] tion of, by becoming bail or security for (b. out
ba'ffle, v.t. Foil, reduce to perplexity, bar if already in prison), [sense 1 f F battler de- .

progress of, (person, curiosity, faculties, efforts, liver sense 2 f. bail ] ]

;

ship) ; baffling winds, variable, preventing a 3

bail , n. (Hist.) outer line of fortification
straight course, [perh. f. F beffler mock & formed of stakes wall of castle court, or court
;

bafouer hoodwink, both perh. f. Pr. bafar itself. (Mod.) bar separating horses in open
mock perh. f. 6a/interj. of contempt] stable; swinging &., slung from manger to
ba'ffy, ba/ffing-spoon, nn. Wooden golf ceiling (cricket) one of the cross pieces (orig.
;

club for lofting. Icf. Sc. baffa. blow] one, not two) over stumps. [OF 6a il perh. f.
baft, n. Coarse cheap cotton fabric exported baillier enclose, or f. L baculum stick]
to Africa. [Pers., = woven] bail 4, n. Half-hoop for supporting wagon-
bag 1
, n. Receptacle of flexible material tilt &c. ; hoop-handle of kettle &c. (Australia) ;

with opening at top (green or blue b., barrister's
for briefs; hyphened with nouns showing
contents or purpose, as mail-b., travelling-b. ;
also alone for such compp., e.g. for money-b.,
so bags = wealth, or for game-b., also for g.-b.'s
contents or all a sportsman has shot or caught
6. of bones, lean creature whole b. of tricks,
every device, everything, all the lot in bottom
of b., as last resource ; let cat out of b., reveal
frame holding cow's head at milking. [ME
beyl f. ON
beygla swordguard &c. (beygya =
OE began to bend)]
bail 5, v.t. Confine (archaic); (Australia) 6.
up, secure (cow; see prec); (of bushrangers)
make hold up the arms to rob, (intr. of victim)
; throw up the arms. [f. OF baillier enclose
; perh. same as in prec. & bail 2 ]
bail 6 bale, v.t. Throw water out of boat
,

secret, esp. involuntarily b. baggage, with ; & with pails &c. (b. water out, b. out boat, or abs.).
all belongings, esp. of utter expulsion), whence Hence bai'lep 1 [-er 1 (2)] n. [f. obs. n. bail
ba'ggiNG (3) n.
* cow's udder ; sac in body
; bucket f. F bailie f. LL bacula dim. of baca,
containing honey, poison, &c. baggy place ; bacca, water vessel]
under eyes &c. (slang) bb., trousers; b. fox,
; bai'lable, a. Admitting of bail (offence).
one brought, not found bagman, commercial ; [bail ] 2 + -able]
,

traveller, also = b. fox bagpipe(s), musical ; bailee*, n. One to whom goods are entrusted
instrument (air-b., three drones, & chanter) for a purpose. [bail 2 + -ee]
now used chiefly in Scotland b.-sleeve, loose ; bai'ler 2, n. Ball that hits bails at cricket.
except at wrist; b.-wig, 18th-c. wig with back [BAILS + 'ER 1 ]
hair enclosed in b. Hence ba*gFUL(2) n. bai'ley, n. Outer wall of castle also any of ;

[perh. f. ON baggi etym. dub. no evidence for ; its inner defensive circuits, or any of the courts
connexion with belly, bellows (OHG balg)] enclosed between these; Old B., London Cen-
bag* 2, v.i. & t. Swell, bulge; (Naut.) drop tral Criminal Court, standing in ancient b. of
away from course hang loosely put in a bag, ; ; city wall: [ME variant of bail 3 perh. f. med.
secure (game, whether lit. bagged or not), take L form ballium]
possession of, (euphem.) steal, [prec] bai*lie,n. Scotch municipal magistrate =Eng.
bag 3, v.t. Cut (wheat &c.) with a hook, [also alderman. [ME bailli f. OF baillfe bailiff]
badge; etym. dub.] bai'liff, n. (Orig.) King's representative in
baga'sse (-as), n. Refuse products in sugar- a district (including mayor, sheriff, &c), esp.
making. [F perh. = bagage lumber]
; chief officer of a hundred (still in High-B. of
bagate'lle, n. Trifle, negligible amount; light Westminster, B. of Dover Castle, &c. used as ;

Fiiece of music minor game of billiard kind.

; Eng. equivalent of F bailli, G landvogt, Chan-
F, f. It. bagatella dim. perh. f. baga baggage] nel-I. bailly or first civil officer) ; officer under
 ; ;;

BAILIWICK 61 BALK
sheriff for writs, processes, arrests ; agent of wheel, watch, regulating the beat); pre-
in
lord of manor ; landholder's steward. [ME & ponderating weight or amount (the b. of ad-
OF baillif obj. case of baillis f. LL. bajulivus vantage lies with him). (Accounts) difference
(L bajulus porter)j between Cr & Dr, statement of this (strike a
bai'liwlek, n. District, jurisdiction, of b., determine it; b.-sheet, written statement
of
bailie or bailiff, [bailie + wick 2 ] it with details) b. of trade, difference between
;

bai'lment, in. Delivery of goods in trust exports & imports; b. in hand, amount over
bailing of prisoner. [OF bailie mrnt see bail 2 after realizing assets & meeting liabilities b ;

& -ment] due, deficiency (slang) the remainder of any-

;

bai'lor, n. One who delivers goods to another thing. [F, = It. bilancia f. L (libra) m(lanx-
for a stated purpose, [bail 2 + -or 2 J lancis plate) two-scaled (balance)]
bai'lsman, n. One who gives bail for balance-, v.t. & i. Weigh (a question, two
another, [f. bail's (bail 1
) + man] arguments &c. against each other); match
bain-marie Vessel of hot water in
(F), n. (thing) with, by, against, another; bring (thing,
which stewpans are stood to warm. [F, f. L oneself) into, or keep in, equilibrium equal ;

balneum Mariae bath of the Virgin perh. or neutralize weight of, make up for oscillate, ;

from gentleness of process] waver; (dancing) move conversely with one's

Bairam (birah'rn), n. Mohammedan festival partner. (Accounts) compare Dr & Cr, make
(twice a year, Lesser & Greater). [Turk. & the entry necessary to equalize them account ;

Pers.]' balances, two sides are equal settle account by ;

bairn, Child (Sc. form now borrowed in

n. paying deficit, [f. F balancer (bala nee = prec.)]
literary Eng., the E berne having perished, & ba'las, n. Species of ruby. [f. OF balais
barne become dialectal). [OE beam, coni.- ult. f. Pers. Badakhshan district of origin]
Teut. f. beran bear 3 ] ba'leony, n. Outside balustraded platform
bait , v.t. & i. (Orig. cause to bite. (1) Worry
1
) with access from upper-floor window (Theatre) ;

(chained animal) by setting dogs at it (with
dogs, or abs. ; also of the dogs), whence (bear,
bull, &c.) -baitiNG 1 n. ; torment (helpless
person) with jeers &c. (2) Give food to, take
food, (of horses on journey) stop at inn (orig.
to feed horses, then also for rest or refresh-
ment). (3) Put food (real or sham) on or in
(hook, trap, fishing-place), [sense 3 prob. f.
foil. ; ME
beyten f. ON beita cause to bite (bita
tier of seats generally between dress-circle &
gallery. Hence ba*leoniED 2 a. [f. It. balcone
(balco f. OHG balcho = balk 1 + -one -oon)]
bald (bawld), a. With scalp wholly or partly
; hairless (go b.-headed slang, stake everything,
disregard consequences) ; (of animals &c.) hair-
less, featherless, treeless, leafless, napless; (of
horses) marked with white, esp. on face (of
style) meagre, dull, jejune, monotonous, (of bad
;

bite v.) cf. OF beter] qualities) undisguised, whence ba'ldL Y 2 adv.

bait 2, n. Food prey (live &., small baldhead, baldpate, (person) with bald head,
to entice
fish so used) an allurement, temptation
; (fig.) kinds of duck (pate only) & pigeon. Hence ;

halt in journey for refreshment or rest, [partly ba'ldXESS n. [earlier balled perh. f. obs. ball
f. OX beita food, partly f. prec] white spot cf. (ceffyl) bdl (horse) with white
baize, n. Coarse woollen stuff with long forehead, Ir. & Gael, bal spot, +-ed 2]
W
nap used for coverings, [f. F baies pi. fern, of ba'ldachin (-k-), -quin, n. (Orig.) rich
bai f L badius chestnut - coloured, bay 6 brocade (now) canopy projecting, suspended,
. , ;

treated by mistake as sing. cf. bodice] or on pillars, over altar, throne, &c. [F & Sp.
bake, v.t. & i. Cook by dry heat in closed place baldaquin f. It. baldacchino (Baldacco It. form
or on hot surface (not by direct exposure to fire), of Bagdad, place of origin)]
whence ba'kiXG x (5) n. harden by heat (half- ba'ld-eoot, ba'ldicoot, n. The coot, from
; ;

baked, immature, half-witted); (of sun) ripen its bare white forehead bald person. ;

(fruit), tan (skin) (intr.) undergo the process,

;
ba'lderdash (bawl-), n. (Formerly) frothy
be cooked, hardened, tanned, by heat bake- liquid, mixture of liquors. (Now) jumble of ;

house, house or room for baking bread, or for words, nonsense foul language. [?] ;

making bakestone, flat stone, slate,

loaf-sugar ; ba'ldmoney (bawl-), n. 'Yellow-flowered
or iron plate, on which cakes are baked in umbelliferous plant. [?]
oven baking-powder, substitute for yeast.
; ba'ldrie (bawl-), n. Belt for sword, bugle,
[OE bacan; com.-Teut., & cf. Gkphogo roast] &c, hung from shoulder to opposite hip. Hence
ba'kep, n. Professional breadmaker (pull ba*ldrie-wiSE adv. [earlier baudry f. OF
devil, pull b., encouragement to both sides; baudrei cf. MHG balderich perh. f. L balteus
b.'s dozen, thirteen, 13th loaf being huckster's belt]
profit; b.-legged, knock-kneed) (Fishing) kind ;
bale 1 Evil, destruction, woe, pain,
, n.
of artificial fly. Hence ba'kePESS 1 ba'k- , misery, (poet. &
archaic). Hence ba'leFUL a.,
ery(3), nn. [OE bxcere (bacan bake + -er 1 )] ba-lefulLY 2 adv. [OE, OSax., OFris. balu &
backsheesh, ba'khshish (e-), n. Gratuity, f. OTeut. *balwom neut. adj. evil]
tip, (article not used). [Pers., f. bakhshidangive] bale , n. Package of merchandise usu. done
2
Ba'laam (-lam), n. Disappointing prophet up in canvas &
corded or metal-hooped. [ME
or ally (Journalism) matter kept in stock to
; (perh. through Flem.) f. OF bale, balle, f. It.
fill up gaps
in newspaper (Numb. xxii. 28 or 38 ;
balla, palla, either from balla, palla, OHG
b.-box, receptacle for this). ball 1, or f. Gk palla ball]
balance 1
, n. Weighing - apparatus with bale 3 . See bail 6 .

central pivot, beam, & two scales; spring or balee'n, & a.

Whalebone. [ME baleyne
n.
lever substitute for this regulating gear of ; f. OF balaena whale]
baleine f. L
clock or watch zodiac constellation (usu.
; ba'lefipe, n. Great fire in the open funeral ;

Libra or The Scales), & (not now corresponding) pyre beaconfire fire added only in 19th c.)
; (

seventh sign of zodiac. The weighing of bonfire, [f. OE bid & ONbdl great fire f.
actions or opinions, the wavering of fortune or OTeut. balom (cf. Skr. bhalas lustre, Gk phalos
chance, power to decide (hold the b.) counter- ; shining) + fire]
poise, set-off; equilibrium \d. of power, no balk 1 , baulk, (bawk), n. Ridge left un-
State greatly preponderant) (Art) harmony of ; ploughed stumbling-block, hindrance sanc-
; ;

design & proportion steady position (lose one's ; tuary area on billiard table (make a b., utilize
b„ fall physically or be upset mentally; &.- this) roughly squared timber beam ; tie-
;
 ;;; —
BALK 62 BAM
beam of a house headline of fishing-net. [OE
; shape into which, or frame on which, trees &
balca ridge & perh. ON bdlkr beam] plants are trained, [f. It. ballone large ball
balk 2, baulk, (bawk), v.t. & i. Shirk, miss, (balla see bale 2 + -one see -oon)]
(topic, turn, duty, chance) ; jib, shy, pull up ;
balloo'n 2, v.i. Ascend in balloon, whence
hinder, thwart, disappoint, discourage, startle. balloo'nER 1 n. ; swell out like b. (gowns &c).
If. prec] [f. prec]
ball i (bawl), n. Solid or hollow sphere (with ; ballot 1 n. (Small ball, ticket, or paper
,
distinctive adj. any of the heavenly bodies; hard
) also secret voting; votes so
&. -paper-*^used in)
or soft, inflated or solid, large or small, sphere recorded lot-drawing (whether by balls or
;

used in games; (Cricket) single delivery of it not) b.-box, used in voting or lot-drawing, [f.
;

by bowler (no b., delivery breaking rules) It. ballotta dim. of balla ball see bale 2 ]
solid missile (not always spherical) for cannon, ba'llot 2, v.L Give secret vote ; 6. for, select
rifle, pistol, &c (load with b., opposed to blank (officials &c) by secret vote; draw lots (for
cartridge) = ballot n., & see black 1
; b. of ; precedence, esp. in H. of Commons for right of
eye, eye within lids ; material gathered or moving resolutions &c). [f. It. ballottare (bal-
Wound in round mass, as snow, medicine lotta BALLOT !)]
(veterinary), wool, or string; b. offoot, rounded ba'llot 3 , n. Small bale of 70 to 1201b. [Fdim.
part at base of great toe, so b. of thumb. of balle bale 2 }

(Phrr.) have the b. at one's feet, see one's way to ballotage French second ballot,
(-ij), n.
success keep tip the b., keep the b. rolling, do
; between two highest candidates with less than
one's part in talk &c. the b. is with you, it is
; legal majority. [F, f. ballotter = ballot 2 see ;

your turn b. ; &

socket, joint with greatest pos- -ageI
sible freedom ; three bb., pawnbroker's sign; b.- ballyrag", v.t. & i. (slang) (-gg-). Maltreat
flring, withb. cartridge; b. -proof ; b.-bearings, by hustling, jeering, or playing practical jokes
axle fittings avoiding friction by use of small on indulge in horseplay. Hence b'allypag*-
;

bb. ; b.-cock, -tap, automatic cistern-tap with g-iNG l n. [etyni. dub. also bullyrag, prob. by ;

floating b. ; b.-floiver, archit. ornament. [ME pop. etym.]

bal f. ON bollr f. OTeut. balluz] balm (bahrn), n. Fragrant & medicinal exuda-
ball 2 (bawl), n. Social assembly for dancing tion from certain ointment for anointing,
trees ;

(sob.-room; give a b., of the entertainer; open soothing pain, or healing perfume, fragrance ; ;

the b., lead first dance, fig. commence opera- healing or soothing influence, consolation tree ;

tions), [f. F bal f. baler, bailer, = Pr. balar, It. yielding b. (Asia & N. Africa) B. Gentle or B.- ;

& LL ball are to dance perh. Gk ballizo dance] f. mint, Bastard B., Field B., fragrant herbs;
ball 3 v.t. &
, Squeeze or wind into a ball
i. B. ofGilead or of Mecca, golden oleo-resin once
grow into a lump or lumps, [ball 1 ] much used as antiseptic, artificial imitation of
ballad, n. Simple song, esp. sentimental this. [ME & OF basme f. L balsamum balsam ;
composition of several verses, each sung to the ME has been variously corrected on the L
same melody, with accompaniment merely (e. g. balsme), whence the mod. -1-]
subordinate poem in short stanzas narrating
; bal'm-erieket (babm-), n. Cicada, [earlier
popular story. Hence ba'llad- monger, bal- baum- ; mistransl. of G baumgrille tree-cricket]
ladRY(o), nn. [ME & OF balade (F ball-) f. Pr. balmo'pal, n. Kinds of laced boot, petti-
balada dancing-song f. balar (ball 2 ),-ade(1)] coat, Scotch cap. [Queen Victoria's Scotch
balla'de (balahd), n. Poem of one or more residence]
triplets of seven-lined or eight-lined stanzas, bal'my, a. Yielding balm ; fragrant, soft,
each ending with same refrain line, & envoy; mild, soothing, healing. Hence bal'miLv-
goem of equal (usu. seven or eight line) stanzas adv., bal'miNESs n. [balm + -y j ]
. royal, stanzas of seven or eight ten-syllable balsam (bawl-), n. Resinous product =
lines (also rhyme royal), [earl ier spelling &pron. balm ; True B. or B. of Mecca = balm of
of prec, now used technically] Gilead ; other medicinal oleo-resins ; Canada
ballast *, n. Heavy material placed in ship's B., used in mounting for microscope ; artificial
hold to secure stability ; in b., in the hold, (of oily or resinous ointment, esp. various sub-
ship) laden with b. only, (of material) as b. ; stances dissolved in oil or turpentine, e.g. B. of
experience, principles, &c, that give stability Aniseed', (fig.) healing or soothing agency;
to character ; slag &c. used to form bed of rail- (Chem.) compounds of resins & volatile oils,
road or substratum of road, [so in most Eur. insoluble in water tree yielding b. flowering ; ;

langg. ; perh. OSw. &

ODa. barlast (now bal-) plant of genus Impatiens B. Apple, gourdlike ;

show origin, bar bare, mere, + last load] ;

plant with highly coloured fruit. Hence bal-

ba'llast 2, v.t. Furnish with, render steady samic (bawl- or bal-) a., balsa'miCALLY adv.,
by means of, b. (lit. & fig.) fill in (railroad bed) balsami'FEROUS a., balsam y 2 (bawl-) a.
;

with b. Hence ballastiNG x (3) n. [f. prec] [f. L balsamum from c 1000 to 1600 either vari- ;

ballerina (-enah), n. Dancing-woman, ants of basme were used, or the full L balsam ;

ballet-girl, lit.] before & after those dates]

ballet Combined performance of
(-la), n. baltimore (bawl-), n. N.-Amer. orange &
professional dancers on the stage. [F, dim. of black starling, [colours of Lord Baltimore
bal BALL. 2 ] proprietor of Maryland's coat of arms]
balfi'sta (ha-), n. Ancient military engine for baluster, n. Short pillar, slender above,
hurling great stones &c. [L, f. Gk ballo throw] pearshaped below post helping to support ;

balli'stic, a. Of projectiles, of hurling power. rail; (pi.) set of these supporting handrail of
Hence balli'stics n. [prec. -ic]+ staircase (now usu. banisters), [f. F balustre
ballon d'essai see
(F), n. Experiment to f. It. balausta f. L f. Gk balaustion wild-
whether the public, or foreign States, will pomegranate flower (from shape of its calyx-
tolerate a new departure in policy &c. tube)]
balloo'n 1 , n. (Archit.) large ball crowning balustpa'de, n. Row of balusters with rail
pillar, spire, &c. ; (Chem.) large hollow glass or coping as ornamental parapet to terrace,
globe used in distillations ; round or pear- balcony, &c Hence balustpa'dED 2 a. [prec,
shaped airtight envelope inflated with gas •ade]
lighter than air &
rising sky-wards, whence bam, v.t., & n. (slang, archaic). Hoax, [from
balloo*niST(3) n.; any thing hollow inflated & 18th c ; etym. dub.]
 ;;; ;;;

BAMBINO 63 BANIAN
bambi'no (-e-), n. Image of infant Jesus in stripes ; form into a league (usu. refl. or pass.),
swaddling-clothes shown in Italian churches [f. F bander f. bande, see prec]
at Christmas. [It.,=baby] ba'ndage (-ij), n., v.t. Strip of material &
bamboo*, n. Genus of tropical giant grasses for binding up limb, wound, &c, or anything
the stem, used as stick or material, [bambu used for blindfolding; (vb) tie up with b.,
now in Java & Sumatra, but perh. not native] whence ba'ndagiNG *(3) n. [F, f. bande
bamboo'zle, v.t. (slang). Hoax, mystify, band 1 see -age] ;

cheat into doing something or out of property banda'nna, -a'na, Richly coloured n.
&c. Hence bamboo'zleMENT n. [from c. yellow or white spotted (orig. always silk)
1700 etym. dub.
; cf. bam, also F bambocher ; handkerchief. [Hind. &a/«Z/i?rainethod*of spot-
play the fool, bamboche puppet f. It. bamboccio dyeing]
simpleton (bambo fool + -occio)] bandeau* (-do), n. Fillet for binding woman's
ban 1
, v.t. & i. Curse (t. & i., archaic) ; pro- hair. [F]
hibit, interdict. [OE bannan summon & ON ba'nderol(e), n. Long narrow flag with
banna curse f. OTeut. bannan proclaim f. root cleft end flown at masthead ornamental ;

ba- (cf. Lfa-, Gk pha-) speak] streamer on knight's lance ribbon-like scroll ;

ban 2 Ecclesiastical anathema, interdict

, n. (Arch., stone band) with inscription; some-
curse supposed to have supernatural power times=BANNEROL. [F banderole dim. of ban-
angry execration (archaic) ; formal prohibition dierebanner]
sentence of outlawry, esp. B. of the (Holy ba'ndicoot, n. (India) rat as large as cat
Roman) Empire ; tacit prohibition by public (Australia) insectivorous marsupial, [f. Telugu
opinion (tinder a &.). [OF, f. LL bannum f. pandi-kokku pig rat]
Teut. bann proclamation with penalties {ban- ba'ndit, n. (pi. -i'tti, -its). Outlaw lawless ;

nan ban J)] robber, brigand, (usu. in organized gangs)

ban 3 , n. Viceroy of districts in Hungary, a banditti, set of brigands, [f. It. bandito pi.
Croatia, &c, commanding in war. [Pers., = lord] -iti p.p. of bandire =*med. L bannire proclaim
ba'nal, Commonplace, trite. [F (ban 2
a. , see ban 2 2] >

-al) a feudal word the use of the lord's

; orig. ; ba'ndog, n. Chained dog mastiff, blood- ;

mill was compulsory for all tenants (bannal hound, [earlier band-dog f. band l
]
mill), whence the sense common to all] bandoleer*, Shoulder-belt with-ier', n.
bana'lity, n. Triteness ; a commonplace. cartridge-loops, [f. 17th-c. F bandouillere f. It.
[f. F banalite f. prec. see -ality] bandoliera (bandola dim. of banda band j ]
bana'na (-nan-), n. Tropical subtropical & ba'ndoline, n. Gummy preparation for fix-
fruit tree ; its fruit, finger-shaped with yellow ing the hair or moustache, [perh. f. bandeau]
rind, in clusters. [.Port, or Sp. f. the native ba'ndy l, v.t. Throw, strike, pass, to & fro
name in Guinea] or fig. stories &c, or persons) often 6.
(ball, ;

banavrsic, a. Suitable for a mere mechanic, about discuss (names &c.) give & take (blows
; ;

illiberal, [f. Gk banausikos (banausos work- &c), exchange (something ivithsome one), [cf.
ing by fire f. baunos forge, -ic)] F bander *bandie at Tennis' perh. f. bande
Banbury cake, n. Spiced cake made at side -y unexplained]
;

Banbury. ba'ndy 2 , n. (Orig.) special form of tennis;

banc, ba'nco, n. Used in phrases in banc, in (now also b.-ball) hockey the stick, curved at ;

banco, =on the bench, applied to sittings of a end, used in the game. [perh. f. prec]
Superior Court of Common Law as a full ba'ndy 3 , n. Indian cart or buggy, [f.
court (not Nisi Prius or circuit). \Jbanco L abl. Telugu baiidi]
of ba?icus bench ; see bank 5 ] ba'ndy 4 ',
a. Wide apart at the knees (of
band 1
, restrains, binds to-
n. (1) Thing that legs) ; b.-legged, (of persons or animals) having
gether, connects, or unites (chiefly archaic, now b. legs. [perh. f. bandy 2 curved stick]
ousted by the orig. identical bond) ; (book- bane, n. Poison (lit. now only in comb., as
binding) straps at back holding sheets together rafs-b.); cause of ruin, esp. the b. of; ruin,
b.-stone, one passing through dry-stone wall woe, (poet.). Hence ba'neFUL a., ba'neful-
&' binding it. (2) Flat strip of thin material; ly 2 adv., ba'nefulNESS n. [OE bana death,
hoop round anything (of iron, elastic, &c); murder, cf. OHG bano; also Gk phonos
strap forming part of a garment (shirt, dress, slaughter]
hat, &c), (pi.) development of neckband or bang \ v.t. & i. Strike (t. & i.) noisily shut 1

collar into two pendent strips (clerical, legal) (t. & i. of door) with noise make sound of ;

reef-band, strip sewn on sail at eyelet holes blow or explosion thrash (slang) surpass, ; ;

for strength (Mech.) belt connecting wheels

; [from 16th c cf. ON banga to hammer, LG ; ;

stripe of colour or distinguishable material on bangen strike]

object; bandbox; of paper-covered chip or bang 2 n. Sounding blow, sound of a blow, ,

cardboard for millinery (orig. for clerical bb. report of gun. [f. prec] ;

look as if one came out of bandbox, of ex- bang* 3 , adv. & int. With sudden impact,
treme neatness) b.-saw, endless saw running abruptly, completely, explosively go b., ex-
; ;

over wheels b.-wheel, worked by strap from plode conventional imitation of gun-fire. [f.
; ;

another. (3) Organized company of armed men, BANG 1 ]

robbers, persons with common object (B. of bang- 4 , v.t., & n. Cut (front hair) straight
Hope, total abstinence association), musicians across forehead fringe resulting b.-tail, ; ;

(esp. regimental b. German b., any itinerant horse with tail cut straight across, [f. prec]
;

open-air musicians bandmaster, conductor ba'ngle, n. Ring bracelet or anklet. Hence

;

bandstand, platform bandsman, 'member of ba'nglED 2 a. [f. Hind, bangri, glass wrist-
;

b.). [all meanings ult. f. OTeut. bindan bind 1 ring] .

but 1, 2, 3, with different hist. (1) (tie), ME band ba'nian, ba'nyan, n. Hindoo trader;
f. ON band f. OTeut. (hence also bond); (2) (strip), (Bengal) native broker to European house
late ME bande f F bande, bende, = Pr. & It. benda Indian flannel jacket (Naut.) b.-day, on which
.
;

f. OHG bindd f. OTeut. (3) (company), loth-c. no meat is served out b.-hospital, for animals
; ;

bande f. F bande = Pr., Sp., It., banda ribbon b.-tree (or b.), Indian Fig, branches of which
or LL bandum banner both f. Teut.] root themselves over great extent. [Port.
band 2, v.t. Put a band on; mark with banian f. Arab, banyan f. Gujarati vaniyo
 ;; +

BANISH 64 BAOBAB
man of trading caste. B. day, hospital, from insolvent debtor, [earlier bankrout &c. f. It.
caste reverence for animal life ; b. tree, E name banca rotta broken bank (bank 3 L rupt- p.p. ,

used a specimen under which Banians

first of of rumpere break) corrected to -rupt on L]
had built pagoda] ba'nkpupt 2 , v.t. Reduce to bankruptcy,
ba'nish, v.t. Condemn to exile (person [f. prec]
from place, or double obj. as banished him ba'nkpupt 3 , a. Under legal process be-
the court, or obj. of person only) ; dismiss from cause of insolvency ; insolvent bereft (of some ;

one's presence or mind. Hence ba'nishMENT quality &c). [perh. the short p.p. of prec]
n [f. OF banir (-ISH 2 ) f. LL bannire ban *] ba'nkpuptey, n. Being declared bank-
ba'nistep, n. (usu. pi.). Upright(s) support- rupt, being insolvent utter loss (of something, ;

ing stair handrail (also in pi. for uprights & rail e. g. reputation), [prec. + -c y, irreg. for -rupcy]
together), [corruption of baluster] ba'nksia, n. Australian flowering shrub
ba'njo, n. (pi. -os, -oes). Stringed musical now grown in Europe. [Sir J. Banks, -ia 1 ]
instrument with guitar neck & head, tam- ba'nksman, n. Coal-mine overlooker above
bourine body, played with fingers. Hence ground, [bank *]

ba'nj6isr(3) n. [negro corruption of earlier ba'nnep, n. Cloth flag on pole used as

bandore ult. f. Gk pandoura] standard of emperor, king, lord, knight, for
bank Raised shelf of ground, slope,
1
, n.
war flag of a country &c (join, follow, the b.
;

elevation in sea or river bed ; flat-topped mass of; now chiefly tig.) ensign (esp. in frame, or ;

of cloud, snow, &c. Sloping margin of river, with two poles) borne in religious or political
ground near river {right, left, b., to one look- demonstrations anything used as symbol of
;

ing down stream) ; edge of hollow place (e. g. principles ; b.-screen, fire-screen hung from
top of shaft in mining). [ME bajike cf. Olcel. standing pole or mantelpiece. Hence ba'n-
bakki in same senses f. OTeut. bankon cf. nePED 2 a. [f. OF baniere f. LL "bandaria f.
BANK 5 ]
LL bandum L Goth, bandwa perh. f. root of
bank-, i. &
Contain as a b., confine
v.t. band, bind]
with bank(s) confine watch-escapement (of
; ba'nnepet, n. Knight having vassals under
banking-pins), strike against the banking-pins his banner ; one knighted on the field for
(or abs. of escapement) b. up, heap or rise
; ; valour. [ME & OF
baneret (baniere see prec.
into bb. (snow, clouds), pack tightly (fire, for -f- -et = -ate 2
bannered] ) lit.
slow burning), [f. prec] ba'nnepol, n. Banner borne at great men's
bank 3 , n. Establishment for custody of funerals & placed over tomb ; = banderole.
money, which it pays out on customer's order [var. of banderole]
The B., B. of England, managing the public ba'nnock, n. Scotch' N.-Eng. homemade &
debt, receiving the revenue, issuing legal-ten- loaf, usu.unleavened, flat, round or oval. [f. &
der notes, &
having the Government for Gael, bannach perh. f. ~Lpanicium(panis bread)]
chief customer ; (Gaming) amount of money banns, n. pi. Notice in church of intended
before keeper of table ; b.-bill, drawn by one marriage, thrice read to give opportunity of
b. on another b.-book, containing customer's
; objection (ask, publish, piit up, forbid, the &.).
private copy of his account with b. b.-credit, ; [var. of ban 2]
arrangement by which customer may over- ba'nquet 1 , n. Sumptuous feast ; dinner with
draw on security given b. holiday, day on ; speeches in celebration of something or to
which bb. are legally closed, usu. kept as further a cause. [F, dim. of banc bench bank 5 ]
general holiday also b.-note, banker's pro- ; ba'nquet 2, v.t. i. Regale (person) ; feast,&
missory note payable to bearer on demand & carouse, whence ba'nquetER * n. [f. F ban-
serving as money b.-rate, announced percent- ; queter (banquet = prec)]
age at which B. of England is prepared to dis- banque'tte (-ket), n. Raised way behind
count bills, [f. F banque f. It. banca f. Teut. rampart &c. for firing from bench behind ;

bank bench, see bank 5] driver in French diligence. [F, f. It. banchetta
bank 4 , v.t. & i. Keep b., trade in money dim. of banca bench see bank 3 ]
(banking-house, commercial firm that does ba'nshee, n. Spirit whose wail portends
some banking) keep money at b. deposit death in a house (Irish & Scotch). [Ir. bean
; ;

(mon ey &c. at b. con vert in to money (Gaming) sidhe f. Olr. ben side woman of the fairies]
) ; ;

hold table fund. [f. prec] ba'ntam, n. Small kind of domestic fowl,
bank 5, n. Galley-rower's bench tier of of which the cock is very pugnacious small ; ;

oars in galley row of organ keys working- but spirited person b.-weight, lightest class in
; ; ;

table in some trades. [ME baunck f. OF banc boxing - competitions, [f. Bantam in Java
f. Teut. bank f. OTeut. bankiz bench f. whence they were perh. brought, though perh.
bankon] orig. Japanese]
ba'nkable, a. That will be received at a ba'nter, n., & v.t. & i. Humorous ridicule,
bank (securities &c. [bank -f -able]
3 good-humoured personalities. (Vb) make fun
).

ba'nkep *, n. Proprietor or partner of private of, rally ; talk jestingly, [f. 17th c ; etym. dub.]
bank, governor, director, &c, of joint-stock ba'nting*, Treatment of obesity by ab-
n.
bank (Gaming) keeper of the bank dealer in
; ; stinence from sugar, starch, & fat bant, adopt ;

some games of chance, [bank 3 + -er l ] this, Banting's method]

[for
ba'nkep , n. Labourer (Eastern counties)
2 ba'ntling*, n. Young child, brat. [perh.
(Hunting) horse that jumps on & off* banks too corrupted f. G bdnkling bastard f. bank (bench-
large to clear, [bank l + -er j ] begotten, cf. bastard); or f. band 2 swathe
ba'nkep 3 , n. Wooden or stone bench for -LING 1 (2)]

trimming bricks or stone on. [perh. = It. banco . bantu (bahntoo*), n. & a. Used to include
statuary's bench] many related S.-Afr. languages & races, [native,
ba'nking', n. In vbl senses of bank 2 4 '
;
= people]
also, fishing on a" sea bank (esp. Newfoundland). ba'nxpingr, n. Javanese squirrel-like in-
[bank 2
] sectivorous animal. [Javanese bangsring]
ba'nkrupt n. (Law) insolvent person 1
, ba'nyan. See banian (used esp. for the tree).
whose effects, on creditors' or his own petition ba'obab, n. African tree called also Monkey-
to Bankruptcy Court, are administered & Bread with enormously thick stem, [mentioned
distributed for benefit of all creditors ; (pop.) 1592]
 ;;

BAPTISM 65 BARD
ba'ptism, Religious rite of immersing
n. barb 2 Breeds of horse & pigeon im-
, n.
(person) in, or sprinkling with, water in sign ported from Barbary. [f. F barbe (Barbarie)]
of purification & (with Christians) of admis- bar'bara, first word of the scholastic
sion to- the Church, generally accompanied by mnemonic lines for figures & moods of the
name-giving; (fig.) b. of blood, martyrdom, syllogism (some of these, esp. barbara, barbara
b. of fire, soldier's first battle ; naming of ceharent, baralipton, are used allusively for
church bells & ships. Hence bapti'smAL a., logic or k>gical training).
baptrsmalr.v 2 adv. [ME bapteme f. OF barbarian, n. a. &
(Foreigner) differing
baptesme f. Lf. Gk baptismos (baptizo baptize)] from speaker in language customs, esp. in &
ba'ptist, n. One who baptizes, esp. John hist., (a) non-Greek, (one) outside the Roman
the B. one of a sect (formerly called ana-
; Empire, (a) non-Christian ; rude, wild, or un-
baptists by opponents) objecting to infant cultured (person), [f. F barbarien (barbarous,
baptism, & practising immersion. [f. OF ian)]
baptiste f. L baptista f. Gk baptistes (baptizo barba'rie, a. Rude, rough, like or of bar-
baptize)] barians &
their art or taste. Hence bar-
ba ptist<e)py,
,
Part of church (or form-
n. ba'riCALLY adv. [f. OF barbarique f. L f. Gk
erly separate building) used for baptism (in ; barbarikos (barbaros barbarous & see -ic)]
Baptist chapel) immersion receptacle, [f. OF bar'barism, n. Mixing of foreign or vulgar
baptisterie f. L f. Gk baptisterion bathing- expressions in talk or writing such an ex- ;

place (baptizo baptize)] . pression absence of culture, ignorance &

;

bapti'ze, v.t. Immerse in or sprinkle with rudeness instance of this. [f. F barbarisme f.
;

•water, as sign of purification or initiation, esp. L f. Gk barbarismos (barbarizo speak like a

into the Christian Church; christen; (abs.) foreigner f. barbaros barbarous, -ize)]
administer baptism; (fig.) purify, elevate; barba'rity, n. Savage cruelty, instance of
name or nickname, [f. F baptiscr f. L bap- it barbaric style or taste, instance of it, (usu.
;

tizare f. Gk baptizo bathe (bapto dip)] barbarism), [f. L barbarus barbarous + -ty]
bar *, n. Long-shaped piece of rigid material bar'barize, v.t. & i. Make or become bar-
(metal, wood, soap, &c. b.-bell, iron b. with ; barous; corrupt (language). Hence bar*-
ball at each end used in gymnastics, cf. dumb- bariZA'TiON n. [f. L barbarus barbarous +
bell bancood. red wood from Gaboon imported
; -ize]
in bb. for dyeing &c.) (medals) slip of silver ; bar'barous, a. (Lang.) not Greek, not
below clasp as additional distinction band ; Greek or Latin, not pure, illiterate (people) ;
of colour &c. on surface, (Herald.) two hori- non-Greek, beyond Roman Empire, non-Chris-
zontal parallel lines across shield (b. sinister, by tian, outlandish ; uncivilized ; cruel ; coarse.
mistake for bend or baton, supposed sign of Hence bar'barousLY 2 adv., bar'barous-
illegitimacy) rod or pole used to confine or ob-
; ness n. [f. L f. Gk barbaros foreign (perh.
struct (windoiv, door, grate, gate, -b.) barrier of ; imit. of gibberish) + -ous]
any shape (Tcmple-b., tollb. harbour-b., of sand ; bar'bate, a. (bot., zool.). Having hairy tufts,
across mouth) (Mus.) vertical line across
; [f. L barbatus bearded (barba beard, -ate 2)] .

stave dividing piece into equal time-parts bar'becue, n. Large wooden or iron frame-
immaterial barrier (Law) plea arresting action; work for smoking or broiling; hog. ox, &c,
or claim moral obstacle. Barrier with some
; roasted whole, whence bar'becue v.t. (U.S.) ;

technical significance, as, in lawcourt, place at large entertainment with whole-roasting floor ;

which prisoner stands hence b. of conscience, ; for drying coffee-beans- [f. Sp. barbacoa f.
opinion, &c. trial at &., in King's-Bench
; Haitian barbacoa crate on posts]
division a particular court ( practise at par-
; bar'bel (-bl), n. .Large European freshwater
liamentary, Chancery, &c. &.) be called to the ; fish with fleshy filaments hanging from mouth;
b. (i. e. that in Inns of Court separating such filament in any fish, whence bar*bel(l>-
benchers), be admitted a barrister be called ; ED 2 a. [f. OF barbel f. LL barbellus dim. of
within the b. (i. e. that in courts within which barbus barbel (barba beard)]
K.C.splead), beappointed King's Counsel ;theb., bar'ber, n. One who shaves & trims
barristers, profession of barrister; (Pari.) rail customers' beards hair (now usu. hair- &
dividing off space to which non-members may dresser) ; b.'s-block, for making & displaying
be admitted on business; (inn &c.) counter wigs b.'s-pole, spirally painted & used assign.
;

across which refreshments are handed, space [ME & AF

barbour f. OF barbeor f. L *barba-
behind or room containing it barman, bar- ; torem (barba beard), see -or 2]
maid, attendants at such counter. [ME OF & bar'berry, ber'berry, n. Shrub with
barre f. LL barra etym. dub.] spiny shoots, yellow flowers, & oblong red
bar 2, v.t. Fasten (door &c.) with bar(s) berries ; its berry, [f. med. L barbaris, ber-
keep (person) in or out (barring-out, schoolboy beris,^etym. dub.]
rebellion) obstruct (path &c.)
; stay (process ; bar'bet, Bird with bristle-tufts at base
n.
or party) by legal objection exclude from ; of bill. barbet adj. = barbu bearded]
[perh. OF
consideration (esp. in imperative used as prep., barbe*tte (-et), n. Platform within fort or
e. g. bar one in betting) (slang) object to, dis- ; in ship from which guns fire over parapet &c.
like, (person, habit, &c); mark with stripe(s). without embrasure. [F dim. of barbe beard
tME barren f. OF barrer (barre bar 1 )] (F barbette = also linen up to throat showing
bar 3, n. Large European sea-fish. [Fl above dress)]
barali'pton. See Barbara. bar'biean, n. Outer defence to city or castle,
ba'rathrum, n. Pit at Athens into which esp.double tower over gate or bridge, [f. F
criminals were thrown abyss. [L, f. Gk ; barbacane etym. dub. Arab.-Pers. bab-khanah ;

barathron] gate-house is suggested]

barb , n., & v.t. Beardlike feelers of barbel
J
bar'bule, n. Filament branching from barb
&c. chin-piece of nun's headdress
; lateral ; (of feather) as barb from shaft, [f. L barbulu
filament branching from shaft of feather; sub- dim. of barba beard]
ordinate recurved point of arrow, fishhook, bar'earole, -olle, n. Song of gondolier;
&c, (fig.) sting. (Vb) furnish (arrow &c.) with imitation of it. [f. F barcarolle f. It. bar-
b. ;barbed icire, for fences, with wire prickles caruola boat-song (barca boat)]
at intervals, [f. F. barbe f. L barba beard] bard 1 , n. Celtic minstrel, (Wales) poet-
F.D.
 ; . ;; ; ;

BARD 66 BARON
recognized at Eisteddfod, whence bap'dic a. by ring-cutting bark (also ring-b.) ; abrade
early poet lyric poet poet, whence bar'd-
; ;
(one's knuckles &c.) ; encrust, [f. prec]
LING 1 n. [f. Gael. & Ir. bard] bapk 3, barque (-ark), n. Three-masted
bapd 2, n. Armour for breast & flanks of vessel with fore &
main masts square-rigged,
warhorse. Hence baP'dED 2 a. [f. F barde mizen fore-&-aft rigged (usu. barque), whence
horse-armour perh. = Sp. & Port, albarda (f. baP'k-piggED 2 a. (Poet.) any ship or boat
Arab. ?) packsaddle] (usu. bark), [f. F loth-c. barque f. Pr., Sp., or
bare 1 , a. Unclothed, undisguised, uncov- It., barca f. L barca ship's boat perh. f. Celt.]
ered, bald, unfurnished, unprotected, thread- bapk 4 , n. Usual cry of dogs, foxes, squirrels;

bare, unsheathed, ill-provided, empty, un- (fig.) sound of gun fire, of cough ; b. worse than

adorned, scanty, mere bareback a. & adv., -ed ;

bite, of testy harmless person, [f. foil.]

a., with b. back, on unsaddled horse; bare- bapk 5 v.i. & , Utter sharp explosive cry
t.

faced, without beard &c, without mask, also (ofdogs & some other animals) speak (& b. out, ;

undisguised, shameless, or impudent, whence say) petulantly, imperiously b. at, abuse ;

barefa'eedLY 2
adv., bapefa'eedNESs n. ;
(slang) cough. [OE beorcan cf. ON berkja ;

barefoot a. & adv., barefooted a., without shoes perh. variant of break]
or stockings ; b.-headed, without hat or cap. bap'kep, Noisy assailant shop or auc-
n. ;

Hence baP'iSH ]
(2) a. [OE&ser; com.-Teut., tion tout (slang) pistol, cannon, [f. prec]
;

cf. G & Du. baar] bap'ley, n. Hardy awned cereal used as

bare 2 v.t. Uncover,
, unsheathe, reveal, food & in making malt liquors & spirits its ;

strip, prec]
[f. grain; pearl b., the grain ground small; &.-
barege (-azh), n. & a. (Of) silky gauze, broth, strong ale barleycorn, grain of b.;

[orig. made at Bareges] (John Barleycorn, malt liquor personified), its

bare'ly, adv. Openly, explicitly; merely; length as measure, 3 inch, top of fore-sight on
only just ; scarcely, [bare * + -ly '-] rifle b.-mow, stack b.-sugar, twisted sweet-
; ;

bape'ness, n. Lack of covering-, un- meat b. -water, soothing decoction of pearl b.

;

adorned state, [bare i + -NESS] for invalids. [OEbaerlic; for bxr- cf. obs. bear
bape'sark, Wild Norse warrior
n. & adv. ;
barley f. OTeut. bariz ; -lie — -ly l (as if orig.
without armour, [lit. bare shirt (sark) mod. ; an adj.)]
form embodying supposed etym. of berserker] barm, n. Froth on fermenting malt liquor,
bap'gain 1 (-gin), n. Agreement on terms of yeast, leaven. [OE beorma ;
prob. com.-Teut.,
give and take, compact, thing acquired by cf. G bdjvne]
bargaining (good, bad, b., result cheaply or Bap'mecide, n. a. (Giver of benefits that &
dearly bought a b., thing acquired or offered
; are) illusory, imaginary, disappointing, [name
cheap Didch, wet, b., closed with drink into
; ; of Arabian-Nights prince whose feast to beg-
the b., beyond the strict terms, moreover; gar was rich dish-covers with nothing below]
strike a b., come to terms make best of bad b., ; barn, n. Covered building for storing grain
take misfortune &c. cheerfully), [f. OF bar- (contempt.) unadorned building b.-door, &c ; ;

gains, -caigne, f. LL *barcaneam

fig. target too large to be missed, also
(barca see lit, &
foil.)] adi. of fowls - reared at the b.-d. B.-owl,- ;

bap'gain 2, v.i. t. Haggle (with some one, White, Church, Screech, Owl b.-stormer,
& ;

or abs.) over terms of give &

take stipulate strolling player b.-yard, farmyard. [OE bere-
; ;

xoith person for thing or to receive, give, &c. ern (bere barley + xrn place)] ;

b. for, be prepared for, expect, (usu. with neg. bap'naele 1 , n. (Usu. pi.) pincers placed on
or more than); (trans.) 6. away, part with for horse's nose to coerce him into quiet for shoe-
a consideration. Hence bap'gainER * n. [f ing &c. (slang pi.) spectacles. [ME bemak f. ; ;

OF bargaigner f. LL barcaniare perh. f. barca OF bernac snub with dim. ending see -le]
'barge which carries goods to & fro', giving bap'naele 2, n. (1) Arctic goose visiting
sense either of off & on or of trading]
'
Britain in winter (also bemacle for distinction
'

barge, n., & v.L Flat-bottomed freight-boat from 2). (2) Stalked cirriped clinging by fleshy
for canals & rivers, with or without sails second foot-stalk to ship's bottom follower who
; ;

boat of man-of-war, for use of chief officers cannot be shaken off. [ME bernekke, bernake,
large ornamental oared vessel for state occa- = OF bernaque etym. dub. ; (Hi)bernicula
sions, house-boat (e.g. College &.); (vb, slang) (Irish goose), perna (a shellfish), bare + neck,
lurch or rush heavily into, against, about. are suggested; pop. mythol. represented the
[OF, prob. = bark 3 ] goose as developed out of the shellfish]
barge-, comb, form in architecture = gable. ba'pogvaph, n. Self-recording aneroid, [f.
JB. -couple, two gable beams b. -course, roof Gk baros weight + -graph(2)]
;

projecting beyond them b.-board, orna^mental bapo'logy, n. Science of weight, [as prec.
;

screen to thens. b.-stones, forming sloping or + -logy]

;

stepped line of gable, [f. med. L bargus bapd'metep, n. Instrument measuring at-
gallows] mospheric pressure used for forecasting weather
bargee', n. Man in charge of barge, [-ee] & ascertaining height above sea-level; com-
baple, a. Of or containing barium, [barium mon, siphon, wheel, aneroid, b., various sys-
+ -ic] tems; (fig.) b. of opinion &c Hence baro-
bapi'lla, n. Plant (Salsola Soda) in Spain, metric* al) aa., bapome'tPiealLY 2 adv.,
Sicily,Canaries ; impure alkali made by burn- bapo'METRY prec n. [as + -meter]
ing_either this or kelp. [Sp.] ba'pon, one who held by military
n. (Hist.)
bap*ium,n. (chem.). White metallic element, or other honourable service from the king or
basis of alkaline earth baryta. [baryta+-ium] other superior (restricted later to king's bb.»
bapk 1
, n. Outer sheath of tree trunks again to those, Great Bb., attending Great & &
branches tan quinine (also Peruvian or Council or summoned to Parliament; hence,
; ;

'Jesitits' b.) ; (slang) skin ; b.-bed, hot-bed of peer). (Mod. one of the lowest order of nobility )

tan ; b.-bound, hindered in growth by tight b. holder of foreign title (called Baron not, ,

b.-pit, of b. & water for tanning b.-tree, E like English b., Lord ) b. of beefr double
; ;

name of cinchona, [f. Scand. bark- f. OTeut. sirloin undivided. [ME & OF barun f. LL
barkuz] baronem nom. baro man (as in king's man), free-
bark 2 , v.t. Strip bark from (tree), kill (tree) man, husband, male, perh. WLbaro-onis dunce)
 ;; ;

BARONAGE 67 BARYTONE
ba'ponage Barons or great vassals
(-Ij), n. incapable of bearing, children, young, fruit,
of Crown the nobility book with
collectively ; ; vegetation, or produce meagre, unprofitable, ;

list of peers & comments. [ME & OF barnage dull (noun) barren tract of land ; barrenwort,
;

f. LL *baronaticum f. baro (prec, -age)] purple-&-yellow-flowered wood plant. Hence

ba'roness, n. Baron's wife ; lady holding ba'ppenLY 2 adv., ba'ppenNESs n. [f. OF
baronial title in her right, own [f. OF barnesse baraine (fern.), brahain, brehaing, &c, etym.
see BARON, -ESS 1 ] dub.]
ba'ponet ]
, n. Member of lowest hereditary ba'ppet, n. Flat cap, esp. the biretta. [f. F
titled order, commoner with precedence of all barrette biretta]
knights exc. K.G.s abbr. bart, added to name, ; bappiea'de 1 , (now rarely) -a'do, n. Hastily
as Sir John Jones, Bart. [dim. of baron see ; erected rampart across street &c. of barrels,
-et] carts, stones, furniture any barrier, lit. or fig. ;

ba'ponet'2 , v.t. Raise to rank of baronet, [f. F ban'icade or Sp. barricada (-ado) f. F
[f. on anal, of knight]
prec. barrique or Sp. barrica cask]
ba'ponetag-e (-ij), n. Baronets collectively bappiea'de 2 (now rarely) -a'do, v. t. Block
,
book with list of them & comments, [-age cf. ; (street &c.) with b. ; defend (place or person)
baronage] with b. [f. prec]
ba'ponetey, n. Baronet's patent or rank. ba'ppiep , n. Fence barring advance or
1

[-CY] preventing access (ancient chariot-races) ;

bapo'nial, a. Of, belonging to, befitting, barred starting-cells (foreign towns) gate at ;

baron(s). [foil. + -al] which customs are collected (tilting) the lists ;

ba'pony, n. Baron's domain, rank, tenure or enclosing palisade, also railing parallel to
(Ireland) division of county (Scotland) large ; which, but on opposite sides, tilters charged
manor, [f. OF baronie f. LL baronia see ; reaching their lances across ; any obstacle,
baron & -y ]
] boundary, or agency that keeps apart. [ME
bapo'que (-ok), a. n. Irregularly shaped, & & AFbarrere f. OF barriere f. LL barraria
grotesque whimsical style or ornamentation.
; (barra bar 1 ) later assim. to F spelling]
fF, f. Port, barroco, Sp. barrueco rough pearl, ba'ppiep 2, v.t. Close or shut in with b.
etym. dub.] (usu.with off, in), [f. prec]
bapou'che (-oosh), n. Four-wheeled carriage bap'ping*, prep. Except, not including,
with collapsible half-head, for four occupants [part, of bar 2
] 1
& driver, [f. G (dial.) barutsche f. It. baroccio ba'ppistep, n. Law student called to bar
f. L birotus (bi- 1 a + rota wheel) perh. after & having right of practising as advocate in
carroccio chariot] superior courts (in full, b.-at-law) ; rexising-b.,
barque, n. See bark 3 . one appointed to revise lists of voters at
bapquentine, bark-, (barkenten), n. parliamentary elections, [f. bar 1 (orig. the
Vessel with foremast square-rigged, main & bar in Inn of Court, later connected with that
mizen fore-&-aft rigged, [f. bark after in lawcourts) ; -ister (formerly -ester, -aster) 3
brigantine] unexplained perh. f. form barre + -ster] ;
ba'ppaek, n., & v.t. Permanent building(s) ba'ppow 1 , n. (In local names) hill;
in which soldiers are lodged (usu. pi.) (transf.) (Archaeol.) grave-mound, tumulus. [OE ;

building in which others (e. g. children) are beorg; com.-Teut., cf. G berg mountain f.
similarly herded together (vb) place in bb. OTeut. bergoz f. Aryan bhergh height]
;

[f. F baraque f. It. baracca or Sp. barraca ba'ppow 2, n. (Also hand-b.) rectangular
'
souldier's tent (1617) etym. dub.] ' frame with short shafts used by two or more
bappaeoo'n, n. Set of sheds or enclosure men for carrying loads on, stretcher, bier
for slaves, convicts, &c. [f. Sp. barracon (also wheel-b.) shallow box with shafts &
(as prec. see -oon)]
; one wheel for similar use by one man ; (also
bappacu'da, -eoo'ta, -eou'ta, (-00), n. coster's-b.) two wheeled handcart a barrowful. ;

Large W.-Ind. sea-fish. [?Sp.] [ME bareice f. OTeut. barwd f. beran bear 3 ]
bap'pag"© (-ij), n. Damming; dam (esp. of bap'tep 1 , v.t. & i. Exchange (goods or
those in Nile). [F, f. barre bar j ; see -age] immaterial things) for other goods (sometimes
ba'ppatop, -er, n. (legal). Vexatious liti- away) part with for a (usu. unworthy) con-
;

gant malicious raiser of discord,

; [f. OF sideration (usu. aivay), whence bap'tePER 1
barateor trickster (barat fraud perh. f. Celtic, n. trade by exchange, [prob. obs. barat
cf Olr. mrath,
.

ON bardtta,
W
brad meaning influenced by
strife]
;
;

defraud see
bap'tep
barrator+ -er 5]
Traffic by exchange, truck,
2 , n.
f.

ba'ppatpy, law) fraud or gross

n. (Marine (also fig., e. g. of talk) (Arith.) reckoning of ;

negligence of master or crew to prejudice of quantity of one commodity to be given for

ship's owners (Law) vexatious litigation or
;
another, values being known, [f. prec]
incitement to it. Hence ba'ppatpous a. [f. baptiza'n, n. Battlemented parapet, or
OF baraterie {barat see prec, -ery)] overhanging battlemented corner turret, at
bapped, a. In vbl senses; also [bar 1 ] top of church tower or castle, [mod. form
marked with bars, (of harbour) obstructed with (Scott) prob. f. bertisene illit. spelling of brat-
sandbar. hieing see brattice]
ba'ppel 1 , n. Flat-ended cylindrical wooden bap*ton, n. Farmyard farm not let with ;

vessel of hooped staves, cask varying measure ; rest ofmanor, but retained by owner. [OE
of capacity (b.-bulk, 5 cub. ft) revolving ; bere-tun (bere barley +tun enclosure see to wn)]
cylinder in capstan, watch, & other machines bapy'ta, n. Protoxide of barium, alkaline
cylindrical body or trunk of an object, belly earth of great weight. Hence bapy*tic a.,
& loins of horse, &c. ; metal tube of gun bapyto- comb. form. [f. foil.]
barrel-, cylindrical or semi-cylindrical, as bapy'tes, n. Native sulphate of barium,
6. -drain, -vault ; b.-organ, with pin-studded called.also heavy spar, used as white paint,
revolving cylinder acting mechanically on [f. Gk 'barus heavy, or perh. mere translit. of
keys. [f. F baril perh. f. LL barra bar ] barutes weight, with pronunc. assim. to mineral 2

ba'ppel 2 v.t. (-11-). Put in barrel(s); bar- names in -ites]

,

relled, also, = b.-shaped. [f. prec] ba'pytone (-tn), n. & a. (Voice, singer with
ba'ppen, a. (-est), & n. Not bearing, or voice, music suited to voice) between tenor
 ;
;; ;
;

BASAL 68 BASS
& basssmaller bass saxhorn in B flat or C
; basi'city, n. An acid's relative power of
(Gk (word) without acute accent on last
gr.) combining with bases, [prec. + -ty]
syllable. [f. F baryton or It. baritone f. ba'sil l (-z-), n. Kinds of aromatic herb, esp.
(gram, meaning direct f.) Gk barutonos (barus Common or Sweet B. & Bush or Lesser B.,
heavy +tonos tone)] both culinary. [f. OF basile f. L basilisca
ba'sal, a. Of, at, or forming, the base funda- ; (basiliscus basilisk), the Gk name basilicon
mental . [f. BASE 1 + -AL] royal being misinterpreted as antidote for
basalt (ba'sawlt, basawlt), n. Dark green basilisk's2 venom]
or brown igneous rock often in columnar ba'sil n. Corruption of basan. ,

strata, whence basa'ltic, basa'ltiFORM, ba'silic, a. (Of vein) starting from elbow &
aa. black porcelain invented by Wedgwood, discharging into axillary vein. [f. F. basilique
;

[f. L an African word]

basaltes f. f.L f. Gk. basilikos royal (as formerly thought
ba'san, ba'zan, n. Sheepskin tanned in of special importance)]
oak or larch bark (also basil), [f. F basane f. basi'lica, n. (Orig.) royal palace hence, ;

Pr. bazana f. Sp. badana f. Arab, bitanah oblong hall with double colonnade & apse
lining] used for lawcourt & assemblies such a ;

bas bleu (F), n. Bluestocking. building used as Christian church (in Rome) ;

ba'scule, Lever apparatus used in &.-

n. one of the seven churches founded by Con-
bridge, kind of drawbridge raised & lowered stantine. [L, f. Gk basilike (oikia, stoa) royal
with counterpoise. [F, formerly bacule see-saw (house, portico) f. basileus king, -ic]
(battre bump or bas down + cid buttocks)] basi'licon, -um, n. Kinds of ointment.
base 1
, n. That on which anything stands [-on Gk, -um L, f. Gk basilikos as .in prec. ; so
or depends, support, bottom, foundation, called as a 'sovereign remedy] '

principle, groundwork, starting-point (b.-ball, ba'silisk (-z-), n. Fabulous reptile (also cocka-
U.S. national game, more elaborate rounders, trice) hatched by serpent from cock's egg,
also ball used in it); (Arch.) part of column blasting by its breath or look; (fig.) b.-glance
between shaft & pedestal or pavement &c. evil eye, person or thing that blasts (reputa-
,

(Bot. & Zool.) end at which an organ is
attached to trunk (Geom.) line or surface on
which plane or solid figure is held to stand
(Cljem.) correlative of acid,
compound body that combines with acid
form salt (including, but wider than, alkali)
(Mil.) line or place used as stronghold or bowl
tion &c); (Zool.) small American lizard with
;
hollow crest inflated at will. [f. L f. Gk basilis-
kos kinglet,_serpent, golden-crested wren]
electro-positive basin (ba/sn), n. Hollow round metal or
to pottery vessel, less deep than wide, con- &
; tracting downwards, for holding water &c,
hollow depression dock with flood- ; ;

magazine (also b. of operations); (Surv.) gates land-locked harbour tract of country ; ;

known line used as geometrical b. for tri- drained by river & tributaries; circular or
gonometry (Math.) starting-number for oval valley
;
(Geol.) formation with strata ;

system of numeration or logarithms (as 10 in dipping towards centre, the deposit (e. g. coal)
decimal counting). [F, f. L f. Gk basis (baino contained in this. Hence ba*sinFUL(2) n.
step, stand)] [ME & OF bacin (F bassi?i) f. LL bachinus perh.
base , v.t. Found (something)
2 on establish for baccinus (bacca water-vessel)] ;

(with adv., as firmly) b. oneself on, rely upon ba'sinet, ba'snet, n. Light steel headpiece,
;

(in argument &c). [f. prec] [f. OF bacinet dim. of bacin basin]

base 3 , a. (Orig.) of small height (now only ba'sis, n. (pi. bases). — base l (chiefly in fig.
in plant names as b.-rocket). Morally low, senses) main ingredient, foundation, begin- ;

cowardly, selfish, mean, despicable, whence ning, determining principle common ground ;

ba'seLY adv. menial; (Law) b. tenure, for negotiation &c. military base. [L = base *]
2 ; ;

estate, fee, not absolute, but determinable on bask, v.i. Revel in warmth & light (usu.
fulfilment of contingent qualification; (Lang.) in the sun, firelight, &c.) ; basking-shark,
not classical (b. Latinity) ; b.-born, of low largest species of shark (also Sunfi-sh &
birth, illegitimate b.-court, outer court of ; Sailfish). [prob. f. ON *bathask (cf. or = other)
castle or court behind farmhouse b. metals, ; refl. of batha bathe x
]
opposed to precious b. coin, spurious, alloyed. ; ba'sket J
, n. Wicker
vessel of osiers, cane,
Hence ba'sexESS bas f. LL bassus n. [f. F rushes, &c. ; the quantity contained in it (also
short (in L as cognomen) etym. dub] basketful) ; wicker singlestick handguard
ba'seless, a. Groundless, unfounded. Hence pick of the b., best of the lot; basket-, of b.
ba'selessxESS n. [base *, -less] shape as b.-hilt, of b. material or fashion as
ba'sement, n. Lowest or fundamental b. -carriage, -work. Hence ba'sketRY(o) n.
part of structure ; inhabited storey sunk below [etym. dub.-; bascauda is mentioned by Martial
ground level, [base n. or v. + -ment] as a British utensil]
bash, v.t. Strike heavily so as to smash in ba'sket 2, v.t. Put in a b, waste-paper or
(often in), [perh. imit., cf. "bang, smash; or = other, [f. prec]
Sw. basa flog, Da. baske cudgel] ba'son \ n. = basin.
bashaw, n. Earlier form of pasha. ba'son 2 & v.t. Bench for felting hat
, n.,
ba'shful, Shy shamefaced, sheepish.
a. ; material ;[perh. = basin]
(vb) felt.
Hence taa'shfulLY 2 adv., ba'shfulxESS n. basque (-sk),n. & a. (1) Biscayan, (native or
[f. obs. bash vb for abash -f -ful] language) of Western Pyrenees. (2) Short con-
bashi-bazou'k, (-ook), n. Mercenary of tinuation of bodice below waist bodice having ;

Turkish irregulars, notorious for pillage & this. [F, f. LL Vasco -onis ; whether 2 is from
brutality. Hence bashibazou*kERY(4, 5) n. 1 is not known]
[mod. Turk., lit. brain-turned] bas-relief, bass-, n. (Piece of) shallow
basi-, stem of many adjj. in Physiol. Of, at, carving or sculpture on background (less than
forming, the base of. [base 1 , basis] half the true depth), [f. F bas-relief L It.
ba'sic, a. Of, at, forming, base funda- ; basso-Hlievo low relief see base 3 ] ;

mental (Chem.) having base atomically more bass \ n. Common Perch Black B., Perch
; ;

than acid (salts) (Min.) slightly silicated of Lake Huron ; European sea-fish (also Sea-
;

(igneous rock) prepared by non-siliceous wolf and Sea-dace), [earlier barse f. OE bxrs
;

process (steel), [base l + -icj com.-Teut. f. root bars- bristle]

 ;

BASS 69 BATTALION
bass 2 , n. Inner bark of lime, used for mats, or -allowance, b.-man (in charge of horse),
hassocks, baskets, for tying plants, flowers,& [f. F bat packsaddle f. OF bast f. LL basttim

&c. b.-wood, Amer. lime, its wood, [corrup-

; perh. f. Gk bastazo lift]
tion of bast] bata'ta (-ahta), n. W. -Indian plant, Sweet
bass 3 , a. & n. Deep-sounding ; (of, suited to) or Spanish Potato. [Sp. Port. f. native &
lowest part in harmonized music (man with) ; American]
b. voice thorough-b., b. part with shorthand
; Bata'vian, a. & n. (Inhabitant) of ancient
indications below of the proper harmony, hence Batavia (between Rhine & Waal) or of modern
theory of harmony b.-viol, violoncello. [ME ; Holland, Dutch(man). [f. L Batavia (Batavi
bas base see base 3 now bass after It. basso] ; Pi-)]
ba'sset n. Short-legged badger-dog. [F,
1
, batch, n. Loaves produced at one baking ;
dim. of bas basse low see base 3 ] ; quantity or number of anything coming at
ba'sset 2, n. Obsolete card -game. [f. It. once or treated as a set. [ME bache (bacan
bassetta f. bassetto dim. of basso base 3 ] bake) cf. wake watch]
ba'sset 3 , n., & v.i., (geol.). Edge of stratum bate 1 , v.t. & i. Let down (b. hope &c), re-
cropping out; (vb) crop out. [?] strain (bated breath); deduct (part of; usu.
ba'sset-horn, n. Tenor clarinet, [transl. with neg., esp. not b. a jot of) ; fall off in force,
of F cor de bassette f. It. bassetto see basset 2
]
[for abate]
bassine't, n. Hooded wicker cradle or bate 2 , n., & v.t. Alkaline lye for suppling
perambulator. dim. of bassin basin][F, hides ; (vb) steep in this. [=S\v. beta to tan, G
bassoo'n, n. Wooden double-reed instru- beissc maceration f. beissen cause to bite
ment used as bass to oboe ; organ stop & BAIT x
]
harmonium reeds of similar quality. Hence bath* (-th, pi -dhz), Bath, n. (1) Washing;
bassoo'niST(3) n. [f. F basson (bas base 3 + immersion in liquid, air, &c, (b. of blood,
-on see -oon, or bas son deep sound)] carnage) ; water &c. for bathing, wash, lotion,
basso- ritievo (It.), n. (pl.-o.s). = bas-relief. surrounding medium; vessel, room (also b.-
bast, n. Inner bark of lime (see bass ); 2 room), or building, for bathing in (see Turk-
other flexible fibrous barks. [OE bxst com.- ; ish) town resorted to for medical bathing.
;

Teut., etym. dub.] (2) Order of knighthood (B. for C.B., K.C.B., ;

ba'stard, & a.
(Child) born out of wed-
n. G.C.B., see C, K, G) named from the b. pre-
lock or of adultery, illegitimate; (of things) ceding installation. (3) Town in Somerset
unauthorized, hybrid, counterfeit ; b. slip, named from hot springs (B.-bnn; B.-brick,
sucker of tree (also tig., = bastard n.); (Bot.) preparation for cleaning metal B. chair, ;

nearly resembling another species (b. balm); wheeled for invalid B. stone, oolite building- ;

(Zool.) b. wing, rudimentary extra digit with stone). [OE bxth; com.-Teut., cf. G bad f.
,
'
quill-feathers. [OF, f. bast (bat-) packsaddle OTeut. bathom perh. f. bajo- foment cf. L
(used as bed by muleteer) + -ard ; cf. bantling] fovere keep warm]
ba'stardize, v.t. Declare illegitimate. bath 2 (-ah- or -a- in all parts), v.t. Subject to
Hence ba'stardiZA'TiON n. [prec. 4- -ize] washing in b. (child or invalid, of nurse &c).
ba'stardy, n. Illegitimacy, [f. AF & OF [f. prec.J
bastardie see bastard, -y x ]
; bathe1 (-dh),
v.t. i. Immerse (in liquid,&
baste , v.t. Stitch together, tack, (as prelim,
1 air, light, &c.) ; (of person or river, liquid, &c.)
to regular sewing), [f. OF bastir (now bdtir) moisten all over; (of sunlight, &c.) envelop;
perh. f. LL bastire construct, build ; but cf. take a bath or bathe, so bathing-machine,
also bast] wheeled dressing-box drawn into sea for bath-
baste 2, v.t. Moisten (roasting meat) with ing from. [OE bathian (-dh-) com.-Teut, cf. ;

fat to prevent burning pour melted ; wax &c. G baden ; for bathe (-dh), bath, cf. graze,
on (wicks in candlemaking). [?] grass]
baste 3 , v.t. Thrash, cudgel, [perh. = Sw. bathe 2, ba'ther, nn. Taking, taker, of a
basa flog (basit, baste, baist, as past or p.p. in bath, esp. in sea, river, swimming-bath. [f.
early exx. ; cf. hoist 1 2 ); or flg. use of prec. * prec. in intr. sense]
(cf .dry basting Shaksp. )]
'
' bathe'tic, a. Marked by bathos, [irreg. f.
basti'lle (-el), n. Fortress Paris prison- ; Gk bathos on false anal, of pathetic (f. pathe-
fortress destroyed 1789 prison. [F, f. LL ;
tos, not pathos)]
bastilia pi. of bastile f. bastire build] batho'meter, n. Spring balance used in
bastina'do, n., & v.t. (Punish with) caning ascertaining depth of water, [f. Gk bathos
on soles of feet. [f. Sp. bastonada (baston depth + -meter]
stick) see -ado(2)] ba'thos, n. Fall from sublime to ridiculous ;

ba'stion, n. Projecting part of fortification, anticlimax performance absurdly below occa- ;

irregular pentagon with its base in the line (or sion. [Gk, = depth]
at an angle) of the main works. Hence bathymetr-, stem of scientific words. Of
ba'stionED 2 a. [F, f. It. bastione f. LL ba- depth-measurement, [f. Gk bathus (translit.
stire build perh. f. same root as baston baton] -2/.s-[deep + -meter]
ba'syl(e), n. (chem.). Body that unites with ba'ting-, prep. Except, [part, of bate *]
oxygen to form a base, [f Gk basis base i + -yl] bati'ste (-est), n. & a. (Of) fine light fabric
.

bat 1 , n. Nocturnal mouse-like quadruped like cambric in texture. [F, f. Baptiste of

with fingers extended as frame of membranous Cambrai, first maker]
wings bat-, often = purblind,
; [f. 1575, dis- baton (batn), n. Staff of office, esp. Marshal's
placing ME bakke f. Scand.] b. constable's truncheon (Herald.) truncheon ; ;

bat 2, n., & v.i. Cricket implement (ozone's in shield (b. sinister, badge of bastardy) (Mus.) ;

own b. cricket or fig., unaided carry one's b., conductor's wand for beating time. [f. F baton
;

be not out at end of innings; (also batsman) f. OF baston etym. dub.]

f)erformer with it; (vb) use b., have innings), batra'ehian (-k-), a. & n. Of frogs (one) ;

f. OF batte club (battre strike see abate)] of the Batrachia, or animals that discard gills
bat 3, n. (slang). Pace of stroke or step (went & tail. [f. Gk batrakheios (batrakhos frog) 4- -an]
off at a rare b.). [?] batta'lion, n. Large body of men in battle
bat-, bat- (bah, baht), comb. form. For array (God is for the big bb., force prevails)
officers' baggage on campaign b.-horse, b.-pay body of infantry composed of several com-
;
 ; ;

BATTELS 70 BAZAAR
panies & forming part of regiment, body of cock, [from 1440
perh. f. Pr. batedor beater
;

engineers, [f. F battaillon (now bata-) f. It. + -dor =

(batre beat -tor)]
battaglione f. battaglia battle *] battlement, n. (usu. in pi.). Indented
ba'ttels, n. pi. College account at Oxford parapet (raised parts, cops or merlons ; gaps,
for board & provisions supplied, or for all col- embrasures or crenelles) ; parapet enclosed &
lege expenses, vb battle fatten f. roof. Hence battlementED 2 a. [f. OF
[perh. f. obs.
obs. adj. battle nutritious cf. batten ] batailles temporary wooden turrets, batailler
4

batten , n. Board (6ft or more long, provide with these etym. dub. the F vb was
1
; ;

7in.x 2k or less broad & thick) used for floor- later identified with bastillier cf. bastille]
ing bar of wood used for clamping boards of
;
battue (batoo', or as F), n. Driving of game
door &c. (Naut.) strip of wood nailed on spar
;
by beaters to the sportsmen's station ; shooting-
to save rubbing, or securing hatchway tar- party on this plan ; wholesale slaughter. [F]
paulin. Hence batteniNGM6) n. [var. of bau'ble, n. Showy trinket court fool's ;

RATO\l emblem, a stick with ass-eared head carved on

ba'tten 2, v.t. Strengthen with bb. ; (Xaut.) it ; trifle, toy, thing of no worth, [f. OF babel
b. down, close the hatches (see batten l ). [f. child's toy, &
perh. also partly f. ME babyll
prec] Sc vb bablyn flicker perh. f. bob 3 ]
ba'tten 3 n. Bar in silk-loom striking in the
, baulk. See balk.
weft. F
battant (battre strike, -ant)J
[f. bawbee, n. (Sc.) Halfpenny. [?]
ba'tten , v.i. Feed gluttonously on, revel
4 bawd, n. Procuress obscene talk. ; [?]
in, (often implying morbid taste) ; grow fat. bawdy, a. & n. Obscene (talk); b. -house,
[perh. f. ON
batan get better (bati advantage brothel. Hence bawdiNESS n. [f. prec]
cf.BOOT 2 )] bawl, v.t. i. &
Say, speak, in a noisy way
ba'tter K &
Strike repeatedly so as to
v.t. i. (oftenwith out, also with at, against, &c). [f.
bruise or break (person, thing, or abs. ; also med. L baidare bark]
with advv. about, down, in; intr., b. at & bawn, n. Court of a castle cattlefold. [f. ;

the door) operate against (walls &c.) with

; Ir.bdbhun etym. dub.]
artillery; (tig.) handle severely (theories, per- bay K n. Kind of tree or shrub (pi.) wreath ;

sons); beat out of shape, indent; (Printing) of its leaves worn by conquerors or poets,
deface (type) by use battering-charge, full ; heroic or poetic fame b.-rum, perfume made ;

charge of powder for cannon battering-ram, ; from the leaves, [f. OF baie f. L baca berry]
swinging beam anciently used for breaching bay 2, n. Part of sea filling wide-mouthed
walls, sometimes with ram's-head end ; batter- opening of land recess in mountain range
;

ing-train, set of siege guns. [f. obs. vb bat, cf. Bay-state, Massachusetts, [f. F baie f. LL
OF batre, + -er (5)] baia perh. associated with, but not from,
battep 2, n. Mixture of ingredients beaten badata in foil.]
up with liquid for cooking ; defect in printing- bay 3, n. Division of wall between columns
type or stereotype plate, [f. prec] or buttresses; recess (horse-b., stall; sickb.,
battep 3 , v.i. & n. (Have) receding slope part of main deck used as hospital) space ;

from ground upwards (of walls narrower at added to room by advancing window from
top). Iperh. F abattre depress] wall line (b.-window, filling such space), [f. F
ba'ttepy, n. (Law) infliction of blows, or of baie OF baie = L badata) f. bayer OF baer,
(

the least menacing touch to clothes or person beer, gape]

(esp. in phr. assault & &.); (Mil.) set of guns bay ,
4n. Bark of large dog, of hounds in
for combined action with their men & horses, pursuit, esp. the chorus raised as they draw
platform or fortification made to contain guns, close ; (in phrr. lit. of hounds quarry, fig. &
(fig.) turn a man's b. against himself (in argu- of persecutors &
victim, applied to the hunted
ment) ; (in various sciences & arts) set of animal) stand or be at, turn to, hold hounds
similar or connected cells, instruments, or &c. at, b., show fight; (applied to hounds)
utensils (electric, galvanic, optical, cooking) hold or have at, bring or drive to, b., come to
hammered brass or copper vessels, [f. F bat- close quarters (with quarry), [mixture of (1)
terie (battre strike, see -ery)] & OF tenir a bay = It. tenere a bada hold agape
batting?, n. In vbl senses also, cotton ; or in suspense (see badata in prec.) (2) F &
fibre prepared in sheets for quilts &c. [bat 2 etre aux abois be at (close quarters with) the
+ -ING 1
] barking (OF abai)]
battle !
, n. Combat, esp. between large bay 5 , v.i. & t. (Of large dogs) bark bark at, ;

organized forces (general's b., decided by esp. b. the moon. [OF bayer (mod. aboyer)
strategy or tactics, soldier's b., by courage; bark perh. f. LL badare gape]
pitched b., one fought by common consent; bay 6, a. & n. Reddish-brown, (horse), [f. F
b. royal, in which several combatants or all bait. L badius]
available forces engage, free fight) victory ; Bay'apd, n. Chivalrous person. [French
(the b. is to the strong, youth is half the hero, 'chevalier sans peur et sans reproche',
b.) join, give, refuse, accept, offer, do, b.
; ;
1475-1524]
b.-axe, medieval weapon b.-piece, picture or ; bayonet 1
, n. Stabbing blade attachable to
literary description of a battle-scene line ofb., ; rifle-muzzle or bb., military force (with
; the b., ;

troops or ships drawn up to fight l.-of-b. ship ; prefixed number) so many infantry (cf. sabre) ;

(obs.), of 74 or more guns; b.-ship (mod.), Spanish b., a plant, species of Yucca, [perh. f.
adapted by armour for regular engagement Bayonne as made or first used there]
(opp. cruiser as l.-of-b. ship to frigate). [ME bayonet 2 , v.t. Stab with b. ; b. into,
batayle f. OF
bataille f. LL battualia neut. pi. coerce by military force (or fig. by pressure)
of adj. battualis f. battuere beat] into. [f. prec]
battle 2 , v.i. Struggle with or against (diffi- bayou (bi'u), n. Marshy offshoot of river in
culties, the waves, &c). [f. F batailler southern N. America, [f. F boyau gut f. L
(bataille = prec.)] botulus sausage]
battledore, n. Wooden instrument like bay-salt, n. Salt in large crystals obtained
canoe paddle used in washing, baking, &c. ; by evaporation, [perh. = sea salt f. bay 2]
wooden, stringed, or parchmented bat used bazaar' (-zar), n. Oriental market fancy ;

with shuttlecock in the game b. shuttle- & fair in imitation of this, esp. sale of goods for
 ;; J ;;

BDELLIUM 71 BEAN
charities, [f. Pers. bazar prob. through Turk. to treat in the manner of, from nouns as be-
& It.] cloud, beguile, befriend; (7) making adjj. in
bdellium, Balsam-bearing tree its resin.
n. ; -ed 2, from nouns, as bexvigged, befiagged, (usu.
[L, f. Gk bdellion transl. of Heb. b'dolakh of with some contempt).
uncertain meaning (carbuncle or crystal or beach 1 , n. Water- worn pebbles; sea-shore
pearl)] covered with these shore between high &low
;

be, substantive, copulative,

v. auxiliary
(pres. ind., am, art, is, pi. are ; past ind., was
pr. woz, wast or xcert, xcas, pi. were pr. war &
wer pres. subj., be; past subj., were, exc.
;
2 sing, xcert; imperat., be; part., being; p.p.,
been pr. ben. Isn't, xcasnt, aren't pi., xceren't,
are legitimate in actual or printed talk;
ain't, an't, for am not is sometimes held
vulgar ain't for is not, are not, is wrong).
; names) ; lighthouse guide or warning. [OE
& watermark; b.-comber, long wave rolling in.
Pacific-island settler; b.-master, officer superin-
tending disembarkation of troops; b.-rest,
chair-back for sitting against on b. [?]
beach 2, v.t. Run (ship, boat) ashore, haul
up. If. prec]
bea'con l (-e-), n. Signal, signal-fire on pole
or hill ; signal station ; conspicuous hill (in
;

(1) Vb sabst.: Exist, occur, live, (often with biacn f. OTeut. bauknom cf. beckon]
there God is, there is a God ; for the time
; bea'con 2 , v.t. Give light to, guide supply ;
being, temporarily) remain, continue, {let
; (district) with beacons, [f. prec.
it be, do not be long) (with advv. or adv. ; bead. 1 , n. (Orig.) prayer. Small perforated
phrr.) occupy such a position, experience such ball for threading with others on string, used
a condition, have gone to such a place, in counting one's prayers (tell one's bb. the ) ;

busy oneself so, hold such a view, be bound same used for ornament drop of liquid, bubble
;

for such a place, (is in the garden, has been to small knob in fore-sight of gun (draxo a b. on.
Rome, be off, hoxo w
he ?, xohat are you at?, take aim at) (Arch.) moulding like a bead
;

I am for tariff reform, for London) ; (with series, or small one of semicircular section
dat.) befall {woe is me). (2) Vb cop. (with ; b.-roll, list of names, long series, (orig. of per-
nouns, adjj., or adj. phrr.) belong under such sons to be prayed for) beadsman, pensioner
;

a description {I am
a man, sick, of good coxir- bound to pray for benefactor, almsman. [ME
age) ; coincide in identity with, amount to, bede f. OE gebed (or *bedxi) prayer, see bid x ]
cost, signify, (thou art the man, txcice txco is , v.t. & i. bead 2
Furnish with bb. string ;

four, it is nothing to me, xchat are these pears ?). form or grow into bb. [f. prec]
together ;

(3) ausc. : With p.p. of trans, vbs forming

Vb bea'ding*, n. In vbl senses; also, a bead
passives (this xcas done) ; with p.p. of some intr. moulding, [bead 1 see -ing x ] ;

vbs, as fall, come, groxc, forming perfects (the bea'dle, n. Apparitor of trades guild or
sun is set, Babylon is fallen) ; with pres. part, company; parish officer appointed by vestry.
act. forming continuous tenses act. &
pass, (he Hence bea'dlesHiP n. [OE bydel f. OTeut.
is building a house, the house xcas building); bxidiloz f. biudan announce]
with pres. part. pass, forming continuous tenses bea'dledom, n. Stupid officiousness.
pass, (the house was being built) with infln. [-DOM] ;

expressing duty, intention, possibility, (I am to bea'dy, a. (Of eyes) small & bright covered ;

inform you, he is to be there, the house is to let, with beads or drops, [bead l ]
he is to be hanged, xt xcas not to be founa]) were bea'gle, n. Small dog tracking by scent
;

with infin. in hypotheses (if I xcere, or were formerly used in hare-hunting spy, bailiff, &c. ;

I, to tell you). (4) Parts used as adjj., advv., [perh. f. F M-guexde open throat (beer gape)]
nouns may-be, perhaps, a possibility the to-be,
: beak 1 , n. Bird's bill (esp. in birds of prey,
;

the future might-have-beens, past possibilities

; & when strong & hooked) similar mandible- ;

xcould-be, that yearns, or fancies himself, to be end of other animals, as turtle hooked nose ;

be-all, whole being, essence, [f. three vbs (1) projection at prow of ancient war-ship spout. ;

Aryan es-, Gk, L, & OTeut. es-, Skr. as-, to be Hence beakED 2 a. [f. F bee f. LL beccus of
(2) OTeut. xces-, Skr. vas-, remain (3) Skr. bhu-, Gaulish origin]
;

Gkphu-, lifu-, OTeut. beo-, become. From (1) beak 2, n. (slang). Magistrate. [?]
come am (cf. Gk esmi), art (cf. ON est, later bea'ker, n. Large drinking-cup lipped ;

ert), is, are (cf. OX erxim, L sumxis, Gk esmes) glass vessel for scientific experiments. [ME
from (2) come xcas, xcast, xcert, xcere from (3) biker cf. G becher perh. f. med. L bicarixim
;

come be, being, been] perh. f. Gk bikos]

be-, pref. f. OE be-, weak form of prep. &adv.
2
, n. beam
Long piece of squared timber in
bi by, accented form of which appears in house or ship building; cylinders in loom on
by -law, by-icord, bygone, &c. The orig. mean- which warp & cloth are wound chief timber ;

ing is about, which is variously developed as of plough bar of balance (kick the b., prove ;

in before (about the front), bespatter (spatter the lighter, be defeated) shank of anchor ;

all about), bespeak (speak about, making vbs lever in engine connecting piston rod &
trans.), bedevil (say devil about), benight (bring crank (pi.) horizontal cross-timbers of ship ;

night about), behead (take the head from about), supporting deck & joining sides (starboard,
bejexcel (put jewels about). As new vbs are larboard, b., right & left sides, as land on
constantly formed, & only the well-estab- I. b. &c.) = ship's breadth {on her b.-ends, on ;

lished or peculiar ones can be given, the chief her side, almost capsizing, fig. in danger, »<"•
varieties are here numbered for reference a loss) ray or pencil of light radiance, bright
: ; ;

(1)Adding notion of all over, all round, to trans, [OE Mam

look, smile. tree com.-Teut., cf.
; G
vb, as beset, besmear; (2) adding notion of baum, Du. boom, tree, & perh. Gk phu-, Skr.
thoroughness, excess, to trans, vb, as bedrug, bhxi-, grow]
bescorch (3) making intr. vbs trans., as bemoan,
; beam 2 ,v.t. & i. Emit (light, affection, &c);
bestraddle (1) forming trans, vbs = to make
; shine. Hence bea'miNG 2 a. [f. prec]
from adjj. &
nouns as befoul, bedim, be- bea'my, a. Radiant (rare) (poet., of spears
bishop (5) making trans, vbs = to call so
; so & &c) huge broad (of ships), [beam *, -Y 2]
;
;

from nouns, as bedevil, bemadam (6) making ; bean, n. (Kinds of leguminous plants bearing 1

)
trans, vbs = to surround with, to affect with, smooth kidney -shaped seed in long pods;

For compounds of be- not given consult BE-,

 ;;:;
; ;;
;
:;

BEAN-FEAST 72 BEAUTIFUL
similar seed of other plants, as coffee full of\ beast, n. Animal quadruped
; ; ; (Farming)
bb., b.-fed, in high spirits. [OE Man; com.- bovine animal, esp. fatting-cattle (collect, pi.
Teut., cf. G. bohne, & perh. Ifaba] beast) animal for riding or driving brutal
; ;

bea'n-feast, n. Employer's annual dinner man person that one dislikes The B., Anti-
; ;

to workpeople. [?] christ the b., the animal nature in man. [f. OF
;

bear 1 (har), n. Heavy partly carnivorous beste f. L bestia]

thick-furred plantigrade quadruped rough ; bea'stliness,n. Gluttony, drunkenness,
unmannerly person, whence beap'iSH a., 1
obscenity disgusting food or drink, [f. foil.]
;

bear'ishNESS n. Great, Little, B., northern ; foea'stly \ a. Like a beast or its ways
constellations (St. Exch.) speculator for a fall,
;
unfit for human use, dirty; (colloq.) undesir-
one who sells stock for future delivery hoping able. [-LY M
to buy it cheap meanwhile, & therefore tries bea'stly 2, adv. (slang). (Intensifying adjj.
to bring prices down (cf. bull, & see foil.). & advv. used in bad sense cf. jolly) very, ;

B.'s-breech, acanthus B.'s-foot, kinds of helle- regrettably, (b. drunk, wet, raining b. hard).
;

bore b.-garden, scene of tumult; b.'s-grease, [-LY2]

;

pomade; bearskin, (wrap &c.) of b.'s skin, beat 1 , v.t. & i. (past beat; p.p. beaten, but
Guards' tall furry cap; b.-leader, travelling beat in dead-beat, often in sense surpassed, &
tutor. [OE Mr a com.-Teut., cf. G bar, & perh. sometimes in other senses). Strike repeatedly
;

liferus wild] (t. & i. b. the breast, in mourning b. black ; ; &

bear 2, v.i. & t. (St. Exch.). Speculate for blue, bruise b. the air, strive in vain b. at door, ; ;

a fall produce fall in price of (stocks &c). [f. knock loudly b. path, make it by trampling),
;
;

prec, perh. w. ref. to selling the b.'s skin before inflict blows on, (of sun, rain, wind) strike (upon
killing the b.] something, or abs.) overcome, surpass (b. hol- ;

beap 3 (bar), v.t. & i. (bore, borne or born, see loiv, easily), be too hard for, perplex move up ;

below*). (1) Carry (poet, or formal, exc. in the & down (t. & i. of wings) move rhythmically ;

senses or contexts following) b. or 6. away, (heart &c. beats, b. time, seconds, &c.) shift, : ;

win (the palm, bell, prize) ; carry visibly, show, drive, alter, deform, by blows (b. down, back,
be known by, (banner, device, arms, the marks away, off; b. in, crush b. down price or seller, ;

of, name, relation or ratio to b. oneselfWell &c., cheapen or bargain with 6. up eggs &c, reduce
; ;

behave) bring at need (b. xoitness, company

; to froth, powder, paste b. or b. out metal, ; ;

b. a hand, help) wield (office, rule) carry forge) (Naut.) b. tip, aboid, strive, tack, against
; ; ;

internally (b. a grudge b. in mind, remember) wind strike (bushes, water) to rouse game (b.
; ;

wear (b. arms, the sword) b. out, confirm about the bush, approach subject slowly, shilly-
; ; M
borne away (by external force or influence, or shally ; b. up recruits &c, collect; 6. up the
internal impulse) is borne in upon one, be-
; quarters of, visit b. one's brains, search for ;

comes one's conviction. (2) Sustain (weight, ideas b. the bounds, mark parish boundaries ;

responsibility, cost b. a part in, share) stand by striking certain points with rods) play the
; ; ;

(test &c), endure (grin b. it), tolerate, put &

drum (b. a parley, a retreat, propose terms, re-
up with (cannot b. him), whence beap'ABLE tire). [OE Matan com.-Teut., cf. ON bauta ;

a. ; be capable of upholding weight (ice bears); f. OTeut. baidan]

b. with, treat forbearingly b. up, (trans.) up- beat 2, n. Stroke on drum, signal so given ;
;

hold, (intr.) not despair borne on the books of, movement of conductor's baton
; measured ;

paid by. (3) Thrust, strive, apply weight, tend, sequence of strokes or sounds throbbing ;

(b. doum, overthrow ; b. hard on, oppress b. sentinel's or constable's appointed course ;

upon, be relevant to bring to b., apply b. to one's habitual round sportsman's range, [f.
; ; ;

the right, incline b. down, swoop

away, off, ; prec]
b. up, bring ship into direction of wind ; b. up bea'ten, a. In vbl senses ; also or esp.
for, change ship's course so as to sail towards. worn hard, trite ;shaped by the hammer ex- ;

(4) Produce, yield, give birth to. *The p.p. is hausted, dejected, [p.p. of beat 1 ]
borne, exc. that born is used in pass, parts re- bea'tep, n. In vbl senses esp. man em- ; :

ferring to human other mammal birth even & ; ployed to rouse game implement for beating ;

then borne is used before by with the mother flat. [BEATi-f-ER 1 ]

(has borne a child born 1901 born of, borne by, beati'fie. a. Making blessed, [f. L beati-
; ;

Eve). [Aryan OE, OHG, beran, cf. Gk pher-, ficus (beatus p.p. of be- re bless, & see -fic)]
;

lifer-] bea'tifiea'tion, n. Making or being blessed; *

beard 1 , n. Hair of lower face (exclud- (R.-C.Ch.) first step to canonization, announce-
ing usu. the moustache, & sometimes the ment that dead person is in bliss. [F, f. L
whiskers) chin tuft of animals gills of oyster
; beatificare (prec), -ation] ;

attachment threads of some shellfish beak- bea'tify, v.t. Make happy (R.-C.Ch.) an- ; ;

bristles of birds awn of grasses Old-Man's nounce as in prec. [f. L (prec, -FY)]
; ;

B., = Traveller's Joy. Hence beap'dED 2 bea'ting", n. In vbl senses esp. a chastise- , ; :

beap'dLESS, aa., beap'dlessNESS n. [com.- ment a defeat, [f. beat l ] ;

Teut., cf. G bart] bea'titude, n. Blessedness; (pi.) the bless-

beard 2 v.t. , Oppose openly, defy. [f. prec] ings in Matt. v. 3-11. [F, f. L beatitudo (beatus
beap'ep, n. Person or thing that carries see beatific, -tude)]
part-carrier of coffin ; (India) palanqiiin-carrier, beau (bo), n. (pi. beaux, pr. boz). Fop
domestic servant bringer of letters or message,
; lady's-man, lover. [OF, f. L bellus pretty perh.
presenter of cheque (with adj. good &c.) ; — *benlus dim. cf. bene, bonus good]
plant &c. that produces well &c. [bear 3 +-er ] ]
beau ide'al (bo), n. One's highest type of
beap'ing", n. In vbl senses also or esp. ; excellence or beauty. [F (-£al), = the ideal Beau-
behaviour heraldic charge or device relation,
; ; tiful (often misconceived in E as a beautiful
aspect, (consider it in all its bb. what is the ; ideal) see prec & ideal a.]
;

b. of this on the argument?); (pi.) parts of beau monde (bo mawnd), n. Fashionable
machine that bear the friction direction in ; society. [F|
which a place &c. lies, (pi.) relative positions Beaune (bon), n. A red Burgundy wine.
(have lost my &&., do not know where I am) beau'teous (bu-), a. Beautiful (poet). [ME
b.-rein, fixed rein from bit to saddle, forcing Mute BEAUTY + -OUS]
horse to arch its neck, [bear 3 -ing x ] , beau'tiful, a. Delighting the eye or ear,
 ;;; ;;;

BEAUTIFY 7
I
BEDOUIN
gratifying any taste, (b. face, voice, soup, bat- take b., become, be, ill
to, keep, one's make ;

ting) morally or intellectually impressive,

; theb., arrange the coverings lie in the b. one ;

charming, or satisfactory (b. patience, organiza- has made, take consequences of one's acts
tion, specimen). Hence beairtifulLY 2 adv. bedchamber (archaic exc. of royal, as Groom,
[BEAUTY + _-FUL] Lady, &c, of the b.-c), bedroom; b.-clothcs,
beairtify (bu-), v.t. Make beautiful adorn. ; &c, of b. ; bedfellow, sharer of
sheets, pillows,
Hence beau'tifiER 1 (1, 2) n. [beauty + -fy] associate; bedgoion, woman's nightdress,
b.,
beau'ty (bu-), n. Combination of qualities, northern woman's short jacket b.-key, wrench ;

as shape, proportion, colour, in human face or for (un)fastening bedstead bedmaker, (wo)man ;

form, or in other objects, that delights the
sight ; combined qualities delighting the other
senses, the moral sense, or the intellect a b.,
beautiful person or thing (often ironical)
beautiful women a beautiful trait or feature,
ornament, {that's the b. of it, the particular
point that gives satisfaction) ; b.-sleep, before
midnight b.-spot, small patch placed on lady's
; crepit, [OE bedreda
face as foil to complexion, beautiful scene.
tending college rooms at Oxf. Camb. ; b.-pan, &
invalid's chamber utensil for use in b. ; bed-
; post, upright support of b. (in twinkling of bed-
post, prob. transf. f. bedstajf, loose cross-piece
; of old bedsteads often used as handy weapon
between you & &
me the bedpost, in confidence)
be'drid(den), confined to b. by infirmity, de-
(rida rider), -en by confu-
sion w. p.p.] ; bedroom, for sleeping in b.-side, ;

[ME bealte, beute, f. OF bealte, beaute, f. L side of esp. invalid's b. (good b.-s. manner, of
bellus pretty see beau, -ty] ; tactful doctors) bedsore, developed in invalid
;

beaux yeux (F), n. Beauty charms. ; by lying in b. ; b.-spread, coverlet ; bedstead,

bea*vep l, Amphibious broad-tailed soft-
n. framework of b. bedstraw, kinds of plant, ;

furred rodent, building huts and dams its fur ; esp. (Our) Lady's b.-s. bedtick, quadrangular ;

hat of this. [OE beofor = LG bever, G biber, L bag holding feathers &c. for b. ; bedtime, hour
fiber reduplicated f. Aryan bhru- brown]
; for going to b. 2. Flat base on which anything
bea'ver 2 , n. Lower face-guard of helmet. rests ; garden plot filled with plants, swamp
[ME & OF baviere bib (bare saliva)] with osiers bottom of sea, river, &c. (b.-rock,
;

bea'verteen, n. Cotton twilled cloth with solid rock underlying alluvial deposits &c,
pile of loops, [f. beaver l after velveteen] fig. ultimate facts or principles of a theory,
becal'm (-ahm), v.t. (1) Make calm (sea &c). character, &c.) foundation of road or railway
;

(2) Deprive (ship) of wind. [(1) be-(2)+calm v., slates &c. of billiard table central part of ;

(2) calm n.]

be-(6) 4- gun-carriage ; stratum layer of oysters &c. ;

becau'se (-6z, -awz), adv. and conj. For the [com.-Teut., cf. G bett perh. f. Aryan bhodh-
reason {that & clause, archaic) by reason, on ; whence Lifodere dig]
account, {of & noun) for the reason that, ; bed 2, v.t. i. &
Put or go to bed (poet, or
inasmuch as, since, [by prep. + cause n. the ; archaic exc. of horses &c.) plant (esp. b. out) ; ;

conj. use arises by omission of that] cover up or fix firmly in something; arrange
beeeafi'eo (-fe-), n. Small migrant bird as, be or form, a layer, [f. prec]
eaten in Italy. [It. {beccare peck +Jico fig)] beda'bble, v.t. Stain, splash, with dirty
be'chamel (besh-j, n. Kind of white sauce, liquid, blood, &c. [be-(1) + dabble]
[inventor's name] beda'd, int. (Irish &c. for) by gad 1 .

beche-de-mer (F), n. Sea-slug, a Chinese bedau'b, v.t. Smear with paint &c. be- ;

dainty. dizen. [be-(1) + daub v.]

beck \ n. Brook, mountain stream, (north- be'dder, n. In vbl senses ; also, plant suited
ern word), [f.ON bekkr cf. G bach] for flower-bed. [-er *]
beck 2 , Significant gesture, nod, &c. ; the
n. be'dding, In vbl senses ; also : mattress,
n.
order implied {have at one's b., be at person's bedclothes, &c. ; litter for cattle ; bottom
6. &
call, Sf entire dominion obedience), & layer; (Geol.) stratification, [-ing 1 ]
[f. foil.] bede'ck, v.t. Adorn. [be-(1) + deck v.]
beck 3 v.t. i. , &
signal, signal Make mute be'deg'uap (-gar), n. Mosslike excrescence
mutely to, (poet.), [shortened f. beckon] on rose-bush produced by insect's puncture,
be'eket, n. (naut.). Contrivance for securing [f. F bedeguar f. Pers. badawar wind-brought]
loose ropes, tackle, or spars, (rope-loop, hook, be'del(l), n. Official at Oxf.- & Camb. with
bracket, &c). [?] duties chiefly processional. [= beadle]
be'ekon, v.t. & Summon, call attention
i. bede'vil, v.t. (-11-, -1-). Treat with diabolical
of, by gesture ; make mute signal. [OE biecnan violence or abuse ; possess, bewitch spoil, con- ;

f.OTeut. baukno- beacon] found ; call devil. [be-(5, 6) +

devil n.]
beclou'd, v.t. Cover with clouds; obscure. foede'vilment, n. Possession by devil
+ cloud n.]
[be-(6) maddening trouble, confusion, [prec. + -ment]
beco'me (-um), v.i. & t.(-came, -come). Come bedew*, v.t. Cover with drops, sprinkle.
into being what has b. of (happened to) him ? [be-(6) + dew]
;

(copulative) begin to be (followed by n., adj., bedig'h't, v.t. (past and p.p. bedight). Array,
or adj. phr.) ; suit, befit, adorn, look well on, adorn, (archaic usu. in
; p.p.). [be-(1) dight] +
whence beco'miNG 2 a., beeo*ming LY 2 adv., ,
bedi'm, v.t. (-mm-). (eyes, mind) dim. Make
beeo'ming'NESS n. [OE becuman {BE-+cuman [be-(4)_+dim a.]
come) arFive, attain, happen; com.-Teut., cf. G bedf'zen, v.t. Dress out gaudily. [be-(2)
bekommen] + dizen]
bed \ n. 1. Thing to sleep on, mattress (feather be'dlam, n. Hospital of St Mary of Beth-
b. &c), frame- work with mattress & cover- lehem used as lunatic asylum any madhouse ; ;

ings animal's resting place, litter (elliptical scene of uproar, [f. Bethlehem hospital founded
; ; ;

for) use of b., being in b. 6. and board, enter- as priory 1247, converted to asylum 15471
;

tainment, connubial relations; narrow b., the be'dlamite, n. & a. Lunatic, [-ite 1 (1)]
grave b. ofdown,fioivers, roses, easy position
; ;
bedouin (beddbe'n), n. a. (Arab) of the &
b. of sickness, invalid state brought to b., in ; desert, wandering gipsy. [F, f. Arab, badawin
;

child-birth, of child or abs. die in one's b., of ; pi. of badawiy dweller in the desert (badw
natural causes ; go to b., retire for the night desert) -n is prop, the pi. sign]
;

For compounds of be- not given consult be-.

 ; ;;
;;

BEDRABBLED ]
I BEGIN
bedpa'bbled, a. Dirty with rain and mud. bee'tle 4 v.i. Overhang (of brows, cliffs), ,

[be-(D, & see drabble] hang threateningly (of fate &c). [f. prec]
b ed pa *ggl e, v. t. "Wet (dress &c. by trailing beeves. See beef. )

it, or so that it trails or hangs limp. [be-(1) + befa'll (-awl), v.t. &L (-fell, -fallen). Happen
draggle] happen to (person &c). [OE befallan f. be-(2)+
bee, n. Four-winged stinging social insect fallan fall cf. G befallen] ;

(queen, drones, &

workers) producing wax befrt, v.t. (-tt-). Suit, be fitted for ; be in-
& honey; allied insects (Humble, Mason, cumbent on be ; right. Hence befi'ttiNG 2 a,,
Carpenter, B., &c); poet; busy worker; befi'ttingLY 2 adv. [be-(2) + fit v.]
meeting for combined work or amusement befo'g, v.t. (-gg-). Envelop in fog; obscure.
(chiefly U.S., exc. spelling-b.) have a b. in [be-(6) + fog n.] ;

one's bonnet, be mad on some point b.-bread, befoo'l, v.t. Dupe. [be-(5) + fool n.]
;

(honey &) pollen used as food by bb. b.-eater, before*, adv., prep., & conj. (1) Adv. ahead
; :

kinds of foreign bird fteemvE b.-line, straight (go b.) on the front (b. & behind); previous
; ; ;

between two places; b.-master, -mistress, keep- to time in question, already, in the past, (longb.).
ers of bb. B. orchis, with b. -shaped flowers; (2) Prep. in front of (b. the mast, of common
; :

b.-skep, straw hive bees-wax, secreted by bb. sailors berthed forward), ahead of under the
; ;

as comb material, (v.t.) polish with this. [OE impulse of (b. the wind, recoil b., carry all b.
beo com.-Teut., cf. G biene pern. f. Aryan bhi- you) in presence of (appear b. judge, bow b.
; ;

f ear, quiver] authority ; b. God =

the ques- as God sees me ;

beech, n. Smooth-barked glossy-leaved tion b. 11s) ; awaiting (world all b. them)

; earlier

mast-bearing forest tree; its wood; b.-fern, than (b. Christ, usu. abbr. b.c., appended to dates
kind of polypody beechmast, fruit of b. Hence
; reckoned backwards from birth of Christ) ; this
bee'ehEN 5 a. [OE boece, bece, cf. G buche ;
side the coming of (future event) ; farther on
com.-Teut. & cf. Gkphagos, phegos, Lifagus] than ; rather than (would die b. lying). (3) Conj.
beef, n. (pi. -res). Flesh of ox, bull, or cow previous to the time when ; rather than (would
(in men) size, muscle ; (usu. pi.) ox(en), esp. die b. I lied). [OE beforan (be- +foran adv.
fattened, or their carcases ; beefeater, yeoman f. OTeut. fora for)]
of guard, warder of Tower of London, (f. obs. befope'hand, adv. In anticipation, in
sense dependant) ; b.-tea, stewed b. juice for readiness with, anticipate, forestall
; be b.
invalids; 6ee/STEAK; b.-ioood, red timber of b. with the world, having money in hand,
various trees, [f. OF boef f. L bovem nom. 60s [orig. two wds sense-development doubtful] ;

ox= Gk bous, Skr. go-, E cow] & befou'l, v.t. Make foul (lit. or fig.) b. one's ;

bee'fy, a. Like beef; solid, muscular; oxen nest 1 [be-(4) + foul]

.

stolid. Hence bee'fixESS n. [-Y 2 ] befpie'nd, v.t. Help, favour. [be-(6) +

Beelzebub (bielzi-), n. The Devil a devil. friend n.] ;

[L,f. Gk beelzeboub Heb. ba'alz'bub fly-lord] beg, v.t. &

f. i. Ask for (food, money, &c);
been. See be. ask alms; ask (for alms &c.) live by (abs.) ;

beer \ n. Alcoholic liquor from fermented alms ask earnestly or humbly (thing, for ;

malt &c. flavoured with hops &c, including thing, of person, person to do, of person to do,
ale (pale) and porter (dark) other fermented that something maybe done); (in formal and
;

drinks, as nettle-b. ginger-6. small b. (lit.) courteous phrr.) b. pardon, leave; b. off, get
; ;

weak b., (fig.) trifling matters (think no small person excused penalty &c. b. the qxiestion, ;

b. of, have high opinion of) b.-engine, for draw- assume the truth of matter in dispute go
; ;

ing b. at a distance beerhouse, licensed for b., (a-)begging (of situations, opportunities, &c),
;

not spirits b.-money, servant's allowance in find no accepter, [perh. shortened f. F beguiner
;

lieu of b. b.-pull, handle of b.-engine.

; [OE be a beghard or btgxrin, lay brother of men-
beor; com.-WG, cf. G bier etym. dub.] dicant order named f. Lambert Begue]
;

beep , n. One of the ends (so many threads) bega'd, int. - by God (in fam. speech).
2
into which a warp is divided. [= bier, cf. bege't, v.t. (-tt-, -got, -gotten). Procreate
porter in same sense in Scotland] (usu. of father, sometimes of father and
beep'y, a. Of, like, beer; esp., betraying mother, cf. bear-*); give rise to, occasion.
influence of beer. [-Y 2 ] Hence bege'ttER l n. [OE & Goth, begitan ;

bee'stings, n. pi. First milk after parturi- see be-(2) & get]
tion, [f. obs. beest OE beost, com.-WG, cf. G be'ggap , n. One who begs one who lives
1
;

biest; etym. dub.] by begging poor man or woman (depreciat-

; ;

bee'swing (-z-), n. Second crust in long- ingly) fellow; (playfully) little b., youngster
kept port ; old wine, [bee + wing, from its &c. ; b. ( = begger), good at collecting
a good
filmy look] for charities &c. [perh. = beghard see beg
beet,
n. Two plants with succulent root, & -ard]
Red B. used for salad, White B. for sugar- be'ggap 2
, v.t. Reduce to poverty ; outshine,
making; beetroot, root of b. [OE Mte f. L reduce to silence (b. descrijition) b.-my- ;

beta] neighbour, card game. [f. prec]

bee'tle 1
, n., & v.t. Tool with heavy head be'ggaply, a. Indigent intellectually poor ; ;

& handle for ramming, crushing, smoothing,
&c. (vb, beat with this) three-man b., requir-
ing three to lift it; b.-brain &c, blockhead.
[OE bietel f. OTeut. bautiloz f. bautan beat 1
see -le(1)]
mean, sordid. Hence be'ggapliNESS n.
; [beggar 1 + -ly a ]
be'ggapy, n. Extreme poverty. [-Y l ]
; begl'n, v.t. & i. (-nn-, began, begun). Com-
mence (to do, doing, work &c, or abs. in pass, ;

bee*tle 2, n. Insect having upper wings sense either it has begun to be done, or it has
converted to hard wing-cases (pop. only of the beenbegun) be the first to do something take
; ;

black and large varieties, also wrongly of the first step start speaking 6. at, start from
; ;

insects like them, as the black-b. or cockroach ); b. with, take first ; to b. with, in the first place
short-sighted person (cf. b.-eyed, blind as a &.). b. upon, set to work at; come into being,
[OE bitula biter f. bitan bite ] ] arise ; have its commencement, nearest
bee'tle 3, a. Projecting, shaggy, scowling, boundary, &c, (at some point in space or time)
(b. brows, b.-broxved). [prob. f. prec w. ref. to b. the xvorld, start in life. [com.-WG OE ;

tufted antennae of some beetles] beginnan cf. G& Du. beginnen (be- + ginnan
 : ;)
:;

BEGINNER | I
BELIE
perh. = 0E ginan gape f. Aryan ghi- open cf. L without his knowledge ; time, unpunctual
b.
hiare)] b. the times, antiquated. [OE behindan (be- -f
begi*nnep,n. In vbl senses ; also, tiro, [-ER 1
] h indan = G hinten f. hind- hinds + -ana from)]
begi'nning", n. In vbl senses also or esp. ; behindhand, adv. & pred. a, In arrear
time at which anything begins source, origin ; ; (with payments &c.) out of date, behind time;

first part ; the b. of the end, first clear sign of ill-provided (with), [prec. -f hand, cf. before-
final result, [-ing*1 hand]
(1)]
begir'd, v.t. (-irt). beho'ld, v.t. (beheld). See, become aware of
Gird round or encircle.
[be-(1) + gird] by sight (abs. in imperat.) take notice, attend. ;

bego'ne (-a\vn, -on), vb imperat. = be gone Hence beho'ldER 1 n. [OE bihaldan f. be-(2)
(more peremptory than go). + haldan hold v. keep (in view)]
beg'O'nia, n. Kinds of plant with coloured beho'lden, pred. a. Under obligation (to).
perianths but no petals. [Alichel Begon c. 1680] [p.p. (obs. exc. in this use) of prec. = bound]
beg*ot(ten). See beget. behoo'f, n. (In phrr. to, for, on b., or the b.,
begri'me, v.t. Soil deeply. [be-(6)+grime] of) use, advantage. [OE bihof in bihof-lic
begru'dgre, v.t. Feel or show dissatisfac- useful cf. G behuft. OTeut. bihafjan (be- + haf-
tion at (thing), envy (one) the possession of. jan heave cf. L caper e take)]
[BE-(2) + GRUDGE V.] beho've, -hoo've, v.t. impers. Be incum-
begui'le (-gil), v.t. Delude cheat (person of, bent on (person) to (do something). [OE
;

out of, or into doing) charm, amuse; divert bihojianf. bihof see prec]
;

attention from (toil, passage of time). Hence beige (bazh), n. Kinds of dress-material
begui'lER l begut'leMENT, nn. [be-(2) + obs. made of undyed and unbleached wool. [F, =
,

vb guile, see guile] natural-coloured, grey or brown, cf. It. bigio]

beguinage (be'ginahzh), n. House of be'ing n. In vbl senses also or esp. 1

, ;

beguines. + -age] [f oil. existence [in b., existing) constitution, nature, ;

be guine (-gen), n. Member of Netherlands essence; anything that exists (the Supreme
lay sisterhood not bound by vows. [Lambert B., God) a person, [be, -ing 1 2]
;
,

Begue, founder 1180] bela'boup, v.t. Thrash (lit. & fig.). [be-(3)
be'gum, n. Hindoo queen or lady of high + labour v. (exert one's strength upon)]
rank. [Hind, begam f. East Turk, bigim fern, bela'ted, a. Overtaken by darkness com- ;

of big prince (Osmanli bey)] ing too late. [p.p. of obs. belate f. be-(4) +
behal'f (-ahf), n. (Only in phrr. ' on or in lateI
my &c. b.\ 'on or in 's b.', 'on or in b. belau'd, v.t. Load with praise. [be-(2)+
of ') on the part
of, on account of, (a per- LAUD V.]
son) ; in the interest of (person or principle &c. ). belay,v.t. Coil (running rope) round cleat
[mixture of earlier phrr. on his halve bihalve & &c. to secure it (sailor's slang in imperat.
;

him, either = on his side ; see half] stop !, enough belay ing-pin, fixed wooden or
! ;

beha've, v.i. refl. &

(Intr., usu. with adv.) iron pin for belaying on. [OE belecgan cf. G
conduct oneself act, (rarely abs., esp. to or of
, belegen f. be-(1) + lecgan lay 3 = lay round]
children) conduct oneself with propriety, b. belch i (-tsh),Emit wind noisily
v.i. & t.
towards, treat (icell &c); (refl., usu. of or to from throat utter
noisily or drunkenly
;

children, &
usu. without adv.) show good (abusive, blasphemous, or foul talk) (of gun or ;

manners (of machines &c, intr. or refl.) work

; volcano) send out or up. [OE bealcian cf. Du.
{well, badly, &c.) behaved p.p. (with well-,
; balken bray]
ill-), having good, bad, manners or conduct. belch 2
n. Eructation; sound of gun,
,

[be-(2) -f have] volcano burst of flame, [f. prec]

;

beha'vioup, n. Deportment, manners; be'lehep (-tsh-), n. Parti-coloured necker-

moral conduct, treatment shown to or towards chief. [Jim B., pugilist]
others be on one's good b., do one's best under
; be'ldam, -dame, n. Old woman, hag
probation way in which ship, machine,
; virago, [earlier = grandmother f. bel- (cf. obs.
substance, &c, acts or works,
prec, the [f. belsire, & see beau) expressing relationship +
ending due to confusion w. obs. aver, havour, dam mother]
havyoure, possession, = F avoir] belea'g-uep (-eger), v.t. Besiege (lit. & fig.),
behea'd, v.t. Cut the head from kill in ; [f. Du. belegeren camp round f. be-(6) + leger a
that way. [OE behea^dian f. be- (from) about camp]
+ heafod head n.] be'lemnite, n. Tapering sharp-pointed
behemoth (bihe'- or bei-), n. Enormous fossil bone of extinct cuttlefish, [f. Gk belem-
creature, [perh. Egyptian p-ehc-mau water-ox non dart + -ite i (2)]
(hippopotamus) assimilated to Heb. pi. (of bet esprit' (-re), n. (pi. beaux esprits pr. boz
dignity) of b'hemah beast, see Job xl. 15] espre). A wit. [F]
behe'st, n. Command (poet.). [OE behxs be'lfpy, n. Bell tower, attached or separate ;

cf. behatan later behight to command, & G bell space in church tower. Hence be'lfpiED 2
h e isse n] a. [by dissim. f. OF berfrei f. LL *berefridus
behi'nd, adv., prep., & n. In or to the f. Teut. (MHG bercvrit prob. f. bergen shelter
rear (of), on the further side (of), hidden (by), & OHG fridu peace); orig. sense, shed or
at one's back, towards what was one's rear, tower for cover in besieging]
further back in place or time (than), past in Belgian, a, & n. (Native) of Belgium, [-an]
relation to, too late, in concealment, in reserve, Be'lg-ic, a. Of the Netherlands of the an- ;

in support of, in an inferior position (to), under cient Belgae. [f. L Belgicus (Belgae, -ic)]
the defence of, in the tracks of, outdone (by), Belgra'vian, a. Of, suited to, Belgravia,
in arrear (with) (n.) the posterior.
; Phrr. fashionable London district, [f. Belgrave Square
stay, leave, b., after others', one's own, de- f. ground landlord's Belgrave, Leics.]
parture or death; fall b., not keep up; b. Be'lial, n. The devil the spirit of evil ;

the scenes, in private put b. one, refuse ; man of B., reprobate, [f. Heb. b'li-yaal (b'li
to consider; go b. one's icorde &c, look for not + yaal use) worthlessness]
secret motives on his part ; b, one's back, belie*, v.t, (-lying). Give false notion of fail ;

For compounds of be- not given consult be-.

 ; ; ;;; ;
;

BELIEF 76 BENCH
to act up to (promise &c.) ; fail to justify (hope verberate, roar ; (n.) bellowing sound, [etym.
&c.) [OE beUogan f. be-(3) + Uogan lie] dub. cf. BELL 3]
;

belief, n. Trust or confidence (in) accept- ; be'llows (-6z), n. pi. Portable or fixed con-
ance of the Christian theology ; acceptance as trivance for driving air into a fire or through
true or existing (of any fact, statement, &c. apertures of wind instrument pair of b., two- ;

in. or of, with nn., that with clause); thing handled for fire means used to fan passion &c.
;

believed, religion, opinion, intuition ; The B., the lungs (b. to mend, of broken- winded horse),
Apostles' Creed. [ME bileafe (be- + OE Uafa [earlier belg bag - belly ; the present wd f.
shortened f. ge-leafa cf. G glaube I. OTeut. northern form belu, belw]
galaub- dear)] be'lly 1 , n. Cavity of human body below
believe, v.t. i. &
Have faith xn, trust diaphragm with stomach & bowels & other
word of, (person) ; put trust in truth of a contents, abdomen
(externally) lower front of
;

statement, efficacy of a principle, system, body corresponding parts of animals stomach

; ;

machine, &c, existence of anything give ;

the body as food consumer (cf. back x ), appetite,
credence to (person, statement, &c, or that- gluttony ; the womb ; cavity of anything
clause) be of opinion that ; make b., pretend.
;
bulging part (concave or convex) front, inner, ;

Hence belie'VABLE a., belie'VER 1 n., or lower surface ; b.-xcorship, gluttony ; b.-
belie'viNG 2 a. [ME bileven f. be- + OE ge- timber, food b.-pinched, starving
; b.-ache, ;

Ufan cf. G glauben f. OTeut. as prec] colic.Hence -be*lliED 2 a. [ME ball, bely, f.
beli'ke, adv. Probably, perhaps, (often OE bxlg f. OTeut. balgiz bag f. belgan swell
iron.). [6e- = BY prep. + like a. (by what is same wd as bellows]
likely)] be'lly 2, v.t. & i. Swell out (usu. of sails, &
beli'ttle, v.t. Make small, dwarf ; depre- with out), [f. prec]
ciate. [be-(4) + little] be'llyful, n. As much as one wants of any-
bell 1 , n. Hollow body of cast metal in deep thing, esp. of fighting. [-ful(2)]
cup shape widening at lip made to emit musical beloTig", v.i. Pertain, be proper, to (as duty,
sound when struck; (Naut.) one to eight bb., right, possession, natural or right accompani-
half hours of watch b. -shaped object, as flower
; ment, example in classification, characteristic,
corolla (blue 1 canterbury, B.).
, Bear, part, member, inhabitant, appendage); b. under
carry away, the b., be first, win; b., book, & or in, be rightly classified among. [be-(2) +
candle, in allusion to eccles. cursing formula obs. vb long pertain f. gelang adj. depen- OE
sound, clear, as a b., quite sound or clear (in
;

dent on (cf. the now dialectal along of ') = '

OHG
other senses besides the acoustic) b.-bird, ; gilang akin (perh. f. notion corresponding in
Brazilian and Austral, kinds with b.-like note ; length)]
b.-buoy, with warning b. rung by waves' belo'nging'S, n. pi. A person's property, re-
motion; b.-Jlower, any plant of genus Cam- luggage
latives, or ; everything connected with
panula; b.-fouiider, -founding, -foundry, a subject, [f. prec]
caster, casting, &
manufactory, of bb. ; b.- belo'ved (as ad\ or n. usu. -uvid as vb -iivd), ;

glass, b. -shaped as cover for plants ; b.-hanger, p.p., a., & n. (Forming pass, parts of vb obs.
artisan who puts up bb. wires ; b.-metal, & in act.) dearly loved (followed by of or by, or
alloy of copper &
tin (more tin than in bronze) abs.); (n.) darling (common in voc & with my, ,

for bb. b.-pull, cord or handle attached to b.-

; his, &c). [be-(2) -f love v.]
wire b.-wether, leading sheep of flock with b.
; below" (-6), adv. & prep. Adv. at or to lower :

on neck, ringleader. [OE belle, com.-LG cf. level on earth in hell downstairs down
; ; ; ;

Du. bel] stream; in lower rank (the court b.); at foot

bell 2, v.t. Furnish with bell(s); 6. the cat, of page. Prep. lower than too low to be
: ;

take the danger of a common enterprise on affected by (b. flattery) down stream from ; ;

oneself (fable of mice & cats), [f. prec] on inferior side of dividing line (b. par, b. the
bell 3 , n., & v.i. (Make the) cry of stag or buck gangway) ; at or to greater depth than ; covered
at rutting-time. [OE bellan cf. G bellen bark] by ; lower in amount, degree, &c, than (b. one's
bellado'nna, (Bot.) Deadly Nightshade
n. ; breath, less audibly than) of lower rank &c ;

(Med.) drug prepared from this. [mod. L f. It., than; unworthy of. Cf. beneath, under.
= fair lady, pern, because a cosmetic is made [be- = by + low a.]
from it] belt !, n. Encircling strip of leather &c worn
belle, n. Handsome woman reigning beauty ; round waist or baldric-wise to confine or sup-
{the b. of any place). [F, f. L bella fern, of bellus port clothes or weapons &c (hit beloxo the b.,
pretty see beau] fight unfairly) cincture of earl or knight
;

belles-lettres (bel-letr), n. Studies, writ- strip of colour, special surface, trees, &c, round
ings, of the purely literary kind. Hence or on anything; endless strap connecting
belle'trisT (3) n., belletri'stic a. [F] wheels row of armour plates under water-
;

be'llicose, a. Inclined to fighting. Hence line Great & Little B., channels into Baltic.
;

bellie6*sity n. [f. L bellicosus (bellum war, [com.-Teut., cf. OHG balz perh. f. L baltexis]
-ic, -ose M] belt 2 Putb. round (belted cruiser, with
, v.t.
bellrgepeney, n. Status of a belligerent, b. & metal-covered deck) fasten on with b. ; ;

[f. foil., see -excy] mark with b. of colour &c. thrash with b. [f. ;

belli*g"epent, a, & n. (Nation, party, or per- prec]

son)waging regular war as recognized by the be'lvedere (-er), n. Raised turret to view
law of nations of such nation &c. (loosely)
; ; scenery from. [It. (bel beautiful, see beau, +
any opponent engaged in conflict, [wrong cor- vedere see)]
rection of earlier belligerant f. F belligerant belying-. See belie.
f. L belligerare wage war (bellum + gerere), be'ma, n. Platform in ancient Athenian
-ant] public assembly. [Gk]
Beflo'na, n. War personified woman of ; bemire*, v.t. Cover or stain with mud
commanding presence. [L, - goddess of war f. (pass.) be stuck in the mud. [be-(6) + mire n.]
bellum war] bemoa'n, v.t. Weep or express sorrow for or
be'llow (-6), v.i. &
t, & n. Roar as a bull over. [OE bemxnan f. be-(3) + mxnan moan]
shout, roar with pain utter loudly and angrily ; bemirse(-z),v.t. Stupefy. [be-(2) + musev.]
(often out, forth) (of thunder, cannon, &c.) re-
; bench (-tsh), n. Long seat of wood or stone
 ;

BENCHER 77 BENTHAMISM
boat-thwart judge's seat, office of judge, law-
; bene'ficence, n., bene'fieent, a. Doing
court (King's, Queen's, B.) (collect.) judges, good, (showing) active kindness. Hence bene*-
;

magistrates; (Pari.) seats appropriated to fleentLY 2 adv. [f. L beneficentia n. and bene-
certain groups &c. (Treasury, front *, cross 3 ficus a., comparat. beneficentior, (bene well, ,

bishops', bb.) be raised to, be on, the b., be and see -fic, -ence)]
;

(made) a judge or bishop working-table of benefi'cial (-shl), a. Advantageous (Law)

;
;

carpenter &c. ledge in masonry or earthwork

; of, having, the usufruct of property. Hence
b.-table, stone seat in cloister &c. b.-mark, cut benefi'eialLY 2 adv. [F beneficial f. L benc-
;

by surveyors to mark point in line of levels. ficialis (benefice, -al)]

[com.-Teut. OE bene, cf. Sw. bank, G bank, benefreiary (-sha-), a. & n. (Law) holder,
;

f. OTeut. bankiz same wd as bank 1 5 which holding or held, by feudal tenure holder of a
; , , ;

came through Rom.] living receiver of benefits, [f .L bencficiarius, ;

be'nehep, n. Senior member, sharing man- See BENEFICE, -ARY l ]

agement, of Inn of Court, [-er x ] be'nefit 1 , n. Advantage (for the b. of, on
bend J , n. (Naut.) knot of various kinds behalf of) exemption from ordinary courts by ;

(fisherman's, weaver's, &c.) (Herald.) parallel the privilege of one's order (b. of clergy,
;

lines from dexter chief to sinister base (b. peerage); performance at theatre, game &c.
sinister in opposite direction, sign of bastardy) of which proceeds go to particular players
shape (half butt) in which hides are tanned ( 's b., b.-night, b.-viatch) b.-club, -society, for ;

(b.-leather, the thickest, used for soles), [earlier mutual insurance against illness or age. [ME
meaning band, bond, which wds have taken & AF benfet f. L benej actum neut. p.p. of
its place in most senses OE bend f. OTeut. benefacere do well];

band- st. of bindan bind 1 ; identified with OF be'nefit 2, v.t. & i. Do good to; receive b.
bende, bande, band (2)]1 (by thing), [f. prec]
bend 2, n. Bending, curve bent part of any- bene'volenee, n. Desire to do good, chari-
;

thing, [f. foil.] table feeling (Eng. Hist.) forced loan, [f. OF ;

bend 3 , v.t. & i. (past bent, p.p. bent exc. in benivolence f. L bcnevolentia f. benevolens
bended knees). Force out of straightness, impart -entis = foil.]
to (rigid object) or receive a curved or angular bene'volent, a. Desirous of doing good,
shape arch (brows) tighten up, bring to bear, charitable. Hence bene'volentLY 2 adv. [f.
; ;

(energies &c.) (pass.) be determined (on with OF benivolent f. L bene volenicm nom. -ens
;

gerund or noun) attach with b. or knot (cable, well wishing (velle wish)]
;

sail); turn (t. & i.) in new direction (steps, Beng-a*l (-awl), a. B. light, firework used
eyes); incline (t. &i.) from the perpendicular for signals B. stripes, striped gingham, orig. ;

(head), bow, stoop, submit, (to or before), force from B. B. tiger, the tiger proper. [Indian •

to submit (will &c). [OE bendan prob. = ON province]

benda join, strain, f. OTeut. bandjd- string, Beng-a'li, -a'lee, (-aw-), n. & a. (Native,
band the orig. sense is stringing the bow]
; language) of Bengal, [f. native Bangali]
benea'ped, a. Left aground by neap-tide, benign'ted, p.p. & a. (Forming pass, of
[p.p. f. unused beneap see be-(6) & neap] yb obs. in act.) overtaken by night involved ;

benea'th, adv. & prep. Below, under, under- in intellectual or moral darkness, ignorant.
neath, (poetic, archaic, & literary, but usual [be-(6) + night]
in) b. contempt &c, not worth despising &c, benig-n, a. Gracious, gentle fortunate, ;

b. one, unworthy of him. [OE beneothan - be- salutary (of diseases) mild, not malignant. ;

-\-neothancf. Gniedenf. OTeut. nithar nether Hence benig-nLY 2 adv. [f. OF benigne f. L
+ -ana from] benignus prob. - benigenus (bene well + -genus
benedi'cite (-ti), n. Blessing invoked; grace born;]
at table the B., one of the canticles. [L, =
; benl'g-nant, a. Kind, kindly, to inferiors ;
bless ye, imperat. of benedicere -diet- bless (bene gracious; salutary. Hence beni'g-nANCY n.,
well + dicere speak)] bteni'g-nantLY 2 adv. [recent formation f.
be'nedick, n. Newly married man, esp. con- prec. on anal, of malignant]
firmed bachelor who marries. [Shaksp., Much beni'g-nity, n. Kindliness, kindness, (usu.
Ado] in the old), [f. OF benigniU f. L benignitataii
benedi'etine, a. & n. (Monk) of the order (benign, -ty)]
founded 529 by St Benedict, black monk; a be'nison, n. A blessing (archaic), ^bene-
liqueur, [f. F
Mnidictin f. L benedictus p.p. diction, see -son]
see benedicite] Be'njamin 1
, n. Youngest child, darling.
benedi'etion, n. Utterance of a blessing, [Gen. xlii. 4]
generally at table, at end of church service, or be'njamin 2, n. = benzoin B. tree, (a) that ;
as special R.-C. service a blessing, blessedness, ; yielding benzoin, (b) a N.-Amer. shrub with
[f. L benedictio (benedicite, -ion)] aromatic bark, [corruption of benzoin]
benedi'etopy, a. Of, expressing, benedic- be'nnet, n. See herb b., and foil.
tion, [f. med. L benedictonus see prec. and bent 1
, n. Reedy rushlike stiff-stemmed
-ORY(l)] grass of various kinds (with pi., or collect.);
Benedi-ctus, n. One of the canticles, (also bennet) stiff flower-stalk, old stalk of
word in L version see Benedictine]
[first grasses couch-grass; Way B., Stool B., Sec, ; ;

benefa'etion, n. Doing good gift for kinds of plant heath, unenclosed pasture. ; ;

charitable purpose, [f L bene/actio (benefit [OE beonet perh. = G bi7ise rush]

.
1
,

-ion)] bent 2 , n. Twist, inclination, bias, tendency :

be'nefaetop, n. Person who has given one to the top of one's 6., to heart's content, [f.
friendly aid ; patron of or donor to a cause or bend on F
3 anal, of descent, extent]
charitable institution. Hence be'nefaetPESS 1 bent 3 . See bend 3 .

n. _[f. L benefactor (benefit 1 -or 2 )] , Benthamism, n. Greatest happiness of

be'nefiee (-is), n. Church living. Hence be'- the greatest number as guiding principle of
nefleED-a. [f, ltbeneficium(beneweU+-ficium ethics. So Be'nthamiTE 1 (1) n. [Jeremy
a doing)] Bentham, 1718-1832 ; see -ism (3)]

For compounds of be- not given consult B5-*.

 ; .

BEN TROVATO 78 BESPATTER

ben trova'to (-ah-), a. Well invented, charac- fighting with mad frenzy, [f. Ieel. berserkr
teristic ifnot true. [It.] prob. = bear-sark, bear-coat]
benirmb (-urn), v.t. Make torpid, insensible, berth Convenient searroom (give wide
*, n.
powerless, (usu. of cold) paralyse (mind, action), ;
b. to, avoid) ; room
for ship to swing at anchor
[earlier benum (cf. dumb, limb) OE benumen f. ship's place at wharf; proper place for any-
p.p. of beniman deprive (be- +
niman cf. G thing sleeping-place situation, appointment,
; ;

nehmen take)] [prob. f. bear v. (make room by bearing off) +

benzene, -ine (-en), n. Aromatic hydro- -th 1 of same formation, but prob. later & inde-
;

carbon used for removing grease stains, [ben- pendent, as birth (early spellings coincide)]
zoic + -ene]
'

»„*
berth 2, v.t. Moor (ship) in suitable place;
benzo-, benz-, forming names of substances provide sleeping-place for. [f. prec]
connected with benzene. bep'tha, bepthe (-th), n. Deep falling
benzo'ic, a. Of benzoin, [foil. +-ic] (usu. lace) collar to low-necked dress. [F
be'tizoin (-6m or -oin), n. (Also gum b., ben- (-e), the woman's name]
jamin) fragrant aromatic resin of Javanese Bertillon system, n. Method of identi-
tree, [earlier benjoin through F, Sp., It., f. Arab. fying criminals by measurements. [French
luban jaivi frankincense of Java (lo- being anthropologist b. 1853]
dropped in Rom. as if the article)] be'pyl, n. Precious stone, pale-green passing
be'nzoline (-en, -in), n. Impure benzene, into light blue, yellow, & white mineral species ;

used for removing grease, [-ine ]

4 including also the emerald. [OF, f. L f. Gk
bequea-th (-dh), v.t. Leave (to person) by berullos]
will (personalty cf. devise) transmit to
; ;
beryllium, n. A metal, = glucinum. [prec
posterity (example &c). [OE becicethan f. + -ium]
be-(3) + cwethan say, see quoth] besee'eh (-tsh), v.t. (sought pr. -sawt). Ask
beque'st, n. Bequeathing; thing be- earnestly for (esp. leave &c); entreat (person,
queathed. [ME biquyste prob. for bicwis (be- person that or to do or for thing). [be-(2)+ME
+ cwis saying cf. prec. ; for -t cf. behest)] secen, sechen, seken, seek]
Ber'ber, n. & a, (Member) of the N. -African besee'ehingr, a. Suppliant (of look, tone,
stock including the aboriginal races of Barbary, &c). Hence besee'ehing'LY 2 ad v. [-ing 2]
speaking allied languages, [f. Arab, barbar besee'm, v.t. Suit, be fitting or creditable
(barbara talk confusedly) or perh. f. Gk bar- to, (abs., or with well, ill, &c). Hence be-
baros barbarous] see'ming-LY 2 adv. [be-(2) + seem]
ber'beppy, n. See barberry. bese't, v.t. (-tting, past & p.p. -set). Hem in,
bepea've, v.t. (bereaved or bereft). Rob, set upon, (person) occupy & make impassable ;

dispossess, of (usu. of immaterial things, as life, (road &c); (of difficulties, temptations, &c.)
hope) leave desolate (esp. in p.p., usu. bereaved
;
assail, encompass, (besetting sin, that most
in this sense) (of death &c.) deprive of a rela- frequently tempts one). [OE besettan (be-(1),
;

tion, wife, &c, whence berea've.MENT n. & see set v.)]

[com.-Teut. OE beHafian cf. G berauben; see
;
bese'tment, n. Besetting sin being hemmed ;

BB-(2), REAVE V.] in. [prec + -ment]

bepg-, n. = iceberg. beshpew, tv.t. (Now only as mock-heroic
ber'gamot 1
n. Tree of orange & lemon imprecation) plague take (me, person, or thing).
kind perfume extracted from its fruit,
,
[f. Ber- [be-(2) + ME
schrewen to curse f. shrew]
besi'de, prep, (formerly also adv. = foil.).
;

gamo town in Italy]

ber'gamot 2 , n. Kind of pear. [f. F ber- Close to, by, near on a level with, compared ;

gamotte f. It. bergamotta f. Turk, beg-armudi with wide of (mark, question, &c) b. oneself,
; ;

prince's pear] out of one's wits. [OE be sidan (by, side n.)]
bep'gfsehpund (bargshroo-), n. (mountain- besi'des, adv. & prep. In addition (to),
eering). Crevasse or gap at junction of steep moreover ; 'otherwise, else, (than) ; (neg. &
upper slope with glacier or neve [G] interrog.) except. [prec+-Es]
berhyme, v.t. Write verses about, [be- (6) besie'g-e, v.t. Invest, lay siege to; crowd
+ rhyme n. berime would be more correct]
;
round ; assail with requests. Hence be-
be'piberi, n. Disease like dropsy prevalent sie'g-ER ! n. [ME besegen f. be-(1) + segen f
in India. [Cingalese, f. beri weakness] OF asegier f. LL assediare (ad- + sedium f. L
Bepkeleian (barkle'an), n. a. (Follower) & sedere sit)]
of Berkeley or his philosophy, which denied besla'vep, v.t Cover with slaver; flatter
the objective existence of the material world. fulsomely. [be-(1) + slaver v.]
[Bishop Berkeley, d. 1753 ; see -ean] beslo'bbep, v.t. = prec ; also, kiss effusively.
Berli'n, n. & a. Four-wheeled covered + SLOBBER V.] [BE-(l)
beslirbbep, v.t. Besmear. [be-(1) + slub-
carriage with hooded seat behind (also berline) ;

B. black, iron- varnish B. iron, for casts B.ber v.] ; ;

besmear*, v.t. Smear with greasy or sticky

tcarehouse, shop for B. wool, fine dyed knitting
wool B. gloves, knitted. [B. in Germany]
; stuff (also of the stuff as subj.). [OE bi-
bepm, n. Ledge in fortification between smierwan see be-(1) & smear v.]
ditch & base of parapet, [f. F berme cf. OX besmip'eh (-tsh), v.t. Soil, discolour; dim
barmr brim]^ brightness of. [be-(1) + smirch v.]
Bep'napdine, a. & n. = Cistercian. be'som (or -z-), n., & v.t. (Sweep with)
be'ppy \ n. (Pop.) any small roundish juicy bundle of twigs tied round stick for sweeping,
fruit without stone (Bot.) many-seeded in- kind of broom. [OE besema, com.-WG cf. G
;

ferior pulpy fruit (inferior, i. e. below calyx, besen Du. bezem]

admits e. g. the cucumber & excludes the straw- beso*t, v. t. (-U-). Stupefy mentally or morally.
berry) egg in fish-roe (in b., of hen-lobster
;
[BE-(4) + SOT]
carrying eggs). Hence (-)be'PPiED 2 a. [com.- besough't. See beseech.
Teut., cf. G beere, Goth, basi] bespa'ngie, v.t. Set about with spangles.
be'ppy 2, v.i. Come into b., fill out; go [be-(6) + spangle]
gathering bb. [f. prec] bespa*ttep, v.t. Spatter (object) all over;
bersaglieri (It. ), n. pi. Italian sharpshooters. spatter (liquid Sec.) about cover with abuse or
;

bep'sepk(ep), n. Wild Norse warrior flattery. [be-(1) + spatter]

 ;; ;;;
;; ;;

BESPEAK 79 BETWEEN
bespea'k, v.t, (past -spoke, p.p. -spoke, oneself to (i. e. try) some course or means
spoken). Engage beforehand order (goods) ;
convey oneself to (i. e. go to) a place or person.
stipulate for; speak to (poet.); suggest, be [ME ; be-, take]
evidence of; bespoke bootmaker &c. (prop. be'tel, n. Leaf of Piper betle, which Indians
bespoke-boot maker), opposed to ready-made chew with areca-nut parings ; (hence by mis-
dealer. [OE besprecan; conx-WG cf. G be- take) b.-nut, the areca nut. [part. f. Malayalam
sprechen see be-(3) & speak] ;
vettila]
besprent, p.p. (poet.). Sprinkled (with) ;
bete noire (bat nwahr), n. (One's) abomina-
scattered about, [f. OE besprengan f. be-(1) + tion. [F]
OTeut. sprangjanca,usa,lof spring an spring v.] be'thel, n. Hallowed spot (Gen. xxviii. 19)
besppi'nkle, v.t. Sprinkle or strew over nonconformist chapel. [Heb. beth-el house of
(with lit. & fig.
; also with the liquid &c. as
; God]
subj. or obj.). [ME besprengil frequent, of OE bethe'sda (-z-), n. Nonconformist chapeL,
besprengan, see prec. -le] & [John v. 2 Heb., = house of mercy]
;

Be'ssemer, a. & n. B. process, for decar- bethi'nk, v. refl. (-thought) (alw. with self or
bonizing & desiliconizing pig-iron by passing archaic refl. me, him. Sec). Reflect, stop to
currents of air through it when molten so & think; remind oneself of how, or that; take ,

making B. iron, B. steel, or B. [Sir H. B., into one's head[OE bethencan, com.-Teut.
to.
inventor 1856] cf. G bedenken; see be-(3), think]
best 1
&
adv. (superl. of good, well). Of,
, a. beti'de, v.i. & t. (only in 3 sing. pres. subj.).
in, the most excellent kind, way (often, like Happen (whate'er b.) happen to (woe b. him ;

good, well, used for specific adjj. & advv. as &c). [ME bitiden see be-(2), tide v.]
kindest, most skilfully). Phrr. the b. part, beti'mes, adv. Early in day, year, life, &c.
:

most ; had b., would find it wisest to b. man, in good time, [by time (ME) + -es] ;

bridegroom's supporter; put b. leg or foot betise (bate"z), n. Foolish, ill-timed, remark
foremost, go at full pace bad is the b., no good or action. [F] ;

event possible with the b., as well as anyone

;
beto'ken,, v.t. Augur, indicate, suggest.
do ones b., all one can be at one's &., in the b. [ME bitacnien cf. G bezeichnen, see be-, token]
;

state; one's 6. or Sunday b., b. clothes; have be'tony, n. Purple-flowered plant, [f. F
the b. of it, win in argument &c. make the b. bitoine I. LL betonia f. L vettonica f. name of
:

of things, be contented make the b. of one's Gaulish tribe] ;

way, go as fast as possible atb., on the most betook. See betake. ;

hopeful view ; did it for the b., with good in- betray, v.t. Give up treacherously (person
tentions to the b. of one's power Sec, as far as or thing to enemy) be disloyal to lead astray
;
; ;

one's power &c. allows the b. is the enemy of reveal treacherously reveal involuntarily ; be
; ;

the good, too high standard bars progress. [OE evidence or symptom of. Hence betpay*AL(2),
betst; com.-Teut. f. OTeut. batist cf. better] betray'ER 1 nn. [ME betraien f. be-(2) + obs. ,

best 2, v.t (colloq.). Get the better of, cir- tray f. OF tra'ir f L tradere (trans over + dare
cumvent, worst, [f. prec] give)]
bestea'd (-ed), v.t. & i. Avail, help, [be- (2) betPO*th (-odh), v.t. Bind with a promise to
+ STEAD] marry (usu. in p.p.). Hence betPO*thAL(2)n.,
beste'd, p.p. (With ill, hard, sore, &c.) betPO'thED 1 a. & n. [ME bitreuthien f.

situated, circumstanced, pressed. [ME bistad be-(6) + treuthe truth, later assimilated to
f. be-(2) + stad L OX
staddr p.p. of stethja stop] T.ROTH]
be'stial, a. Of, like, a beast or beasts esp. be'tter 1 , a., adv., & n. (comp. of good, well).
quadrupeds; brutish, barbarous; depraved, a more excellent kind, way (often, like Of, in,
lustful, obscene. Hence or cogn. bestia'l- good, well, for specific wd as more virtuous,
ity n., be*stializE(3) v.t., be'stialLY adv. more plentifully).
2 Phrr. no b. than, prac- :

[OF, f. L bestialis (bestia beast + -al)] tically; no b. than one shoidd be, improper;
bestir*, v. refl. (-rr-). Exert, rouse, (oneself). one's b. feelings, higher self b. part, most ;

[OE bestyrian t BE-(2) + styrian stir v.] one's b. half, wife b. than (with number &c), ;
:

bestow* (-6), v.t. Deposit provide with lodg- above had b., would find it wiser to be, get,
; ; ;

ing; confer (thing) upon (person) as gift. Hence b., less unwell; b. than one's word, more
bestow*AL(2) n. [ME bistowen, see be-(2), liberal than one promised to be one's b., more ;

stow v.] skilful person one's bb. people of higher rank ; ,

bestrew, v.t. (p.p. -ewed or -eu-n). Strew get the b. of, defeat, outwit know b., refuse to ;

(surface) with scatter (things) about lie scat- accept statement, not be so foolish (as to do
; ;

tered over. [OE bestriowian see be-(1) & something) think b. of it, change one's mind ;

strew p.p. -ewn is recent, but now common] change for the b. b. off, richer, more com-
;
;

bestri'de, v.t. (past -ode; p.p. -idden, -id, fortable. [OE betera com.-Teut. cf. G besser ;

-ode). Get or sit upon (horse, chair) with legs f. OTeut. batizon- f. bat- see boot 3 + -er 3 ]
astride stand astride over (place or fallen
; be'ttep 2 , v.t. & i. Amend, improve; sur-
friend or enemy; also fig. of rainbow &c). pass (a feat, &c); b. oneself, get b. situation,
[OE bestridan, see be-(3), stride v.] wages, &c. Hence be*ttep>iENT n. [ME
bet, n., & v.i. & t. (bet). (Engagement to) beteren cf. G bessem & see prec]
risk one's money &c, risk (an amount &c.) better , -op, n. One who bets, [bet 4- -er 1 ]
3

against another's on the result of a doubtful betwee'n, prep. & adv. (the orig. restriction
event (on or against result or competitor, that to relations involving only two limits &c still
so-&-so will happen) (slang) you b., you may tends to be observed wherever among is ade-
;

take it as certain betting-book, for entering bb.

; quate for higher numbers). In, into, along, or
in. [perh. f. abet v. (or obs. n.) ; whether vb across, a space, line, or route, bounded by (two
or n. is prior is doubtful] or more points, lines, &c); in, into, along, or
be*ta, n. Second letter of Greek alphabet, across, an interval separating connecting ; ;

used as name of second star in a constellation, intermediately in place, time, or order, (to)
& in other numberings. [Gk] owing partly to, partaking of, shared by,
beta'ke, v. refl. (-took, -taken). Commit (each); to & fro (go-b.) ; to & from (plies b.

For compounds of be- not given consult be-.

BETWIXT 80 BIBLIOPHIL(E)
London & Brighton) reciprocally on the part drunk),
; [earlier bangue, bang; f. Hind. &c.
of ; confined to (6. ourselves, b. you &
me) ; by bhang]
combination of; taking one &
rejecting the bi-, pref. f. L bi- (earlier dui-, cf. Gk di-, Skr.
other of (choose b.). Far b., at wide intervals dvi) twice, doubly, having two freely used ,

6. cup & lip, of dashed hopes ; b. wind & ;

water, in English, esp. with wds f. L, but also with E

at a vulnerable point ; b. devil &
deep sea, wds (bi-weekly). (1) Adjj., (a) having two
&
with no escape ; betwixt b., half-&-half stand as bicentral, bicristate (b) doubly, in two
;
,

b., mediate, be protector; b. whiles, in the in- ways, as biconcave; (c) in Bot. Zool., twice &
tervals. [OE betweonum, betweon, (be- + dat. over, i. e. divided into similarly divided parts,
& ace. pi. of distrib. num., = L bini, of two); as bipinnate ; (d) lasting for two appearing ,

orig. constr., bi (ssem &c.) tweonum = by (seas every two as biennial ; (e) appearing
,

&c.) twain] twice in a as biannual, bi-monthly many

, ;

betwi'xt, prep. &

adv. (Poet., archaic, or wds are ambiguous between this the last, &
dial., for) between, [earlier betwixen (be- + &
semi-, half-, would be better here ; (f) joining
OSax. twisc f. OTeut. tiviskjo- twofold cf. G two as bi-parietal. ,(2) Nouns, double, as
swischen between)] bi-millionaire. (3) Chem. nouns adjj., having &
Beu'lah, n. Nonconformist chapel. [Is. twice the amount of acid, base, &c, indicated
lxii. 4] by the simple wd, as bicarbonate.
be'vel *• (-vl), n. Joiner's &
mason's tool for bras J , n. (In bowls) lopsided form of a bowl,
setting off angles ; a slope from the horizontal its oblique course, the weight or influence
or vertical, surface so sloping ; b. edge, as in a deflecting it ; (metaph. from bowls) inclination,
chisel; b.-gear, working one shaft from another predisposition (towards), prejudice, influence ;
at angle to it by b.-wheels, cogged wheels with (Dressmaking &c. as a., n., adv.) cut on the
; &
working face oblique to axis. [f. OF *bevel b., cut b., cut obliquely across the texture, b.
(now beveau) etyni. dub.] band &c, band so cut. [f. F biais oblique,
be'vel 2, v.t. &
i. (-11-). Reduce (square edge) obliquity, etym. dub. ; L bifacem nom. -fax
to, take, a slope, [f. prec] two-faced is suggested]
be'vepage (-Ij), n. Drinking-liquor. [f. OF bras 2, v.t. (-s- or -ss-). Give a bias to, in-
barrage (beivre, now boire, f. L bibere drink + fluence (usu. unfairly), inspire with prejudice,
-age)] [f. prec]
be*vy, n. Company (prop, of ladies, roes, bia'xial, a. "With two (optic) axes. [bi-(1 a)
quails, larks), [etyni. dub. ; perh. = drinking + AXIAL]
company (cf. prec.)] bib ] , v.i. Drink much or often, [perh. f. L
bewai'l, v.t. & i. "Wail (over), mourn (for). bibere drink]
[be-(3) + wail v.] bib 2, n. Child's chin-cloth to keep dress-
beware*, v.i. &t. (not inflected, and used front clean adult's apron-top (best b.
; tucker, &
only where be is the vbl part required, as I will best clothes), [perh. f. prec]
b., but not lb.). Be cautious, take heed ; take bib , n. 3 fish, A
the whiting-pout, [from an
heed of, lest, how, that not. [as now used, f. inflatable membrane on head resembling prec]
be v. + OE waer cautious, but with traces of OE biba'sic, a. Having two (chem.) bases.
vbs warian, bavarian, take care of, defend, [bi-(1 a) + base l + -ic]
(surviving in Ware holes ')]
'
!
bi'bbep, n., bi'bbing-, n. a. Tippler, &
taewi'ldep, v. t. Lead astray,perplex, confuse, tippling, (usu. in comb., as wine &c. -&.). [bib
Hence bewi'lderingxY adv., bewrlder- V., -ER -ING
2 T 1 2 , '
]
ment n. [be-(6) + obs. wilder(n) wilderness] Brble, n. The Scriptures of the Old New &
bewi'teh, v.t. Affect by magic, put a spell Testament, a copy of them, a particular edition
on ; delight exceedingly, whence bewi*teh- of them; authoritative textbook; B.-oath,
ing 2 a., bewi'tching'LY 2 adv., bewi'teh- taken on the B. ; B.-reader, one employed to
ment n. [ME biivicchen f. be-(2)+OE iviccian read the B. from house to house ; B.-Christian,
enchant f. wicca witch n.] a member of sect so called ; B.-clerk, student
bewray (bira ), v.t. Reveal, esp. involun- at some Oxford colleges who reads lessons in
-

tarily. [be-(2) +OE ivregan accuse cf. G riigen)] chapel. [F, f. LL f. Gk biblia books pi. of
bey, beylie, (ba-), nn. (Bey) Turkish gov- biblion dim. of biblos papyrus bark]
ernor (beylie) his district,
; [formerly beg f. bi'blical, a. Of, concerning, contained in,
Osmanli bey] the Bible, [f. med. L biblicus (see -ic, -al]
beyo'nd, adv., prep. &
n. At, to, the farther bi'blieo-, comb, form of biblical, as biblico-
side (of), past, outside, besides ; later than ; out poetical. [-o-]
of reach, comprehension, or range, of (b. ?nea- biblio-, comb, form of biblion see bible. Of
swre.exceedingly) ; surpassing ; more than (with books or the Bible.
objective case, as you have prospered b. bibliograph-. See foil., & -graph, -graph-
me) ; (neg. & interrog.) except. (N.) the b., the ER, -GRAPHIC, -GRAPHY.
future life, the unknown; the back of b., the biblio'graphy, n. History of books, their
remotest corner of the world. [OE begeondan authorship, editions, &c book containing such ;

(be- about + geond across + -ana from) ; cf. yon details ; list of books of any author, printer,
& Gjen- that] country, subject, [f. Gk bibliographia; see
be'zant (also biza'nt), n. Gold coin (10/- to biblio-, -graphy]
20/-) current in Europe from 9th c. also silver
; biblid'later, n., biblio'latrous, a., bib-
(1/- to 2/-). [f. OF besan f. L Byzantius (num- lio'latpy, n. Worshipper of, worshipping,
mus coin) of Byzantium] worship of, books, a book, or the Bible, [biblio-*
be'zel, n. Sloped edge of chisel &c. oblique -latry] ;

faces of cut gem ; groove holding watch-glass biblioma'nia, biblioma'niac, nn. Rage
or gem. [f. OF *bezel (now bizeau) etym. dub.] for collecting, enthusiastic collector of, books,
bezrque, (-ek), n. Card-game for two or [see biblio-, -mania]
four. [f. F besigue etym. dub.] bi'bliophil(e), n. Book-fancier, -lover.
bhang (ba-), n. Indian hemp used as nar- Hence bibli6*philiSM(3), biblio*pliiliST(3),
1

cotic & intoxicant (smoked, chewed, eaten, &

nn. [F bibliophile (biblio-, -phil)]

For words in bi-, bin-, not given consult bi-, bin-.

 ;;

BIBLIOPOLE J51 BILIOUS

bi'bliopole, biblio'poly, nn. Seller, sell- bi-fupeate 1
, v.t. & i. Divide into two
ing, of (esp. rare) books, [f. L (-la) f. Gk
biblio- branches, fork. [f. foil., first in p.p. -ated]
poles (BiBLio-, -poles -seller)] brfupeate 2 (-at), a. Forked (esp. in Bot.).
bi'bulous, a. Absorbent addicted to drink. [f. med. L Bi(furcatus f. furca fork,
;
-ate 2 )]
Hence bi'bulousLY 2 adv. [f. L bibulus bifurcation, n. Division into two branches
freely drinking (bibere drink) + -ous] the point of division the branches or one of ;

biea'meral, a. With two (legislative) them. [f. BIFURCATE 1 ]

chambers. ~Lcamera chamber + -al]
[bi-(1 a) 4- big, a. & adv. Large grown up pregnant ; ;

bieap'bonate. See bi-(3) (b. with young, also b.-bellied, & esp.
fig. as
bice, n. Pigment prepared from smalt, yield- b. with fate, news) important (a b. man) ;
;
ing dull light blue and (by mixture) green, [f. boastful(ly) (b. words, looks- look or talk
&.)
Fqis dark-coloured f. It. bigio etyni. dub.] (as distinctive epithet) 6. drum, toe, game;
biee'ntenapy (also -ente"n-), a. & n. (Festi- b.-hom, Rocky-Mountain sheep bigwig, per- ;

val) of the two-hundredth anniversary, [bi- son of importance. Hence bi'gNESS n. [?]
(la) + L centenarius centenary used of years ; brgamist, n. Man (woman) with two wives
by confusion with centennial] (husbands), [see bigamy, -ist]
bicente'nnial, a. & n. Lasting, occurring bi'gamous, a. Guilty of, involving,
every, two hundred years (n.) = prec. [Bi- ;
bigamy, med. L bigamus see foil. + -ous]
if.
ll d) -f centennial] bi'gamy, n. Having two wives or husbands
bice'phalous, a. Two-headed. [Bi-(la) + at once. [f. F bigamie (-yi) f. OF bigame
-cephalous] bigamous f. med. L Bi(gamus f. Gk -gamos
bi'ceps, n. Muscle with double head or -married)]
attachment, esp. the upper-arm flexor muscu- ; bigapoo'n, n. Large white-heart cherry,
larity. [L, = two-headed f. bi-(1 a) + caput head] [f. F bigarreau f. bigarre variegated]
bichlor'ide, n. Compound in which double bige'minal, a. Arranged in two pairs. Ibi-
amount of chlorine combines with metal &c. + L geminus twin -f -al]
(1 c)
[Bl-(3)] bigg, big, n. Four-rowed barley, [f. ON
biehro'mate, n. Salt with double amount bygg = OE beow grain, cf. Gk phu-, Skr. bhu-,
of chromic acid. [bi-(3)] grow]
bi'ekep, v.i. Quarrel ; (of stream, rain. &c.) bight Loop of a rope curve, recess,
(bit), n. ;

brawl, patter flame, light, &c.) flash,

; (of &c, bay. [OE byht cf. G bucht
of coast, river,
glitter. [ME bikeren perh. frequent, of obs. f. OTeut. bugan to bow]
bike to thrust, pierce] bi'got, n. One who holds irrespective of
bicu'spid, a. n. &
(Tooth) with two cusps. reason, &
attaches disproportionate weight to,
Ibi-(1 a) + L cuspis -idis point] some creed, or view. Hence bi'gotED 2 a.
bi'cycle, n., v.i. &
(Ride on) two-wheeled [F, etym. dub. Visigoth, & Sp. bigote mous-
;

velocipede. Hence bi'eyeliST(l) n. [F, f. bi- tache, have been suggested]

(1 + Gk kuklos wheel]
a) bi'gotpy, Conduct, mental state, act, of
n.
bid v.t. &
1
, (past bad, bade, bid, p.p.
i. a bigot, [f. F bigoterie see bigot, -ry] ;

bidden, bid). Command to (usu. without to ;

bi'jou (be'zhoo), n. (pi. -oux, pr. -6b) & a.
now literary, archaic, or poet., for tell with to ;
Jewel, trinket small & elegant. [F, prob. f.
;

also abs., as do as you are &.); invite (esp. Breton bizou ring with stone f. biz - Corn, bis,
in bidden guest) ; salute (person) with xoel-
come, farewell, &c. ; offer price, offer (a certain
Wb/jowterie
bys, finger]
(-zhoo-, or as F), n. Jewelry,
price) for (past &
p.p. bid), whence bi'ddER 1 trinkets, &c. [F, see prec. -ry] &
n. ; proclaim (defiancef the banns) ; b.fair to do, bike, n.,
v.i. & (Abbrev. for) bicycle.
show promise of doing j bidding-prayer, in- bila'tepal, a. on, with, two sides Of,
viting congregation to join, [mixture of (1) affecting, between, two parties. Hence bila*-
OE beodan offer, proclaim, cf. G oieten f. OTeut. tepalLY 2 adv. [bi-(1 a) + L latus -eris side -f
beudan cf. Skr. budh- present perh. Gkputh- & -al]
ascertain, (2) OE biddan press, beg, cf. G bitten bi'lbeppy, n. Fruit of dwarf hardy N.-
f. OTeut. bidjan cf. Skr. bddhate press ; the European shrub growing on heaths & in moun-
variety of forms is due to this confusion] tain woods (also whortle, blae, -b.). [cf. Da.
bid 2, n. Offer of price, esp. at auction, [f. bbllebaer]
prec] bi'lbo, n. Sword, [f. Bilbao in Spain]
bi'ddable, a. Obedient, [-able] bi'lboes, n. pi. Iron bar with sliding
bi'dding, n. In vbl senses; esp., the offers shackles for prisoner. [?]
at auction ; a command, [-ing l
(1)] bile, n. Brownish-yellow bitter fluid secreted
bide, v.t. & i. (Archaic and poet, for abide, by the liver to aid digestion derangement of ;

but the regular wd in) 6. one's time, await best the b. peevishness b.-stone, calculus in gall-
; ;

opportunity. [com.-Teut. OE ; bidan cf. OSax. bladder. [F, f. L bilis]

bidan, OHG bitan] bilge 1 , n. Nearly horizontal part of ship's
bie'nnial, a. & n. Lasting, recurring every, bottom, inside or out the foulness that col- ;

two years; (n., bot.) plant that springs one lects inside the b. belly of barrel b.-keel, ; ;

year, & flowers, fructifies, & perishes, the timber fastened under b. to prevent rolling
next. Hence bie'nnialLY 2 adv. [f. L biennis b.-water, stinking water collected in b. [cor-
f.Bi-(ld) + annus year + -al] ruption of bulge f. OF boulge now bouge]
bienseance (F), n. Decorum. bilge 2, v.t. & i. Stave in, spring a leak in,
biep (ber), n. Movable stand on which coffin the b. bulge, swell out. [f. prec]
;

(or corpse) is taken to grave. [com.-Teut. OE ; bi'liapy, a. Of the bile. [f. F biliaire, see
baer cf. bahre G see & barrow mod. spelling ; bile, -ary 2
]
affected by F Mere] bili'ngual (-inggwal), a. Having, speaking,
bi'ffin, n. Deep-red cooking-apple. [ = beef- spoken or written in, two languages, [f. L
ing f. beep + -ing(3) with ref. to the colour] bilinguis f. Bi-(1 a) +
lingua tongue -f -al]
bi*fid, a. Divided by a deep cleft into two bi'lious, a. Liable to, affected by, arising
parts. Jf. L Bi(Jidus f. st. otfindere cut)] from, derangement of the bile ;
peevish. Hence
bifo'liate (-at), a. Of two leaves. [Bi-(la) bi'liousLY 2 adv., bi'liousNESs n. [f. F
+ L folium leaf + -ate 2 (2)J bilieux f. L biliosus ; see bile, -ose 1
, -ous]
 ) ;;;
; ;;

-BILITY _82 BINE

-bility, suf. See -ble. I bi'lly cock, n. Round-crowned hard felt hat.
bilk, v.t. Evade payment
of (creditor, bill) [bully-cocked hat 1721 = cocked after the fashion
cheat, give the slip to. [etym. dub. perh. = ;
of the bullies]
balk ; earliest use in cribbage, = spoil oppo- bi'lly-goat, n. Male goat. [Billy male
it p tit's score! name]
bill J
, n. Obsolete weapon, halberd ; (also bilo'bate (-at), a. With two lobes. [bi-(1 a),
billhook) concave-edged lopping implement for & see lobe, -ate 2 (2)]
pruning &c. [com.- cf. bille] WG G bi'ltong'.n. Strips of sun-dried meat. [S.-Afr.
bill 2, n. Bird's beak (esp. when slender, Du. f. Ml buttock (from which it is cut) + tong
flattened, or weak, in pigeons &
web-footed & tongue (which it looks like)]
birds) ; muzzle of platypus narrow promon- ; bi'manal, bi'manous, aa., bi'mane, n.
tory (Selsea B. &c.) point of anchor-fluke.
;
(Individual) of the Bimana or two-handed
Hence -billED [OE bile etym. dub.]
2 a. order of mammalia, two-handed, [bimane F f.
bill 3, v.i. b. with b. (of doves); ex-
Stroke bi-(1 a) + L manus hand, & see -al, -ous]
change caresses (esp. b. coo), &
[f. prec] bi'mbo, n. Kind of punch (drink). [~ bumbo]
bill 4 , Draft of proposed Act of Parlia-
n. blmeta'llie, a., bimetallism, n., bime'-
ment (Law) written statement of (esp. plain- tallist, n. &
Of, system of, advocate of,
a.
;

tiffs) case find a true b., ignore the &., forms

(
iising both gold &
silver as legal tender to
by which Grand Jury sends, does not send, any amount at fixed ratio to each other, [f. F
case for trial); note of charges for goods bime'tallique 1869; see bi-(1 a), metallic, -ism(3),
delivered or services rendered poster, placard, ;
-ist(2)J
programme of entertainment; (also b. of ex- bin, n. Receptacle (orig. of wicker, now usu.
change) written order by drawer to drawee to fixed, ofwood) for corn, coal, dust, bottled
pay sum on given date to drawer or to named wine, &c wine from a special b. canvas re-
; ;

payee (if drawn not against value received, but ceptacle used in hop-picking. [OE binn perh.
to raise money on credit, the b. is known as an f LL benna hamper cf. It. benna wicker sleigh]
.

accommodation b. b. of fare, list of dishes to

; bin-, sometimes used for bi- before vowels,
Deserved, menu, (fig.) programme b. of health, ; perh. on anal, of F binocle (f. L bini, not bi-,
certificate regarding infectious disease on ship oculi) and of a an, co- con- for meanings see bi-. ;

or in port at time of sailing (clean b. ofh., no bi'napy, a. Dual, of or involving pairs

disease); b. of lading, ship-master's detailed (Mus.) b. measure, of two beats to bar;
receipt to consignor; b. of sale, transferring b. form, of movement with two themes
personal property, or authorizing its seizure system, two stars revolving round (Astron.) b.
by lender of money if payment is delayed &.- common centre or each other (Chem.) 6. com-
; ;

poster, -sticker, man who pastes up placards pound, of two elements, b. theory, making all
b.-broker, -discounter, dealer in, discounter of,acids compounds of hydrogen, all salts similar
bb. of exchange. [ME bille f. L bidla amulet compounds with metal (Math.) 6. scale, with ;

in medieval sense of seal, papal bull, docu- 2 (not 10) as base of notation, [f. L binarius f.
ment] bini two together]
bill 5, v.t. Announce, put in the programme bi'nate, a. In pairs, [f. L bini two together
plaster with placards, [f. prec] + -ate 2 (2)]
bi'llet a , n. Order requiring person to board bind ', v.t. fie i. (bound, pr. bow- also archaic ;

& lodge the soldier bearing it (every bullet p.p. in bounden duty). Tie; fasten, attach, to,
has its b., hits only by providential order) on put in bonds, restrain ; fasten or hold to- ;

destination; appointment, situation. [ME gether be obligatory, exercise authority, im- ;

billette dim. of bille bill 4 ] pose constraint or duty, on, (pass.) be required
2
bi'llet , v.t. Quarter (soldiers) on (town, by duty to (do something) ; subject to legal
householder, &c), in, at. [I. prec] obligation (esp. b. over to appear, to good be-
bi'llet , 3 n. Thick piece of firewood; small haviour, to keep the peace; fig., I'll be bound,
bar of metal; short roll inserted at intervals go bail for statement), indenture as apprentice
in hollow moulding (Norman archit.). ratify (b. the bargain) make costive bandage
[f. F ; ;

billette & billot dim. of bille tree-trunk etym.(usu. b. up) wreathe (head &c) with, (material) ;

dub.] round, about, on edge with braid, iron, &c ; ;

billet-doux (briidoo*), n. Love-letter (jocu- cohere (of snow, &c); (Bookbind.) fasten (sheets)
lar). [F] into stiff, esp. leather, cover (half-bound, with
bi'lliards, n. pi. Game played with cues leather at back & corners only), b. up, together
& ivory balls on cloth-covered table billiard- in one vol. [com.-Teut. ; OE bindan cf. G bin-
;

marker, attendant keeping the score, [f. F den f. Aryan bhendh]

billard cue dim. of bille see billet 3 ] bind 2, n. Indurated clay between coal
bi'llingsg-ate, n. Abuse, violent invective, strata; (Mus.) curved line between two notes
[from the scolding of fish women in Billingsgate to be sounded continuously = bine. [f. prec] ;

market] bi'ndep, n. In vbl senses also or esp. book- ; :

bi'llion, n. A
million millions; (in U.S.) a b. ; obstetric apparatus long fencing- withe ; ;

thousand millions. [F, coined in 16th c. out of tie-beam ; through-stone in wall wisp of ;

Bl- & million to denote the second power of a straw, part of reaping-machine, for sheaf-
million meaning afterwards changed in France binding ; loose cover for unbound newspapers
;

(so U.S.) but not in England] &c [-ERl]

bi'llow 1 , n. Great wave; (poet.) the sea; bi'nding 1 a. Obligatory (on), [-ing 2] ,

(fig.) anything that sweeps along, as sound, binding 2 , n. In vbl senses; also, book-
troops. Hence bi'llowY 2 a. [f. ON bylgja I. cover; braid &c. for protecting raw edges.
com.-Teut. belgan swell] [-INGl]
bi'llow 2 , Rise, move, in bb. [f. prec]
v.i. brndweed, n. Kinds of convolvulus &
bi'lly, n. (Austral. ). Tin can used as kettle &c other climbing plants, [bind l + weed]
in camping out. [prob. the male name] bine, n. Flexible shoot stem of climbing ;

bi'llyboy, n. One-masted flat-bottomed plant, esp. the hop. [orig. dial, form of bind s
trading ship or barge. [?] now adopted in its place]

For words in bi-, bin-, not given consult bi-, bin-.

 ;
. ;

binnacle: J53 BISQUE

bi'nnacle, n. Box on deck holding compass, bb. ; b.-fancier, one who knows
about, collects,
[earlier bittaclef. Sp. bitdculai. hhabitactdum breeds, or deals in, bb. b.-lime, sticky stuff"
;

lodge (habit are dwell f. habere hold) confusion

; spread on twigs to catch bb. b.-seed, special ;

with bin] seeds given to caged birds; b.'s-eye, kinds of

blnd'culap, a. & n. (Field or opera glass) plant with small bright round flowers as
adapted for two eyes. [f. L bini two together Mealy Primrose or Germander speedwell, (to-
+ ocidus eye + -ar 1 ] bacco) in which ribs are cut as well as fibre,
bino'mial, a. & n. Consisting of two terms b.'s-eye view, conspectus of town, district, &c,
B. theorem, formula for finding any power of as seen from above, or resume" of subject, (of
a b. without multiplying at length (n.) alge- pattern &c.) marked with spots b.'s-foot, kinds
; ;

braic expression of t>wo terms joined by + or - of vetch, fern, trefoil, & starfish; b.'s-nest,
[f. LL binomius ( — L binominis) having two b.-nest, nest of b., kinds of plant as Wild Carrot,
names, f. bi-(1 a) + nomen name] b.-n. orchid, (v.i., esp. in gerund) hunt for nests.
bino'minal, a. Of two names (esp. b. [OEbrid; excl. E, etym. dub.]
system, of scientific nomenclature by genus biP'eme, n. Ancient galley with two banks
& species), [f. L binominis see prec. + -al] of oars. [f. L biremis f. bi-(1 a) + remits oar]
bio-, comb, form of Gk bios (course of) life, bii?etta, n. Square cap worn by R.-C. and
which meaning it has in actual borrowings f. some Anglican clerics, [f. It. berretta f. LL
Gk, as biography in mod. formations it is ex- birretum ifrirrus silk or wool cape ^rob. f. Gk
;

tended to include organic life (Gk zoe). purrhos flame-coloured)]

biog-e*nesis, n. Hypothesis that living birth, n. Bringing forth of offspring (so many
matter arises always * from living matter, at a 6.); coming into the world (give 6. to) ;

[prec. + Gk genesis] origin, beginning parentage, descent, inherited

;

brograph, n. Photographic reproduction position noble lineage, high-born people new ; ;

of continuous action, [bio- + -graph] 6., regeneration birthday, (anniversary of)

;

bio'g'Paphee*, n. Person whose life is day of one's b. (b.-d. present, given on this
written, [formed as correl. to biographer see b.-d. book, for entering friends' b.-dd. ; b.-d.
;

foil.& -EE] ho7iou7's, knighthoods &c. givenon King's b.-d.);

bio'graphy, n. "Written life of a person b.-mark, ortone's body at or from b. (sob.-blind-
:

branch of literature dealing with persons' ness &c); b.-plaee, at which one was born;
lives; life-course of a living being. So bio*- b.-rate, percentage of births to population;
grapher n., bioGRATHic(AL) aa., biog pa , ~ bir'thright, rights belonging to one as eldest
,

phiealLY adv. [f. late Gkbiographia see bio-, son, as born in a certain station or country.
2
-GRAPH Y] or as a human being. [ME byrthe prob. f. ON
bio'logry, n. Science of physical life, dealing byrthr f. OTeut. (ga)btirthiz f. beran bear 3 +
with the morphology, physiology, origin, & dis- -TH 1 ]
tribution, of animals & plants. So biolo*- bis, adv. (Mus.) over again, repeat. Twice
gic(AL) aa., biolo'gricalLY 2 adv., bio'logiST (calling attention to a double occurrence in
n. [bio-, -logy, -logist] references &c). [F It. f. L, = twice]&
bi'oplasm, broplast, nn. The germinal bi'scuit (-kit), n. a. &
Piece of unleavened
matter, a small separate portion of it, from bread of various materials, usu. crisp, dry,
which all living things spring, [bio- + Gk hard, &
in small flat thin cakes ; porcelain
plasma, thing moulded, plastos moulded &c. after baking but before glazing paint- &
(plasso to mould)] ing ; (of) light-brown colour ; b.-throw (naut.),
bi'oseope, n. = biograph. [bio-, scope] short distance, [earlier bislcet (now assim. to
bi'ped, a. & n., bi'pedal, a. Two-footed mod. F) f. OF bescoit (L bis, coctus p.p. of
(animal), [f. L bipes -edis i. Bi-(la) +pes pedis cogue re cook)]
foot] bise (bez), n. Keen dry N. wind in Switzer-
bipi'nnate, a. Having lobes that them- land, S. France, &c. [F]
selves have lobes. [bi-(1 c)+pixnate] bise'et, v.t. Cut or divide into two (usu.
bi'plane, n. Two-planed aeroplane, [bi-] equal) parts. Hence bise'CTiON n. [bi-, L
bipo'lap, a. With two poles or extremities. secare sect- cut]
[Bi-(la)] bisector, n. Bisecting line, [-or 2]
Bipo'ntine, a. Printed at Zweibriicken bisexual, a. Of two sexes; having both
(editions of classics), [bi- two- + L pons pontis sexes in one individual. [bi-(1 a) + sexual]
bridge (transl. of the name) + -INE J ] bi'shop, n. Clergyman consecrated as eccl.
biquadratic, a. & n. (Number) of the governor of a diocese ; 6. in partibtis (infi-
fourth power, square of a square; b. (equa- delium), having the title, & competent to con-
tion), in which the unknown quantity is b. firm &c, but with no diocese (the nominal
[Bi-(lb)] one being in heathen possession) mitre-shaped ;

birch (-tsh), n. Kinds of«smooth-barked slen- piece in chess mulled & spiced wine Bishops'
l
; ;

der-branched northern forest tree ; (also b.-rod) Bible, version of 1568; b/s-cap, -hat, -leaves,
bundle of its twigs used for flogging schoolboys -weed, various plants. [OE biscop f. L f. Gk
&c. Hence bip'chEN 5 a. [OE berc = OX
bjork episkopos overseer (epi on + -skopos -looking]
(wbence northern birk), & OE bierce = OHGbi'shoppic, n. Office of bishop. [OE bis-
biricha, both f. Aryan bhergo- cf. Skr. bhurja] ceoprice (prec. + rice realm cf. G reich)]
bipeh 2 , v.t. Flog with a b. [f. prec] bisk, n. Rich soup made by boiling down
bird, n. Feathered vertebrate game b., birds &c. [f. F bisque craj-fish soup]
;

esp. the partridge; little 6., unnamed inform- bi'smuth (-z-), n. A

reddish-white metal.
ant; 66. of a feather, people of like character; [GJnow vxismut), etym. dub.]
6. in hand, in bush, certainty, contingency; bi'son, n. Wild ox of two species, (also
6. is flown, prisoner &c. escaped ; kill two 66. aurochs) formerly over Europe, and still in
vrith one stone, gain two ends at once 6. of Lithuania, (also buffalo) about Rocky Moun-
;

Jove, eagle, of Juno, peacock, of paradise, tains, [f. L bison -ontis f. OTeut. wdsand cf.
New Guinea family with beautiful plumage, OE wesend, xcisunt\ OHG
of passage, migratory (also fig. of sojourner), bisque 1 (-k), n. (Tennis) right of scoring
of prey, member of orders Raptor es & A
c- one point without winning it at any time in
cipitres, as hawk, eagle, owl b.-cage, for b. or the set. [F, etym. dub.]
;
 ;;;; ;

bisque:
bisque 2 (-k), n.
used in statuettes, [f. biscuit]
bisse'xtile, a. & n. Leap(-year). [f. L bi(s)-
sextilis (annus), year containing the bis sextus
dies or doubled 24th Feb. (vi Kal. Mart.)]
bi'stopt, n. Herb with cylindrical spike of
flesh-coloured flowers, [f. L bistorta (bis twice
+ tort a fern. p.p. of torquere twist) w. ref. to
84 BLACK
Unglazed white porcelain board, bitter being the turn at any moment on
the bitts]
bi'ttern, n. Kinds of marsh bird allied to
herons, esp. one known for its booming note.
[ME botor f. OF butor etym. dub.]
bi'ttoek, n. Little bit. [bit 2 + -ock]
bitts, n. pi. Pair of posts on deck for fasten-
ing cables &c. [etym. dub. in most European ;

twisted form of root] langg. perh. f. bitan bite]

;

bi'stoupy (-tori), n. Surgeon's scalpel, [f. bitirmen, n. Mineral pitch, asphalt; (Sci.)
F bistouri etym. dub.] kinds of native oxygenated hydrocarbon, as
bi'stre (-ter), n. a. &
Brown pigment pre- naphtha, petroleum. Hence bitirmini'FER-
pared from soot; colour(ed) like this. [F, ous, bitirminous. aa. r L, genit. -minis, cf.
perh. f. OF behistre = besistre = bissextile, gum]
Skr. gatu
the meaning gloomy from notion of unlucky bitvrminize, v.t. Convert into, impregnate
day] or varnish with, bitumen. Hence bitu'-
bit l , n. Something to eat (a b. a sup) & minizATiON n. [prec. + -ize (3, 5)]
boring-piece of drill, cutting-iron of plane, bi'valent, a. = divalent.
nipping-part of pincers &c, part of. key that bi'valve, a. & n., bi'valved, biva'lvulap,
grips lock-lever; mouthpiece of bridle, (fig.) aa. With two valves; (mollusc) with hinged
control, (draw b., slacken pace take b. between ; double shell oyster. [bi-(1 a) + valve, valvED 2
;

teeth, reject control). [OE bite, com.-Teut. f. & see -ULE, -AR 1
]
,

OTeut. bitiz cf. G biss f. bitan to bite] bi'vouae (-ob-), v.i., & n. (-acking, -acked).
bit 2, «. Morsel of food (dainty, tit-, b.) (Remain, esp. for the night, in) temporary en-
small piece of anything (b. by b.., gradually campment without tents; bivouacked, in b.,
give a b. of one's mind, speak candidly) piece ; see -ed 1 (2). [F, prob. f. G beiwacht (by, watch)
of scenery actual or painted short passage in ; additional guard at night (in Argau Zurich)] &
book &c. bb. of, poor little (children, furni-
; bizappe* (-ar), a. Eccentric, fantastic, gro-
ture) ;a b. of a, rather a (coward &c.) a b., ; tesque, mixed in style, half barbaric. So
rather, not a b., not at all, every b. as, quite bizarrerie" (-re) [-ery] n. [F ; cf. Sp. bizarro
as a short time (wait a b.) small coin (U.S.,
; ; handsome, brave, It. bizzarro choleric perh. f.
of fractions of Spanish dollar in Engl., three- ; Basque bizarra beard]
penny b., &c). [OE bita com.-Teut. f. OTeut. blab, v.t. & i., & n. Talk or tell foolishly
biton cf. G bisse f. bitan to bite] or indiscreetly, reveal, let out, (secrets &c, or
bit 3, v.t. Put b. into mouth of (horse) ac- ; abs.); hence bla'bbER 1 n. (N.) person who
custom to the b. restrain, [f. bit ] ] ; blabs, [etym., relation of vb to n. &
to older &
bitch, n. Female of dog, fox, wolf, (usu. obs. vb blabber, doubtful]
b. fox, & b. wolf) harlot. [OE bicce etym. dub.]
; black 1
, a. Opposite \x) white, colourless
bite 1 , v.t. & i. (past bit; p.p. bitten some- from the absence or complete absorption of all
times bit). Cut into or nip with the teeth ; light so near this as to have no distinguishable
;

(with off &c.) detach with the teeth snap at; ; colour very dark-coloured (b. in the face,
;

(of serpents, fleas, &c.) sting, suck accept bait ; purple with strangulation or passion) dark- ;

(lit. & fig.); (of sword &c.) penetrate; cause skinned dark-clothed (of sky, deep water,
; ;

glowing, smarting, &c, pain to (frost-bitten) &c.) dusky, gloomy; (of hands, linen) dirty;
corrode; (of wheels, anchor, &c.) grip; b. the (as specific epithet) b. bear, currant, snake,
dust or ground, fall & die b. one's lijjs, to ; heart-cherry wicked, hateful,
; deadly, sinister,

control anger &c. bitten with, infected with (a; (b.-hearted 6. ingratitude crimes of blackest
; ;

mania, enthusiasm, &c). [OE bitan; com.- dye) dismal (6. despair) angry, sulky, threat-
; ;

Teut, cf. G beissen f. OTeut. bitan cf. Skr. ening, (b.-broived b. looks; look b.) implying ; ;

bhid-, L fid- (findere cut)] disgrace or condemnation (6. mark, of dis-

bite 2
, n. Act of, wound made by, piece credit against one's name ; b. book, list, of
detached by, biting food to eat (b. sup) ; & persons suspect, tabooed, &c. deep in one's ;

taking of bait by fish; grip, hold, (lit. & fig.), b. books, quite out of his favour). B. blue, &
[f. prec] discoloured with bruise b. tan, (dog) so ; &
bi'ter, n. In vbl senses also, swindler (only ; coloured b. ; &
white, ink drawing (doivn in
now in the b. bit), [-er l ] b. & w., recorded in writing cr print) b. art, ;

bi'ting , 1

a. In vbl senses ; esp., pungent, magic [b. partly in sense wicked, partly by
stinging, sarcastic. Hence bi'tingLY 2 adv. assoc. w. med. L nigromantia corrupt, of
[part, of bite j ] necromancy] b. ball, used to reject candidate ;

bi'tter, a., adv., n. Tasting like worm- & in club ballot, whence blackball v.t. ; &.-
wood or quinine, opposite to sweet (b.-cup, beetle, cockroach ; blackberry, bramble or its
cup of quassia wood giving b. tonic property fruit (plentiful as blackberries, as can be ;
to liquid drunk from it); unpalatable to the blackberry ing, gathering them) blackbird, ;

mind, full of affliction; virulent, relentless; European song-bird, kidnapped negro on slave-
biting, harsh; piercingly cold (also as adv., it ship (blackbirding, trade in these) b.-board, in ;

teas b. cold) to the b. end, last extremity

;
; lecture -room for demonstrations in chalk;
hence bi'ttepiSH 1 (2) a., bi'tten.v 2 adv., b. cap, put on by judge in sentencing to death ;
bi'ttePNESS n. (N.) bitterness (the b. with the blackcap, kinds of bird, esp. the B. Warbler
sweet, the bb. of life); (pi.) liquors impregnated b. cattle b. cock, male (opp. grey hen) of B.
;

with wormwood &c. taken as stomachics Grouse B. Country, smoky district in Staffs.
;
= bitter beer ; b.-sweet, sweet(ness) with bitter &c. ; 6. dog, sulks b. draught, an aperient-; ;

after-taste or element (lit. fig.), Woody & b. eye, discoloured with bruise, also with dark
Nightshade. [OE biter; com.-Teut. prob. f. iris whence blaek-eyED 2 a. b.-face, dark- ;

bitan to bite ; the b. etui may be f. Naut, faced sheep; b. fellow, Australian native; b.-
where the wds mean the last part of a cable fish, a species, also salmon just after spawning;
left round the bitts when the rest is over- b. flag, used by pirates, also signal of execution

For words in bi-, bin-, not given consult bi-, bin-.

 ;; ;

BLACK 85 BLASPHEME
completed 6. friar, Dominican b. game, B.
; ; dark-blue, the direct descendant of the OTeut,
Grouse (& see b. cock) black'guard, scoun- ;
blxwoz cf. G blau f. which blue comes in-
drel(ly), foul-mouthed (person), whence blaek'- directly through F bleu]
g-uardLY 1 a., blaek'guardiSM (2) n., (v.t.) blague (ahg), n. Pretentiousness. [F]
call blackguard, abuse scurrilously [orig. col- blaln, n. Inflamed sore on skin, pustule.
lect, n., applied at various times to menials of [OE blegen cf. Ou. blein]
royal household, camp-followers, bodyguard, blame 1 , v.t. Find fault with fix the re- ;

criminal class, & vagrants] b.-head, kinds ; sponsibility on be to b., deserve censure.
;

of bird, esp. kind of gull; b. hole, military Hence bla'mABLE a., bla'mabLY 2 adv. [f.
lock-up (so B. H. of Calcutta) b.-jack, tarred- ; OF bldmer, blasmer, f. L as blaspheme]
leather wine - bottle ; b.-lead, (polish with) blame 2, n. Censure responsibility for bad ;

plumbago [named from marking like lead]; result (lay the b. on, bear the b.). [f. OF bldme
blackleg, swindler esp. on turf, workman who cf. prec]
works for master whose men are on strike bla'meful, a. (Rare) conveying, (usu.)
[orig. of senses unknown]; b. letter, old type deserving, censure, [-ful]
like the German blackmail, (Hist.) tribute ; bla'meless, a. Innocent. Hence bla'me-
exacted by freebooters for protection & im- lessLv 2 adv., bla'melessxESs n. [less]
munity, (mod., v.t. & n.) (force to make) pay- bla*meworthy,a. Deserving blame. Hence
ment for not revealing discreditable secrets bla'meworthiNESS n.
&c, whence blaekmai'lER n. [obs. mail blanch, v.t, & i. Make white by with- l

rent, OE mal f. OX mal agreement perh. = OHG drawing colour, peeling (almonds), or depriving
mahal assembly] b. Maria, vehicle for taking of light (plants) make or grow pale with fear,
; ;

prisoners from &

to gaol ; b. monk, Bene- b. over, palliate by misrepresentation,
cold, &c. ;

dictine ; b. pudding, sausage-shaped of blood, [f. F

blanchir (blanc blank)]
suet, &c B. Rod, gentleman usher of Lord
;
blancmange (blamalrnzh), n. Opaque
Chamberlain's department, House of Lords, & white jelly of isinglass, gelatine, or cornflour,
Garter ; b. sheep, scoundrel blacksmith, smith ; and milk. [f. OF blancmanger white food
working in iron (cf. WHiTEs?tiith) ; black- (blanc blank + manger eat f. L manducare
thorn, thorny shrub bearing white flowers manducate)]
before leaves &
small plums or sloes (black- bland, a. Gentle, polite, in manner* ironi-
thorn winter, time of its flowering, cold with cal; balmy, mild. Hence bla'ndLY 2 adv.,
NE winds), cudgel or walkingstick of this bla'ndNESS n. [f. L blandus\
B. Watch, 42nd Highlanders [f. orig. uniform]. bla'ndish, v.t. Flatter, coax. Hence
Hence bla'ekiSH 1 (2) a., bla'ckNESS n. [OE bla'ndishMENT n. (usu. in pi.), [f. F blandir
blxc, blac, = OHG blah-, blach-, perh. cogn. w. (-1SH 2 f. L blandiri (blandus)]
)

Gk phlego burn] blank 1 , a. Not written or printed on (of

black 2 n. B. colour b. paint, dye, varnish
, ; ;
paper); (of document) with spaces left for
b. speck fungus, smut, in wheat &c.
; particle ;
signature or details (in b., draxen in &., so pre-
of soot b. cloth(es) negro or negrito, whence
; ; pared b. cheque, with amount left for payee to
;

bla*ekY 3 n. [f. prec] fill in, hence = carte blanche) ; empty, not
black 3
, v.t. Make b. ; polish with black- filled, (b. space &c. ; b. cartridge, without ball)
ing; b. out, obliterate, [f. black ]
] void of interest, incident, result, expression
bla'ckamoop, n. Negro; dark-skinned per- look b., nonplussed; unrelieved, sheer; un-
son. [BLACK + moor] 1 rhymed (b. verse, esp. the five-foot iambic).
bla'cken, v.t. & i. Make, grow, black or Hence bla'nkNESS n. [f. F blanc white, com.-
dark speak evil of (person's character). [ME
; Rom. cf. It. bianco f. OHG blanch f. OTeut.
blaknen (black -en 6 )] 1
, blankoz shining cf. blink]
bla'cklng*, n. In vbl senses also, paste or ; blank 2 , n. Lottery ticket that gains no
liquid for blacking boots, [-ing ] ]
prize space left to be filled up in document,
;

bla'dder, n. Membranous bag in human empty surface (one's mind, memory, &c, is a
& other animal bodies (esp. the urinary b., b., has no sensations &c); words printed in
also gall, air, swimming, -b.) ; the same or part italics in Pari, bills time without incident, ;

of it prepared for various uses, inflated &c. ;

thing without meaning; coin-disk before
(fig.) anything inflated & hollow, wordy man, stamping dash written instead of word or
;

windbag inflated pericarp or vesicle in plants

; letter, whence blank, blanky, blanked, as sub-
& seaweeds (b.-wrack, common sea-weed with stitutes for abusive nouns and adjj. [uses of
these in its fronds). Hence bla'dderv 2 a. prec]
[OE blxdre, com.-Teut. cf. G blatter f. OTeut. bla'nket 1 , n. Large woollen sheet used for
blxdron- f. vb st. blx- blow 1 + -dron instr. suf. bed covering, for horse-cloth, & by savages
cf. Gk -tron] for clothes wet b., person who extinguishes
;

blade, n.& poet.) leaf; flat lanceo-

(Vague conversation born on wrong side of b., illegiti-
;

late leaf esp. of grass & cereals; whole of mate, [f. OF blanquette (blanc blank -f- -ette)]
such plants before ear comes {in the b.) bla'nket 2 , v.t. Cover with a b. toss in a ;

(Bot.) expanded part of leaf apart from foot b. as punishment take wind from sails of ;

stalk; flattened part of instrument, as oar, (another yacht) by passing to windward, [f.
bat, spade, paddle-wheel cutting-piece of ; prec]
edged tool, as sword, chisel, knife sword ; bla'nkly, adv. Without expression, vacu-
(also b.-bone) flat bone, esp. shoulder-b. as joint ously, (look b. &c); flatly (deny b. &c). [blank 1
of meat or otherwise jovial, hectoring, gay, ; + -LV 2 ]
&c, fellow (usu. with epithet). Hence (-)blad- blare, v.i. & t. Make sound of trumpet
ed 2 a, [OE blxd com.-Teut., cf. G blatt, perh.
; utter loudly, [perh. imit, cf. MDu. blaren, G
;

partic. form with -do-, Aryan -to-, f. OTeut. vb pldrren]

st. bio- BLOW 3 cf. L flos ; OE not using blxd, blar'ney, n., & v.t. & i. (Use, assail with)
but teaf, in the vegetable sense, it is likely cajoling talk. [Blarney, Irish castle with
that the mod. use is a retransfer f. sword-b., stone conferring a cajoling tongue on whoever
helped by med. L bladum, OF bled (now ble), kisses it]
corn] bfa'se (-ahza), a. Cloyed, tired of pleasure, f F]
blaeberry (a-), n. = bilberry, [blae livid, blaspheme, v.i. & t. Talk impiously;
 ; ;:

BLAST 86 BLENNY
utter profanity about, revile. So blas- -eb., -ib., or -ib., ace to conjug. (-ib. also f. p.p.
phe*mER 2 (4), bla'sphemY nn„ bla*s- stems as flexibilis). F in making new wds 1
,

phemous a., bla'sphemousLY 2 adv. [ME uses only -able E vacillates between this ;

blasfemen f. OF blasfemer f. L blasphemare & using -ible w. L 3rd-conj. or p.p. stems, -able
f. Gk blasphemed blasphemos (bias- etym. elsewhere to this confusion, incurable at
f. ;

dub., perh. blab- hurt + -phemos -speaking)] present, is added that between -able 8c -eable
blast \ Strong gust of wind sound of
n. ; -cable is necessary after soft -c, -g, (cf. navi-
wind-instrument; current of air in smelting gable, manageable) ; it is also used arbitrarily
&c [in, out of, b., of furnace working or not) in some wds to affect the vowel of the previous
quantity of explosive used in blasting opera- syllable (tameable). See also -able, -ible.
tion b.-furnace, smelting furnace into which
;
The E meaning in new wds is always passive,
compressed hot air is driven by engine. [OE in old ones (capable) often active. From adjj.
blxst; com.-Teut. f. OTeut. blxstuz, f. blxsan in -ble are formed nouns in -bility (L -bilitas,
blow see blaze 5 ] see -ty) as well as in -bleness.
blast 2, v.t. Blowup (rocks &c.) with ex- bleach (-tsh), v.t. &i. Whiten by exposure
plosives; wither, shrivel, blight, (plant, ani- to sunlight or by chemical process ; bleaching-
mal, limb, prosperity, character; esp., with poicder, (so-called) chloride of lime. [OE
subj. God understood, in curses, whence blxcan ; com.-Teut. f. OTeut. Maikjan cf. OE
blasted, damnable), [f. prec] Mac pale]
blasto-, first element in many biological bleak *, n. Small river fish, & allied seafish,
terms, meaning germ, bud. [f. Gk blastos of various species, [prob. f. ON Meikjai. OTeut.
sprout] blaikjon white cf. prec]
bla'stoderm, n. Germinal membrane bleak 2 , a. Wanting colour; bare, exposed,
round yolk in impregnated ovum, dividing windswept chilly dreary, [perh. northern
; ;

later into three layers iepiblast, mesoblast, form of obs. bleach, bleche, OE Mxc variant of
hypoblast) from which all parts of the animal Mac see bleach]
are developed, [prec. + Gk derma skin (dero blear (-er), a., & v.t. (Make) dim-sighted,
flay, -m)] dull, filmy, (eyes or mind) ; (make) indistinct in
bla'tant, a. Noisy, vulgarly clamorous. outline ; b.-eyed, having blear eyes without ;

Hence bla'tantLY 2 adv., bla'tAXCY n. [prob. foresight or penetration. Mere adj., etym. [ME
invented by Spenser, (F. Q., "V. xii. 37, b. beast) dub.]
perh. in sense bleating] bleat, v.i. &t.,&n.
(Make) sheep's, goat's,
blaze 1 , n. Bright flame or fire (in a b., on or calf's, cry speak (& b. oid, say) feebly or
;

fire) (slang) bb. =

; hell (go to bb., what the bb.), foolishly. [OE blxtan, com.-WG cf. Du. blaten,
like bb., impetuously violent outburst (b. of ; G bloken]
passion &c.) glow of colour, bright display
; ; bleb, n. Small blister or bubble on skin, in
full light (b. of publicity). [OE blase, blxse, water or glass, [imit. of making bubble with
torch, cf. G bldss pale, & blaze 3 ] lips, cf. blob, blubber]
blaze 2, v.i. Burn with flame (b. up, burst bleed, & t. (bled). Emit blood (heart
v.i.
into b.); be brilliantly lighted burn with . ; bleeds, is inacute distress) suffer wounds or ;

excitement &c. (b. up, burst out in anger) violent death (often for cause &c) (of plants) ;

show bi"ight colours emit light b. away, fire ; ; emit sap part with money, pay lavishly,
;

continuously with rifles &c, work enthusiasti- suffer extortion draw blood surgically from; ;

cally at anything blazing indiscretion, rash ; extort money from bleeding-heart, pop. ; name
& conspicuous piece of candour (Hunting) ; of various plants, as Wallflower. [OE MMan
blazing scent, very strong (opp. to cold scent). f.OTeut. blodjan (cf. G bluten) f. blodom
[f. prec] # blood]
blaze 3 , n. White mark on horse's or ox's ble'mish 1 , v.t. Mar, spoil the beauty or
face, or made on tree by chipping bark to mark perfection of, sully, [f. OF blemir (-ish 2 ) f.
route, [from 17th c. ; = blesi star on horse's OX Maisme, blcsme, blcme, pale, etym. dub.]
forehead, cf. G bldsse in same sense &G Mass ble'mish 2, n. Physical or moral defect,
pale] stain, flaw. [f. prec]
blaze 4
, v.t. Mark (tree, and so path) by blench t. Start aside, flinch,
(-tsh), v.i. &
chipping bark. prec] [f. quail close the eyes to, disguise from oneself.
;

blaze 5 , Proclaim as with trumpet,

v.t. Ithere is OE Mencan cheat,& prob. connexion
esp. b. abroad, spread (news) about, [prob. f. & confusion with blink]
ON blasa blow f. OTeut. blxsan f. root blx- cf. blend v.t. & 1
(blended
, i. or blent). Mix
L flare blow 1
] (things) together (esp. sorts of tea, spirit, to get
bla'zer, n. Coloured jacket for boating, certain quality) ; mingle (t. i. of element) &
golf, &c ; (slang) outrageous lie. [blaze 2 + intimately with ; mix (components) so as to be
-ER 1
] inseparable & indistinguishable ; become one,
bla'zon 1 , n. Heraldic shield, coat of arms, form harmonious compound ; pass imper-
bearings, or banner; correct description of ceptibly into each other (esp. of colours),
these record, description, esp. of virtues &c
; [there is OE blandan mix but blenden ; ME
[f. F Mason etym. dub. orig. meaning shield ; is prob. f. blanda] ON
in lit. sense] blend 2, n. Mixture made of various sorts
bla'zon , v.t. Describe or paint (arms)
2
of tea, spirits, &c. [f. prec]
heraldically inscribe (object) with arms,
; blende, n. Native sulphide of zinc. [G
names, &c, in colours or ornamentally; give blendendes Erz deceiving
ore 'because while
lustre to set forth in fitting words proclaim.
; ; often resembling galena yielded no lead '] it
Hence bla'zonMENT n. [f. prec. partly con- Blenheim (-enlm), n. & a. Kind of spaniel
fused in sense with blaze 5 ] B. Orange, golden-coloured apple. [Duke of
bla'zonpy, n. (Art of describing or painting) Marlborough's seat at Woodstock]
heraldic devices, armorial bearings brightly ; blenno- , blenn-, stem of many wds in
coloured display, [prec. + -ry] pathology. Of mucus. [Gk blennos mucus]
-ble, suf. OF f. L -bilis forming vbl adjj. ble'nny, n. Small spiny-finned sea-fish, [as
active or passive (penetrabilis penetrating or prec (through L blennius) from mucous coat-
penetrable) f. vb or p.p. stems. L has -ab., ing of its scales]
 ;;;; ;

BLENT 87 BLOCK
blent. See blend K bli'ndag-e (-Ij), n. Screen for troops in
ble'pharo-, stem of pathological words. fortification, sieges, &c. [-age]
Of the eyelids, [f. Gk blepharon eyelid] bli'ndfold , v.t. Deprive (eyes, person) of
1

bless, v.t. (past & p.p. blessed, sometimes sight with bandage (also fig.). [corruption
blest, & see under blessed). Consecrate (esp. (through notion of folding) of blindfellen ME
food ;not a penny to b. oneself with, w. ref. to (fell v.) strike blind, chiefly used in p.p.,
cross on silver penny) call holy, adore, (God)
; whence the -d, which helped the confusion]
attribute good fortune to (esp. one's stars) bli'ndfold 2 , a. & adv. With eyes bandaged ;
;
pronounce words that bring supernatural without circumspection, [p.p., earlier blind-
favour upon (of father, priest, &c); invoke felled see prec]
God's favour on make happy or successful
; bli'ndly, adv. Without seeing, gropingly ;
(abs. or icith something) Ood b. me, b. me. God recklessly, [-ly 2 ]
;

b. you, b. you, b. the boy, b. my soul, I'm blest, bli'ndness, n. Want of sight want of in- ;

exclamations of surprise or indignation tellectual or moral sense, folly, recklessness.

(euphem.) = damn, curse, &c. [OE bloedsian, [-NESS]
bUdsian, bUtsian; excl. E, but formed on blink, v.i. & t. Move the eyelids look with ;

OTeut. blodisojan f. blodom blood (consecrate eyes opening and shutting shut the eyes for ;

by sacrifice) ; meaning influenced (1) by the a moment; shine with unsteady light, cast
word's being used at the Eng. conversion to momentary gleam ignore, shirk consideration ;

translate L benedicere, (2) by confusion with of, (esp. the fact). [ME blinken, more usu.
the independent bliss] Menken cf. Du. & G blinken perh. f. stem blik- ;

blessed, blest, (for pronunc. see under shine]

etym.), a. Consecrated; revered; fortunate; blink, n. Momentary gleam or glimpse ;
b. with, fortunate in the possession of (esp. (also ice-b.) whiteness about horizon, reflection
iron.); in paradise (esp. asn., the &.); blissful, of distant ice-fields, [f. prec]
bringing bappiness (b. ignorance &c); bli'nkep, n. In vbl senses also, (usu. pi.) ;

(euphem.) cursed, [p.p. of prec. as p.p. & screen(s) preventing horse from seeing side-
;

past tense blessed is usu. monosyl., as adj. ways. [-ER 1 ]

disyl. of the adj. forms blessed is the ordinary,
; bliss, n. Gladness, enjoyment; perfect joy,
blest the poet., also used in some phrr. as Isles blessedness being in heaven. Hence bli'ss- ;

of the Blest] ful a., bli-ssfulLY 2 adv., bli'ssfulNESS n.

blessedness, n. Happiness enjoyment of [OE bliths (blithe blithe + OTeut. suf. -sjd-) ;
;

divine favour single b., jocular phr. for being the sense has shifted from earthly to heavenly
;

unmarried (perversion of Shaksp. M. N. D., i. joy by confusion with bless]

i. 78). [prec. + -ness] bli'ster, n., & v.t. & i. Vesicle on skin filled
blessing", n. Declaration, invocation, or with serum, caused by friction, burning, &c ;
bestowal, of divine favour grace before or similar swelling on surface of plant, metal,
;

after food (ask ab.); gift of God, nature, Sec., painted wood (Med.) anything applied to ;

thing one is glad of. [bless + -ing *] raise a b. (Vb) raise b. on become covered ;

ble'ther, bla'ther, v.i., & n. (Talk) loqua- with bb. (slang) bore, waste time of. [ME :

cious nonsense. [ME blather f. ON blathra talk blester perh. f. OF blestre f. ON bldstr swelling
nonsense (blathr nonsense) blether is the (blasa to blow)] ;

Scotch form adopted from Burns &c] blithe (-dh), a. Gay, joyous, (chiefly poet).
blew, past of blow 1 3 ' Hence bli'theLY 2 adv., bli'thesoME adi.
.

blight 1 (-It), n. Disease of unknown or [OE blithe, com.-Teut., cf. OHG Midi perh. r.
atmospheric origin affecting plants plant dis- vb st. Mi- shine] ;

ease caused by fungoid parasites, mildew, rust, bli'zzard, n. Blinding snow-storm, [first
smut species of aphis hazy close state of common in U.S. newspapers in severe winter
; ;

atmosphere any obscure malignant influence, 1880-1 imit., cf. Mow, blast, blind, & see -ard]
; ;

[from 17th c, etym. dub.] bloat 1 , v.t., bloa'ter, n. Cure (herring) by

blight 2, v.t. Exert baleful influence on, nip salting & smoking slightly into Moated her-
in the bud, wither, mar. [f. prec] ring or bloater, [f. obs. adj. bloat Mote ME
blind *, a. Without sight without foresight, perh. = ON Mautr soaked]
;

discernment, or moral or intellectual light ib.to, bloat 2, v.t. & i., bloa'ted, a. Inflate, swell
incapable of appreciating one's b. side, direc- (t. & i.) (chiefly in p.p. as adj.) puffed up, esp.
; ;

tion in which one reckless

is unguarded) ; with gluttony, overgrown, too big, pampered,
mechanical, not ruled by purpose, (b. forces) ; [f. obs. adj. bloat ME.bloict, Moid, perh. variant
hard to trace (b. track) (Post Office) b. letter,
; of ME Mote see prec]
man, reader, of ill-addressed letters and the blob, n. Drop of liquid small roundish ;

officials dealing with them concealed (b. ditch ;

;
mass; spot of colour; (Cricket) = duck's egg.
b.-stitch, sewing visible only on one side, also [imit., cf. bleb]
as v.t. &
i. sew thus) b. door &c, walled up
; blo'bber-lipped, a. With thick protruding
closed at one end (b. alley) b. hazard, hookey, [imit., cf. bleb; blabber, blubber, are
; lips,
card-games; b.-man's-buff, game in which blind- found in same sense]
fold player tries to catch others, who push him block n. Log of wood, tree-stump, (chip 1
,

about [f. obs. buff = buffet] b.-story, triforium of old b., child like his father esp. in character;
;

below clerestory admitting no light b. man's cut bb. with razor, waste ingenuity &c); large ;

holiday, time before candles are lighted b. piece of wood for chopping or hammering on ;

coal, burning without flame, anthracite &.- (the b., death by beheading) or mounting horse ;

ivorm, = SLOW-tcor?>i (f. small size of eyes). from mould for shaping hats on, shape ;

[com.-Teut.] barber's b., wooden head for wigs pulley, ;

blind 2, v.t. Deprive of sight permanently system of pulleys mounted in case piece 6f ;
or temporarily rob of judgment, deceive, wood engraved for printing; bulky piece of
;

[f. prec] anything unhewn lump of rock prepared ; ;

blind n. Obstruction to sight or light; piece of building-stone collection of buildings

3
, ;

screen for window, esp. on roller Venetian 6., bounded by (usu. four) streets stolid or hard-
( ;

of laths running on webbing) (Fortif.) = foil. hearted person, whence blo'ekiSH 1 a. ob-
; ;

pretext, stalking-horse, [f. prec] struction, (Pari.) notice that a bill will be
 ;; ,;
;

BLOCK _88 BLOTCH

opposed, which prevents its being taken at find incitements to slaughter or traces of b. in
certain times & so often kills it ; (traffic) them); b.-stained, stained with b., disgraced
jammed vehicles unable to proceed B. system ; by bloodshed bloodstone, kinds of precious ;

on railways, by which no train may enter a stone spotted or streaked with red, esp. Helio-
section till it is clear (Cricket) spot on which ;
trope; b.-sucker, leech, extortioner; b.-thirsty,
batsman blocks ball rests bat before & eager for bloodshed, whence bloo'dthlrsti-
playing; b. -chain, kind of endless chain used ness n. ; b.-vessel, flexible tube (vein or artery)
in bicycle &c. blockhead, dolt; blockhouse, ;
conveying b. ; bloodworm, bright-red kind used
detached fort (orig. one blocking passage), some- in fishing; b.-wort, kinds of plant with red
times one of connected chain of posts, also one- roots or leaves, esp. Bloody Dock. [OE blod,
storeyed timber building with loopholes, also com.-Teut., cf. blut f. OTeut. blodom] G
house of squared logs. [prob. f. F bloc, which blood 2 , v.t. (Surg.) remove a little of the b.
is perh. bloh (G block)]
f. OHG of (usu. bleed) ; allow first taste of b. to (hound ;
block 2 Obstruct (passage &c.) put
, v.t. ;
also fig. of inciting persons), [f. prec]
obstacles in way of (progress &c.) b. tip, in, ; bloo'dless, a. Without blood unfeeling ;

confine; (Pari.) announce opposition to (bill; pale without bloodshed, whence bloo'd-
;

see prec.) (Cricket) stop (ball)

;
with bat shape ; lessLY 2 adv. [-less]
(hats) emboss (book cover) b. out, in, sketch
; ; bloo'dy 1 , a. & adv. Of, like, running or
roughly, plan, (work), [f. F bloquer t bloc see smeared with, blood (b. nose, bleeding; b.Jiux,
prec] dysentery) red (b. hand, armorial device of
;

blocka'de l Shutting-up, total or on land

, n. baronet) involving, loving, resulting from,
;

or sea side, of a place by hostile forces in order bloodshed (also b.-minded) sanguinary, cruel
;

to starve it into surrender or prevent egress (in foul language) = damned &c, or as mere
& ingress (paper b., one declared but not intensive (not a b. one); (similarly as adv.)
made effective ; raise b., cease blockading, = confoundedly, very (in pop. plant names) ;

compel blockaders to cease run b., evade ; B. Finger, Foxglove. Hence bloo'diLY 2 adv.
blockading force b.-runner, ship, captain, ; bloo'diNESS n. [OE blodig, com.-Teut. cf. G
&c, doing this); imprisonment by snow &c. blutig see blood, -y 2]
;

[f. prec. on anal, of F wds in -ade] bloo'dy 2, v.t. Make b., stain with blood,
blocka'de 2, v.t. Subject to b. (see prec): [f. prec J
obstruct (door, vie w, &c). Hencebloeka'dER 1 bloom , n. Flower, esn. of plants grown or
1

n. [f. prec] admired chiefly for the flower, florescence (in

bloke, n. (colloq.). Man, fellow, chap; dull b.)\ prime, perfection; flush, glow; powdery
or rustic person. [?] deposit on grapes, plums, &c, freshness, (take
blond, blonde (see etym.), a. & n. (Of hair) the b. off, stale) kind of raisin. [ME blom f. ;

light-auburn-coloured (of complexion) fair (n., ;

ON blom cf. G blunie f. OTeut. blomon- f. vb st.
person with such hair & skin) (also b. lace) ; bio- blow 3 + suf. -mon-\
silk lace of two threads in hexagonal meshes bloom 2, v.i. Bear flowers, be in flower;
(orig. of raw-silk colour, now white or black), come into, be in, full beauty; culminate,
[f. F blond fern, blonde cf. It. biondo OK ; flourish, [f. prec]
blanden-feax grizzled (blandan blend), and the bloom 3, n. Mass of puddled iron hammered
ancient-German custom of dyeing hair yellow, or squeezed into thick bar. [OE bloma in same
suggest a deriv. blonde is used of the lace, ; sense]
& of the adj. & n. as applied to a woman, blond bloom 4, v.t. Make (puddled iron) into a
elsewhere] bloom 3 . Hence bloo'mERV (3) (also -ary) n.
blood 1 (-ud), n. Red liquid circulating in [f. prec]
veins of higher animals, corresponding liquid bloo'mep, n. & a. (Female costume) of short
in lower animals, (flesh b., the animal & skirt &
trousers (as n., usu. pi.). [Mrs B.
nature; letb., surgically); (fig.) sap, grape-juice, American inventor]
&c. taking of life, murder, sacrifice, guilt of
; bloo'ming", a. In vbl senses (bloom 2 );
bloodshed passion, temperament, mettle, (bad
; also slang, euphemistic substitute for vulgar
b., ill feeling in cold b., deliberately)
; race ; BLOOD V. [-ING 2 ]
(blue ft., high birth fresh &., new members ; blo'ssom 1
, n. Flower, esp. as promising
admitted to family, society, &c. b. royal, royal ; fruit ; mass
of flowers on fruit tree (in b.) &c ;

family runs in the b., is a family trait)

; early stage of growth, promise b. -faced, -nosed, ;

relationship, relations, (own flesh b.\ b. Is & bloated. Hence blo'ssom v blo'ssomLESS,
2 ,

thicker than water, the tie of kindred is real) aa. [OE blostm prob. f. same root as bloom »
descent, good parentage, (of men, horses, &c. (bio- extended to st. bios-, cf. L flos, or with
bit of b., b.-horse, thorough-bred) ; dandy, man double suf. -st + -m)]
of fashion, (young b., either in this sense, or as blo'ssom 2, v.i. Open into flower (lit. fig.). &
personal form of fresh b. above, = younger [OE blostmian cf. prec]
member of party) ; b. feud, between families of blot n. Spot of ink &c, dark patch;
1
, dis-
which one has spilt the other's b. ; b.-guilty, re- figurement, blemish, defect disgraceful act ;

sponsible for murder or death, whence bloo'd- or quality in good character, [f. 14th c, etym.
guiltixNESS n. ; b.-heat, ordinary heat of b. in dub. cf. ON blettr, Da. plet there was 16th-c
; ;

health, 98*4° F. bloodhound, large keen-scented

; F blotte clod, blotter to stain]
dog with which cattle, slaves, &c, used to be blot 2, v.t. &
Spot with ink smudge (of i. ; ;
tracked, detective, spy ; b.-letting, surgical pen, ink) make bb. cover with worthless ;

removal of some of patient's b., (facet.) blood- writing sully, detract from, (fair fame) b. out,
; ;

shed b.-money, reward to witness for securing

; obliterate (writing), exterminate, destroy dry ;

capital sentence, fine paid to next of kin for with blotting-paper, absorbent paper for drying
slaughter of relative b. orange, with red juice ; wet ink-marks (blotting-book, -case, -pad, ar-
b.-poisoning, state resulting from introduction rangements of this), whence blo'ttERM2) n.
of septic matter into b. esp. through wound [f. prec]
b.-red, red as b. b.-relaiion, one related by b., ; blot 3 , n. Exposed piece in backgammon;
not marriage ; bloodshed, spilling of b., slaugh- weak point in strategy &c [etym. dub. ; cf.
ter [f. phr. to shed &.]; bloo'dshot, (of eye) suf- Da. blot naked, G bloss]
fused, tinged, with b. (see things bloodshot, blotch, n. Inflamed patch, boil, &c, on
 J ;:
;

BLOTTESQUE 89 BLUNDER
skin ; dab of ink or colour (school slang) blue \ a. Coloured like the sky or deep sea;

blotting-paper. Hence blotch kd 2 blo'tch y 2 (also of things much paler, darker, &c, as , .

aa. [f. 1600 excl. E, perh. compounded f. blot smoke, distant hills, moonlight, bruise;
; &
& botch or patch] qualified by or qualifying other colours &c,
blottesque, a. & n. (Piece of painting or as b.-black, deep b., navy &., Prussian b.);
description) done with heavy blotted touches. look b., nervous, depressed; b. funk, uncon-
[-ESQUE] trollable true b., faithful dressed in b. (Foot- ; ;

blou'se (-owz), n. Workman's loose linen Guards B.); the B. (squadron), one of three
or cotton upper garment usu. belted at waist divisions (Red, White, B.) of Navy belonging ;

(chiefly French) woman's loose light bodice to a particular political party, usu. Tory (of
;
;

visible only to waist, and there belted. [F, women) learned (see bluestocking) drink ;

etym. dub. till all's &., to drunkenness. Bluebell, (Scotland

blow (-6), v.i. & t. {blew; blown &, in sense & N. Eng.) light -blue -flowered Campanula
1

'cursed', blowed). (Of wind, air, 'it') move growing in dry places & flowering in summer
along, act as air-current, (b. great guns, violent & autumn, harebell, (S. Eng.) wild hyacinth
gale) send strong air-current from mouth (b. with blue or white flower growing in moist
;

hot & cold, vacillate), puff, pant (of whales) places & flowering in spring; 6. blood, high
;

eject air &

water; cause air-current by birth b.-book, Parliamentary or Privy-Council ;

means of (b. bellows) exhaust of breath (esp. report bluebottle, B. Cornflower, Meat fly or
; ;

in pass.); send out by breathing (b. air into Blowfly b.-coat boy, scholar in charity school, ; ;

6. off steam, get rid of superfluous energy) esp. Christ's Hospital b. devils, depression ;
;

(with advv. & prepp.) drive, be driven, by b. gum, kind of eucalyptus tree bluejacket, ;

blowing (b. over, pass ofl) sound (wind-instru- seaman in Navy; b. light, firework used for
;

ment, note or signal on or with it, or with it as signals B. Mantle, one of four pursuivants ;

subject to blow t. or i. b. one's own trumpet, of College of Arms

; once in a b. moon, very ;

praise oneself) direct air-current at (b. fingers, rarely; b. mould, in certain cheeses when
;

fire ; b. oat, extinguish) clear by air-current mature B. Peter, b. flag with white square,
; ;

(nose, egg) b. up, inflate, shatter or be shat- hoisted before sailing; b. pill, mercurial &
;

tered by explosion, reprove (slang) betray antibilious b. ribbon, ribbon of the Garter,
; ;

(of flies) deposit eggs in (slang) curse, con- greatest honour in any sphere, sign of teeto-
;

found, (ril be blowed if &c); b. upon, stale, talism b.-rock, kind of pigeon 6. ruin, bad ; ;

discredit, tell tales of 'blowball, seed-head of gin ; bluestocking, woman having or affect- ;

dandelion &c. blowfly, the Meatfly blowhole, ing literary tastes

; learning [Blue Stocking
; &
nostril of whale &c, vent for air, smoke, &c, Society (in sense 'not in full evening dress')
in tunnel &c. blowpipe, tube for heating flame name given to meetings about 1750 at houses
;

by blowing air or other gas into it, tube used of Mrs. Montague &c. to talk on literature &c.
in glass-blowing, Amer.-Ind. dart tube. [OE instead of playing cards; blue-worsted, i.e.
bldwan cf. OHG bldhan f. OTeut. blsejan cf. L ordinary, stockings were worn by some of the
flare] men attending instead of black silk] b. water, ;

blow 2, n. Blowing, taste of fresh air blow- open sea b. -water school, strategists regarding ; ;

ing or" flute, one's nose, &c. = fly -blow &.- the fleet as sufficient defence for Gt Britain.
]
; ;

out slang, abundant meal or feed. [f. prec] Hence blu'iSH ] (2) a., blue'NESS n. [ME blew
blow 3 (-6), v.i. (blew, blown). Burst into, be f. OF bleu f. bldw- f. OTeut. blxiuoz, cf. L OHG
in, flower. [OE bldwan cf. bluojan, G flavus] OHG
bliihen, f. OTeut. blqjan cf. hflos] blue 2, n. B. colour b. pigment; b. powder ;

blow 4 , n. Blossoming (in full b. &c.) [f. used by laundresses b. cloth &c. the sky ; ;

prec] (bolt 1 from the b.); the sea; (pi.) the Royal
blow 5 (-6), n. Hard stroke with fist, instru- Horseguards colour, member, of a political ;

ment, &c. disaster, shock ; come to, exchange, party (badge given to) one who has repre-
; ;

bb., fight strike a b. for, against, help, oppose

; sented his university in athletics &c. =blue ? ;

at one b., in one operation, [f. loth c, etym. stocking (pi.) the dumps, [f. prec] ;

dub.] blue 3, v.t. Make b. treat with laundress's ;

blower, n. In vbl senses of blow *« 3 also b. [f. blue !] ;

apparatus for increasing a fire's draught, esp. bluff 1 , a. With perpendicular broad front
sheet of iron before grate-front escape of gas, (of ship's bows, cliffs) (of person, manner)
; ;

or fissure allowing it, in coal mine, [blow 1 abrupt, blunt, frank, hearty. Hence blu'ffLY 2 ,

-er 1 ] adv., blu'ffNESS n. [naut. wd, etym. dub., but

blowy* a. Windy, wind-swept, [blow *, -y 2] cf. MDu. blaf, flat, broad]
blowzed, blowzy, (-ow-), aa. Red-faced, bluff 2, n. Headland with perpendicular
coarse-looking, dishevelled, [f. obs. n. blowze broad face. [f. prec]
beggar's wench, etym. dub., but suggesting bluff 3 , v.t. & i. (Game of poker) impose
blush & blow] upon (opponent) as to value of one's hand &
blub, v.i. (schoolboy slang). Shed tears, induce him to throw up his cards ; treat
[short for blubber 3 ] (political opponents or rival States) so prac- ;

blu'bber 1
, n. Whale fat; jelly-fish (sailor's tise this policy, [earlier meaning, hoodwink
name) weeping. [ME blober prob. imit. (obs.
; ; (lit.);the prec. n. also meant earlier horse's
meanings foaming, bubble), cf. bleb, bubble] blinker; etym. dub.]
blu'bber 2 , a. Swollen, protruding, (of lips). bluff 4, n. Overbearing demeanour, threats
[as prec] designed to operate without action, [f. prec]
blu'bber 3
, v.t. & i. Utter with sobs, weep blu'nder \ v. i. & t. Move blindly, stumble,
noisily ; wet, disfigure, swell, (face) with weep- (often on, along) b. upon, find by fluke make-; ;

ing, fas prec] gross mistake; mismanage (a business &c);

blu'ehers Old-fashioned low
(-k-), n. pi. b. out, utter thoughtlessly ; b. away, waste by
boots or high shoes, [named after the Prussian mismanagement. Hence blu'nderER n., 1

Field Marshal Blucher] blu'nderingTY 2 adv. [ME blondren, perh. f.

blu'dgreon (-ujn), n., & v.t. (Strike re- obs. blond, bland, mix, cf. blend, + -er 5 ]
peatedly with) heavy-headed stick, [etym. blu'nder 2 n. Stupid or careless mistake,
,
dub. from 18th c. only]
; [prob. f. prec, but found earlier]
 ; ;; :
; ;;

BLUNDERBUSS 90 BOB
blu'nderbuss, n. Ancient short gun with usu. now on or into ship (orig. meaning within
many balls, [perverted f. Du.
large core firing the sides, not on the deck), train, coach, &c
donderbus thunder gun (orig. box cf. G. biichse)] [OE bord mixture of two com.-Teut. words
blu'ndephead, n. =DUNDERHEAD(cf.prec). meaning (1) board (2) border, respectively f.
blung-e (-j), v.t. (Pottery) mix (clay, flint- OTeut. bordom & bordoz the second was ;

powder, &c.) up with water by revolving further adopted in F & returned with spec
machinery, [after plunge, blend] developments]
blunt *, a. & n. Dull, not sensitive ; without boapd 2 & i. 1. (f. prec. = wood) cover
, v.t.
edge or point; plain-spoken; hence blu'nt- with boards up, close with bb.). 2. (f. prec
(b.
ish (2) a.
1 (N.) short thick needle; (slang) = table) provide (lodger or daily guest) with,
ready money. [?] receive, stated meals at fixed rate b. with, be ;

blunt , v.t. Make less sharp or sensitive.

2 entertained for pay in the house of. 3. (f. prec.
[f. prec] = ship's side) come alongside (usu. to attack)
blu'ntly, adv. Obtusely (shaped &c.) force one's way on b. (ship or abs.) embark on. ;

rudely, curtly, [-lv 2] [f. prec, with influence of F aborder]

blu'ntness, Dullness of point or edge n. boar'der, n. One who boards with someone
outspokenness, [-ness] (prec. 2), esp. schoolboy at boarding-school,
blur , n. Smear of ink &c. ; dimness, con-
1 [prec -f -er !]
fused effect, [etym. dub., perh. formed on boar'ding", n. In vbl senses also or esp. ;

blear & blot] erection of boards b.-house, -school, in which ;

blup 2 , v.t. & i. Smear (clear writing &c.) persons, boys, board (board 2 2) b.out, (intr.) , ;

with ink &c. ; sully, disfigure ; make indistinct feeding elsewhere than at home, (trans.) placing
efface ; dim
(perception &c.) [as prec] (destitute children) in families, [board 1 > 2 +
blurt, Burst out with, utter abruptly,
v.t. -ING 1
]
[imit. after blow, spurt, &c] boast , n. "Vain-glorious statement; self-
1

blush I v.i. Become red (in the face also

1
; exaltation in words; fact one is proud of;
with face &c. as subj.) with shame or other make b. of, announce proudly. Hence boast-
emotion be ashamed (b. to own &c.) be red,
; ; ful a., boa'stfulLv 2 adv., boa'stfulNESS
pink. Hence blu'shingLV 2 adv. [MEblusehe, n. [ME bost etym. dub.]
blosche, blysche, OE ablisian cf. wds in ON & ; boast 2 v.i. & t. Extol oneself (also refl.),
,

LG pointing to a st. blusi- f. vb root blus- glow brag of or about vaunt, brag of, brag that ; ;

(Du. blozen blush)] Eossess as thing to be proud of. Hence

blush 2, n. Glance, glimpse, (at the first 6., loa'stER 1 n. [ME bosten as prec]
prima facie) reddening of face in shame &c.
; boat , n. Small open oared or sailing vessel,
1

(put to the b.) rosy glow, flush of light blush-,

; ; fishing-vessel, mail packet, or small steamer
pink, rosy, (b.-rose, b.-tint, &c). [f. prec] (take b., embark; have oar in everyone's b., of
blu'ster 1 , v.i. & t. Storm boisterously (of busybodies; in the same b., w ith like risks r

wind, waves, persons) (trans, with out, forth) ; &c) b. -shaped utensil for sauce &c
; boat- ;

utter overbearingly (refl.) storm (oneself) into ; hook, long pole with hook & spike b.-house, ;

(anger &c). Hence blu'stePER 1 n., blu*s- shed at water's edge for keeping b. ship's b., ;

tering-LY 2 adv. [perh. imit. on blow, blast, carried on board ship 6. train, timed to catch ;

&c. ; ME
blostre stray is prob. separate] or meet steam packet b.-fly, w ater-bug swim- ;
r

blu'ster 2, n. Boisterous blowing, noisy ming on w ater on its back boatman, hirer-
r
;

self-asserting talk, threats. Hence blu*s- out or rower or sailer of b. for hire b.-bill, S.- ;

terous, blu'stePY 2, aa. [f. prec] '

Amer. heron boatrace, between rowing boats ;

bo, boh, int. used to startle (can't say bo to boatsivain (bo'sn), ship's officer in charge of
a goose, of shy or timid person). sails, rigging, &c, & summoning men to
bo*a, n. S.-Amer. genus of large non- duty with whistle bdtswegen, cf. Icel. [late OE
poisonous snakes killing by compression (pop. sveinn & see swain]. Hence boa*tAGE(4),
extended to Old- World, pythons; so also 6. boa*tFUL(2), nn. [OE bat cf. ON beit and (f.
constrictor, prop, a Brazilian species of b.) the OE) bdtr borrowed in other Teut. langg. ;

lady's long fur throat-wrap. [?] f. & possibly in Rom. also (F bateau &c
these, )]
Bo'aner'gpes, n. Loud-voiced preacher or boat & Go in a b., amuse oneself so
2 , v.i. t.
orator. [Gk, f. Heb. b'ney regesh sons of (boating man) place, carry, in a b. [f. prec]
;

thunder (Mark iii. 17)] bob x

, n. Weight on pendulum, plumb-line,
boap, Male uncastrated pig its flesh. or kite-tail knot of hair, tassel-shaped curl (6.-
n. ; ;

[OE bar cf. G bar etym dub.] ivig, also &., with short curls, opp. to full-
board n. 1. Long thin usu. narrow piece bottomed cf. cherrv-6o6) horse's docked
1
, ; ;

of sawn timber (strictly, over 4in. broad, under tail (Metre) short line at end of stanza, [etym. ;

2| thick); w^ooden slab (of one or more breadths dub. f. 14th c] ;

of b. bare or covered with leather &c) used bob 2 v.i. Fish (for eels) with bunch (cf. ,

for various purposes, as in games, for posting prec.) of lobworms.

notices, &c
(pi.) the stage (on the bb., employed
; bob 3 v.i. Move up & down, dance, re-
,

as actor) thick stiff paper used in bookbinding

; bound catch with the mouth (for cherries
;

(covered with paper, 'in bb.', or cloth, 'cloth &c floating or hanging) curtsy, [etym. dub. ;

bb.'), &
for other purposes. 2. Table (only in Cf. BOB 7 1'
]
spec, senses or contexts); above b., open(ly) bob 4 n. Jerk, bounding movement curtsy
, ;

sweep the b., take all the cards or stakes table ; (Bellringing) kinds of change in long peals
spread for meals (bed b., conjugal relations & ; (treble b. in which treble bell has a dodging
groaning b., plentiful meal) food served, daily ; course, b. minor on 6 bells, triple on 7, major
meals provided at contract price or in return on royal on 10, maximus on 12). [f. prec]
8,
for services (b.-money, -wages, servant's pay in bob 5 , n. Dry, wet, -b., cricketing, boating,
lieu of food esp. b. lodging) ; council-table,
; & Etonian light.-b., soldier of light infantry,
;

councillors, committee ; b.-school, managed by [prob. = Robert]

b. according to Elementary Education Act of bob 6 , n. (slang). Shilling, [etym. dub.
1870. 3. Ship's side (only in spec phrases, quoted f. 1812]
cf. overboard), go by the b., (or masts &c) bob 7 , v.t. Rap, jerk. [ME boben etym,
fall o verb., on b.= aboard (in various senses), dub.]
 ;
; ;

BOBADIL 91 BOISTEROUS
Bo'badil, n. Braggart. [Jonson, Evei-y Man with forth) give mental shape to ; exhibit in
in hisHumour] outward shape typify, [f. prec] ;

bo'bbery, n. Disturbance, row, fuss. [Hind. Boeotian (beo'shn), a. n. Crass, dull, &
bap re O father int. of dismay] ! (person), [of Gk
nation derided by Athenians]
bo'bbin, n. Cylinder for holding thread, B6*er, n. & a. (Of) Dutch or Dutch-descended
yarn, wire, &c, & giving it off as wanted, S.-African(s). [Du., = peasant, farmer, cf. G
reel, spool small bar & string for raising door-
; bauer & see boor]
latch, [f. F bobine] bog (Piece of) wet spongy ground, morass
J
, n.
bo'bbinet, n. Machine-made cotton net (in many plant names as b. violet, BUTTERwort,
imitating lace made with bobbins on pillow, b.-ben-y, cranberry) ; 6. butter, fatty hydrocar-
[prec, net] bon found in Irish peat-b. ; b. oak, ancient
bo'bbish, a. (slang). Brisk, well, (esp. preserved in black state in peat ; b.-tr otter,
pretty b.). [bob 3 + -ish 1 (2) irregularly append- Irishman. Hence bo'ggY 2 a., bo'ggiNESS
ed to vb] n. [f. Ir. or Gael, bogach (bog soft)]
bo'bby, n. (slang). Policeman, [as bob 5 + bog 2 v.t.
, Submerge in b. (usu. in pass.).
-Y s (Sir Robert Peel, Home Sec. 1828)] bog 3 , n. A privy (vulgar).
bd'bolink, n. N.-Amer. songbird, [imit., bo-gey, Colonel Bogey, (gj, n. Score
cf. cuckoo] that good golf player should do hole or course
bo'b-sled, -sleigh, n. Two short sleighs in. [f. bogy as imaginary person ?]

coupled, used for drawing logs, & in tobog- bo'ggle, v.i. Start with fright, shy hesi- ;

ganing. [U.S. & Canadian wd, now also tate, demur, at or about equivocate; fumble, ;

Anglo-Swiss] [var. of bogle used as vb]

bo*bstay,n. Ropeholdingbowspritdown. [?] bo'gie (-gi), n. Under-carriage with two or
bo'btail, n. & a. Docked tail with this ; more wheel-pairs, pivoted below end of loco-
horse or dog with this tag-rag b., the ; & motive or railway-car b.-car, &c. fitted on ;

rabble, [bob l ] these, [northern dial, wd, etym. dub.]

boeap'do, n. Logical formula, see Barbara. bo'gie, n. Phantom, goblin; bugbear;
bode, v.t. i. &
Foresee, foretell, (evil) ; por- scarecrow, [introduced f. Scotch writers;
tend, foreshow promise well or ill. Hence etym. dub. earlier bog in same sense, & bug

f. bod a messenger, cf. botha]

;

bo'dingLY adv., bo'deMEXT n. [OE bodian

2
ON bo'gus,
;

(now only in bugbear), may be f.

a.
bivg ghost]
Sham, fictitious.
W [U.S. wd,
bo'deful, Ominous, [mod. formation f.
a. etym. dub.]
prec. or obs. n. bode omen-f- -ful(1)] bo'gy, -gey, (-g-), n. (pi. -ies, -eys). The
bode'ga, n. Cellar or shop selling wine devil goblin bugbear, [quoted f. 1840 only
; ;

only. [Sp., f. L f. Gk apotheke see apothe- etym. dub., see bogle]

carv] bohea* (-he), n. Black tea of lowest quality
bo'dice, n. Close-fitting upper part of (last crop of season), [f. Chin. Wu-i name of
woman's dress, down to waist also, inner vest ; district]
over stays, [orig. pair of bodies (cf. pair of Boh e'mian, a. & n. Socially unconventional
stays), being a whalebone corset; now spelt (person) ; of free-&-easy habits, manners, &
& understood as sing. cf. baize & (perh.) ; sometimes morals (esp. of artists &c). Hence
accidence] bohe*mianiSM(2) n., bohe*mianiZE(4) v.i.
bo'died, a. Possessed of body or a body, [f.F bohimien gipsy]
embodied esp. in comb., as full-b., able-b.
; boil l. n. Hard inflamed suppurating tumour.
[bodv 1 + -ed 2] [OE byl, ME bile; com.-Teut., cf. G bexde f.
bo'diless, a. Incorporeal; separated from root bid- blow]
the body, [-less] boil , v.t. 2 i. &
Bubble up, undulate, (of
bo'dily^a. Of, affecting, the human body liquid at the heat that converts it to gas ; also
or physical nature ; b. fear, of physical harm. of containing vessel) ; b. over (of liquid or ves-
[BODY i+'LY 1 ] sel), overflow or be overflowed thus; seethe,
bo'dily 2, adv. In the body, in person with ; be agitated, like boiling water or its vessel (of
the whole bulk, as a whole, [body \ -ly 2] sea &c, feelings, feeling person) ; bring (liquid,
bo'dkin, n. Pointless thick needle with vessel) to heat at which it boils ; subject to
large eye for drawing tape &c. through hem heat of boiling water, cook thus undergo ;

long pin for fastening hair; person squeezed cookery by boiling; b. down, away, reduce,
between two others (ride, sit, &.). [?] convert to vapour, by boiling; keep the pot
bd'dy 1 , n. Man or animal as material boiling, get a living blood boils, with indigna-
;

organism (keep b. &

soxd together, remain tion, [f. OF boillir (now bouillir) f. L bullire
alive) ; corpse (b.-snatcher, exhumer of corpses (bulla bubble)]
for dissection) ; b. of Christ, sacramental boil 3 , n. = boiling, boiling-point, (esp. on,
bread; b.-servant, valet; b.-guard, (rarely, at, to, the b.).
member of) dignitary's retinue, escort, personal boi'lep, n. One who boils ; vessel for boiling,
guard. Trunk, main portion (stem, hull, nave, esp. large vessel of riveted wrought-iron plates
&c, ace. to context) ; upper garment (minus for making steam in engine tank attached to ;

sleeves &
collar, or=bodice) document minus
preamble &c. ; majority. Human being, per-
son, (heir of one's 6., good sort of b., anyb., &c).
; kitchen range; laundry vessel ; vegetable &c.
suited to boiling ; b.-iron, -plate, rolled iron k
to h in. thick b.-tube, interpal air-pipe carry-
;

Aggregate of persons or things {in a b., all ing heat through b. [-er l ]
together ; b. politic, State) ; society, league, boi'ling, n. In vbl senses ; esp.: the whole b.
military force ; collection of precepts, informa- (slang), all the lot; b.-point, temperature at
tion, &c. Piece of matter (heavenly b., sun, whichanything boils(water at sea-level, 212°F.,
star, &c), quantity; comparative solidity or 100° C), high excitement, [-ing j
]
substantial character (b.-colour, opaque wine ; boi'stepous, Violent, rough, (wind, sea,
a.
of good b.), thing perceptible to senses. [OE behaviour, speech, persons) noisily cheerful. ;

bodig now excl. E, unless = G bottich cask,

; Hence boi'SterousLY 2 ad v. [earlier boistous
referred to med. L butica f. Gk apotheke see (also -eous, -uotts) etym. dub. AF boistous ;

apothecary] (OF boisteus now boiteux lame) does not suit

bo'dy 2, v.t. Provide with b. (rare). (Usu. sense]
 ; ;

BOLD 92 BONE
bold, a. Courageous, enterprising, confident Hence bomba'stic a., bomba'stiCALLv
make presume, venture forward,
(so) 6. {at.), ; adv. [earlier &
OF bombace (-t phonetic, cf.
immodest vigorous, free, well-marked, clear,
; behest) f. LL bombacem nom. -ax cotton (& so
(imagination, drawing, description, features, padding) corruption of bombyx see prec]
headland, &c). Hence bo'ldLY 2 adv., bo'ld- bon, bonne, (F), a. French for good, com-
ness n. [OE bald com.-Teut. cf. G bald quickly]
;
mon in some senses phrases, [f. L bonus) &
bole, n. Stem, trunk, [f. ON boh- cf. G bo'na f#*efe, a. &adv. GenuineUy).sincere(ly).
bohle plank] [L abl. s. of foil. ; as adj. it may be hyphened,
bole'etion, a. & n. (Moulding) raised above not^as adv.]
panel &c. [j]
bo'na fi'des,Honest intention, n. (legal).
Ao/er'o (-aro), n. Spanish dance. [Sp.] sincerity. [L, - good
faith not hyphened] ;

bo'lide, n. Large meteor, fire-ball. [F, f. L bona'nza, n. a. &

(Prop.) prosperity, good
f. Gk bolis -idos (ballo throw)] luck ; (pop.) greatly prospering, a large output,
boll, Rounded seedvessel, as in flax or
n. (esp. of mines), worked with all best appliances
cotton. Hence bollED 2 a. Obowl 1 ] (a 0. farm), a run of luck (in 6.). [U.S. f. Sp.,=
bd'llapd, n. Post on ship or quay for secur- fair weather f. L bonus good]
ing ropes to. [perh..f. bole+-ard] bon-bon Sweetmeat, [bon]
(F), n.
bold'meteP, n. Radiation-measurer. [Gk bonce, Large playing-marble. [?]
n.
bole ray-f -o- + -meter] bond l, Thing restraining bodily freedom,
n.
bo'lstep n. Long stuffed (esp. under-)
1
, imprisonment, (rare, only in pi., esp. in 66.);
pillow of bed or couch ; pad or support in fagot- withe restraining or uniting force bind-
; ;

many machines and instruments. [OE com.- ; ing engagement, agreement deed by which A ;

Teut. cf. G. polster f. root bid- swell] binds himself & his heirs &c to pay a sum to B
bo'lsteP 2, v.t. (Usu. with up) support with & his government's or public company's docu-
;

b., prop, aid and abet, countenance, preserve
from (merited) destruction pad; (with school-
boys) belabour with b., (intr.) have b.-fight.
[f. prec]
bolt 1
, n. Short heavy arrow of crossbow,
mentary promise to pay borrowed money, de-
;
benture, (bondholder, person holding such
document); (Customs, of goods) in 6., stored
under charge of Customs in 'bonded ware-
house till importer pays duty (take oat ofb.)
'
;

quarrel, [fool's b. soon shot, soon speaks and is (Bricklaying) various methods (English 6.,
soon silenced); discharge of lightning (6. from Flemish b., &c.) of holding wall together by
the blue, complete surprise) ; door-fastening of making bricks overlap ; b. -stone, stone or brick
sliding bar &
staple, sliding piece of lock ; running through wall. [ME var. of band 1 ]
headed metal pin for holding things together, bond 2, v.t. Bind together (bricks &c, see
usu. riveted or with nut ; (as measure) roll of prec. put customable goods into b. (see prec
) ; )

canvas &c, bundle of osiers ; b.-rope, round encumber with bonded debt (see bonded), [f.
sail-edge to prevent tearing, [cf. G bolz, Du. prec]
bout ; etym. dub.] bond 3, n. League, confederation, (see Afri-
bolt 2, v.i. t. &
Dart off or away, (horse) cander). [Du., cf. G band f. binden bind]
break from control ; gulp down unchewed bond 4 , a. In slavery, not free, (archaic).
fasten (door &c.) with b., b. in or out, shut in, Hence bo'ndman, bo'ndmaid, bo'nd-
exclude, by bolting door ; fasten together with sepvant, bo'ndsepviee, bo'ndslave, nn.
bolts, [f. prec] [influenced in sense by, but orig. separate f.,
bolt 3 , n. Sudden start; running away, bond 1
; f. OE n.
bonda, banda, husbandman f.
[f. prec] ON bonde = boande part. n. f. bua, boa, dwell;
bolt 4 adv. (With upright) = as a bolt, quite.
, after the conquest, the bonde sank into a serf,
bolt 5 boult (bolt), v.t. Sift; investigate.
, & the wd changed in sense]
[f. OF bidte?=lt. burottare (buratto sieve perh. bo'ndage (-ij), n. Serfdom, slavery: con-
f. bura kind of cloth see bureau)] finement, subjection to constraint, influence,
bd'lter, n. 5 In vbl senses of bolt 2
esp.: -
; obligation, &c [ME f. AF see prec & -age] ;

horse given to bolting ; (also boulter) sieve, bounded, a. (Of goods) placed in bond, (of
sifting machine, [-er ] 1
warehouse) for such goods, (bond 1 (of debt) ) ;

bo'lus, n. Large jrill. [mod. L,fGk66Zos clod] secured by bonds (bond l ). [bond l -ed 2 ] ,

bomb (om or -um, the latter in army), n. bo'ndsman, n. Villein, serf ; slave (lit. &
Hollow iron sphere filled with explosive fired fig.) [var. of bondman (bond 4 ) as though f.
from gun or (now usu.) thrown by hand & bond's genit. ] of bond 1

exploded by fuse or by striking an object, bone *, n. One of the parts making up verte-
shell; b.-proof, (shelter) strong enough to resist brate animal's skeleton (pi.) the body (my old ;

shells b.-shell, artillery b. (now usu. shell

; 66. &c), its remains (his 66. were laid), its
except in similes, fell like a b.-s. &c). [f. F hard solid, or essential part (flesh <ۥ 6. skin ;

bombe f. Sp. bomba f. L f. Gk bombos hum] & 6., thin person bred in the 0., ineradicable; ;

bdmbap'd, v.t. Batter with shot & shell to the b., penetrating, of cold, wound, &c);
(esp. of warships attacking town) (fig.) assail material of which bb. consist; similar sub-
;

persistently with abuse, argument, &c Hence stance, as ivory, dentine, whalebone thing ;

bombap'd.MENTn. [f. Fbombarder discharge made of bone, as (pi.) dice, castanets, stay-ribs ;

bombarde f. med. L bombarda stone-throwing a small or nearly finished joint of meat

engine prob. f. L boinbus hum] (knuckle-b., broiled bb.) subject of dispute (6. ;

bombardier (bumbardeT n. Artillery of contention, 6. to pick with someone); make

-
),'

non-commissioned officer. [F, see prec. & -ier]

no bb. of, aboat, or to, not hesitate b.-setter, ;

bo'mbapdon, -6*ne, n. Low-toned brass one who sets broken or dislocated bones, esp.
instrument bass reed-stop on organ.
; without being qualified surgeon b.-shaker,
[It. :

(one), f. bombardo + -one, see bombard, -oon] bicycle without rubber tires b.-spavin, callous ;

bo'mbasine (-6m- or -um-, -zen), n. Twilled growth in horse's leg becoming as hard as b.
dress-material of worsted with silk, with [OE ban com.-Teut., cf. G bein in most langg. ; ;

cotton, or alone, much used for mourning, [f. the meaning is leg as well as bone]
F bombasin f. L bombycinus silken (bombyx bone 2 v.t. 1. Take out the bones from ,

-ycis silk or silk- worm f. Gk bombux)] (meat, fish). 2. (slang) steal. [1 f. prec, & perh.
bd'tnbast, n. Turgid language, tall talk. 2 (as dog makes off with b.)]
 ; ;

BONFIRE 93 BOOT
bo'nfire, Large open-air fire in celebra- but used intermittently for information speak
n. ;

tion of some event fire for consuming rubbish by the, like a, b., in formal phrases, or with
;

(make a b. of, destroy), [earlier bonefire f. correct information take a leaf out of 6., ; \s-

bone n., bones being the chief material for- imitate him; without b., without authority,
merly used] from memory on the bb., entered in list of ;

bonhomie (bo'nome ), n. Geniality. [F members &c. (so take one's name off the bb.)
-

(bon, homme f. L homo man, -Y l )] in 's bad or black, good, bb,, in disfavour or
Bd'niface, n. Innkeeper. [Farquhar, Beaux' favour with him bring to b., call to account. ;

Stratagem] Bookbinder, -ding, binder, binding, of bb.

bon mot (F), n. (pi. bonsmots). Witty saying. bookcase case containing bookshelves
(-k-k-),
;

[F (bon -f mot saying L muttum a

grunt)]
f. b.-keeper, -ping, one who keeps, art of keeping,
bonne, n. (French^nursemaid, maid, [bon] the accounts of a merchant, public office, &c. ;
bonne bouche (-oosh), n. Tit-bit, esp. to b.-learning or -lore, -learned, mere theory,
end up with. [F (bon, bouche mouth f. L knowing bb. but not life, so boo'kiSH 1 a.,
bucca cheek perh. =pouch) phr. not used in boo'kishLY 2 adv., boo'kishNESs n.
; 6.- ;

this sense in F] maker, -king, compiler, compiling, of bb. (esp.

bonnes fortunes (F), n. Ladies' favours, for mercenary motives), also professional bet-
as a thing to boast of or pride oneself on. ting man or boo'kie [-ysj n ., his profession ;
bo'nnet *, n. (Man's) Scotch capi woman's bookman, literary man b.-mark(er), thing to ;

out-door head-dress without brim, with strings, keep place in b. b.-muslin, fine kind folded in ;

& covering_no part of forehead b. rouge (F, ; booklike way when sold b.-plate, label with ;

pr. bona roozh), red cap as revolutionary sym- owner's name, crest, &c, for pasting into bb.
bol (Naut.) additional canvas laced to sail-
; b.-rest, adjustable support for b. on table
foot; cowl of chimney &c, protective cap in bookseller b.-slide, expanding stand for a few
;

various machines (Gaming, Auctions, &c.) ac-

; bb. ; b.-icork, study of rules or text-bb. (opp. to
complice, decoy bee Clone's 6., an eccentricity.
; working sums, chemical analysis, &c) book- ;

Hence bo'nnetED 2 a. [ME bonet f. OF bonet worm, maggot eating its way through bb., per-
short for chapel de b. cap of (med. L) bon(n)etus son devoted to reading. Hence boo'kLET n.
an unknown material] [OE 60c com.-Teut. cf. G buch the supposed ; ;

bo'nnet 2, v.t. Put b. on (person); crush connexion with beech (as providing bark or
down hat over the eyes of (person), [f. prec] tablets) is doubtful]
foo'nny, a. (chiefly Sc). Comely, healthy- bdbk 2 v.t.
, Enter in book or list; engage
looking satisfactory. Hence bo'nniLY 2 adv.
; (seat &c.) by previous payment, (guest, sup-
[etym. dub., perh. f. bon] porter, &c.) for some occasion ; enter name of
bon ton (F), n. Good breeding, the fashion- (person engaging seat &c), issue railway ticket
able world, (archaic). to take railway ticket give, take down, ad-
; ;

bo'nus, n. Something to the good, into the dress of (goods to be transmitted) ; booked, Tm
bargain; esp., extra dividend to shareholders caught, cannot escape booking-clerk, -office, ;

of company, distribution of profits to insurance- person, place, for buying tickets from. [OE
policy-holders, gratuity to workmen beyond bocian f. prec]
their wages. [Jocular or ignorant use of L boom n. Long spar with one end attached
1
,
bonus good (man)] stretching sail-foot floating barrier of timber ;

bon vivant (F), n. Gourmand. across river or harbour mouth. [Du., = beam]
bo'ny, a. Of, like, bone(s) ; big-bonedwith ; boom , v.i., & n. (Make) deep resonant
2
little flesh. [bone 1 + -y*] sound hum, buzz (make) bittern's cry. [imit]
; ;

bonze, n. Japanese or Chinese Buddhist boom 3, v.t. & i., & n. (Show) sudden acti-
priest. [F, f. Port, bonzo perh. f. Jap. bonzo vity, development, (esp. of commercial ven-
f. Chin, fan seng religious person] tures, prices, &c.) (win) sudden popularity for ;

boo, int., n.,

i. & v.t. &
(Make) sound of dis- (an invention, cause, &c.) by advertising &c,
approval or contempt; hoot (speaker, an- launch with Cclat. [U.S. wd perh. f. prec. (cf.
nouncement, &c). [imit. of cow's lowing] make things hum)]
boo'by, n. Silly dull-witted fool, lout 6.- ; boo'mepang", n. Australian curved hard-
trap, things placed on top of door ajar to fall wood missile with convex edge returning to
on first opener
kinds of Gannet. ; Hence its thrower, [native name, perh. modified]
boo'byiSH 1 a. [prob. f. Sp. 6060 (both fool & boon !, n. Request, thing asked for favour, ;

bird) perh. f. L balbus stammering] gift blessing, advantage, [f. ON bon = OE bin
;

boo'dle, n. Crowd, pack, lot, (the whole b. prayer; the change f. prayer to gift prob.
or caboodle) money for political bribery &c.
; helped by confusion with foil.]
a card -game, [now U.S., cf. obs. buddle] boon 2, a. Bounteous, benign, (poet.; of
boohoo*, n., & v.i. (Make) sound of noisy nature, air, life, &c.) congenial, jolly, (b. com- ;

weeping, [imit.] panion), [f. bon from 14th c] ;

book 1, n. Portable written or printed boop, n. Peasant clumsy or ill-bred fellow. ;

treatise filling a number of sheets fastened Hence boop'iSH 1 a., boop'ishLY 2 adv.,
together (forming roll, or usu. with sheets boop'ishNESS n. [either f. OE gebur dweller
sewn or pasted hingewise & enclosed in cover) f. bur bower 1 & cf. neighbour, or f. the
literary composition that would fill such a set cognate LG Mir, Du. boer]
of sheets (or several) if printed (fig.) anything ; boost, v.t. (slang). Shove, hoist. [U.S.]
from which one may learn, also imaginary re- boot 1
, n. Outer foot-covering, usu. all or
cord, &c, (b. of fate b. of life, list of
list, ; partly of leather, coming above ankle (Hist.) ;
those who
shall be saved); the Bible (esp. instrument of torture, luggage-receptacle in
swear on the b.) ; main division of treatise or coach under guard's & coachman's seat b. is ;

poem (Bk I &c), or of Bible (B. of Genesis) ; on the other leg, truth or responsibility just
= libretto ; back-hinged set of blank sheets the other way round; over shoes over bb., as
for writing accounts, notes, exercises, &c, in well risk much as little heart in one's 66., in ;

(pi., merchant's accounts) (Turf) one's bets on

a race or at a meeting ; set of tickets, stamps,
; terror 6. ; &
saddle [perversion of F boute-
selle, place saddle], cavalry signal to mount;
cheques, tricks at whist, &c, bound up or col- bootjack, for pulling bb. off; bootlace, string or
lected. B. of reference, not read continuously leather strip for lacing bb. bootmaker; 6.- ;
 ;

BOOT 9* BOSK
trees, moulds for keeping bb. in shape (slang) ;
quotations imply F deriv. ; boiirrer stuff,
get, give, the b., be dismissed, dismiss, from satiate ?]
employment. Hence boo'tED 2 a. [ME bote bore 4 v.t. Weary by tedious talk or dull- ,

f. OF bote (now botte), etym. dub.] ness, [etym., & relation to prec. & to bore 1
,

boot 2 n. Good, advantage, (now only in to doubtful of same date as bore 3 bore (bore l
,
; ; )

boot, as well, to the good, additionally). [OE one's ears = gain a hearing by emphasis or re-
bot com.-Teut. cf. G biisse making good, ex- petition occurs over a hundred years earlier]
;

piation prob. f. root bat-, Aryan bhad-, whence bore 5 n. Great tide- wave with precipitous ,

front moving up some estuaries, [perh. f. ON

;

better]
boot 3 v.t. (archaic usu. impers. &abs.). Do bar a wave]
, ;

good (to), avail, as, ichat boots (it) to, (it) little bore 6 . See bear 3 .

boots, (it) boots (me) not. |ME boten f. bot DOP'eal, a. Of the North or north wind. [f.

boot 2 ] L borealis (foil., -al)]

bootee*, n. Kind of lady's boot; infants Bop'eas, n. (God of) the north wind. [L f.

wool boot. [cf. coatee, see -ee] Gk]

booth (-dh), n. Temporary shelter of can- bope'eole, n. = kail. [f. Du. boerenkool
vas &c. ; market, tent at fair,
covered stall in peasant's cabbage]
&c polling-b., for voting at elections. [ME
;
bore'dom, n. Being bored, ennui, [bore 4
bothe cf. Da., Sw., bod, f. East Norse boa + -dom]
dwell] bop'ep, Person, tool, or machine, that
n.
boo'tless, a. Unavailing. [OE botleas, see bores holes horse that bores kinds of boring
; ;

boot 2 -less] ,
insect, [bore + -er x ]
1

boots, n. Hotel-servant who cleans boots, bop'ic, a. Of boron, [-ic]

conveys luggage, &c. bopn, p.p. & a. Be b., come into the world
boo'ty, n. Plunder or profit acquired in by birth b. of, owing origin to b. again,
; ;

common & to be divided gain, a prize play b., ; ;

regenerate; (with compl.) destined to be (b.
act as decoy for confederates, practise collusion, rich, tired, to be hanged, a poet cf. also b. ;

[perh. f. F butin f. OX byti barter, influenced in orator, an orator b., &c.) b. with silver spoon ;

form by &o£boot 2 ] in mouth, under lucky star, destined to wealth,

booze, n. v.i., &
Drink deeply, go on drink- good luck often in comb, with adjj. & advv.,
;

ing drink, a drinking-bout.

(n.) [earlier as base, first, -b. [p.p. of bear 3 ]
;

bouse, bowse, ME
bousen perh. f. MDu. biisen borne. See bear 3 .

(buise drinking-cup)] borne (F), a. Having limitations, of limited

boo'zy, a. Addicted to drink; fuddled, ideas, narrow-minded.
+-Y 2 ]
[prec. bopo-, comb, form of foil.
bo-pee*p, n. Game of hiding &
suddenly bop'on, n. Non-metallic solid element (a
appearing to child; play b., of elusive politi- dark-brown powder), [f. borax with ending
cians, arguers, &c. [bo -f peep v.] of carbon, which it resembles in some respects]
bora/eie, a. Of borax, [-ic] bopough (bu'rit), n. (Munic.) town with
borage (bu'rlj), n. Blue-flowered hairy- corporation & privileges conferred by royal
leaved plant used to flavour claret-cup &c. charter; (Pari.) town sending members to par-
If. med. L borrago or F bourrache cf. perh. ; liament the B., of Southwark ; (Hist.) own,
;

LL_6 urra shaggy garment] buy, b., of controlling election of mem-

power
bop'ax, n. A native salt, in white powder ber, close, pocket, b., so controlled, rotten b., no
or crystal when pure. [ME & OF boras f. longer (before 1832) having real constituency.
med. L borax f. Arab, bauraq prob. f. Pers. [OE burg, btirh; com.-Teut., cf. G burg castle,
burah] prob. f. OTeut. bergan to shelter ; Sc. form,
Bordeaux* (-do), n. Southern French wine, burgh]
claret. borougph-English (burw), n. Tenure in
bop'dep & a.
Side, edge, boundary or
1
, n. some parts of England, by which all lands &
part near it ; frontier of country, (pi. after tenements AF
fall to youngest son. [f. tenure
urithin, out of, &c.) territory ; the B., boundary en Burgh Engleys (i. e. not French, but existing
& adjoining districts between England & in some English boroughs)]
Scotland, (U.S.) frontier of civilization, (also bo'ppow, v.t. Get temporary use of (money
Border adj. in these senses) ; continuous bed &c. to be retxirned) adopt, use without being ;

round garden or part of it, distinct edging for the true or original owner or inventor, derive
strength or ornament or definition round any- from another, import from an alien source
thing. [ME &
OF bordure = LL bordatura f. (Golf) play ball up-hill to roll back. Hence
*boraare Teut. bord board *]
f. bordus f. bo'PPOWER 1
, do'ppowing x (2), nn. [OE bor-
bop'dep Put or be a b. to, whence
2, v.t. & i. gian f. borg, borh, pledge, f. OTeut. bergan
bop'deriNG l (3) n. adjoin (trans., or intr. ; protect, cf. G borgen borrow; orig. meaning,
with on, upon) b. upon, resemble, [f. prec] ; take on pledge]
bop'derep, n. Dweller on or near frontier, bopt, n. Diamond fragments made
in cut-
esp. that of England & Scotland, [border n. ting, [perh. bort bastard] f. OF
+ -ERM4)] bos, n., v.t. & &
L, (slang). (Also b.-shot) bad
bore 1
&
hole in usu. with re-
, v.t. i. Make shot or guess, miss ; bungle, mess ; (vb) miss,
volving tool, hollow out evenly (tube &c), bungle. [?]
whence dop'ing j (2) n. make (a hole, one's bo'scagre, -kage, (-Ij), n. Masses of trees or
;

way) by boring, persistent pushing, or excava- shrubs. [ME boskage f. OF boscage (LL boscum
tion (of horse) thrust the head out (Racing) wood & see -age)]
; ;

push (another) out of the course. [OE borian bosh 1 , n. & int. (slang). Nonsense, foolish ;

com.- Teut. cf. OE & ON bor augur, & L for are talk, folly. [Turk., = empty introduced by ;

bore, Gk pharos plough] Morier's novel Ayesha]

bore 2 , n. Hollow of gun-barrel diameter bosh 2, v.t. (school slang). Make a fool of, ;

of this, calibre small deep hole made in earth tease, [f. prec]
;

to find water &c. [f. prec] bosk, bo'sket, -quet (-k-), nn. Thicket,
bore 3 , n. Nuisance (usu. as pred.) tiresome plantation, [bosk prob. mod. back-formation ;

person, twaddler, [f. 1750, etym. dub. early f. bosky (but cf. ME bosk var. of busk bush 1 ; ; )
 ;;;; ;

BOSKY 95 BOULTER
bosket f. F bosquet f. It. boschetto dim. of bosco holder, pugilist's attendant at prizefight,
wood cf. bouquet]
; second, supporter, understrapper; b.-nose\
bo'sky, a. Wooded, bushy, [f. bosk not swollen nose, B.-nosed whale b.-washer fac- ;

recorded betw. 14th & 19th cc. + -Y 2 ] totum, underling, [f. OF bouteille f. LL buticula
bosom Person's breast enclo-
(bob'zm), n. ; dim. of butis butt *]
sure formed by breast & arms {wife of one's b.) bo'ttle 2, v.t. Store in bb. b. up, conceal, ;

breast of dress, space between dress & breast, restrain for a time, (resentment &c). [f. prec]
old equivalent of pocket (put in one's b.) ; sur- bo'ttle 3 , n. Bundle of hay or straw (lookfo\
face of lake, ground, &c. ; the midst (b. of one's needle in b. of hay, of hopeless search), [f. OF
family, of the ch urch) ; the heart, thoughts, botel dim. of *bot (botte bundle)]
desires, &c. (comes home to one's b., b.-fricnd). bo'ttle 4 , n. Blue, White, Yellow, B.,B. of
[OE bosm cf.. G busen, etym. dub.] all sorts, kinds of plant, [partly corruption
boss i, n. Protuberance ; round metal knob of buddle, bothel, etym. dub., partly from shape
or stud on centre of shield or ornamental of ovary or calyx]
work (Arch.) projection at intersecting-point
; bo'ttom 1 , n. & a. Lowest part, part on
of vault-ribs; (Mech.) enlarged part of shaft. which thing rests (stand on own b., be inde-
Hence dossed 2 bo'ssY 2 aa. [ME , , & OF pendent b. up, upside-down) the posterior
; ;

boce (now bosse) — It. bozza ulcer] seat (of chair) ground under water of lake
;

boss 2 n.
Master, person in authority
, (slang). &c (go, send, to the b., sink; touch b., be at
(U.S.) manager
of political organization per- ;
the lowest point or on firm facts to, from, b. ;

. son or thing that is best at any thing, champion. of heart, genuinely, profoundly) river-basin ;

[U.S. wd f. Du. baas uncle, master, cf. G base &c, low-lying land less honourable end of ;

female cousin] table, class, &c farthest or inmost point (b. of

;

boss 3 v.t. (slang).

, Be master or manager of bay) ;keel, horizontal part near keel, hull,
(b. the shoiv, all make arrangements), [f. prec] ship foundation, basis, origin, (be^at the b. of,
;

Bo'swell (-z-), n. Biographer like James B., cause) essential character, reality, (search to
;

writer of Johnson's life. Hence Boswe'lliAN the b., get to the b. of; at b.) stamina. (Adj.) ;

a., Bo'swellis.M(3) n., Bo'swelliZE(i) v.i. lowest, last (bet your b. dollar, stake all) fun- ;

bot, bott, n. Parasitic worm; the botts, damental hence bo'ttom.MOST a. [OE botm
horse disease caused by it. f. WG ;

*bothm (G boden), cf. Gk puthmen, Skr.

bd'tanist, n. Student of botany, [f. F budhnd, L fundus (for fudnus)]
botaniste, see botany, -ist (3)] bo'ttom 2, v.t. i. &
Put b. to (saucepan,
bo'tanize, v.i. Study plants, esp. by seeking chair); base (argument &c) ujjon; touch b.
them as they grow. [f. Gk botanizo gather of sea &c. ; touch b. of, sound, find the extent
plants, see botany, -ize] or real nature of. [f. prec]
bd'tany, n. Science of plants. Hence bo'ttomless, a. Without bottom (chair
bota'niCAL a. (also bota'nic in names of old &c) ; unfathomable,[-less]
societies), bota'niCALLY adv. [historically bo'ttompy 1 of lending money
, n. System
botanic is the parent word, f. med. L f. Gk to shipowner for purposes of voyage on security
botanikos (botane plant f. bosko feed) ; botany of ship, lender losing the money if ship is lost.
on anal, of astronomy -ic &c. see -Y J ] ; [bottom n. = ship + -ry after Du. bodmerij]
botap'^o, Relish of mullet or tunny roe.
n. bo'ttompy 2 v.t. Pledge (ship see prec).
, ;
[It., f. Arab, butarkhah f. Copt, outarakhon boudoir (boo'dwahr), n. Lady's small pri-
(Copt, ow-indef. art. +Gk tarikhion pickle)] vate room. [F, = sulking-place f. bouder sulk,
botch, n., & v.t. & i. (Make a) clumsy etym. dub. termin. as in parlour (F -oir)]
;

Satch bungle(d) work repair badly. Hence

; ; Bou'gainvillae'a, -vi'lia, Tropi-
(bdb-),'n.
io*tchER 1 n. [etym. dub. cf. patch & G ; cal plant with large bracts. [Bougainville,
batzen] French navigator, c 1750]
both, pron., adv. (Adj.) the two (
a., s)& bough (-ow), n. Tree-branch
(if on tree, one
& not only one, as b. (the) brothers are dead. of the chief branches). bog, boh ; com.- [OE
(Pron.) the two not only one (a) with no & Teut. (in etym., but not in sense) cf. bug, Du. G
n., as 6. are dead ; (b) with of n. or pron., as & boeg, shoulder, bow of ship ; also Skr. bahus,
b. of them (or of the brothers) are dead Gk pdkhus arm; bow b G f ship is same wd
(c) with n. or pron. as subj., o. in the pred. & adopted separately f. Scand. or LG]
in apposition, as they (or the brothers) are b. bought. See buy.
dead, they were gentlemen b. ( Ad v^with._eq ual bougie (boo zhe), n. -
candle ; thin Wax
truth in two cases (a) where o. might struHbe flexible surgical instrument for exploring,
held pronominal, as b. brother sister are & dilating, &c, the passages of the body. [F, f.
dead; (b) clearly adv., as she is b. dead & Arab. Bijiyah Algerian town with wax trade]
buried (c) of more than two nouns &c, as b.
; bouillabaisse (boolyaba's), n. French (esp.
God & man <£• beast, [earlier bo, OE bd ; ME Marseilles) dish, rich fish-stew. [F]
bathe f. OX bdthar cf. G beide bdthar perh. ; Jbou/7//(boolye'), n. Stew ed or boiled meat. [F] r

resulted f. the addition of the def. art. (both bouillon (F), n. Broth, soup ; (Dress) puffed
the)] fold. [F, f. bouillir boil]
bo'thep i (-dh-), v.t. & i. Pester, worry; be bou'ldep (bol-), n. Water-worn rounded
troublesome worry oneself, take trouble (sub-
; ; stone, cobble ; large erratic block of weather-
junct. as mild imprecation) confound, [etym. worn stone (in mining, of detached ore) ; &.-
dub. ; first in Irish writers, Swift, Sterne, &c] clay, -drift, -formation, -period, geol. terms w.
bo'thep 2 n. Worry, , fuss. [f. prec] ref. to the Ice Age. [short for boulderstone,
bothepa'tion, n. & int. = prec. ; (int.) con- ME bulderston, cf. Sw. dial, bullersten large
found it [bother v. + -ation]
! stone in stream (puller noise)]
bo'ttle 1 , n. Narrow-necked vessel, usu. of boulevard (boo'lvahr), n. Broad street with
glass, for storing liquid the amount of liquid ; rows of trees. [F, f. G bolhverk bulwark orig.
in it the b., drinking, over a b., while drinking
; promenade on demolished fortification]
bring up on the b., of child not fed from the bouteversement (F), n. Turning upside-
breast b.-brush, cylindrical brush for cleaning
; down.
bb., kinds of plant as Horsetail b.-glass, coarse ; bou'ltep (bol-), n. Long fishing-line with
dark -green glass ; b.-green, dark green ; &.- many hooks. L?]
 ; ;;

BOUNCE 96 BOWER
& boupn(e) [f. F
2
(boom), n.
bounce J (bow-), v. i. t. Rebound ; throw Limit, goal.
oneself about burst noisily, angrily, &c., into
;
borne OF bodne bound ']
f.

or out of (room), in or out talk big hustle ; ;

bourse (boors), n. Foreign money-market,
{person) by bluff or assumptions into doing or esp. that of Paris. [F]
out of (something) bouncing girl &c., big, ;
boustrophe'don (bow-), a. &adv. (Written)
hearty, bustling, noisy. [ME bunsen thump from right to left & from left to right in
(a now archaic sense of bounce) perh. imit. of ;
alternate lines. [Gk, adv. = as ox turns in
sound cf. G dial, bums for gunfire &c] ploughing (f. bous ox, -strophos turning, -don
bounce 2 ,!). Rebound; boast, exaggeration, adv. suf.)]
swagger, [f. prec] bout (bowt), n. Spell of or turn at work or
Suddenly, noisily, (come b. exercise fit of drinking or illness
bounce 3 adv. ,
; trial of
strength; this &., on this occasion, [perh. =
;

against &c. cf. bang), [as prec]

bou'neer, n. In vbl senses also unblushing ; :
obs. bought, which was perh. (being only from
lie; thing big of its kind. [-ER J ] loth c) assim. of bight to bow 3 ]
bound 1 (bow-), n. Limit of territory or bo'vine, a. Of, like, an ox inert, dull. ; [f.

estate (usu. pi.) limitation, restriction, (out of L bovinus (bos bovis ox, see cow)]
;

bb., beyond limits set by school rules go beyond ;

bow J
(bo), n. Curve ; rainbow ; weapon for
the bb. of reason, put bb. to), [f. OF bodnc = shooting arrows (bend, draw, the b.; two strings
med. L bodena earlier bidina\ to one's b., more resources than one draw the ;

bound 2, v.t. Set bounds to, limit, (esp. in long b., exaggerate); = saddle-6. rod with ;

pass, with by) be the boundary of. [f. prec]

;
stretched horse-hair for playing violin &c,
bound 3 (bow-), v.i. (Of ball &c) recoil from single passage of this across strings = bail 4 ; ;

wall or ground, bounce ; (of

living thing, wave, - bow-window slipknot with single or double
;

&c) spring, leap, advance lightly, [f. F bondir loop, ribbon &c so tied; bb., b.-compass(es),
<only of sound till loth c) perh. f. L bombitare compass with jointed legs b.-head, Greenland ;

{bombus hum)] whale ; b.-legged, bandy ; b.-saw, narrow saw

bound 4
, Springy movement upward or
n. stretched like bow-string on wooden frame;
forward ;
(advance by leaps bb., with start- & bowshot, distance to which b. can send arrow;
b.-string, (strangle with) string of b. (Turkish
ling speed); (of ball recoil (on the first b., &c)
between first two touchings of ground), [f.prec] method of execution). [OE boga; com.-Teut.
bound 5 (bow-), a. Ready to start, having cf. G bogen f. bug- st. of OTeut. beugan
started, for (or with preceding adv. as home- bend]
ward b.). boun, f. ON buinn, Xorw. buen,
[ME bow 2 v.t.
, L'se the bow on (violin &c.) [f.
p.p. of bua get ready -d is due to the ; ME prec]
form's not looking like a p.p.] bow 3 (-ow), v.i. & t. Submit to, bend or
bound , p.p. of bind. In vbl senses esp. b.
6 ; kneel in sign of submission or reverence to or
up with, having the same interests as, closely before (often with down) incline head in salu- ;

connected with ; b. to win &c, certain. tation, assent, &c (boioing acquaintance, that
bou'ndary, n. Limit-line thing that limits. ; stops at this, slight); express (thanks &c),
[bound 1 + -ART 1 ] usher in or out, by bowing cause to bend (lit. ;

bou'nden. See bind 1 & . fig., knee, back Sec. for burden, will) 6. down, ;

bou'ndep, n. In vbl senses of bound 2 3 »

; crush, make stoop, (esp. bowed down by care
esp., (slang) cheerfully or noisily ill-bred person. &c.) [OE bugan f. OTeut. beugan f. st. bug-
[-ER 1 ] cf. Skr. bhiij- bend, L fugere, Gk pheugo flee
bou'ndless, a. Unlimited. Hence bou'nd- bow has also taken the senses of obs. bey its
lessLY 2 adv., bou'ndlessNESs n. [bound + 1
causal form f. OTeut. baugjan]
-less] bow 4 , n. Bending of head or body in saluta-
bou'nteous (bow-), a. Beneficent, liberal tion, respect, consent, &c make one's b., ;

freelybestowed. Hence bou'nteousLY 2 adv., retire, [f. prec]

bou'nteousNESS [ME bontyvous f. OF bow 5 (-ow), n. Fore-end of boat or ship from
n.
bontif (bontt bounty) + -ous, altered later as where it begins to arch inwards (often pi.) on ;

though f. bounte" bounty + -ous] the b., of objects within 45° of the point right
bou'ntiful, a. = prec. also, ample. Hence ; ahead ; rower nearest the b. (b.-oar, his oar or
bou'ntif uIly 2 adv. [foil. + -ful] himself); b.-chaser, see chase 1 [only from ,

bou'nty (bow-), n. Munificence, liberality 1600 ;= LG

bua, Du. boeg. Da. boug, shoulder,
in giving; gift (Queen Anne's B., fund for ship's bow ; OE
had bog, boh, shoulder, bough,
augmenting poor benefices); gratuity to sol- but without the naut. sense see bough] ;

diers &
sailors on joining ; sum paid to &c bowdlerize (bow-), v.t. Expurgate (book,
merchants &c
to encourage trade enterprise author). Hence bowdleriSM<3), bowd-
(b.-fed products), [f. OF bontet f. L bonitatem leriZA'Tiox, nn. [T. Boivdler 1818, expurgator
f. bonus good (bon. -ty)] of Shakspere, + -ize (4)]
bou'quet (bob'ka). n. Bunch of flowers per- ; bowel, n. Division of alimentary canal
fume of wine. lF, = It. boschetto bosket] below stomach, intestine, gut, (sing, only in
boup'don (boor-), n. Bass (usu. 16ft) stop in med. use); (pi.) entrails, inside of body; pity,
organ ; similar stop in harmonium. [F, - bag- tender feelings, (bb. of mercy Sec.) interior of ;

pipe-drone, perh. imit.] anything. [ME buel f. OF boel = It. budello f.

bourgeois 1 (boor"zhwah), n. & a. (Member) LL botellus dim. of botulus sausage]
of shop-keeping middle class, (person) of hum- bower l (bow-), n. Dwelling, abode, (poet.)
drum middle-class ideas. [F, f. LL burgensis inner room, boudoir, (poet.); place closed in with
(bwgus town f. WG burg borough] foliage, arbour, summerhouse, whence bow-
bourgeois 2 (berjoi's), n. & a. (Printing er Y 2 a. b.-bird, Australian starling construct-
;

type) between long primer & brevier, [perh. ing elaborate runs adorned with feathers, shells,
a French printer's name] &c [OE bur dwelling (cf. G bauer birdcage) f.
bourgeoisie (boorzhwahze*), n. The middle OTeut. biirom f.« Aryan bhurom f. bhu (Teut.
class. [F] bu-) dwell]
bourgeon. See burgeon. bower- (bow-), n. (Also b.-anchor, -cable)
bourn x (boom), n. Small stream, [southern either of two anchors (best& small) carried at
var. of burn l
] ship's bow or of their cables, [bow 5 + -er l
]
 ;;; ;

BOWER 97 BRACER
bower 3 (bow-), n. One of two cards (right b., man fishing, shooting, &c, -&., small country ;

knave of trumps, left b., knave of same colour) house for such temporary uses protective case ;

at euchre, [f. G batter peasant, knave at in various machines in the wrong &., awkward :

cards, see boer] position. B.-bed, with wooden roof & sides
bowie-knife (bo->, n. Long knife with 10- opening with sliding panels, also bed rwK.de to
loin. blade double-edged at point used as fold up & look like b. b.-clotn, close-woven ;

weapon in wild parts of U.S. [Col. J. Bowie] cloth like buff; b.-coat, heavy overcoat (for
bowl 1 (bol), Basin (hist., deep-shaped
n. driving); b.-office, in theatre for booking seats;
basin now ; differing only as more dignified or b.-pleat, double fold in cloth ; b.-drain, of quad-
poetic wd) drinking-vessel {the b., convivi-
; rangular section ; b.-iron, for ironing, hollow
ality) contents of a b.
; b. -shaped part of ; for reception of heater. Hence bo*XFUL(2) n.
tobacco-pipe, spoon, balance,&c. Hence bowi- [either = prec, or f. L buxum boxwood, or f. L
ful(2) n. [var. of boll OE bolla; com.-Teut. f. Gk puxis pvx]
f. bul- swell] box 3, v.t. Provide with, put into, a b. 6. up, ;

bowl 2 (bol), n. 1. Wooden ball made confine uncomfortably, squeeze together lodge ;

slightly out of spherical shape to make it run (document) in Law Court divide off from other ;

curved course (bias). 2. Flattened or spheri- compartments ; (old slang) b. the watch, over-
cal wooden ball at skittles. 3. (PI.) game turn watchman in his b.; b. the compass, (N aut.)
played with bb. (sense 1) on grass, or with rehearse the points in correct order, (fig.) make
round balls in room. 4. (Dial.; pi.) skittles. complete revolution &
end where one began
[ME & F boule f. L bulla bubble bowl* has ; (in politics, argument, &c). [f. prec]
taken its pronunc. f. bowl 1 & boivl 1 its spell- , box 4 n.
, Slap with hand on the ear(s). [?]
ing f. bowl*] box 5
, v.t. & i. Slap person's ears ; fight
bowl 3 (bol), v.t. & i. Play bb. trundle (ball, ; (someone, or intr.) with fists (usu. in padded
hoop, &c.) along ground go along by revolving ; gloves & merely for exercise), [f. prec]
or by means of wheels, esp. b. along, go fast & bo'xer, n. Pugilist; (B) member of Chinese
smoothly (Cricket) deliver (ball, over, orabs.),
; anti-foreign secret society, [prec, -er 1 ]
knock o/T( bails) or down( wicket), dismiss (bats- box-haul, v.i. Veer ship round on her keel
man out or abs.), whence bowler 1 [-er 1 ] n.
; (for want of room), [box 3 ]
b. over, knock down, (fig.) disconcert, render Bo'xingr-day, n. First week-day after
helpless, [f. prec] Christmas, [on which Christmas-boxes are
bowler 2 (bo-), n. = billycock, [f. bowl 1 given, f. obs. sense of box 3 f. 'money)BOX 2 ]
+ -ER 1 ] boy, n. Male child (strictly till puberty,
bowline (bo'lin), n. Rope from weather loosely till 19 or 20, 'the bb. also of grown-up '

side of square sail to bow ; (also b.-knot) a sons of a family) ; person who retains tastes
simple but very secure knot, [in all Teut. or simplicity of boyhood servant, slave, ^,

langg. connected with bow 5 but found in E , native labourer, male native, in various
centuries before that, & now with different countries with subject races (cf. post-boy
pronunc] &c); (familiar voc.) old, my, b.; the b. slang,
bowling 1
, n. In vbl senses; esp.: b.-crease, champagne ; 6or/-,often = male (b. -child), young
line from behind which bowler delivers ball (b.-husband); boy's-love, Southern -wood. [cf.
b.-alley, long enclosure for playing skittles; EFris. boi young gentleman perh. = Du. boef
b.-grecn, lawn for playing bowls, [-ing x ] knave f. MfiG buole (G buheY]
bowman 1
(bo-), n. (pi. -men). Archer. boycott, v.t., & n. Punish, coerce, (person,
[bow 1 ] class) by systematic refusal of social or com-
bowman 2 (bow-), n. (pi. -men). Oarsman mercial relations combine in abstaining from
;

nearest the bow. [bow 5 ]

(goods &c) with this aim (n.) such treatment. ;

bowsprit (bo-), n. Spar running out from [Capt. B., Irish landlord so treated f. 1880] ;

ship's stem, to which forestays are fastened, boyhood, n. Boyish age boys, [-hood] ;

[earlier recorded than bow 5 , with its first part & boyish, a. Proper to boys as of a boy, ;

very various (bore, boar, bolt-, bole-, bow-); spirited, puerile. Hence boyishLY 2 adv.,
therefore prob. not an E compel, but borrowed boyishNEss n. [-ism l
(l)]
entire cf. Du. boegspriet see bow 5 sprit]
; , bra'bble, v.i., & (Engage in)
n., (archaic).
Bow-street (bo-), n. a. Street near & paltry noisy quarrel. [etym. dub., but cf,
Covent Garden with chief metropolitan police- Dutch brabbelen jabber, stammer]
court B.-runner, -officer, old names for police
; brace 1 , n. Thing that clasps, tightens,
officer. unites, secures; (pi.) suspenders for trousers;
bow-window (bo-), n. Curved (not angular) thong for tuning drum ; strap suspending
bay-window ; (slang) large belly. Hence bow- carriage-body from springs connecting mark ;

v/i'ndowED 2 a. [bow i
] in printing ({); pair, couple, (dogs, game,
bow-wow, int. & n. Dog's bark ; imitation contemptuously of persons) strengthening ;

of it ; (nursery talk &c.) dog. piece of iron or timber in building; b. bit, &
bowyer (bo-), n. Maker, seller, of bows. revolving tool for boring, screw-driving, &c.
[bowH-yer] (Naut.) rope attached to yard for trimming
box 1, n. Kinds of small evergreen shrub, esp. sail (splice the main 6., drink), [f. OF brace,
one with small dark leathery leaves, much used brase, the two arms, f. L brachia (pi.) arms ;
in garden borders .(also box-wood) its wood, ; the naut. meaning is perh. f. F bras arm]
used by turners & engravers (with qualifica- ; brace 2 , v.t. Fasten tightly, stretch, string
tion) similar plant (Bastard B. &c). If. L up, give firmness to, (b. oneself up, b. one's
buxus, cf. Gk puxos] energies, &c; bracing air) support couple ; ;

box 2, n. Receptacle (usu. lidded, rectangular together; (Naut.) move (sail) by bb. [partly f.
or cylindrical, & for solids) of wood, cardboard, OF bracier embrace, partly f. prec. ; the naut.
metal, &c. driver's seat (from the box under
; perh. f. F brasser]
it); —boxful as quantity; money-box (put in bra'celet, n. Ornamental band, chain, &c,
the &.); separate compartment at theatre, in for wrist or arm wrist-fetter. Hence bra'ce-
;

tavern, &c, in stable or railway truck for letED 2 a. [OF, dim. of braccl f. L brachiale
horse (loose f\, in which it can move about) (brachium arm) see -al (2)J
-JURY-6., witness-6. hut for sentry or signal- ; bra'cer, n. Wrist-guard in archery & fenc-
F.D. 4
 ; ;;;;

BRACH 98 BRANCH
ing. [f. OF brasseiire as f. L *brachiatura woven into a band. Hence brai'diNG 1 (3, 6) n.
(brachium arm), see -ure & cf. border ]
1 [see foil.]
braeh (-atsh), n. Bitch hound, [f. OF braid 2 , v.t. Plait, interweave, (hair, flowers,
bracket dim. of brae f. OHG bracco hound thread) ; arrange (hair) in bb. ; confine (hair,
hunting by scent] &c) with ribbon &c ; trim, edge, with b. [OE
brachial (-ak-), a. Of the, bregdan com.-Teut. move to like an, arm. & fro, move
[f. L brachialis [brachium arm)
suddenly sideways] see -al]
bra'ehiate (-ak-,-at), a. (hot. With branches Brai'dism, n. -hypnotism,
). [first scientific-
in pairs at right angles to stem, each pair at ally applied & explained by Dr J. Braid, 1842
right angles to the last. [f. L brachiatus -ism (3)]
armed see prec. & -ate 2 (1)] brail, n., & v.t. (Haul up with) small rope(s)
braehy- (-k-), comb, form of Gk brakhus on sail-edges for trussing sails before furling.
many scientific
short, in terms. [OF, f. L bracale waist-belt (bracae breeches)
brachyeepha'lie (-kisi-), a. Short-headed see -al(2)]
(of skulls with breadth at least four-fifths of braille (-al), n. System of writing & printing
length or of person or race with such skull),
;
for the blind. [M. Braille, French inventor,
[prec. + -cephalic] 1831]
braehylog-yi-kl-hn. Conciseness of speech, brain, n., & v.t. Convoluted nervous sub-
condensed expression, incorrectness of speech stance in skull of vertebrates (sing, of the
due to excessive condensation, [f. Gk brakhu- whole as an organ, pi. of the substance ; blow
logia, see brachy-, -logy] out one's bb., shoot him in the head); centre
bra'cken, n. A
fern abundant on heaths of sensation, thought, &c. (usu. pi., sing, with
&c. any large fern (collect.) mass of ferns.
; ;
dignified or exalted effect cudgel Sec. one's bb., ;

[ME (northern) bi^aken cf. Sw. brdken] think hard have something on the b., be crazy
;

bra'eket 1 , n. Flat-topped projection from about it turn one's 6., make him vain & silly)
;

wall serving as support to statue, arch, &c. intellectual power (suck, pick, one's b., extract
shelf with slanting under-prop for hanging & use his ideas) b.-fag, nervous exhaustion ;

against wall wooden or metal angular sup-

; b.-fever, inflammation of the b. b.-pan, skull ;

port side-piece of gun-carriage supporting

; b.-sick, mad hence brai'nLESS a. ;(Vb) dash
trunnion support projecting from wall of gas
; out bb. of. [OE braegen - Du. brein, cf. perh.
or other lamp pairs of marks, (),[], { }, (cf.
;
Gk brekhmos forehead]
brace), used for enclosing words, figures, &c. brai'ny, a. Clever (chiefly U.S.). [-Y 2 ]
{b.-turn in skating, like one of the third pair), braird, n., & v.i. (Come up in) fresh shoots.
[earlier bragget f. Sp. bragueta dim. of braga f. [L OE brerd brim cf. brord see brad]
L braccae breeches, meaning affected by con- braise (-z), v.t. Stew tender with bacon,
fusion with L brachium arm] herbs, &c. [f. F braiser (braise hot char-
bra'cket 2, v.t. Enclose in bb. as paren- coal)]
thetic, spurious, (Math.) having spec, relations brake 1
, n. = bracken, [perh. borrowed
to what precedes or follows, &c. couple (names ; f. northern bracken with loss of -en as though
&c.) with a brace, imply connexion or equality pi. ending]
between [bracketed, equal), [f. prec] brake 2, n. Thicket, brushwood, [cf. MLG
fora'ekish, a. Between salt & fresh (of brake tree-stumps (breken break v.)]
water), [f. obs. adj. brack f. Du. brak, -ish 1 ] brake 3 , n. Toothed instrument for braking
bract, n. Small leaf or scale below calyx. flax & hemp (also b.-harroiv) heavy harrow ;

Sobra*cteAL,bra*eteATE 2 (2), aa. [f. L brac- instrument for peeling off willow-bark. [=MLG
tea thin plate, gold leaf] brake or ODu. braeke flax-brake f. Du. breken
brad, n. Thin flat slightly-headed nail, break 1 ]
[earlier brod prob. f. ON broddr- OE brord brake 4, v.t. Crush (flax, hemp) by beating,
spike] [f. prec]
bra'dawl, n. Small non-spiral boring-tool, brake 5 , n. Apparatus for checking wheel's
[perh. f. prec. + awl] motion ; (also b.-van) railway-carriage contain-
brady-, comb, form of Gk bradus slow, as ing this, guard 's compartment. Hencebra'ke-
-pepsy slow digestion. less a. [etym. dub. perh. f. obs. or techn. ;

brae (-a), n. Steep bank, hill-side. [Sc. wd brake— lever f. OF brae oblique of bras arm]
used by E writers, f. ON ora=OE brxw brow] brake 6 , v.t. Apply b. to (wheel, car, train),
brag , n., v.i.
1

t. &
(Indulge in) boastful & [f. prec]
talk ; boast of, boast that card-game like ; bra'kesman, n. Man in charge of brake 5 .

poker, [etym. dub. F braguer &c. later] ; Bra'mah-. (Lock, press, pen, &c) invented
braggado'cio (-shio), n. Empty vaunting. by J. B. c 1790.
[formed by Spenser (meaning boaster) on prec. bra'mble, n. Rough prickly shrub ; black-
& It. augmentative -occhio] berry-bush. Hence bra*mblY 2 a. [OE brem-
bra'g'g'art, n. & a. (Person) given to brag- bel earlier bremel (for-6-cf. humble, number)
ging,[f. F bragard f. braguer brag + -ard] dim. of OTeut. wd = OE brom broom cf. G
brahmapoo'tra, brah'ma, n. Kind of brom-beere blackberry]
domestic fowl, [river Brahmaputra, whence bra'mbling", n. The Mountain Finch, [prec.
brought] + -LINGM1)]
brah'min, -man, n. Member of Hindu bran, n. Husks of grain separated from flour
priestly caste. Hence branmrnic(AL), after grinding, [f. OF brcn etym. dub.]
-ma*nic(AL), aa., brah*minisM(3), -man- bra'neard, n. A horse-litter. [F, = litter
ism(3), n. [f. Skr. brahmana I. brahman (foil., -ARD)]
worship] branch 1 (-tsh), n. Limb springing from tree
brahminee* \ n. Female brahmin, [f. Skr. or bough (bough, b., twig, is the order, but b.
brahmani fern, see prec] sometimes for either of the others) lateral ;

brah'minee 2 a. Belonging to brahmin extension or subdivision of mountain-range,

,
caste &c. [f. brahmin on anal, of Bengalee river, road, family, genus, subject of know-
&c] ledge, argument, legislature, bank or other
braid l , n. Entwined hair, plait ; band &c business, ; &c
root-&-b. adj., root b. adv., &
entwined with the hair; silk, thread, &c, thorough(ly),radical(ly). Hence(-)branehED 2,
 ;;; ;

BRANCH 99 BREACH
bra'nehLESS, aa., bra'nehLET n. If. F (N.)Red-Indian warrior. [F, f. It. bravo etym.
branche branch f. LL branca paw J dub. L rabidus mad, & barbarus, have been
;

branch 2 , v.i. Put branches out, forth; suggested]

spring out, spread forth, tend away or off, brave 2 , v. t. Defy, encounter with courage ;
diverge into. [f. prec.J b. it out, carry oneself defiantly under sus-
bra'nchia(e) (-kla, -kie), n. pi. Gills. Hence picion or blame, [f. F braver see prec]
bra'nehiAL, bra'nchiATE'-(2), bra'nehi- bra'very, n. Daring; splendour, ostenta-
ferous, bra'nehiFORM aa., bra'nehio- tion, finery, [prob. f. F braverie f. braver see
comb. form. [L branchia, pi. -ae, i. Gk prec. (orig. E sense bravado); -erv]
bragkhia pi.] bra'vo 1 (-ah-), n. (pi. -oes, -os). Hired
bra'nehy, a. With many branches. [-Y 2 ] assassin, desperado. [It., see brave j ]
brand K n. Burning or charred log or stick bra'vo 2 (-ah-), n.
of approval, & int. Cry
(b.from the burning, rescued person, convert), esp. to actors &c. (sometimes bi^ava, bravi, to
torch (poet.) mark made by hot iron stigma
; ; actress, company; also bravissimo superl.).
trade-mark, particular kind of goods iron ; [It. = brave 1
]
stamp for burning a mark in kind of blight ; bravura Brilliant or ambitious
(-oora), n.
(leaves &c. with burnt look) sword (poet. ; execution, forced display; passage of music
perh. as flashing). [com. -Teut., f. OTeut. bran- requiring exceptional powers. [It.]
doz (bran- pret. st. oibrinnan burn -+ suf. -do brawl, v.i., & n. Squabble, (engage in)
as in word)] noisy quarrel; (of streams) murmur. Hence
brand.-, v.t. Burn with hot iron (surgically, braw'lER i n. [quoted from 1375, etym. dub. ;

penally, or showing ownership or quality) cf. mod. Du. & G brallen brag, shout]
impress on memory ; stigmatize, [f. prec] brawn, n. Muscle pickled or potted boar's
bra'ndish, v.t. "Wave about, flourish, flesh, [f. OF braon flesh f.
;

WG brddo (brddan
(weapon, threat) as preliminary to action or roast cf. OE brxdan & G braten i. Aryan bhre-
in display, [f. F brandir (-ish 2 ) f. Teut. burn) sense boar's flesh is excl. E]
;

brand 1 sword] brawny, a. Strong, muscular. Hence

bra'ndling", n. Red worm with brighter brawniNESs n. [-v 2 ]
rings used as bait, [brand 1 -f -ling id)] bray n., & v.i. & t.
1
, (Make) the cry, or a
bra*nd-nevv, bran-, a. Conspicuously sound like the cry, of ass or trumpet; b. out,
new. [f. brand 1 as if freshly stamped] , utter harshly, [f. F braire cf. l^fragor crack-
bra'ndreth, n. Wooden stand for cask, ling noise]
hay-rick, &c. [f. ON brandrcith grate {brandr bray 2 , v.t. Pound, beat small, esp. with
BRASD 1 +reith carriage)] pestle mortar. & If. OF breier (now broyer)
bra'ndy, n. Strong spirit distilled from etym. dub.]
wine b.-ball, kind of sweet b.-pOAvnee [Hind.
; ; braze 1
, v.t. Colour like brass. [perh. = OE
pani water], b.-&-water; b.-snajy, gingerbread brasian (braes brass) make of brass (not found
wafer, [earlier brandwine, brandexcine, f. Du. betvv. 1000 and 1550), but prob. mod. form on
brandewij tt-burnt (distilled) wine] glass, glaze]
bra'nk-ur'sine, n. Bear's breech, Acan- braze 2 , v.t. Solder with alloy of brass &
thus, [f. med. L branca ursina bear's claw cf. zinc. [perh. f. F braser solder f. OX brasa
branch] expose to flrel
bran-new. See brand-new. bra'zen \ a. Made of brass strong, yellow, ;

branti-goosei. See brent. or harsh-sounding, as brass (also b.-faced) ;

brass, n. & a. (Hist.) alloy of copper with shameless, whence bra'zenLV 2 adv. b. age, ;

tin, zinc, or other base metal; (mod.) yellow
alloy of is copper with i zinc (cf. bronze)
inscribed sepulchral table of b. the b., the b.
instruments of a band (slang) money ef-
third stage in human deterioration (golden,
;
silver, b., iron). [OE brzesen (braes brass+ -en 5 )]
; bra'zen 2, v.t. B. out, carry off impudently
; ; ('it matter, deed) make shameless, [f. prec]
', ;

frontery, shamelessness (adj.) made of b. ; bra'zier 2 (-zhe?'), n. Worker in brass. Hence

b. band, set of musicians with b. instruments ; bra ziERY(l)
#
n. [braze j + -ier, cf. glazier,
b. farthing, least possible amount, esp. don't grazier]
care a b.f. b. plate, on door, gate, or window-
; bra'zier 2 Pan for holding lighted
, (-zhe?*), n.
ledge, with name, trade, &c. [OE &?*ses etym. charcoal, brasier {braise hot coal)]
[f. F
dub.] Brazi'l, n. & a. (Also B.-xcood) kinds of
bra'ssage (-ij), n. Mint-charge for coining hard red S.-Amer. wood yielding dyes B.-nut, ;

money. [F, f. brasser stir melted metals large three-cornered nut. [etym. dub. orig. ;

together ; see -age] Sp., Port., &

F name of E.-Ind. wood, trans-
brassar'd, n. Badge worn on arm. [F ferred to S.-Amer. similar species thence &
(bras arm &.see -ard)] to the country]
bra'ssy, a. & n. Like brass in colour, breach. 1 (-e-), n. (Xaut.) breaking of waves
sound, taste impudent pretentious hence
; ; ; (clear b., rolling over without breaking clean ;

bra*ssiLY 2 adv., brassiNESs n. (X.) b. -soled b., carrying away of masts everything on &
golf-club. [-v 2 ] deck) ; breaking or neglect (of rule, duty, con-
brat, Child (usu. contempt.),
n. [etym. tract, someone's privileged rights, or promise,
dub., but obs. or dial, brat cloth, applied in
cf. esp. to marry) ; 6. of close, trespass, of the
OW (brith pi.) to swaddling-clothes] peace, riot or affray ; breaking of relations,
bra'ttiee, bra'ttieing", nn. (Coal-min- separation, alienation, quarrel broken state ;

ing) wooden partition or shaft-lining, [formerly gap, esp. in fortifications made by artillery
wooden parapet on fortress brutaske f. ; ME (stand in the b., bear brunt of attack, lit. or
OXF breteske perh. f. G brett board-}- Rom. fig.); whale's leap clear out of water. [OE
suf. -esca -esque] bryce '(t OTeut. st. brek- see break) gave ME
brava'do (-van-, -va-), n. (pi. -oes, -os). Show bruche ; ME breche
breche f. same Teut.) (f. F
of courage, bold front, [f. Sp. bravada, F combined with and has displaced bruche,
bravade see foil., -ado (2), -ade(1)]
; helped by such analogies as speak speech]
brave *, a. & n. Courageous (the b., b. men) breach 2, v.t. & i. Break through, make
(archaic-literary) finely dressed, showy, worthy, gap in; (of whale) leap clear out of water.
honest, admirable; hence bra'veLY 2 adv. if. prec.J
 ;;; ;;

BREAD 100 BREATHE

bread (-ed), n. Flour moistened, kneaded, (Cricket) deviation of ball on pitching (b.-back,
& baked, usu. with leaven (break b., take food, f.offside); (Billiards) points scored continu-
join in Lord's supper; b. butter, b. slices & ously gap, broken place, interruption of con-
;

spread with butter, necessary food, a liveli- tinuity; (Mus.) point of separation between
hood b.-&-butter miss, school-girl b. ; & different registers of voice irregularity, [f. ;
;

cheese, simple food, a livelihood b. milk, ; & prec]

broken b. in boiling m. b. wine, Lord's ; & break 3
, n. Carriage-frame with no body
supper; know which side one's 6. is buttered, for breaking in young horses large wagonette, ;

where one's interest lies b. buttered on both ; [f. break 1 ( = 'b. -horse or f. obs. n. brake- '),

sides, easy prosperity take the b. out of one's ; curb, bridle, which may be special use of
mouth, take away his living by competition BRAKE 3 ]

&c. eat the b. of idleness, affliction, be idle,

;
break-down, n. Collapse, stoppage ; failure
afflicted daily b., livelihood make one's b.,
;
; of health or power negro dance (bra'kdown).
;

earn a living) b.-basket, (slang) stomach &.-; ; brea'ker l

, n. In vbl senses (esp. in comb,
crumb, inner part of loaf, b. crumbled for use as horse-b.) also, ; heavy ocean- wave breaking
in cooking b.-fruit, -tree, South-Sea tree with on coast or over reefs, [-er l
; ]

farinaceous fruit; b.-stuffs, grain, flouv o.- ; brea'ker 2 (-a-), n. (naut.). Small keg. [f.

vtinner, person (also art, trade, tool) that sup- Sp. barrica cask]
ports a family. Hence brea'dLESS a. [OE bnea'kfast (brek-), n., & v.i. & t. (Take,
bread (cf. G 'brod, brot) f. OTeut. braudoz ; entertain at) first meal of day. Hence brea'k-
orig. sense prob. fragment or piece, loaf being fasti>ESS a. [break interrupt+FAST n.J 1

the Teut. wd for bread] brea'kneek, a. Dangerous (b. pace, road,

breadth (-e), n. Broadness, measure from climb).
side to side, (to a hair's b., exactly) ; piece (of break-up, Disintegration, decay, col- n.
cloth &c.) of full b. extent, distance, room; ; lapse, dispersal, phr. to break up] [f.

largeness (of mind, view, &c), liberality, brea'kwater, n. Object breaking, mole
catholicity, toleration bold effect. Hence ; &c. built to break, force of waves.
brea*dth\VAYS, -wise, advv. [formed on obs. bream Yellowish arch-backed fresh-
l
, n.
brede, OE br&du, in same sense^-TH 1 on water fish. f. F breme OF bresme
[ME breme
anal, of length &c] f. Teut. (VVG brahsm-, brehsm-, perh. f. st. of
break 1 (broke in Bible
i-ak), v.t. & i. & brehwan glitter)]
brake; broken sometimes broke see broke 2 ). bream 2 v.t. Clear (ship's bottom) by singe-
,

1. (Of a whole) make or become discontinuous ing with burning furze &c. [perh. f. Du. brem
otherwise than by cutting, divide into two or broom, furze]
more parts, (b. bulk 1 ; b. a set, sell parts breast 1
(-e), n. Either milk-secreting organ
separately b. up, dismiss, depart, b. small
; in woman, corresponding rudiment in man,
6. a lance with, argue against; b. bread with, (sometimes of beast's dug); (fig.) source of
be entertained by; b. Priscian's head, use nourishment upper front of human body or of ;

bad grammar b. person on wheel, of medieval

; coat, dress, &c. corresponding part of animals ;

execution b. butterfly on wheel, waste

; heart, emotions, thoughts, (make clean b. of,
power; b. ground, plough, begin siege, or fig. confess) ; breastbone, thin flat vertical bone in
any, operations b. the ice, get over initial ; chest connecting ribs ; b.-drill, -hoe, &c, pushed
shyness or reserve b. the ranks, disorder by ; with b.-harness, with b.-band instead of
b. ;

leaving them troops b., disperse in confusion

; ; collar ; b.-high, high as the b., (submerged) to
clouds b., show gap) crack, graze, (b. ahead) ; ; the b., (of scent) so strong that hounds race
shatter dislocate (neck 6. the neck or >ack of.
; ;
:
with heads up ; b.-pin, jewelled &c. worn in
kill, dispose of) make by separating obstacles ; tie breastplate, piece of armour covering b.,
;

(a way &c.) ; penetrate by breaking (b. op°n) lower shell of turtle, tortoise, &c, inscription-
interrupt change, (gloom, spell, journey,
; plate on coffin b.-wall, confining a bank of ;

silence, one's fast; voice breaks, with emotion earth ; b.-wheel, water-wheel with water
or at manhood b. off, bring to an end, cease) ; admitted near axle breastwork, temporary ;

disrupt (broken bonds &c). 2. (Of a part) defence or parapet a few feet high. Hence
disconnect or depart from something otherwise -brea'stED 2 a. [OE briost f. OTeut. breustom
than by cutting, (b. bough from tree, person cf. G brust perh. related to OSax. brustian ;

of habit 6. with, quarrel or part with 6. an to bud]

; ;

officer, dismiss; 6. piece off; ball breaks, breast 2, v.t. Oppose the b. to, face, contend
changes from its course, back from off, in from with, (waves, hill), [f. prec]
leg, side). 3. Make a way, come, produce, with brea'stsummer, bre'ssummer, n.
effort, suddenness, violence, &c. (b. into house, Beam across broad opening, sustaining super-
out o/prison, through obstacles b. in, intrude, structure, [breast • + s?<mmer beam f. F ;

interpose disease, war, b. out

; b. out, ex- sommier f. L sagmarius (sagma packsaddle)] :

claim b. news, a jest, reveal it; day breaks

; breath (-eth), n. Exhalation as perceptible ;

abscess breaks) ; escape, emerge from, (prison, to sight or smell slight movement of air ;

bounds, covert 6. free or loose b. away from). whiff of perfume &c.

; air taken into and ; ;

4. Make or become weak, disable, discourage, expelled from lungs (draw b., breathe, live a ;

ruin, destroy, cease, exhaust, (b. the heart, b. of fresh air; spend, waste, b., talk vainly ;

heart breaks frost, iveather, breaks b. bank, keep b. to cool porridge, abstain from talk b.
; ; ;

exhaust its resources merchant breaks, is of life, nostrils, a necessity) respiration (catch,
; ;

bankrupt; b. blow, fall, weaken its effect; b. hold, one's 6., in fear or absorbing emotion)
down, demolish, collapse, fail); tame, discipline, one respiration (say inconsistent things in one
overpower, (with in, to, or abs. 6. a horse, or the same b.) power of breathing (out of b., not ; ;

b. a horse to the rein b. in child b. one's able to breathe quick enough take b., pause,
; ; ;

will, spirit b. resistance, a rebellion)

; make rest) whisper, murmur, (not a b. heard also ; ; ;

of no effect, transgress, violate, neglect, (law, below one's b., in a whisper). [OE brxth smell
Sabbath, contract, promise, one's word). Hence of burning f. OTeut. brxthoz f. Aryan bhreto-
Wea'kABLE a., brea*kAGE(3) n. [OE brecan (bhre- burn)]
cf. G brechen f. OTeut. st. brek- = L/ragr-] breathe (-edh), v.i. & t. Use the lungs; live ;
break 2, n. Breaking 6. of day, dawn ^eem alive take breath, pause, (b. again, ; ; ;
 :;;

BREATHER 101 BRICK

freely, recover from fear &c., be at ease) :, of wild goose, visiting Britain in winter, [etym.
sound, speak, (of wind) blow, softly (6. upon, dub..; c'f. G'traivdijcitis] .
.
tarnish, taint) send out (neic life into frag-
; ; bysfv n. (U.S. negro dial contraction for)
,

rance 6. one's last breath or last, die) take

; ; brother (esp. in beast-fable personifications, as
in [b. foul, wholesome, air) utter softly, also ; B. Fox, Rabbit).
passionately (b. strife), exhibit (b. simplicity) ; bre'ssummer. See breastsummer.
allow to b., give rest to force to b., exercise, ; bre'thren. See brother.
tire. IME brethen f. prec] Bre'ton, a. & n. (Native) of Brittany in
brea'ther(-edh-), n. In vbl senses; esp., short France. [F, = briton]
spell of exercise, [-er 1
\ Bretwa'lda Lord of the Britons,
(-61-), n.
brea'thingr 1 (-edh-), n. In vbl senses esp. ; title given to Egbert & Old Eng. Kings of
(Gk Gram.) rough, smooth, b., signs ('), ('), indi- various states who held nominal or real
cating that initial vowel is or is not aspirated ; supremacy over the rest.
b.-space, time to breathe, pause, [-ing 1
] breve, n. (Hist.) authoritative letter from
bpea'thing 1
'
2 (-edh-), a. In vbl senses ; esp., sovereign orpope; (Mus.) note = two semibreves
life-like (statue &c.)
brea'thless (-eth-), a. panting
[-ing 2
]
Lifeless ;
now rarely used short prosody mark
printing, [var. of brief 1 ]
in ;
H
holding the breath unstirred by wind, [-less] ; bre'vet, n., & v.t. Document conferring a
brea'thlessly (-eth-), adv. Pantingly in ; privilege from sovereign or government, esp.
suspense. [-LY 2
|
rank without corresponding pay in army (6.
brea'thy (-eth-), a. (Of singing-voice) not rank, 6. officer) honorary, nominal, position
; ;

clear-cut at beginning of sound, using breath (vb) confer b. rank on. [F, = note, dim. of bref
before vocal chords are tense. Hence brea'thi- brief i]

ness n. [-Y 2 ] brevi-, comb, form in scientific terms of L

bre'eeia (-tsha), n. Rock of angular stones brevis short, as brevirostrate short-beaked.
&c. cemented by lime &c. = gravel or bre'viary, n.
[It., (R.-C. Ch.) book containing
rubbish of broken walls cf. F breche f. Teut. = the Divine Office for each day, to be recited by
break] those in orders, [f. L breviariuvi summary
bred. See breed v. (brevis short, -ary 1
)]
breech, breeches (-itshiz) or pair of
n. (PI.) brevier' (-ver), n. Printing-type size betw een r

bb., short trousers fastened below knee (Bb. bourgeois & minion, [used in breviaries]
Bible, Geneva Bible of 1560 with 66. for aprons bre'vity, n. Shortness of expression, con-
in Gen. iii. 7) and (now) used only for riding or ciseness short span (of life), [f. AF brevete
;

in court costume &c. (cf. knickerbockers); f. L brevitatem (brevis short, -tv)]

(loosely) trousers or knickerbockers xoear the ; brew , v.t. & i. Make (beer &c.) by in-
1

bb., of wife ruling her husband. (Gunnery) & fermentation (di^iiik as you
fusion, boiling,
part of cannon behind bore, back part of rifle have brewed, take consequences) make (tea, ;

or gun barrel b.-block, closing b. aperture in

; punch) by mixture or infusion undergo these ;

guns; breech-loader, -loading, (gun) loaded at processes concoct, bring about, set in train,
;

breech, not through muzzle. [OE 6r<*c pi., f. grow to ripeness, fester, gather force, (usu. of
OTeut. broks loin and thigh garment breeches ; evil results mischief is brewing, 6. rebellion)
; ;

a double pi., breech being a pi. like/eei] brexohouse, = brewery (but now less used).
bree'ehing (-itsh-), n. Leather strap round Hence brew'ER brew*ERY(3), 1
, nn. [OE
shaft-horse's hind-quai*ters for pushing back brtowan; com. -Teut., cf. G brauen; perh. also
(Naut.) rope securing gun to ship's side. [f. L defrutum new wine boiled down]
prec. + -ing 1 ] brew 2 , n. Process of brewing; amount
bree'ehless (-itsh-), a. Without breeches. brewed at once quality of stuff brewed, [f.
;

[-less] prec]
breed 1
, v.t. & i. (bred). Bear, generate, brewage (-Ij), n. Concocted drink ; process
(offspring) cherish in womb or egg propagate
; ;
or result of concoction & fig.), [-age]
(lit.
be pregnant yield, produce, result in make
; ; brewis, n. Broth (archaic & dial.). [ME
propagate, raise, (cattle) train up fit for being, ; ; browesf. OF brouetz nom. of brouet dim. of
adapt to, (6. him a lawyer, to the law), bring 6ro OHG brod broth]
f.

up arise, spread 6. in
; in, always marry ; & Brewster Se'ssions, n. Sessions for
near relations. Hence bree'dER n. [OE 1 issue of licences to trade in alcoholic liquors,
bredan cf. G bruten f. OTeut. brodjan (brodd- [f. obs. breivster (orig. female) brewer, see -ster]
warmth see brood)] bri'ar. See brier.
breed 2 , n. Race, stock, strain family with ; Brrareus (-roos), n. Many-handed person.
hereditary qualities, [f. prec] [Gkmythol.]
bree'ding", n. In vbl senses esp., result of ; bribe 1 , n. Money offered to procure &c
training, behaviour, good manners, [-ing 1 ] (often illegal or dishonest) action in favour of
breeze , n. Gad-fly. [OE briosa etym.
1 the giver, [perh. f. OF bribe piece of bread
dub.l given to beggar, etym. dub.]
breeze 2, n. Gentle wind wind off land, or ; bribe , v.t. Pervert by gifts or other in-
2

sea, at certain hours; (slang) quarrel, display ducements the action or judgment of (abs.) ;

of temper. Hence bree'zeLESS a. [earlier practise bribery. Hence bri'bER 1 bribEE", ,

brize f. OSp. briza NE wind perh. = F bize, 6i.se, bribaBi'LiTY, bri*bERY(4), nn., bri'bABLE
N wind F3 bHse ; is later] a. [f. prec]
breeze Small cinders, coke, coke-dust,
, n. brie-a-brae (brl'kabrak), n. Curiosities,
&c, used by brickmakers. [perh. f. F braise, old furniture, china, fans, &c. [F, perh. = de
cf.brazier ] 2 brie et de broc by hook or by crook]
bree'zy, a. Wind-swept pleasantly windy ; ;
brick l, n. & a. Clay kneaded, moulded, &
fresh, lively, jovial. Hence bree'ziLY 2 adv., baked by fire or sun; block (usu. rectangular
bree'ziNESS n. [-y 2 ] & about 9 in. x 4f x 21) of this b. -shaped loaf, ;

Bre'hon, Ancient Irish judge B.

n. & a. ; block of tea, &c ; child's wooden toy building-
law, Irish code abolished under James I. [f Olr. . block (slang) generous or kind person b.-bat,
; ;

brithem judge] piece of b., esp. as missile [bat 2 ]; b.-dust,

brent(-g-oose), brant-, n. Smallest species powdered b., colour like it ; b.-field, -kiln, in
 ;;; ;;

BRICK 102 BRIMSTONE

which hb. are made, baked ; line to person or community (less formal than
bricklayer, work-,
man building in ~>. , bHekfpork, building b.; bull) ; (Law) summary of facts m
law-points of &
hence (rare) bra'ckf;?* 5 a.' (Adj.) built of b. a case drawn up for counsel (hold b. for, be
[prob. f. F brique broken piece f. Teat, brlk-' retained as counsel for, argue in favour of)
break] , „
a b., piece of employment for barrister, whence
.
brick 2, v.t. B. up, block (window &c.) with brie'f less a. [ME
, . .

bref f. L breve dis- & OF

b.-work (& used with other advv.). [f. prec] patch, note, neut. of brevis short]
bri'cky, a. Littered with, coloured or look- brief 2
, v.t. (Law) reduce (facts &c) to a b.
ing like, bricks. [-Y 2] instruct (barrister) by b., employ, [f. prec]
fopi'eole (-Ikl), n. .Indirect stroke in tennis brief 3 , a. n. Of short duration ; concise &
& billiards. [F, etym. dub.] be b., speak shortly; in b., in short. Hence
bri'dal, n. &
Wedding-feast, wedding.
a. brie'fLv 2 adv., brie'f ness n. [ME & OF
(Adj.) of bride or (b. cheer, veil) hence
wedding ; bref f. L brevis short]
bri'dalLY 2 adv. [= bride ale or festivity; bpi'ep , bri'ap, n. (also brere archaic).
1

OE bryd-ealo ; the prevailing adj. use results f. Prickly bush, esp. of wild rose ; Sweet B., wild
confusion with -al] rose with fragrant leaves flowers ; B.-rose, &
bride 1 , n. Woman on her wedding-day & Dog-rose. Hence bpi'epv 2 -apv 2 , a. [OE ,

for some days or weeks before & after it; brxr, brer, etym. dub. ; cf. frere, friar]
bH'decake, rich cake eaten at wedding, sent bri'ep 2, bri'ap, n. The White Heath, of
round to friends, &c. [OE bryd com.-Teut. ; which the root is used for tobacco pipes, [at
cf. G brant, f. OTeut. briidiz bride, daughter- first (the material was introduced only c 1859)
in-law, perh. f. bru- to cook] bruyer f. F bruyere heath]
bride 2, n. Delicate network connecting the bpig, n. Two-masted square-rigged vessel,
uatterns in lace bonnet-string. [F, = bridle \
; but with additional lower fore-&-aft sail on
f. Teut.] gaff & boom to mainmast, [abbr. of brigan-
bpi'degpoom, n. Alan at or soon before or tine, f. which the type of ship was developed]
after his marriage. [OE had brydguma (guma briga'de l, n. Subdivision of army, varying
man cf. L homo) com.-Teut. guma becoming in different countries & times; organized or
;

obs. in ME, perh. groom was substituted by uniformed band of workers (Boys', Church,
mistake but as there is more than a century's &c, B., organizations on military model for
;

gap between instances of the old & new form, disciplining & occupying boys &c). [F, f. It.
the latter may be independent = bride lad brigata company (brigare brawl f. LL briga
(bride in 15th & 16th cc. being of either sex)] strife) ; see -ade]
bPi'desmaid, n. Unmarried woman (usu. briga'de 2 v.t. Form into b. , or bb. ; join
one of several) attending bride at wedding. (regiment &c) with others into a b. [f. prec]
\earlier briclemaid, altered when the attrib. bpigadiep', (fully B.-General).
n. Officer
sense of bride was missed] commanding brigade (local or temporary rank
bri'desman, n. Bridegroom's attendant, between major-general &
colonel), [-ier]
best man. [earlier brideman, cf. prec] bpi'gand, Bandit, robber. n.Hence or
bri'dewell, n. House of correction, gaol. cogn. bpi'gand age(3), bPi'gandis.M(2), nn.,
[St. Bride's Well, near the London b.] bpi'gandisn a. [ME f. OF,
i prob. f. It. bri-

bridge (northern form, in writers for

1
, n. gante (brigare see brigade 1 )]
local colour, brig). Structure carrying road bpi'gantine (-en), n. Two-masted vessel
or path across stream, ravine, road, &c. (6. of with square-sailed fore-mast & fore-&-af t main-
boats, over boats moored abreast b. of gold, ; mast, [f. F brigandin (now -tin) i. It. brigan-
golden b., easy retreat provided for beaten tino perh. = skirmisher cf. prec]
enemy) (Naut.) platform amidships for officer
;
bright 1 (-it), a. Emitting or reflecting much
in command upper bony part of nose mov-
; ; light, shining lit up with joy, hope, &c. vivid
; ;

able piece over which violin strings are (b. red &c); illustrious; vivacious, quick-
stretched (Billiards) support for cue formed
;
witted, (often iron.). Hence bpigh'tEN« v.t.
& i., bPigh'tiSH i (2) a., bpigh'tLY 2 adv.,
with left hand; b.-head, fortification protecting
end. of b. towards enemy b.-train, Mil. En- bPigh'tNESS n. [OE beorht com.-Teut., but
; ;

gineers with material for building floating now lost exc in E, f. OTeut. berhtoz f. Aryan
bridges. Hence bPi'dgeLESS a. [OE brycg bhrag- cf. Lfiagrare]
com.-Teut. cf. G briicke] bright 2 adv. = brightly (shine b., b.-beam- ,

bridge 2 v.t. Span as, with, or as with, a b. ing, &c). [OE beorhte with adv. -e now lost;
,

[OE brycgian see prec] see prec]

bridge 3 n. Card-game of Russian origin re- Bpight's disease, n. Granular degenera-
,

sembling whist, in which each player in turn tion of the kidneys. [Dr R. Bright, 1827]
looks on while his exposed hand is played by brill, n. Flat-fish resembling turbot. [?]
his partner. [?] bpi'lliarrt^a. Bright, sparkling; illustrious,
bPi'dle l , n. Head -gear of harness, including striking; talented, showy. Hence fopi'lli-
head-stall, bit, & rein (give horse the b., lay ance, bPi'lliANCV, nn., bpi'lliantLY 2 adv.
b. on his neck, abandon control horse going ; F brillant part, of briller
[f. shine referred to
well up to b., willing goer) restraint, curb ; LL *berillare (beryl)]
(Naut.) mooring - cable (Physiol.) ligament *, bPi'lliant 2, n. Diamond of finest cut and
checking motion of a part b.-bridge, -path, ; brilliance shape has two horizontal tables,
(b.
-road, &c, fit for riders but not for vehicles. joined by facets), [f. F as prec. used as n.]
[OE briclel f. bregdan twitch see braid 2 + bri'lliantine (-en), n. Cosmetic for hair,
-le(D] [f. F brillantine see brilliant
1
+ -ine 4]
bpi'dle 2, v.t. & i. Put bridle on (horse &c.) brim \ n. Edge or lip of cup, bowl, or hol-
curb, hold in, bring under control express ; low; projecting edge of hat; b.-full, to the b.
offence, vanity, &c, by throwing up. head & Hence bPi'itiLESS, brimmED 2 , aa. [ME
drawing in chin (often b. up). [OE bridlian brimme etym. dub. ; cf. G
brd?ne]
see prec] brim 2 , v.t. & i. Fill, be full, to the b. (lit. &
bpidoo'n, n. Snaffle & rein of military fig.) ; b. prec]
over, overflow, [f.

bridle, [f. F bridon (bride 2 -oon)] , bpi'mmep, n. Full cup. [brim 2 + -er 1 ]
brief 1 , n. Pope's letter on matter of discip- bPi'mstone (-on), n. (Old name for) sulphur
 ;; ;;

BRINDLED 103 BROAD

& treacle, nursery
(b. medicine) fuel of hell-; Wales, & Scotland, the British Empire North ;
fire ; b. butterfly, moth, sulphur -coloured B., Scotland Greater B. (descriptive or
;

species.Hencebri*mstonY 2 a. [ME(bernen, rhetorical, not official), Gt B. & the colonies.

brinnen, burn 2 4- stone)] [ME Bretayne f. OF Bretaigne f. L Brittannia
bri'ndled, bri'ndle, a. Brownish or tawny or Brittania (L Britannia would have pro-
with streaks of other colour, [earlier brinded duced F bri- breaigne)]
(pern, p.p. of a possible vb brenden f. brand 1 Brita'nnia, n. Personification of Britain
B.-metal, alloy of tin & regulus of antimony
;
burning) has been ousted by brindled (perh.
with dim. sense) f. which brindle is perh. ; resembling silver. [L Britannia, Brittannia,
a mistaken back-formation] Brittania, = Gk Brettania f. Brittanni or
brine ', n. Salt water the sea tears (poet. ; ; ) Brittani = Gk Brettanoi]
b.-pan, iron vessel or shallow pit for getting Brita'nnic, a. Of Britain (chiefly in phr.
salt by evaporation. Hence bri'ny 2 a. [OE His B. Majesty), [prob. f. F britannique f. L
bryne etym. dub. cf. Du. brijn] ; Britannicus]
brine % v.t. Steep or pickle in, or wet with, brrtieism, n. = Britishism. [U.S. wd,
b. [f. prec] non-existent Britic + -ism (4)]
bring", v.t. & i. (brought, pr. -awt). Cause Bri'tish, a. Of the ancient Britons: of
to come, come with or conveying whether by Great Britain or its inhabitants (esp. in politi-
carrying, leading, impelling, or attracting, cal or imperial connexion, & in botany &c)
(take expresses the corresponding notions with the B.,B. soldiers, people, &c. [OE Brettisc f.
go for come) ; cause, result in ; prefer (charge), Bret Briton see -ish ] ] ;

adduce (argument) b. home to, convict or con- ; Bri'tisher, n. Native of Great Britain (as
vince of b. into xcorld, give birth to ; cause to
; opposed to American), [prob. a U.S. wd cf. ;

become (b. low) b. to pass, cause to happen

; ; foreigner, -er 1 ]
persuade (cannot b. myself to believe). B. bri'tishism, n. Idiom used in Gt Britain
about, cause to happen, reverse (ship) ; 6. back, & not in U.S. &c [-ism (1)]
call to mind b. clown, kill or wound, cause
; Bri'ton, n. One of the race found by Romans-,
penalty to alight on, abase, lower (price), con- in S. England native of Great Britain or the
;

. tinue (record) to a point, (Theatr.) b. d. the British Empire (poet., melodramatic, &c.)
house, elicit tumultuous applause ; b. forth, North B., Scotsman. [ME & F breton f. L.
give birth to, cause ; b. forward, carry sum of Brittonem nom. Britto, f. the native name,
page's figures to next page ; b. in, introduce which displaced Brittanni after the Roman
(custom), realize as profit, adduce, pronounce conquest]
(guilty, not rescue from wreck &c,
g.) ; b. off, bri'ttle, a. Apt to break, fragile. Hence
conduct (enterprise) to success; b. on, lead to, bri'ttleNESS n. [ME britul cf. OE breotan.
cause discussion of b. oxit, express, exhibit ; break]
clearly, introduce (girl) to society, publish ; b. bri'tzka, -tzska, (-Itska), n. Open car-
over, convert ; b. round, restore to conscious- riage with calash top space for declining, &
ness; b. through, save (sick person); 6. to, [f. Pol. bryczka dim. of bryka wagon]
check motion of, come to a stop, restore to brize (-ez). = breeze K
consciousness ; b. under, subdue ; 6. up, broach 1
(-otsh), n. Roasting-spit church ;
educate, rear, sue in court, anchor (ship), come spire risi ng from tower without parapet; boring-
to a stop, call attention again to, continue bit. [ME & F
broche = It. brocca cf. L brocci
(accounts &c.) to a further point; b. up the dentes projecting teeth var. of brooch] ;

rear, come last. [com.-Teut. cf. G bringen] broach , v.t. Pierce (cask) to draw liquor,
2
brink, n. Edge of steep place or abyss (on begin drawing (liquor) begin discussion of, ;

6. of grave, soon to die) ; border of water, esp. moot, (subject), [f. prec]
when steep (shiver on the b., hesitate to plunge); broach 3, v.t. & (Usu. b. to) veer or cause
i.
verge (of discovery, ruin, eternity, Sec). [ME, (ship) to veer & present side to wind & waves.
prob. f. Scand., cf. Da. brink precipice] > obs. use of prec
perh. f. = turn on the spit]
bri'o (-eo), n. Vivacity. [It.] broad(-awd), a., n., & adv. Large across,
brique'tte, brrquet, (k), n. Block of wide, not narrow; = in breadth (6ft b.) ex- ;
compressed coal-dust. [F (-ette), dim. of brique tensive (6. lands); full, clear, main, explicit,
brick] (b. daylight, facts, distinction,- hint) coarse ;
brisk , a. Active, lively, (usu. of move-
1
(b. story) downright in sound, not mincing,
;

ment; pace, trade, unnd, &c.) enlivening,

b. ; (b. Yorkshire, Scotch); generalized (b. rule);
keen, (champagne, air, &c. ). Hence bri'skLv 2 tolerant (B. Church, churchmen favouring
adv., bri'skNESS n. [f. 16th c, perh. f. W. comprehension & not pressing doctrines);
brisg quick - footed cf. Olr. brisc brittle, or bold in effect or style as b. as it is long, in- ;

perh.=F brusque] different b. arrow

; broadcloth, fine plain- ;

brisk 2 v.t. & Make

, i. or become b. (usu. wove double-width dressed black cloth [phr. in
with up), [f. prec] Act of Pari. 1182 kept as name for quality
bri'sket, n. Breast of animals (esp. as rather than width] 6. gauge b.-glass, win- ; ;
joint of meat), [etym. dub. ; there is F brechet dow-glass broadsheet, large sheet of paper
;
in same sense] printed on one side only broadside, ship's ;

bri'stle 1 n. One of stiff hairs on hog's

(-isl), side above water between bow quarter &
back & short stiff hair of other ani-
sides ; (broadside on, to, with this presented), (dis-
mals, man's short-cropped beard, or plants charge of) all guns on one side of ship, also
set tip one's, another's, bb., show or rouse tem- = broadsheet b.-silk, -weaver, (of) silk in piece
;

per. Hence bri'stlv 2 (-isli), bri'stlED 2 aa. , not in ribbons broadsword, b.-bladed cutting-
;
[ME brustel f. OE byrst & see -le(1) ; f. sword. (Noun) the b. part (6. of the back) (E. ;
OTeut. bors-] Anglia) large piece of fresh water formed by
bri'stle 2, v.i. & t.
(Cause to) stand upright widening of river. (Adv.) = broadly (speak b.,
(hair &c), raise or rise like bb. or into rough- b. aicake) ; b.-blown, in full bloom broa'dcast, ;
ness, (often with up) show temper, prepare for ; a., adv., & v.t., (of seed) scattered over surface
fight; be thickly set with hair, difficulties &c. (not in drills or rows), (sow) in this manner,
[f. prec] (also fig. of pamphlets, spies, &c). Hence
Bri'tain (-Itn), n. (Also Great B.) England, broa'dEN 6 v.t. & i., broa'dLY 2 broa'd- ,
 ;

BROADNESS 104 BROTHER

ways, broa'dwiSE, advv. [OE brad, com.- sedative. Hence bro*miZE(5) v.t.,bro*miSM(5)
Teut. cf. G breit] n. If. F brome f. Gk bromos stink + -ine 5 ]
broa'dness, n. (Superseded by breadth, brdmo-, brom-, comb, forms of bromine as
exc. in sense) indelicacy (of speech), [-ness] in bi*omobenzoic, bromacetic. [-o-]
Bpo'bding-nag-, n. Land of giants. Hence bro'nchi, bro'nchia (-k-), nn. pi. (Form -i,
brobding'na'g'iAN (-ag-) a. [Swift, Gulliver's with sing, -us) two main divisions of windpipe
Travels] (-ia) ramifications of these in lungs. Hence
broea'de 1
, n. Fabric woven with raised bPO'nehiAL a., bro'nehio-, bro'neho-,
patterns ; Indian cloth of gold & silver, [f. comb, forms, broneho'TOMiST, -tomv, nn.
Sp. &Port, brocado- It. broccato cf. broach 1 [L, f. Gk brogkhos, brogkhia]
& see -ade] bponehrtis (-k-), n. Inflammation of bron-
broea'de 2, v.t. Work with raised pattern. chial mucous membrane. Hence bronehi'tic
{f. prec] a. [prec. + -itis]
bro*e(e)oli, n. Cultivated cabbage with bro'nehoeele (-sel), n. Swelling of thyroid
edible flower head, hardy variety of cauli- gland, goitre, [f. Gk brogkhokele (broncho-,
flower. [It., pi. of broccolo cabbage-top dim. of -cele)]
broeco see broach l ] bro'nco, n. Wild or half-tamed horse of
brochure (-o'shoor, or as F), n. Stitched California &c [Sp., = rough]
booklet, pamphlet. [F] bronze 1
, n. & a. Brown alloy chiefly of
brock, n.stinking fellow. [OE
Badger ; copper and tin (about 8:1); work of art made
broc f. Celt. cf. Gk jihorkos grey] of this; colour of b.; hence bro'nzv 2 a. (Adj.)
bro'eket, n. Second-year stag with straight made of, coloured like, b. [F, f. It. bronzo,
horns, [f. F brocart (broche broach 1 + -ard)] bronzino, f. L (aes) Brundusinum (brass) of
brogue 1 (-6g), n. Rude Irish & Scotch- Brundusium]
Highland shoe of untanned leather; fishing- bronze 2 , v.t. & i. Give b.-like surface to;
bb., waterproof leggings with feet; nailed & make or become brown, tan. [f. prec]
goloshed shoe for golf &c. [f. Gael. & Ir. brog brooch (-otsh), n. Ornamental, jewelled, &c,
f. Olr. broce shoe perh. f. OCelt. bracca whence safety pin for fastening some part of female
L braccae see breech] dress^ esp. the neck. [ME broche = broach l ]
brogue 2 (-6g), n. Dialectal, esp. Irish, brood J , n. Hatch of young birds or other
accent. [etym. dub.; perh. ^speech of those egg-produced animals (usu. contempt.) human ;

who wear the brogue 1 ] family, children swarm, crew, of men, ;

broi'der, v.t.,broi*dery,n. (Poet. & archaic animals, or things brood-, for breeding (b.- ;

for) embroider(y). mare, -hen). [OE brod cf. G brut f. Teut. vb

bpoil *, n. Quarrel, tumult, [f. obs. vb broil root bro- warm]
mix, quarrel, F
brouiller cf. It. broglio n.
f. bpood 2 , v.i. Sit as hen on eggs; hang close
hurly-burly, &
brogliare v., etym. dub.] over or on (of night &c) meditate on or over
;

broil ," v.t. &i. Cook (meat) or be cooked

2
(esp. insults, &c); meditate (often
ill designs,
on fire or gridiron ; make, be, very hot (of per- sullenly), prec ] [f.
son in sun &c). [etym. dub. ; the form brule, broo'dy, a. Wishing to sit or incubate (of
common before loOO, may be assim. to F bruler hen). Hence broo'dixESS n. [brood 1 +-y 2 ]
burn] brook ', n. Small stream broo'klime, kind ;

broil 3 , n. Broiled meat. [f. prec] of Speedwell common in ditches [OE hleomoc
broke n. Short-stapled wool on certain name of the plant]. Hence broo'kLET n. [OE
!,
parts of fleece. [OE broc brecan break] broc cf. G bruch moor, marsh etym. dub.]
f. ;

broke 2 p.p. of break, still often used in brook 2 v.t. Put up with, tolerate, (in neg.
, ,
some spec, senses, as = ruined (esp., slang, context). [OE briican com.-Teut., cf. G brau- ;

stony-b. ), & dismissed the service. chejiuse, OTeut. bruk- use cf. Lfrui/7^uct-]
f.
bro'ken, a. In vbl senses of break also x
; broom, n., & v.t. Yellow-flowered shrub
oresp., b. meat Sec, remains; &. tea, siftings; growing on sandy banks &c genus to which ;

b.water, choppy b. ground, uneven b. sleep,

; ; it belongs; sweeping-implement usu. on long
intermittent b. weather, uncertain b. English,
; ; handle (vb, sweep with this); new b., newly
imperfect 6. numbers, fractions ; b. money,
; appointed official eager to sweep away abuses ;

small change; b. -hearted, crushed by grief; broo'mrajie, genus of parasitic herbs on roots
b.-winded, (of horse) incapacitated for hard of broom &c (brown, leafless, fleshy-stemmed,
work by ruptured air-cells, [p.p. of break] bracteate) [med. L rapum root-knob] ; b.-stick,
bro'kenly, adv. Spasmodically, by jerks, handle of b. [OE brom f OTeut. brxmoz thorny .

with breaks, [prec. + -ly 2

] shrub whence bramble]
bro'ker, n. Dealer in second-hand furniture brose (-6z), n. Dish of oatcake with boiling
&c. middleman in bargains agent, commis-
; ; water or milk poured on it. [- brewis]
sioner person licensed to sell or appraise
;
broth (-aw-, -6-), n. Water in which some-
distrained goods. Hence bro'kerAGE(4) n. thing, esp. meat, has been boiled, thin soup ;

[ME & AF brocour f. L *broccatorem nom. -or (Irish) b. of a boy, good fellow. [com.-Teut. f.
(see -or 2) broacher (broach 1
) of cask, retailer vb root bru- boil, brew,+-th ] ]

of wr ine] bro'thel, n. House of ill fame, bawdy-house,

bpo'klng, n. Brokers trade, acting as [orig. = ruined man f. OE brothen p.p. of
broker, [f. obs. vb broke cf. prec] brbothan go to ruin, but confused with bordel
bro'mal, n. Compound produced by action cabin, hut, f. OF f. It. bordello (med. L borda
of bromine on alcohol, [brom(ine) + at- of f. Teut. bord board)]
alcohol] bro'ther (-u-), n. (pi. brothers & in some
bro'mie, a. Containing bromine in chem. senses bre'thren, see below). Son of same
combination. Hence bro'ixiATE (3) T
n. [bro- parents or (strictly half-b.) parent as another
mine, -ic] person (the latter usu. specified by my Sec. or a
brd'mide, n. Compound (see -ide) of brom- possessive case pi. abbr. Bros, in title of firm,
;

potassium, [foil. + -ide]

ine, esp.^b. of as Smith Bros &
Co.); close friend; fellow
brd'mme, n. Non-metallic element re- citizen, countryman, or man, equal, (a man &
sembling chlorine (poisonous dark liquid with a b., esp. of negro slaves) fellow-member of
;

rank smell) used in various preparations as religious society (pi. brethren) fellow-member ;
 ;; ;;

BROTHERHOOD 105 BRYONY

of guild, order, profession, &c. (pi. brethren) ; counterfeit, cheap & showy, [allusion to coun-
official of certain companies &c. (Elder B., terfeit groats made there in 17th c, &
to its
Brethren, of Trinity House) ; companion, asso- plated goods]
ciate, (pi. brothers) often with specification as bru'mous (-oo-), a. Wintry, foggy, [f L
6. in arms, of the angle member of religious ; bruma = brevima shortest day f. brevis) + -ous]
(

order (as title ; either pi.) ; vocative of sove- brune'tte (-oo), n. & a. Dark-skinned &
reigns to each other ; b. german, on both sides, brown-haired (woman). [F, fern, of brunet dim.
b. uterine, of same mother only ; b.-in-laiv, b. of brun brown i see -etteJ
of one's husband or wife, husband of one's Bru'nswiek, a. From B. in Germany ; esp.,
sister. Hence bro'therLESS a., bro'ther- B. line, of Eng. sovereigns from George I. B.
like a. & adv., bro'thePLY 1 2 a. & adv.,
;
, black, a varnish, [f. G Braunschweig]
bro'therliNESS n. [Aryan OE brothor cf. G ; brunt, n. Chief stress (usu. of the attack
bruder, Skr. bhratr, Gk phrater, L frater, &c, & in phr. bear the 6. of), [etym. dub.
W brawd]
bro'therhood, n. Fraternal tie com-
thereis ON bruna to advance like fire]
brush \ n. (Archaic & U.S., Austral.,
;
&c.|
panionship (members of) association
; brushwood or underwood, thicket, small trees
for
mutual help &c. community of feeling. ; & shrubs
growing or (in U.S.) cut in fagots;
[OP]
brotherred ME brotherhede -hode ; see -head] implement of bristles, hair, wire, &c, set in
brougham (-oom, -oo'am), n. One-horse wood &c. for scrubbing or sweeping bunch of ;
closed carriage. [Lord B.J hairs &c. in straight handle, quill, &c, for
brought. See bring. painting &c. ; the 6., art of painting, 6.,
brow », n. Arch of hair over eye (usu. in pi. painter's style, painter (from the same 6.); tail,
knit, bend, one's 66., frown) forehead edge, ; ; esp. of fox; b.-like tuft; (Electr.) b.-like dis-
projection, of cliff &c, top of hill in road. charge of sparks, piece of metal ending in
Hence -browED a. [OE bru f. OTeut. brits
2 wires or strips securing good metallic con-
cf. Skr. bhrus, Gk ophrus] nexion ; (Optics) bright or dark figure with
brow 2, n. (naut.). Gangway, inclined plane vague edge ; application of b., brushing, esp.
of planks, [perh. f. Da. bru bridge] 6. up, [f. foil.] short smart encounter, skir-
;

browbeat, v.t. Bully, bear down, with mish, graze, abrasion, [f. foil.] b.-pencil, ;

looks & words, [brow 1 ] artist's colour-b. ; brushwood, undergrowth,

brown 1 , a. Of the colour given by mixing
orange & black or by toasting bread as dis-
tinctive epithet of species &c. (6. bear, ivilloiv;
b. coal, lignite ; 6. bread, of unbolted flour
paper, coarse unbleached kind used for parcels
&c. ; 6. sugar, half refined 6. ware, common
sort of pottery) dark-skinned, tanned (slang);
do 6., take in, cheat; B. Bess, old army flint-
lock musket ; 6. study, reverie. Hence
browniSH 1
(2) a.,
com.-Teut. cf. G braun f. OTeut. brunoz, Aryan
bhrunos, root bhru- cf. beaver; Rom. wds, as
F brun, It. bruno, adopted f. the Teut.]
brown 2, n. B. colour b. pigment (ellipt.
for) b. butterfly, fishing-fly, clothes;
copper coin. [f. prec]
brown 3 , i. Make or become b. by
v.t.
roasting, sunburn, or (gun-barrel &c.) chemical
process, [f. brown 2 ]
brownie, n. Benevolent shaggy goblin
haunting house and doing household work
secretly, [brown + -y 3 ]
browse (-z), n. Twigs, young shoots, &c,
1
as fodder for cattle act of browsing, [foil.]
browse 2 (-z), v.i. & Feed on, crop, (leaves,
twigs, scanty vegetation) (abs.) feed thus. [f.
16th-c. F brouster vb, broust n. (now brout), f.
Teut., cf. OSax. brxistian see breast]
Bru'in, n. (Personifying name for) bear.
[MDu., = brown \ name in Reynard the Fox]
bruise * (-ooz), n.
thicket; b.-xoork, painter's (style of) manipu-
; lation. Hence bru*shv 2 n. [(sense b.-wood)
ME brusche f. OF brosse, broce, (other senses)
6. ; ME brusshe f. OF brosse, broisse whether ;
6roce & broisse are identical in etym., and f.
; Teut, (cf. G borste bristle, bilrste brush), is
; uncertain]
brush 2 , v.t. i. &
Move briskly, esp. by,
through, against ; sweep or scrub clean, put in
brownNESS n. [OE brun order, with b. ; 6. tip, furbish, (fig.) renew one's
memory of ; 6. over, paint lightly ; graze or
touch in passing ; remove (dust &c.) with b.
6. away (fig.), ignore, pass over; injure by
; ; grazing, [partly f. prec, perh. partly f. F
(slang) brosser dash through underwood (brosse
brushwood)]
& brusque ( -dbsk, -usk), a. Blunt, off-hand,
(of or in manner, speech). Hence bru'squeLY-
adv., bru*squeNESS,brusquerie* (obskere)
[-ery], nn. [F, f. It. brusco sour, etym. dub.]
Bru'ssels, a. Made or grown at, or adopted
l
from, B., as B. carpet, lace, sproxds (edible
buds of kind of cabbage).
; bru'tal, a. Sensual, rude, coarse, savagely
t. cruel. Hence bru'taliSM(2), bruta'liTY, nn.,
; bru'talLY 2 adv. [f L brxdus brute+ -al]
bru'talize, v.t.&i. Make (rarely grow) brut-
al. Hence bru*talizA*TiON n. [prec+-rzE(3)J
brute, a. & n. (Beast) not gifted with
reason; stupid, sensual, unspiritual, beastlike,
Injury by blow to body cruel, or passionate (person .Sc in same adj. ;

(also to fruit^cc.) discolouring skin. [f. foil.] senses of acts, motives, &c) unconscious, ;

bruise 2 (-ooz), v.t,

&i. Injure by blow that merely material, (6. force, matter) lower ;
discolours skin without breakingitor any bone, animal lower nature in man. Hence bru'te-
;

contuse, (human or animal body, also fruit, hood n., brufiSH^l) a., bru'tishLY 2 adv.,
plant, &c); dint, batter, (wood, metal); (fig.) bru'tishNESs n., bru'tiFY v.t., bru'tiFicA*-
disable pound, bray, grind small (Hunting)
; ; tion n. [f. F brut f. L brutus dull]
ride recklessly (with easily &c.) show effects
; bru'tum fu'lmen, n. Empty threat, blank
of blow. [OE brysan crush combined w. AF cartridge (fig.). [L]
bruser (now bnser) break perh. f. Teut.] Bru'tus, n. Style of wig (19th cent.). [F
brui'ser, n. In vbl senses esp., prize- ; name jn honour of Roman hero]
fighter. [-ER 1
] bryo'logist, -logy, nn. Person learned in,
bruit 1 (-oot), n. (archaic). Report, rumour. the lore of, mosses. [Gk bruon kind of seaweed
[F,= noise (bruire roar perh. f. L rugire)] 4- -logist, -logy]
bruit 2 (-oot), v.t. (archaic). Spread (report) bry'ony, n. Genus of climbing plants; Red
a6road,a6ou£,niakefamous,celebrate. [f. prec] or White B., common species ; Black B., Bas-
Bpu'mmagem, n. & a. (Dial. & contempt, tard B., plants resembling but not belonging
form of) Birmingham; (article) made at B., to the genus, [f. L f. Gk bruonia (bruo swell)]
 ;; ;;

BUBBLE 106 BUFFER

bu'bble , n. Spherical or hemispherical en-
1 about, (with to adv.) get to work, start vigor-
velope of liquid enclosing air &c. air-filled ; ously (cause to) give way, crumple up, under
;

cavity in solidified liquid, as glass, amber longitudinal pressure (t. & i. of wheel, saw, &c).
unsubstantial or visionary project, enterprise, [f. prec. the last sense perh. f. F boucler bulge]
;

&c (also adj. in this sense); sound or appear- bu'ekler, n., & v.t. Small round shield usu.
ance of boiling b.-&-squeak, cold meat fried; held by handle protection, protector, (vb, pro- ;

with chopped vegetables. Hence bu'bblY 2 a. tect) also technically in various naut., zool.,
;

[f. foil.] & anat. senses, [f. OF boucler (now bouclicr)

bu'bble 2 , v.i. & t. Send up, rise in, make f. L *buccularius f. buccula buckle *, -er 2 (2)]

the sound of, bb. (lit., & fig. as b. over, or b., xoith bu'ekram, n. & a. Coarse linen or cloth
laughter, wrath); delude (archaic), [prob. stiffened with gum or paste stiffness, stiff, (of ;

imit. of sound of bursting bubbles, or of the manner) strong, strength, in appearance only
;

action of lips in making one cf. bleb, ; men in b., b. men, non-existent (1 Hen. IV, n.
blubber] iv. 210-50). [f. OF boquerant or It. bucherame
bu'bbly-joek, n. Turkey-cock, [bubbly etym. dub.]
(bubble )+ Jock = Jack]1 bu'ekwheat, n. A cereal plant with seed
bu'bo, n. (pi. -oes). Inflamed swelling in used for horse and poultry food, & in U.S. for
glandular part, esp. groin or armpit. Hence breakfast cakes. [ - beech loheat, from its
bubd'nic a. [LL, f. Gk bonbon groin], three-cornered seeds like beechmast; either
bub.o'noeele, n. Hernia of groin, [prec, transl. of Du. bockweit or made on obs. buck-
-cele] mast = beechmast]
buccaneer*, n., & v.i. (Be a) sea-rover, bueo'lie, a. n. Of shepherds, pastoral, &
pirate, esp. of the Spanish-American coasts ; rustic (usu. pi.) pastoral poems (the Bb., those
;

adventurer. Hence bueeaneer'iSH ]

a. [f. F of Virgil). Hence bueo'liCALLV adv. [f. L f.
boucanier hunter of oxen (boucan barbecue- Gk boukolikos f. boukolos herdsman (bous
frame Brazilian wd)] cow, kol- cf. L colere tend)]
bu'eeinator Flat thin cheek-
(buks-), n. bud 1
, n. Rudiment of branch, leaf-cluster,
muscle. [L (buccinare blow the trumpet f. or flower; flower not fully open(Zool.) animal ;

buccina, -tor)] forming by gemmation, anything still un-

Buee'phalus, n. Riding-horse (facet.), developed; in b., putting forth buds; nip in
{charger of Alexander of Macedon] the b., destroy at early stage (fig.). Hence
buck 1
, Male
of fallow-deer, reindeer,
n. bu'dLESS a., bu'dLET n. [ME budde, boddc,
chamois, antelope, hare, rabbit dandy (also ; etym. dub.]
=
oldb., vocative old fellow), whence bu'ekiSH 1 bud 2, v.i. & t. Put forth bb. t spring forth ;

a., bu'ekishLV 2 adv. ; b.-horn, as material begin to grow; (Zool.) produce, be produced,
for knife handles &c. (also buck-, as buck- by gemmation (Gardening) ingraft (trans, or ;

handled) ; b.-hound, small variety of stag- abs.) into alien stock, [f. prec]
hound (not now used for hunting) ; b.-shot, bu'dded, p.p. In vbl senses; esp., that has
•coarse shot (b.-shot rule, in Ireland, by armed budded, is in bud. [-ed j (2)]
•constabulary) buckskin, (leather made of) b.'s
; Buddha (bdb da), n. The Enlightened, -

skin, (pi.) breeches of it ; b.-tooth, one that pro- title of successive teachers past & future of
jects. [OE buc &
bucca, cf. G bock he-goat; the Asiatic religion bu*ddhiSM(3) (bob'di-) n.,
F bouc, W bwch, are
f. the Teut.]
&
but applied esp. to Sakyamuni. Gautama, or
buck 2 , (Of horse) jump vertically
v.i. t. Siddartha (5th c. B.C., in N. India). Hence
with back arched feet drawn together (also & bu'ddhisr(2) n. & a., buddhrstic(AL) aa.
b.-jump, whence bu'ckjumpER 1 n.); b. off, budh awake]
[Skr., p.p. of
throw (rider) thus. Hence bu'ckER'n. [f. prec] budge, v.i. & t. Make the slightest move-
buck 3 , v.i. & t. (slang). (With itp) make ment, force to do this, (in neg. sentences), [f.
haste, become or make vigorous or cheerful, F bouger stir perh. (cf. Pr. bolegar) -It. buli-
(esp. intr. in imperat.). [perh. buck in sense care f. LL bullicare frequent, of bullire boil]
f. 1

dandy] bu'dget, n. Contents of a bag or bundle

buck 4
, n. Basket for trapping eels. [?] (mostly fig., esp. of news, & as title of news-
buck 5 , Body of cart (chiefly in comb, as
n. papers) annual estimate of revenue & ex-
;

b.-board, b.-cart, in various local senses), penditure by Chancellor of Exchequer in

[perh. f. obs. bouk belly cf. bulk n.] House of Commons private person's similar ;

bu'ek-bean, n. Water plant with pinkish estimate. Hence bu'dg-etARY l a. [f. F

racemes, [transl. (1578) of Flern. bocks boonen bougette dim. of bouge leather bag f. L bulga
goat's beans] (f. Gallic) knapsack]
bu'eket 1
, n. Wooden or other vessel for buff & a. (Of) stout velvety dull-yellow
1
, n.
drawing or carrying water piston of pump ; leather of buffalo or ox-hide the human skin ;

compartment of water-wheel, scoop of dredg- (in b., naked) (of) dull-yellow colour (the Buffs,
;

ing-machine or grain-elevator socket for whip, ; East Kent Regt, f. former colour of facings)
carbine, wooden leg, &c. ; kick the b., die (but (Path.) coagulated coating on blood drawn
perh. f. obs. bucket beam, yoke) 6. -shop, (chiefly ; from fever patients, whence bu'ffy 2 a. b.-coat, ;

U.S.) office for gambling in stocks, speculating -jerkin, formerly worn by soldiers as proof
on markets, &c. [accidental; story connected against sword-cut b. -stick, -icheel, polishing ;

with elevator of office first so called]. Hence tools covered Avith b. ; b.-tip, kind of moth. [f.
bu'cketFUL(2) n. [perh. f. OE bite pitcher, or F buffle buffalo]
f. OF buket tub] buff 2 v.t. Polish
, (metal) with b. make ;

bu'eket 2, v.i. & t. Ride hard (horse, or abs.) (leather) velvety like b. [f. prec]
(Rowing) hurry the forward swing, row hurried bu'ffalo, n. Kinds of ox (Bos bubalus,
stroke, [f. prec., cf. pump = exhaust] India, Asia, Europe, N. Africa Bos caffer, ;

bu'ekle l , n. Metal rim with hinged spiked S. Africa incorrectly, American bison), [prob.
;

tongue for securing strap, ribbon, &c. [f. F f. Port, biifalo, f. L f. Gk boubalos antelope]
boucle f. L bxLCCula cheek-strap (bucca cheek, bu'ffer 1
, n. Apparatus for deadening by
see -ule)] springs or padding, or sustaining by strength
bu'ekle 2, v.t, i. &
Fasten with b. (often up, of beams &c, a concussion, esp. of railway
on, Sec); b. to (with to prep.) prepare for, set vans b. State, small State between two large
;
 ;;; ;;

BUFFER 107 BULL

ones diminishing chance of hostilities, [f. obs. for loan to members when needing house.
vb buff (prob. imit. of sound made by soft body [-ING 1 ]
struck, cf. puff F bouffer) + -ER l ] & bulb 1
, n. Nearly spherical underground
bu'ffeP 2, n. (slang). (Usu. old b.) old- stem of lily, onion, &c, sending roots down-
fashioned or incompetent fellow, [etym. dub. wards & leaves &c. upwards leaf-bud detach- ;

Wyclif's Bible has it = stammerer—' the tunge ing itself from stem & becoming separate
•
of bufferes swiftli shal speke '] plant; (Anat.) roundish swelling of any cylin-
bu'ffet 1 , n., v.t, i. &
(Strike with) blow & drical organ, as of hair-root or spinal cord
of the hand (of fate &c.) knock, hurt, plague ;
;
dilated part of glass tube (b.-tubc, ending in
contend Avith (waves) contend with. IOF, dim. ; ab.). Hence bulbED 2 bulbi'FEROus, bu*l- ,

of buffe blow (also in obs. E buff cf. blind *- biFORM, aa., bulbo- comb. form. [f. L bulbus
man's-b.)] f.Gk bolbos onion]
bu'ffet 2, Sideboard, recessed cup-
n. 1. bulb 2 v.i. Swell, into bulb(s). [f. prec]
board, for china, plate, &c. 2. (pr. boo'fa, or bu'lbous, a. Of, having, like, springing
as F) refreshment bar. [F, etym. dub. sense 2 ; from, a bulb, [bulb 2 + -ous]
of later introduction than 1 there is also ; bulbul (bob'lbdbl), n. Eastern song-thrush
biiff'et stool, hassock, (obs. exc in dial. & in
;
singer, poet. [Pers. f. Arab.]
Little Miss Muffet sat on a &.)] bulge ]
, n. Convex part, irregular swelling,
buffo (bob to), n. & a. Burlesque, comic, tendency to swell out, on flat or flatter surface ;
(actor). [It.] = bilge. Hence bulgv 2 a., bu'lgiNESs n.
buffoo'n, n., & v.i. (Play the) wag, jester, [ME, f. OF boulge, bouge, (or direct) f. L bulga
mocker. Hence buffoo'nERV(i) n. [f. F buffon see budget]
f. It. buffone (buffa, jest, buffare to puff), -oon] bulge 2 v.i. & t. Swell outwards irregularly ,

bug*, n. Flat ill-smelling blood-sucking insect & usu. faultily ; extend (bag &c.) by stuffing it.
infesting beds (loosely).small insect (often with
; [f. prec]
denning word as harvest, May, -b. b.-hunter ; bu'lger, n. (golf). Convex-faced brassy or
&c, entomologist). Hence bu'ggv 2 a. [?] driver, [prec, -er 1 ]
bu'gaboo, bu'gbear, nn. Fancied object bu'limy, bulrmia, n. (Med.) morbid hun-
of fear ; false belief used to intimidate or dis- ger ; voracity (for books, &c). [f. Gk
(fig.)
suade, [etym. &
mutual relation doubtful boulimia ox- (i. c. vast) hunger (bous ox + limos
cf. bogy, bogle, & obs. bug Ih same sense] hunger); latinized bulimia now preferred in
bu'gg'er, n. (Law) sodomite, man having medical use]
unnatural intei'course with beast or man, bulk \ n. Cargo {break b., begin unloading
whence bu'ggERY^) n (in foul or low talk, ; b. not equal to samjjle in b., loose, not in ;

abusively orTiumorously) fellow, beggar, chap, package; load in b., put grain &c in loose;
beast, [f. F bougre f. L Bulgarus llth-c. heretic sell in &., in large quantities, as it is in the
from Bulgaria, supposed capable of any crime] hold) large shape, person, body size, magni-
; ;

bu'ggy, n. Light vehicle for one or two tude great size mass, large mass the greater
; ; ;

persons (esp. in U.S., India, colonies). [?] part or number [perh. f. *bnlki cargo,
of. ON
bu'gle 1
, n., & v.i. & t. Brass instrument but with the meanings also of obs. bouk OE
like small trumpet used for military signals bxic belly cf. G bauch]
(vb) sound b., sound (call) on b. Hence bu'gl- bulk 2
, v.i. & t. Seem in respect of size or
ER 1 n. [orig. hunting-horn, short for b.-horn f. importance (b. large, larger) ; b. up, form con-
obs.".& dial. &
OF bugle young bull f. L buculus siderable sum &c, amount to pile in heaps ;

dim. of bos bovis ox see cow] (fish) (Customs) ascertain weight of (tea &c)
;

bu'g-le 2 , n. Kinds of plant. [F, f LL bugula]
bu'gle 3 , n. Tube-shaped glass bead sewn on
dress &c. for ornament, [etym. dub. ; there is
Du. beugel ring]
bu'glet, n. Small (bicyclist's) bugle, [-et l ]
bu'gloss, n. Kinds of plant allied with
. by emptying out of chest, [f. prec]
bu'lkhead, n. Upright partition dividing
ship's cabins or water-tight compartments;
compartment, stall, [f. obs. bulk framework
before shop, stall, perh. f. ON balkr balk x ]
bu'lky, a. Large too large. Hence bu'lki- ;

borage. [f. F buglosse f. L buglossa f. Gk n. [bulk l -f- -y 2J

ness
bouglossos ox-tongued (bous, glossa), from bull ! (bobl), n. & a. Uncastrated male of ox
shape &roughness of leaves] or any bovine animal (b. in china shop, reck-
buhl (bool), n. a. (Inlaid with) brass, tor- & less or clumsy destroyer take b. by horns, ;

toise-shell, &c, cut in ornamental patterns for meet not evade difficulty) male of whale, ele- ;

inlaying. [Germanized f. Boule name of carver phant, & other large animals (usu. b. whale or
temp. Louis XIV] whale-b. &c); constellation & sign Taurus;
build ! (bi-), v.t. (built). Construct by putting (St. Exch.) person trying to raise prices (see
parts or material rightly together (house, ship, bear 1 ) ; that of a b. (b. head, neck,
(adj.) like
carriage, organ, engine, nest, or other structure voice; also operations on St. Exch.); bull-
b.
large relatively to the builder) ; (abs.) be busy calf, male calf, simpleton bulldog, powerful ;

making one's house or nest ; b. up, round, in, & courageous large-headed smooth-haired
surround (person, place, &c.) with houses &c, breed of dog, tenacious & courageous (person),
block up (with material as obj.) lay in(to wall
; University proctor's attendant, gun or pistol
&c.) in building; establish, make gradually, (esp. of a certain pattern), [f. use in b.-baiting,
(often with up ; system, empire, reputation) or f. its b. head] bullfight, Spanish sport of ;

base (hopes &c.) upon, rely upon built (with ; baiting b. with horsemen &c ; bullfinch,
receding adv.). of such & such a bujld 2 . strong-beaked handsome-plumaged songbird,
f
ME bidden f. OE bold dwelling f. OTeut. bu- also [perh. =6. fence, cf. minch dial, fovniince]
dwell, cf. booth] quickset hedge with ditch bullfrog, large ;

build 2 , n. Style of construction, make pro- ; Amer. species bullhead, small big-headed fish
;

portions of human body {sturdy b. &c). [prec] ^Miller's thumb; beheaded, obstinate, im-
bui'lder, n. In vbl senses; esp., master- petuous, blundering ; b.-of-the-bog, bittern ;
builder, contractor for building houses. 1-er j ] b.-puncher (Austral.), bullock-driver; b.-pup,
bui'lding", n. In vbl senses ; esp. house, : •bitch, young, female, bulldog bullring, ;

edifice b.-Tease, permitting lessee to build on

; arena for bullfight b.'s-eye, boss of glass ;

the land ; b.-society, of contributors to fund formed at centre of blown glass sheet, hemi-
 ; ;

BULL. 108 BUNG

spherical piece or thick disk of glass as light in bu'mble, n. Beadle consequential jack-in- ;

ship's side, hemispherical lens, (lantern) with office. Hence bu'mbleDOM n. [name of
such lens, small circular window, centre of beadle in Oliver Twist]
target, kind of sweetmeat; b.-terrier, cross be- bu'mble-bee, n. Large kind of bee. [f.

tween bulldog &

terrier ; bulltrout, fish of obs. vb bumble (boom+ -le)]
salmon tribe. [OE bule- (in comb, only), cf. bu'mble-puppy, n. Whist played un-
MLG bulle, prob. connected with bellow] scientifically, [prop, an obs. out-of-door baga-
bull
2 , v.i. & t. (St. Exch.) speculate for the telle ; etym. dub. ; there is obs. vb bumble
rise try to raise price of (stocks),
;
[f. prec. bungle]
bull 1,
2 perh. merely correl. to the more ex- bu'mbo, n. Cold rum-punch, [cf. It, bombo
plicable bear 1 2 ] ,
wd for drink]
child's
bulls (bobl), n. Papal edict, [t hbidla bill^] bu'mmalo, n. Small fish of S. -Asiatic
bull 4 (bdbl), n. (Often Irish b.) expression coasts, [f. Mahratti bombil]
containing contradiction in terms or implying bummaree*, n. Middleman at Billingsgate
ludicrous inconsistency (often an intelligible fish-market. [?]
statement made absurd by compression), [etym. bu'mmep, n. (U.S.). Idler, loafer, [cf. G
dub. f. 1630 (connexion with Irish is more re-
;
bummler]
cent there is OF boid, bole, trickery]
;
bump *, v.t. & i., & adv. Push, throw down,
bull 5 (bobl),n. Drink made of water flavoured (box &c) against
or on (wall, person, floor,
in empty spirit cask. [?] &c); hurt (one's head &c) by striking it
Bulfe. =john Bull. (against, on, or abs.) seize by arms & legs & ;

bullace (bob "lis), n. Wild plum tree or fruit. strike the posterior of (person) against floor,
[f. OF beloce f. LL pilota pellet] &c come with a b. against go along wall, ; ;

bu'llate, a. (bot. physiol. ). Puffy, blistered-

,
with repeated bumps; (Boat-racing, see foil.)
looking. [f. L bullatus (bulla bubble, -ate 2 )] overtake (adv.) with a b., suddenly, violently, ;

bu'llet (bob-), n. Missile of lead &c, spheri- (come, go, &c, &., cf. bang, bounce), [express-
cal or conical, used in muskets & ing the sound, or shape of swelling]
rifles ; &.-
drawer, instrument for extracting b. from 2 , n. Dull-sounding blow, knock, colli- bump
wound b.-head, -headed, (with) round
;
& pre-sion swelling caused by it; (Phrenol.) pro- ;

sumably thick head ; b. -proof, [f. F boulette minence on skull, facultyindicated by it (Boat- ;

dim. of boule ball f. L bulla knob] racing) touching of boat by next, a win for
bu'lletin (bob-), n. Short official statement latter (6. -supper, in celebration of this), [f. prec]
of public event or of invalid's condition. [F, f. 3 n., & v.t. (Make) bittern's cry. [imit,]
, bump
It. bulletino dim. of bulletta lottery ticket dim. bu'mpep, n. In vbl senses also, brim-full ;

of bulla seal, bull 3 ] glass of wine (slang) anything unusu. large or ;

bu'llion l (bob-), n. & a. Gold or silver be- abundant (harvest, full theatre) (Whist) score ;

fore (or as valued apart from) coining or manu- of two games against nil. [-er 1 ]
facture (made of) solid or real gold or silver.
;
bum'pkin, n. Country or awkward or bash-
[ AF, prob. = F bouillon soup f. med. L bullionem ful fellow, [perh. f. Du. boomken little tree or
nom. -io (L bidlire boil + -ion) but the mean- MDu. bommekijn little barrel]
;

ings are E only] bu'mptious(-shws),a. Self-assertive. Hence

bu'llion 2 (bob-), n. Fringe of gold silver & bu'mptiousLY 2 adv., bu'mptiousNESS n.
thread twists, [f. F bouillon, see prec, in [jocular form, on bump 2 & e. g. fractious]
sense bubble (independent adoption)] bu'mpy, a. Full of bumps, causing jolts,
bu'llionist, n. Advocate of metallic cur- (esp. of road or cricket pitch). Hence bu'mpi-
rency. [BULLION 1 + -1ST (2)] ness n. [-Y 2 ]
bu'llock. (bob-), n. Castrated bull, ox. [OE bun \ Small soft round sweet cake with
n.
bulluc (-OCK)] a few currants (the usu. Eng. sense, but with
bu'lly 1 tyrant (esp.
(bob-), n. Blusterer, local variations) hot cross b., marked with ;

among boys), coward tyrant; hired ruffian, & cross & eaten on Good Friday, [perh. f. OF
[obs. senses lover, sweetheart, gallant, fine bugne bump, swelling, (at Lyons = fritter,
fellow, perh. f. Du. boel lover cf. G buhle] whence mod. F beignet)]
bu'lly 2, v.t. Persecute, oppress, tease, physi- bun n. 2
, (Personifying name Of) squirrel,
cally or morally ; frighten into or out of (abs.) ; rabbit, [etym. dub.; there isSc bun, hare's tail]
play the b. [f. prec] bunch , n. Cluster of things growing or
1

bu'lly 3 i a. & int. (esp. U.S. & colonial). fastened together (flowers, grapes, keys), lot
Capital, first-rate b. for you, him, &c., = bravo.
; (best of the b.). Hence bu'nehv 2 a. [?]
[f. BULLY !] bunch 2, v.t. i. Make into bunch(es),&
bu'lly 4 (bob-), n. Scrummage in (prop. Eton) gather (dress) into folds come or cling to- ;

football. gether, [f. prec]

bu'lly 5 (bob), n. (Also b. beef) tinned beef, bu'neombe. See bunkum.
[perh.= bouilli, or f. bull 1 ]
bundesrat(h) (boo'ndesraht), n. Federal
bully rag. See ballyrag. council of German Empire (58 members from
bu'lrush (bob-), n. Kinds of tall rush (pop. 26 states). [G]
the Cat's Tail in Bible, papyrus), [bole
; bu'ndle 1 , n. Collection of things fastened
(strong-stemmed)?, or bull 1 (big cf. bullfrog, together (esp. clothes odds & & ends in hand-
bulltrout, & Gk use of bou- see bulimy)?] kerchief) ; set of sticks, iron rods, Sec, bound
bu'lwark. (bob-), n. Rampart, earthwork, up ; set of parallel fibres, nerves, &c ; 20 hanks
&c. mole, breakwater; person, principle, &c,
; of linen yarn. [perh. f. MDu. bondel cf. G
that acts as a defence ship's side above deck. ; biindel (OTeut. bindan bind) see -le(D] ;

[cf. Du. bolwerk, G bollwerk; perh. = bole + bu'ndle 2 , v.t. & i. Tie in, make up into, a b.
work (log-rampart)] throw confusedly in to any receptacle ; go, put
bum, n. Backside, buttocks ; b. -bailiff (also or send (esp. a person), in a hurry or uncere-
employed for arrests (from touching debtor
&.), moniously oid, off, away, See [f. prec]
on the back) b.-boat, plying with fresh pro-
; bung i, Stopper, esp. large cork stopping
n.
visions for ships (orig. scavenger boat), [cf. hole in cask b.-hote, for filling cask. [cf.
;
MDu.
bump earlier than, not contracted f., bottom
; bonghe = *bonde f. L
puncta orifice (pungere
in this sense] puncU prick)]
 .;
;

BUNG 109 BURLESQUE

bung: 2 , Stop (cask) with b. eyes bunged
v.t. ; bup'den 2 bup'then, , v.t. Load (lit. & fig.),
up, closed with swelling from blow, or sealed encumber, oppress, tax. [f. prec]
with rheum (slang) throw (stones), [f. prec]
;
bup'densome, a. Oppressive, wearying.
bungalow (bu'nggalo), n. Lightly built Hence bup'densomeNESS n. [-some]
one-storeyed or temporary house, [f. Hind. bup'doek, n. Coarse plant with prickly
bangla belonging to Bengal] flower-heads (bur) & dock-like leaves, [bur +
bu'ngle, v.i. & t., & n. (Make) clumsy work, dock J ]
confusion ; blunder over, fail to accomplish, bureau (buro -

), n. (pi. -eaux, pr. -6z). Writ-

(task). Hence bu'nglER 1 n. [iniit., cf. bum- ing-desk with drawers, escritoire; office,
ble, boggle] government department. [F,= office, desk,
bu'nion, n. Inflamed swelling on foot, orig. baize f. OF btirel dim. of bure coarse
[perh. f. It. bug none (bugno boil, lump, cf. F cloth cf. buire brown f. L burrus red perh. f.
bugne bun ,+ -one -oon)J 1 Gk puri'hos red]
bunk l
, n. Sleeping-berth. [?] bureau'eracy (-okra-), n. Government by
bunk 2 , v.i. (slang). Make off, vanish. [?] bureaux, centralization : officialism ; officials.
bu'nken, n. Ship's coal-bin ; (Golf) sandy Allied wds bureau'cRAT n., bureauera't-
:

hollow on links. [?] ro a., bupeauepa'tiCALLY adv., bureau*-

bu'nkum, -combe (-km), n. Humbug, clap- cpatiSM(2), bupeau*epatiST(2), nn. [f. prec
trap, sophistry, [anecdotic ; member for Bun- + -cracy]
combe in N. Carolina speaking needlessly in bupe'tte, n. Graduated glass tube for mea-
Congress to impress his constituents] suring small quantities of liquid. [F, dim. of
bu'nny, n. Pet name for rabbit. Tbun 2 + buii^e vase]
•Y 3] burgage, n. An ancient tenure {hold in &.).
Bu'nsen('s) (boon-, biin-), a. Invented by [f.med. L burgagium {burgus see borough)]
Prof. B. of Heidelberg (B. burner, lamp, burn- burgee', n. Small tapered pennant used by
ing air with gas for heating blow-pipe work & yachts &c [?]
B. battery, cell, voltaic of spec. kind). bup'geon, boup'geon, (berjn), n., & v.i.
bunt \ n. Cavity, baggy part, of fishing-net, (Put forth, spring forth as) young shoot(s), bud,
sail, &c. [?] begin to grow, (poet., & also in Zool. of gemma-
bunt 2 n. (Also Smut-ball) disease of wheat. [?]
, tion). [ME borioun f. OF burjon etym. dub.]
bu'nting n. Sub-family of birds including
x
, bup'gess, n. Inhabitant of borough with
Common or Corn B., Yellow B. (or Yelloxo full municipal rights, citizen (Hist.) member ;
Hammer), Black-headed, Reed, Snow, Sec, B.; of parliament for borough, corporate town, or
grey shrimp. [?] university. [ME & OF burgeis = bourgeois j ]
bu'nting* 2, n. (Open-made worsted stuff bupgh (buTu), n. (Sc). Scotch chartered
used for) flags, [perh. = bolting-cloth (bolt 5 town (used in E in writing of Scotch borough), )

f. obs. bunt silt, or perh. = G bunt parti-coloured [see borough]

+ -ING 1 ] burgher (bei-ge?-), n. (archaic). Citizen
buoy 1 float showing
(boi), n. Anchored (chiefly of foreign towns), [f. or Du. burger G
navigable course or reefs &c. ; (also life-b.) (burg fortified town), later assim. to burgh] E
something to keep person afloat ; also fig. in bup'glap, One who breaks into house by
n.
both senses, [f. OF bote or MDu. boei f. L boia night with intent to commit felony. Hence
chain] bup'glapY n., bupglap*iousa.,bupglap'-
1

buoy 2 (boi), v.t. (Usu. with up) keep afloat iousLY 2 adv. [f. Anglo-L burglator, burgator,
bring to surface of water ; sustain (person, perh. made on burgh-breche the native term
courage, &c. ), uplift. (Without up, sometimes for burglary]
with oid) mark with buoy(s). [see prec, but bup'gle, v.i. & t. Commit burglary; enter
the vb is perh. directly f. a foreign source] or rob (house) burglariously, [recent back-
buoyage (ij),n. Providing of buoys. T-age] formation f. prec, but cf. burgulare 1354]
buoyancy, n. Floating power (of solid to bup'gomastep, n. Mayor of Dutch or Flem-
stay, of liquid to keep object, afloat) ; (Hydrost.) ish town. [f. Du. burgemeester (borough)]
loss of weight by immersion in liquid ; elasti- bup'gonet, n. (hist). Visored helmet steel ;

city, recuperative power, (of spirits, also of cap. OF[f. bourguignotte f. Bourgogne Bur-
prices, &c). [f. foil. ; see -ancy] gundy]
buoyant (boi-), a. Apt to float, rise, keep burgundy, n. Kinds of (usu. red) wine of
up, or recover, springy able to keep things up ;
;
Burgundy.
light-hearted. Hence buoyantLY 2 adv. [ = , bu'pial (be-), Depositing under earth,
n.
& perh. f., Sp. boy ante earlier than buoy 2 \ ;
burying, esp. of dead body, funeral b.-ground, ;

see buoy : ] cemetery b.-service, religious form (esp. that

;

bur, bupp, n. (Any plant with) clinging seed- in Ch.-of-Engl. prayer-book) at funeral, [f. OE
vessel or flower female hop-catkin person ;
;
byrgels OSax. burgisli (burg- st. of bergan
cf.
hard to shake off. [-Da. borre] cover), -sdropped as though pi., cf. pea]
bup'ble, v.i. Simmer (with rage, mirth), [on bup'in, n. Tool for engraving on copper.
burst, bubble but cf. obs. burble bubble]
; Hence bup'iniST(l) n. [F, perh. f. OHG bora
bup'bot, n. Eel-like flat-headed bearded boring-tool (bore 1 )]
fresh-water fish. [f. F bourbotte cf. bourboter burke, v.t. Avoid, smother, (publicity, in-
Avallow f. LL borba f. Gk borboros mud] quiry) hush up, suppress, (rumour, book).
;

bup'den 1 , bup'then (-dh-), n. (usu. -den [Burke executed 1829 for smothering people to
exc. = tonnage). Load (lit., or of labour, duty, sell bodies for dissection]
sorrow, &c. b. of proof, obligation to prove
; burl, n., & v.t. Knot in wool or cloth ; (vb)
falling on maker of statement) ; obligatory ex- clear of bb. [f. OF bourle]
pense ship's carrying-capacity, tonnage bear-
; : bup'lap, n. Coarse canvas, [cf. Du. boenlap
ing of loads {ship, beast, ofb.); (bibl.) oracle, etym. dub.]
heavy fate = obs. senses of bourdon) refrain,
; ( burle-sque Imitative,
(-esk), a. & n., & v.t.
chorus, of song, chief theme or gist of poem, imitation, imitate, for purpose of deriding or
book, speech, &c. [OE byrthen =OSax. bur- amusing bombast(ic), mock-serious(ness) ; cari-
;

thinnia (st. of bear 3 + suf. -innja) for -d- cf ; cature.parody ,esp. (of) literary &dramaticwork.
murther, murder] [F, f. It. burlesco (burla mockery, -esque)]
 ;;;;; ;;;;;

BURLY 110 BUSINESS

bup'ly, a. Hence bup'- expansion of contents, send (containing case),
Sturdy, corpulent.
Hness borlich prob. f. an OE burlic violently asunder, split, (powder, shell, &c.
n. [ME
(handsome, flt for the) bovver + -ly *]
1
exaggeratively, b. with food or emotion, heart
,

burn 1 , n. (Sc, north., poet.). Small stream.
[com.-Teut. cf. Du. born, S.-Engl. bourn
burn 2, v.t. &
i. (burnt sometimes burned).
Consume, waste, by fire (t. i., the heat, heat-
ing person, or heated thing, being subject
b. away, out, to nothing, to extinction ; b. up,
bursts) ; get away from or through, make way
l
] &
out or in, express one's feelings, by force or
suddenly (river bu?*sts banks ; b. in, come into
&
room, interrupt ; b. out, exclaim ; b. into tears,
out laughing, break into tears, laughter ; b.
upon enemy's country, overrun it) open, come ;

get rid of by fire b. out, consume contents of ; open, be opened, forcibly (boil, bud, cloud, b. ;

b. one's boats, commit oneself irrevocably to a b. door, door bursts, in or open) fill, be full, to ;

course) ; blaze, glow, with fire (b. up, flash into overflowing (grain bursts granary, granary
blaze; b. down, low, less vigorously as fuel bursting ; b. with joy, envy, pride, a secret) ;
fails) give, make to give, light (lamp, candles,
;
appear suddenly (b. into fiame, upon the view ;
gas, oil, &c. ; b. blue Sec, give blue &c. light sun, war, disease, b. out) suffer bursting of ;

b. candle at both ends, not husband energy (some part ; b. a blood-vessel, one's heart, sides
b. daylight, use artificial light by day) put, be xcith laughing, buttons withfood). [OE berstan ;

put, to death by fire harden, produce, (bricks, f. OTeut. brestan perh. f. brek- break; there
;

lime, charcoal) by heat; make (hole &c.) by has been double metathesis, OTeut. brest-, OE
heat (money burns hole in pocket, clamours to berst-, brest-, mod. bwst] ME
be spent); injure, be injured, by fire or great burst 2, n. Bursting, split ; b.-up (often bust-
heat (b. one's fingers, suffer for meddling or colloq.), collapse ; sudden issuing forth (b. of
rashness); char, scorch, in cooking (t. i.), flame), explosion, outbreak, (lit. &fig.) ; spurt; &
adhere to saucepan &c. ; cauterize, brand, continuous gallop ; bout of drunkenness &c.
(b. in, into, impress indelibly) ; eat, make acid [f. prec]
&c. eat, its way (into material, material, or bup'then. See burden.
abs.) ; parch, freckle, tan, colour, (t. i. ; abs. &
bupy (be'ri), v.t. Deposit in, commit to, earth,
or with brown, dry, &c.) ; give, feel, sensation tomb, or sea (corpse) ; (of relatives) to have
or pain (as) of heat (burnt child dreads fire ; buried, lost; (of clergy) perform burial rites;
ears b., when one is talked of b., get near dis- put under ground (b. alive ; b. the hatchet, re-
;

covery or truth, as in child's game) ; make, be, nounce quarrel); put away, forget; (chiefly
hot or passionate, glow, blaze, rage, yearn ; b. refl. pass.) consign to obscurity hide in & ;

person out, expel him by fire; b. the water, earth (treasure &c), cover up, submerge
spear salmon by torchlight; burning-glass, withdraw from view (face in hands, hands in
convex lens or concave mirror concentrating pockets) ; (p.p.) immersed (buried in sloth)
sun's rays enough to ignite object at focus burying-ground, -place, graveyard, cemetery.
burnt offering, sacrifice made by burning. [OE [OE byrgan cf. burial]
brinnan intr., bsernan trans. com.-Teut. cf. G ; bus, 'b-, n. (pi. -es), & v.i. (Go by) omnibus.
brennen] bu'sby (-z-), n. Tall fur cap of Hussars,
burn 3, n. Sore, mark, on body made by Artillery, & Engineers. [?J
burning, [f. prec] bush *
(bdbsh), n. Shrub, clump of shrubs ;
bup'nep, n. In vbl senses, esp. in comb, as bunch of ivy as ancient vintner's sign (good
brick-b. also, part of lamp &c. that shapes
; wine needs no b.) ; luxuriant growth of hair,
the flame, [-er 1 ] whisker, &c. ; woodland, unfilled district, (esp.
bup'net, Kinds of brown-flowered plant,
n. in colonies ; take to the b., become bushranger)
[f. obs. adj. burnet f. OF burnete see brun- beat 1 about b. ; bush- in many bird, beast, &
ette] plant names ; b. -fighter, -ing, (person used to)
bup'ningr, a. In vbl senses also flagrant ; : fighting in the b., guerilla Warfare b.-harrow, ;

(b. shame, disgrace) hotly discussed, exciting, ; heavy frame with bars between which branches
(b. question) ; b. scent (in hunting), strong. are inserted for harrowing grass land or cover-
2 bushman,
[-ING ] ing seed, (vb) harrow with this ;

bur'nish, v.t. & i. Polish by friction ; (with aboriginal of a S.-Afr. tribe, dweller, farmer,
xvell &c.) take a polish. Hence bup'nishER (2) l
or traveller in the Australian b., whence
n. [f. OF burnir—brunir (brun brown), see bu'shmansHiP (3) n. [after Du. boschjesman
-ish 2 ] (bosch bush)] b.-ranger, Australian brigand
;

bupnou's(e) Arab, Moorish.

(-oos, -ooz), n. (at first escaped convict) living in the bush ;
& lady's, hooded cloak. [F (-s), f. Arab, burnus] b.-rope, tropical wild vine netting trees to-
bupp 1 , n. Nebulous disk round moon or gether. [ME busk f. ON
buskr, cf. G busch,
star rough ridge left on cut or punched metal
; Du. bosch (whence prob. the sense woodland
or paper (b.-drill, dentist's) siliceous rock used ; above), f. Rom. bosco see bosk]
for mill-stones whetstone; kinds of limestone
;
; bush 2, v.t. Set (ground) with bb. to frustrate
*

rough sounding of letter r as in Northumber- net-poaching ; b.-harrow (ground), [prec]

land whirring sound = bur. [etym. dub.
; ; ;
&
bush 3 (boosh), n., v.t. Metal lining of axle-
perh. four different wds & cf. bur]
; hole 01 other circular orifice, perforated plug ;
bupp 2 , v.t. & i. Pronounce with sound of (vb) furnish with b. [prob. f. MDu. busse box 2
Northumbrian r, also of French r speak with- ; .cf.blunderbuss]
out clear articulation, [cf. prec] bu'shel (bobshl), n. Measure of capacity
birppow, n., hole & v.i. & t. (Make, live in) for corn, fruit, &c (not hide light or
(8 gal.)
excavated in earth, as of foxes, rabbits, &c. candle under b., set example measure others' ;

make by excavating (hole, one's way) ; retire corn by one's own b., judge others by oneself).
out of sight; (fig.) investigate mysteries &c. Hence bu'shelFUL (2) n. [ME boyschel f. OF
Hence bu'ppowER 1 n. [perh. = borough] boissiel f. LL buscellus f. buxis box 2]
bup'sap, n. Treasurer, esp. of a college bu'shy, a. Abounding in bushes ; growing
exhibitioner in Scotch University or school, thickly. Hence bu'shiNESS n. [-Y 2 ]
whence bup'saPY 1 n. [f. med. L bursarius business (bi'znis), n. Being busy (orig.
(bursa bag f. Gk = hide)] sense, now obs., see busyness) task, duty, ;

bupsap'ial, a. Of bursar(y). [-al] province, (make it one's b. to, undertake)

bursts ^.t. & i. (past & p.p. burst). Fly by cause of coming (what is your b. ?) habitual ;
 ;;;
;; ;;
;

BUSINESS-LIKE 111 BUTTER

occupation, profession, trade ; serious work (no one b. knows that); without the result &c.
(means b., is in earnest on b., with definite that (never rains b. it pours justice was never
;
;

purpose b. end of tin tack, point b. hours,

; done b. some one complained) rather than so-
; ;

hours of b., of regular work, open shop or &-so shall prove untrue (it shall go hard b. I
office, &c.) thing needing attention, agenda,
; xcill get there ten to one b. it was you) that ; ;

{the b. of the day, meeting, &c.) dealings with not (not such a fool b.— also b. that, b. what—
;

men & matters (b. man, one used to these, he can see that it is impossible b. that offences & ;

see helow man of b., agent, attorney) diffi- will come) to say (that) not (not b. that— also
; ; ;

cult matter (what a b. it is !, make a great b. of what— he believed it himself) (after neg.) that ;

it); thing that concerns one, that one may (/ don't deny, doubt, b. that) on the contrary, ;

meddle with, (mind your own, go about your, nevertheless, however, on the other hand,
send, about his, b., reproof or dismissal has no moreover, yet. [OE be-utan, butan, buta, (be-,, ;

b. to, no right) (contempt.) device, machine, out) outside, without]

;

process, concern, course of events, (sick of the but 2, n., & v.t. An objection; (vb) utter,
whole b.; a lath-it-plaster b.); (Theatr.) action, use, (bb. but me no buts). [uses of prec] ;

dumb - show buying & selling, bargaining, bu'tehepi (bob-), n. Slaughterer of animals
;

(doing a great b. good stroke of b. b. man, for food dealer in meat judge, general, &c,
;
; ; ;

engaged in commerce, also see above) com- who has men killed needlessly or brutally a ;
;

mercial house, firm; do one's b., kill him; salmon-fly; b.'s bill, list of killed in war;
good b.!, well done! [OE bisignis (busy J + b.-bird, kind of shrike b.'s-broom, low spiny- ;

-NESS)] leaved evergreen = Knee Holly; b.'s meat r

business-like, a. Systematic, practical, excluding poultry, game, & bacon &c [f. OF
prompt, well-ordered, [-like] bochier (boc buck 1 lit. dealer in goat's flesh] )

busk, n. Rigid strip stiffening corset-front, bu'teher 2, v.t. Slaughter (people) wantonly
[f. F busc etym. dub.] or cruelly; ruin by bad reading or editing,
bu'skin, n. Boot reaching to calf or knee damage by harsh criticism, [f. prec] ;

thick-soled boot lending height to Athenian bu'teherly, a. Fit for, like, a butcher, coarse,
tragic actor; the tragic vein, tragedy, (see brutal, bloody, [-ly j ]
sock put on the b., write or act tragedy).
;
bu'tehery, n. Shambles (in barracks, camp,
Hence bu'skinED 2 a. [in many Europ. langg. ship, &c) (attrib.) butcher's trade (b. trade, ;

the E perh. f. OSp. boszegui, F brousequin, business, &c.) needless or cruel slaughter of ;

Du. brozeken, &c, having br- etym. dub. MIt. people, [f. F boucherie (butcher, -y l )]
; ;

borzachino suggests borza purse] bu'tlep, n. Servant in charge of wine-cellar

buss, n., & v.t., (archaic). Kiss, [earlier & plate &c, head servant, [f. AF butuiller f.
bass n. & v. ; cf. Fbaiser, basiare, L basium] OF boxdeillier, oee bottle 1 -er 2 (2)] ,

bust, Sculpture of person's head, shoul-

n. butt 1
, n. Wine
or ale cask (108-140 gal. )

ders, &
chest ; upper front of body, bosom, esp. any barrel, [f. (F &
It, botte) f. LL buttis]
Rom.
of woman, [f. F buste f. It. busto etym. dub.] butt 2
, n. Thicker end, esp. of tool or weapon
bu'stard, n. Genus of large swift-running (give fish the b., turn b. of rod towards him for
birds, [perh. mixture of OF bistarde, oustarde, firmer hold) trunk of tree just above ground
; ;

both f. L avis tarda slow bird (the inappro- b. or b.-end, remnant (b.-end also=thicker end)
priate adj. unexplained)] base of leaf-stalk kinds of flat-fish, as sole, ;

bu'stle !v.i. Bestir oneself

(busl),
t. & plaice, turbot hide of back & flanks trimmed ;

make show of activity, hurry aboxd ; make to rectangle, thickest leather (cf. bend l )
(others) hurry or work hard. [perh. var. of obs. square end of plank meeting a similar end
buskle f. obs. busk prepare (ON buask refl. of (also b.-end). [cf. Da. but. Du. bot, stumpy, Sw.
biia prepare cf. bound 5 )] bid stump whether senses belong together,
;

bu'stle 2 , n. Excited activity, fuss. [f. prec] & relation to other wds butt, doubtful]
bustle 3 (bu'sl), n. Pad or frame puffing out butt ,n. Mound behind target (pi.) shooting-
3
;

top of woman's skirt behind, [perh. = prec] range target

; end, aim, object object of ; ;

busy 1 (bi'zi), a. Occupied, working, en- (ridicule &c); object of teasing & ridicule,
gaged, with attention concentrated, (b. in, [f. F bid goal cf. foil.]

with, at also, prep, being dropped, with vbl

;
butt 4, v.i. & t., & n. Push (v. & n.) with the
n. now looking like part., as he icas b. packing) head (come b. or full b. against, run into) meet ;

unresting, ever employed, stirring; fussy, med- end to end (b. against, upon) come, place ;

dlesome, prying, mischievous b. idle(ness), ; (timber &c), with end flat against wall &c.
spending energy on trifles; b.-body, meddle- [f. OF boter, buter, (now bouter) thrust, project,
some person, mischief-maker. Hence bu'siLY 2 influenced by abut]
adv. IOE bisig only E & LG cf. Du. bezig ;
bu'ttep n. Fatty substance made from i,

the -u- unexplained] cream by churning (look as if b. would not

bu'sy 2,
v.t. Occupy (esp. one.s-e7/, one's melt in mouth, demure melted b., sauce of b., ;

hands, eyes, &c), keep b., (with, in, at, about, flour, &c); kinds of substance of similar con-
or with -ing, or abs.). [OE bisgian see prec] sistency or look, as b. of almonds; fulsome
bu'syness, n. State or quality of being flattery b.-&-eggs, kinds of plant with two ;

busy. [mod. form differentiated in spelling & yellows in flower, as toad-flax b.-boat, sauce- ;

pronunc f. business] boat b.-knife, blunt, of silver &c, for cutting ;

but 1 (orig. adv. & prep. = outside, without b. b.-scotch, kind of toffee; butterbur, plants ;
;

developed into conj., under which most mod. with large soft leaves buttercup, kinds of ;

uses belong but it is now adv., prep., negative yellow-flowered Ranunculus b.-fingers, -fin-
;
;

rel. pron., subord. &

coord, conj. ; clear distinc- gered, (person) unable to hold things, esp.
tion of these is not here possible). Only (she is a catch at cricket buttermilk, liquid left after ;

b. a child, I can b. do it) except, if not, short ; churning b. b.-nut, N.-Amer. oily nut(-tree)
;

of, except that, ir it were not that, short of the b.-print, wooden stamp for marking b. ; butter-
condition that, (they are all wrong b. he, him wort, fleshy-leaved Violet -flowered bog-plant.
no one b. me, I; never b. once he all b. did it Hence bu'tterv butteriNESS n. [OE
;
2 a.,
what can he do b. die nothing woidd content butere, f. L f. Gk bouturon (bous cow, turon
;

him b. I must come) otherwise than (cannot cheese, or perh. barbarian wd so accounted for)]
;

choose b., cannot &., do it) who or that not bu'tter 2, v.t. Spread, cook, sauce, with b.
; 1
 ! ;;; ;;
;

BUTTERBUMP 112 BY-

{fine xods b. no parsnips, mere professions are utter by speaking together (b. applause) ;
valueless) ; for other phrr. see bread) (also b. ;
throw hard (6. stones), limit.]
up) flatter, [f. prec] buzz 3 , n. Hum of bee &c ; sound of people
bu'ttepbump, n. = bittern. [see bump 3 ] talking, stir, general movement, [f. prec]
tau*ttei»fly, n. a. &
Diurnal erect-winged buzz 4 n.
, Downy beetle, fishing-fly like it.
insect with knobbed antennae showy or fickle ; [perh. as expressive, cf. fuzzy &'obs. buzz wig]
(person), trifler; b.-nut, -screw, (Mech.), with buzz v.t. Finish (bottle of wine).
5 , [?]
\ .ings to be turned by thumb finger ; break j & bu'zzapd, n. Kinds of falcon (B., Bald B. or
b. on wheel. [OE buttor-fleoge cf. Du. boter- osprey, Honey B., Moor B., &c). [f. OF busart
vlieg, connexion with butter unexplained] f. L buteo falcon + -ard]

bvrttepine (-en), n. Imitation butter of bu'zzep, n. In vbl senses ; esp. steam-

oleo-margarine &
milk, [-ine 1 ] whistle. [BUZZ 2 -ER 1 ] ,

bu'ttepis, n. Farrier's tool for paring hoof, &

by 1 , prep. adv. Prep, (bi, sometimes bi)
[cf. F boutoir & obs. E butter]. Near, at or to side of, in postal district of,
bu'ttepy, n. Place in colleges &c. where about person or in possession of, in company
bread & ale, butter, &c, are kept ; b.-hatch, of, in region of, slightly inclining to, (Bromley-
half-door over which provisions are issued, [f. by-Bow, Coniston-by- Ambleside; come hereby
OF boterie = bouteillerie (bottle 1 -ery)] , me ; stand by, be faithful to, help ; abide by,
bu'ttoek. 1 n. Half of rump (usu. in pi.); man-
, accept, observe ; have not got it by me come ;

oeuvre in wrestling (usu. cross-b., running-b., by, obtain by oneself, alone North by East, ; ;

&c); b.-steak, = rumpsteak. [butt 2 + -ock] between N & XNE by the head, stern, deeper :

bu'ttoek 2, v.t. Throw by using b. [f. prec] in water there by land sea, adventures by ; &
button \ n. Knob or disk sewn to garment flood field) ; along, in passing along, through, &
to fasten it by passing through buttonhole, or via, avoiding, passing, out-stripping, (by nearest
for ornament (boy in bb., page take by the b., road by the way, as one goes, parenthetically;
; ;

detain, see buttonhole below) bud unopened so by the by, esp. as. formula introducing di-
; ;

mushroom ; in plant names, as bachelor's b. gression ; travel by Bale, Paris pass him by, ; ;

knob, handle, catch, as in electric bell (touchthe go by him) during, in the circumstances of, ;

b. produce complicated result by simple action

,
(by day, night, daylight by the space of,) ;

small bar revolving on pivot as door-fastening biblical for during) through the agency, ;

small rounded body; terminal knob (on foil, means, instrumentality, or causation, of,
making it harmless also as ornament) &.- owing to, in such a manner, with, (by oneself,
; ;

boot, fastened with bb. buttonhole, slit made without help or prompting ; know, say, by
;

to receive fastening b., (fig.) small mouth, heart multiply, divide, by 3ft by 2ft lead ; ; ;

flower(s) worn in buttonhole, (vb) make button- by the hand set by the ears, egg on to quarrel ;

holes (in), hold by a coat or waistcoat b., go, be known, by the name of what do you ;

detain, (reluctant listener), whence button- mean by that ? travel by rail by all, no, ; ;

holER n. [last sense by confusion with earlier means ; live by bread do it by one's deputy ;
1
;

b.-hold] buttonhook, for pulling b. into place. have children by such a father, mother',
;

Hence (-)buttonED 2 buttonLESS, aa., authorized, hanged, made, by no gas to read

, ;

birttonlessxESS n. [f. OF boton bud f. LL by ; case goes by default ; begin, end, by

*bottonem nom.' -to f. oottare push, cf. butt 4 ] ing ; by way of a joke be by way of know-
birtton 2, v.t. & i. Furnish with button(s) ing everybody, profess or be supposed to
— ;

fasten (t. & i.) with bb. (often up) ; enclose cautious by nature ; by cheque, £6. 5. h, in Cr
within buttoned garment (person, or object entries; by chance', by dint of; by reason of);
carried with one ; usu. up), [f. prec] as soon as, not later than, (by now, next week,'
buttons, n. Liveried page. [pi. of button 1 ] tomorrow, the time with or oftener without —
buttony, a. With many buttons. [-Y ] 2 —that) according to, after, from, (by rote by ; ;

buttress, n., & v.t. Support built against right by rights, if right were done take ; ;

wall &c ; prop (lit. & fig.) b.-like projection warning, example, by by your leave judge
; ; ;

of hill ; (vb) support (lit. & fig., often with up) by appearances sell, buy, by retail, measure, ;

with b., by argument, &c [perh. f. OF bouterez, the yard, packet) with succession of, suc- ;

-e£,_flying buttress (bouter push cf. abut)] ceeding, (by degrees, by hundreds, man by
butyp-, butyro-, st. & comb, form of tech- man, little by little) to the extent of (missed, ;

nical wds as butyrA'CEOXJS, buty'ric, butyro- by a foot, too moral by half, better by far,
ace'tic ; of butter, esp. in its chem. aspect. much) ; concerning, in respect of, (do one's
bu*xom, a. Plump, comely. Hence didy by; French by blood, Jones by name;
bu'xomNESS n. learlier sense pliant ME
pull up by the roots) as surely as I believe in
; ;

buhsum f. st. of bugan bow 3 + -some] (by God swear by all one holds sacred swear ; ;

buy (bi), v.t. (bought, pr. bawt). Obtain by by vegetarianism, declare complete belief in
paying a (usu. money) price serve to procure it). Adv. (bi): Near (stand by, be inactive,
;

(money cannot b. get by some sacrifice (dearly also be ready for action, esp. Naut.) aside, in
) ; ;

bought) gain over (person) by bribery &c b. reserve, (put, lay, set, by, abandon or store
; ;

in, b. a stock of, withdraw at auction by naming up) past (they marched by all that is gone ; ;

higher price than highest offered b. into, b. by). [OE bi, bi, be ; cf. OHG bi, bi, (G bet, be-)
;

stock or shares in (the Funds or a company) in OE the prep, was sometimes be in mod.E ;

b. off, get rid by payment of (claim, claimant, the adv. is always by, the prep. usu. by some-
blackmailer), get (soldier) discharged so b. times by, & the pref. either by- or be-]
;

out, pay person to give up post, property, &c by 2 bye, a. Subordinate, incidental, secon- ; ,

b. over, bribe b. up, b. as much as possible of

; dary, side, sly, out-of-the-way, secret, as by(e) ;
b. pig in poke, commit oneself inconsiderately. road, the by(e) effects, a by(e) consideration
Hence buy 'able a., buy'ER i n. [OE byegan b. election, [by adv. used attrib. often ;

cf. Goth, bugjan etym. dub.] hyphened with noun usul by when this is ;

buz(z) i, int. = Stale news done, & bye as sep. wd]

buzz 2 , v.i. & t. Make humming sound
, n. = bye (-e usu. exc in by the by). by 3
move, hover, about (person or annoyingly
by-, pref. (1) usu. with one of the meanings
abs.)
like bluebottle (of a company or place) sound of by a. it may be written as separate wd (by
; ;

.confusedly; circulate (t. & i. of rumour &c.) path or bye path), hyphened (by-path), or, if
 ; ;
;;;

BY AND BY 113 CABINET

the combination is often used, as one wd with (St Michael &
St George), C.I.K. (Indian Em-
the other (bypath) (2) sometimes with mean- ; pire) confined, C.B. (to barracks) ; County,
;

ings of by adv. as in bystander, bygone. C.C. (Councillor) ; Ceylon, (Civil Ser- CCS.
by and by, adv. & n. Before long, pre- vice) ; contagious, (diseases) ; Civil, C.E. CD.
sently (n.) the future, fperh. f. by prep, denot-
;
(Engineer) ; Church, as C.E.T.S. (of England
ing succession (one by one &c.)] Temperance Society), C.M.S. (Missionary
by-blow, n. Side blow at someone else Society) ; Channel, CI. (Islands) Crown, CI. ;

than the main opponent bastard child, [by a.] ; (of India) ; Commander, as C.V.O. (Victorian
bye, n. Something subordinate (by the by er Order); Chief, C.J. (Justice); Commanding,
bye, incidentally, parenthetically) (Cricket) ; CO. (Officer); cash, C.O.D. (on delivery);
run scored for ball that passes batsman and Charity, C.O.S. (Organization Society), e.,
wicket-keep, leg-b., for one that touches bats- chapter, as e. XII, ee. I-V; cent, as $1.75 e.;
man (Golf) hole(s) remaining after decision of
; colt circiter, as e. 1750 ; cum, e. div. (divi-
;

match and played as a new game (in games ; dend) ; carte, e.d.v. (de visite) care, e/o (of). ;

where competitors are paired off) odd man, Abbreviations (2) : Cal.(ifornia) Cambs., ;

being odd man. [by 1 as n.] Cambridgeshire ; Can.(ada) ; Cant.(icles)

bye'-bye \ n. (Nursery word for) sleep, bed. Cantuar., Abp of Canterbury; cap., chap-
[sound used in lullaby es cf. hushaby, lullaby, ter; Capt.(ain); Cels.(ius) ; Cestr., Bp of
bye baby bunting] Chester ; cf., confer (L - compare) ; eg., centi-
bye-bye* 2,int. = Good-bye. [colloq. & child- gram eh.(apter) Ch^s.(hire) Chron.(icles);
; ; ;

ish clipping of good-bye] Cieestr., Bp of ChiBteter eire.(iter) ; el., ;

by-end, n. Side or secret purpose, [by a.] centilitre cm., cenffflretre Co.(unty in Ire-
; ;

bygone, a. n. &
Past, departed ; anti- land) ; Co.(mpany) ; Col.(onel) Col.(ossians); ;

quated (pi. n.) the past, past offences (let bb. be

; Colo.(rado) Conn.(ecticut) Cor.(inthians) ; ;

bb., forgive forget), &

[by adv.] Corn.(wall) Corp.(oral) ep., compare Cr, ; ; ;

by-lane, n. See by-. Creditor erim. con., criminal conversation

;
;
by-law, bye'-law, n. Regulation made Cumb.(erland) ewt, hundredweight. ;

by local authority or corporation, as town or Caaba (kah'aba), n. Sacred building at

railway company, [prob. f. obs. byrlaio local Mecca, Mohammedan Holy of Holies con-
custom (ON byjar genit. pi. of byr OE by to'wn, taining the black stone. [Arab, ka'bah]
cf. Derby &c), but associated with by a.] cab n., & v.i. (Go in a) one-horsed hackney 1
,
by-name, n. Secondary name, sobriquet carriage with two or four wheels, esp. the
nickname, [by a.] hansom driver's shelter on locomotive cab- ; ;

bypast, a. Gone by, elapsed, [by adv.] man, driver of c. c.-rank, row of cc. on cab- ;

bypath, n. Retired path (lit., & fig. as bb. stand, where cc. are authorized to wait
of history), [by a.] c.-runner, -toid, men earning pay by fetching,
by-play, n. Action apart from the main or unloading luggage from, cc. Hence ea*b-
course of events; esp., dumb-show of minor less a. [short for cabriolet]
characters on stage, [by a.] cab 2 n., & v.i. (slang). (Use secretly in pre-
,

by-product, Thing produced incident-

n. paring lessons) a translation, crib, [short for
ally in manufacturing something else, [by a.] archaic cabbage v. .& n. pilfer(ing) perh. f. F
byre (-ir), n. Cow-house. [OE byre peril, cabas basket f. L capacem nom. -ax capacious]
cogn. w. bur bower] caba'l, n., & v.i. (-11-). (Join in a) secret in-
by-road, n. Little-frequented road, [by a.] trigue; clique, faction; (Hist.) the C, 'Com-
byssus, n. Fine ancient textile fibre & mittee for Foreign Affairs under Charles II, '

fabric of flax tuft of silky filaments by which

; esp. Clifford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley,
some molluscs adhere to rock. Hence byss- & Lauderdale (1672), precursor of modern
a'ceous, by ssal, byssi'FEROus, byssiNE 2
,
Cabinet. Hence caba'llER * n. [f. F cabale(r)
byssoiD, aa. [L, f.Gk bussos] f. med.L cabala cabbala; not f. initials of
bystander, n. Spectator, [by adv.] Clifford &c, being quoted from 1616]
bystreet, n. Out-of-the-way street, [by a.] caba'na (-bah-), n. Brand of cigar, [maker]
by -'way, n. Secluded road or track (often cd'baret (-a), n. French pot-house. [F]
highway and 6.); short cut; less known de- ea'bbage (-Ij), n. Kinds of cultivated vege-
partment of any subject, [by a.] table with round heart or head; Sea C, sea
byword, n. Proverb ;person, place, &c. kale c. btdterfiy, Large White or Small
;

taken as type of some (usu. bad) quality (esp. White c.-net, for boiling c. in c.-rose, double
; ;

a b. for iniquity &c. [by a.] ) red rose with large compact round flower c- ;

by-work, n. Work done by the way, at tree, various trees, esp. certain palms with
leisure moments, [by a.] terminal bud eaten like c. [earlier cabbage-
byza'ntine (y or y), a. & n. (Inhabitant) of cole head-vegetable f. & F caboche head = ME
Byzantium or Constantinople (B. historians, It. capocchia f. capo f. L capxd]
of Eastern Empire from 6th to loth c.) ; of the ca*b(b)ala, n. Jewish oral tradition mystic ;

style in architecture &c. developed in the interpretation, esoteric doctrine, occult lore.
Eastern Empire (round arch, cross, dome, Hence ea'b(b)aliSM(3), ca*b(b)aliST(2), nn.,
circle, mosaic). Hence ByzantinESQUE a., eab(b)ali*stic a., eab(b)ali*stiCALLY adv.
Byza'ntiniSM n.,Byza'ntiniZE (4) v.t. [f. [med. L, f. Heb. qabbalah tradition]
L Byzantinus f. L f. Gk Buzantion] ca'bby, n. (colloq.). Cab-driver. [-Y 3 ]
ca'ber, n._Roughly trimmed pine-trunk

C (se), letter (pi.

O used in Sc.
Gael, cabar pole]
Highland sport of tossing the c. [L
C's, C's, Cees). C springs, see ea'bin, n., & v.t. Small rude dwelling
cee. (Mus.) first note of natural major scale. room or compartment in ship for sleeping or
(In argument) third hypothetical person or eating in, officer's or passenger's room c.-boy, ;

thing. (Alg.) third known quantity. waiting on officers or passengers (vb, chiefly ;

Abbreviations (1) C, centum, 100, as CI 101,

: in p.p.) confine in small space, cramp. [ME &
CV 105, CCL 250, CM 900, DC 600, XC 90. C, F cabane f. LL capanna]
Centigrade, as 15° C. Chartered, C. ; A. (Ac- ca'binet, n. & a. Small private room, closet
countant) Companion, as C.B. (Bath),
; C.M.G. case with drawers &c. for keeping valuables or
 ; ;

CABLE 114 CADET

displaying curiosities. (Pol.) council-room of caco-, pref. = Gk kako- (kakos bad), found
about twelve or twenty chief ministers of insome wds taken direct or through L (& F) f.
state those ministers collectively c. council,
; ; Gk & prefixed in med. terms (= disease of, as
;

one of their meetings C. Minister, one of ; cacophthalmia eye-disease, or mal-, as caco-

them c. crisis, difficulties involving change
; morphia malformation) usu. to Gk compo-
of government or resignation of some mem- L as cacodorous ill-smelling.
nents, rarely to
ber(s) of c. C. edition, between library & eacode'mon, -ae'mon, n. Evil spirit;
popular in cost &c. ; c. photograph, size larger malignant person,[f. Gk kakodaimon (prec. =+-

than carte-de-visite c.-maker, -king, skilled ; dainwn spirit)]

joiner, joinery, (also facet, of prime minister ea'eodyl, n. Stinking poisonous compound
forming new government), [cabin + -et 1 in- , of arsenic &
methyl. Hence eacody'lic a.
fluenced also by F cabinet] [Gk kakodes stinking (caco- + od- root of ozo
ea'ble , n. Strong thick rope (Naut., 10 in.
1 to smell) + -yl]
or more in circumf., cf. cablet, hawser) of caco'epy, n. Bad pronunciation (cf. or-
hemp or wire strands; (Naut.) rope or chain thoepy), [f. Gk CACO(epei'a f. epos word,
of anchor, (as measure) 100 fathoms; (Teleg.) see -y 1 )]
submarine or underground line containing cacoe'thes habit, itch for doing
(-ez), n. Ill
insulated wires, also = cablegram (Arch. & ;
something unadvisable, usu. in scribendi c,
goldsmith's work) rope-shaped ornament; c- scribbling-mania. [f. Gk kakoethes neut. adj.
laid rope, of three tripl^trands. [cf. Du. kabel (caco- + ethos disposition]
f. Rom. F cable, It&kppio, f. LL capulum
cf. eaeo'gpaphy, n. Bad handwriting or spell-
halter L capulus hilt (capere take); but the
cf. ing. Hence caco'GRAPHER n., caeoGRA'PHi-
F may be f. L *catabola kind of ballista] c(al) aa. [caco-, -graphy]
ea'ble 2 , v.t. &
Furnish, fasten, with c.
i. eaeo'logy, n. Bad choice of words or pronun-
(Arch.) fill lower part of flutings of (column) ciation, [f. 6k kakologia vituperation (caco-,

with convex mouldings transmit (message), ; -logos -speaking f. lego speak)]

communicate, inform (person), by c. [f. prec] cacoo'n, n. Large flat polished bean of
ea'blegrpamjn. Message by submarine cable. tropical shrub with 6-8 ft pods. [African ?]
[cable 1 + -gram (hybrid on telegram >] eaco'phonous, a. Ill-sounding. [Gk caco-
ea'blet, n. Cable-laid rope under 10 in. in (phonos -sounding f. phone sound) -f -ous]
circumference, [-et 1
]
caco'phony, n. Ill sound (cf. euphony) ;

cabo'bs, n. pi. Meat cooked in small pieces discord (lit. & fig.), [f. F cacophonie f. Gk
with ginger, garlic, &c. [Arab, kabab] kakophonia as prec. & see -Y J ]
caboo'dle, n. (slang). The whole c, all the ca'ctus, n. Kinds of succulent plant with
lot (persons or things). [U.S. etym. dub.] wd thick fleshy stem, usu. no leaves, & clusters of
caboo'se, n. Cooking-room on ship's deck. spines. Hence cactA'CEOUS, ea'ctAL, ca'ct-
[cf.Du. kabuis perh. = *kaban-huys cabin-house) oid, aa. [L, f. Gk kaktos cardoon]
ca'botag-e Coasting-trade. [F, f.
(-Ij), n. cad, Omnibus conductor hanger-on em-
n. ;

caboter to coast, etym. dub.] ployed about (esp. school & college) games
cabriolet* (-a), n. Light two- wheeled hooded member of lower classes person of low ;

one-horse chaise. [F, f. cabriole goat's leap f. It. manners person guilty or capable of un-
;

capribla (caprio f. L cuprum nom. -per goat)] gentlemanly conduct, blackguard, whence
caca'o, n. & a. Seed of tropical Amer. tree, ca'ddiSH a. [quoted f. 1831; prob. short for
1

giving cocoa & chocolate the tree (also c.-tree). ; cadet (cf. caddie) & started at Eton & Oxford
f. Mex. caca(-uatl
[Sp., -tree)] as name for townsmen]
ca'chalot (-shalot, -shalo), n. Kinds of cada'stpal, a. Of, showing, the extent,
whale with teeth in lower jaw, esp. Common value, &ownership, of land for taxation (esp.
C, Sperm whale. [F, = toothed f. Gascon c. survey). (F, f. cadastre f. L capitastriim
cachau large tooth] register of capita (caput head) units made for
cache (kash), n., v.t. Hiding-place for trea- & Roman capitatio terrena land-tax]
sure, provisions, ammunition, &c, esp. as used cadave'pie, a. (med. physiol.). Character- &
by explorers ; the hiding (make a c.) or stores istic of a corpse. [L cadaver corpse (perh. f.
hidden ; (vb) place in c. [F, f. cacher to hide f. cadere fall) + -ic]
L CO(actare collect frequent, of agere bring)] eada'verous, a. Corpse-like deadly pale, ;

cache'ctie (-k-), a. Of, suffering from, [f.F cadavereux f. L cadaverosus (prec, -OSE )] 1

cachexy, [f. Gk kakhektikos of cachexy] ca'ddie, n. Golf-player's attendant. [Sc.

ca'chei (-sha), n. Stamp (fig.), distinguishing (also cadie), f. F cadet 2
]
mark, internal evidence of authenticity, [obs. ca'ddis, -ice, n. Larva of May-fly &c, liv-
sense seal, cf. F lettre de c. letter under king's ing in water & making cylindrical case of
private seal (cacher see cache)] hollow stems &c, used as bait; also c.-bait,
cachexy (-k-), n. Ill-conditioned state of -worm, [also cad, cod, etym. dub.]
body or mind. [f. Gk kakhexia (caco- + hexis ca'ddy, n. Small box for holding tea. [f.
habit f. ekho hold, be)] Malay kati weight = 14 lb.]
ca'chinnate (-k-), v.i. Laugh loudly. So ca'dence, n. Rhythm measured move- ;

cachinxATioN n., ca'ehinnatORY a. [f. L ment, esp. of sound ; fall of voice, esp. at end
cachinnare, -ate 3
] of period ; intonation ; 'close of musical phrase.

ca-cholong- (-tsh-), n. Kind of opal. [f. Hence (-)ca'dencED 2 a. [F, f. It. cadenza
Kalmuck kaschtschilon beautiful stone] (L cadere fall, -ence)]
ca'ehou (-shoo), n. = catechu ; pill used by ea'deney, Descent of younger branch,
n.
smokers to sweeten_breath. [F, = cashew] cadetship. prec, -ency]
[as
cachwcha (-tshootsha), n. A dance. [Sp.] cade'nza (-tsa), n. (mus.). Flourish of voice
caci'que (-sek), n. W. -Indian & Amer.-In- or instrument at close of movement. [It.]
dian native chief. [Sp., f. Haytian] cade't 1 , n. Younger son student in naval ;

ca'ckle, v.i. & t., & n. (Make) clucking of or military college, whence cade'tSHiP n.
hen after laying (indulge in) glib noisy incon-
; member of Russian Constitutional-Democratic
sequent talk ; boast ; chuckle ; c. out &c, say party, [f. foil. f. loth-c capdet f. Rom. * capit-
cacklingly. Hence ea'eklER 1 n. [ME cake- etto dim. of L caput head = little chief]
len ; imit., cf. Du. kakelen, G gackeln\ cadet- (F), n. (Appended to surname of
 ;; ;

CADGE 115 CALCEOLARIA

younger brother for distinction, cf. a!ne) the cairn, Pyramid of rough stones as memo-
n.
younger (as Coquelin c). rial,sepulchre, landmark, &c. [f. Gael, earn]
cadge, v.i. & t. Go about peddling or beg- eairng-op'm, n. (Also c. stone) yellow or
ging get by begging, [pern. var. of catch]
; wine-coloured precious stone, [found on C,
ea'dger, n. Carrier ; itinerant dealer in Scotch mountain (Gael, cam gorvi blue cairn)]
eggs, butter, &c., between remote farms and cai'sson, n- Ammunition chest or wagon
towns; street hawker beggar, loafer, [-er 1 ] ; large water-tight case used in laying founda-
;

ca'cfi (kah-, ka-), n. Civil judge, usu. of town tions under water boat-shaped vessel used as ;

&c., among Turks, Arabs, Persians. [Arab.] dock gate. [F (cais.se f. L capsa case 2 -oon)] ,

Cadmean. See victory. eai'tiff, n. & a. (poet. & archaic). Base, des-
ca'dmium, Bluish-white metal resemb-
n. picable, (person) coward(ly). [f. ONF caitif ;

ling tin ; c.-yellow, intense yellow pigment. f.L captivus captive]

Hence eadmi'FEROUS, ca'dmic, aa. [f. obs. eajo'le, v.t. Persuade or soothe by flattery,
cadmia calamine f. L f. Gk kadmia (ge) Cad- deceit, &c. (also c. person into doi?ig, out of,
mean (earth), -ium] something; or c. something out of person).
cadre (kah'dr), n. Framework, scheme Hence cajo'leMENT, eajo'lER i, eajo ,
lERY(l),
(Mil.) permanent establishment of regiment nn., eajo'ling-LY 2 adv. [f. F cajoler etym.
forming nucleus for expansion at need. [F, f. dub. Cotgrave has also cageoler 'jangle like
;

It.quadro f. L quadrum square] a jay whence it has been referred to cage]

',

cadu'ceus, n. (pi. -el). Ancient herald's cake, n., & v.i. & t. Small flattish loaf of
\vand,esp. as carried by messenger-god Hermes.
[L, f. Gk karukion (kerux herald)]
bread (archaic, as in King Alfred the cc.)
thin oaten bread (Sc. & north. also oatc. land
& ;

; ;
eadireity, n., cadu'cous, a. Fleeting of cc, Scotland) (usu. Eng. sense) bread with ;

(nature) ; perishable(ness) ; (Zool. & Bot., of other ingredients besides flour, as currants,
organs and parts) falling off (n. & a.) when spice, eggs, sugar— the substance (c.) or (a c.) a
work is done. caducite (-TY), a. f. L[n. thr. F portion of it baked in a thick disk or ornamental
.caducus falling (cadere fall) + -ous] shape— flattish compact mass of other food
;
eae'eum (se-), n. (pi. -a). The blind gut, first (fish-c. pan i -c. or of any compressed substance
, )

part of large intestine in mammals &c. any ; (c. of soap, xcax, tobacco cc. and ale, merry- ;

tube with closed end. Hence eae'CAL, eae'ei- making; take the c, carry off the honours;
form, cae'calLY 2 adv., eaeerxis n. [L,
aa., cannot eat your c. and have it, do the impossi-
for intestinum caecum f. caecus blind] ble hence ca'kv 2 a. (Vb) form into compact
;

Caesar, n. Roman Emperor from Augustus flattish mass. [prob. f. ON kaka cf. G kuche
to Hadrian heir presumptive of later Roman
; etym. dub. (not cogn. with L coquere cook)]
Emperor; (loosely) any Roman Emperor; an ca'labash, n. Kinds of gourd whose shell
autocrat the civil power (Matt. xxii. 21). [L,
; serves for holding liquid fruit of American ;
familyname of C. Julius] C.-tree, so used pipe &c. made from these or ;

Caesa'rean, -ian, a. & n. Of Caesar or the of like shape, [f. F calebasse f. Sp. calabaga,
Caesars, imperial; C. birth, operation, delivery Sicil. caravazza, perh. f. Pers. kh arbuz melon]
of child by cutting walls of abdomen (as with ca'laber, -ar, n. Fur of grey squirrel,
Julius); (n.) adherent of Caesar or an auto- [prob. f. F Calabre Calabria]
cratic system, [f. L Caesarianus see -ean] calama'nco, n. Glossy Flemish woollen
Cae'sarism, -ist, nn. (Believer in) auto- stuff much used in 18th c. [etym. dub. cf. Du. ;

cracy. [-IS.M(3), -IST(2)] kalamink, F calmande]

cae'sious (se-), a. (bot.). Bluish or greyish calama'nder, n. Hard cabinet wood of Cey-
green,[f. L caesius + -ous] lon & India, [etym. dub. perh. f. Coromandel]
;

eae'sium (se-), n. (chem.). An alkali-metal, ca'lamary, n. Kinds of cuttlefish with

[as prec^f. its spectrum lines] pen-shaped internal shell, [f. L calamarius
caesura (-z-), n. (Clas. prosody) break (calamus pen, -ary 1 )]
between words within a metrical foot (Eng. ; calamine, n. A zinc ore found in England.
prosody) pause about middle of line. Hence [F, f. med. L calamina (L cadmia cadmium)]
caesupAL a. [L (caedere caes- cut, -ure)] ca'lamint, n. Kinds of aromatic herb. [ult.
ea'fe^ 1 (-a), n. Coffee-house, restaurant (esp. f. Gk kalaminthe]
foreign ; c. chantant, with music and entertain- ca'lamite, n. Fossil plant allied to Mare's
ments, often in open air). [F,=coffee(-house)] Tail. [f. L. calamus reed + -ite(2)J
cafe 2 (kafa ),
#
Coffee; c. au lait (6 la),
n. eala'mitous, a. Marked by, causing, cala-
with milk ; c. noir (nwahr), without milk. [F] mity. Hence eala'mitousLY 2 adv. [f. F
eaffe'ie, (chem.). Of coffee (esp. c. acid).
a. calamiteux f. L calamitosus see foil., & -itous]
[f. F
cafeique, see prec, -ic] eala'mity, n. Adversity, deep distress-,
ca'ffeine, n. Vegetable alkaloid found in grievous disaster, [f. F catamite f. L cala-
coffee & tea plants, [f.Fcafeine(CAFi:'l 2 ,-ine 5 )] > mitatem (-tv) cf. incolumis safe]
Caffpe. See kafir. ca/a'ndo, mus. direction. Diminish tone &
ca'ftan (also kaftah'n), n. Eastern long pace gradually. [It.]
under-tunic with waist girdle. Hence ea*f- cala'sh, n. Light low hooded carriage
tanED 2 a. [f. Turk, qaftan] (Canada) two- wheeled one-seated vehicle with
cage, n., & v.t. Fixed or portable prison, of driver's seat on splash-board woman's hooped ;

wire or barred, for birds or beasts prison (lit. ; silk hood. [f. F caleche f. Slav. (Boh. kolesa
or fig.) (Mining) frame for hoisting & lowering
; &c.)]
cars open framework of various kinds (vb)
; ; calc- comb, form = lime-; c.-sinter, crystal-
place or keep in c. [F, f. L cavea (cavus line deposit from lime-springs ; c.-spar, crys-
hollow) cf. rage f. rabies] tallized carbonate of lime ; c.-tujf, porous
caiman. See cayman. calcareous deposit, [f. kalk f. L calx -cis G
Cain, n. Fratricide, murderer. [Gen. iv] corrected to L spelling]
cainozo'ic (ki-), a. (geol.). Of the third geo- calcar'eous, -ious, a. Of, containing,
logical period (^tertiary, cf. palaeozoic, nxeso- carbonate of lime or limestone. Hence eal-
zoic). [f. Gk kainos new + zoon animal + -ic] car'eo-, comb. form. [f. L calcarius (calc-,
caique (ka-e *k), n. Light Bosporan row-boat -ary ') + -ous ; first spelling wrong but usu.]
Levantine sailing-ship. [F, f. Turk, kaik] calceolaria, n. Kinds of plant with flower
 ;;
; ;

CALCEOLATE 116 CALL

like ancient slipper, [f. L calceolus dim. of Hence ca'lendn v n. [f. F calandre(r) f. med.
calceus shoe + fern, of -arius -ary j ] L calendra t. L f. Gk kidindros roller]
ca'lceolate, a. (bot.). Slipper-shaped, [as cd'/ender 2 , n. Mendicant dervish in Turkey
prec., -ate 2] or Persia, [f. Pers. qalander]
ca'lcic, a. Of calcium, [-ic] calends, k-, n. pi. First of month in
ealerferous, a. Yielding carbonate of lime. Roman calendar onthe ; Greek C, never, [f. L
[CALC-, -I-, -FEROUS] kalendae(cal- cf. calare, Gk kaleo, proclaim)]
ca'lcify, v.t. & i. Convert, be converted, ca'lentupe, n. Tropical fever or delirium in
into lime replace by lime harden by deposit
; ; which sailors &c
leap into sea. [F, f. Sp. calen-
of salts of lime petrify. Hence ealei'Fic a.,
;
tura fever f. part. st. of L calere be hot, -ure]
calciFiCA'TioN n. [calo, -i-, -fv] calf 1 (kahf), n. (pi. -ves). Young of bovine
ea'leine, v.t. & i. Reduce to quick-lime or animal, esp. domestic cow, for first year (coiu
friable substance by roasting or burning desic- ; in, xoith, c, pregnant ; slip her c, suffer abor-
cate refine by consuming grosser part ; burn
; tion) golden c, wealth as object of worship
;

to ashes (intr.) suffer these processes. Hence

;
(Ex. xxxii) ; stupid fellow ; moon-c. ; child (so
ealeinATiON, ca'leinER 1 (2), nn. [f. med. L c.-love, childish love affair) ; (also calfskin) = c-
calcinare reduce to calx] leather, esp. in bookbinding (c.-bound) shoe- &
ca'leite, n. Native carbonate of lime. [f. L making ; young of elephant, whale, deer, ; &c
calx -cis lime + -ite l ] sea-c, seal; (Naut.) floating piece of ice; c-
ea'leium, n. Chem. element, yellow metal, knee, knock-knee; calfs teeth, milk teeth;
the basis' of lime (in many compd terms, as c. calves-foot jelly. Hence eal'fHOOD n., eal'f-
chloride). Hence calcio- comb. form, [as ishMI) a. [com.-Teut., cf. G kalb]
prec. + -ium] calf 2 (kahf), n. (pi. -ves). Fleshy hinder part
calculable, a. That may be reckoned, of leg-shank ; c. part of stocking. Hence eal'f-
measured, computed, or relied upon. Hence less, -ealvED-, aa. [f. kdlfi etym. dub.] OX
ca'lculaBi'LiTY n. [f L calculare (foil.), -able]
. Ca'liban, n. Man of degraded bestial nature.
calculate, v.t. & i. Compute (w. noun or [Shaksp., Tempest, see cannibal] &
clause, or abs. by figures ascertain beforehand
) ; ea'libpate, v.t. Find calibre of; calculate
(event, date, &c.) by exact reckoning ; plan de- irregularities of (tube, gauge) before graduat-
liberately (t. &
i., esp. in intr. part. p.p. = & ing. Hence ealibPA'TiON n. [foil. + -ate 3 ]
cold-blooded, selfish); (usu. pass.) arrange, ea'libpe (-er), ea'libep, n. Internal diameter
adapt, (conduct, apparatus, &c.) for (purpose), of gun or any tube weight of character, stand-
;

to (do) (in p.p.) fit, suitable, to do ; rely upon

; ;
(U.S.) suppose, believe. Hence ca'lculATiVE a.
[f. L calculare
(calculus), -ate 3]
calcula'tion, n. (Result got by) reckoning
forecast. [F, f. L calculationem (prec, -ation)]
ea'leulatop, n. In vbl senses also set of
tables for use in calculation calculating-
machine. [L (calculate, -or 2 )]
ing, importance. Hence -ea'libPED 2 a. [F
(-br-e), f. It. calibro perh. f. Arab, qalib mould]
ea'liele, n. (biol.). Small cup-like body. So
cali*culAR 1 a. [f. L caliculus dim. of calix cup]
ea'lico, n. & a. (Of) cotton cloth, esp. plain
; : white unprinted, bleached or unbleached (c-
; ball, dance at which only cotton dresses are
worn) c.-printer, -ting, producer, production,
;

calculous, a. Of. suffering from, stone or of coloured patterns on c [orig. Calicut-cloth

calculus, [f. L calculosus (foil., -ose 1 )] f. town on Malabar coast]
ca'lculus, n. (pi. -I). (Med.) stone, concretion ca'lipash, ca'lipee, nn. Gelatinous sub-
in some part of body (renal &c. c. f. the particu- stances in turtle regarded as dainties (-ash,
lar part ; uric acid &c. c. f. its composition) dull green next upper shell -ee, light yellow ;

(Math.) particular method of calculation, as next lower shell). [perh.W.-Ind.; perh. -ash =
differential, integral, c. [L, = small stone (calx & -ee formed for distinction it]
carapace, f.
-cis stone, -ule) used in reckoning on abacus] -if, n. Successor of Mohammed,
ca'liph,
caldar'ium, n. (archaeol.). Roman hot bath Mohammedan chief civil & religious ruler.
room. [f. L calidus hot, see -ary 1 ] Hence ea'liphATE 1 n. [f. F caliphe f. med. L
caldpon. See cauldron. calipha f. Arab, khalifah successor]
Caledo'nian, a. & n. (Xative) of ancient ca'lix, n. (physiol. pi. -ices). Cup-like cavity ;

Scotland (also used in mod. titles of clubs &c,
& facetious! y= Scotch or Scot), [f. L Caledonia
northern Britain, -ax]
calefa'cient, a. & n. (Medical agent) pro-
ducing warmth. So ealefa'CTiox n., ca*le-
factiVE a. [f. L calefacere (calere be warm,
facere make), -Ext, -ant]
or organ. [L, = cup, often confused w. L calyx]
calk 1 (kawk), v.t., & n. (Provide with)
sharp iron to prevent horse-shoe or boot from
slipping, [f. L calx calcis heel, cf. calkin]
calk^(cawk), v.t. Trace by colouring back
of design & pressing along outlines, [f. F cal-
quer f It. & L calcare tread]
.

ealefa'etopy, a. & n. Producing warmth cal'kin (kaw-, also kal-), n. Turned-down

(Archaeol.) warm room in monastery, [f. L heels of horse-shoe, also turned edge in front,
calefactorius see prec, -tory] esp. when sharpened in frost iron guards on ;

catembour (F), n. Pun. boots or shoes, [perh. f. OF calcain heel f. L

calendar *, n. System by which beginning, calcaneum (calx calcis heel)]
length, &
subdivision, of civil year is fixed, call 1 (kawl), v.t. i. &
1. Cry, shout, speak
esp. the Gregorian c, used in Engl, from 1752 ; loudly, (lit. &
fig. &c, as) : (bird, trumpet, &c)
table(s) with months, weeks, festivals &c, of & utter characteristic note ; cry out ; cry to (per-
a given year, or with dates important for cer- son) signal (for trumps) ; pay brief visit (at
;

tain classes, as Gardener's c. register, list, esp.

; house, on person) ; read over (names to ascer-
of canonized saints, prisoners for trial, or docu- tain presence) ; c. for, order, demand, need, go
ments chronologically arranged with sum- & fetch c. on, invoke, appeal to. 2. Summon
;

maries c.-month. [f. OF calendier f. L calen-

; (lit. & fig. &c, as) demand presence of (cab,:

darium account-book (calends, -ary j )] witness, actor after curtain ; c. into being,
ea'lendap 2, v.t. Register, enter in list; create ; c. to account 2 c. into play, give scope ;

arrange, analyse, & index (documents), whence for ; c. in question, dispute ; c. to mind Sec,
ca*lendaPER x n. [f. prec] also c. up, recollect ; c. away, off, divert, dis-
ea'lendep 1 , v.t.. & n. Press (cloth, paper, tract c. in money lent, doctor &c. for advice ;
;

&c.) in a c. or roller-machine to smooth it. c. forth, elicit : c. out, elicit, challenge to duel
 ; ;;

CALL 117 CAM

c. over the coals c. up, imagine) rouse from ; ; ca'lomel, n. (med.). Mercurous chloride
sleep fix the moment for (c. case in law court
; used as purgative. [F, f. Gk kalos fair, melas
c. a halt c. a meeting) ;urge, invite, nominate, ; black (explained anecdoticallyin various ways)]
(duty, pleasure, calls; many are called c. to ; ealope'scenee, n. (physics). Change of
the bar 1 ministry c. attention to c. to wit-
, ; ; heat-rays to light-rays. [for calescence (L
ness). 3. (with n. or adj. as compl.) name, de- calescere grow hot) by confusion w. foil.]
scribe as, (c. a spade a spade c. him John, ; calopi-, comb, form of L calor heat in Phy-
c. him by the name of John c. person names, ; sics & Physiol. Hence ealo'piFACiENT, ealo-
abuse him c. cousins with) consider, regard
; ; pi'Fic, ealo*piME-TRic(AL), aa., calopi'fic-
as, (c. that mean) c. (thing) one's own, possess. ; ALLY adv., CalO*PiFICA"TION, CalOPi'METER,
[f. ON kalla, com.-Teut. cf. Du. kallen] -metry, nn., ealo'piFY v.t.
call 2, n. Shout, cry;' (also c. -over) = roll-c. ; calo'pic, n. Heat; c.-engine, driven by hot
special cry of bird &c, imitation of this, instru- air. [f. F calorique (L calor heat, -ic)]
ment imitating it; signal on bugle &c, sig- ea'lopie, n. (physics). Unit of heat. [F, f. L
nalling-whistle looking-in on business (so ; calor heat + -ie (-Y i)
irregularly used]
house of c.) short formal visit {pay c, make
; cald'Pimotop, n. Voltaic battery with
one) invitation, summons, (to actor for ap-
; large plates generatingheat. [calori- +motor]
plause to the bar x from God, conscience, or
; ; calo'tte, n. Skull-cap of priests &c. [F,
congregation, to be pastor) duty, need, occa- ; dim. of cale caul]
sion, (no demand for money, esp.
c. to blush) ; C£tlp, n. Irish dark-grey limestone. [?]
for unpaid capital from company shareholders ea'ltpop, n. Four-spiked iron ball thrown
(St. Exch.) option of claiming stock at given on ground to maim cavalry horses kinds of :

date c.-loan, -money, lent subject to recall

; plant, as Star-thistle, [found earliest as plant
without notice at, xoithin, c, ready for orders ; name but prob. transf. f. the iron f. L calx
; ;

c.-boy, prompter's attendant summoning actors; -cis heel + LL trappa f. trapo trap] OHG
c.-day, -night, at Inns of Court, for calling stu- ea'lumet, n. Amer.-Ind. clay-oowled reed-
dents to bar. [f. prec] stemmed tobacco - pipe symbol of peace ; ;

cal'leP 1 , n. In vbl senses esp., person who
pays call or visit, [-er x ]
ea'llep 2, a. (Sc). Fresh, not decaying, (of
herring &c.) cool (of air). [?]
calligraphy (ka-), n. Beautiful hand-
; smoke the c. together, make peace. [F, esp.
Fr.-Canadian form of chalumet tube f. L cala-
melius dim. of calamus reed]
; ealu'mniate, v.t. Slander. Hence or cogn.
ealumniATioN, ealirmniatOR 2 nn., ca- ,

writing; handwriting. So ea*lliGRAPH(l, 2, 3) lirmniaroRY a. [f. L calumniari, see -ate 3 ]

n. & v.t., ealli'GRAPHER, ealli'g-paphiSTU), calu-mnious, a. Given to, marked by,
nn., ealliGRA'PHic a. [ult. f. Gk kalligraphia calumny. Hence ealirmniousLY 2 adv. [if.
(kallos beauty, -graph)] L ealunmiosus (see foil., -ous)]
cal'lingv n. In vbl senses also or esp. ; : calumny, n. Malicious misrepresentation ;
divine summons to salvation or self-devotion ; false charge slanderous report, [f. L calumnia
;

impulse to do something as right occupation, ; (& F calomnie) f. calvi deceive]

profession, trade persons following a particu- ; Ca'lvapy, n. Place, (R.-C. Ch.) representa-
lar business, [-ing 2
] tion, of Crucifixion, [f. calvaria skull (cal- L
ca*l(l)ipep, compasses or n. & a., & v.t. C. vus bald) transl. of Golgotha, Matt, xxvii. 33]
cc, compasses with measuring bowed legs for calve (kahv), v.i. t. Give birth to a calf&
diameter of convex bodies, or with out-turned (esp. in pass, of calf) give birth to (of iceberg ;

points for measuring calibre c.-sguare, rule ; &c.) throw off mass of ice. [OE cealfian (calf x )J
with movable cross-heads for taking internal -calved. See calf 2 .

or external diameters (vb) measure with cc. ; Ca'lvinism, n. Calvin's theology (esp. the
[prob. =calibre] doctrines of Particular election & redemption,
eallisthe'nie, a. Suitable for producing Moral inability in a fallen state, Irresistible
strength with beauty (esp. of girls' gymnastics). grace, Final perseverance) adherence to this. ;

Hence eallisthe'nics n. [f. Gk kallos beauty So Ca*lviniST(2) n. & a., Calvini'stic(AL)

+ sthenos strength + -ic] aa., Calvini'sticalLY 2 adv., ea'lvinizE (4)
ealld'sity, n. Abnormal hardness & thick- v.i. & t. [John Calvin, 1509-1564]
ness of skin hardened insensible part, lump, ; calx, n. (pi. calces). Powder or friable sub-
(from friction, or natural as on horses' legs). stance left when a metal or mineral has been
[f. F callosity f. L callositatem (see foil, -tv)] burnt, residuum. [L, genit. calcis, lime]
ca'llous, a. (Physiol., Zool.) hardened, hard, ealye-, ealyei-, st. of calyx. Calyei-
(of parts of skin) ; (of person, heart, &c. unfeel- ) flop'AL, -flop* ate 2 -flop'ous, aa., with ,

ing, insensible, whence ea'llousxESS n. [f. L stamens & petals inserted in calyx ea'lyei- ;

callosus (callum or callus, -ose 1

)] form a. caly'einAL, ca'lyeiNE 2 aa., having
; ,

ea'llaw, Unfledged downy like young

a. ; a, on the, calyx; caly'cinAR 1 a., = -al, also
birds; raw, inexperienced (Irish, a. & n.) low- ; (of flower) double by increase of calyx-lobes
lying, often flooded, (meadow). [OE calu f. ea'lycoiD, ealyeoi'dEous, aa.
WG kalwo- (cf. G kahl) perh. f. L calvus bald] ea'lyele, n. (hot.). Row of bracts surrounding
ca'llus, n. (physiol., path., hot.). Thickened calyx-base adherent crown of seed. Hence
;

part of skin or soft tissue bony material ; or cogn. ea'lyelED 2 ealyeulAR 1 ealyeu- , ,

formed while bone-fracture heals. [L] Iate 2 aa. [f. L caly cuius dim. of calyx (-ule)]
,

calm 1 (kahm), n. Stillness, serenity, (of ealyptP-, st. of bot. terms = having, like,
weather, air, sea, the mind, social or political a hood. [f. Gk kaluptra veil (kalupto to cover)]
conditions) a c, windless period, [f. F calme
; ea'lyx, n. (Bot.) whorl of leaves (sepal)
f. It., Sp., or Port., calma perh. (with infl. of forming outer case of bud (for derivatives see
L calor heat) f. Gk kauma heat (kaio burn)] calyc-); (Physiol. & Biol.) = calix. [L, f. Gk
ealm 2 , a., & v.t. & i. Tranquil, quiet, wind- kalux (cf. kalupto to cover) case of bud, husk]
less, (lit. & fig.) ; hence eal'mLY 2 adv., eal'm- earn, n. Projecting part of wheel &c. in
ness n. (Vb) make c, pacify ; (intr. ; alw. w. machinery, grooved, toothed, or otherwise
down) become c. [f. F calme n. & a., see prec] adapted to convert circular into reciprocal or
ea'lmative ialso kahm-), a. & n. (med.). variable motion, [var. of comb, cf. Du., Da.,
Calming (agent), sedative, [prec. + -ative] Sw., kam, G kamm]
 ; ;

CAMARADERIE 118 CAN

camara'derie' (-ahdere), n. The intimacy, (courts & cc.) ; temporary quarters of nomads,
mutual trust, & sociability, of comrades. [F] gypsies, travellers camping - out persons
; ;

camari'lla, n. Cabal, clique, junto. [Sp.] camping out ; adherents of a doctrine c.-bed, ;

ea'mber, Slight convexity

n., & v.i. & t. -chair, -stool, folding and portable; c.-colour,
above, arched form, (of beam, deck, &c.) (also ;
flag used in marking out c. ; c.-fever, esp.
c.-bcam) slightly arched beam (vb) have, im- ;
typhus c.-follower, non-military hanger-on of
;

part to (beam &c), such convexity, [f. F cam- camp, male or female; c.-meeting, American
bre(r) f. L camerare to vault (camera)] religious open-air or tent meeting lasting
Cambepwell Beauty, n. A butterfly. several days. [F, f. It. or Sp. campo (cf. F
ea'mbist, n. Expert in, manual of, ex- champ direct) f. L campus level ground, esp.
changes; dealer in bills of exchange. If. F the Campus Martius, exercising-ground]
cambiste f. L cambium exchange, -ist] camp & t. Encamp, lodge in c. (also
2, v.i. ;

ea'mbium, n. Cellular tissue, below bark c.-out) lodge in tent or the open, take up quar-
of exogens, in which annual growth of wood ters station (troops) in c. [f. F caviper (prec.)]
;

& bark occurs. [L, = exchange] Campagna (-ah'nya), n. The C, Italian

ea'mbrel, Butcher's bent wood or iron
n. plain S.E. of Tiber, [f. L Campania (camp 1

for slinging carcases by ankles, [perh. f. W campaign, n., & v.i. Continuous series of
)]

cambren (cam crooked + pren wood)] military operations organized course of action, ;

Ca'mbrian, a. & n. Welsh(man) ; (Geol.) esp. (Pol.) attempt to rouse public opinion for
(of) palaeozoic rocks lying below the Silurian in or against a policy; Plan of C, in Ireland
Wales & Cumberland, [f. L Cambria var. of 1886-7 for forcing landlords to reduce rents.
Cumbria f. Celt. Cymry Welshman or Cymru (Vb) serve on a c. hence eampaigpriER 1 n. ;

Wales (OCelt. Combrogcs compatriots)] [f. F campagne open country, campaign, f. It.

ea'mbpie, a, & n. (Of) fine white linen hand- campagna (cf. F champagne champaign)] ;

kerchiefs. [Cambray orig. place of making] campani'le (-ell), n. Bell-tower, usu. de-
came n. Grooved slip of lead as used in tached. [It., f. campana bell]
1
,

lattice windows, [cf. Sc. calm casting-mould] eampano'lo-jEfy, n. The subject of bells
came 2 See come. . (founding, ringing, &c). Hence campano'-
ca'mel, n. Large hornless ruminant long- loger, eampano'LOGiST, nn., ea'mpano-
necked cushion -footed quadruped with lo'gieAL a. [f. LL campana bell + -logy]
(Arabian) one hump or (Bactrian) two humps campanula, n. Kinds of plant with bell-
thing hard to believe or put up with (Matt. shaped flowers, usu. blue or white, as Canter-
xxiii. 24) machine for floating ship over shoals bury Bell.
; Hence campa'nuLvcEOUS a.
&c. ; c.-brown, fishing-fly; c.'s-hair, made of [mod. L, dim. of campana bell]
c.'s hair or (paint-brushes) of squirrel's tail campanulate, a. (zool. & bot.). Bell-
hairs. [OE, kamelos f. Semit, f. L f. Gk (cf. [as prec. + -ate 2
shaped, ]
Heb. gamal camel, Arab, jamala carry)] ca'mphop, n. Whitish translucent crystal-
cameleer*, n. Camel-driver, [-eer] line volatile substance with aromatic smell
came'llia, n. Flowering evergreen from and bitter taste. Hence camphoTic a. [f. F
China & Japan. [Kamel, Jesuit & botanist, -ia 1 ] camfre, med. L camphora, f. Arab, kafur f.

eame'lopapd (or ka -), n. =the now usu. -

Malay kapur chalk]
giraffe, [f. L camelopardus f. Gk camelopar- ca'mphopate, v.t. Impregnate or treat
dallS (CAMEL, PARD)] with camphor, [-ate 3 ]
ea'melpy, n. Troops on camels, [-ry] ca'mpion, n. Kinds of flowering plant, esp.
Ca'membept (-ar, or as F), n. Small soft the Red and the White C. [?]
richNorman cheese, [name of village] ca'mpshed, v.t. Face with campshot.
ca'meo, n. Piece of relief -carving in stone ca'mpshot, ca'mpshedding', ca'mp-
(sardonyx, agate, &c.) with colour-layers uti- sheetingr, nn. Facing of piles boarding to &
lized to give background (cf. intaglio), ff. It. resist water-action on, or out-thrust of, a bank,
cameo cf. med. L cainmaeus etym. dub.] [etym. dub. ; cf. wainscot]
ca'raera, n. In camera (Lat.), in the judge's ea'mpylo- comb, form in , bot. terms = bent-,
private room, not in open court (for c. obscura) ; [f. Gk kampulos\
photographing-apparatus; c. obscura, lucida ca'mwood, n. Hard red W.- African wood
(L, = dark, light, chamber), two kinds of appa- yielding dye. [native name kambil]
ratus projecting on paper, for tracing, image can 1 v.t.
, n., &
Vessel for liquids, usu. of
of distant object. [L, = vault, cf. Gk kamara metal, esp. tin, and with handle over top,
anything with arched cover] whence ea*nFUL(2) n. ; c.-buoy, large conical
Camero'nian, a. & n. (Follower) of Richard buoy over sands &c. ; c.-dock, water lily;
Cameron or his doctrines Scottish reformed ; (U.S.) (put in a) tin-plate box for hermetijc
Presbyterian (pi.) first battalion Scottish sealing (meat, fish, fruit, &c), whence
Rifles (formed orig. of Cc). [-ian]
;

-
(-)ea'nnER 1 n. [com.-Teut. ; ca?»ie f. OE WG
ea*misole,n. Woman's loose neglige jacket. kanna cf. G kanne]
[F,f. Sp^camisola (camisa, chemise)] can 2 , v.aux. (2 s., canst; 3 s., can; neg.,
ea'mlet, n. Light cloth of various materials cannot, can't past & condit., could, couldst or
;

for cloaks &c. a costly Eastern stuff of [orig. couldest infin., part., & p.p., wanting defec-
; ;

silk & camel's hair f. F camelot perh. f. camel, ; tive parts supplied f. be able to). Be able to
perh. f. Arab, khaml hap] have the right to be permitted to (you can go ; ;

ca'mmoek, n. Rest-harrow kinds of yel- ; also as mild imperat.); could, feel inclined to
low-flowered plant. [OE cammoc etym. dub.] (could laugh for joy really coiddn't think of ;

ca'mamile, eh-, n. Aromatic creeping it) cannot away with (with ellipse) will do
; ;

composite plant with daisy-like flowers used what I can. [OE cunnan, com.-Teut., cf. G
as tonic allied kinds of plant, Dog's, Stinking.
; kbnnen, OTeut. sense know, cogn. w. ken,
Purple, C. c.-tea, infusion of the flowers, [f.
; know, & w. L (g)nosco, Gk gignosko, learn as ;

F camomille f. L chamomilla f. Gk khamai- in dare, may, must, the tense used as pres. is
melon earth-apple] an old past, could being a later development
Camo'rra, n. Secret society in Naples &c. could (earlier cuthe, couthe, coud) has -I- merely
camp :
, n. Place where troops are lodged in on anal, of woidd, shoidd; infin. can is now
tents &c. ; army on campaign ; military life obs. or a conscious archaism or jocular exc. in
 ;: ;;

CANAAN 119 CANKER

Sc; part, cunning now only as
orig. sense know]
Ca'naan (-nyan, -nan), n. of promise,
paradise. [O.-T. name of Palestine]
Ca'nada, a. Of, from, C. (in names of plants,
animals, products, as C. balsam).
Cana*dian,a. &n. (Native) of Canada, [-ian]
canaille (F), n. The
cana'l, n., & v.t. (-11-). Duct in plant or
animal body for food, liquid, air, &c. artificial
watercourse for inland navigation (ec. of Mars,
markings of doubtful nature on planet Mars)
(Zool.) groove in shell for protrusion of breath-
adj., preserving candidate, n. One who puts himself or is
put forward for appointment to an office or
Land honour; person thought likely to gain any
position, [f. L candidates, as prec, -ate 2 (2),
orig. white-robed (Roman cc. wearing white)]
candidature (-tsher), n. Standing for
election, being candidate. [F, as prec. + -ure]
rabble. candied. See candy.
candle, n. Cylinder of wax, tallow, sper-
; maceti, &c, enclosing wick, for giving light
c.-power) unit of light - measurement
(also
Roman c, firework, tube discharging coloured
ballscan't, is not fit to, hold a c. to, is not to
;

ing-tube. (Vb) make c. through provide with ;

be compared with ; sell by inch ofc, by auction,
cc. [F, f. L canalis] last bid before small candle expires winning
canali'culate(d), a. (nat. hist, ). With longi- &
bell book c. ; game not xvorth the c, result not
tudinal groove(s) ; striated, [f. L. canaliculus justifying the cost or trouble ; burn 2 c. at both
dim. Of CANALIS + -ATE 2 3] > ends hide c. tinder bushel ; candleberry-
;

canalize, = canal vb
convert (river)
v.t. ; myrtle (N.-Amer.), candleberry-tree (Moluccas),
into canal by embanking, straightening course, yielding wax &
nut-kernels used for cc. ; c-
locks, &c. Hence canalizA'TiON n. [prob. f. ends, remnants of c, odds-&-ends hoarded by
F canaliser (canal + -ize)] the stingy; candlelight, light of cc, any arti-
ca'nape (-a), n. Piece of fried bread with ficial light, evening ; candlestick, support for
anchovies &c. [F] (usu. single) c ; c.-tree, Amer., with c.-like
canard (ka'nar, kanar'd, or as F), n. False fruit some
feet long. [OE candel f. L candela
reportjjioax. [F, = duck, false report] {candere shine)]
&
canar'y, a. n. From the C. Islands ; (also Candlemas (-as), n. Feast of purification
c.-bird) yellow-feathered song-bird (green in of Virgin Mary; (as date) 2nd Feb. [OE
wild state) ; (also C.-xcinc) a favourite wine in Candelmxsse (candle, mass ]
)]
16th-18th cc. ; yellow fishing-fly; c. -coloured, candour, n. Open-mindedness, imparti-
bright yelloAv ; C. creeper, yellow-flowered used ality freedom from malice frankness,
; ; [f. L
csp. in window-boxes ; c.-seed, used as food for candor whiteness {candere shine, -or 1 )]
the bird. [f. Canarie f. Sp. F Canaria &L eandy, n., & v.t. & i. Crystallized sugar
(canis dog), one of the islands being noted in made by repeated boiling and slow evaporation
Roman times for large dogs] (also sugar-c). (Vb) preserve by coating w ith r

cana'step, n. Tobacco prepared by coarsely c form; (t, & i.) into crystals ; (p.p.) glistening,
breaking the dried leaves, [orig. the rush (archaic) honeyed, flattering, [f. F (sxicre)
basket used for packing it ; f. Sp. canastra f. candi f. Arab.-Pers. qand crystallized sugar-
*L f. Gk kanastron basket see canister] cane juice cf. Skr. khanda piece]
cancan (F), n. Indecent dance. candytuft, n. Plant with white, pink, or
cancel v.t. 1
, Obliterate, cross out,
(-11-). purple flowers in flat tufts, [f. obs. Candy
annul, make
void, abolish, countermand, neu- (Candia Crete) + tuft]
tralize, balance, make up for; (Arith.) strike cane *, n. Hollow jointed stem of giant reeds
out (same factor) f r.pm numerator denomina- & & grasses (bamboo, sugar c) or solid stem of
tor, from two sides of equation, &c. Hence slenderpalms (rattan, Malacca, &c) collectively
eancellA'TioN n. [f. F canceller f. L cancel- & as material (c), or with pi. (a c, cc.) of the
lare (cancelli cross-bars, lattice)] stem or a length of it used for walking-stick or
cancel 2, n. Countermand; suppression & instrument of punishment any slender walk- ;

reprinting of sheet set up, the suppressed or ing-stick stick of sealing-wax, sulphur, glass
;

the substituted sheet ; {pair of) cc, pincers for c.-apple, Strawberry-tree c.-brake, genus of ;

punching tickets, [f. prec] grasses; c.-chair, with seat of woven c strips.
eaneellate(d), a. (bot, &zool.). Marked with Hence canv 2 a. [OF (now cannc), f. L f. Gk
crossing lines, reticulated (of bone) formed of kanna reed perh. f. Semit. cf. Heb. qctneh]
;

interlacing fibres & plates with cavities, porous. cane 2 , v.t. Beat withe, whence eaniNGMl)
[f. L cancellatus (cancel 1 -ate 2 3 )] n. drive (lesson) into (person) with c insert c.
, »
; ;

cancellous, a. (Of bone) = prec. [-ous] into (chair- frame &c). [f. prec]
ea'neer, C-, n. Zodiacal constellation the cane' phorus, n. (pi. -i). Sculptured Greek
Crab (C-) fourth sign of zodiac (C-) tropic youth or maid bearing basket on head at feast
; ;

of C. malignant tumour eating the part it is of Demeter.

; [L, f. Gk kanephoros (kaneon
in, spreading indefinitely, & recurring when basket, phero carry)]
removed, (fig.) evil (sloth, bribery, &c.) acting cang-ue (kangg), cang, n. Heavy wooden
similarly, whence eaneePED 2 cancerous, board worn round neck by Chinese criminals.
,

aa. [OE (later canker, corrected to -cer for dis- [F (-gue), f. Port, cango cf. canga yoke]
ease c. 1600) f L cancer -cri crab, cancer tumour
. canine (also kani'n), a. & n. Of, as of, a dog
;

named from swollen veins, like crab's limbs] or dogs; c. tooth or c, one of the four strong
cancroid, a. & n. Crab-like like cancer. pointed teeth between incisors & molars, [f. L
;

(N.) crustacean of crab family disease like caninus (canis dog, -ine )]
;
1

cancer, [as prec. + -oid] eanistep, n. Small box usu. of metal for
eandela'bpum, n. (pi. -bra ; also sing, -bra, tea, shot, &c. ; (R.-C.Ch.) vessel holding wafers
Large, usu. branched, candlestick or
pi. -bras). before consecration c.-shot or c., = CASE, 2 -shot.
;

lampstand. [L (-urn), f. candela candle] [f. L canistrum f. Gk. kanastron wicker basket
eande'seent, a. Glowing (as) with white (kanna cane 1 )]
heat. Hence cande'seENCE n. [f. L cande- eankep, v.t. &
Ulcerous disease of
n.,
scere (candere be white, -escent)] human mouth disease of horse's foot disease
; ;

ca'ndid, Unbiased not censorious

a. ; of fruit-trees (fig.) corrupting influence, rotten
;

frank c. friend, nominal friend glad to tell

; tendency; c.-xvorm or c, caterpillar or larva
home-truths. Hence eandidLY 2 adv., ea'n- destroying leaves or buds c.-rash, variety of ;

didNESS n. [f. L candidus white, see prec] l

scarlet fever with ulcerated throat ; hence
 ;; )

CANNA 120 CANTILEVER

ea'nkerous a. ( Vb) consume with c. ; infect, ca'nonist, Canon-lawyer. Hence can-
n.
oni'stic(AL) aa. [f. F canonists (canon, -ist)]
corrupt (p.p.) soured, malignant, crabbed, [f.
;

ONF canere f. L cancrum nom. cancer] ea'nonize, v.t. Admit formally to calendar
ca'nna, n. Plant with bright yellow, red, of saints regard as a saint recognize (book)
; ;

or orange flowers & ornamental leaves. [L as canonical sanction by church authority.

;

(CANE )] 1 So ea'nonizA'TiON n. [f. med, L canonizare

ea'nnel, n. (Also c.-co«7) bituminous coal (canon, -ize)]
burning with bright flame & used in making ca'nopy, n., & v.t. Covering suspended or
coal oik & gas. [perh. f. candle] held over throne, bed, person, &c. (also fig. of
ea'nnibal, eats humann. & a. Man who any overhanging shelter, sky, &c); (Arch.)
flesh ;
own species hence
animal feeding on its ; roof-like projection over niche &c. vb) supply, ; (

ca-nnibalis.M(2) n., cannibalistic a. (Adj.) be, such a covering to. [f. F canape (now)

of, having, these habits. [16th-c. E & Sp. Cani- couch f. med. Lcanopeianf. Gk konopeion mos-
bales var. of Caribnameof W.-Ind. nation
pi., ;
quito net (konops gnat)]
Caliban prob. another variant]
is canop'ous, a. Melodious, resonant, [f. L
ea'nnikln, n. Small can. [-kin] canorus (canor song f. canere sing) + -ous]
ea'nnon 1
, n. 1. (Now being ousted by gun) cant n. Bevel, oblique face, of crystal, 1
,

piece of ordnance, gun of the kind that needs bank, &c. push, toss, movement, that partly ;

mounting, (collect, sing. usu. instead of pi.); or quite upsets tilted or sideways position
; ;

c.-ball, projectile ; c.-bone, tube-shaped bone c. -board, sloping board, [cf. Du. kant, OF cant,

between hough fetlock; fired at & c.-clock, It. canto, corner, edge, &c, perh. f. L f. Gk
noon by burning-glass. 2. (Mech. hollow cylin- ) kanthos corner of eye]
der moving independently on shaft watchkey ; &
cant 2, v.t. i. (Trans.) bevel off; tilt turn ;

barrel. 3. (Also c.-bit) smooth round bit for over, turn upside down
push, pitch, sideways. ;

horse. 4. (Billiards) hitting of two balls suc- (Intr. take inclined position lie aslant (Naut.
) ; ;

cessively (Also c.-curl)

by player's ball. 5. swing round, [f. prec]
sausage-shaped, prop, horizontal, curl, [in 16th cant 3, n. & a., & v.i. Peculiar language of
c. also canon f. F canon cf. It. cannone great class, profession, sect, &c, jargon temporary ;

tube (canna cane 1 -oon) sense i is corrup- , ; catchwords (esp. as adj., c. phrase Sec.) words ;

tion of obs. carom short for carambole (F, f. Sp. used for fashion without being meant, unreal
carambola etym. dub.) sense 5=obs. canion f. ; use of words implying piety hypocrisy. Vb) ; (

Sp. cahon ornamental roll on breeches-legs use talk of these kinds (Herald.) canting arms, ;

(canna as above)] heraldry, coat, containing allusion to name of

ea'nnon 2 , v.i. Make a c. at billiards (of bearer hence ea'ntER l n. [earlier of musi-
;

player or ball) come into collision, strike ; cal sound, of intonation, & of beggars' whining,
obliquely, against, with. [f. prec] perh. f. singing of religious mendicants prob. f. ;

cannona'de, n., & v.t. &

Continuous gun- i. hcantus song, cantare frequent, of canere sing]
fire. (Vb) fire can't. See can
continuously bombard, fire fast ;
2.

at. [cannon l + -ade] Ca'ntab, n. Cantabpi'gian, n. & a. (Mem- ,

cannot. See can 2 ber) of Cambridge University, [f. L Cantabri-

.

ca'nny, a. Shrewd, worldly-wise natural, gia Cambridge +_-an] ;

safe to meddle with, (esp. w. neg.); thrifty; ca'ntaloup (-oop), n. Kind of melon. [F, f.
gentle, quiet, circumspect, (ca' c, Sc. for drive It. Cantalupo in Italy]
or go gently, as name for trade-union policy of canta'nkepous, a. Cross-grained, quarrel-
limiting output) sly, pawky. Hence ea'nni- ; some. Hence eanta'nkerousLY 2 adv.,
ly 2 adv., ca'nniNESS n. [Sc. wd (w. senses canta'nkerousxESS n. [perh. f. ME contak
differing f. above) f. can 2 know + -Y 2 ] contention on anal, of traitorous, rancorous]
canoe* (-oo), n., & v.i. (Go in, paddle) boat eanta'ta (-tab.-), n. (mus.). Choral work, kind
propelled with paddle(s). Hence eanoe'iST(3) of short oratorio, or lyric drama set to music
n. [f. Sp. & Haytian canoa] but not acted. [It. {cantare sing, -ata -ade)]
ca'non, n. Church decree c. law, eccl. law ; cantatri'ce (-etsha, -es), n. Professional
general law governing treatment of a subject woman singer. [It. & F]
criterion list of Bible books accepted by
; canteen, n. Provision & liquor shop in
Church part of Mass containing words of con- camp or barracks box of cooking-utensils for
; ;

secration (Mus.) piece with different parts

; use in camp soldier's water- vessel of tin, wood,
;

taking up same subject successively in strict &c [f. F cantine f. Tt. cantina cellar etym. dub.]
imitation; (Typ.) largest size of type with ea'nter, n., & v.i. & t. Easy gallop [win in
specific name metal loop on bell for hanging ; a c, easily). (Vb) go at this pace (of horse
it member of cathedral chapter, whence
; or rider) make (horse) go thus, [short for
;

ea*nonRY(2) n. minor c. [OE, f. L f. Gk
kanon rule [kanna cane) in last sense short
for canonic, meaning (person) living (with
others) according to rule]
canon. See canyon.
eano'nieal, a. & n., cano'nic, a. (archaic).
Appointed by canon law (c. hoars, for prayer,
or for celebration of marriage, 8 a.m. to 3 p.m.
c. dress, of clergy, also cc. as n. pi. included
; Canterbury pace, gallop, trot, &c, f. easy pace
; of Canterbury pilgrims]
Canterbury, n. Stand with partitions for
music &c
Canterbury Bell, n. Kind of Campanula,
[f. bells of Canterbury pilgrims' horses]
eantha'Pides, n. pi. (med.). Dried Spanish
Fly. [L, pi. of L f. Gk kantharis blister-fly]
) ; ea'ntiele, n. Little song, hymn one of the ;

in canon of Scripture C. Epistles, the seven ; Prayer-Book hymns, as the Benedicite, Nunc
of Peter, James, John, Jude authoritative, ; Dimittis, Te Deum Canticles, Song of Solo- ;

standard, accepted; (Mus.) in canon form; of mon, [f. L canticulum dim. of canticum song
a cathedral chapter or a member of it. Hence (cantus song f. canere sing)]
cano'niealLY 2 adv. [f. med. L canonicalis ea'ntilever, n. Bracket (of length many
f. canonicus (canon, -ic) +-al] times breadth & more than twice depth) pro-
cano'nicate, n. =canon?*j/. [f. med. L jecting from wall to support balcony Sec. c. ;

canonicatus prec, -ate 1 )] (as bridge, with piers each of which has two cc,
eanonl'eity, n. Status as canonical book, with long girders connecting cc of adjacent
[f. canonicus canonical, -ty] piers, [prob. f cant j & lever] .
 ;;;;
;

CANTLE — 121 CAPITALIST

ca'ntle, Piece, slice, cut off; hind-bow of
n. having the power or fitness for (of); wicked
saddle. |f. OXF cantel dim.
of cant j J enough for (of) gifted, able. Hence ca'pa-;

ea'nto, n. (pi. -os). Division of long poem. bLY 2 adv. [F, f. LL capabilis irreg. for capi-
[It.,= song, as cant 3 ] bilis (L capere hold, -ble) ; earlier sense having
eanto'n 1 (also ka'-), n. Subdivision of room (for)]
country ; State of Swiss confederation eapa'cious, a. Roomy. Hence eapa*-
(Herald.) square division less than a quarter in eiousNESS n. [L capax (capere hold), -acious]
upper corner of shield. Hence ea'ntonAL a. capa'citate, v.t. Render capable (for, to
[OF, = corner (cant 1^ -oon)J do); make
legally competent, [foil., -acitate]
eantd'n 2 (also -too'n), v.t. Divide into cc. eapa'eity, n. Holding - poAver, receiving-
(-ton); (-toon) quarter (soldiers), [f. prec] power, (for happiness, heat, moisture) ; cubic
eanto'nment (-oon-), n. Lodging assigned content {measure of c, for vessels liquids, &
to troops (in India also permanent military grain, &c) mental power, faculty capability,
; ;

station), [prec. + -ment] opportunity, to do, of doing, (rare) ; posi- &c

cantop'ial, a. Of the precentor, of X. side tion, relative character, {in a civil c. in c. ; my
of choir (cf. decanal), [f. L as foil. + -al] as critic) legal competency, [f. F capacite f.
;

cantor'is, mus. direction. To be sung by L capacitatem (capacious, -ty)]

cantorial side in antiphonal singing. [L, genit. cap-a-pie (ka'papi"), adv. From head to
of cantor precentor (canere cant- sing, -or 2 )] foot, (armed, ready, &c). [f. OF cap a pie]
ea'nvas, n. Strong unbleached cloth of eapa'pison (-zn), n. (often pi.), & v.t. Horse's
hemp or flax, for sails, tents, painting on trappings ; equipment, outfit; (vb) putc. upon,
under c, in tent(s), with sails spread racing- ; [f. F caparasson (now -aeon) f. Sp. caparazon
boat's covered end picture C.-back, X.-Amer. ; ; f. med. L caparo (capa cape a )]
duck colour of back feathers). [ME & OXF
(f. cape 1
, n. Short sleeveless cloak, either as
canevas f. LL cannabaceus (L f. Gk kannabis separate garment or as fixed or detachable
hemp, -aceous)] part of longer cloak or coat. Hence eapED 2 a.
ea'nvass, v.t. & i., & n. Discuss thoroughly [F, f. Sp. capa or It. cappa ; see cap 1 ]
solicit votes, solicit votes from (constituency), cape 2 , C-, &
Headland, promontory;
n. a.
ascertain sentiments of, ask custom of, whence the C, of Good Hope, also = C. Colony (C. boy,
ea'nvassER 1 n. (n.) canvassing for votes,
; S. -African of mixed black & white descent), &
[f. prec, orig. sense being toss in a sheet, & so as adj. of its products (C. wine &c). [f. F cap
shake up, agitate, &c] f. Rom. capo f. L caput head]

ea'nyon, n. Deep gorge with stream, [f. Sp. ea'pep 1 n. Bramble-like S.-European shrub;
,

canon tube (caha f. L canna cane *)] (pi.) its flower-buds pickled (esp. c.-sauce);
canzone't, n. Short light song. [f. It. can- English cc, seed vessels of Xasturtium pickled.
zonetta (canzone f. L cantionem F. canere sing)] [ME caperis, caperes, (sing.) f. L f. Gk kap-
eaoutehouc (kowtshook), n. & a. (Of) paris -s lost as though pi. sign cf. pea, wage] ;

India-rubber. [F, f. Carib. cahuchu] ea*pep 2,n., & v.i. (Give a) frisky movement,
cap \ n. Head-dress (woman's, esp. of muslin leap; fantastic proceeding; cut a c, cc, —c
&c. worn indoors, but also now, like man's or vb. [short for capriole]
boy's, for out-door use, brimless & of cloth or capepeai'lye, -cai'lzie, n. Wood-grouse,
soft material; c. in hand, humbly; c. fits, largest European gallinaceous bird (Scotland
person feels that general remark is true of &c). [f. Gael, capull coille horse of the wood]
him set one's c. at, try to attract as suitor)
; ea'pepep, n. In vbl senses esp., caddis-fly ;

special head-dress (college or square c. steel (from its flight), [caper 2 -er 1 ] ; ,

c. helmet Scotch c. part of Highland costume

, ; , ea'pful, n. Enough to fill a cap esp., c. of ;

football c, of velvet &c, sign of inclusion in wind, passing gust, [-ful (2)]
team; c. o/maintenance; c. of liberty, conical, ca'pias, n. Writ of arrest. [L, = take thou]
given to Roman slave on emancipation, now capilla'pity, n. (Power of exerting) capil-
Republican symbol c. <& bells, jester's in- lary attraction or repulsion, [f. F capillarite
;

signia fool's c.)

; caplike covering, natural see foil., -ty]
;

(mushroom top, knee-c, &c), or added for capi'llapy (also ka"-), a. & n. Of hair hair- ;

various purposes (windmill top, toe-c, inner like, thin as a hair (tube, blood-vessel) of ;

watch-case; percussion c, for igniting explo- minute or hair -like diameter (e.g. one of
sive in cartridges &c.) (Xaut.) doubly pierced ramified blood-vessels intervening between
;

block for lengthening mast by extra spar arteries & veins) so c. attraction, repul- ;

conical paper bag, cornet; c.-paper, whity- sion, [f. L capillaris (-ary 2 f. capillus hair] )

brown for packing, also a size of writing-paper ca'pital 1

n. Head or cornice of pillar. ,

c. -stone, top stone, coping. [OE cseppe f. LL [ = L capitellum (cf. F chapiteau) dim. of
cappa, the Rom. forms of which meant cloak, capitxdum dim. of caput head]
cape, cope cape, cope, are separate E adop-
; ea'pital 2 a. & n. Involving loss of life, ,

tions of the same wd through Rom. or in its punishable by death, (c. sentence, offence) ;

med. L form capa] vitally injurious, fatal, (c error) standing at ;

cap 2, v.t. & i. Put c. upon (Sc, Univv.) con- the head (c. letter, also c. as noun) chief (c
; ;

fer degree on put percussion c. on nipple of manor, held in capite or direct from king c.
; ;

(gun); protect (end of beam &c.) with metal messuage, occupied by owner of estate with
&c, whence ea'ppiNGMS) n. lie on top of, several messuages c toicn or city, or c. as
; ;

crown outdo (c. anecdote, quotation, Sec, noun, head town of country, county, &c.) im-
; ;

produce a better or another apposite one c. portant, leading, first-class excellent, first- ; ;

verses, reply with one beginning with the rate, (often as interj. of approval) original, ;

last's last letter) touch or take off one's hat principal, (c. fund or c, stock with which com-
;

to (also intr. with to) injure at point (horse pany or person enters into business, accumu-
;

caps its hocks), [f. prec] lated wealth used in producing more fixed c, ;

capability, n. Power of (action &c acting machinery &c circulating or floating c, , ;

Sec), for (being done something to), to (do goods, money, &c so fig., make c out of, turn ;

something) undeveloped faculty (has cc). to account). Hence ca'pitalLY 2 adv. [F, f.
;

[foil., -bility] L capitalis (caput -itis head, -al)]

ca'pable, a. Susceptible (of, or abs.); ca'pitalism, capitalist, nn. Possession
 ; ; ;;

CAPITALIZE 122 CARABINEER

or influence or system, possessor, of capital or ca'pstan, n. Revolving barrel, worked by
fund used in production. Hence ea'pita- men walking round & pushing horizontal
li'stic a. [prec, -ism(3), -ist(3)] levers, for winding cable in, hoisting heavy
ca'pitalize, v.t. Convert into, use as, sails,&c [f. F or Pr. cabestan f. L capistrare
capital ;compute or realize present value of (capistrian halter f. capere hold), -axt]
(income). Hence ea'pitalizATiox n. [-ize(3)J ca'psule, n. (Physiol.) membranous enve-
ca*pitate(d), a. (nat. hist. Having distinct ). lope ; dry seed -case opening when ripe
(Bot.)
head with clustered flowers &c. [f. L capita-
; by parting of valves (Chem.) shallow saucer ;
2
tus headed {caput -itis, -ate )] for evaporating &c. (Med.) gelatine envelope ;

capita'tion, n. (Levying of) tax or fee of so enclosing pill ; metallic top for bottle. Hence
much a head c. grant, of so much for every
; ca'psulAR 1 ca'psuliFORM, , aa., capsuli-
person fulfilling conditions, [f. L cdpitatio comb. form. (case 2 -ule)]
[F, f. L capsula ,

poll-tax {caput -itis head, -atiox)]
Ca'pitol (-tl), n. Roman temple of Jupiter
on Tarpeian hill (later Capitoline hill or Capi-
toline) (U.S.) Congress house, [f. Lcapitolium
;
{caput head)]
eapi'tulap, a. Of a cathedral chapter (Phys-
iol. of a terminal protuberance of bone, [f med.
) .
ea'ptain 1 (-in), n. Chief, leader; great
soldier, strategist, experienced commander;
(Army) chief company or troop officer. (Navy)
officer commanding man-of-war (also used, by
courtesy, of commander) ; C. of the Fleet,
; adjutant-general of a force, with rear-admiral's
uniform chief sailor of special gang (c. of fore-
;

L capitularis (L capitulum chapter, -ar 1 )] castle «&c ). Master of merchant ship manager ;

eapi*tulapy, n. Collection of ordinances, of Cornish mine foreman head boy ; leader

; ;

esp. of Frankish Kings, [f. med. L capitularius of side ingames = Grey Gurnard. Hence ;

(as prec, -art 1 )] ca'ptaincv, ca'ptainsHip, nn., ea'ptain-

eapi*tulate, v.i. Surrender on terms, [f. less a. [ME & OF capitain f. LL capitaneus
med. L capitulare draw up under heads (see (a. & n.) chief (L caput bead)]
CAPITULAR), -ATE 3 ] ea'ptain 2, v.t. Be c of, lead. [f. prec]
capi'tula'tion, n. Stating heads of subject eapta'tion, n. Use of ad captandum argu-
agreement, conditions, (esp. the Cc, by which ments or appeals, [f. L captatio (captare
foreign residents in Turkey have exterritori- catch frequent, of capere take, -atiox)]
at,
ality) surrender on terms, instrument con-
; ca'ption, n. Legal arrest (Law) certificate ;

taining these. [F, f. med. L capitulationem attached to or written on document; (U.S.)

(prec, -atiox)] heading of chapter, article, &c [f. L captio
ca'pon, Castrated cock. Hence ca*pon-
n. (capere take, -tiox) last meaning f. second] ;

ize(3) v.t. [OE capun f. L caponem nom. capo] ea'ptious, a. Fallacious, sophistical fond ;

caponier*, n. Covered passage across ditch of taking exception, trying to catch people in
of fort. [f. F caponniere f. Sp. caponera orig. their words. Hence ea'ptiousLY 2 adv.,
a capon-cote (see prec)] ea'ptiousxESS n. [f.L captiosus (prec, -ose ] )j
ca'porat (-ahl), n. A French tobacco. [F] ca'ptivate, v.t Fascinate, charm. Hence
eapo*t, n., & v.t. (-tt-). (In piquet) winning eaptiVA'Tiox n. [f. L captivare take cap-
of all tricks by one player; (vb) do this against TIVE, -ATE 3]
(opponent). [F] ea'ptive, a. n. &
(Person, animal) taken
capo'te, n. Soldier's, traveller's, &c, long prisoner, kept in confinement, under restraint,
cloak with hood. [F, dim. of cape cape ] ]
unable to escape ; of, like, prisoner (c. state) ;
ca'ppic, a. (chem.). C. acid, obtained from lead, take, hold, c. c. balloon, held by rope ;

butter, coco-nut oil, &c [f. L caper -pri goat from ground. So capti'viTY n. [f. F captif
+ -ic (from its goatlike smell)] f. L captivus (capere capt- take, -ive)]
eappi'ee (-es), n. Unaccountable change of ca'ptop, n., ea'ptpess, n. fern. One who
mind or conduct, fancy, freak inclination to ; takes a captive or prize, [-or L
(as prec, -OR 2 )
these work of sportive fancy in art &c [F,
; & see -ess J
]
f. It. capriccio sudden start {capro goat f. L ca'ptupe (-tsh<??-), n., and v.t. Seizing, taking
caper -pri)] possession of thing or person seized. ( Vb) take
;

eappi'eious (-shits), a. Guided by whim, prisoner, seize as prize ; hence ea'ptuPER 1

inconstant, irregular, incalculable. Hence n. [F, f. L captura as prec, -ure]
cappi'eiousLY 2 adv., eappi'eiousxESs n. Ca'puchin (-tsh-), n. & a. Franciscan (friar)
[f. F capricieux f. It. capriccioso (prec, -ous)] of new rule of 1528 woman's cloak and hood ; ;

Ca'ppieopn, n. Zodiacal constellation Goat C. monkey, pigeon, kinds with head hair or
tenth sign of zodiac tropic of C. [f. L capri-; feathers like cowl. [F (now -cin), f. It. capuc-
cornus (caper -pri goat, cornu horn)] cino (capuccio cowl f. cappa cap ] )]
eappifiea'tion, n. Hastening of ripeness in ca'put mortuum, n. Worthless residue.
figs by subjecting them to puncture by wild- [L, =dead head alch. term for residuum of any
;

fig gall-insects, [f. L caprificatio f. caprificus substance after distillation or sublimation]

wild fig_ {caper goat,ficus fig), -atiox] eapy'bapa, n. Large S.-Amer. rodent allied
ca'ppine, a. Of, like, a goat. [f. L caprinus to guinea-pig. [Brazilian]
(caper -pri, -ixe 1 )] eap, n. Wheeled vehicle (chiefly poet. =
ca'ppiole, n., & v.i. (Give a) leap, caper, chariot; of the sun, triumphal c, c of
c.
esp. (in manege) horse's high leap & kick with- Juggernaut, &c or with specification as ;

out advancing. [F (now cab-), or f. It. capriola jauxt Hng-c, motor-c, tramway-c, dining-c.
dim. of L capra she-goat] in U.S. of any railway carriage or van ; in
cappo'ie, a. (chem.). C. acid, found with Engl, also of low two- wheeled truck for hogs-
capric & butyric acids in butter &c [var. of heads &c & of other low heavy carts) pendant ;

capric for differentiation] of balloon holding passengers ; carman, driver

ca'psicum, n. Kinds of plant with hot cap- of van or jaunting-c, carter, carrier. Hence
sules & seeds, Guinea Pepper &c the pre- ; eap*FUL(2) n. [ME & ONF carre f. LL carra
pared fruit, [irreg. prob. f. L capsa case 2 ] cf. L carrus four-wheeled vehicle f. Bret, karr
capsi'ze, n., & v.t. & i. Upset, overturn, cf. OW. carr]
(of ship, boat). Hence eapsi*ZAL(2) n. [perh. eapabineep*, eapb-, n. Soldier with car-
f. Sp. cabezar pitch or capuzar sink by the bine ; The Carabineers, 6th Dragoon Guards,
head (cabo f. L caput head)! [f. F carabinier (carbixe, -ier)]
 o; ;;
;

CARACAL 123 CARDINAL

ea'paeal, n. Kind of lynx. [F, f. Turk. eap'boy, n. Large coloured-glass bottle pro-
qarah-qulaq black-ear] tected with basket-work. [f. Pers. qarabah]
ea'pacol(e), n.,& v.i. (Execute) half-turn(s) to carbuncle, n. Red precious stone (formerly
right or left (of horse or rider), [f. F caracole(r) of many kinds, e.g. ruby; now garnet cut in
f. It. caracollo f. Sp. caracol snail, spiral shell] boss shape) malignant tumour, anthrax,
;

eara'fe (-ahf), n. Glass water-bottle for pimple on nose or face, whence cap'bunelED 2 ,

table. [F, cf. It. caraffa, Sp. garrafa perh. f. capbu'nculAR i, aa. [ME & OF chartoicle f.
Arab, gharafa draw water] L carbunculus small coal (carbon, -uncle)]
ca'ramel, n. Burnt sugar used for colouring capbupe't, v.t. (-tt-). Combine (any element)
spirits &c. a sweetmeat. [F, f. Sp. caramelo]
; chemically with carbon ; charge with carbon.
ca'rapace, n. Upper shell of crustaceans. Hence capbupe'ttOR 2 (2) or eapbupe'ttER *
[F, f. carapacho etym. dub.]
Sp. (2) n. [CARBON, -URET]
ca'pat, n. Measure of weight for precious cap'cass, -ase, n. Dead bodv (of human
stones, about 3j? grains measure of purity of body now only with contempt) (with butchers)
; :

gold, pure gold being 24 c. [F, f. It. carat beast's trunk without head, limbs, or offal
f. Arab, qirat perh. f. Gk keration, fruit of mere body, dead or alive (to save one's a),
carob tree (dim. of keras horn)] worthless remains (of) skeleton, framework, ;

capava'n, n. Eastern or N. -African com- (of house, ship, &c); (Mil.) kind of fire-ball
pany of merchants, pilgrims, &c, travelling from gun for igniting buildings, [partly f. OF
together for safety, esp. through desert; Charcots f. med. L carcosium, partly f. 16th-c.
covered cart or carriage, house on wheels (esp. F carcasse f. It. carcassa etym. and mutual ;

of menagerie &c). [16th. -c carouan f. Pers. relations of carcosium, carcassa, doubtful]

kanvan, perh. assim. to F caravane\ eapd 1 , n., & v.t. (Cleanse, comb, get into
eapava'nserai, -sera, -sary, n. Eastern order, also scratch or torture, with) toothed
quadrangular inn with great inner court where instrument, wire-brush, or wire-set rubber or
caravans put up. [f. Pers. karwan-sarai vulcanite strip, for raising nap on cloth or pre-
(prec, sara mansion)] paring wool, hemp, &c. c.-thistlc, teasel card- ; ;

ea'ravel, eap'vel, n. (hist.). Small light ing-machine, with card-strips fixed on rollers,
fast ship, chiefly Spanish & Portuguese of 15th- [f. F carde teasel-head ult. f. L carduus thistle]
17th cc. [f. F caravelle f. It. caravella cf. LL card. 2, n. (Also playing-c) one of pack of 52
;

f. Gk karabos] oblong pieces of pasteboard used in games

ea'raway, n. Umbelliferous plant with (court 1 -c. make a c, take trick with it house ; ;

fruit (c. -seeds) used in cakes, [f. med. L carui of cc, insecure scheme &c. cc, card -playing ;

cf. Arab, al-karawiya & Gk karon cummin] sure, safe, doubtful, &c, c, such a plan, ex-
earb-, carbo-, comb, forms of carbon. pedient knowing, queer, c, such a person ;

Hence ear'biDE n. throw up, show, one's cc, give up, let out, one's
eap'blne, ea'pa-, n. Short fire-arm for plan c. up one's sleeve, plan in reserve on the ; ;

cavalry use. [F {cara-) weapon of carabin cc, likely, possible) flat piece of thick paper or ;

soldier perh. f. Calabria perh. f. med. L chada- pasteboard for various purposes (speak by the
bula kind of ballista (Gk katabole overthrow)] c, with precision, f. obs. use=mariner's com-
ear'bOThy'dpate, n. (chem. Organic com- pass ;post-c. correspondence-c, for short notes
). ;

pound of carbon with oxygen & hydrogen in = ticket of admission = invitation c. or visit- ; ;

the proportion to form water (starch, sugar, ing-c, with name &c.,sentorleftin lieu of formal
glucose). visit, so leave a c on; wedding, Christmas, &c,
eapbd'lie, a. (chem.). C. acid, powerful anti- c. sent in notification or compliment to friends
,
;

septic &
disinfectant. Hence eap*boliZE(5) collecting-c, for entering subscribers to chari-
V.t. [CARB-, -OL, -IC] ties ; programme of events at race-meetings &c,
cap'bon, n. (chem.). Non-metallic element or of cricket scores, esp. correct c ; the c, the
occurring as diamond, graphite, & charcoal, in correct thing, what is expected printed or ;

carbonic acid gas, the carbonates, & most written notice, rules, &c, for hanging in win-
organic compounds; (Electr.) charcoal pencil dow or on wall) c-case, for carrying visiting-
;

used in one form of electric lighting ; c. print- cc. c-basket, -rack, for keeping visitors' cc. ;
;

ing, process, producing permanent prints in cardboard, pasteboard for cutting cc. from or
black and white ; c.-paper, for taking copies of making boxes &c. c-sharper, swindler at c- ;

letters &c. Hence cap'bonATE l (3) n. [f. F games. [f. F carte f. It. carta (cf. charte direct)
carbonef. L carbonem nom. -o charcoal] f. L charta f Gk khartes papyrus-leaf ; -d for -te
.

capbona'ceous, a. Of, like, coal or char- unexplained]

coal ; consisting of or containing carbon, [as cap'damom, n. Spice from seed-capsules of
prec, -aceous] E.-Ind. plants, [f. L f. Gk kardamomon (kar-
carbonari (-e), n. Neapolitan secret society damon cress, amomon a spice plant)]
of republican revolutionists, [perh. f. dis- cap'diae, a. & n. Of the heart (esp. path., as
guising themselves as charcoal-burners] c. symptoms, of heart-disease) of upper orifice ;

eap'bonate, v.t. Form

into a c.
(chem.). of stomach (n.) heart-stimulant, cordial, [f. F
;

impregnate with carbonic acid gas, aerate, (-aque) f. L f. Gk kardiakos (kardia heart, -AC)]
[f. carbonate n. see carbon, -ate 3 ] cap'digran, n. Knitted woollen over-waist-
capbo'nie, a. (chem.). Of carbon ; c acid coat with or without sleeves, [named after
(gas),the gas formed in combustion of carbon, Earl of C. c. 1855]
given out in breathing, & constituting choke- cap'dinal, C-, a. & n. On which something
damp, [-ic] hinges, fundamental, important, (c. virtues, the
capboni'fepous, a. Producing coal (Geol.) four natural & three theological, see virtue
; ;

c strata, system, formation, palaeozoic next c numbers, the simple ones, as one, six, cf.
above Old Red Sandstone c. age, era, period, ordinal; c. points, winds, North, S., E., W.
;

in which these strata were deposited, [carbon, c. church hist., one of principal churches in
-I-, -ferous] Rome, to which others were subordinate,
cap'bonize, v.t. Convert into carbon re- whence Cardinal, noun, orig. person in charge
;

duce to charcoal or coke cover (paper) with

; of one of these, now one of seventy princes
carbon for taking copies. Hence capboniz- of R.-C. Ch., members of Pope's council of 6 c.
a'tion n. [-ize(3, 5)] bishops, 50 c. priests, 14 c. deacons, electors & &
 ;

CARDIO- 121 CARNY

of newPope, whence eap'dinalATE *, cap'- quadrilionem nom. -0 quaternary (formerly
dinalsHiP, nn. also prefixed to other titles,
; four bells)]
as C.-Legate), whence eap'dinalLY 2 adv. of ; carrna, n. (zool. & hot). Ridge-shaped
deep scarlet woman's short hooded (orig.
; scar- structure.Hence capi'nAL, ca'pinATE 2 aa., ,

let) cloak; small scarlet bird; (Zool.) of the eapino- comb. form. [L, = keel]
hinge of a bivalve c.-floxoer. Scarlet Lobelia.; carious, a. Decayed (esp. of bones, teeth),
[F, f. L cardinal is (cardo -inis hinge, -al) ;
[f. L cariosus (caries, -ose 1
)]
sense scarlet f. Cardinal's robes] cap'king 1

* a. Burdensome (alw. with care).

eapdio-, comb, form of Gk kardia heart. [f. obs. vb cark f. ONF carkier f. LL carricare
cardoo'n, n. Composite kitchen-garden (CARGO)l
plant allied to artichoke, [f. F cardon f. It. eapl(e), n. (Sc). Man, fellow. [OE in comb,
cardone {cardo f. L cardus, carduus thistle, as hits-carl f. ON karl cogn. w. churl]
-OON)] cap'llne \ n. (Sc). Old woman. [ME & OX
care l3 n. Solicitude, anxiety occasion for : kerling fern, of prec]
these serious attention, heed, caution, pains,
; eap'line 2, of composite plants
n. Genus
(take, have a, c, be cautious) ; charge, protec- allied to thistle. med. L carlina for Caro-
[F, f.
tion, {A, c/o or c. of B, in addresses have the, ; lina named f. Carolus Charlemagne]
take, c. of; in, under, one's c.) thing to be ; Cap'lism, Cap'list, nn. Spanish legitimism,
done or seen to (cc. of State &c. ; that shall be legitimist, support(er) of Don Carlos second son
my c.) ; c.-laden, -worn, with anxieties ;c.-taker, of Charles IV. [-ism(3), -ist(2)]
person hired to take charge, esp. of house in Carlo vi'ngian, Capoli'ngian, (j), a. & n.
owner's absence. [OE car u, com.-Teut. f. OTeut. (One) of second French dynasty founded by
kard- not related to L curd]
; Charlemagne, [f. F carlovingien after mero-
cape 2, v.i. Feel concern or interest for or vingien Merovingian]
about provide food, attendance, &c, for
;
Caply'lism, n. Principles, literary manner,
(children, invalids, &c.) ; (w. neg. expressed or a mannerism, of Carlyle. So CaplylE'AN,
implied) feel regard, deference, affection, for, CaplyliAN, aa., CaplylE'SE a. & n. [Thomas
be concerned whether 8cc, (often with expletive Carlyle 1795-1881; -ISM(3, 4)]
a pin, a damn, a farthing ; / don't c. if J do, Carmagno'Ie (-anyol), n. Song & dance
am willing). [OE carian f. prec] among French revolutionists of 1793. [F]
capee'n, v.t. & i. Turn (ship) on one side for Cap'melite, n. a. (Member) of mendicant&
cleaning, caulking, &c. ; (cause to) heel over, order of friars (also White Friars f. their white
[ult. f. L carina keel] cloak) ; fine woollen stuff, usu. grey. [Mt Car-
caree'nage, n. Careening a ship ; expense mel, place of foundation (12th c), -item2)]
of it ;
place for it. [-age] eap'minative, a, & n. (Drug) curing flatu-
^eapeep*, n., &
Swift course, impetus,v.i. lence, [f. L canninare card, -ive, gross hu-
(in full, mid, &c, a); course or progress mours being combed out like tangled wool]
through life development & success of party,
; car'mine, n. & a. (Coloured like, colour of)
principle, nation, &c. way of making a liveli- ; crimson pigment made from cochineal, [f. F
hood (vb) go swiftly or wildly (often about).
;
or Sp. carmin f. med. L carminus for carmesi-
[f. F carriere race-course f. LL carraria (via) nus crimson]
carriage-(road) f. L carrus car 1 ] car'nage (-ij), n. Great slaughter, esp. of
eape'ful, a. Concerned for, taking care of; men. [F, f. It. carnaggio f. LL carnaticum (L
painstaking, watchful, cautious, (to do, that, caro carnis flesh, -age)]
what, whether, &c); done with or showing cap'nal, a. Sensual, fleshly sexual un- ; ;

care. Hence eape'fulLY 2 adv., cape'ful- sanctified, worldly. Hence cap*naliSM(2),

ness n. [-FUL] eapna'liTY, eap*nalizE(3) v.t.cap'nal-
nn.,
careless, a. Unconcerned, light-hearted ;
ly 2 adv. [f. L carnalis (caro see prec, -al)]
inattentive, negligent {of), thoughtless ; in- eapna'tion 1 , n. & a. (Of) rosy pink colour,
accurate. Hence eape'lessLY 2 adv., cape*- [orig. flesh-colour f. L carnatio (caro see car-
lessxESS n. [-less] nage) fleshiness]
cape'ss, n., & v.t. Fondling touch, kiss; eapna'tion 2 , n. Cultivated kinds of Clove-
blandishment. (Vb) bestow these on pet, ; pink, [formerly edsoinearnacyon, coronation,
make much of ; hence cape'ssingLY 2 adv. cornation pern. orig. coronation as indented
;

[f. F caresse(r) f. It. carezza(re) f. LL *caritia like coronet, later confused w. the colour ; for
(L earns dear)] corn-, car 7i-, cf. foil.]
ea'pet, n. Mark ( A placed below line to show ) earne'lian, =cornelian. [ca- by confusion
place of omission. [L, = it needs (carere)] w. L (carnation 1 as flesh-coloured] )

eap'gfo, n. Freight of ship. [Sp.,= loading eap'nify, v.t. & i. (path.). Change (t. & i. of
f. med. L carricum I. LL carricare to load (L bone, lungs, &c.) to structure of flesh or muscle.
carrus car 1 )] Hence eap'niFiCATiON n. [L caro carnis
Ca*pib, n. & a. (One) of aboriginal inhabi- flesh, -fy]
tants of Southern W-Ind. islands. [f. Sp. eap'nival, n. Half-week or week before
Caribe cf. cannibal] Lent; festivities usual during this in R.-C.
caribou* (-00), -boo*, n. N.-Amer. reindeer. countries ; riotous revelry ; reckless indul-
[-011 Canad. F, prob. f. native wd] gence in something (of; c. of bloodshed &c).
eapieatupe*, n., & v.t. Grotesque represen- [f. It. carnevale orig. name for Shrove Tuesday
tation of person or thing by over-emphasis on only, f. L phr. carnem levare put away meat]
characteristic traits (pictorial, literary, or carni'vora, n. Large order of flesh-eating
mimetic) ; hence eapicatup*iST(l)_n. (Vb) mammalia, including cats, dogs, bears, &c
make, give, a c. of hence eapieatup'ABLE a.
; pi. see carnivorous]
[L neut.
[F, f. It. caricatura (caricare to load see eap'nivope, n. Carnivorous animal or
CARGO, -URE)] plant. [F, as foil.]
car'i&s, n. Decay (of bones or teeth). [L] earnrvopous, a. Feeding on flesh (esp. of
cd'ri/lon (-lyon, or as F), n. Set of bells that the carnivora, & of plants digesting animal
can be rung either by hand or mechanically substance), [f. L carnivorus (caro carnis
air played on bells instrument (or part of ; flesh, -VOROUS)]
organ) imitating peal of bells. [F, f. med. L eap'ny, -ey, v.t. (colloq.). Coax, wheedle. [?]
 ;;

CAROB 125 CART

ea'pob, n. Horn-like pod of Levantine c.- -c), esp.four-wheeled private vehicle with two
tree. [f. F carobe f. Arab, kharrubah bean-pod] (c. & pair) or more horses (c.-company, -folk,
ca'pol, n., & v.t. & i. Joyous song, (-11-). who keep these), whence ea*ppiag eFUL(2) n. ,

human or of birds, esp. Christmas hymn. (Vb)1 wheeled support of gun (usu. gun-c.) wheeled ;

utter, celebrate with, these hence ea'POllER ;

framework of vehicle apart from body (Mech.) ;

n. [obs. senses dance, ring carole(r)

; f. OF sliding &c. part of machinery for shifting posi-
perh. f. L choraula f. Gk khoraules flute-player tion of other parts c.-dog, spotted Dalmatian
;
;

for chorus-dancing (khoros chorus, aulos flute), c.-drive, road in parks &c. Hence ea'ppiage-
or f. L corolla ring] less a. [f. ONF cariage f. carter (carry, -age)]
Ca'poline, a. Of Charlemagne of the time ; ca*ppiag*eable, a. Available for carriages
of Charles I & II of England, [f. L Carolus (of road), [-able]
Charles + -ine *] ea'PPiek bend, n. (naut.). Kind of knot or
Caroling-ian. See carlovingian. splice, [bend 1 carrick perh. f obs. carrack
; .

ea'pom. See cannon. armed merchant ship]

eaPO'tid, a. & n. Of, near, the two great ar- ca'ppiep, n. In vbl senses esp. person ; :

teries carrying blood to head (n.) one of these, ;

plying for hire with cart for conveyance of
[f. Gk karotides pi. (karoo stupefy, compression parcels (common c, legal term including also
of these arteries being thought to do this)J railway and steamship companies &c.) part of ;

capou'se (-owz), v.i., & n. (Have, engage bicycle &c. for carrying luggage; c. -pigeon;
in) a drinking-bout; drink deep. Hence c. -nation &c, conducting oversea trade for
eapOU*SAL(2) n. [orig. as adv. = right out, in others, [carry + -er l ]
phr. drink c. f. G gar a us trinken] ea'ppiole, n. Small open carriage for one ;

carp 1 , n. A fresh-water fish usu. bred in covered light cart Canadian sledge, [f. F ;

ponds, [f. OF carpe f. LL carpa cf. OHG carr^iole, med. L carriola dim. of carva car 1 ]
charpho, G karpfen] ea'ppion, n. & a. Dead putrefying flesh;
carp 2, v.i. Talk querulously, find fault, anything vile, garbage, filth c.-crow, between ;

(usu. at) esp. carping tongue, criticism, cap-

; raven & rook, feeding on c, small animals, &c.
tious, [obs. senses talk, say, sing, prob. f. ON (adj.) rotten, loathsome. [ME & ONF caroine
karpa to brag, but mod. sense influenced by L perh. f. Rom. *caronia f. L caro caiviis flesh]
carpere pluck at, slander] earpona'de, n. Short large-calibred ship's
eap'pal, a. Of the carpus, [carpus, -al] gun. [Carron orig. place of making + -ade]
cap'pel, n. (bot.). Pistil-cell, whether pistil ca'ppot, n. (Plant with) tapering orange-
is one cell or several. Hence eap'pellARY x a. coloured edible root; (pi.) red hair, red-haired
[mod. dim. f. Gk karpos fruit, see -le(2)] person, whence ea'PPOtY 2 a. [f. F carotte
cap'penter, n., & v.i. & t. Artificer in f. L carota f. Gk karoton perh. f. kara head]
wood-work (esp. of rough solid kinds as in ship ca'ppy, v.t. &
in vehicle, ship,
i. Convey
or house building, joiner, CABiNET-maker); cf. hand, or head (as news), or
(also of on person
c.-ant, -bee, kinds boring into trees; c.-scene, vehicle &c, or water, wind, &c, as subject ; c.
played before a painted scene (also c.-scene) to corn, from field to stack ; fetch c, be under- &
give c. time for preparing elaborate scene be- ling c. all before one, succeed ; c. weight, be
;

hind so cap'pentRY (2, 5) n. Vb) do, make by,

; ( handicapped in horse-racing or fig.) ; conduct
c.'s work. [f. ONF carpentier (now ch-) f. LL (pipes c. water, xcires c. sound ; c. into effect;
carpentarius {carpentum wagon f. Celt.)] c. one back, in fancy to earlier times ; c. off to
cap'pet 1 , n., & v.t. Thick fabric, usu. prison) ; transfer (figures to column of higher
woollen &
patterned, for covering floor & stairs notation c. conviction, implant one's own in
;

(at first of table-covering, whence on the c, other minds c. over, forward, entries to new
;

under discussion & as floor-covering long a ; page or account) propel to specified distance
;

boudoir luxury, whence c. -knight, stay-at- (of gun &c, with obj. usu. omitted ; also intr.
home soldier, lady's man) smooth, soft, or ; = go of missile) ; cause or enable to go to (of
bright expanse of grass, flowers, &c. c.-bed, ; motive, journey-money, &c.) ; bring to (of day's
garden bed with dwarf plants arranged in journey &c.) ; prolong, continue, to (c. tower to
pattern c.-dance, informal c.-rods, keeping
; ; 500ft, modesty to excess) ; win (prize ; c. it, the
stair-c. in place c.-snake, variegated Austra-
; day, succeed c. fortress; &c. capture ; c. ,

lian kind c.-bag, travelling-bag, orig. made of

; hearers with one, persuade) ; win victory for
c. c.-bagger, candidate for election or political
; (candidate c. one's point, a motion, bill) ;
;

agitator unconnected with district; hence wear, have with one, possess, involve, (arms, a
eap'petLESS a. (Vb) cover (as) with a c, watch, &c. cone's bat 2 ; c. weight, authority,
;

whence eap'petiNG l (3) n. summon (servant ; be influential c. with one, remember ; loans c
;

&c.) into the room for reprimand, reprove, [f. interest, principles c. consequences) hold in a ;

OF carpite or It. carpita p.p. of carpire f. L
carpere pluck, tyie fabric being perh. a patch-
work cf. F charpie lint]
; of, support, (ships c. sail, piers c. dome) ; c.
eappho*log"y, n. Delirious fumbling with
bed-clothes &c. [f. Gk karphologia (karphos
twig, lego pick, -Y 1 )]
cappo- !, comb, form of carpus.
earpo- 2 comb, form of Gk karpos,
Hence eappo'LOGY
carpus, Part of skeleton that
n. (anat.).
unites hand &c. to fore-arm, eight small bones
in higher vertebrates (in man, wrist in horse,
knee), [f. Gk karpos wrist]
ea'PPiage (-rij), n. Conveying, transport;
cost of conveying (c.-free c.-forward, not
prepaid); management (of enterprise &c);
passing (o/Parl. motion &c); manner of carry-
ing (c. of head, body, &c), bearing, deportment;
wheeled vehicle for persons (hackney, railway,
certain way (c. one's head, body, oneself; c.
sword &c, in saluting-position) ; endure weight
away, inspire, transport, deprive of self-control,
(Naut.) lose (mast &c.) by breakage ; c. off, re-
move from life, win, render passable, c. it off
well, make brave show ; c. on, advance (pro-
fruit. cess) a stage, continue, manage (business),
n. (colloq.) behave strangely ; c. out, put in prac-
tice ; c. over (St. Exch.), keep over to next
selling-day ; c. through, bring safely out of
; difficulties, complete, [f. ONF carier f. LL
carricare (L carrus car l )]
cart, n., & v.t. & i. Strong two- wheeled
; vehicle (cf. wagon) used in farming & for
heavy goods, (also spring, mail, dog, -c.) light
two- wheeled one-horse vehicle for driving in,
(put c. before horse, reverse order, take effect
for cause; c.-horse, thickset fit for heavj^ &

CARTE
work; c.-ladder, rack at sides or ends for in-
creasing capacity c. - load, = cartful,;also
large quantity of anything c.-road, -way, too
rough for carriages c.-wheel, wheel of a, large
;
coin as crown &c., lateral summersault of
street urchins {turn c.-w.); c.-whip, long &
heavy; c.-wright, maker
age(4), car'tER l eaP*tFUL(2),,
in a c. ; work with a c.
(in match, game, &c).
cf. OE crxt of doubtful meaning]
carte, quapte (kart), n. Fencing position (c.
& tierce, sword-play). [F (q-), f. It. quarta fourth]
carte blanche (F), n. Blank paper given
to person to write his own terms on full dis-
cretionary power. [F (card 2 blank)]
capte-de-visi'te (de, -zet), n. Photograph
3Jin. x2?.[F,= visiting card, its orig. purpose]
cap'tel, n. Written challenge to duel (agree-
ment exchange of prisoners
for)
manufacturers' union to keep up
It. cartello dim. of carta
Carte'sian (-zhn), a.
Descartes or his philosophy or mathematical
methods. Hence Capte*sianiSM(3) n. [Carte-
siios mod. L name of Rene Descartes, 1596-1650,
-AN]
Capthu'sian (-z-), a. & n. (Member) of order &
ofmonks founded by St Bruno 1086 (member)
of Charterhouse school founded on site of C.
monastery, [f. L Cartusianus f. Chatrousse,
place of their first monastery]
cap'tilage (-ij), n. (Structure, part, in verte-
brates, of) firm elastic tissue, gristle, (temporary
c, in the young, changing later to bone). So
captila'g-inoiD a. [F, f. L cartilago -inis]
captlla'ginous, a. Of, like, cartilage (c. fish,
with c. skeleton), [f. L (-osus, see prec, -ous)]
capto'gpaphy, n. Map - drawing. So
capto'GRAPjiER n., captoGRA"PHic(AL) aa.
[f. F carte chart (card
2 + -graphy the cor-
rect form f. Gk would have ch-]
eap'tomaney, n. Fortune-telling by play-
ing-cards, [f. carta card 2 -mangy]
It.
cap'ton, n. "White disk within bull's-eye of
target, [f. F as foil.]
captoo'n, n., & v.i. & t. Drawing on stout
paper as design for painting, tapestry, mosaic,
&c. full-page (or large) illustration, esp. on poli-
; with compartments (iqjperc, capitals, lower c,
tics in comic paper hence eaptoo*niST(3) n. ; small letters) c.-bottle, square for fitting into
(Vb) draw c, represent (person &c.) in a c. [f.
F carton or It. cartone (carta card 2 -oon)]
eartou'che (Arch.) scroll orna-
(-oosh), n.
ment, e. g. volute of Ionic capital ; tablet
imitating, or drawing of, scroll with rolled-up
ends, used ornamentally or bearing inscription
(Archaeol.) oval ring containing hieroglyphic
&
names titles of Egyptian kings &c. [F, f. It.
cartoccio augmentative of carta card 2]
cap*tpidg e, n. Charge of explosive for fire-
,
arms or blasting made up in case of paper,
flannel, metal, &c. (small-arm ball-c. or c.
contains bullet also, blank-c. the explosive
only) ; c.-belt, with sockets for cc. ; c.-paper,
thick and rough, used also for drawing for
strong envelopes, [corrupt, of prec]
eap'tulapy, n. Collection of records regis-
ter, [f. rued. L c(h)artularium i. L cartula
dim. of c(h)arta card 2 -ary 1 ] , ca'seous, a. Of, like, cheese, [f. L caseus
ca'puncle (also karu"-), n. Fleshy excres-
cence, as turkeycock's wattles, [f. 16th-c. F ca-
runcule f. L caruncula (caro camis flesh, -un-
cle)]
carve, v.t. & i. (p.p. -ed,
(in gen. sense now only fig., as c. one's way)
produce by cutting (statue, portrait, represen-
tation in relief or intaglio, inscription, design,
out of, in, or on, material), change by cutting
; = ;;
126 CASH
(material into something), cover or adorn
(material) with figures cut in it, cut designs
; &c, whence cap viNG 1 (2) n. cut up meat,
,
;
cut up (meat &c), at or for table (carving-kni^e,
long for this purpose); subdivide (usu. up)<;
c. out, take from larger whole, acquire esp. by
of cc. ; hence ear't- the sword. [OE ceorfan, com.-Teut. cf. Du.
nn. Vb) carry
( kerven, prob. cogn. w. Gk grapho write]
; (slang) defeat easily eap'vel, = caravel c.-built, with planks
;
[prob. f. kartr cartON flush (Cf. CLINKER-BUILT).
cap'vep, n. In vbl senses also, carving- ;
knife, (pi.) carving knife & fork, [-er 1 ]
eapya'tid, n. Female
figure used as pillar,
[f. L f. Gk karuatis -idos priestess at Caryae]
; &
casca'de, n., v.i. (Fall like a) waterfall, or
, one section of large broken waterfall ; wavy
fall of lace &c. [F, f. It. cascata (cascare to
fall for casicare f. L cas- see foil.)]
; case \ n. Instance of thing's occurring
; (also kartell) actual state of affairs (is, is not, the c, is true,
prices. [F, f. false) ; position, circumstances, in which one
card 2] is, plight, [in good, evil, c, weh, badly, off)
& n. (Follower) of (Med.) person's diseased condition ; instance
of any disease. (Law) cause, suit, for trial
statement of facts in cause sub judice, drawn
up for higher court's consideration (judge
states a c); cause that has been decided
may be cited (leading c, one often cited &
;
governing subsequent decisions) sum of argu- ;
ments on one side (that is our c. ; make out
one's c, prove it) (fig.) c. of conscience, matter
;
in which conscience has to decide between
conflicting principles. (Gram.) form of noun,
adj., or pronoun, in inflected languages express-
ing relation to some other word in sentence (in
uninflected languages, this relation itself apart
from form). In c. if, in the event that, lest in c.
, ;
of, in the event of ; put (the) c. that, suppose ; in
any c, whatever the fact is, whatever may hap-
pen ; in that c, if that is true, should happen
) ; c.-laic, law as settled by precedent. [ME &
OF cas f. L casus -us fall (cadere cas- fall)]
case , n.,
2 &
v.t. Enclosure of something,
, box, bag, sheath, &c. ; frame* for plant-growing;
glass box for showing specimens, curiosities,
&c. ; outer protective covering (of watch,
sausage, seed-vessel, book, &c); box with
propercontents (dressing-c.) (Print.)receptacle ;
;
c. with others; ca'se-harden v.t., harden sur-
, face of, esp. give steel surface to (iron) by chem.
process, (fig.) render callous; c.-knife, worn in
sheath c.-shot, or c, bullets in tin box fired from
;
cannon without fuse, also shrapnel c.-worm ;
= caddis. (Vb) enclose in c, surround with, (also
with up, over) hence ea'siNG *(3) n. [f. ONF
;
casse (now chdsse) f. L capsa (capere hold)]
ca'sein, n. A
proteid or albuminoid, the basis
of cheese. [L caseus cheese + -in]
ca'semate, n. Vaulted chamber in thickness
of wall of fortress, with embrasures. Hence
ca'sematED 2 a. [F, f. It. casamatta (casa
house, perh. matto mad, also pseudo-)]
& case'ment (-s- or -z-), n. Metal -or wooden
hinged frame with glass forming (part of)
; window (often c.-window) (poet. &c.) window, ;
[f. med. L. casamentum, or f. case 2 + -ment]
cheese 4- -ous]
easep*n(e) (-z-), n. (Usu. pi.) small building(s)
for troops between ramparts & houses of for-
tress. [F (-e), f. Sp. caserna (casa house)]
sometimes -en). Cut cash 1 , n. (no pi.), & v.t. Ready money (in,
; out of, c, having, not having, money c. down, ;
paid on the spot); (Banking &c.) specie, or
specie and bank: notes; (Book-keeping) c-
account, to which only c. is carried, & from
 ;
;;; ;;

CASH 127 CASTOR

which all payments are rnade, c.-book, for into some shape, (figure &c.) of metal, whence
record of c. received and paid c.-pay merit, in ca'stiNG i(2) n. ; about, go this way
; c. that &
ready money c. price, lowest, for ready money
; in search, devise means, (for, to do, how); c.
hence ea'shLESS a. (Vb) give or obtain c. for away, reject, (pass., of ship) be wrecked ; c. back,
(note, cheque, &c.). [f. F casse (now caisse) revert c. down, depress c. in one's lot with, ; ;

box f. L capsa case 2] share fortunes of; c. off, abandon, (Knitting)

cash 2 , of E.-Ind. and
n. (pi. cash). Kinds close loops& make selvedge c. up, calculate, ;

Chinese small coin, esp. a Chinese coin perfor- [f.ON kasta perh. cogn. w. L gerere gest- it ;

ated for stringing = i&o of tael. [ult. f Tamil . displaced OE weorpan, & has been displaced
kasu a small coin by confusion with cash l ] in ordinary literal use by throw]
ea'shew, n. W.-Ind. &c. tree with kidney- cast 2, n. Throw of missile &c, distance so
shaped fruit (c.-nut). [f. F acajou f. Braz. attained, (archaic) ; throw, number thrown, at
acajoba] dice, whence chance or try; throw of net,
cashier* *, Person in charge of bank's orn. sounding-lead, or fishing-line (also in fishing
merchant's cash. [f. F caissier (cash *, -ier)] the fly with hook & gut; & good, bad, &c.
cashier* 2, v. t. Dismiss from service, depose place for casting) casual lift in cart &c. un-
; ;

discard, [f. Flem. or Du. casseren cf. F casser digested food thrown up by hawk, owl, &c.
f.L quassare (quatere quass- shake), with senses calculation, adding of columns in account;
also of L cassare annul (cassus vain)] set of actors taking the parts in play, or the
ca'shmere, n. (Also c.-shawl) shawl of fine distribution among them ; form into which
soft wool of Cashmere goat; the material; any work is thrown model made by running
;

imitation of it. Hence eashmerE'TTE(2) n. molten metal or pressing soft material into
casi'no Public music or dancing
(-se-), n. mould (also the negative mould itself) twist, ;

room. [It., dim. of casa house f. L casa cottage] inclination, (c. in eye, slight squint) ; tinge-
cask, n. Wooden vessel (^barrel 1 ); this shade, of colour; type, quality, (esp. c. Oj
and its contents varying measure of capacity, features, c. of mind), [f. prec]
;

[perh. f. F casque helmet J Casta'lian, a. Poetic, [f. L f. Gk Kastalia

ca'sket, n. Small box, often of precious fountain of the Muses + -an]
material & workmanship, for jewels, letters, ca'stanet (or -et), n. (Usu. pi.) hard-wood
&c. [perh. dim. of prec. (-et 1 ), but quoted from or ivory instrument(s) used in pairs to rattle in
a century earlier] time with dancing, [f. Sp. castaneta dim. of
casque (kask), n. (hist., poet.). Helmet. [F, castana f. L castanea chestnut]
f. Sp. cased] ea'staway, n. & a. Reprobate shipwrecked ;

Cassa'ndra, n. Prophet of ill ; unregarded (person), [p.p. of cast 1 away] ,

prophet. [Trojan prophetess fated to prophesy caste, n. Indian hereditary class, with
truly & be unbelieved] members socially equal, united in religion, &
cassa'tion, n. Annulment, [f. LL cassatio usu. following same trade, having no social
(L cassare cashier 2 -ation)] , intercourse with persons of other cc. heredi- ;

eassa'va (-sah-), n. W.-Ind. &c. plant with tary more or less exclusive class elsewhere
tuberous roots its starch or flour, bread made ; this system, the position it confers (lose, re-
from these, [f. Haytian casdvi &c] nounce, c, descend in social scale). Hence
ca'sserole, n. heat-proof earthenware A ca'steLESS a. [f. Sp. & Port, casta lineage
vessel in which meat &c. is cooked & served perh. orig. fern, of casto chaste]
(en c, so served). [F] ca'stellan, n. Governor of castle. [ME &
ca'ssia (also -sha), n. Inferior kind of ONF castelam f. L castellanus (castle, -an)]
cinnamon genus of plants yielding senna-
; ca'stellated, a. Castle-like ; battlemented
leaves,
1
[f. L f. Gk kasia f. Heb. q'tsi'ah (of district &c.) having castles, [f. med. L cas-
(qatsa cut off bark)] tellatus (CASTLE, -ATE 2 )]
ca'ssock, n. Long close tunic worn by some ea'stigate, v.t. Chastise, punish with blows
Anglican clergymen under gown or short & or words ; correct emend (book &c). Hence
surplice, or as ordinary attire. Hence ca's- castigATiON, ea'stigatOR 2 nn., ca'stig-a- ,

soekED 2 n. [f. F casaque etym. dub., perh. torv a. [f. L castigare (see -ate 3 ) perh. =
f. It. casacca habitation, also long coat, (casa castum agere make chaste]
see casino) cf. chasuble] ; ea*sting--vote, n. Vote that decides be-
cassole'tte, n. Vessel for burning per- tween two equal parties, [part, of cast 1 in
fumes perfume-box with perforated top. [F, obs. sense, cf. castor 2 ]
;

dim. of cassole dim. of casse pan] cast iron, n., cast-iron, a. Iron shaped
ca'ssowapy, n. Kinds of large cursorial by being run into mould. (Adj.) made of c.i.
bird related to ostrich, [f. Malay casuari] hard, untiring, rigid, unadaptable.
cast !, v.t. & i. (cast). Throw (poet, or archaic castle 1 (kalrsl, ka'sl), n. Large fortified
exc. in spec, uses, as : c.dice c. a vote, give or
; building or set of buildings, stronghold man- ;

deposit lots c. ashore c. net, hook, fly

it ; c. ; ; sion that was once such; (Ireland) The C.,
casting-net, one thrown & at once drawn in ; government system Dublin C, seat of vice-
(f.
c. the lead l in sounding c. anchor
, c. in one's ; ; regal court & government); Englishman's
teeth, reproach him with, that c. an eye, ; house his c, none may force entrance (Chess) ;
glance, look c. a spell on, bewitch c. light, a
; ; piece made with battlemented top, also Rook ;
shadow, on; c. blame, one's cares, upon c. into ; c. in the air, or as Gallicism c. in Spain, vision-
2>rison) overthrow in a lawsuit throw off,
; ; ary project, day-dream, (so c.-builder). Hence
get rid of, lose, (c. not a clout till May be out ea'stlED 2 a., ea'stlewiSE adv. [f. ONF castel
c. aside, give up using, abandon horse casts ; f. L castellum dim. of castrum fort]
shoe snake, deer, c. slough, horns cow, tree,
; ; ea'stle 2, v.t. & i. (chess). Move c. next king,
c. calf, fruit, drop prematurely; c. soldier, & king round c. (c. the king, or abs.). [f. prec]
policeman, horse, dismiss, reject c. loose, de- ; ea'stop l, n. Substance obtained from beaver
tach, detach oneself) reckon, calculate, (c. ; used in medicine & perfumery; (slang) hat.
accounts, do sums c. a column of figures &c, ; [obs. wd for beaver, F, f. L f. Gk kastor]
add up c. a horoscope or nativity) arrange
; ; ea'stor 2 -er, , n. 1. Condiment-bottle for
(c. facts into such a shape c. actors for parts, ; table, (pi.) cruet-stand; c.-sugar, white, pow-
parts to actors) form, found, (molten metal) ; dered. 2. Small swivelled wheel on leg of chair,
 ;;; J;

CASTOR 128 CATARACT

table, &c. [cast + -er sense 1 ori; of 1 -or 2 , l
; cata-, eat-, cath-, pref. in wds taken from
perforated-top bottle for casting pepper fitc. Greek, and in others formed with Gk materials
sense 2 f. obs. sense of cast l = veer, turn] or on Gk analogy meanings down, away, ; :

ea'stOP 3, n. Horny external knob inside wrongly, mis-, entirely, down upon, according
horse's leg (also chestnut), [perh. =cbs. castane to, alongside of, thoroughly, [f Gk kata prep. .

chestnut (ONF castanie f. L castanea)] cataciipe'sis, n. Perversion, improper use,

ea'stOP oil, n. Nauseous vegetable oil used of words. So eataehpe*stic(AL) aa., cata-
as purgative (cold-drawn c.o., expressed from ehpe'stiealLY 2 adv. [L, f. Gk CATA(khresis
seeds without heat), [etym. dub. perh. so ;
i.khraomai use)]
called as having succeeded castor 1 in med. use] ca'taclasm, n. Violent break, disruption,
eastpameta'tion, n. (archaeol.). Laying [f. Gk CATA(fc/asma f. klao to break)]
out of camps, [f. F castramitation f. L castra ea'taelysm, n. Deluge (esp. in Geol. as
camp, metari measure, -ation] required by theory of school that believed in
eastpa'te, v.t. Remove testicles of, geld; repeated destructions of all life followed by
deprive of vigour expurgate (book). Hence ; new creations) political or social upheaval.
;

castPA'Tiox n. [f. L castrare, -ate 3] Hence eataely'sixiAL, cataclysmic, aa.,

ea'sual (-zhob-, -zu-), a. & n. Accidental cataely*smiST(3) n. [f. F cataclysme f. Gk
irregular undesigned unmethodical, care-
; ; cata (klusmos flood f. kluo wash)]
less c. labourer, who works when the chance
;
ca'tacomb (-kom), n. Subterranean ceme-
comes c. poor, who sometimes need poor-
; tery (orig. that under basilica of St Sebastian
relief (also c. as noun) c.-ward, for their re- ; near Rome, supposed burying-place of Peter &
lief in work-house. Hence ea*sua,iLY 2 adv., Paul) (usu. pi.) the many Roman subterranean
;

ca'sualNESS n. [f. F casuel f. L casualis galleries with recesses excavated in sides for
(casus CASE -AL)] 1
,
tombs similar works elsewhere (in Paris,
;

ea'sualty, n. Accident, mishap, disaster, worked-out stone-quarries with bones from

esp. (pi.) list or number of killed, wounded, & emptied churchyards) wine-cellar, [etym. ;

invalided, in a battle, march, war, &c. [f. L dub. the cc. generally, while in use, were not
;

casualitas (prec, -ty) on anal, of royalty &c] so called that of St Sebastian was, catacumbas
;

ca'suist (-zhdb-, -zu-), n. Person, esp. theo- (Gk cata- kumbas at the boats?) being possibly
logian, who lays down application of ethical name of district or an inn]
rules to special cases, weighs conflicting obliga- eata'dpomous, a. (zool.). Descending to
tions, classifies e»3eptions, draws distinc- & lower river or sea to spawn. [f. Gk CATA(rfro- ,

tions sophist, quibbler. Hence easui'stic(AL)

;
mos -running) + -ous]
aa., casui'stiealLY adv., ca'suistRV n. [f.
2 ea'tafalque (-k), n. Decorated stage for
F casuiste f. L casus case 1 -ist(3)] , coffin or effigy of distinguished person during
ca'sus be' Hi, n. Act justifying war. [L] funeral service open hearse. [F, f. It. cata-
;

eat 1 , n. Small domesticated carnivorous falco etym. dub.; but cf. F echafaud scaffold]
quadruped (male, Tom-c.) ; Wild C, larger Ca'talan, a. n. &
(Native, language) of
native British kind spiteful woman, scratching ; Catalonia.
child (Zool.) any member of genus Felis, as
; catale'etie, a. Wanting a syllable in last
lion, tiger, panther, leopard (esp. the Cc, the foot (of verse), [f. LL f. Gk CATA(lektikos ceas-
great Cc.) c.-like animal of other species (civet,
; ing f. lego cease)]
musk, -c.) (Hist.) pent-house in sieges; (also
; ea'talepsy, n. Disease in which trances
cathead) horizontal beam from each side of occur; (Philos.) apprehension, grasping by
ship's bow for raising & carrying anchor (also ; mind. [f. med. L catalepsia f. Gk CATA(Zepsw>
c.-o'-nine-tails) rope whip with nine knotted seizure) see foil.]
lashes formerly used for flogging sailors & cataleptic, a. & n. Of, subject to, the dis-
soldiers six-legged tripod always standing on
; ease catalepsy (n., ac. person) (Philos.) mental ;

three of its legs tapered short stick in game ; apprehension, [f. LL catalepticus f. Gk cata-
tip-c. turn c. in pan, change sides, be turn-
; (leptikos seizing f. lambano seize)]
coat c. may look at king, rebuke to the exclu-
; ea'talogfue (-6g), n., & v.t. (Enumerate,
sive care killed the c. (for all its nine lives
; enter, in a) complete list, usu. alphabetical or
therefore be cheerful) wait for the c. to jump, ; under headings, & often with particulars added
see which way the c. jumps, cult of the jumping to items. Hence ea'talog'UER 1 n. [F.f.LLf,
c, &c, of politician refusing to advise until Gk katalogos f.CATA(Ze<70 choose) enroll]
public opinion has declared itself fight like ; cata'lpa, n. Kinds of tree with heart-shaped
Kilkenny cc, to mutual destruction bell 2 ; leaves &
trumpet-shaped flowers. [W.-Ind.]
the c. not room to swing a c, confined space
; ; eata'lysis, n. (chem.). Effect produced by
c.-&-dog life &c, full of quarrels, esp. that of a substance that without undergoing change
husband & wife rain cc. dogs, very hard ; & ;
a chemical change in other bodies.
itself aids
catbird, Amer. thrush catcall, shrill whistle ; So catalytic a. [f. Gk cata(Zm.si'.s loosing f.
(sound or instrument) expressing disapproval luo to loose) dissolution]
at theatre &c. (also as v.i. & t., use, reprove eatamapa'n, n. Raft or float of logs tied
with, this) c.-eyed, able to see in dark catfish,
; by side, longest in middle, used for com-
; side
of various kinds, esp. large Amer. river-fish munication with shore or short voyage raft ;

c.-ice, milky-looking, bubbly, not solid, irregu- of two boats fastened side by side quarrel- ;

lar by receding of water c.-lap, slops, tea, &c; ; some woman, [f. Tamil katta-maram tied tree]
c. -mint, blue-flowered aromatic plant c.-nap, ea'tamite,
; n. Sodomite's minion, [f L cata- .

-sleep, brief, in chair &c. c's-cradle, child's ; mitus f. Gk Ganumedes cup-bearer of Zeus]
game with transfers of string between fingers eatamoirntain, eatro'-m-, n. Leopard
of two players; c.'s-eye, precious stone of wild quarrelsome person.
Ceylon & Malabar; cSs-foot, ground-ivy; c.'s- ca'tapult, n., & v.t. & i. Ancient engine
meat, horse-flesh prepared & hawked as food worked by lever & ropes for discharging darts,
for cc. c.'s-paiv, person used as tool by another,
; stones, &c. boy's shooting contrivance of fork-
;

slight breeze rippling water in places c.'s-tail, ; ed stick & elastic (vb) shoot or pepper (bird,
;

various plants, as Reed-mace. Hence ea*t- &c, or abs.) with this. [f. L catapulta f. Gk
HOOD n., ea'tLiKE a. [com.-Europ. f. L catta] katapeltes perh. f. cata- + pallo hurl]
cat 2, v.i. & t. (colloq.). Vomit, [f. prec] ca'tapact, n. Waterfall (prop, large & sheer,
 ;;;
; ;;;

CATARRH 129 CATGUT

cf.cascade) downpour of rain, rush of water
; ca'tchment, n. C.-basin, -area, from which
(Path.) eye-complaint producing partial blind- rainfall flows into river &c. [catch i, -me»nt]
ness (Mech.) steam-engine governor acting by
; ca'tchpole, -poll, n. Sheriff's officer/burn-
flow of water, [f. F cataracte f. L cataracta f. bailiff,[f. med. L cacepollus cf. OF chacepol
Gk katarrhaktes f. c\T(arasso dash) or cata- chase-fowl (chase, L pidlus fowl)]
(rrhegnumi break) the path, sense prob. f. obs. ; ea'tchy, a. Attractive easily caught up ;

sense portcullis] (oftune &c.) [catch i + -y 2]

catarrh', n.
brane, a cold. Hence eatap'phAL a. [f.
catarrhe f. L catarrhus f. Gk katarrhous
katarrhed (cata-, rhed to flow)]
ea*ta(p)phine, a. & n. (zool.). (Monkey)
Inflammation of mucous mem- cate,n. (Usu. pi.) choice food, [for obs. acatet
F OFacat purchase f. acaternow acheter buy f. LL
f. AC(captare frequent, of L capere take) catch at]
catechetical) (-ke-), aa. Of, by, oral teach-
ing according to a, or the Church, catechism
;

having nostrils close together, oblique, & consisting of, proceeding by, question & answer.
directed downwards, & opposable thumbs on Hence cateehe'tiealLY 2 adv. [f. L f. Gk
all limbs, [f. Gk cata-, rhis rhinos nostril] katekhetikos f. katekhetes oral teacher (kate-
cata'stpophe, n. Denouement of drama; kheo catechize), -ic]
disastrous end, ruin event subverting system ; ca'techism Instruction by question
(-k-), n.
of things, esp. in Geol. (cf. cataclysm, uni- & answer published example of this, esp. on
;

formitarian), whence eatastpo'phic(AL) religious doctrine (Chxirch C, the Anglican

aa., cata*stPophiSiM(3), cata*stPophiST(2), Longer & Shorter C, of Presbyterians) series ;

nn. sudden, widespread, or signal disaster,

; of questions put to any one. Hence eate-
[f. Gk cat A(strophe turning f. strepho to turn)] chi'sniAL a. [f. L catechismus (foil., -ism)]
Catawba, n. U.S. grape & wine, [river C.J ca'techize (-k-), v.t. Instruct by question &
catch \ v.t. & i. (caught pr. kawt). Capture, answer, or by use of Church Catechism put ;
ensnare (c. crab 1 ), overtake (alsoc. up caught ; questions to, examine. Hence or cogn. ca'te-
in storm), lay hold of (also c. hold of; c. a chiST(l), ea'techizER 1 nn. [f. Lcatechizare
,

tartar c. up habit &c, adopt), be in time for

; f. Gk katekhizo t_CAT(ekheo sound) make hear]
(train &c.) surprise, detect, (at or in, or doing
;
; ca'teehu (-tshoo), n. Astringent substances
c. me !, him !, you may be sure we shall not) with much tannin from bark, wood, or fruits,,
hit (usu. with part specified caught him on the ; of Eastern plants, [f. Malay kachu]
nose also caught him a blow or one) (of fire
; ; catechu'men (ku-), n. A
convert under in-
or combustible) ignite, be ignited, (c. fire or c.) struction before baptism, [f. F catichumene f,
be entangled, take hold, (usu. c. in a thing pass. part, of Gk katekheo catechize]
bolt catches c. on, become popular)
; snatch ; categ'O'pical, a. (Logic: of proposition) un-
(esp. c. up, away, c. at, often flg. =be glad to conditional, absolute; explicit, direct, plain-
get) ; intercept motion of (nail catches dress speaking; (Ethics) c. imperative, bidding of
at cricket, prevent its touching ground
c. ball, conscience as ultimate moral law. Hence
off bat, also c. out batsman, dismiss by
c. or categ-o'picalLY 2 adv. [f. L f. Gkkategorikos
doing this) check suddenly (c. one's breath c.
; ; f. CAT(egoros -speaking) + -al]
up speaker, interrupt) receive, incur, be in- ; ca'tegopy, n. (Orig. Gk meaning, statement)
fected with, (cold, a cold, a fever a scolding, ; one of a possibly exhaustive set of classes
thrashing, or it enthusiasm, a habit, an ac-
'
' ; among which all things might be distributed
cent c. one's death pond &c. catches, is
; ; (the cc. of Aristotle are : substance, quantity,
coated with ice) grasp with senses or mind ; quality, relation, place, time, posture, posses-
(meaning, sound, tune c. a likeness, see & re- ; sion, action, passion) ; one of the a priori con-
produce it c. glimpse of, see for a moment
; ceptions applied by the mind as frames to-
don't c. on, fail to see meaning) arrest, capti- ; material supplied by sense class, division, [f.
;

vate, (attention, eye, fancy c. Speaker's eye, ; L f. Gk kategoria statement as prec]

succeed in being called on to speak in H. of catena, n. Connected series. [L,= chain]
Commons) c.-drain, along hillside to prevent
; cate'napy, catenap'ian, aa. & nn. (Like)
water's running off; c.-'em-alive-o, sticky fly- curve formed by uniform chain hanging freely
paper c.-fly, a sticky-stemmed plant catch-
; ; from two points not in one vertical line (c.
penny (adj.), claptrap, intended merely to sell bridge, suspension, hung from such chains),
catchweed, Goosegrass; catchword, word so [f. L catenarius (prec, -ary 1 -an)] ,

placed as to draw attention, e. g. first of diction- ea'tenate, v.t. Connect like links. So
ary article, rhyming word in verse, last word eaten a *tion n. [f L catenare as prec -ate 3 ]
. ,

(cue) of actor's speech, also influential tempor ea'tep *« n. The four

of cards or dice. [f. F
ary phrase in politics, religion, &c. Hence quatre f. L guatuor four]
ca'tchABLE a., (-)catchER HI, 2) n. [catch & 2
ea'tep , v.i. Purvey food (usu. for) provide
respectively f. OXF cachier & OF
;
chase are amusement &c
for. Hence ea'tePER i n. [f.
chacier (now chasser) both f. LL *captiare (L obs. noun cater (now caterer) =ot>s. acater f. OF
captus captive f. capere take) the gen. sense ; acateor buyer (cate, -or 2 )]
of catch (take, not pursue) is excl. E, the orig. ca-teran, n. (Sc). Highland fighting-man,
meanings (still in Rom.) having been taken by marauder, cattle-lifter, [f. Gael, ceathairne
the later adoption chase ] 2 peasantry]
catch 2, n. Act of catching amount of fish ; ea*tep-eousin, n. Intimate be cc, on good
;

caught chance of, success in, catching at

; or familiar terms, [perh. f. cater 2 as feeding
cricket (also a good, safe, c, one skilful at it) together]
cunning question, deception, surprise contriv- cateppillap, n. Larva of butterfly or moth ;

ance for checking motion of door &c. thing or rapacious person, [perh. f. OF chatepelose lit. ;

person caught or worth catching (no c, bad hairy-cat, with -s dropped as pi. sign, & spell-
bargain, unwelcome acquisition) (Mus.) com- ing influenced by \bpill rob, strip] ;

position for several voices, second &c. beginning ea'tep waul, v.i., & n. (Make) cat's scream-
same melody when first &c. is a line further on, ing quarrel like cats, [cat, waul] ;

usu. with arrangement for ludicrous verbal ea'tg-ut, n. Material used for strings of fiddle
combinations, [f. prec] &c made of twisted intestines of sheep, horse,
cartelling', a. In vbl senses; esp.: infectious; or ass (not cat) stringed instruments, [expl. of
;

attracti ve. 1-ing 2 J cat doubtfulj

f.d.
 ;; ; ; ;

CATH- 130 CAUSELESS

cath-. See cata-. ents' organization) thee, c. system as a politi- ;

cathap'sis, n. (Med.) purgation outlet ; cal power hence cau'cusDOM n. (Vb) use the
;

to emotion afforded by drama (ref. to Arist., c. system organize, dictate to, by its means
;

Poet. 6). [f. Gk katharsis (hatha iro cleanse hence cau'cusER 1 n. [U.S. wd (in sense meet-
f.katharos clean)] ing) perh. f. Algonkin = elder]
eathap'tie, a. & n. (med.). Purgative (medi- cau'dal, a.2 Of, at, like, tail. 2 Hence orcogn.
cine). Jf. L f. Gk kathartikos as
prec] eau*dalLV adv., eau*dATE a. L cauda [f.

cathe'dral, a. & n. (Also C. church) prin- tail + -al]

cipal church of diocese, with bishop's throne cau'dle, n. Warm gruel with spice, sugar,
c. utterance &c, delivered ex cathedra, & wine, for invalids, esp. women in child-bed. [f.

med. L, cathedralis L Gk CAT(hedra chair

f. ONF caudel med. L caldellum dim. of L
f. [f. f.

f. heel- sit), -al] cal(i)dum hot drink (calidus warm)]

Catherine- wheel, n. Circular spoked win- caught. See catch K
dow or window-compartment rotating fire- caul, n. Plain part at back ; of woman's cap ;

work lateral summersault (turn cc). [spiked membrane enclosing foetus;

; portion of this
wheel in St Catherine's martyrdom] sometimes found on child's head (good omen,
ea'thetep, n. (med.). Tubular instrument & charm against drowning), [f. F cale small
for passing into bladder. [L, f. Gk katheter f. cap etym. dub.]
CAT(hiemi send)] cau'ldpon, cal-, n. Large boiling-vessel
ca'thode, n. (electr.). Negative pole of cur- (usu. of deep basin shape with hoop handle &
rent, [f. Gk c\T(hodos way) descent] removable lid), [f. ONF caudron f. L caldarium
ea'tholie, a. & n. 1. Universal of interest ; hot bath (L calidus warm, -ary 1 ), -oon]
or use to all men all-embracing, of wide sym-
; caulescent, a. (bot.). With visible stem,
pathies, broad-minded, tolerant; C. Epistles, L caulis stalk after arborescent &c]
[f.
encyclical (those of James, Peter, Jude, & eau'liflowep (ko-), n. Cabbage with large
John— 2 & 3 John being irregularly included— fleshy flower-head. [f. F chouflori (now -fleur)
ef. canonical). 2. (Eccl.) C. Church, whole f. L caidis stem + F p.p. of hfiorere to flower,

body of Christians c, belonging (a) to this,

; w. assim. in E to L caulis Efloiver] &
(b) to the church before separation into Greek cau'line, a. (bot.). Of, on, stem. [f. L caulis
or Eastern &
Latin or Western, (c) to the Latin stem, -ine 1 ]
church after that separation (cf. orthodox), caulk (kawk), v.t. Stop up seams of (ship),
(d) to the part of the Latin church that re- stop up (seams), with oakum melted pitch. &
mained under the Roman obedience after the Hence eaul'kER 1 n. [f. OF cauquer squeeze
reformation, (e) to any church (as the Anglican) f. L calcare tread (calx heel)]
claiming continuity with (b) orthodox, in ac- ; eaulo-, comb, form of Gk kaxdos or L caulis
cord with the church in any of above senses, stem, [-o-]
esp. = roman catholic as (c) in contrast with cau'sal (-z-), a. Of, acting as, expressing, due
Protestant, Reformed, Lutheran, &c. C. King, ; to, a cause or causes; of the nature of cause
his C. Majesty, of Spain hence eatho'liCALLY, ; and effect. Hence eau'salLY 2 adv. [f. L
ea'tholicLV2 advv., eatho*lieiSM(2, 3) n.,
, causalis (causa, -al)]
<?atho*lieiZE(3) v.t., eatho'lieo- comb, form. causa'lity, n. The being, having, or actingv
(N.) member of the church in above senses; as, a cause relation of cause and effect, doc-
;

a Roman Catholic (cf. C. emancipation &c, i.e. trine that everything has cause(s). [prec, -itv]
of Roman Cc.) Old C, member of party that
; causa'tion Causing, producing an*
(-z-), n.
seceded from Rome 1870-1 in Germany, [f. F effect relation of cause and effect doctrine
; ;

catholique f. L f. Gk katholikos f. cath- holou that all things have causes, whence causa'-
on the whole, universally] tioniSM(3), causa*tioniST(2), nn. [f. hcausa-
catholi'city, n. Comprehensiveness, free- tio pretext, but w. sense f. med. L causare to
dom from prejudice; wide prevalence; agree- cause (L causa), -ation]
ment with Catholic or R.-C. Church doctrine, cau'sative (-z-), a. Acting as cause, pro-
•Catholicism, [prec, -itv] ductive of; (Gram.) expressing cause. Hence
cathd'licdn, n. Panacea. [F, f. Gk katho- cau'sative l v 2 adv. [f F causatif f L ca usa- . .

likon neut. catholic] tivus (causari give as pretext, -ive)]

Ca'tiline, n. Profligate conspirator. [Cati- cause 1 (-z), n. What produces an effect;
lina Roman noble d. 63 B.C.] anteeedent(s) invariably and unconditionally
ca'tkin, n. Downy hanging inflorescence of followed by a certain phenomenon person ;

willow, birch, &c. [f. Du. katteken (cat 1 -kin)] who, agent that, occasions something ground,
, ;

ca'tling*, n. Small cat fine cat-gut ampu- reason, motive, for action adequate motive or
; ; ;

tating knife. [-LING-M2); surg. sense unexpl.] justification (esp. show c.) efficient c, produc- ;

eato'ptpie, a. Of mirror, reflector, or re- ing force, material c, the requisite matter,
flexion. Hence eato'ptpics n. [f. Gk katop- formal c, the idea or definition, final c, pur-
trilcos f. CAT(optron f. op- see, -tron instr. suf.)] pose First C. the Creator. (Law, and from ; .

ca'ttle, n. Live stock oxen (as c. sheep) ; &

law) matter about which person goes to law
(slang) horses; black c, oxen of Scotch & Welsh his case (plead a c.) law-suit side of any dis- ; ;

highland breeds, orig. black contemptible per- pute espoused by person or party, militant
;

sons; c.-feeder, machine regulating amount of movement, propaganda, (make common c. with);
food for c. c.-leader, nose-ring; c.-lifter, c- c.-list, of cases awaiting trial. [F, f. L causa]
;

stealer; c.-pen 1 ; c.-picce, picture with c. c- cause 2 (-z), v.t. Effect, bring about, pro-
;

pZa^ue, contagious disease of c, rinderpest. [ME duce induce, make, (person or thing to do, ;

& OXF catel f. LL cavtale f. L capitate neut. to be done something to). Hence cau'SER l n.
capital in sense chief property; cf. chattel, [f. med. L causare (cf. L causari plead causes,
to which the orig. meaning of c. now belongs] give as pretext)]
Cauca'sian (-shn), a. & n. (Member) of the cause ce/eibre (koz sele'br), n. (pi. causes
white race, Indo-European, [the Caucasus, c&lebres, pr. as sing.). Law-suit that excites
supposed starting-place, + -ian] much attention. [F]
cau'eus !, n., & v.t. & i. Local political usu. cau'seless, a. Fortuitous ; without natural
elective party committee for fighting elections, cause ; unjustifiable, groundless, whence
defining policy, &c. (gen. used only of oppon- cau'selessLY 2 adv. [-less]
 !;
;; ;

CAUSERIE 131 CELEBRITY

causerie (kozere*), n. (pi, -s, pr. as sing.). ca'vera, n. Lnderground hollow (rhet.). [f.
Newspaper article of an informal or conversa- F caverne f. L caverna (cavus hollow)]
tional kind, esp. on literary subjects. [F] ca'verned.a. Like, in, with, cavern(s). [-ed 2 ]
causeuse (kozer'z), n. (pi. -s, pr. as sing.). cavernous, a. Full of caverns as of, huge ;

Small sofa for two. [F] or deep as, a cavern (c. darkness, mouth, eyes) •

cau'seway, cau'sey, (-z-), n., & v.t, Kaised porous, [f. L cavemosus (cavern, -ose 1 )]
road across low or wet place or piece of water caviar*, caviare* (-ar), n. Sturgeon-roe
raised footway by road (vb) provide with c.
;
pickled, eaten as relish ; c. to the general, good
[causeway = causey (ONF caucxe f. LL calciata thing unappreciated by the ignorant. [?]
trodden f. L calcare f. calx -cis heel) + way] ca*vil, v.i. (-11-), & n. (Raise) captious objec-
cau'stie, a. & n. (Substance) that burns or tion (at, about). Hence ca*villER i n. [f. OF
corrodes organic tissue (Common or Lunar c, caviller f. L cavillari (cavilla mockery)]
nitrate of silver for surg. use sarcastic, biting, ) ; ea*vity, n. Empty space within solid body,
whence eau'stiCALLY adv. (Math.) (surface, ; [f. F caviU (L cavus hollow, -ty)]
curve) formed by intersection of rays reflected cavor't, v.i. (U.S. slang). Prance. [?]
or refracted from curved surface. Hence ca*vy, n. Amer. rodent, [f. cabiai native
causti'ciTY n. [f. L f. Gk kaustikos (kaustos name in French Guiana]
burnt f. kaio burn, -ic)] caw, n. int., v.i. &t. &
(Make) rook's, &
eau'terize, v. t. Sear with hot iron or caustic crow s, raven's, cry ; c. out, utter in cawing
(fig.) make callous. Hence eauteriZA'TiON n. tone, [imit.]
[f. F cauteriser f. LL ca uterizare f. Gk ka uterion Ca*xton, n. Book printed by W. C. (first
branding-iron (kaio burn)] Engl, printer, d. 1492) ; printing-type in imita-
eau'tery, n. Metal instrument for searing tion of C.'s.
tissue cauterizing, [f. L f. Gk kauterion see
; cay, n. Insular bank or reef of coral, sand,
prec. second sense on anal, of nouns in -ery]
; &c. [ = quay]
cau'tion (-shn), n., & v.t. Prudence, taking cayenne, (Also C. pepper) pungent red
n.
care, avoidance of rashness, attention to safety, pepper of capsicum, [f. Braz. kyynha assim.
<c. money, deposited as security for good con- to Cayenne capital of French Guiana]
duct, esp. at Universities & Inns of Court), cayman, cai'man, n. Kinds of large
whence eau'tious a., eau'tiousLY 2 adv.; saurian of crocodile family (prop, an American
warning (in drill, preliminary word of com- genus with round short muzzle), [prob. f. Carib
mand), fact that acts as warning, warning with acayouman]
reprimand (dismissed with a a), whence cau*- ce. —CEE.
tionARY i a. ; (slang) extraordinary thing, cease \ v.i. & t. Desist from stop doing, be-
;

hideous or strange person. (Vb) warn (person, ing, &c. (of feelings, actions) come to an end ;
;

often against, to or not to do) warn & re- ; bring to an end (strife, endeavours, &c.) ; (Mil.)
prove. [F. f. L cautionem (cavere caut- take c. [ME
fire, discontinue firing. F
cessen f. ces-
heed, -ion)] ser L cessare frequent, of cedere cess- yield]
f.
cavalca'de, n. Company of riders. [F, f. cease n. Ceasing (obs. exc. in without c,
2
,
Pr. cavalcada f. cavalcar ride f. LL caballicare incessantly). Hence cea'seLESS a., cea'se-
f. L caballus horse see -ade]
; lessLY 2 adv., cea'selessNESS n. [f. OF ces
cavalier*, n. &a. Horseman courtly gentle- ; (cesser see prec.)]
man, gallant, esp. as escorting a lady, whence ee*city, n. Blindness (usu. fig.), [f. L caecitas
cavalier* v.t I7th-c. royalist (adj.) off-hand,
; ; (caecus biind, -ty)]
curt, supercilious, whence cavaliep'LY 2 adv. ee'dar, n. Kinds of cone-bearing tree in-
[earlier -Hero, -Hero, f. Sp. present form F, f. ; cluding C. of Lebanon, Atlas C, Deodar &
It. cavaliere (cavallo see cavalry, -ier)] various trees resembling c. ; =c.-wood. Hence
cava'lly, n. Kinds of tropical fish, horse- (poet. ) ee'dar n [-en ] a. [ME
5 OF cedre f L & .

mackerel, Sp. cavalla mackerel]

[f. f. Gk kedros]
ea'valry, Horse-soldiers (usu. w. pi. vb).
n. cede, v.t. Give up, grant, admit, surrender
[f. F cavallerie f. It. cavalleria (cavallo f. L (territory), [f. L cedere retreat]
caballus horse, -ery)] cedi'lla, n. Mark (*) written under c to
cavati'na (-te-), n. Short simple song; show that it is sibilant. [Sp., f. It. zediglia
smooth melodious air. [It.] dim. of zeta Gk name of Z]
cave n. Underground hollow usu. with
1
, cee, n. The letter C cee spring, C-spring, ;

horizontal opening, den idols of the c. (Pol.)

; ; spring so shaped supporting carriage body.
secession of part of party on some question ceil (sel), v.t. Line roof of (room), whence
(adullamite), the seceders c.-dweller, esp. cf ; cei*liNG 1 (2) n. [prob. f. F del heaven, ceiling,
prehistoric men living in cc. c.-fish, -man, -rat, ; f. L caelum heaven, w. inrt. of hcaelare emboss]
-spider, -sxcalloiv, kinds living in caves (alsoc- ce'ladon, n. & a. Willow green. [F, perh.
bear &c. of extinct kinds whose remains are f. name of character in D'Urfe's A stree]
found in cc. ). Hence ca'veLET n. [F, f . L cava ce'landine, n. Two yellow-flowered plants,
neut. pi. of cavus adj. hollow] Greater C, & Lesser C. (Pile-wort, Fig-wort),
cave 2 , v.t. &
i. make into a c.
Hollow out, [f. OFeelidoinef. hchelidoniaf. Gkkhelido-nion,
form political cave *.
: subside, recede,
C. in (khelidon swallow) for -n- cf. passenger] ;

<of earth &c. over hollow of wall yielding in-; -cele (sel), in medical compound words, =
wards cf. bulge) ; yield to pressure, submit, tumour of the [f. Gk kele tumour]
.

withdraw opposition smash in (esp. person's

; ce'lebrant, n. Officiating priest, esp. at
hat or head), spoil shape of. [f. prec. but c. in ; Eucharist, [f. L celebrare (foil.), -ant]
may be f. obs. calve fall in cf. Flem. in-kalven, ce'lebrate, v.t. & i. Perform publicly &
Du. af-kalven, in similar sense] duly (religious ceremony &c); officiate at
ea*ve 3 , int. (schoolboy slang). Look out Eucharist observe, honour, with rites, festivi-
;

(warning of master's approach). [L, - beware] ties, &c. (festival, event) publish abroad, ;

ca*veat, n. (Law) process to suspend pro- praise, extol, (p.p.) famous. Hence celebrA'-
ceedings (enter, put in, a c). Warning pro- ; tion n. [f. obs. celebrate adj. f. L celebrare
viso. [L, = let him beware] (celeber -bris frequented), -ate 2 >
3
]
ca*vendish,n. Tobacco softened, sweetened, cele'brity, n. Being famous ; well-known
& pressed into cake, negro-head. [?] person, [f. L celebritas (celeber see prec, -ty)]
 — ;

CELERIAC 132 CENTESIMAL.

eele'riae, n. Turnip-rooted celery, [f. cel- ce'lto- , comb, form of celt Hence cel- 1
.

ery, -ac unexplained] tO'LOGIST, CeltOMA'NIAC, Ce'ltOPHIL, nn. [-0-]

eele'rity, n. Swiftness, dispatch (of living cement, n., & v.t. Substance applied as
movement or agency), [f. F cilerite f. L celeri- paste & hardening into stony consistency for
tatem (celer swift, -ty)] binding together stones or bricks & for forming
celery, n. Plant of which blanched stem floors, walls, &c, strong mortar of calcinated
is used as salad & vegetable, [f. F celeri ult. f. lime & clay (hydraulic c, hardening under
Gk selinon parsley] water) any substance applied soft for sticking ;

celeste, n. & a. Sky blue (also voix c.) things together (fig.) principle of union sub-
; ; ;

organ & harmonium stop; (adj.) sky-blue. [f. stance for stopping teeth bony crust of tooth- ;

F celeste f. L caelestis (caelum heaven)] fang. (Vb) unite (as) with c apply c. to, line ;

cele'stial, a. & n. Of the sky (c. globe, map) or cover with c [ME cyment f. OF ciment f. L
heavenly, divine, divinely good, beautiful, &c, caementum for caedimentum (caedere cut,
whence eele'stialL y 2 adv. ; C. Empire, China -ment) chippings of stone]
(transl. of native title so C. = Chinese, a. & n.). ; cemetery, n. Place for burials, not being
[OF (L caelestis see prec, -al)] a churchyard, [f. L f. Gk koimeterion dormi-
ee'libate (-at), a. & n. (Person) not married, tory (koimao put to sleep)]
bound or resolved not to marry unmarried (of : cenobite. See coenobite.
life, habits). So ee'libACY n., eelibatARTAN cenotaph, n. Sepulchral monument to
a. & n. [f. L caelebs -ibis unmarried + -ate 2 (2)] person whose body is elsewhere tomb from ;

cell, n. 1. Dependent nunnery or monastery
(hist anchoret's one-roomed dwelling cottage
) ;
(poet.); grave (poet.); single person's small
room in monastery or prison (condemned c, for
one condemned to death) compartment in bees'
comb (Electr.) voltaic apparatus with only one
;
pair of metallic elements, unit of battery. 2.
Enclosed cavity in organism or mineral (cc. of
brain, imaginary compartments assigned to
which one has risen, [f. F cenotaphe f. L f. Gk
; kenotaphion (kenos empty, taphos tomb)]
cense, v.t. Perfume, worship, with burning
incense, [f. obs. cense noun short for incense 2]
; censer, n. Vessel in which incense is burnt.
[f.OF(en)censierf.'LincensumiiiCENSE. 1 ,-KR 2 (2)]
ee'nsor, n., & v.t. Ancient-Roman magis-
trate drawing up register or census of citizens
& supervising public morals person expressing ;

various faculties) (Biol.) portion of protoplasm

;
opinions on others' morals & conduct official ;

usu. enclosed in membrane, ultimate element licensing, or suppressing as immoral, seditious,

of organic structures (Zoophytes) cup-like ; or inopportune, books, plays, news, or military
cavity of individual polype in compound poly- intelligence (vb, exercise such control over,
pidom. Hence (-)cellED-, ee'lliFORM, aa. [f. make excisions or changes in) various Uni- ;

OF celle f. L cella small room] versity officials. Hence or cogn. censor'iAL

cellar, n., & v.t. (Put, store, in an) under- a., ce'nsorsHip n. [L, f. censere tax, -or 2 ]
ground room (also xoine-c.) place in which wine
;
censorious, a. Fault-finding, over-critical.
is kept, one's stock of wine (keeps a good c.) c- Hence censor'iousLY 2 adv., censor'ious- ;

flap, trapdoor into c. c.-plate, in pavement over ness n. [f. L censorius (censor, -ory) + -ous]
;

hole into coal-c. Hence cellar age n. [f. OF censure (-sher), n., & v.t. Adverse judg-
celier f. L cellarium (prec, -ar 2 -ary 1 )] ment, expression of disapproval, reprimand.
,

cellarer, n. Monastic keeper of wine & pro- (Vb) blame, criticize unfavourably, reprove ;

visions, [f. OF celerier (celier see prec, -ier)] hence censurABLE a. [f. F censure(r) f. L
cellaret, n. Case or sideboard for keeping censura (censere tax, -ure)]
winebottles in dining-room, [-et 1 ] census, n. Official numbering of population
'ce'llo (tsh-), n. (Short for) violoncello. with various statistics (in Gt Britain taken
cellular, a. Of, having, small single rooms every ten years) c.-paper, form left at every ;

or compartments or cavities; (Physiol.) con- house to be filled up with names, ages, &c, of
sisting of cells (as c. tissue) c. plant, without inmates. [L, f. censere to rate]
;

distinct stem, leaves, &c Hence cellula'ri- cent, n. Per c, for, to, in, every hundred (in
ty n. [as foil., -AR 1
] stating proportion, esp. of interest) ; three &c
cellule, n. (physiol.). Cell or cavity (see per cents, public securities at 3 °/o &c. c.perc, ;

cell, 2 the derivatives are formed from

; interest equal to principal; (U.S. &c) hun-
cellule, not cell). Hence or cogn. ce'llulATE 2 ,
dredth of a dollar typical small coin (don't
;

-ated, celluliFEROUS, eellulous, aa., care a c). [f. F cent or L centum hundred]
eellulATiON n., cellulo- comb. form. [f. L cental, n. Weight of 1001b. used for corn,
cellula (celld cell, -ule)] [f. L centum hundred, perh. after quintal]
ce'lluloid, a. & n. Like cells ; (n.) substance centaur, n. Horse with human body, arms,
like ivory, made chiefly of cellulose, [irreg. and head, taking the place of its neck and
f.cellulose 2 + -oid] head ; hybrid creation, person or thing of
cellulose a. Consisting 1
, of cells. Hence double nature name of a constellation per-
; ;

cellulo'siTY n. [cellule, -ose 1 ] fect horseman. Hence ee'ntaurESS 2 n. [f. L

cellulose 2 , n. (chem.). Substance forming f. Gk kentauros etym. dub.]
solid framework of plants. [F, f. L cellula centaury, n. Name of various plants, [ult.
CELLULE + -OSE 2 ] f. Gk kentaurion (kentauros see prec) said to
Cel'sius. See centigrade. have beenused medicinally by centaur Chiron]
Celt 1 , Kelt, n. (Member) of one of the centenar'ian, a. & n. (Person) a hundred
peoples akin to the ancient Galli (Bretons, years old. [as foil. + -an]
Cornish. Welsh, Irish, Manx, Gaels), [f. F centenary (also se a. & n.
-), Of a hundred
#

Celle f. L Celta ;Keltai, pi.]

cf. Gk Keltoi, years. space of a hundred years reckoned
(X.)
celt 2, n. (archaeol.). Bronze or stone (or iron) from any point in a century; centennial anni-
chisel - edged prehistoric implement. [wd versary, celebration of it. [f. L centenarius
founded on a perh. false reading in Vulgate of (centeni a hundred each, -ary 1 )]
Job xix. 24 stylo ferreo, et plumbi lamina, vel centennial, a. & n. Of, having lived or
1. certe) sculpantur
celte (v. cf. fylfot] ; lasted, completing, a hundred years (of) the ;

Celtic, K-, a. & n. (Language) of the Celts. hundredth anniversary, [f. L centum hun-
Hence eeltiCALLY adv., ee*lticisM(2, 4) n., dred, & as biennial]
ce'lticizE(2, 3) v.i. & t. [f. L celticus (celt \ -ic)j centesimal,a. Reckoning,reckoned,by nun-
 ;;; .;

CENTT- 133 CEREMONY

dredths. L centrifugal. Hence centri'petalLY 2 adv.
Hence eente'simalLY 2 adv. [f.

centesimus hundredth (centum hundred) + -al] [f. L -petus -seeking (petere seek) and as prec]
eenti-, comb, form of L centum hundred, ee'ntro-, comb, form of L centrum centre l ,
= 1/100 of the denomination in the metric = centre-, central, centrally.
system. Hence ee'ntiGRAMME, ee'ntiLiTRE centuple, a., n., & v.t. Hundredfold (vb) ;

(-let«r), ce'ntiMETRE, nn. multiply by a hundred, [f. LL centuplus for L

ee'ntigrade, a. Having a hundred degrees centuplex (centum hundred, -plic- fold)]
(of Celsius's thermometer, with freezing-point centu- plicate, a. & n. (-at), &v.t. (-at).
0° &boiling-point 100°). [F, f. centum a hun- L = prec, esp. in c, of things of which a hundred
dred + grad us step] copies are produced, [f. L centuplicare as
eenti'llion, n. Hundredth power of a million prec, -ate 2 '
3
]
(1 with 600 ciphers), [centum (prec), billion] centurion, n. Commander of century in
centime (sahnte*m, or as F), n. French coin Roman army. [f. L centurio -onis (foil.)]
= 1/100 of a franc. [F] ee'ntury, n. (Rom. company
in army,
hist.)
centipede, n. Many-footed wingless crawl- orig. of 100 men ;political division for voting.
ing animal. If. L centipeda (centum hundred, A hundred of something (esp., 100 runs at
pes pedis foot)] cricket) ; one of the hundred - year periods
ee'ntner, German weight, about 1 cwt. counting from a received epoch, esp. from
n.
[G. f. L centenarius centenary] birth of Christ (first c, 1-100, nineteenth c,
cento, n. Composition made up of scraps 1801-1900, Sec.)', any hundred successive years,
from other authors. [L, = patchwork garment] centenary, [f. L ccnturia (centum hundred)]
ee'ntral, a. Of, in, at, from, containing, the cepha'lic, a. Of, in, the head. [f. F cbpha-
centre leading, principal, dominant. Hence lique f. L f. Gk kephalikos (kephale head, -ic)]
;

eentra'liTY n., ee'ntral ly adv., ee'ntral

2 - -cepha'lic. = -cephalous.
ness n. [f. L centralis (centrum centre, -al)]
centralism, centralist, nn. (Upholder
ee'phalo-, comb, form = head-, head-&
[see cephalic, -o-]
—
of) a centralizing system, [prec. + -ism (3), -ist(2)] eephalopod, n. Mollusc with distinct
centralize, v.i. & t. Come, bring, to a tentacled head, [prec + Gk pous podos foot]
centre concentrate (administration) at sin-
; cephalothor'ax, n. Coalesced head &
gle centre; subject (State &c.) to this system. thorax of spider, crab, &c [cbphalo-, thorax]
Hence ee'ntralizATiON n. [central, -ize(3)] -cephalous, last element esp. of anthropo-
ee'ntre , ee'nter, n. & a. Middle point logical terms = -headed, as brachyc, with short
1

(strictly, equidistant from ends of line measur- head. [f. Gk kephale head + -ous]
ing along it, or from extremities of regular eera'mie, k-, a. Of the art of pottery.
surface or body, or from all points in circum- Hence eera'mics, ee'ramiST(2), nn. [f. Gk
ference of circle or sphere, & at mean distance keramikos (keramos pottery, -ic)]
from all points in periphery of irregular surface ee'rato-, comb, form of Gk keras -atos horn,
or body) point, pivot, axis, of revolution (in = horn-&
;

lathe, conical adjustable bearing to hold re-

horny-, & esp. of the cornea.
Cer'berus, n. Three-headed dog guarding
— ,

volving object) point of concentration or entrance to Hades (sop to C, something to pro-

;

dispersion, nucleus, source; (Fenians &c.) pitiate an official, guard, &c). [L, f. Gk Ker-
organizer, leader, (esp. head-c); (hit on) part beros]
of target between bull's-eye and outer (Arch.) ; cere, n. Naked wax-like membrane at base
wooden mould for arch or dome while building ofsome birds' beaks, [f. F cire f. L cera wax]
(Mil.) main body of troops between wings cer'eal, a. & n. Of corn or edible grain (n., ;

(Pol. orig. f. French) the C., men of moderate

; usu. kinds of grain used for human food,
pi.)
opinions (left-c, left, radical grades right-c, ; [f. L Cerealis (Ceres goddess of corn, -al)]
right, reactionary) c. of attraction, (Physics) ; cerebellum, n. Little or hinder brain. [L,
to which bodies tend by gravity, (fig.) drawing dim. of cerebrum]
general attention c. of gravity, that point in
; cerebral, a. Of the brain; c. letter, con-
body, which being supported, body remains at sonant sounded by turning tongue-tip to top of
rest in any position c. of mass, point (in rela- ; palate, [f. F
ceribral (cerebrum, -al)]
tion to body) any plane passing through which eerebra'tion, n. Working of the brain,
divides body into two parts of equal weight esp. xinconscious c, of results reached without
dead c. c.-piece, ornament for middle of table
; ; conscious thought, [cerebrum +- -ation]
c.-rail, third rail on mountain railways for ee'rebrum, n. The brain proper, in front
cogged wheel &c. ; c.-second(s), seconds hand of and above the cerebellum. Hence ee're-
mounted on centre arbor of clock or watch bro- comb. form. [L]
c.-bit, boring-tool with c. point & side cutters ; eere'ment (ser-), n. (usu. pi.). Grave-clothes,
c.-board, (flat-bottomed boat with) board for [f.F cirement (cirer to wax, wrap in waxed
lowering through keel to prevent lee- way cloth, see cere)]
hence ee'ntreLESS, ee'ntric(AL), aa., ee'n- ceremd'nial, a. & n. With or of ritual or
triealLY 2 adv., eentri'eiTY n. (Adj.) at, of, ceremony, formal hence eeremo*nialiSM(3), ;

the c. ; hence ee'ntreMOST a. [F (-re), f. L f. eeremo*nialisT(2), nn., eeremo'nialLY 2

Gk kentron spike (kenteo to prick)] adv. (N.) system of rites formalities proper ;

ee'ntpe 2, center, v.i. & t. Be concentrated to any occasion observance of conventions

;

in, on, at, round,, about place in

; c. ; mark with (R.-C. Ch.) book of ritual, [f. L caerimonialis
a c. ; concentrate in &c. ; find c. of. [f. prec] (ceremony, -al)]
centrifugal, Flying, tending to fly,
a. ceremo'nious, a. Addicted or showing
from centre c. force, with which body revolv-
; addiction to ceremony, punctilious. Hence
ing round centre tends to fly off, inertia c. ; eeremo'niousLY 2 adv., ceremo'nious-
machine &c, in which c. force is utilized ; ness n. [f. L caerimoniosus (foil., -ous)]
(Bot.) c. inflorescence, in which end flower ee'remony, n. Outward religious rite or
opens first & side ones in downward order. polite observance empty form stately usage ; ; ;

Hence eentri'fugalLY 2 adv. [f. L centrum formalities punctilious behaviour (without c,

;

centre 1 + -fugus -flying (fugere flee) + -al] ofF-hand stand uponc, insist on conventions,
;

centri'petal, a. Tending towards centre keep one's distance) Master of the Cc, super- ;

c. force, machine &c, inflorescence, opposite of intending forms observed on state or public
 ;
;;

CERIPH 134 CHAIN

occasions, [prob. f. OF cerymonie f. L caeri- cessionary, n. = assign 2. [f . med. L cessio-
mouia Skr. karman work, rite, (kri do)]
cf. + -ary
narius as prec. 1
]
ce'riph, se'rif, n. Fine line in letter, esp. cesspit, n. Midden, [see foil.]
at top or bottom of capitals, [perh. f. Du. & cesspool, n. Well sunk for soil from water-
Flem. schreef line] closet &c, retaining solids & letting liquid
ceri'se (-ez), a. & n. (Of) a light clear red. escape (also fig., as c. of iniquity). Iprob. f. It.
[F,j^cherry] cesso privy f. L secessus secession]
cerium, metal.
n. A
Hence cep'ic(l), cestoid, a. & n. (zool.). Ribbon-like (in-
eer'ous, aa. planet Ceres, discovered (1801)
[f. testinal worm, as tape-worm), [f. L f. Gk
just_before, + -ium] kestos girdle + -oid]
cepo-, comb, form of L cera or Gk keros wax. eet-, comb, form = of spermaceti, in chem.
ceropla'stie, a. Modelled, of modelling, in names, [f. L cetus -i f. Gk ketos -eos whale]
wax. Hence eepopla'stics n. [f. Gk kero- ceta'cean, a. & n. (Member) of the mam-
=cero( plastikos adj. f. plasso to mould)] malian order containing whales. So cetA'-
eep'tain (-tn,-tin), a. Settled, unfailing; ceous a. [as prec, -ace an]
unerring, reliable sure to happen indisput-
; ; eeteosaup, -saup-us, n. Fossil saurian,
able convinced (of, that)
; destined, un- ; [f.Gk ketos -eos whale & sauros lizard]
doubtedly going, to do that might but need ; cetepaeh (-k), n. Kinds of fern with frond-
not or should not be specified (a c. person, backs covered with scales, [med. L, etym. dub.]
lady of a c. age), some though perhaps not ce'teris pa'ribus, adv. Other things being
much {felt a c. reluctance), existing but prob- equal. [L]
ably unknown to hearer (a c. John Smith) for ; Chablis (sha'ble), n. A French white wine,
c, assuredly. [OF (L certus orig. p.p. of cernere [place name]
decide, -an)] chafe 1
(tsh-), v.t. & i., & n. Rub (skin, to
eep'tainly adv. Indubitably; in-
(-tn-), restore warmth) make, become, sore by rub-
;

fallibly; confidently; admittedly; (in answers) bing ; (of beast, river) rub itself against (bars,
I admit it, no doubt, yes. [prec. + -ly 2] rocks) ; irritate ; show irritation, fume, fret.
ceptainty (-tn-), n. Undoubted fact (bet on (N.) (sore made by) friction ; state of irritation,
:

a c, usu. dishonestly with secret knowledge of pet, (in a c). [f. chaufer f. OF
calefacere L
result),indubitable prospect; thing in actual (calere be hot, facere make)]
possession absolute conviction (of, that) to,
; ; cha'fep (tsh-), n. Kinds of beetle, usu. the
for, a c, beyond possibility of doubt, [f. OF cockchafer. [OE cefer cf. G kdftr perh. f.
certaincti (certain*, -tv)] kaf- gnaw cf. jowl]
cep'tes (-z), adv. (archaic). Assuredly, I chaff (tsh-), n., & v.t. 1. Separated grain-
assure you. [OF, also a certes perh. f. L a husks ; chopped hay and straw bracts of ;

certisfrom sure (grounds)] grass-flower spurious substitute (caught with

;

cepti'ficate (-at), n., & v.t. Document c, easily deceived or trapped) worthless stuff; ;

formally attesting a fact, esp. the bearer's c.-cutter, machine chopping fodder;
hence
status, acquirements, fulfilment of conditions, cha*ffY 2 chop (straw &c). 2. Banter
a. ; (vb)
right to company shares, &c. ; bankrupt's c, (n. & v.t.) [OE ceafct OHG cheva perh. f. kef-
stating that he has satisfied legal requirements gnaw cf. jowl; sense 2 may be fig. use of 1
& may recommence business. (Vb) furnish (starting with noun), or (starting with vb) be =
with, license by, c. ; hence eepti'ficATiON n. chafe (anger playfully)]
[f. med. L certification neut. p.p. (foil.)] eh a'ffep (tsh-), v.i. & t., & n. Haggle, bargain
eep'tify, v.t. (caway, = bargain away); hence eha'ffePER 1
Attest formally, declare by
certificate, whence eep'tifiABLE a. inform n. (N.) = chaffering. [ME ch(e)apfare f. OE
;

certainly, assure. Hence cep'tifiER 1 n. [f. ceap see chapman +faru fare]
F certifier f. med. L certificare (certain', -fv)] cha'ffinch (tsh-), n. Common British small
certiorafif n. Writ from higher court for bird, [chaff (f. haunting barndoor) + finch]
records of case tried in lower. [L wd in writ] cha-nng-dish, n. Vessel with burning
eep*titude, n. Feeling certain, conviction. charcoal &c. inside for keeping warm things
[F, f. LL certitudinem (certain, -tude)] placed on it. [f. obs. sense of chafe = warm]
cepu'lean (-00-), a. Deep-blue. [f. L caeru- chagrin (shagre'n), n., & v.t. (Affect with)
leus prob. for caelul- (caelum sky) + -an] acute disappointment or mortification, [f. F
eepirmen (-00-), n. Ear-wax. So eepir- chagrin(er) f. Turk, saghri rump of horse,
minous a. [f. L cera wax on anal, of albumen] prepared hide, shagreen sense by metaphor ;

eep'use (Also white lead) a white

(-00s), n. f. use of shagreen for friction]
paint from carbonate & hydrate of lead, esp. chain (tsh-), n., & v.t. Connected series of
as cosmetic, [f. L cerussa prob. f. a Gk metal or other links (endless c.) fetters, con- ;

keroussa fem. of keroeis waxy (cero-)] finement, restraining force necklace, watch- ;

eepvi-eal (also servi-), a. (physiol.). Of the guard, &c. ; sequence, series, set, (of proof,
neck. So eepvreo- comb. form. [f. L cervix events, posts, mountains ; ladies' c, movement
neck + -al]
-icis in quadrille) ; jointed metal-rod measuring-
cep'vlne, a. Of, like, deer. [f. L cervinus line, its length (66 ft) (also c.-shot) two balls ;

(cervus deer + -ine l

)] or half balls joined by c. for cutting masts &c.
Cesape-vitch, -witch, (ra), n. Tsar's (Xaut.) fastening for shrouds below channel 2
eldest son. [Russ.] (also c.-plate), the cc. (also the fore, mizen,
cess, n. Tax, rate
(now displaced by rate in main,-cc), whole contrivance (channel, c. -plate,
Engl., but used in various senses in Ireland, & DEAD-eyes) for widening basis of shrouds
Scotland, and India), [prop, sess for obs. c.-armour, -mail, made of interlaced rings
assess n. see assess] c.-bridge, = suspension c.-coupling, extra coup- ;

cessa'tion, n. Ceasing pause, [f. L cessatio ; ling of railway vans in case of accident to
(ccssare cease 1 , -ation)] screw-coupling; c.-moidding, archit. ornament
ce'ssep, n. (legal). Coming to an end, cessa- with link carving c.-stitch, ornamental sewing
;

tion, (o/term, liability, &c). [F (cease 1 -er 4 )] , like chain, (sewing machine) simple sewing (cf.
cession (-shn), n. Ceding, giving up, (of c.-wale, = channel 2
lock 3-stitch) ; ; c.-xcheel,
rights, property, or esp. of territory by State). power by c. fitted to
transferring its edere
[F, f. L cessionem (cedere cess- go away, -ion)] hence chai'nLESS a., chai'nLET n. (Vb)
 ;

CHAIR 13b chance:

secure, confine, with c. (lit. & fig.), [f. OF cha'llis (tsh-), n. Lady's-dress fabric. [?]
chaeine f. L catena] chalybeate (k-), a. Impregnated with iron
chair (tsh-), n. & v. t. Separate seat for one, of , (of mineral water or spring), [irreg. for chaly-
various forms (arm or elbow, bath curule, i l
, bate f. L f. Gk khalups -iibos steel + -ate 2 ]
deck easy 1
take a c, sit down); seat of
,
1
; cham (k-), n. Great c, autocrat (esp. of domi-
authority professorship mayoralty (pant or
; ; nant author or critic), [obs. form of khan]
above the C., below the C, of alderman who has, chamade (sh«mah*d), n. Signal for retreat
has not, been mayor) seat, ofiice, of person ; on drum or trumpet. [F, Port,
f. chamada
presiding at meeting, public dinner, &c. [take, (chamar f. L clamare call, -ade)]
leave, the c, begin, end, the proceedings) chair- ; cha'mbep (tsha-), n. Room, esp. bedroom
man (address, appealto, the c. 'chair! chair. \ ;
f
(poet, or archaic but c.-music, for performance;

protest against disorder) (Railway) iron or ; in room, not at theatre, church, &c. c. -concert, ;

steel socket holding rail in place; (Hist.) = of c.-music) ; (pi.) set of rooms in larger building,
sedan c.-bed, that can be unfolded into c.
; esp. in Inns of Court, let separately, judge's
(Vb) install in c. of authority place in c. and ; room for hearing cases not needing to betaken
carry aloft (winner of contest, election, &c). in court (hall used by) deliberative or judicial
;

[f. OF chaere f. L f. Gk kathedra (cathedral)] body, one of the houses of a parliament C. of ;

chair'man, n. (pi. -men ; fern, chairwoman). Commerce, Agriculture, board organized to

Person chosen to preside over meeting, per- forward these in a district; (also c.-pot) vessel
manent president of committee, board, &c. for urine ; c.-counsel, lawyer giving opinions
(C. of Committees, in Houses of Pari., presiding in private, not practising in court chamber- ;

instead of Lord Chancellor & Speaker when maid, housemaid at inn enclosed space in ;

House is in Committee), whence chaip'man- body of animal or plant, or in machinery &c.

ship n. keeper of Bath-chair; (Hist.) one of
; (esp. part of gun-bore, of larger diameter in
two sedan-bearers. some cannon, separate in revolver, that con-
chaise (shaz), n. Pleasure or travelling car- tains charge). Hence (-)ehamberED 2 a. [f.
riage of various shapes, usu. now low, four- F chambre f. L camera f. Aryan kam- cover
wheeled, & open, with one or two ponies over cf. Gk kamara vault]
POST-c. [F, var. of chaire f. OF chaere chair] chamberlain (tsha'mberlin), n. Officer
ehalee'dony (k-), cal-, n. Precious stone managing household of sovereign or great
of quartz kind with many varieties as agate, noble; Lord Qreat C. of England, hereditary
cornelian, chrysoprase. [f. L c(h)alcedonius f. holder of ceremonial office Lord C. of the ;

Gk khalkedon etym. dub.] Household, with part management of Royal

chalco- (k-), comb, form esp. in minera- Household, & licenser of plays. Hence cha'm-
logical terms = copper-, brass-, [f. Gk khalkos] berlainSHiPn. [OF, f. Teut. *kamarling (OHG
ehaleo'graphy, n. Art of engraving on chamarling) f. kamara f. L camera see prec]
copper, [prec, -graph y] chameleon (k-), n. Small prehensile-tailed
chalcopyp'ite (-ir-), n. A copper ore, yellow long-tongued lizard with power of changing
or copper pyrites, [chalco-, pyrite] colour & of living long without food incon- ;

Chalde-an & n. (Native) of Chaldea

(k-), a. stant person. Hence chameleonic a.,
or Babylon ; soothsayer, astrologer, [f. Lf. Gk ehame'leon-LiKE, a. & adv. [f. L f. Gk
khaldaios + -an] khamaileon (khamai on ground, Icon lion)]
cha'ldron (tshawl-), n. Coal measure, 36 cha'mfer (tsh-), v.t., & n. Bevel symmetri-
bushels, [f. OF chauderon as cauldron] cally (right-angled edge or corner) (n.) surface ;

chalet (sha'la), n. Swiss mountain dairy- so given (hollow or concave c, made as with
hut Swiss peasant's wooden cottage villa in
; ; gouge instead of chisel) channel, flute, (v.t. ,& ;

this style street lavatory. [F, Swiss wd perh.

; n.). [f. OF chanfraindre (cant 1 , L frangere)
dim. of casella dim, of It. casa house] lit. break-corner]
cha'lice (tsh-), n. Goblet eucharistic wine- ; chamois (sha/mwah, in sense 2 sha'mi), n.
cup (poet.) flower-cup, whence eha'licED 2
; European wild antelope of goat size. 2. (Also a. 1.
[OF (now calice), f. L calix] c.-leather, shammy, shammy-leather) soft
chalk (tshawk), n. White soft earthy lime- pliable leather from sheep, goats, deer, &c.
1

stone used for burning into lime & for writing [F, prob. f. Swiss Rom. cf. It. camozza, also G ;

& drawing coloured preparation of like tex- gemse (OHG gamz)]

;

ture used in crayons for drawing as like as c. cha'momile. = camomile. ;

& cheese, unlike in essentials ; by (a) long champ (tsh-), v.t. & i., n. Munch (fodder) &
chalk(s), by far (f. use of c. to score points in noisily ; work noisily in teeth ; (make)
(bit)
games) ; c.-bed, stratum of c. ; c.-pit, quarry chewing action or noise, [prob. imit.]
c.-stone, gouty concretion like c. in tissues & champag'ne (sh-), n. Kinds of wine from
joints esp. of hands feet. [OE cealc, com.- & E. France (usu. white &
sparkling), [name of
WG, cf. G kalk, f. L calx -cis lime] province, = foil.]
chalk 2, v.t. Rub, mark, draw, write, write champaign (tsha/mpan), n. (Expanse ofV
up, with c. ; c. out, sketch, plan as thing to be open country, [f. OF champaigne = campagnaJ
accomplished (often for oneself), [f. prec] cha'mpion (tsh-), n. & a., & v.t. Person who
chal'ky, a. Abounding in, white as, chalk ; fights, argues,&c, for another or for a cause-
like or containing chalk-stones. Hence (King's, Queen's, C, or C. of England, heredi-
chal'kiNESS n. [-Y 2] tary official at coronations); athlete &c,
cha'lleng-e 1 (tsh-), n. Calling to account animal, plant, &c, that has defeated all com-
(sentry's c, 'Who goes there? ); exception petitors (often as adj., c. boxer, c. turnip).
taken (e. g. to juryman) summons to trial or ; Hence cha'mpionLESs a., eha'mpionsHiF*
contest, esp. to duel, defiance, [f. OF chalenge n. (Vb) maintain the cause of. [OF, f. LL
f.L calumnia calumnyI campionem norn. -io fighter (Licampus camp 1
)]
challenge 2 v.t. Call , to account (of sentry, chance 1
(tsh-), n. & a. Way things faH out,
& fig.) take exception to (evidence, juryman),
; fortune ; undesigned occurrence opportunity ; ;
dispute, deny claim (attention, admiration, ; possibility ; probability (esp. in pi., as the cc.
&c.) : invite to contest, game, or duel, defy. are against it) absence of design or discover-
;

Hence eha'llengeABLE a., eha'llengER 1 n. able cause course of events regarded as a

;

[f. OF chalenger f. LL calumniare (calumny)] power, fate by c, as it falls or fell out, without
;
 ; ;; ;

CHANCE 136 CHAPE

design on the c, in view of the possibility (of, (often to, into, from), (moon) arrive at fresh
;

that); take one's c, let things go as they may, phase, esp. become new moon c. colour, turn ;

oonsent to take what comes the main c, that pale or blush c. front, take new position in
; ;

of getting rich stand a (good, fair) c, have a argument &c. c. one's condition, marry c. one's
; ; ;

prospect chance-, =by c, as c.-sown tree (adj.) mind, adopt new plan or opinion c. one's note
; ; ;

fortuitous (a c. companion, meeting), [f. OF or tune, become more humble, sad, &c. ; c. step,
cheance f. LL cadentia n. (L ca-dere tall, -ence)] foot, feet, time other foot to drum in marching,
chance 2, v.i. & t. Happen (archaic in abs. [f. OF changer f. LL cambiare (cambium f. L
use, getting rare in constrr. it chanced that, he cambire barter cf. Gk kamp- turn back)]
chanced to do) c. upon, happen to find, meet,
; changeable, a. Irregular, inconstant;
or come upon (colloq. risk (esp. c. it), [f. prec] alterable. Hence or cogn. eha'ngeaBiLiTY,
;
)

cha'neel (tsh-), n. Eastern part of church cha'ngeableNESS, nn. [F, see prec, -able]
reserved for clergy, choir, &c, usu. railed off. &
eha'n geling, n. Thing or child substituted
[OF, f. LL cancellus f. L cancelli lattice-bars] for another by stealth, esp. elf -child thus left
chancellery (tsh-), -ory, n. Position, by fairies, [change 2 + -ling j ]
staff, department, official residence, of a chan- cha'nnel 1 (tsh-), n., & v.t. (-11-). Natural or
cellor office attached to embassy or consulate. artificial bed of running water (Geog.) piece of
; ;

[•f. OF chancelerie (chancelier see foil., -rv)] water, wider than strait, joining two larger
chancellor (tsh-), n. State or law official pieces, usu. seas (ITie C, English C.) tubular ;

of various kinds Lord C. (also C. of England, passage for liquid course in which anything
; ;

Lord High C), highest judge, presiding in H. moves, direction, line medium, agency ;groove, ;

of Lords & in Chancery Div. of Supreme Court flute. (Vb) form cc. in, groove cut out (way ;

C. exchequer C. of Duchy of Lancaster, &c). [f. OF chanel var. of canal]

of ;

member of government (legally representative cha'nnel 2 (tsh-), n. Broad thick plank pro-
of King as Duke of Lancaster), often Cabinet jecting horizontally from ship's side abreast of
minister who does not desire departmental mast to broaden base for shrouds, [for chain-
work; of bishop or diocese, bishop's law
C. wale (wale) cf. gunnel for gunivale]
officer of Garter or other order, who seals
; C. chant (tsh-), n., & v.i. & t. Song; (Mus.)
commissions &c. titular head of university ; short melody with long reciting-note for psalms
( Vice-C. performing duties) (Germany, Austro- ;
& canticles (single, double, quadruple, as one,
Hungary) chief minister of State. Hence two, four, verses are sung to it) measured ;

cha'neelloPSHiP n. [ME c(h)anceler f. OF monotonous song singsong intonation in talk. ;

c(h)ancelier (-or 2 ) f. L cancellarius law-court (Vb) sing utter musically intone, sing to a c;
; ;

usher (cancelli grating)] c. the praises of, constantly praise c. horses, sell ;

chance-me'dley, n. (Law) action, esp. fraudulently, [f. Fchant(er) song, sing, f. Lcan-
homicide, mainly but not entirely uninten- tus -us, cantarc, (canere cant- sing)]
tional ; inadvertency. [AF chance medlee (see chantage (F) n. Blackmailing.
meddle) mixed chance] cha'ntep, n. In vbl senses also melody- ; :

cha'ncery (tsh-), n. Lord Chancellor's court, pipe, with finger-holes, of bagpipe (also horse- ;

a division of High Court of Justice (formerly a c.) swindling horse-dealer. [-ER 1

]
separate court of equity for cases with no re- chantere'lle (tsh-), n. Yellow edible fungus.
medy in common-law Courts, whence the mean- [F, dim.L f. Gkf. kantharos drinking-cup]
ing, still in U.S. & in literature, of court of chanticleer (tsh-), n. (Personal name for)
equity) ; office for public records (Boxing) in c,
; domestic cock. [f. OF chantecler (chant, clear),
with head held under opponent's arm being name in Reynard the Fox]
pommelled (from difficulty of getting clear of cha'ntress (tsh-), n. Female singer (archaic
old Court of C). [shortened f. chancellery] or poet.), [f. OF chanteresse, see chanter, -ess 1
]
chancre (sha'nker), n. Venereal ulcer. [F, eha'ntry (tsh-), n. Endowment forpriest(s)
= cancer] to sing masses for founder's soul priests, ;

eha'ncy, a. Uncertain, risky, [chance 1 ,

-y 2] chapel, altar, so endowed, [f. OF chanterie
chandelier* (sh-), n. Branched hanging sup- (chanter chant, -ery)]
port for several lights. [F, see foil.] cha'nty, n. Sailors' song while heaving. [-Y 3 ]
cha'ndler (tsh-), n. Dealer in candles, oil, cha'os (k-), n. Formless void or great deep
soap, paint, &
groceries (corn-c, in corn ship-c, ; of primordial matter (C, this personified as
in cordage, canvas, &c). Hence eha'ndlERY(l) eldest of the gods) utter confusion. Hence ;

n. [f. OF chandelier (L candela candle,. -arv 1 )] (irreg.) ehad'tic a., ehao'tiCALLY adv. [L,
change 1 (tshanj), n. Alteration; substitu- f. Gk khaos ; -otic on false anal, of erotic &c]
tion of one for another, variety (for a c); chap ]
(tsh-), v.t. & i., & n. Crack (t. & i.) in
whence eha'ngeFULd), eha'njgreLESS, aa. fissures (usu. of skin, by wind &c, also of dried-
Change (now usu. but wrongly 'Change), place up earth &c). (N., usu. pi.) crack(s), open
where merchants meet (oil C., engaged there) seam(s), esp. in skin hence eha*ppY 2 a. [ME ; ;

arrival of moon at fresh phase (prop, at new chappen, cappen, & chip, chop]
cf. MDu.
moon only) c. of clothes, second outfit in re-
; chap chop, n. (PI.) jaws, esp. of beasts
2,
serve ; lower coins given for higher one or for (lick one's cc, w. relish or anticipation), cheeks
foreign money ; money returned as balance of (fat-chops, fat-faced person) (sing.) lower jaw ;

that tendered for article (take one's, the, c. out or half of cheek, esp. of pig as food (Bath chap ;
of, avenge oneself on); (bell-ringing, usu. pi.) c.-falien, with jaw hanging down, dispirited,
-different orders in which peal can be rung (ring dejected) chops of the Channel, entrance from
;

the cc. fig., exhaust ways of putting or doing Atlantic to Channel, [f. prec]
•thing). [OF, f. LL cambium (cambire change 2 )] chap 3 (tsh-), n. (colloq.). Man, boy, fellow,
change 2, v.t. i. Take another instead of & [short for chapman cf. customer]
(c. one's coat) resign, get rid of, for; give or
; eha'p-book (tsh-), n. (bibliog.). Specimen
get smaller or foreign coin for (money) put on ; of popular literature (usu. small pamphlet of
different clothes go from one to another of ; tales, ballads, tracts) formerly hawked by chap-
(thing changes hands, passes to different owner men, [mod. wd, see chapman]
c. houses, carriages also abs. = c. trains, boats,; chape (tsh-), n. Metal cap of scabbard-point
&c.) give
; &
receive, exchange, (c. places xoith, back-piece of buckle attaching it to strap &c.
we changed places) ; make or become different sliding loop on belt or strap. [F, f . LL capa cap l
\
 ;;
;;; ;;;

CHAPEAU-BRAS 137 CHARITY

chapeau-bras (shapo-brah ), n. (hist.). -
archaic) inscribe ; describe, [f. F caractere f. L
Three-cornered flat silk hat of 18th c, carried f.Gk kharakter stamp (kharatto engrave)]
underarm. [F, =arm-hat] characteristic, a. & n. Typical, distinc-
eha/pel (tsh-), n. Place of Christian worship tive, (trait, mark, quality), whence charac-
other than parish church or cathedral, esp. one teristic ally adv. (Math.) index of loga- ;

attached to private house or institution (c. rithm, [f. Gk kharakteristikos (yrec, -ist, -ic)]
royal, of royal palace) oratory in larger build- ; characterize, v.t. Describe character of;
ing, with altar, esp. compartment of cathedral describe as be characteristic of, impart
;

&c. separately dedicated {Lady-c, dedicated character to. Hence cha'paetepizA'TioN n.

to Virgin, usu. E. of high altar) subordinate ; [f. med. Lf. Gk kharakterizo (character, -ize)]
Anglican church, esp. c. of ease, for convenience characterless, a. Ordinary, undistin-
of remote parishioners; R.-C. or dissenters' guished without testimonial, [-less]
;

place of worship in England c. service or ; charade (sharah'd), n. Game of guessing

attendance at c. (keep a c, be present, in col- word from written or acted clue given for each
leges) ; (Print.) printing-office, journeyman syllable & for the whole. [F, f. Pr. charrada
printers' association or meeting, [f chapele . OF (charrd chatter)]
f. LL cappella dim. of cappa cloak (cap ] ) char'coal (tsh-), n. Black porous residue
first c. was sanctuary in which St Martin's of partly burnt wood, bones, &c, form of car-
sacred cloak was kept by cappellani] bon ; c.-burner, maker of this. [perh. f. chare
eha'pelpy, n. District served by chapel, [-ry] + coal in sense (wood) Uimed coal]
eha'peron (sh-), n., & v.t. Married or elderly chape (tshar), chap, n., (usu. pi.), & v.i. (-r-,
woman in charge of girl on social occasions -rr-).(Do) ocfd job(s) work by the ; day at house-
hence eha'peponAGE n. (Vb) act as c. to. cleaning. [OE cerr, cerran, turn U.S. chore] ;

[F, =hood, chaperon, dim. of chape cope (cap l )] charge * load right
(tsh-), n. Material ;

cha*pitep (tsh-), n. (bibl.). Capital of column, quantity to put into thing, esp. of explosive for
[earlier chapter]
form of gun figurative load expense (at his own c.) ;
; ;

cha'plain (-in), n. Clergyman officiating in price demanded for service or goods task, ;

private chapel of great person or institution duty, commission care, custody (of; nurse in ;

nun reciting inferior services in nunnery. c. of child, child in c. of nurse curate in c, on ;

Hence eha'plaincY n. [f. OF chapelain f. LL duty give person in c, hand over to police)
;

cappellanus (chapel, -an)] thing or person entrusted, minister's flock ex- ;

eha'plet of flowers, leaves,

(tsh-), n. Wreath hortation, directions, (parting c, bishop's c,
gold, gems, &c, for head ; string of beads for judge's c. to jury) accusation (lay to one's c, ;

counting prayers (one-third of rosary number), accuse him of; c.-sheet, record of cases at police
or as necklace ; string of eggs in toad &c. ; bead- station); impetuous attack, rush, (return to the
moulding. Hence cha'pletED 2 a. [f. OF c, begin again, esp. in argument) (Mil.) signal ;

chapelet dim. of chape, see -let] sounded for attack. [F, f. Rom. carga f. LL
cha'pman (tsh-), n. Pedlar. [OE ce"apmann carrica (L carricare see foil.)]
(dap n. barter, mann man) cf. G kaufmann charge 2, v.t & i. Load, fill to the full or
merchant, Du. koopman, & see cheap] proper extent, (vessel, gun with explosive)
cha'ppie, -y, (tsh-), n. (colloq.). Exquisite, saturate (air with vapour, water with chemicals,
man about town, [chap 3 + -y 3 j accumulator with electricity, memory with
eha'ptep, n. Main division of a book (abbr. facts) entrust with (c. oneself with, undertake);
;

cap. ore), (fig.) limited subject, piece of narra- command to do, exhort (esp. of bishop, judge)
tive, &c. ; Act of Pari, numbered as part of accuse, impute, (person with action, fault upon
session's statutes for reference (5 6 Will. IV. & person) saddle with (liability), place (liability)
;

cap. = Statutory Declarations Act 1835)

62 on; demand (price)/or (alsoc. person price for);
general meeting, whole number, of canons of attack (t. & i.) impetuously, esp. on horseback;
collegiate or cathedral church or monastic or place (weapon) in position for use (c. bayonets,
knightly order (c.-house, used for such meet- bring down to receive cavalry c). [f. OF
ings) c. ; &
verse, exact reference to passage, charger, cf. prec, f. L carricare (carrus car 1 )]
exact authority for statement; to end of c, charge (d'affaires) (shar'rzha dafar"), n.
for ever c. of accidents, [for chapiter f. OF
; (pi. -is d'-). Deputy ambassador ambassador at ;

chapitre f. L capitulum dim. of caput -itis minor court. [F, = one charged with affairs]
head] ehap'greable, a. 1. Expensive (archaic). 2.
chap i (tsh-), n. Hill trout of Wales &c. [?] Liable to be charged tvith (accused of) ; subject
chap 2. See chare. to a money demand liable to be made an ex- ;

chap 3 (tsh-), v.t. & i. Burn (t. & i.) to char- pense (c. to the parish) imputable to (on) pro- ; ;

coal, scorch, blacken with fire. [prob. back- per to be added to an account. Hence ehap'ire-
formation charcoal] f. aBI'LITY n. [1 CHARGE 2 CHARGE + -ABLE] f. 1
, f. 2,
ehap-a-bane (sha'rabang, or as F), n. Long chap'grep^n. (archaic). Large flat dish. [ME
vehicle, with many seats looking forward, for chargeour perh. f. charge 2 + -or 2 (loader), or
holiday excursions. [F,= benched carriage] OF *chargeoir (charge 2 & as parlour)] f.

cha'Paetep Distinctive mark

(k-), n., & v.t. ehap'gfep 2, n. In vbl senses; esp., (Mil.
(pi.) inscribed letters or figures national writ- ; officer's horse, [-er 1 ]
ing-symbols (in the German c.) person's hand- ;
cha'piot (tsh-), n., & v.t. Stately vehicle,
writing characteristic (esp. of species &c. in
; triumphal car, (poet. & esp. fig. of sun's c. &c.)
Nat. Hist. collective peculiarities, sort, style
) ; ; 18th-c. four-wheeled carriage with back seats
person's or race's idiosyncrasy, mental or moral only; (Hist.) car used in ancient fighting, whence
nature moral strength, backbone reputation,
; ; chapiotEER* n. (vb) convey as or in c. [OF, ;

good reputation description of person's quali- ; augment, of char car]

ties testimonial status known person (usu.
; ; ; charitable (tsh-), a. Liberal in giving to
public c.) imaginary person created by novelist
; the poor connected with such giving wont to
; ;

or dramatist actor's or hypocrite's part (in, out

; judge favourably of persons, acts, & motives.
of, c, appropriate to' these or not, also more Hence eha'PitableNESS n., eha'ritabLY 2
widely of actions that are in accord or not with adv. [OF (charite = foil. -able)] ,

person's c.) eccentric person (c. actor, who de-

; cha'pity (tsh-), n. Christian love of fellow
votes himself to eccentricities). (Vb, poet. & men (in, out of, c. with) ; kindness, natural
5*
 ;;

CHARIVARI 138 CHATTEL

affection, (c. begins at home, is due first to kith adherent, of reform movement of 1837-48. [f. L
and kin) candour, freedom from censorious-
; charta + -ism(3), -ist(2), name taken from the
ness, imputing of good motives when possible, democratic manifesto People's Charter 'J '

leniency ; beneficence, liberality to the poor, ehapto'grpaphy (k-), &c. See cap-.
alms-giving (cc, acts of this), alms ; institution ehaptpeuse(shartrer z),n. A liqueur; pale ap -

for helping the helpless, help so given, {cold as pie-green colour, [made by Carthusian monks]
c, in allusion to mechanical administration ehap'tulapy (k-). See cap-.
c.-boy, -girl, brought up in such place) ; Brother, chap'woman (tsh-). n. Woman hired by the
Sister, of C, member of religious society de- day for house- work, [chare]
voted to relieving poor; G. Commissioners), ehap'y Cautious shy of, sparing in,
(tsh-), a. ;

boarc" created 18.53 to control charitable trusts, doing; stingy of(c. of praise). Hence ehap'iLY 2
[f. OF charite f. L caritatevi (cams dear, -ty)] adv. ehap'iNESS n. [OE cearig = OSax. karag
,

charivari (sh-), n. Medley of sounds, hub- f. OTeut. hard care]

bub. [F, etym. dub. ; prop, a serenade of pans, Chapy'bdis (k-), n. See scylla.
trays, &c, to unpopular person] chase 1 (tsh-), n. Pursuit (in c. of, pursuing;
&
ehap'latan (sh-), n. a. Impostor in medi- give c, go in pursuit), hunting (the c, hunting
cine, quack of, as of, empty pretender to know-
; as sport) (also chace) unenclosed park-land ;.
;

ledge or Hence ehap'lataniSHMl) a.,

skill. hunted animal or pursued ship (Hist.) c, ;

chap*lataniSM(2), char'latanRY, nn. [F, f. c.-port, c.-gun, chaser, bow-c. ,stern-c. bow, stem, ,

It. ciarlatano (ciarlare patter)] -chaser, gun, port, in bow or stern for use while
Charles's Wain, n. (Also PJough, Great chasing or being chased (Tennis) a certain ;

Bear) constellation Ursa Major or its seven stroke. [ME & OF chace (LL *captiare catch x )]
bright stars. [OE Carles waegn wain of ; chase 2 (tsh-), v.t. Pursue; drive from, out
Arcturus, neighbouring constellation, became of, to, &c. [see catch l
]
wain of Arthur, who was confused with the chase 3 (tsh-), v.t. Emboss, engrave, (metal),
other great hero Charlemagne] [for poet. & archaic enchase = set (jewels), inlay,
ehap'loek. (tsh-), n. Field mustard. [OE cerlic] engrave, enshrine, f. F enchdsser (en in, case 2 )]
C har'lotte (sh-), n. Pudding of cooked apple chase 4 , n. Part of gun enclosing bore groove ;

covered with bread-crumbs C. Russe, custard
enclosed in sponge cake. [F]
charm 1 (tsh-), n. Verse, sentence, word,
act, or object having occult power, spell thing
worn to avert evil &c, amulet; trinket on
; cut to receive pipe &c. [f. F chas f. LL capsum
hollow of the chest (L capere hold)]
chase 5, n. Iron frame holding composed type
; for page or sheet, [f. F chdsse case 2]
chasm Deep fissure break of
(ka'zm), n. ;

watch-chain &c. quality, feature, exciting

;
continuity, hiatus wide difference of feeling,
;

love or admiration {cc, beauty) attractiveness, ; interests, &c, between persons or parties void, ;

indefinable power of delighting (esp. as literary blank. Hence (poet.) Gkeha'smv 2 a. [f. Lf.
critics' word), [f. F charme f. L carmen song] khasma (khasko gape, -m)]
ehapm 2, v.t. Bewitch, influence (as) by chasse (shahs), n. Liqueur after coffee &c. [F]
magic, (abs. or with pred. as c. asleep, away) chasse (sha*sa), n., fc v.i. (Make) gliding
c. (secret, consent, &c.) out of; endow with step in dancing. [F]
magic power (bear a charmed life) captivate, ; chassepot (sha'spo), n. French army breech-
delight give pleasure to (/ shall be charmed
;
loading rifle, [inventor's name]
as polite formula); (part.) delightful, whence chassis the same). Base-frame
(sha'se), n. (pi.
ehap'mingxY^adv. [f. F charmer (charm )] 1
of gun-carriage, motor-car, &c. company's ;

ehap'mep, n. In vbl senses; esp., beautiful stock of motor-cars, motor-buses, &c [f. F chas-
woman (now joe. or archaic). f-ER 1 ] sis (LL capsus wagon-body f. L capere take)]
chap'nel-house (tsh-), n. House or vault chaste (tsha-), a. Abstaining from unlawful
in which dead bodies or bones are piled. [OF or immoral (also from all) sexual intercourse,
chaniel burying-place f. LL carnale (carnal)] pure, virgin decent (of speech) ; restrained,
;

Chap'on (k-), n. Ferryman conveying souls severe, pure in taste or style, unadorned, simple.
across Styx to Hades in Gk mythol. (C'.'s boat, Hence eha'steLY 2 adv. [OF, f. L castus]
ferry, 8cc, phrr.for hour of death), [f. GkKhardn] chasten (tsha 'sn), v.t. Discipline, correct by
chap'poy (tsh), n. (Anglo-Ind.). Light Indian suffering, (usu. of God, Providence, &c, or of
bedstead, [f. Hind, charpai] trouble &c.) make chaste in style &c, refine ;
;

chart (tsh-), n., & v.t. Navigator's sea map, temper, subdue, (esp. in p.p. Hence ). ehastcn-
with coast outlines, rocks, shoals, &c. outline ; er x (sener) n. [prec. + -en 6 ]
map with conspectus of special conditions, as chasti'se (tsh-,-z), v.t. Punish beat. Hence ;

magnetic c. record by curves &c. of fluctua-

; eha'stiseMENT, ehasti'SER 1 nn. [form un- ,

tions in temperature, prices, &c. sheet of tabu- ; explained ; ME has chastien, chasten, (later
lated information hence ehap'tLESS a. (Vb)
; chasty, chaste) f. OF chastier
castigare] f. L
make c. of, map. [OF, f. L carta card 2 ] eha'stity, n. Continence; virginity, celi-
ehap'teP 1 (tsh-), n. Written grant of rights bacy simplicity of style or taste, [f. OF chas-
;

by sovereign or legislature, esp. creation of tete f. L castitatem (castus chaste, -ty)]

borough, company, &c. (Great C, magna cha'suble (tshazu-), n. Short back and breast
charta) deed conveying land = charter-
; ; vestment of celebrant at Mass or Eucharist.
party privilege, admitted right, [f. OF chartre
; [F, f. med. L casubida dim. of casa cottage]
f. L cartuladim. of carta card 2 ] &
chat 1 (tsh-), v.i., n. (Indulge in) easy fami-
ehap'teP 2, v.t. Grant c, give privilege, to liar talk. Hence eha'ttv 2 a., eha'ttiNESS n.
(chartered accountant, member of Institute of [short for chatter]
Accountants with royal c. chartered libertine,
; chat 2 n. Kinds of bird, chiefly Warblers
,
one allowed to take liberties) hire (ship) by ; (usu in comb, as Stone, Whin, -c). [f. prec]
c. -party, (loosely) hire (vehicle &c). Hence chateau (shato), n. (pi. -x, pr. -z). Foreign
ehap'tePER l n. [f. prec] country-house. [F]
ehap'teP- party (tsh-), n. Deed between cha'telaine (sh-), n. Set of short chains
ship-owner & merchant for hire of ship & de- attached to woman's belt for carrying keys ;
livery of cargo, [f. F charte partie divided watch, pencil, &c. [F (chd-), = mistress of prec]
document, indenture] cha'ttel (tsh-), n. Movable possession (usu.
chap'tism, -ist, (tsh-), nn. (hist.). Principles, pi., esp. goods & cc). [f. OF chatel see cattle]
 ;; -

CHATTER 139 CHEMIST

eha'ttep (Of birds) utter
(tsh-), v.i., & n. chee'kY 2 a., chee'kiLY 2 adv., eheekixEss
quick series of short notes persons) talk ; (of n.; cool confidence, effrontery, (have the c. to) ;
quickly, incessantly, foolishly, or inopportunely; side post of door &c. ; (pi.) jaws of vice, aide-
(of teeth) rattle together (also of ill-adjusted nieces of various parts of machines arranged
parts of machine). (N.) any of these sounds : in lateral pairs. [OE cece cf. Du. kaak]
chatterbox, child &c. given to c. [imit., see -er 5 ] cheep (tsh-), v.i., n. (Utter) shrill feeble &
chau'ffep Metal basket holding
(tsh-), n. note as of young bird. Hence (of young par-
fire portable furnace with air-holes,
;
[f. F tridge or grouse) chee'pER 1 n. [imit.]
chauffoir f. L calefactorius calefactory] cheer 1 (tsh-), n. Frame of mind (what c. ?,
c/iau#Teur(sh6fer'), n. Motor-car driver. [F] how do you feel ? be of good c, stout-hearted, ;

chaumontel (sho-), n. Large kind of pear, hopeful) food, fare, (make good c, feast the
; ;

[name of French village] fewer the better c, more to eat); shout of en-
chaussure (F), n. Boots or shoes. couragement or applause (three cc, successive
ehau'vinism (sho-), n. Bellicose patriotism, united hurrahs, often for person or thing ho-
foreign jingoism. So ehau , viniST(2) n. & a., noured), [obs. sense/ace, & OF chere f. LL ME
chauvinistic a. [C'hauvin, Napoleonic veter- cara face perh. f. Gk kara head]
an, person in Cogniard's Cocarde Tricolore 1831] cheep 2
, v.t. & i. Comfort, gladden ; incite,
chaw (tsh-), v.t., & n. (now vulg.). Chew; urge o;i, esp. by shouts applaud (t. & ; i.), shout
(U.S.) up, utterly defeat c. -bacon,
c. ; bumpkin for joy c. -up, comfort, take comfort,
; ; ff. prec]
(n.) quid of tobacco, [var. of chew] cheep'ful, a. Contented, in good spirits,
cheap (tsh-), a. Inexpensive (of thing, price, hopeful ; animating, pleasant willing, not re- ;

shop, dealer) worth more than its cost easily

; ; luctant. Henee cheep'fulLY 2 adv., cheep*
got worthless, of little account, staled, (holdc,
; fulxESS n. [cheer 1 + -ful]
despise); (as pred.) = cheaply (got it c. &c); eheep'less, a. Dull, gloomy, dreary, miser-
dirt c, very c. on the c, in c. manner C. Jack,
; ; able. Hence eheep'lessLY 2 adv., eheer*-
travelling hawker c. trip(per), excursion (ist) by ; lessNESS n. [cheer + -less] 1

rail &c. at reduced fares. Hence chea'pLV 2 cheep'ly, adv. (naut.). Heartily, with a will,
adv., chea'piSH *(2) a., ehea'pxESS n. [f. phr. [formerly adj. &
adv. (see -ly 2 ) f. cheer 1 ]
good cheap f. obs. cheap n., OE c£ap barter, eheep'y, a. Lively, in spirits, genial. Hence
price, com.-Teut. cf. G kauf purchase] cheep'iLY 2 adv., eheep'ixEss n. [-y 2]
chea'pen, v.t & i. Haggle for (archaic) cheese 1
(tshezj, n. Food made of pressed
make or become cheap, depreciate, [-en 6] curds a c, complete cake or ball of this with
;

cheat (tsh-), n., & v.t. & Trick, fraud swin- i. ; in rind; green c, immature, not yet dried;
dler, deceiver ; card -game in which undetected bread c. &
chalk c. make cc. (of school-
; & ;

cheating is licensed. (Vb) deceive, trick deal ; spin roimd and sink suddenly, inflating
girls),
fraudulently ; wile away (time, fatigue). [ME petticoats fruit of mallow c. -cutter, with
: ;

chete short for escheat] broad curved blade c.-cake, tartlet filled with ;

check 1 (tsh-), int. & n. (Announcement of) sweetyellow compound of curds &c. c.-hopper, ;

exposure of chess king to attack sudden arrest ; maggot of c.-fly; cheesemonger, dealer in c,
given to motion, rebuff, repulse slight military ; butter, &c. c.-paring, stingy, stinginess, (pi.)
;

reverse; (Hunt.) loss of the scent; stoppage, worthless odds and ends c.-plate, 5 or 6 in. in ;

pause; restraint on action (keep in c, under diameter, also large coat-button ; c.-rennet,
control) person or thing that restrains con-
; ; name for Lady's bedstraw c.-scoop, -taster, ;

trol to secure accuracy token of identification
for left luggage, seat-holder, &c. (U.S.) counter
at cards (hence colloq., hand in one's cc, die)
c.-action in piano, restraining hammer from
striking string twice c.-nut, screwed on over
nut to prevent its working loose c.-rein, attach-
ing one horse's rein to other's bit, also rein pre-
; instimment for extracting small piece as sample.
; [OE cise, cf. G kdse f. L caseus]
cheese 2 , n. Thee, the correct thing, [prob.
Anglo-Ind. f. Pers. Hind, chiz thing] &
; cheese 3 (tshez), v.t. (slang). C. it, stop, cease,
; give over, (only as imperat.). [?]
cheesy, a. Like, tasting of, cheese (slang) ;

venting horse from lowering head; c.-string, stylish. Hence ehee'siNESsn. [cheese 1 2 -y 2 ' ,
]
in carriage for signalling to driver to stop c- ; ehee'tah (tsh-), n. Kind of leopard, tamed
taker, collector of pass tokens in theatre &c. in India &
trained to hunt deer. [f. Hind, chita
c.-till, in shop, recording receipts, [f. OF eschec f. Skr. chitraka speckled]
f. Arab. f. Pers. shah king] c/ief (sh-), n. Head cook (male). [F]
check , v.t. & i. Threaten opponent's king at
2 chef-d'oeuvre (sheder -
vr), n. (pi. chefs-, same
chess suddenly arrest motion of (of hounds)
; ; pronunc). A, one's, master-piece. [F]
stop on losing scent, or to make sure of it re- ; eheil(o)- (ki-). = chil(o)-.
strain, curb test (statement, account, figures,
; eheip(o)- (kn-). = chir(o)-.
employes) by comparison &c. examine accuracy , cheiro'pteran, n., cheiPO'ptePOUS, a.,
of. [f. OF eschequier play chess, check, as prec] (kir-). (Member) of mammal order with mem-
cheek 3 (tsh-), n. Cross-lined pattern fabric ; braned hands serving as wings, the Bats. [prec.
woven or printed with this. So checkED 2 a. + Gk pteron wing + -ax, -ous]
[perh. short for chequer] ehe'la (tsha-), n. Novice qualifying for initia-
cheek 4 n. = cheque. , tion in esoteric Buddhism. [Hind., = pupil]
checker. See chequer. ehe'mieal (ke-), a. & n. Of, made by, re-
checkmate, int. & n., & v.t. (also mate, now lating. to, chemistry; c. combixatiox ; (usu. pi.)
more usu. in chess but not in fig. sense). (An- substance obtained by or used in c. process.
nouncement to opponent of) inextricable check Hence or cogn. ehemiealLY 2 adv.. che*-
of king at chess, final defeat at chess or in any mieo- comb. form. [obs. chemic (F chimique
enterprise (vb) defeat, frustrate, [f. OF eschec
; L chymicus, assim. of alchimicxis al-
or mod.
mat (see check 1
) l. ATSib.shahinata king is dead] chemicto supposed Gk etym.) + -al]
Cheddar (tsh-), n. Kind of cheese, [place] chemise (shmie"z), n. Woman's body under-
cheek (tsh-), n., &
v.t. Side-wall of mouth, garment. [OF, f. LL camisia shirt]
side of face below eye, (c.-tooth, molar ; c.-bone, chemisette (she-), n. Bodice with upper
that below eye; c. by jowl, close together, in- part like chemise ; lace, muslin, &c, filling up
timate to one's oivn c, not shared with others)
; opening of dress below throat. [F. dim. of prec]
saucy speech (vb, address saucily), whence che'mist (ke-), n. Person skilled in chem-
 ; ;;;

CHEMISTRY 140 CHICKEN

istry ; dealer in medical drugs, apothecary. chesterfield (tsh-), n. Kind of overcoat,
F chimiste f. mod. L chymista see alchemist]
[f. also of couch. [19th-c. Earl of C]
chemistry, n. Science of the elements & chestnut (tsh-), n. & a. Tree (also c.-tree,
their laws of combination & behaviour under Spatiish c, or Sweet c.) or its edible fruit ; =c-
various conditions applied or practical c, art ; wood ;
= horse l
-c. ; = castor 3 ; stale anec-
of utilizing this knowledge (fig.) mysterious ;
dote ; (of) c.-colour, deep reddish-brown ; horse
change or process, [prec., -ry] of this colour, (f. OF chastaigne
[f. obs. chesten
ehemitype, n. (Process for getting) relief f. L f. Gk kastanea prob. f. place-name + nut]

cast of engraving, [chemical &c. + type] eheva'l-glass (she-), n. Tall mirror swung
chenille (shinel), n. Velvety cord used in on uprights, [f. F cheval horse, frame]
trimming dresses and furniture. [F, = cater-chevalier* (sh-), n. Member of certain
pillar L canicula small dog]
f. orders of knighthood, & of French Legion of
cheque (tshek), check, n. Written order Honour &c. (Hist.) The C. or C. de St George, ;

to banker to pay named sum on drawer's ac- Old Pretender, The Young C, Young Pre-
count to bearer or named person; blank c. tender soldier cadet of old French noblesse
1
; ;

CRC-ssed c. ; c.-book, number ofstamped & en- c. of industry (oftener in F form c. d'industrie),
graved forms for drawing cc. bound & issued to adventurer, swindler. [OF (L caballus horse,
customer, [var. of check 1 formerly used of -ary 1 , horseman), cf. cavalier]
orig. sense
counterfoils for checking forgery] chevaux de frise (shevo'defre^z), n. pi.
chequer 1 (tshe'ker), checker, n. (PI.) Iron spikes set in timber Sec. to repel cavalry
chess-board as inn-sign; (often pi.) pattern &c. in war, or to guard palings in peace
made of squares or with alternating colours, natural protective line of hair in plants, eye-
whence ehe'quer-wisE adv. [f. OF eschekier lashes, &c. [F, lit. horses of Friesland, invented
t. LL scaccarium chess-board, exchequer] by 17th-c. Frisians who had no cavalry]
chequer 2 , ehe'eker, v.t. Mark with chevelure' (F), n. (Arrangement of) the hair.
squares, esp. of alternate colours ; variegate, cheviot (tsh-), n. & a. (Wool, cloth) got,
break uniformity of, (often fig., esp. in p.p. as made, from sheep of Cheviot hills.
chequered lot, fortunes), [prob. f. prec] chevron (sh-), n. Bent bar of inverted V
cherish (tsh-), v.t. Foster, nurse, keep shape, in escutcheons, as archit. ornament (c-
warm value, hold in one's heart, cling to, (esp.2
; moulding, consisting of series of these), & on
hopes, feelings, &c). [f. F cherir (see -ish ) sleeve of army N.C.O. indicating rank (3 bars
f. cher f. L cams dear] for sergeant, 2 for corporal, &c. [F, = rafter, ).

cheroo*t (sh-), n. Cigar with both ends open, chevron, circumflex, f. L *eaprione?n nom. -io
[f. Tamil shuruttu roll] (L caper goat) L capreolus chamois was used
;

ehe'rry (tsh-), n. a. Small stone-fruit ; tree & in pi. as pair of rafters]

bearing this (also c.-tree), its (also c.-wood); wood chevrotain, -tin (sh-), n. Small Musk
make two bites at a c, boggle, be unenterprising Deer. [F, dim. of OF chevrot (chevre goat)]
or formal ; c.-bob, two cc. with joined stems chevy, ehrvy, (tsh- ; usu. spelt -e- & pron.
(bob ] c.-brandy, dark-red liqueur of brandy in
) ;
-1-), n., & v.t. & i. Chase (n. & v.), scamper (n.
which cc. have been steeped c.-pie, garden ; & game of prisoners' base. [prob. ballad
v.) ; f.

heliotrope; c.-ripe, fruit hawker's cry; (adj.) Chevy Chase (place-name)]

red (c. lips, ribbon; c.-breeches, 11th Hussars). chew (tshoo), v.t. & & n. Work about
1 i.,

IME chery f. OXF cherise (s lost as if pi. cf. pea) between teeth, grind to pulp or indent with
f. L f. Gk kerasos perh. f. town name OE ciris ; repeated biting; (abs.) c. tobacco, whence
(cf. G kirsche) was prob. not source of ME] ehew'ER 1 n. turn over in mind; meditate
;

chersonese (k>, -es), n. Peninsula, [f. L f. ttpon or over c. the cud, bring back half-
;

Gk khersonesos (khersos dry, nesos island)] digested food into mouth for further chewing,
chert (tsh-), n. flint-like quartz. [?] A (fig., usu. with of reflection, fancy, &c.) medi-
cherub (tsh-), 4m). Angelic being n. (pi. -s, tate. (N.) act of chewing; quid of tobacco.
one of the second degree of nine-fold celestial [OE ciowan cf. G kauen]
hierarchy, gifted with knowledge as the first Chia'nti (kiah-). n. Dry red Ital. wine. [It.]
(seraphim) with love; (Art) winged (head of) chiaroscuro (kyar'oskoor'6), n. & a. Treat-
child beautiful or innocent child.
; Hence ment of light & shade in painting light & ;

eheru'bic (-oo-) a. [earlier cherubin sing., -ins shade effects in nature variation, relief, hand- ;

pi., cherubim sing., 4ms pi. f. F cherubin ; ling of transitions, use of contrast, in literature
through L, Gk, f. Heb. k"rub pi. k'rubim] &c. (Adj.) of c. ; half -revealed. [It., = bright-
cher'vil (tsh-), n. Garden herb used in soup, dark (L claries, obseurus)]
salad, &c. [OE caerfille f. Lf. GkkhairephuUon chia'smus (k-), n. Inversion in second
perh. f. khairo rejoice + phullon leaf] phrase of order followed in first (T cannot dig,
Che'shire (tsh-), a. C. cat, person with fixed to beg lam ashamed). [mod.L, f. Gk khiasmos^
grin. [prov. grin like a C. cat unexpl.] cross arrangement f. khiazb make letter khi
chess Game for two players with
(tsh-), n. (shaped as Eng. X)]
thirty -two pieces or c.-men on c. -board chibouk, -que, (tshiboo'k), n. LongTurkish
chequered with sixty-four squares. [ME ches f. tobacco pipe. [f. Turk, chibuk tube]
OF esches pi. of eschec check 1 (lit. sense kings)] chic & a.
Skill, effectiveness, style,
(sh-), n.
ehessel (tsh-). n. Cheese-making mould, stamp of superiority; (adj.) stylish, in the fa-
[prob. f. cheese + well 1 1
] shion. |F, etym. dub. (adj. use Engl.)]
chest
(tsh-), n. Large strong box box for ; ehica'ne (sh-), v.t. & L, & n. Use chicanery
sailor'sbelongings ; carpenter's, medicine, &c, cheat (person) into, out of, &c. ; (n.) chicanery,
c, holding special requisites treasury, coffer, ; [f. F ch irane(r) perh. f. med. Gk tzoukanizo play
of institution (usu. fig. for the sums in it) case ; polo f. Pers. tchaugan polo-stick]
of some commodity, esp. tea (& so as variable chiea'nery, n. Legal trickery, pettifogging
measure) c. of drawers, frame with drawers
; sophistry, [f. F chicanerie (prec, -ery)]
for keeping clothes in bedroom part of human ; chick, n. Young bird before or after hatch-
or lower animal's body enclosed in ribs, whence ing the cc, children of a family (sochickabiddy,
;

-ehestED 2 a. ; c.-note, -voice, of lowest speak- I term of endearment of or to child) c.-weed, ;

ing or singing register c.-protector, flannel &c. ; !

small plant, [short for foll.l
worn on c. [OE cest f. L f. Gk kiste] I chi'eken (tsh-), n. (pi. -ens, -en). Young
 ; ;

CHICKLING 141 CHIN

bird, esp. cf domestic fowl, flesh of this ; youth- chi'liad (k-), n. A thousand ; a thousand
ful person (esp. in no c): Mother Cary's c, years, [f. L f. Gk khilias -ados f. khilioi adj. a
Stormy Petrel ; count one's cc. before they are thousand, -AD(2)]
hatched, be over-sanguine, precipitate ; c- chi'liasm, ehrliast, (k-), nn. Doctrine of
breast(ed), (having) malformed projection of or belief in, believer in, the millennium. Hence
breast -bone; c. -hazard, game at dice; c- chilia'Stic a. [f. Gk khiliasmos, -astes (prec.
heart(ed), (with) no courage c.-pox, children's ; + endings used w. vbs in -azo cf. -ism, -ist)]
mild eruptive disease. [OE cicen cf. Du. kieken chill 1 (tsh-), n. Cold sensation, lowered
prob. cogn. w. cock *] temperature of body, feverish shivering, (catch
ehrekling- (tsh-), n. Common cultivated a c; also of special part as liver-c.) unpleasant
Vetch, [earlier chicheling dim. of ME & OF coldness of air, water, &c. (take c. off water,
;

chiche ult. f. L cicer] warm slightly) depressing influence (cast a c. ;

chi*ck-pea, n. Dwarf pea. [earlier chick- over) coldness of manner. [OE cele cogn. w.
;

pease as prec. + pease] cold; but the noun, after giving chill 2 3 was '
,

ehl'eory (tsh-), n. Blue-flowered plant cul- dormant 1400-1600, & revived as deri v. of chill 3 ]
tivated for its root ; its root ground for use chill 2 , a. Unpleasantly cold to feel feeling ;

with or instead of coffee, [f. F cichoree (now cold unfeeling, unemotional, abstract. Hence
;

(chico-) f. L cichorium f. Gk kikhora succory] chi'llNESS n. [prob. f. prec. J

chide &
(tsh-), v.t. i. (chid, chidden or chid). chill 3 , v.t. & i. Make, become, cold deaden, ;
Make complaints, speak scoldingly, (esp. fig. of blast, with cold depress, dispirit harden ; ;

hounds, wind, &c.) ; scold, rebuke. [OE cidan] (molten iron) by contact of cold iron (colloq.) ;
chief 1 (tsh-), n. (Herald.) upper third of take the c. off (liquid), [prob. f. chill 1 ]
shield ; head man of tribe, clan,
leader, ruler ; chi'lli, -y, (tsh-), n. Dried pod of Capsicum
&c, whence ehie'fESS 1 n.; head of a depart- (as relish, or made into cayenne). [Mex.]
ment, highest official -in-c, supreme, as Com- ; chi'lly 1 , a. Rather cold to feel; feeling
mander, Colonel, -in-c. Hence ehie'fDOM, rather cold sensitive to cold not genial, cold-
; ;

ehie'fsHip, nn., ehie'f less a. [f. OF chef f. mannered. Hence chi'lliNESS n. [chill 1 -)- -y 2 ]
L caput head] chi'lly 2 (-Mi), adv. (rare). In cold manner (lit.
chief 2 a. & adv.
, now rare). First (-er, -est, &flg.). [chill 2 + -ly 2]
by title (C. Justice Sec); first in importance, chil(o)-, cheil(o)-, (k-), comb, form of Gk
influence, &c. ; prominent, leading (adv.) ; kheilos lip, in zool. terms as chilopod (having
chiefly, especially, (but c. or chiefest of all, for- feet serving as jaws).
get not), [orig. chief l used in apposition] Chi'ltern Hvrndreds (tsh), n. pi. Apply
ehie'fly^a. Proper for a chief, [chief 1 + -ly 1 ] for, accept, the C. H., resign seat in House of
ehie'fly 2, adv. Above all; mainly but not Commons, [a Crown manor, administration
exclusively, [chief 2 + -ly 2] of which, being titular office under Crown, re-
chie'ftain (tsh-, -tin), n. Military leader quires the otherwise illegal vacation of seat]
(poet. )captain of robbers chief of Highland
; ; chime l (tsh-), n. Set of attuned bells series ;

clan or uncivilized tribe. Hence ehie'ftainc y, of sounds given by this harmony, melody, ;

chie'ftainESs x chie'ftainRY, ehie'ftain-

, rhythm, sing-song agreement, correspondence. ;

SHIP, nn. [f. OF chevetaine captain] [ME chymbe L f. Gk kumbalon cymbal] t.

ehi'ff-ehaff (tsh-, -tsh-), n. Bird of Warbler chime 2 v.i. & t. Make (bell) sound ring cc.
, ;

family, [iniit.] (of person or bells) ring cc. on (bells) show ; ;

chiffon (F), n. (Usu. pi.) adornments of fe- (hour) by chiming (also of hour, = sound) sum- ;

male dress (sing.) thin gauze. [F, f. chiffe rag] mon by bells to repeat mechanically be in
; ; ;

chiffonier* (sh-), n. Movable low cupboard rhyme, make to rhyme be in agreement (to- ;

with sideboard [F (prec, -ier)]top. gether, with, or abs.); join in, express eager
chignon (F), n. Mass of hair on pad at back agreement, [as prec]
of head. [F, f. 13th-c. chaaignon nape of neck chime 3 chimb, , (tshim), n. Projecting rim
= chainon link (chaine chain)] at ends of cask. [ME chimbe cf. Du. kimedge]
ehi'g-oe (tsh-), n. W.-Ind. flea, burrowing ehimep'a, -aep*a, (k), n. Monster with
intoskin. [W.-Ind.] head, goajt's body, and serpent's tail.
lion's
chi'lblain, n. Itching sore on hand or foot Bogy thing of hybrid character fanciful con-
; ;

from exposure to cold. [Hence chi'lblainED 2 , ception whence ehime'ncAL a., ehime'ri-
;

chi'lblain y aa. [chill + blain]

2 ,
child (tsh-), n. (pi. children). Unborn or new-
born human being; boy or girl childish person
(slang) this c, I, me son or daughter (at any
age) of (or with my Sec), offspring descendant
lit.or fig. or follower or adherent of (c. of God,
of the devil cc. of Izaak Walton, anglers
;
fancy's c. c. of nature) result of; with c, preg-
; ;
calLY 2 adv. [f. F chimere f. L f. Gk khimaira
she-goat, chimera, (khimaros goat)]
; chimere* (tsh-), n. Bishop's robe. (=OF
; chamarre etym. dub.]
; chi'mney (tsh-), n. Flue carrying off smoke
or steam of fire, furnace, engine, &c. (also c- ;
; stalk, -top) part of flue rising above house-roof
glass tube protecting lamp flame natural vent, ;

nant c.'s-play, easy task burn£ c. dreads fire

; ;
; e.g. of volcano (Mountaineering) narrow cleft ;

childbed, -birth, parturition c.-xvife, very young ; by which cliff may be climbed c.-corner, warm ;

wife. Hence ehi'ldLESS a. chi'ldlessNESS n. , seat within old-fashioned large fire-place; c-

[OE did cf. Goth, kilthei womb] jack, rotating cowl; c.-piece = mantel c.-pot, ;
Chi'ldermas, n. Festival of Holy Inno- earthenware or metal pipe added to c.-top (c-
cents, 28th Dec. [OE cildra (prec.) of infants pot hat, tall silk hat) c.-stack, united group of ;

+ mxsse mass 1 ] c -stalks c.-stalk, see above, also = tall factory

;

chi'ldhood, n. Child's state time from ; c. ; c.-swallow, common swallow ; c.-sxveep, man
birth to puberty second c, dotage, [-hood]; who sweeps cc also = ; c.-sxeeeper, = c-sweep,
chi'ldish, a. Of, proper to, a child puerile, ; jointed c-cleaning brush, chemine'e f. [f. OF
improper for a grown person. Hence chi'ld- LL caminata (perh. camera) fireplaced (cham-
ishLY 2 adv., ehi'ldishNESS n. [-ish x
] ber) j L caminxis oven, -ate 2 ]
5
.

chi'ldlike, a. Having good qualities of chi'mpanzee* African ape re- (tsh-), n.

child, as innocence, frankness, &c. [-like] sembling man. in Angola] [native name
ehi'ldly, a. & adv. (poet.). Like a child, chin (tsh-), n. Front of lower jaw up to the ;

[mod. revival of obs. wd~; -ly 1 *

2 c, c.-deep, deeply immersed. Hence -chinn-
]
 ;; ;
,

CHINA 142 CHLOROSIS

ed 2 a. [OE tin cf. & Gk geneion chin, twittering (make) imitative chirping to baby
G. kinn, ;

genus cheek] &c; (slang) act as paid applauder at theatre

Chi'na, a., chi'na, n. & a., (tsh-). From &c, whence ehi'PPUpER n. [form of chirp] 1

China (C. crape, C. aster, &c. Chinaman, chisel (tshi'zl), n., & v.t. ;(Cut, shape, (-11-).
native of C. (Made of) a fine semi-transparent
). with) steel-edged tool with square bevelled end
earthenware, porcelain things made of this ; for shaping wood, stone, or metal (coldc, all of
whence ehi'naMA'Ni.MO nn. ; c.-closet, for steel or iron for trimming cold iron chiselled ;

keeping or displaying one's c. c.-clay, kaolin. features &c, clear-cut); the c, sculptor's c,
;

[not native name found in Skr. about 1st c] (art of) sculpture (slang) defraud, unfair treat-
;
;

chinchi'lla (tsh-, -tsh-), n. Small S.-Amer. ment. [ONF, dim. of L -cisum neut. p.p. of
rodent its soft grey fur. [Sp., dim. of chinche -cidere {caedere cut)]
;

bug f. L cimex -ids (from supposed smell)] chit 1 (tsh-), n. Young child young, small, or ;

chine (tsh-), n. Deep narrow ravine (now slender woman (depreciatingly, esp. c. of a girl).
1

only in Isle of Wight Sc Hampshire). [OE tinu [earlier = whelp; var. of kit, kitten]
cf. Du. keen chap in skin] chit 2 (tsh-), ehi'tty, n. Anglo-Ind. ). Note or (

chine 2 (tsh-), n. Backbone; animal's back- written paper, esp. character given to servant,
bone or part of it as joint ridge, arete, [f. OF [f. Hind, chittfii f. Skr. chitra mark]
;

eschine perh. f. OHG scina splinter] chit-chat (tsh-, -tsh-), n. Light conversation;
Chinee* (tsh-), n. (slang). Chinaman, Chinese, subjects of it, gossip, [redupl. of chat 1
]
[due to taking Chinese for pi.] chi'tin (k-), n. Substance forming horny
Chine'se*, a. & n. (pi. the same). (Native, cover of beetles & crustaceans. Hence ehi't-
language) of China ; C. lantern, collapsible of inous a. [should be chitonin f. F chitine f. ;

paper used esp. in illuminating C. white, a ; Gk khiton -onos tunic + -in]

white paint. [China + -ese] chittepling 1

(tsh-), n. (usu. pi.).Smaller in-

chink 1 (tsh-), n. Crevice long narrow open- ; testines of beasts, esp. as cooked for food,
ing, slit, peep-hole. [f. 16th c. excl. E etym. ; ; [etym. dub. cf. G kutteln]
;

dub., perh. f. chine 1 which it has replaced] , chi'tty. See chit 2 .

chink. 2 (tsh-), n., & v.i. & t. Sound as of ehi'valpous, (poet. &c.) -pic, (see foil.), a.
glasses or coins striking together ; (slang) Of, as of, the Age of Chivalry ; of, as of, the
ready money. (Vb) make this sound ; cause ideal knight, gallant, honourable, courteous,
(coin &c.) to make it. [imit.] disinterested ; quixotic. Hence chi'valpous-
Chi'no-, comb, form of China, [-o-] ly 2 adv. [f. OF chevalerous (chevalier, -ous)
chintz cotton cloth fast-
(tsh-), n. & a. (Of) chivalric f. foil. + -ic]
printed with particoloured pattern & usu. chi'valpy (formerly tsh- ; now usu. sh-, as
glazed, [earlier chints pi. f. Hind, chint f. Skr. though a recent F importation), n. Horsemen,
chitra for sing, use cf. baize]
; cavalry, (archaic) ; gallant gentlemen knightly ;

chip s n. Thin piece cut from wood or broken skill (archaic) ; medieval knightly system with
from stone &c. thin slice of potato, fruit, &c. ; its religious, moral, &
social code ; ideal knight's
wood split into strips for making hats (so c. characteristics ; devotion to service of women
bonnet &c. dry asac, flavourless, uninterest-
) ; inclination to defend weaker party flower ofc. ;

ing c. (scion) of, esp. c. of old block, son re-

; pattern knight, elite of nation's soldiers, [f. OF
sembling father place in china &c. from which ; chevalerie f. L caballarius cavalier, -ery]
a c. has oeen knocked off. [f. foil.] chive (tsh-), cive (s-), n. Small herb allied
chip 2 (tsh-), v.t. & i. Cut (wood), break to onion &leek. [F (cive) f. L cepa onion]
(stone, crockery), at surface or edge ; shape chi'vy. See chevy.
thus; cut or break (piece &c.) off, from; be ehlop- *» 2. =chloro- l
2 used before vowel. <
,

susceptible breakage at edge carve (in-

to ; chlop'al, hydrate or c, a hypnotic &
n. C.
scription) ;
; crack (egg-shell esp. of chickens) anaesthetic. Hence chlop'aliSM(o) n., chlo-
(slang) c. in, interrupt, [dim. of chop 1 , cf. p*aliZE(5) v.t. [pop. misuse of chloral, strictly
drip^ drop, tip top ; cf. also EFris. kippen cut] a chem. substance first got by action of chlorine
chip 3 (tsh-), n., v.t. Wrestling-trick ; (vb) & on al(cohol), whence the name]
trip up. [cf. Du. kippen ensnare] chlop'ide, n. (Chem.) compound of chlorine
ehrpmuek, -unk, (tsh-), n. North- Ameri- (-ide); (pop.) kinds of bleaching agent not true
can squirrel. [?] cc, as c. of lime, soda, potash, [chlor- 2 -ide] ,

ehi'ppy, Dry, uninteresting

a. (slang). enlop'ine, n. (chem.). Non-metallic element,
parched & queasy after drunkenness &c. ; a yellowish-green heavy ill-smelling gas. [f.
irritable. Hence ehi'ppiNESS n. [chip 1 +-Y 2 ] Gk khloros green + -ine 5 ]
ehir(o)-, eheir(o)-, (kir-), comb, form of ehlopo- *, chlop-, comb, form in hot. & min-
Gk kheir hand, as chiro "graphy handwriting, eral, terms of Gk khloros green.
chir'oMAKCY palmistry. ehlopo— 2 , ehlop-, comb, form in chem.
ehip'ogpaph, n. Document of various kinds terms of chlorine. Hence ehlo-PATE l (3) n.,
formally written or signed, [f. F chirographe chlop'ous (chem.), aa.
ehlop*ic(2),
f. L f. Gk kheirographon
(prec, -graph)] chlop'odyne, n. Patent medicine, narcotic
chipo'podist, ehipo'pody, nn. Treater, & anodyne, [foil. + Gk odune pain]
treatment, of hands, feet, nails, corns, bunions, ehlop'ofopm, &
Anaesthetic, thin
n., v.t.
&c. [prob. f. chiro-, Gk pous podos foot, colourless liquid whose inhaled vapour pro-
-ist(3); but there is Gk kheiropodes with duces insensibility. (Vb) treat (person) with,
chapped feet (kheir as chap f. kheir hand)] render insensible by, c, whence chlop'o-
ehipp & &
(tsh-), v.i. t, fopnuST(l) n. soak (thing) in c. [f. F chloro-
n. (Make) short sharp ;

note bird utter (song), express forme f. chloro- 2 + form(yl) see formic]
(as) of small ;

(^joy &c), thus; talk merrily; speak feebly, ehlop'ophyll, n. Colouring-matter of gTeen
[unit. from loth c, displacing earlier chark (OE parts of plants,
; [f. F chloro (phylle f. Gk 1

cearcian creak), chirk, chirt] phullon leaf)]

ehip'py, a. Lively, cheerful. Hence ehip*- chlopo'sis, n. Green sickness, anaemic
piNESS n. [prec, -y 2 ] disease of young women, with greenish com-
ehipp (tsh-), v.i., & n. (Make) prolonged trill- plexion (Bot.) blanching of green parts, or ;
ing sound (as) of grasshopper, [imit.] turning green of petals &c. Hence ehlopd'Tic
cni'ppup, v.i., & n. (Make) series of chirps, a. [chlor- l , -osis]
 ;; ;;

CHOCK 113 CHORE

chock Block of wood, esp. wedge
l
(tsh-), n. chicken c, infectious disease of fowls. Hence
for stopping motion of cask or wheel, also in eholepa'ic a. [L, in orig. Gk sense (prec.)]
various senses on ship esp. of wedges support- eho'lepie, a. Irascible angry, [f. F choli' ;

ing boat on deck (Turning earlier form of) ; ; rique f. L f. Gk kholerikos (choler, -ic)J
chuck 4 [perh. f. ONF choque logj
, cho'lepine (also -en), n. Summer cholera;
chock. 2 v.t., & adv. Make fast with cc.
, ;
diarrhoea often prevalent at same time as
place (boat) on cc. c. up, wedge in tightly, ; Asiatic cholera. [F (-e-), f. cholera cholera]
encumber (room &c.) with furniture &c. (adv.) cho'liamb (k-), n. =scazon. Hence cho- ;

closely, tightly, close up; c.-futl, stuffed, [f. lia'mbic a. [f. L f. Gk kholiambos (kholos
prec. the var. choke-full for c.-full is prob. an
; lame, iambos iambus)]
etym. guess, & misrepresents pronunc] ehondri-, -o-, (k-), comb, form of Gk khon-
cho'colate (tsh-), n. & a. (Cake) of cacao-seed dros, in Med. & Physiol. = cartilage-.
paste drink of this in hot milk or water dark
; choose (tshooz), v.t. & i. (chose, chosen). ;

brown (n. & a.) c.-cream, sweetmeat of c. en- Select out of greater number (Theol., esp. in
; ;

closing sweet paste, [f. F chocolat f. Mex. p.p.) destine to be saved decide (to do one ;

chocolatl etym. dub. (not cacao or cocoa)] f. thing rather than another) think fit, be ;

eho'etaw (tsh-), n. (skating). Step from determined, to do make choice between ;

;

either edge to other edge on other foot in oppo- cannot c. bid, must, have to, (archaic) pick*& ;

site direction, [fancy name, cf. mohawk] ft, select carefully, be fastidious; nothing &c.
choice (tsh-), n. Choosing, selection, {make
1 to c. between them, of things nearly equal.
c. of, select; take one's c, decide between Hence ehoo'SER 1 n. [OE ciosan cf. G kiesen]
possibilities ; for c, by preference, if one must chop 1 (tsh-), v.t. & i. Cut by a blow, usu.
select) ; power, right, faculty, of choosing (at with axe (c. up, c. into small pieces, mince ;

ft,at pleasure have one's c. have no ft, don't

; ; often c. off, away, down) deliver such blow ;

eare which; Hobsorts ft, to take or leave the at ; make one's way by such blows through ;

one offer) £lite, flower, of; variety to choose

; mince (esp. in p.p.) (fig.) cut (words &c.) short or
;

from thingor person chosen alternative (have

; ; into distinct parts c. in, intervene in talk c.
; ;

no c. but), [f. OF chois f. choisir choose f. Rom. back, reverse one's direction suddenly, double,
causire f. Teut. (Goth, kausjan test)] (chopping sea, with jerky motion) (of strata) ;

choice 2, a. Of picked quality, exquisite care- ; c. up, out, come to surface, [var. of chap 1 cf.
fully chosen, appropriate. Hence choi'ceLV 2 Du. & G kappen]
adv., choi'eeNESS n. [perh. mixture of prec. chop 2 n. Cutting
, stroke with axe &c. ;

w. obs. chis (OE cis etym. dub. fastidious] ) thick slice of mes.t, esp. mutton or pork, usu.
choir (kwu), quire, n., & v.t. & i. Band of including rib (c.-house, eheap restaurant)
singers performing or leading in musical parts broken motion of sea. [f. prec]
of church service ; chancel of cathedral, min- chop 3 . See chap 2 .

ster, or large church; choral society, company & &

chop , v.t. i., n. C. <£ change (emphatic
4
of singers (also of birds, angels, &c); band of for change, usu. intr.), vacillate, be inconstant,
dancers ; c.-organ (corruption of chair-), softest (n., cc. &
changes, variations) ; c. round, about,
of three parts (great, swell, ft, organ) making (esp. of wind) change direction suddenly; c.
up large compound organ, with lowest of three logic,bandy arguments. Hence eho'ppv' 2 a.
key-boards; (vb) sing in chorus (intr., or with [etym. dub., but cf. chop 1 in some senses]
strain, hymn, &c, as obj.). [ME quere f. OF chop 5 (India, China) seal, licence, pass-
, n.
cnerf. L f. Gk khoros song and dance] port, permit; (China) trade-mark, a brand' of
choke 1
(tsh-), v.t. & i., & n. Stop breath of, goods ; (Anglo-Ind. &
colloq.) first, second, -a,
suffocate, temporarily or finally, by squeezing first, second, -class, [f. Hind, chhap stamp]
throat from without, blocking it up within, or eho'ppep, n. One who chops ; large-bladed
(of water, smoke, &c.) being unbreathable short axe ; butcher's cleaver, + -er ] [chop 1 ]

(fig., of emotion) paralyse (c.-pcar, fact, reproof, eho'pstiek, n. Small slip of ivory &c. of
&c, hard to swallow) ; suffer temporary stop- which two held in one hand are used by
page of breath, become speechless from anger Chinese as fork, [transl. of Chin, k'wai-tsze
&c. (n., this condition); smother, stifle, kill, nimble ones f. Chin, chop quick + stick]
(plant, fire, &c, by deprivation of light, air, chop'al l (k-), a. Of, sung by, choir (c. service,
&c. ; suppress (feelings) ; block up wholly or with canticles, anthems, &c, so sung; full c.
partly (tube by narrowing part of it ; as n., the service, with versicles & responses also sung)
narrowed part, whence c.-bore, of gun with of, witb, chorus. Hence cho'palLY 2 adv. [f.
bore narrowing towards muzzle also of chan- med. L choralis (chorus, -al)] ;

nel with sand, stones, &c, stones c. or c. up chopal(e) 2 (koralrl), n. (Metrical hymn to)
channel, channel chokes), fill chock-full c. off, simple tune usu. sung in unison in German ;

make (person) relinquish an attempt c.-clamp, reformed church. [G (-1), e added merely to;

carbonic acid gas in mines, wells, &c. [OE suggest foreign accent as in morale, locale]
ac£ocian etym. dub.] chop'alist, n. Chorus singer, [choral 1 -ist] ,

choke 2 n. Centre part of artichoke, [prob. chopd (k-), n. String of harp &c (poet.
,
J

confusion of ending w. prec] also fig., as touch the right a, appeal skilfully
eho'kep, n. In vbl senses; esp., white ft, to emotion); (Physiol.) structure resembling
white tie (slang), [-er ] 1
string, as vocal ft, spinal ft, (also cord); (Math.)
ehol(e)- (k-), comb, form in med. & chem. straight line joining ends of arc. [16th-c correc
wds of Gk khole gall, bile. tion of cord 1 after L f. Gk khorde]
cho'lep (k-), n. (Hist.) one of the four hu- chord 2 (k-), n. (Mus.) combination of three
mours, bile (poet., archaic) anger, irascibility.
; or more (rarely two) simultaneous notes accord-
[ME & OF colre f. L f. Gk kholera cholera ing to rules of harmony (common ft, also ft, any
perh. f. khole bile] note with its major or minor third, perfect
cho'lera (k-), n. (Also English, bilious, fifth, &octave; break or spread c, play its
summer, ft, or in L c. nostras = of our country) notes successively) ; harmonious combination
bilioussummer & autumn disorder with diar- of colours, [earlier cord for accord 2 later
rhoea and vomiting; (also Asiatic, epidemic, confused w. prec]
malignant, c.) non-bilious often fatal disease chop'dal (k-), a. Of, like, &c chord h
,
a. [-al]
endemic in India & epidemic in Europe chore (tsh-), n., & v.i., (U.S.). = chare.
 ;. ;

CHOREA 144 CHROMATO-

chore'a (k-), n. St Vitus's dance. [L] ing, esp. in sacred rites. [OE crisma f. L f. Gk
choree* (k-), n. = trochee, [f. L f. Gk kho- khrisma (khrio anoint, -M) cf. cream] ;

reios of dance] chri'som, n. (hist.). Child's white robe at

, ehope'ic, a. Of, having, chorea ; of, marked baptism, used as shroud if it died within a
•by. chorees, [-ic] month; c. -child, in its first month, [var. of
cho'peogpaph (k-), n. Designer of ballet. prec., perh. orig. a head-cloth to keep chrism
So ehoreo'GRAPHER, ehopeo'GRAPHY, nn., from being rubbed off]
ehopeoGRA'PHic a. [f. Gk khoreia dancing Christ, n. Messiah or Lord's anointed of
(khoros dancing-company) + -graph] Jewish prophecy treated as name,
; (title, now
ehopi(s)- (k-), pref. f. Gk khori(s) apart, used given to) Jesus as fulfilling this divine ruler, ;

in bot. terms, as choripetalous with separate saviour, inspirer, (esp. the or a C). Hence
petals. Chpi'stHOOD n., Chpi'stLESs, Chpi'stLiKE,
ehd'Piamb,. choria'mbus, n. Metrical Chpi'stLY l aa., Chpi'stlessNESs, Chpi'st- ,

foot —«j~). Hence ehopia'mbic a. [f. L f

( likeNESS, nn., Chpi'stwARD(s) adv. [OE
Gk khoriambos (choree, iamb)] crist f. L f. Gk khristos anointed one (khrio
ehop'ie, a. Of, like, chorus in Greek play, anoint) transl. of Heb. see Messiah]
[f. Gk khorikos (chorus, -ic)] Chpist-cposs-pow, cpiss-, n. (archaic).
chop'ion (k), n. Outer membrane of foetus, The alphabet. [Ch7*ist's cross, a cross before
[f. Gk khorion] alphabet in horn-books, + row (of letters)]
cho'pistep (k-), n. Member of choir, esp. chpi'sten (-isn), v.t. & i. Admit as Christian
choir-boy (also fig. of angels, birds), [f. med. L by baptism administer baptism give name to
; ;

chorista (choir, -ist, & cf. barrister)] (person at baptism, or as nickname c. him, ;

ehopo'graphy (k-.), n. Describing, descrip- c. him John also ships, bells, &c, with analo-
;

tion, of districts (more limited than geography, gous ceremony). [OE cristnian make Christian
less than topography). Hence or cogn. ehopo*- (cristen f. WG cristin f. L christianws)]
grapher n.,ehoPOGRA'PHic(AL) aa., ehopo- Christendom (-Isn-), n. Christians ; Christ-
f'Pa'phiealLY 2 adv. [f. F chorographie f. Gk ian countries, cristen adj., see pr«c, + -dom]
[f.
horographxa (khora land, -graphv)] Christian (-istshn), a. n. (Person) be- &
ehop'oid, a. Like chorion in shape or vascu- lieving in, professing, or belonging to, the re-
larity, esp. c. coat (or c. as noun), membrane ligion of Christ (also as adj. of communities)
lining eye-ball. [f. Gk khoroeides wrong read- of Christ or his religion (person) showing ;

ing in Gk MSS for khorioeides (chorion, -oid)] character consistent with Christ's teaching, of
ehopo'logy (k-), n. Local distribution of genuine piety, Christ-like, (also as adj. of con-
species &c. Hence ehopolo'giCAL a. [f. Gk duct, feelings, communities, &c.) ; human (per-
khora land + -logy] son) as opposed to bride, brutal ; (slang) civi-
chop'tle (tsh-), v.i. Chuckle loudly, [in- lized, decent, (person) ; C. name, given at bap-
vented by Lewis Carroll, perh. f. chuckle, snoy't] tism C. era, reckoned from supposed birth of
;

chop'us (k-), n., & v.t. & L (Gk Ant.) band Christ ; C. science, scientist, (adherent of) a sys-
of dancers & singers in religious ceremonies & tem combating disease &c. without medical
of
dramatic performances (also representing in- treatment by mental effect of patient's C. faith.
terested spectators in play ; so in some Eng. Hence or cogn. chpi*stianiZE(2, 3) v.i. & t.,
plays); (one of) their utterances; personage chri'stianiZA'TioN n., ehpi'stianLiKE a.,
speaking prologue &
commenting on action in chpi'stianLY 2 a. & adv., ehpistia'no-1 '

Elizabethan plays band of singers, choir

; comb. form. [f. L Christianus (Christ, -i-, -an)]
thing sung by many at once ; any simultaneous Chpistia'nity (or -tshi-), n. The Christian
utterance of many (in c, all speaking &c. to- faith, doctrines of Christ & his apostles a ;

gether) (Mus.) composition in several (oftenest

; Christian religious system being a Christian, ;

four) parts each sung by several voices ; refrain Christian quality or character, [f. L ChiHsti-
of song in which audience j oins ( vb) sing, speak, ; anitas (as prec, -ty)]
say, in c. [L, f. Gk khoros] Christmas (-i'smas), n. (Also C.-day) festi-
chose jugee (F), n. Thing it is idle to dis- val of Christ's birth, 25th Dec. (also C.-tide) ;

cuss, as already settled. week or more beginning 24th Dec. (C. eve) ;

choseCnX See choose. (attrib.) appropriate to C, as Cf. book, card (of

chou Rosette or ornamental knot
(shoo), n. greeting by post), number (of magazine), pre-
of ribbon, chiffon, &c, on woman's hat or dress. sent, pudding; C.-box (cf. boxing-day), money
[F, f. L caulis cabbage] given at C. to postman &c. in general acknow-
chough (tshuf ), n. Red-legged crow. [cf. Du. ledgment of indefinite or continuous services ;

kauw, OF choue] C.-tree, small tree set up in room hung with &
chouse (tshows), v.t., & n. Swindle, trick, candles, presents, &c. G. rose, white-flowered ;

[f. 1610; f. Turk, chiaus official messenger, in hellebore blooming Dec. -Feb. Hence Chpi'st-
allusion to one of these who defrauded Turkish masY 2 a. [OE Cristes mxsse (mass 1 )]
merchants in England 1609] Chpi'sto-, comb, form of L Christus or Gk
Chow (tsh-), a. & n. (Slang, Austral.) Chinese Khristos Christ, as -phany, manifestation of
&
(a. n.) ; dog of a Chinese breed, Hence Chpisto'LATRY, Chpisto- Christ.
chow-chow (tsh-), n. Chinese preserve of Christo'LOGY, Chpisto'LO- ma'niao (-ma-),
orange-peel, ginger, &c. [Chin.] gist, nn., ChpistOLO'GiCAL a.
chowdep (tsh-), n. Newfoundland & New- Christy minstrels, n. pi. Negro-song
England dish, stew of fresh fish or clams with troupe with blacked faces, [inventor's name]
bacon, onions, biscuit, &c. [f. F chaudiere pot ehpoma'tie, a. Of, produced by, full of
f. L caldaria (calidus hot, -ary )] bright, colour (c. printing, from blocks inked
1

ehpemati'stie, a. Of money-making, econo- with various colours chromatics, science of ;

mic. Hence ehpemati'stics n. [f. Gk khre- colour). (Mus.) of, having, notes not included
matistikos (khrematizo traffic f. khremata pi. in diatonic scale, admitting notes marked with
money f. khraomai use), see -1ST. -ic] accidentals c. scale, proceeding by semitones ; ;

ehpesto'mathy, n. Collection of choice c. semitone, interval between note & its flat or
passages, [f. Gk khrestomatheia (khrestos good, sharp. Hence chpoma'tiCALLY adv. [f. Gk
math- st. of manthano learn)] khromatikos (chroma -atos colour, -ic)]
ehrism, n. Consecrated oil, unguent, anoint- chpo'mato-, chpo'mo-, comb, forms of Gk
 ;

CHROMATROPE 145 CHURCH

khroma -atos colour, as in chromatopsy abnor- ing Corn Marigold; (Gardening) cultivated
mally coloured vision, chromophotograph(y), varieties of this brought from Japan & bloom-
photograph(y) in the natural colours, chromo- ing in Nov. & Dec. [f. L f. Gk khrusanthemon
sphere, red gaseous envelope of sun. (chrys-, anthemon flower)]
ehpo'matpope, n. Lantern slide of two chpyselepha'ntine, a. Overlaid with gold
circular disks, one rotating in front of other, & ivory as by ancient Greek sculptors, [f. Gk
giving kaleidoscopic movement of colours, khruselephantinos (chrys-, elephant, -ine 2 ) 1
firreg. f. prec. + Gk -tropos -turning (trepo)] ehpyso-. = chrys-.
chrome, n. (Also c.-yellow) yellow pigment chpysobe'pyl, n. Yellowish-green gem.
& colour got from chromate of lead ; c. green, [f. L f. Gk khrusoberullos (chryso-, beryl)]
orange, red, pigments from other compounds chrysolite, n, (Formerly) green gem of
of chromium. [F, orig. name of chromium, f. various kinds (now) olivine, [f. OF crisolite
;

Gk khroma colour] f. L f. Gk khrusolithos (chryso-, lithos stone)]

ehpo'mie, a. Of chromium, [prec. + -ic] ch r y so prase (-az), n. (N. T. prob. a golden-
•
)

chro'mium, n. (chem,). Metallic element. green variety of beryl; (now) apple-green variety
Hence chPO'mATE H3) n. [chrome + -ium] of chalcedony, [f. OF crisopace f. L f. Gk khru-
chpomo- \ comb, form of prec. soprasos (chryso-, prason leek)]
ehpomo- 2 . Se<j chromato-. chub (tsh-), n. Thick coarse-fleshed river fish,
ehpoTnogrpaph, n., & v.t. (Reproduce with) dusky green above. [?]
gelatine copying-apparatus in which aniline chubb(tsh-), n. Kind of lock, [inventor]
dye is used for ink. [chromo- 2 -graph] , ehu'bby, a. Round-faced, plump. Hence
ehpomoli'thogpaph, chpo'mo (pi. -os), n. chu'bbiNESS n. [chub + -y 2]
Picture printed in colours from stone. So chuck 1
(tsh-), int., n., & v.i. (Make) call of
ehPomolitho'GRAPHER, ehpomolitho*- fowl or person calling fowls or urging horse,
graphy, nn., ehPO'molithoGRA'PHic a. [irnit.]
[CHROMO- + LITHOGRAPH]
2 chuck. 2 (tsh-), n. Term of endearment. Hence
chronic, a. Lingering, lasting, inveterate, chu'ekY 3 n. [prob. var. of chick]
(of disease, cf. acute c. invalid, with c. com-
; chuck 3 (tsh-), v.t,, & n. Jerk under the
plaint also of other states as c. doubt, rebel-
; chin (n. & v.) fling, throw, (n. & v.) with con-
;

lion); (vulg.)bad,intense,severe. Hence ehpo*- tempt, carelessness, ease c. away, waste, lose ;

niCALLY adv., ehPonreiTY n. [f. F chronique (chance &c) c. up the sponge, give up contest
;

f. L f. Gk khronikos (khronos time, -ic)] or attempt c. up, abandon in disgust c. out,

; ;

ehpo'niele, n., & v.t. (Enter, relate, in a) expel (troublesome person) from meeting, music-
continuous register of events in order of time ;
hall, «Scc, whence chucki;R -out
n. ; (slang) ]

Chronicles, two books of O.T. narrative, ac-

; c. it, cease c.-farthing, kind of quoit game
;

count; C, newspaper name. Hence ehpo'ni-
cIer l n. [f. OF cronique f. med. L cronica -ae
f. ~L f. Gk khronika neut. pi. see prec]
chronique scandateuse (F),
scandalous gossip current at any time & place.
chrd'nogpam, n. Phrase &c. of which the
Roman-numeral letters added give a date, as
LorD haVe MerCIe Vpon Vs= 50 +500 +5 +1000
with coins, also pitch and toss, [in 16th c chock,
perh. f. F choc, choquer]
chuck 4 (tsh-), n., v.t. Contrivance in lathe &
ri. Body of & the like for holding work to be operated on ;
(vb) fix (wood &c.) to this. [var. of chock *]
chu'ckle (tsh-), v.i., & n. (Indulge in) sup-
pressed laughter, laugh with closed mouth,
(show) signs of glee exult over (make) hen's ;
;

+100+1+5+5=1666. Hence chronogram- call. [imit. & cf. chuck 1

, -le(3)1
ma'tica. [f. Gk khronos time + -gram ',-matic chu*ckle-head, n., chu'ckle-headed,
after Gk grammatikos adj. f. gramma] a., Dolt(ish); stupid (fellow),
(tsh-). [f. obs.
chpo'nograph, n. Instrument recording chuckle adj. hulking cf. chuck 4 chock 1 ] ,

time with extreme accuracy stop-watch. ; chum (tsh-), v.i., & n. Occupy rooms to-
Hence ehponoGRA phic a. [as prec. + -graph]
#
gether, whence ehu*mmERY(3) n. be inti- ;

ehpono'logy, n. Science of computing mate. (N.) familiar friend (esp. now among -

dates arrangement of events with dates, table

; boys) (Australia) new c, recent immigrant,
;

or treatise displayingthis. Hence or cogn. greenhorn, [from 1684 etym. dub.] ;

chpono'LOGER, ehPono'LOGiST, nn., ehro- chump (tsh-), n. Short thick lump of wood
noLOGiCAL a., ehponolo'g'iealL y 2 adv., thick end, esp. of loin of mutton (so c. chop) ;
ehpono*log izE(3) v.t. [as prec. + -logy]
,
(colloq.) head, esp. ozone's c, mad with excite-
chrono'metep, n. Time-measuring instru- ment &c [mod. wd perh. on chop lump] &
ment, esp. one with complete provision against chunk (tsh-), n. Thick lump cut off (wood,
disturbance by temperature, used for fixing bread, cheese, &c). [prob. var. of chuck 4 ]
longitude at sea &c. [as prec. + -meter] church J Building for public Chris-
(tsh-), n.
chpono'metpy, n. Scientific time-measure- tian worship, esp. according to established re-
ment. So ehPonoME"TRic(AL) aa., ehpono- ligion of country all Christians (C. militant,
;

me'tpiealLY 2 adv. [as prec. + -metry] Christians on earth warring against evil) an ;

chpd'nophep, n. Apparatus for distribut- organized Christian society of any time (primi-
ing electric time-signals, [as prec, Gk -phoros tive C), place (C. of Scotland), or distinguishing
-bearing (phero bear)] principle (reformed C.) C. of England, English ;

chpo'noscope, n. Apparatus measuring or Anglican C, English branch of Western

velocity of projectiles, [as prec + -scope] or Latin Church rejecting Pope's supremacy
ehpys-, comb, form of Gk A;/*rM.so.s,,gold, = since reformation ; Established C, recognized
yellow in chem. & mineral, wds, of gold, golden, by State, as E.C. of England, Scotland organi- ;

yellow, &c, in general wds. zation, clergy &

other officers, of a religious
chrysalis, -id, n. (pi. -ises, -ids, chi'ysa'- society or corporation ; clerical profession (go
lides). Form taken by insect in the torpid into the C, take holy orders); high, low 1 ,

stage of passive development between larva broad, c, parties with different views of doc-
(caterpillar &c) & imago (butterfly &c.) case ; trine &
discipline, whence -chup'chman,
then enclosing it; (fig.) preparatory or tran- -ehup*ehiSM(3), nn. public worship (go to, ;

sition state. [f. L f. Gk khrusallis -idos lit. after, c. ; c.-time c.-goer, -going) ; churchman,
;

golden thing, see prec] chxirchwoman, churchmanship, member, mem-

ehpysa'nthemum, n. (Bot.) genus includ- bership, of c. poor as a c. mouse, of poor per-
;
 ; ;

CHURCH 146 CINGULUM

son e.-rate, levied by vestry for maintenance
;
understands & explains antiquities &c. [It.,
of parish c. & its services; c.-service, public f. L Ciceronem nom. -o the Roman orator]

worship, book with Common Prayer, proper Cicero'nian, a. & n. Eloquent, classical, or
lessons, &c. c.-text, black letter in monumen-
; rhythmical, as Cicero's style person learned in ;

tal inscriptions churchwarden, elected lay ; or admiring Cicero. Hence Cicepd'nian-

representative of parish (usu. one of two, elected ism(3, 4) n. [f. L Ciceronianus (prec, -ian)]
one by incumbent, one by parishioners), also cicisbeo (tshltshlzba/o), n. (pi. -bci pr. -bae).
long clay pipe churchyard, enclosed ground ; Recognized gallant of married woman. So
in which c. stands, sometimes used for burial cicisbe*iSM(3) n. [It.]
{churchyard cough, heralding death; fat Cid, n. The Ruy Diaz, 11th -c
G. , title (lord) of
churchyard, many deaths). Hence chur'ch- Christian champion against Moors, of epic &
less a., chur'chwARD(s) adv. [OE circe f. relating his deeds. [Sp., f. Arab, sayyid]
WG kirika f. Gk kuriakon (perh. ddma) Lord's -cide, suf. forming nouns meaning (1) slayer
of (F, f. L -cida) or (2) slaughter of (F, f. L
(house) f. kurios lord, -ac]
church'2 , v.t. Bring (woman) to c. to have -cidium) both f. L caedere kill taken f. L as ;

thanks offered for delivery of child,
chup'chy,
devoted to church or opposed to dissent. Hence
chup'ehipv v.t., ehup'chiNESS n. [-V2 ]
[f. prec] parricide, or formed on L nn. as regicide or
a. Obtrusively or intolerantly facetiously on E nn. as birdicide.
ci'dep, n. Fermented drink from apple-juice;
c.-cup c.-p?*ess,for squeezing juice from apples,
;

ehurl (tsh-), n. Person of low birth (gentle- [f. OF sidre f. LL f. Gk sikera f. Heb. shekar

man or c.) peasant, boor ill-bred fellow cross-

; ; ; strong drink (shakar drink deeply)]
grained or niggardly person, whence chur'l- ci-devant (F), a. or adv. Former(ly), that
ish 1 a., chup'lishLY 2 adv., ehup'lishNESS has been (with the earlier name or state).
n. [OE ceorl f. WG kerl man] eififap*, n. Roll of tobacco-leaf for smoking ;
churn (tsh-), n., & v.t. & i. (Agitate milk or c. -shaped, cylindrical with pointed end(s) c- ;

cream, produce butter, in). butter-making ma- holder, mouthpiece holding c. [f. Sp. cigarro
chine work this machine stir (liquid) about,
; ; perh. f. cigarra cicada (of similar shape)]
make froth; (of sea &c.) wash to and fro,
it eigfape'tte, n. Small cylinder of cut tobacco
foam, seethe large milk-can of c. shape c-
; ; or of narcotic or medicated substance rolled in
dash(er), -staff, appliance for agitating milk in paper for smoking, [dim. of prec]
c. a churning, amount of butter made at once.
; ci'lia, n. pi. Eyelashes similar fringe on leaf, ;

[OE cyrin com.-Teut. Du. karn] cf. insect's wing, &c (Physiol.) hair-like vibrat-
;

chupp (tsh-), v.i., & n. (Make) deep trill as of ing organs on animal &
vegetable tissue, serv-
night-jar. [imit., cf. chirr] ing many lower water animals for locomotion.
chut (tsh-),_int. of impatience. Hence ci'liARY ei'liATE 2 ci'liated, aa.,ci-
1
, ,

chute (shoot), n. Smooth rapid descent of Hation n. [pi. of L cilhim eyelash]

water over slope sloping channel, slide, with ; ci'lice, n. (Garment of) hair-cloth. [F, also
or without water, for conveying things to lower OE c*7£c, f. Gk kilikion (Kilikia Cilicia)]
level (also shoot) ; slope for shooting rubbish Cimme *pian, a. Thick, gloomy, (of dark-
down; toboggan-slide, [mixture of F chute = ness, night, &c). [f. L Gk kimmerios
f. (of
It. caduta (L cadere fall) shoot] & Cimmerii, people in perpetual night) + -an]
ehu'tney, -nee, (tsh), n. Hot Indian con- cineho'na (-ko-), n. Kinds of evergreen tree
diment of fruits, chillies, &c. [f. Hind, chatni] yielding c bark or Peruvian bark quinine &
chyle (k-), n. White milky fluid formed by the bark, drug made from it, tonic & febrifuge
action of pancreatic juice & bile on chyme. (also loosely for c quinine). Hence cin- &
[F, f. L f. Gk khulos juice (khu- pour)] ehonACEOus a., ei'nehoniNE 5 ci'nehon- ,

chylo- (k-), comb, form of Gk khulos chyle. ism(5), nn., ei*nehoniZE(5) [Countess of v.t.
chyme (k-), n. Food converted by gastric Chinchon, introducer of drug in Spain 1640]
secretion into acid pulp. [f. L f. Gk khumos Cincinna'tus, n. Great man in retirement
juice (khu- pour) khumos khulos, synonyms, ; & who can be called upon in a crisis. [Roman
were differentiated by Galen] hero called from plough to dictatorship]
ehy'mist. See chemist. ei'netupe, n., & v.t. (Surround with or as
ehymo-(k-),comb.formof Gkfc/imrao.sCHYME. with a) girdle, belt, fillet, border, [f. L cinctura
eibop'ium, n. (Arch.) canopy, canopied (cingere cinct- gird, -ure)]
shrine receptacle for reservation of Eucharist,
; ei'ndep, n. Slag residue of coal, wood, &c,
;

shaped like shrine, or cup with arched cover, that has ceased to flame (whether cold or not)
[f. med. L f. Gk kiborion, seed-vessel of water- but has still combustible matter in it ; (loosely
cup so shaped]
lily, in pi.) ashes; c.-path, running-track laid with
cica'da, cica'la (kah), cigra'la (gah), n. fine cc c.-sifter, for separating cc from ashes.
;

Transparent winged shrill chirping insect. - - Hence ei'ndepv 2 a. [OE s inder cf. sinter, G
l(-ca/a It. ; -gala f. F -gale) f. L (-da)] Sw. sinder, w. assim. to the unconnected F
ci'eatpice, eiea'tpix, n. (-ix, pi. -Ices, L form cendre &
L cinis -eris]
in scientific use). Scar of healed wound scar ; Cinderella, n. Person of unrecognized
on tree bark; (Bot.) mark left by fall of leaf &c, merit or beauty; C. dance or C, dance closing
hilum of seed. Hence eicatpi'ciAL, eica*- at twelve o'clock, [allusions to fairy-tale]
tPieosE aa. [F (-ice), f. L cicatricem nom. -ix]
J
, cinematograph. See kinematograph.
cica*tpic(u)le, n. (Biol. germ of chick, round ) einerap'ia, Bright-flowered composite
n.
white spot on yolk, tread (Bot.) - prec. [f. L ; plant, grown chiefly under glass, [f. L cinera-
cicatricula (prec, -ule)] rius of ashes f. cinis -eris ashes (ash-coloured
ci'catpize, v.t. & i. Heal, skin over, (t. & i.) down on leaves)]
mark with scars. Hence eicatPiZA'TioN n. ei'nepapy, a. Of ashes (esp. c. urn, holding
[f. F cicatriser f. L cicatricare (cicatrice) w. ashesjpf dead after cremation), [as prec. ]
assim. to -ize (prop, cicatricize)] einep'eous, a. Ashen-grey (esp. of birds or
ci'cely, n. Kinds of umbelliferous plant plumage), [f. L cinereus (cinis -eris ashes) + -ous]
(Sweet, Wild, Rough, C). [f. L f. Gk seselis se- Ci'ngale'se, a. n. &
(Native, language) of
seli w. assim. to the woman's name = Cecilia)] ( Ceylon._ [f. Skr. sihhalas]
cicepone (tshitshero'ni), n. (pi. -oni pr. -one), ci'ngulum,\\. Belt (used technically in Surg.,
& v.t. (Conduct traveller Sec. as) guide who Anat., Zool., &c). [L]
 ;;
;

CINNABAR 147 CIRCUMFLEX

ci'nnabar, n. & a. Red mercuric sulphide ; ters (member of a c.) making the a; Methodist-
vermilion (n. & a.), [f. L cinnabaris f. Gk kin- Church district with series of itinerant preach-
nabari f. Oriental source] ers (Electr.) path of current (short c, faulty
;

ci'nnamon, n. & a. (E.-Ind. tree yielding) shortening of a c. by defective insulation). [F

aromatic inner bark used as spice c-colour(ed), ; f. L circuitus f. CIRC uu(ire it- go)]

(of) yellowish-brown c. -stone, brown or yellow ; cipcu'itous, a. Roundabout, indirect. Hence

garnet.Hence or cogn. ci'nnamATE H'S) n., eipcu'itousLv 2 adv., ciPcu'itousNEss n. [f.
cinnamo'mic, einnamo'nic, aa. If. F cin- LL ci7'cuitosus (circuit, -ose 1 )]
namome f. L f. Gk kinnamomon f. Semit. (Heb. &
eip*culap, a. n. Round in superficies mov- ;

qinnamon)] ing in a circle (c. tour, ending where it began by

cinque, cinq, (sink), n. The five at dice & different route, c. ticket, for this); (Logic) of,
cards, [f. OF cink f. L quinque five] using, the vicious circle l addressed to a circle ;

cinquece'nto, cinquece'ntist, (tshink- of persons, customers, &c. (c. note, banker's let-
witshe-), mi. Italian style of art, artist, of the ter of credit in traveller's favour to several
16th c. (15-) with reversion to classieal forms. foreign bankers ; c. letter ore, notice, advertise-
[It. (-o, -ista) with omission (in It.) of mil] ment, &c, reproduced for sending round) ; of,
ci'nq(ue)foil (sinkf-), n. Kinds of plant with like, the geometrical circle ; c. saw, toothed disk
compound leaf of five leaflets; (Arch.) five- revolving by machinery for sawing. Hence
cusped ornament in circle or arch. [thr. OF f. eiPCula'piTY n., eip-eulaPLv 2 adv. [f. OF
L quinquefolium five-leaf] circidier L
circidaris (circle, -ar )]
f. 1

Cinque Ports (sink), n. pi. Certain ports circularize, v.t. Send circulars to. [-ize(I)]
(orig. five only) on SE coast with ancient privi- eiP'eulate, v.i. & t. Go round (blood circu-
leges. OF cink porz five ports]
| f. lates through veins, water in pipes, wine on
erphep *, cy-, n. Arithmetical symbol (O) of table, newspaper to circle of readers) (of deci- ;

no value in itself but multiplying number it is mals) = recur; send round, give currency to,
placed after, and dividing decimal number it is (book, report, scandal, &c.) circulating library, ;

placed before, by ten person or thing of no im-
portance any Arabic figure secret writing,
; ;
thing so written, key to it; interlaced initials
of person, company, &c, monogram continued
soundingof organ-note owing todefective valve,
[f. OF cyfre f. Arab, cifr zero (orig. adj. — empty)]
ei'pheP 2, cy-, v.i. & t. Do arithmetic work
(usu. out) by arithmetic, calculate put into
secret writing (cf. decipher) (of organ-note) go
on sounding when not pressed, [f. prec]
ci'polin, n. Italian white-&-green marble.
[F, f. It. cipollino (cipolla onion) from resem-
blance of structure to coats of onion]
c##-ca, c/r*c/ter, prepp. (abbr. c. or circ).
About [with dates). [L]
Cir'ce, n. Enchantress, temptress. Hence
Circe'AN a, [proper name in Gk mythol.J
cir'cinate, a. (bot.). (With leaves) rolled up
from apex to base, as in most ferns, [f. L circx-
; with books taken by subscribers in succession ;
circulating medium, notes, gold, &c, used in
exchange, [f. L circulare (circle j ), -ate 3 ]
; circulation, n. Movement of blood from
and to heart, similar movement of sap &c.
movement to and fro (c. of water, atmosphere,
; &c); transmission, distribution, (of news, books,
; &c.) ; number of copies sold, esp. of newspapers
; currency, coin, &c. [F, f. L circulationem (cir-
culare see prec, -ation)]
cip'eulative, a. Inclined to, promoting, cir-
cujation. [as prec, -ive]
cip'culatop, n. One who circulates news,
coin, &c [as prec, -or 2 ]
cip'culatopy, a. Of circulation of blood or
sap. L
circulatorius (as prec, -orv)]
[f.
eipcum-, pref. = L adv. & prep, circum
round, about, used (1) adverbially, as circumva-
gant wandering round or about (2) preposition- ;

nare make round (circinus compasses, -ate 2 )] ally, as circumocular surrounding the eye. E
cip'cle , n. (Line enclosing) perfectly round
]
wds are some f. L (direct, as circumscribe, or
plane figure (square the c, find square of same thr. F as circumcise), some formed in E on L
area as given c, attempt impossibilities great, ; elements as circumambient, & some facetious
small, c., c. on surface of sphere whose plane hybrids as circumbendibus.
passes, does not pass, through sphere's centre ; cipcuma'mbient, a. Surrounding (esp. of
'

polar, arctic, antarctic, c); (loosely) roundish air or other fluid). Hence cipeuma'mbiENC y
enclosure orbit of planet ring curved tier of
; ; ; n. [circum-(I) + ambient]
seats at theatre &c. (dress c, tipper c, more & cipcuma'mbulate, v.t. & i. Walk round
less expensive) (Archaeol.) ring of stones as at
; (place &c) ; walk about ; beat about the bush.
Stonehenge; period, cycle, round, (come full c, Hence eipeumambuLvTioN n., eipeum-
end at starting-point) complete series (Logic, ; ; a'mbulatoRY a. [f. L circum (ambulare
often vicious c.) fallacy of proving proposition walk), -ate 3
]
from another that rests on it for proof action ; eipeumbe'ndibus, n. (facet.). Roundabout
& reaction that intensify each other (often vi- method ; circumlocution. Icircum-(I), bend,
cious c.) persons grouped round centre of inter-
; ending of L abl. case]
est set, coterie, class, (first, upper, cc.
; cc. in ; ciP'cumcise (-z), v.t. Cut off foreskin of (as
which one moves) area of influence, action, &c,
; Jewish or Mohammedan rite, or surgically)
sphere. Hence cip'clewiSE adv. [OE circul purify (c. the heart, passions, &c). [f. OF cir-
(ME cercle f. F) f. hcirculus dim. of circus ring] conciser f. L circum (cidere -cis- ~ caedere cut)]
cip'cle 2, v.t. & i. Encompass (poet.) encom- ; eipeumei'sion (-izhn), n. Act or rite of,
pass round, about move in a c. round, about ;
; spiritual purification by, circumcising; (Bibl.)
be passed round (of wine &c.) (Mil.) sweep ; the c, the Jews (Eccl.) festival of C. of Christ,
;

round on moving flank (of cavalry, cf. wheel 2 ); 1st Jan. [f. OF circumcisiun f. L circumcisio-
(p.p.) rounded, marked with cc. ff. prec] nem (as prec, -ion)]
eip'elet, n. Small circle circular band, esp. ; eipcu'mfepenee, n. Encompassing bound-
of gold, jewelled, &c.,worn on head or elsewhere, ary, esp. of figure enclosed by curve, as circle
[f. F cerclet (circle l -et)] , distance round. So cipeumfepe'ntiAL a. [f.
cip'euit (-kit), n. Line enclosing an area, dis- L circum (ferentia f. ferent- part. st. of ferre
tance round area enclosed roundabout jour-
; ; bear, & see -ence)]
ney sequence of changes, acts, &c. journey
; ; eip'eumflex, a. & n., & v.t. C. accent or c,
of judge in particular district to hold courts, mark C in Gk, a elsewhere) placed over vowel
this district (eight in Eng. & Wales), the barris- to indicate contraction, length, or special
 ; ;

CIRCUMFLUENT 148 CITR-

quality (vb, mark thus) (Anat.) curved, bend-
;
ventitious, incidental ; with many details (c.
ing round something else, (c. artery, muscle, Hence eipeumstantia'liTY (-shl-) n.,
story).
&c). [f. L circu M(jtexus p.p. of Hectere bend) eiPCumsta'ntialLY 2 adv. [as prec + -al]
transl. of Gk peri spoinenos] cir'cum vallate, v.t., cipcumvalla'tion,
eipcirmfluent, a. Flowing round, ambient. n. (Surround with) rampart or entrenchment
Hence eireirmfluENCEn. [f. LciRCU>i(.#uens process of doing this. [f. L circu M(vallare f.
f.fluere flow, -ent)] vallum rampart), see -ate 3 -ation] ,

eipcu'mfluous, = prec. surrounded by

a. ; circumvent, v.t. Entrap overreach, out- ;

water, [f. L circumJIuus flowing or flowed wit. So eiPcumve'ntioN n. [f. L circum-

round (Jluere flow) + -ous] (venire vent- come)]
cipcumfirse (-z), v.t. Pour (fluid) about or eipeumvolu'tion, n. Rolling round coil ;

round (object) surround, bathe, (object with,

; period ; sinuous movement, [f. L circum-
or of fluid as subj. ). So eipeumfu'siON
f (-zhn) (volvere volut- roll), -ion]
n. [f. L circum( fundere 'us- pour)] cip'eus, n. Rounded or oval arena lined
eip'eumgyra'te, v.i. Turn, wheel, travel, with tiers of seats for equestrian & other
round. Hence eipeumg-yPATiON n., eip- exhibitions amphitheatre of hills open circle
; ;

cumgypa'tORY a. [circum-(I) + gyrate] with streets converging on it travelling show ;

eipeumja'cent, a. Situated around, [f. L of horses, riders, &c [L, = ring]

circu m(j ace nt- part. st. otjacera lie)] cipque (-k), n. Arena, natural amphitheatre,
eipeumli'ttopal, a. Bordering the shore. (chiefly poet. & rhet.). [F, f. L as prec]
[circum-(2) + L littus -oris shore + -al] eippho'sis, n. Disease of liver, chiefly alco-
eipeumloeu'tion, n. Use of many words holic. [Gk kin^hos tawny, -osis]
where few would do; evasive talk; a round- cippi-, cippo-, comb, form of cirrus. Hence
about expression; C. Office, dilatory Govern- cippi'FEROUS, ci'ppiFORM, aa., & names of
ment office. Hence eipeumloeu'tionAL, cloud-forms as cin°o-cumidus. [-I-, -o-]
cipeumloeirtionARY *, eipcumld'eutoRY, ci'ppiped(e), n. Marine animal in valved
aa., eipeumloeirtioniST(l) n. [f. L circum- shell attached to other bodies, with legs like
(lOCUtiO LOCUTION)] curl of hair. [f. F ciRRi(pede f. hpes pedis foot)]
cipcum-mepi'dian, a. (astr.). Near the ci'ppus, n. (pi. -ri). (Bot.) tendril; (Zool.)
meridian (of slender appendage, as beard of fishes, feet of
observations taken of star &c.
when so placed). [circum-(2)] cirripeds (Meteor.) form of cloud with diverg- ;

cipcumna-'vigrate, v.t. Sail round (esp. the ing filaments like lock of hair or wool. Hence
globe or world). Hence eipeumna'vig-atOR 2 eippo'SE 1 ci'ppous, aa. [L,=cuii] ,

n. [f. L circu Mnavigare navigate)] cis-, pref. = on this side of, opp. to trans- or
eipeumnu'tate, v.i. (bot.). Bend towards ultra-, retaining in some orig. L wds the
all points of compass successively (of growing Roman sense (cispadane, cisalpine, S. or
parts of plant). Hence cipeumnutATiON n. Rome-wards of Po, Alps), but usu. w. ref. to
[circum-(I), nutate] speaker's or majority's position (cismontane,
eipeumop'al, a. (physiol.). Placed round N. of Alps or non-Italian cis-Leithan, W. of ;

mouth. [circum-(2), L os oris mouth, -al] Leitha, Austrian, non-Hungarian cis-pontine, ;

cipeumpo'lap, a. (Astr.) c. star, motion, in London, on northern or better known side

Sec, above horizon throughout diurnal course of bridges or Thames) prefixed to the adj. form
; ;

(Geog.) about, near, one of the earth's poles. of the second element often used in wds made ;

[CIRCUM-<2), hpollCS POLE, -AR 1 ] for the nonce in opposition to wds in trans-
eip'cumscpibe, v.t. Draw line round; or ultra- (transatlantic cisatlantic) also of & ;

(Geom.) describe (figure) round another touch- time as cis-Elizabethan. [L prep.]

ing it at points, but not cutting it lay down cist, n. (archaeol.). Prehistoric stone or hol-
;

limits of, confine, restrict define logically

; lowed-tree coffin box for sacred utensils in ;

sign (round-robin), whence eipeumsepi'bER 1 Gk mysteries, [f. L f. Gk kiste box]

, n. [f. L ciRCUMCs-cri&ere script- write)] Cistep'cian (-shn), n. & a. (Monk) of order
cipcumsepi'ption, n. Having, marking founded 1098 at Cistercium or Citeaux, stricter
out, or imposing, of limits boundary limited offshoot of Benedictines, also called Bernardine
; ;

district; definition; (Geom.) circumscribing as patronized by St Bernard of Clairvaux. [-an]

(see prec); inscription round coin &c. [f. L ei'stepn, n. Reservoir for storing water, usu.
circuniscriptio (prec, -ion] on upper storey with pipes supplying taps on
cireumso'lap, a. Revolving round, being lower levels (also fig., of pond), [f. OF cisterne
near, the sun. [circu.m-(2), sol 1 -ar 1 ] f. L cisterna (cista see cist) cf. caverna]
,

cip'cumspect, a. Cautious, wary, taking ci'stus, n. Kinds of shrub with large white
everything into account. Hence or cogn. eip- or red short-lived flowers, [f. Gk kistos]
eumspe'ctiON, ciP'eumspeetNESs, nn., ci'tadel, n. Fortress, esp. one guarding or
cip'eumspeetivE a., cip'eumspeetLY 2 dominating city last retreat of hard-pressed ;

adv. [f. L circum (specks p.p. of -spicere look party, belief, &c [f. F citadelle f. It. cittadella
at) considered, of act, & transf. of persons] dim. of cittade f. L civitatem city]
cip'cumstanee, n. (PI.) time, place, man- cite, v.t. Summon to appear in law-court;
ner, cause, occasion, &c, surroundings, of an quote (passage, book, author) in support of a
act external conditions affecting or that might position mention as example. Hence or cogn.
; ;

affect an agent (in, under, the cc, owing to or ei'tABLE a., cftA'TiON n. [f. F citer f. L citare
making allowance for them) material welfare frequent, of ciere set moving]
;

(in good, bad, easy, reduced, straitened, cc). ci'thep(n), ei'ttepn, n. (archaic or poet.).
(Sing.) full detail in narrative ceremony, fuss, Lute, guitar, [f. L f. Gk kithara harp with
;

(without c, unceremoniously; pomp&c); in- seven to eleven strings]

cident, occurrence, fact (esp. the c that). Hence ei*tizen, n. Burgess, freeman, of city towns- ;

ciP'cumstaneED 2 a. TOF, f. L ciRCUM(.sta?i- man civilian member, native or naturalized, ; ;

tia f. part, of stare stand) surrounding state] of a State (usu. of; c of the world, cosmopoli-
cipeumsta'ntial (-shl), a. Depending on tan) inhabitant of. Hence ei'tizenHOOD,
;

subordinate details (c. evidence, establishing ei'tizensHiP, nn. [ME citesein (-s- perh. on
the doubtful main fact by inference from anal, of denizen) f. OF citeain (city, -an)]
known facts otherwise hard to explain) ad- eitP-, comb, form of foil. Hence ei'tPATE ] (3) n.
;
 ;;; ;

CITRIC 149 CLAP

ei'tpic, a. (chem.). Of citron (esp. c. acid), [f. claim 2 , for something as due
n. Demand
L citrus citron + -ic] (lay c. to) ; right, title, to thing, right to make
ci'tpine, a. i. Lemon-coloured, [f. F citrin demand on person (Mining &c.) piece of land ;

L citrus, -ine 1 ] allotted, [f. OF claime see prec. J

eitpo-. =citr-. clairvoyance, n. Faculty of seeing men-
ei'tpon, n. (Tree bearing) lemon-like but larg- tally what is happening or exists out of sight
er, less acid, & thicker-skinned fruit; lemon exceptional insight. [F (L clarus clear, videre
colour. [F, f. It. citrone (L citrus, -oon)] see, -ance) ; first sense given in E]
ei'ty, n. (Loosely) important town ; (strictly) clairvoyant, n. (sometimes fern, -te), & a.
town created c. by charter, esp. as containing (Person) having clairvoyance. [F, as prec, -ant]
cathedral (but all cathedral towns are not cc, clam See clamp \ i.

nor vice versa) ; c. of refuge Holy C, Jerusa- ;

clam 2 , n. Various bivalve shell-fish, esp.
lem, Heaven Eternal C, C. of the Seven Hills,
;
the N.-Amer. Hard or Round, & Soft or Long,
Rome Celestial C, Heavenly C, C. of God,
;
C, used for food. [orig. c.-shell I. c/owi^clamp 1 ]
Paradise ; the C, part of London governed by claimant, a. Noisy, insistent; urgent, [f.
Lord Mayor &
Corporation, business part of L clamare cry out, -ant]
this, commercial circles, (C. man, in commerce ela-mber, v.i., & n. Climb with hands &
or finance ; C.-article, in newspaper on these ;
feet ; climb with difficulty or labour, [prob. f.
C. Company, corporation representing ancient climb + -er5, but cf. clamp i & G sich klam-
trade-guild). Hence (-)eitiED 2 ei'tyLESS, aa., ,
mern hook oneself on]
ei'tywARD(s) adv. [f. OF cite f. L civitatem cla'mmy, a. Moist, usu. cold, & sticky or
(civis citizen, -ty) citizenship, community] slimy (of the hand, ill-baked bread, any surface).
ei'vet, n. (Also c.-cat) carnivorous quadru- Hence cla'mmiLY 2 adv., cla'mmiNESS n.
ped between fox weasel in size look; & & [perh. f. OE clam clay]
strong musky perfume got from anal glands of ela-mour, n., & v.i. & t. Shout(ing) (make) ;

this. [f. F civette f.

Arab, zabad] loud appeal, complaint, or demand (abs., or
ei'vie, a. Of, proper to, citizens (c. crown, for, against, to do also as v.t., c. down, silence, ;

oak-garland, Roman honour to one who saved c. out of, into, force by c); (make) confused
fellow-citizen's life in war) of city, municipal noise. So cla'mopous a., cla'mopousLY 2
;

of citizenship, civil, (c. virtues, activity), whence adv. [f. OF f. L clamor (clamare call out)]
ei'vicsn. Hence ci'viCALLY adv. [f. L civicus clamp 1 , n., & v.t. (also clam in some tech-
(civis citizen, -ic)] nical uses of n.). Brace, clasp, or band, usu.
ci'vil, a. Of gregarious men (c. society, life) of iron, for strengthening other materials or ;

of a citizen community (c. institutions c. war, holding things together various appliances
; ;

confined to this, between fellow-citizens, The or tools with opposite sides connected by screw
C. W., in Eng., between Charles I & Parlia- for holding or compressing; (vb) strengthen,
ment, in U.S., War of Secession) of, becoming, fasten together, with c. or cc. [f. 15th c. there
; ;

a citizen (c. rights, liberty c. spirit) polite, was OE clam in same sense]
; ;

obliging, not rude, whence (with pi. = favours) clamp 2, n. & v. t. Pile (of bricks for burning, ,

civi'liTY n. not naval or military (c. engineer; potatos &c. under straw & earth, turf, peat,
;

C. Service, all non-warlike branches of State garden rubbish, &c.) (vb) pile (bricks &c.) up. ;

administration, C. Servant, member of one of [perh. = prec. cf. Du. klamp a heap] ;

them) not ecclesiastical (c. magistrates, & for-

; clan, n. Scotch highlanders with common
merly c. laic) not criminal (c. law, concerning ancestor, esp. while under patriarchal control
;

questions of private rights merely) not natural (clansman, member, fellow member, of a);
;

or astronomical (c. day, year, as recognized for tribe family holding together, whence cla'n- ;

dating &c.) C. Law, Roman law (so D.C.L. & niSH 1 a., cla# nnishLY 2 adv., ela'nnishNESS
; ;

see above) c. list, Parliamentary allowance for n.

: party, coterie genus, species, class, [f. ; ;

King's household & royal pensions. Hence Gael, clann f. L PLANTa]

ei'vilr.Y 2 adv. [F, f. L civilis (civis citizen, -il)] clandestine, a. Surreptitious, secret.
eivrlian (-yan), n. & a. (Person) not of navy Hence clande'stineLY 2 adv. [f. L clande-
or army; (also Indian C.) member of Indian stinus (clam secretly, cf. intestine, matutine)]
Civil Service, [archaic sense, one learned in clang", n., & v.i. & t. Loud resonant metallic
Civil Law, f. OF civilien as prec, -ian] sound (esp. of trumpet, arms, large bell, some
ei'viliza'tion, n. Making or becoming civi- birds) (vb) make, cause (thing) to make, this, ;

lized stage, esp. advanced stag;e, in social [f. L clangere cf. Gk Mag-]
;

development civilized States, [f. toll. + -ation] ela'ngfoup (-ngg-), n. Succession, prevalence,
;

ei'vilize, v.t. Bring out of barbarism, en- of clanging noises. Hence cla'ng-opous a.,
lighten, refine c. away, get rid of (barbarous cla*ng OPOUSLY 2 adv. [fLclangor (prec, -or )]
,
1
;

habits &c). Hence ei'vilizABLE a., ci'vili- clank, n. & v.i. & t. Sound as of heavy chain ,

zer 1 n. [f. F civiliser, see civil, -ize(3)] rattling (vb) make, cause (bucket, chain, &c.) ;

clack, n., & v.i. Sharp sound as of boards to make, this. [f. 17th c, perh. on clang, clink ;

struck together ; flap - valve in pumps &c. but cf. Du. klank]
clatter of tongues. (Vb) chatter loudly make ; cla'nship, n. The clan system; division
sound as of clogs on stone, [prob. unit* cf. F ; into mutually jealous parties devotion to a ;

claque(r), Du. klakken] leader, [-ship]

clad. See clothe. clap 1
, n. Explosive noise (of thunder, of
elad(o)-, comb, form of Gk klados young hand-palms struck together) ; slap, pat, (ar-
shoot, in bot. terms as cladocarpous with fruit chaic), [perh. f. foil.]
on lateral branchlets. clap , v.i. & t. C. one's hands, c. (t. & i.),
2
claim 1 , v.t. Demand as one's due (recogni- applaud by striking palms together loudly
tion &c, to be, that one should be, recognized (also, usu. w. hands, strike them for warmth,
&c.) represent oneself as having (c. the victory,
; as signal, &c.) flap (wings) audibly c. on the ; ;

accuracy) profess to (be the owner, have told

; back, slap so in encouragement or congratula-
the truth) demand recognition of the fact that
; tion put, place, quickly or energetically (spurs
;

(U. S.) contend, assert (of things) deserve (esp. ; to horse, person in prison, duty on goods c. on ;

attention). Hence elai'mABLE a., elai'm- all sail ; c. up peace, bargain, make hastily or
ant(1) n. [f. OF cla(i)mcri. L clamare call out] carelesoly ; c. eyes on, catch sight of, esp. w.
 ; ;

CLAP 150 CLAW

Reg.) c.-net, fowler's or entomologist's, shut by
;
member of same c with one ; c.-book, used by
pulling string, [cf. G klappen, ON klappa] division of candidates after examination
c) ;

clap 3 , n. (not in decent use). Venereal dis- (take a c, gain honours so classman opp. to
;

ease, gonorrhoea. [?] passman ; c.-list, issued by examiners) division ;

ela'pper, n. Tongue or striker of bell hand according to quality (so high, low, first, second,
;

or wind rattle for scaring birds, [clap

1
H-ek
] &c, -c, as adjj. of praise or depreciation, &
ela'ppepelaw, v.t. Scratch &
hit; abuse, first, second, third, c, of railway carriages
criticize spitefully, [prec, claw] See. ; no c. slang, quite inferior) ; number of in-
cla'ptrap, n. & a. Language, sentiment, dividuals having common name as like in any
meant to catch applause; showy, [clap 1 trap] respect; (Nat. Hist.) highest division (c, order,
,

claque (-ahk), claqueur" (-ker), nn. Hired family, genus, species) of animal, vegetable,
body of applauders, hired applauder. [FJ or mineral kingdom. (Vb) place in a c hence ;

elar'abella, n. Powerful fluty organ-stop, cla*ssABLE a. [f. F classe f. Lclassis assembly

[f. L clarus clear, bell us pretty] (calare convoke)]
ela'penee, n. Four-wheeled close carriage cla'ssic, a. &
n. Of the first class, of allowed
with seats for four inside &
two on box, four- excellence ; of the standard ancient Latin &
wheeler cab. [Duke of C. (William IV)] Greek authors, art, or culture ; of Latin &
Cla*rene(i)eux (-su), n. Second KiNG ] -of- Greek antiquity in the c style, simple, har- ;

Arms. [AF(-ceux), f. Clarence (Clare in Suffolk), monious, proportioned, &

finished (cf. roman-
dukedom of Lionel son of Edw. Ill] tic) ; having literary associations (c. ground) ;
ela'pendon, a. &
n. (typog.). Thick-faced the c. races. Two &
One Thousand, Derby,
(type), thus, of various sizes. Oaks, St Leger. (N.) writer or artist of
ela'ret, n. & a. Kinds of red French wine admitted excellence ; ancient Greek or Latin
imported from Bordeaux (usu. blends of light writer; Latin and Greek scholar; follower of
wine with Benicarlo) ; (slang) blood (tap one's c models (cf. romantic) ; (pi.) classical studies,
c, make his nose bleed with blow of fist) c- [f. L classicus (prec, -ic) of the first class]
;

colour(ed), reddish-violet ; artificial salmon-fly cla'ssical, a. Standard, first-class, esp. in

so coloured jc.-CUP 1 [OF (vine), = clairetdim. literature ; of ancient Greek or Latin standard
.

of clair f. L clarus clear (orig. of light red wines authors or art ; learned in these ; based on these
between white &red)] (c. education); in, following, the restrained
cla'Pify, v.t. &i. Make clear (obscure sub- style of c antiquity (as prec, cf. romantic).
ject, mind, sight) ; free from impurities, make Hence cla*ssicaliSM(3), classica'lrrv, nn.,
transparent, (liquid, butter, air, &c); become cla'ssicalLV 2 adv. [as prec + -al]
transparent (lit., & fig. of literary style &c). [f. cla'ssicism, -ist, nn. Following, follower,
OF clarifier f. L clarijicare (clarus clear, -FY)] of classic style ; classical scholar(ship) ; advo-
cla'piriet (also -e't), n. Wooden single-reed cacy, advocate, of classical education ; (-ism) a
instrument played by holes &
keys organ-stop Latin or Greek idiom. [-ism(3, 4), -ist(2, 3)]
;

of like quality. So clapine*ttisx(3) n. [f. F cla'ssicize, v.t. i. &

Make classic ; imitate
clarinette dim. of cZam?ie = foll.] the classical style. [-ize(2, 3)]
cla'pion, n. &
a. Shrill narrow-tubed trum- classico-, comb, form of L classicus w.
pet formerly used in war; rousing sound ; organ- senses of classic. Hence elassieo'LATRY n.
stop of c. quality; (adj.) clear loud. &[f. OF ela'ssify, v.t. Arrange in classes assign to ;

claron f. med. L clarionem nom. -io (clear)] a class. So cla'ssifiABLE, cla'ssifleatORY,

clapione't, n. = clarinet, [prec, -et 1 ] aa., classificA'TiON, cla'ssifiER 1 , nn. [f. L
&
i

cla*pity, n. Clearness. [ME OF clarte f. CLASS IS + -FY]

L claritatem (clarus clear, -TV)] ela'ssy, a. (slang). Superior. [-Y 2 ]
elap'y, n. Kind of pot-herb. [OE slarie f. ela'ttep, v.i. t., & &
n. (Make) dry confused
med. L sclarea etym. dub.] sound as of many plates struck together
&
clash, v.i. t. & n. (Make) loud broken sound (resound with) noisy talk c. along, down, &c,
, ;

as of collision, striking weapons, cymbals, bells move, fall, with a c ; (v.t.) cause (plates &c)
rung together; encounter, conflict, (v.i., n.) &
to c [OE clatrian cf. Du. klateren]
disagree(ment) ; be at variance xoith ; rush or clause, n. Short sentence ; (Gram.) sub-
charge (vb) into, against, upon ; ring (bells) all ordinate words including subject predicate &
together, [prob. imit., perh. on clang, crash] but syntactically equivalent to noun, adj., or
clasp ] , n. Contrivance of interlocking parts adv.; single proviso in treaty, law, or contract.
for fastening, buckle, brooch ; metal fastening [OF, f. LL clausa = L clausula conclusion
of book-cover ; embrace, reach ; grasp, hand- (claudere clans- shut, -ule)]
shake ; bar of silver on medal-ribbon with name clau'stpal, a. Of the cloister, monastic, nar-
of occasion (in campaign commemorated by row, [f. LL claustralis (cloister, -al)]
medal) at which wearer was present ; c.-knife, ela'vate, a. (bot.). Club-shaped, [f. hclava
folding, with catch fixing blade when open. [f. club + -ATE 2 ]
14th c. ; excl. E; etym. dub. ; var., elapse, cf. ela'viehopd, n. Predecessor of piano, first
hasp hapse, ask ax] string-instrument with key-board, [f. 15th-c
& &
clasps v.t. i. Fasten (c.) ; fasten (t. i.) L clavichordium (hclavis key, chord •)]
with or as c; encircle, hold closely, embrace cla'vicle, n. Collar-bone. Soelavi'eulAR 1
;

grasp (another's hand c. hands, shake hands a. [f. L clavicula dim. of clavis key]
;

emotionally, make common cause ; c. one's ela'vifopm, a. Club-shaped. [L clava, -form]

hands, interlace fingers), [f. prec] claw J , n. Pointed horny nail of beast's or
cla'spep, n. In vbl senses esp., (pi.) appen- bird's foot (pare, cut, the cc. of, disarm) ; foot
;

dages of some male fish &

insects for holding so armed, pincers of shellfish; (contempt.)
the female, [-er ] ] hand ; contrivance for grappling, holding, &c
class, n., & v.t. Rank, order, of society (c.-hammer, with bent split end for extracting
(higher, upper, middle, lower, working, cc. ; nails; c.-h. coat, dress coat). Hence (-)clawED 2
the cc, the rich or educated, opp. the masses) ; a. [OE clawu f. obi. cases of clea cf. dee still
caste system set of students taught together, dial. cf. Du. klaauw, G klaue]
; ;

their time of meeting, their course of in- claw 2, v.t. Scratch, tear, seize or pull
struction, (U.S.) all college students of same towards one, with cc. or hands (c. me 1 11 c. &
standing, (c.-fellow, -mate, present or past thee, of mutual flattery f. obs. sense, still Sc,
 ;;
;;

CLAY 151 CLENCH

scratch gently) (Naut.) beat to windward, esp.
; dues, (intr. of ship) sail defray (prospective ;

c. off, away from shore, [f. prec.] charges) by single payment c. away, remove, ;

clay, n. Stiff tenacious earth, material of remove meal from table, (of mist &c.) dis-
bricks, pottery, &c. ; (material of) human body appear ; c. off, get rid of, melt away, (of in-
(wet, moisten, one's c, drink); (also c.-pipe) truders) go away; c. out, empty, make off;
tobacco pipe made of c. {yard of c, long one) c. up, solve (mystery), make tidy, (of weather
c.-cold, cold as c. (usu. of the dead). Hence &c.) grow c. [f. prec]
(with -e- to separate yy, comp. more, most) & clearance, n. Making clear ; removal of
elay'ev a. [OE clxg, com.-Teut. cf. Du.
2 & obstructions passing of cheques through
;

G klei, f. kli- to stick cf. Gk gloios, L gluten] » Clearing House (certificate of) clearing of ship ;

claymope, n. Ancient Scottish two-edged at Custom House, [prec. + -ance]

broadsword ; (incorrectly) basket-hilted often clear'cole, n., & v.t. (Paint with) size and
single-edged broadsword introduced in 16th c. whiting or white-lead as first coat in house-
[f.UaeLclaidheainh mor great swordj painting, [f. F claire code clear glue]
clean ", a. Free from dirt, unsoiled, clear, clearing , n. In vbl senses esp. piece of
1

; :

(land of weeds, ship of barnacles, paper of land in primeval forest cleared for cultivation ;
writing, printing-proof of corrections; c. bill 4 ; C. House, banker's institution in London at
c. hands, c.-handed, c.-handedness, innocence, which cheques & bills are exchanged, the ba-
innocent; c.-fingered, unbribed c. tongue, ; lances only being paid in cash, [clear 2 -ing 1 ] ,

abstinence from foul talk c. breast l show ; ; cleap'ly, adv. Distinctly to, with, senses or
c. pair of heels, escape by speed c.-bred, ; mind manifestly undoubtedly, (in answers)
; ;

thoroughbred) (bibl.) free of ceremonial defile-

; yes, no doubt, [clear 1 -ly 2] ,

ment or of disease (of beasts &c.) fit for food

; clear'ness, n. Transparence; distinctness
(esp. c. fish, not at or soon after spawning) to, of, senses or mind freedom from obstruc- ;

hostile to dirt (c. servant), cleanly well-formed, ; tion. [clear -ness] 1

,

shapely, (joints, figure, so c. limbed c. ship, ; cleat, n. Wedge projecting piece bolted on ;

with tapering lines) smart, adroit, not bung- ; spar, gangway, &c. to give footing or prevent ,

ling, (c. fielding) even, unobstructed, clear-

; rope from slipping; piece of wood or iron
cut, complete, (c. sweep, complete riddance bolted on for fastening ropes to. [cf. Du. kloot
c. timber, without knots). Hence elea'nNESS ball cogn. w. clot]
;

n. [OE clxne com.-Teut. cf. G klein small]

; clea'vage, n. Way in which thing (mineral,
clean 2, adv. Completely, right, outright, party, opinion, State) tends to split (esp. lines,
altogether, simply, absolutely, (c. gone, c. planes, of c). [foil. + -age]
bowled, cut c. through, c. mad,c. torong) c.-cut, ; cleave , v.t. & i. (clove or cleft; cloven er
1

sharply outlined. [OE clxne adv. f. prec] cleft). Split (often asunder, in two); chop,
clean 3, v.t., n. &
Make clean (o/dirt&c); break, or come, apart, esp. along the grain or
empty (one's plate) make oneself, make one- ; line of cleavage (cleft palate, malformation in
self, become, c. (also c. up) c. up, put things ; mouth in a cleft stick, in tight place allowing
;

tidy, put (things) tidy, clear (mess) away c. ; neither retreat nor advance; cloven hoof, of
out, empty, strip, (esp. slang, person of his ruminant quadrupeds, of god Pan, & so of
money) c. down, c. by brushing or wiping
; devil, whence shoiv the c. h., reveal an evil
hence clea'nABLE a., Helea'nER^l, 2), n. nature) make way through (water, air) hold
; ;

(N.) cleaning (give it a c). [f. clean j

clea'nly 1 (en), adv. In clean way. [OE
Cl&nlic (CLEAN 1 + -LY 2 )]
clea'nly 2 (-en), a. Habitually clean, atten-
tive to cleanness. Hence clea'nliLV 2 adv.,
clea'nliNESS n. [OE clxnlic (clean x + -ly ')]
cleanse (-enz), v.t. Make clean (now formal
or archaic for clean in lit. sense) purify (of sin
&c, or with sin &c. as obj.) (bibl.) cure (leper
&c). [OE clxnsian (clxne clean 1 )]
clear 1 , a. & adv. Unclouded, transparent,
not turbid, lustrous, unspotted, (so clear-starch
v.t.,= starch well); distinct, unambiguous, in-
telligible, not confused, manifest; discerning,
penetrating, (so clear-sighted, -sightedness,
usu. fig.); confident, decided, certain; easily
audible without deduction, net rid of; com-
; ;
plete (three c. days) ; open, unobstructed,
(coast is c, no one about to see or interfere);
unengaged, free, unencumbered by debt. (Adv.)
] (ground, persons) apart (of chasm lit. & fig.).
Hence clea'VABLE a. [OE cliofan, com.-Teut.
cf. G klieben, also Gk gluph- carve]
cleave 2 , v.i. (cleaved or clave; cleaved).
Stick fast, adhere, to (archaic exc. in fig. sense
of be faithful). [OE chfan & clifian, com.-Teut,
cf. G klebcn f.kli- stick]
; clea'ver, In vbl senses;
esp., butcher's
n.
; chopping-tool for carcases, [cleave*1 + -er ] ]
elea'vers, eli'v-, n. (used as sing, or pi.).
Goose-grass, creeper sticking to clothes, [earli-
er -er; perh. f. cleave 2 + -er 1 ]
cleek, n. Iron-headed golf-club. [Sc, cogn.
w. MEcleche to clutch]
clef, n. One of the three symbols (C, tenor,
or alto; Gortreble; or bass) indicating pitch F
of stave in music. [F, f. L clavis key]
cleft ', n. Fissure, split, [earlier clyft, clift,
cf. Du. & G kluft, cogn. w. cleave l ]
cleft 2. See cleave 1 .

clearly (speak loud c; c.-cut, well defined & ; cleg", n. Large grey fly, horse-fly. [f. ON
show, shine, c.) quite (c. away, off, oid,
; kleggi]
through; three feet c.) apart, without contact, ; cleistoga'mic (kli-), a. (bot). Permanently
(stand, hang, steer, get, a). [ME & OF cler closed &
self- fertilizing (of certain flowers).
(now clair) f. L clarus] [Gk kleistos closed (kleio) -gamos -married] +
clear 2 , v.t. i. &
Make, become, c. (c. the air, clem, v.t. i. (northern).& Starve, [cf. Du. &
lit.of sultriness, fig. of suspicion, constraint, G klemmta, pinch, & clam ]
]
sulks, &c. ; c. one's throat, by slight coughing) cle'matis, of climbing shrub
n. Kinds
show or declare innocent ; free from obstruc- (British wild species. Traveller's Joy or Old
tion (c. the decks for action, make ready to Man's Beard). [L, f. Gkklematis]
fight; c. land, cut down trees &c. before ele'meney, n., ele'ment, a. Mild(ness) of
cultivating) remove (obstruction, esp. c. out temper or weather; (showing) mercy, [f. L
of the way) melt away (also slang of persons,
; dementia, clemens -entis]
go away) empty, become empty pass over or clench, clinch, v.t. & i., & n. (choice between
;
;

by without touching (esp. in jumping, c. 6 ft, e & i as indicated). Secure (nail, rivet) by
22ft, a gate) (Naut.) free (ship) by paying all driving point sideways when through (e, i);
;
 ;; ;

CLENCHER 152 CLINKER-BUILT

close (t. & i. of teeth or fingers) tightly (e) grasp ;
cli'entSHiP, nn., cli'entLESS a. [f. L cliens
firmly (e); (Naut.) fasten (rope) with special -entis (cluere hear, obey, -ent)]
bend (e, i) confirm, settle (argument, bargain)
; clientele, n. 1. Person's dependants, follow-

conclusively (i, e) (n.) any of above actions or ;

ing. Customers, supporters, (of physician,
2.
the resulting state. [OE clenc(e)an, cf. OHG shop, theatre, &c). [f. L clienteia as prec. in
klenkan, cogn. w. cling, w. causal sense] sense 1, but dropped & later readopted f. F in
elencher. See clincher. sense 2, & often pronounced & written (-tele) as F]
clepsydra, n. Ancient clock worked by cliff, n. Steep rock-face, usu. overhanging
flow of water. [L, f. Gk klepsudra (klepto steal, sea cliffsman, skilled climber. [OE, cf. Du., clif]
;

hudor water)] climacte'pic, a. & n. Constituting a crisis,

elere'stopy (-ers-), n. Part of cathedral critical (Physiol. & Med.) occurring at period
;

wall, with series of windows, above aisle roofs, of life (45-60) at which vital force begins to de-
[perh. f. clear i + stor(e)v] cline (n.) critical period in life (multiples of 7,
;

elep'gy, n. The clerical order, all persons odd multiples of 7, &c. grand c, 63rd year), ;

ordained for religious service (the c. usu. has [f. L f. Gk klimakterikos f. klimakter rung of

pi. vb ; a c, i.e. the c. of a country or church, ladder (klimax), -ic]

has usu. sing, vb) clergymen (30 c. were, pre-
membership of, learning proper
sent)', (Hist.)
to, c. (benefitof c, exemption from trial by
secular court, & later from sentence for first
conviction, enjoyed by all who could read)
clergyman, ordained minister, esp. of Estab-
lished Church; clergy woman, wife, daughter,
; cli'mate (-at), n. (Region with certain) con-
ditions of temperature, dryness, wind, light, &c.
Hence climatic a., elima'tiCALLY adv., cli-
mato'LOGY n., eli'matOLOGiCAL a. [f. F cli-
mat f. LL f. Gk klima -at- (klino slope, -M)]
cli'max, n., & v.i. & t. Ascending scale;
series of ideas or expressions so arranged last ;

&c, of clergyman, esp. if dominating parish, term in these culmination, apex hence (irreg.)
; ;

[f. OF clergie (clerc t LL cleric us, -y')] elima'etic a. (Vb) come, bring, to a c. [L, f.
c16*p1c, a. (archaic), n. Clergyman ; of & Gk klimax -akos ladder, climax]
clergy. Hence elepieo- comb. form. [f. LL f. climb (-im), v.t. & i. (past climbed & archaic
Gk klerikos (kleros lot, Acts i. 17, Dent, xviii. 2)] clomb pr. -6m), & n. Ascend, mount, go up,
cle'Pical, a. n. &
Of clergy, clergyman, or (t. & i.) esp. with help of hands ; c. down (t. & i.),
clergymen of, madeby, clerk(s) (c.error, in writ-
; descend (clifl &c, or
abs.) similarly, (intr.) re-
ing out c. duties, staff); (n.) member of c. party
; treat from position taken up, give in ; (of sun
in a parliament &c. Hence ele*PicaliSM(3), &c.) go slowly up; (of plants) get support by
ele , picaliST(2),nn.,ele , picalizE(3) v.t.,clepi- tendrils or twining from tree, trellis, &c. ; slope
ca'liTY n., cle'picalLY 2 adv. [f. LL clericalis upwards; rise by effort in social rank, intel-
(prec, -al)] lectual or moral strength, &c. ; climbing -iron,
clerk (-ark), n. (Also c. in holy orders) clergy- spikes attachable to boot for climbing trees or
man (archaic, legal, sometimes appended to & ice slopes; hence eli'mb able (-ma-) a. (N.)
signature to show status of writer) ; lay officer piece of climbing (c. down, abandonment of
of parish church with various duties ; (no) declared intention), place (to be) climbed, [cf.
great c, (no) scholar (archaic) officer in charge ; G klimmen; prob. cogn. w. cleave 2 ]
of records &c, secretary, man of business, of eli'mbep (-Imer), n. In vbl senses esp. ; :

town (Town c), corporation, &c. (usu. a lawyer) climbing plant ; kinds of bird, usu. with two
person employed in bank, office, shop, &c, to forward & two backward toes, [-er 1 ]
make entries, copy letters, keep accounts, &c. clime, n. (poet.). Tract, country, (with or
C. of the Weather, personification of meteoro- without ref. to climate), [f. LL as climate]
logy ; c. of the works, overseer of materials &c. clinch. See clench.
in buildings done by contract. Hence elep'k- cli'nehep, ele'nehep, n. In vbl senses;
dom, clep*ksHip(l, 3), nn., clep'kLY 1 a. [OE esp. remark, argument, that triumphantly
:

cleric, clerc,as cleric] settles a question clincher-built = clinker-

;

cl6*vep, a. Adroit, dexterous, neat in move- built, [prec. + -er l ]

ment (c. horse, good fencer) skilfuL talented ; ; cling'» v.i. (clung). C. together, remain in one
ingenious (of doer or thing done). Hence ele*- body or in contact, resist separation ; stick,
vepiSH 1 (2) a., ele'vePLY 2 adv., ele'vePNESS adhere (whether by stickiness, suction,
to,
n. [etym. dub. diver occurs 1220 = quick at ; grasping, or embracing; clinging garments,
seizing ; cf. EFris. cliifer, clivers claws] & ME showing form of body or limbs) remain faith- ;

ele'vis, n. U-shaped iron at end of beam for ful to (friend, habit, idea) clingstone, kind of ;

attaching tackle, [perh. cogn. w. cleave 1 ] peach or nectarine in which flesh adheres to
clew (-oo), n., v.t. Ball of thread or yarn & ; stone. [OE clingan, cf. EFris. klingen shrink,
this as used in mythol. story to guide through Sw. kldnge climb, tendril]
labyrinth = clue. (Naut.) small cords suspend-
; eli'nie, n. Teaching of medicine or surgery
ing hammock lower or aft corner of sail by
; at the hospital bed-side. [f. F clinique f. Gk
which it is extended ; (vb) c. up, lower draw klinike (tekhne) clinical (art)]
ends of (sails) to upper yard or mast ready for cli'nical, a. (med.). Of, at, the sick-bed (esp.
furling. [OE cliwen n. prob. dim. of kliu ; OHG of lectures, teaching, so given c. thermometer, ;

clue is a var. spelling merely, but the two are for taking patient's temperature). Hence cli*-
now usu. differentiated] nicalLY 2 adv. [f. L f. Gk klinikos (kline bed
cli'ch6 Metal cast esp. stereo or elec-
(-esha), n. -f. klino slope) + -al]
tro duplicate hackneyed literary phrase. [F]
; clink 1 , n., v.i. t. &
(Make, cause glasses&
click, n., & v.i. (Make) slight sharp sound as &c. to make) sharp ringing sound clinkstone, ;

of cocking gun catch in machinery acting with

; kinds of felspar (f. ringing like iron when
this sound (of horse) touch shoes of fore & hind
; struck), [imit. ; cf. Du. klinken]
feet (n., (S.-Afr. langg.) (make) sharp
this fault) ; clink 2, n. Prison, lock-up, (esp. in c). [name
non- vocal sucking sound as articulation, [imit., of a South wark prison prob. — clinch] ;

cf. Du. klikken, F cliguer] eli'nkep, n. Very hard yellow Dutch brick
cli'ent, n. (Rom. Ant.) plebeian under pro- brick with surface vitrified by great heat mass ;

tection of noble (archaic) dependant, hanger- ; of bricks fused together or of slag or lava. [f.

on ; employer of lawyer ; employer of any pro- Du. klinckaerd (now klinker) f. klinkei clink 1 ]
fessional man, customer. Hence eli'entAGE, clunker-built, a. (Of boats) made with
 ;;
; ;

CLINOMETER 153 CLOSET

external planks overlapping downwards & choke up, obstruct by stickiness fill up with ;

fastened with clinched copper nails, [f. obs. choking matter stop or act badly from being
;

clink vb = clinch] choked up. [f. prec, & cf. dial, vb clag stick]
elino'metep, n. Instrument measuring
for clo'g-gy, a. Lumpy, knotty sticky, [-y 2] ;

slopes, [f. Gk klino to slope, -meter]

-0-, cloisonne (klwahzona*), a. & n. V. enamel
Clro, n. (The Muse of) history, [f. Gk Kleio or c, enamel in which colours of pattern are
(We *o celebrate)] kept apart by thin outline plates. [F]
clip J , v.t, & n. Surround closely, grip tightly cloi'ster, n., & v.t. (Enclose, shut up, in)
(n.) appliance for holding things together or convent, monastic house, (the c, monastic
for attachment to object as mark. [OKclyppan seclusion) covered walk, often round quad-
;

embrace cf. ON klypa pinch]
clip 2, v.t., & n. Cut with shears or scissors,
trim thus, take away part of (hair, wool) thus,
remote hair or wool of (sheep, person) thus, (c.
one's wings, disable him from pursuing his am-
bition) pare edge of (coin) omit letters or
;
syllables of (words) omit (letter &c; clips his
gs). (N.) operation of shearing or hair-cutting
quantity of wool clipped from sheep, flock, &c.
[ppob. f. ON clippa]
cli'ppep, n. In vbl senses; also oresp.: in-
strument for clipping hair swift mover (esp.
rangle with wall on outer & colonnade or win-
dows on inner side, esp. of convent, college,
cathedral buildings, whence cloi'stePED 2 a.
Hence cloi'stPAL a. [ME & OF cloistre f. L
claustrum (claudere shut, -trum instr. suf.)]
; cloke. See cloak.
; clo'nus, n. (path.). Spasm with violent suc-
cessive muscular contractions & relaxations.
Hence cld'nic a. [f. Gk klonos]
cloop, n M & v.i. (Make) sound (as) of cork
being drawn, [imit.]
; close * (-6s), a. & adv. 1. Shut (of vowels) :

of horse or ship); ship with forward-raking pronounced with lips or mouth cavity con-
bows & aft-raking masts (slang) thing excel- ; tracted (e. g. o in not is open, in note c.) narrow, ;

lent of its kind, [clip 2 -er 1 ] , confined, contracted, stifling, (c. siege, prisoner,
clipping" 1 , n. In vbl senses; esp., piece air) covered, concealed, secret, given to se-
;

clipped off. [clip 2 -ing ] ] , crecy, (keep, lie, c, be in hiding c. -stool, cham- ;

cli'pping 2, a. In vbl senses; esp., (slang) ber-pot mounted in stool with cover); niggard-
first-rate, [clip 2 -ing 2 ] , ly (so close-fistED 2
a., close-fi*stedNESS
clique (-ek), n. Small exclusive party, set, n.) ; restricted, limited, (c. corporation &c. ; c.
coterie. Hence cli'quiSH cli*qu(e)Y aa., 1
,
2
, scholarship, not open to all ; r. borough);
cli'quishNESS, cli*quiSM(2), nn. [F, f. cliquer under prohibition (c. season, time, in which
click cf. claque] something is forbidden, esp. killing of game
clivers. See cleavers. &c). 2. Near: dense, compact, with no or
c/oa'ca, n. (pi. -ae). Sewer; excrementory slight intervals, (c. texture, thicket, writing ;
cavity in birds, reptiles, &c. gathering-place c. order, combat', c. quarters, immediate con-
;

of moral evil. Hence cloa'CAL a. [L] tact c. reasoner, argument, analysis, leaving ;

cloak, (archaic) cloke, n., & v.i. & t. Loose no gaps or weak spots, coherent also adv., as ;

usu. sleeveless outdoor upper garment cover- shut c, c. ranked, c.-grained, without visible ;

ing (c. of snoic) pretence, pretext, {under the interstices, stand, sit, c); in or nearly in con-
;

c. of); c.-room, for leading cc, hats, &c, or tact (c. proximity a c. shave, near the skin, ;

any luggage. (Vb) put on one's c. put c. on aiso fig., narrow missing of collision &c. c-; ;

(oneself or another) conceal, disguise, [f. ONF hauled, with sail-tacks hauled c. to side to wind-
;

cloke f. med. L cloca horseman's cape named ward sail c. to the wind ; esp. in adv. or prep, ;

from its bell shape (clock 1 )] phrr. c. by, c. to, c. upon, as he was c. by, c. to
clock 1 , n. Time-measuring instrument the road, c. upon two hundred) fitting exactly ;

periodically wound up, kept in motion by (c. cap, c. resemblance) near & dear nearly ; ;

springs or weights acting on wheels, & record- equal (c. contest) concentrated (c. examination, ;

ing hours, minutes, &c, by hands on a dial attention). Hence clo'seLY 2 adv., elo'se-
(o'clock now usu. only appended to the actual ness n. [f. F clos f. L claudere clavs- shut]
hour, as six o'clock, but quarter to six, six close 2 (-6s), n. Enclosed place (break one's c.
fifteen, 1.25 what o'clock is it ?, what is the legal, trespass on his land) precinct of cathe-
; ;

time? of the clock still in formal or facetious dral school playground, [f. F clos f. L clausum
: ;

use) downy head of dandelion &c. clockwise, neut. p.p. as prec]

; ;

counter-clockwise, moving in curve from left to close 5 (-6z), v.t. & i., & n. Shut (t. & i. of
right, right to left, as seen by spectator at lid or box, door or room or house lit., or - de- ;

centre ;c.-icork, mechanism on c. principle (like clare or be declared not open, of place of busi-
c.-xo., regularly, automatically), (attrib.) regular, ness &c ; closing-time, at which shops stop
mechanical, [f. MDu. clocke (cf. G glocke bell), business c. upon, of hand, box, &c, grasp or
;

or ONF c/oA-e f. LL cloca cf. prec. orig. mean- ; imprison, also of eyes, lose sight of by shutting)
ing bell, prob. in imit. of the sound] "
be the boundary of, conclude, bring or come
clock 2 , n. Pattern worked in silk on side of to an end, complete, settle, (c. one's days, die ;

stocking. Hence (-)eloekED 2 a. [?] c. bargain ; abs., stop speaking, often xcith the
elo'eking, a. C. hen, one sitting on eggs, remark &c) bring or come into contact (c. the
;

[part, of dial, vb clock = cluck] ranks or, intr., c. up c. electric current or cir-
;

clod, n., & v.t. Lump of earth &c. lump of ; cuit, give it continuity), come wr ithin striking
earth (vb, pelt with cc.) the c, soil, land, mere ; distance, grapple with express (often eager) ;

matter (also c.-hopper) bumpkin, lout, (so c-

; agreement with (offer, terms, or person offering
hopping, loutish), whence elo'ddiSH 1 a., them) c. in, enclose, come nearer, (of days) get
;

elo'ddishNESS n.; coarse part of neck of ox successively shorter c. up, block, fill, coalesce.
;

as meat. [var. of clot now differentiated] (N.) conclusion, end ; grappling of combatants,
clog" 1 , Block of wood fastened to leg to
n. [f. OF clos- st. of clore f. L claudere shut]
impede motion iLvpediment, encumbrance ; ; elo'set (-6z-), n., v.t. &
Private or small
woman's wooden-soled over-shoe for wet room, esp. for private interviews (so vb, be
ground wooden-soled shoe with metal rirn
; closeted with, together, hold consultation) or
c.-dance, performed in cc. [?] for study (c. play, to be read not acted c. stra- ;

clog* 2 , v.t. & i. Confine (animal) with c. be ; tegist &c, theoretical) cupboard, as china-c.
;
'

an encumbrance to, burden impede, hamper ; = WATER-C. [OF CLOSE 3, -ET *)

 ;
; ;

CLOSURE 154 CLUMP

clo'sure l-zher), n., & v.t. Closing, closed (n. & v.); a cloth (esp. dish-c); piece of clothing;
condition. (Pari.) decision by vote of House of rap, knock, (n. & v., esp. on head with knuckles);
Commons, under certain restrictions, to put (Hist.) canvas on frame as mark at archery (in
the question without further debate (vb) apply ; the c, a hit !) [OE chit cogn. w. clot]
c. to (motion, speakers, &c). [OF, f. L clausura clove !, cloven. See cleave K
(claudere clans-, -ure)] clove 2, n. One of small bulbs making up com-
clot, n., & v.i. & t. Mass of material stuck pound bulb of garlic, shallot, &c. (usu. of). [OE
together semi-solid lump of coagulated liquid,
; clufu cogn. w. cleave 1 ]
esp. of blood (c of blood, pop. name for throm- clove 3 n. (Pungent aromatic dried bud of)
,

bosis). .(Vb) form (t. & i.) into cc. (clotted hair, tropical tree (oil o/cc, extracted from cc. used &
stuck together in locks clotted cream, got by ; in medicine) ; (also c-gillyjloiuer) c-scented
scalding milk clotted nonsense, utter absurd-; Pink, original of carnation other double &
ity). [Cf. G klotZ & CLEAT, CLOD] pinks. [ME clow(e) f. F clou (de girojle) girojle ;

cloth (-awth, -6th, pi. -awdhz, -oths), n. (pi. (see gillyflower) was orig. name of the »pice
cloths, &
in differentiated sense clothes*. clou (f. L clavus nail) de girojle was used of it
(Piece, used for any purpose, of) woven or felted w. ref. to its shape, transferred to the similarly
stuff; (also table-c.) covering for table, esp. of shaped bud of Pink, later divided into clove &
linen at meals {lay the c, prepare table for for the spice, &
gillyflower for the Pink]
meal) woollen woven fabric as used for clothes
; clove-hitch, n. Hitch by which rope is se-
c. of gold, silver, tissue of gold or silver threads cured at any intermediate part round spar or
interwoven with silk or wool; American c, rope that it crosses at right angles, [old p.p. of
enamelled c. like leather cut coat according to ; cleave 1 as showing parallel separate lines]
,

c, adapt expenditure to resources profession ; eld'ver, n. Kinds of trefoil used for fodder
as shown by clothes, esp. clerical (respect due (be, live, in c, in ease & luxury). [OE cldfre cf.
to his c. also the c, clergy) c.-b hiding, cover
; ; Du. klaver, G klee]
of book in cotton c. (Hist.) c.-yard shaft, ; clown, n. Rustic ; ignorant or ill-bred man,
arrow a yard long. [OE clath (earliest sense a whence elowniSH * a., clownishLY 2 adv.,
c.) cf. G k'eid, prob. f. cli- stick cf. clay] elownishNESS n. ; pantomime
jester, esp. in
clothe (-odh), v.t. (clothed or clad). Provide or circus, whence elownERY(4) n. [prob.
with clothes, put clothes upon cover like or as ; cogn. w. clot, & — lump cf. Icel. clunni]
;

with clothes or a cloth (leaves c trees clothed ; cloy, v.t. Satiate, weary, by richness, sweet-
with righteousness, with plantations; body ness, sameness, excess, of food or pleasure (usu.
clothes soul also c. face xn smiles, ideas in
; with), [f. obs. accloy choke (put nail into) f. OP
words). Hence elo'thiNG J (4)n. [OE clathian, encloyer (AC-) f. LL
is(clavare f. L clavus nail)]
whence clothe, & cl&than, whence clad, f. cldth club l, Stick with one thick end as
n. 1.
cloth cf. G kleiden]
; weapon (Indian cc, pair swung to develop
clothes (-6z, -odhz), n. pi. "Wearing-apparel muscles c.-law, rule by physical force) kinds
; ;

bed -c. linen &c. to be washed (c.-bag, -basket,

J
; of stick used in games, esp. golf structure or ;

for conveying this ; c.-horse, for airing it on organ in Bot. &c with knob at end c-foot(ed), ;

c.-line, -post, -prop, -peg, rope, supports of rope, (with) congenitally distorted foot c.-moss, kind ;

wooden clips on rope, for drying it after wash- with upright spikes of spore-cases c.-root, dis- ;

ing) c.-brush; c.-moth, destructive to c. ; c-

; ease of turnips &c playing-card of suit bear- ;

press, cupboard with shelves for c. (old-)c- ; ing black trefoil (cc, the suit). 2. Association
man, dealer in usu. old c. [the orig. pi. of cloth, of persons united by some common interest
cloths being modern] meeting periodically for co-operation (Alpine,
elo'thier (-odh-), n. Maker of cloth dealer ; golf, yacht, benefit, c.) or conviviality; body
in cloth or clothes, [orig. clother, see -er 1 ] of persons with cooptation by ballot combined
cloud (-owd), n., v.t. i. (Mass of) visible & & for social purposes & having premises (c-house)
condensed watery vapour (see cirrus, cumu- for resort, meals, temporary residence, &c (c-
lus, nimbus, stratus) floating high above land, St James's in London, where cc. cluster),
general level of ground (c.-drift, c. in motion ;
whence cIu'Ddom n., elu'DLESS a. [ME clubbe
c.-rack, pile of broken cc. c.-burst, violent rain- ; perh. f. OX clubba by assim. f. clumba = clump;
storm c.-capped, of hill with top veiled in c.
; ; sense 2 prob. = knot of persons]
escape, picture, picturesque grouping, of cc; club 2, v.t. & i. Beat with c; use butt of
c.-kissing, of high hill or building) unsubstan- ; (gun) as c bring, come, into a mass contri-
; ;

tial or fleeting thing mass of smoke or dust ; bute (money, ideas) to common stock (intr.) ;

(c.-compcller, smoker, facet, use of Greek epithet combine together, with, for joint action, making
of Zeus) local dimness or vague patch of colour
; up a sum, &c (Mil.) get (one's men) into a con-
:

in or on liquid or transparent body great num- ; fused mass. [f. prec]

ber of birds, insects, horsemen, arrows, moving clu'bbable, a. Fit for membership of a club.
together light woollen scarf obscurity (under
; ; [club 1
, -able]
c. of night a c. of words) in the cc. mystical,
; ; club-haul, v.t. Tack (ship, orabs.) by an-
unreal, imaginary, (so c.-castle, daydream; c- choring & cutting cable, as device for getting
ZawZ,c.-worZd,utopia.fairyland) state of gloom, ; offlee-shore when there is not room to wear. [?]
trouble, suspicion, louring or depressed look, cluck, n., & v.i. (Make) guttural cry of hen.
(c. on brow under a c, out of favour, discre-
; [cf. obs. & dial, clock (OE cloccian) imit.] ;

dited) cloudberry, mountain shrub with white

; clue Fact or principle that serves as
(-oo), n.
flower & orange-coloured fruit; henee elou'd- guide, or suggests a line of inquiry, in any pro-
less a. clou'dlessL y 2 adv. .eloirdlessNESs,
, blem, investigation, or study thread of story, ;

elou'dLET, nn., elou'dv 2 a., elou'diLY 2 train of thought (also rarely in other senses
;

adv., clou'diNESS n., eloirdwARD(s) adv. of) clew. Hence clue'LESS a. [ = clew]
(Vb) overspread, darken, with cc, gloom, or elu'mber, n. Kind of spaniel. [C. in Notts.]
trouble variegate with vague patches of col-
; clump, n., &
Cluster of trees or
v.i. & t.
our become overcast or gloomy (c. up, over).
; shrubs (usu. of); (also c.-sole) extra thickness
[prob. f. OE chid, meaning, &cogn. w.,clod] of leather added to sole, usu. nailed on. (Vb)
cloug'h (-uf), n. Ravine, steep valley usu. tread heavily heap or plant together provide
; ;

with torrent bed. [cf. G klinge] (boot) with c [cf. G khimpen, Du. klomp, ON
clout (-owt), n., & v.t. (archaic & dial.). Patch clumba & clubba club]
 ; ;

CLUMSY 155 COAT

clu'msy (-zi), a. Awkward in movement or agulate adj. f. L coagulare f. coagulum n. f.
shape, ungainly; ill-contrived; without tact. co(agere bring) usu. cogere collect -ate 2 3] ; .

Hence elu'msiLY 2 adv., clirmsiNESS n. If. coai'ta (koi-), n. Small S.-Amer. monkey
obs. clumse be with coldstiffcf. Norw. ; (Red-faced Spider-monkey), [f. Braz. coatd]
klumsa paralyse, & clem, clammy] coal, n., & v.t. & i. Hard opaque black or
clunch (-tsh), n. Soft white limestone used blackish mineral of carbonized vegetable mat-
for internal carving- work. Iperh. var. of clump, ter found in seams or strata below earth's sur-
cf. bump bunch, hump hunch] face & used as fuel & in manufacture of gas,
clung*. See cling. tar, &c. ready for supplying
(cc, pieces of it
clu'ster, n., & v.t. & i. Group of similar fire ; chief kinds, anthracite, bituminous,
things, esp. such as grow together, bunch ;
lignite; heap cc. of fire, return good for evil,
swarm, group, of persons, animals, &c. (vb) ; cf.Rom. xii. 20 blow the cc, fan flame of passion
;

bring or come into, be in, a c. or cc. (clustered &c. haul, call, over the cc, reprimand; cc to
;

columns, pillars, shafts, several close together, Newcastle, superfluous action) c-bed, -seam, ;

or disposed round or half detached from pier). stratum of c. c-black, quite c-box, -scuttle,
; ;

[OE clyster prob. cogn. w. clot] (vulg.) -vase, receptacle for c. to supply room
clutch \ v.t. & i. Seize eagerly, grasp tight- fire (c-scuttle bonnet, with front projection as
ly snatch at. [OE clyccean f. OTeut. (foil.)]
; of inverted c.-box) c.-bunker; c.-dust, small ;

clutch 2, n. Tight grasp (pi.) grasping hands, ;

cc. c-factor, middleman between c. -owners &
;

cruel grasp; a grasping at; (Mech.) arrange- customers c-field, district with series of c.
;

ment for throwing working parts into or out strata c.-fish, black cod c.-flap, -plate, cover
; ;

of action, gripping-piece of crane. |ME cloke of c. -cellar opening in pavement c-gas, mixed ;

claw n. f. OTeut. kluk- cf. prec] gases extracted from c. & used for lighting &
clutch 3 , n. Set of eggs brood of chickens, ; heating c-heaver, man employed in moving
;

[earlier cletch f. deck to hatch (cf. bake batch) c.; c.-hole, small c-cellar c-master, -owner, ;

f. ON clekja] owner or lessee of c-mine or c-pit= colliery ;

elu'ttep, n., & v.i. (Bustle, run, with) con- c-measurc (geol.), series of rocks formed by
fused noise or movement, loss of self-possession, seams of c. & intervening strata; c-screen,
[var. of obs. clotter coagulate (clot, -er 5 )] frame for parting large from small cc. c.-tar, ;

cly'peus, n. Shield-like part of insect's head. tar extracted from bituminous c, & yielding
Hence elypeAL, clypeATE 2 elypelFORM, , paraffin, naphtha, benzene, creosote, & aniline
aa., clypeo- comb. form. [L,= shield] dyes; c.-tit, = coalmouse c-whipper, man, ;

CO-, pref. L short form of com- {cum prep, machine, raising c. from ship's hold hence ;

with), used in L only before vowels, h, gn, & (in coa'lLESS, coa'lY 2 aa. (Vb) put c. into (ship ,

the correct clas. form) n, but in E as living pref. &c.) take in supply of c. [OE col, cf. G kohle]
;

before any letter. (1) Prefixed to vbs, = with coalesce (koale's), v.i. Come together & form
other subjects (cooperate) or objects {co-adjust); one (of material or immaterial things) com- ;

to adjj. & advv.,= jointly, together, mutually, bine in a coalition (of statesmen, parties). So
(cocternally coadjacent); & to nouns, = joint,
, coale'scENCE n., eoale'seENT a. [f. L co(a-
mutual, (coheir, coequality). (2) In some math, lescere alit- grow f. alere nourish)]
words, short for compl°,ment, = cf th3 comple- '
eoall'tion, n. Union, fusion (Pol.) tempo- ;

ment 'complement o as cosine, c<>-dxh na-

', ', rary combination for special ends between
tion. In unfamiliar words, a hyphen or diaere- parties that retain distinctive principles. Hence
sis is used to indicate pronunciation, and the eoali*tioniST(l) n. [f. L coalitio (prec, -ion)]
threemethods (cooperate, co-operate, cooperate) coa'lmouse, cole-, n. Small dark-coloured
are employed arbitrarily. bird. [ME colmose f. OE colmdse (col coal +
edaeerva'tion, n. Heaping together, pile, mdse f. WG
maisa kinds of small bird)]
[f. L co(acervatio f. acervare f. acervus heap, eoa'ming' (ko-), n. Raised border round
see -ation)] hatches &c. of ship to keep out water. [?]
coach (-tsh), n., & v.i. & t. State carriage ;
coarse (kors), a. Common, inferior, (c. fish,
(also stage-c.) largefour-wheeled & usu. four- fare) rough, loose, or large, in texture, grain,
;

horsed close carriage with seats inside and on or features not delicate in perception, manner,
;

the roof carrying passengers at fixed rates & or taste, unrefined rude, uncivil, vulgar ob- ; ;

times Avith stoppages for meals & relays of scene (of language) c-fibred, -grained, lit. of ;

horses; hackney-c. mourning-c. ; slow-c.

; ;
things, also fig. of persons = without delicacy.
(official name for) railway carriage; (Naut.) Hence eoap'seLY 2 adv., coap'SEN 6 v.t. & i.,
room near stern of man-of-war private tutor ;
eoap'seNESS n., eoap'siSH (2) a. [f. phr. in ]

trainer of crew for boatrace drive c. <& six ; or of course = ordinary, cf. sense of mean
through Act of Parliament, stultify it c.-box, ; (average, low) & plain (ordinary, ugly)]
driver's seat c.-dog, = CARRiAGE-dogr c.-house,
; ; coast 1 , n. (Also sea-c) border of land near
outhouse for carriages coachman, driver of any
; sea, sea-shore; clear 1 c. (U.S. Canada) ; &
carriage, whence coa*chmansHiP(3) n.; hence toboggan slide (hence through coast 2 down-
; )

eoa*chFUL(2) n. (Vb) travel in, go by, stage-c. hill run on bicycle with feet up or still c- ;

(in the old coaching days) tutor, train, (pupil ; guard(sman), Admiralty c. police(man). Hence
for examination, crew for race) give hints to, ;
'coa'stWARD(s) adv., coa'stwiSE a. & adv.
prime with facts (intr.) read with tutor, [f. F
; &
IME OF coste (now cote) f. L costa rib, side]
coche f. Magyar kocsi adj. f. Kocs place-name] coast 2 , v.i. Sail along c, trade between
coa'djutor, n. Assistant, [f. OF coadjuteur ports on same c. slide down-hill on toboggan,;

f. L co(adjutorem f. ADjuvare -jut- help, -or 2 )] bicycle down-hill without pedalling, [f. OF
coa'dunate (-at), a. (physiol. & bot.). Con- costeier (now cotoyer) f. Rom. *costicarc as prec]
genially united, [f. L co(adunatus p.p. of coat, n., & v.t. Man's sleeved usu. cloth body
ADunare make one f. unus one)] garment (dress-c, with swallow tails for the
coa'g-ulate, v.t. & i. Change (t. & i.) from evening; c. -of mail frock-c. ; grcatc, out- ;

fluid to more or less solid state, clot, curdle, set, door, worn over another; red c, traditional
solidify. Hence or cogn. eoagnlA'TiON, eo- uniform of British soldier so redcoat, soldier ;

a*gulatOR 2 (2), eoa*g"ulANT(2), nn. [f. obs. co- c. of arms, herald's tabard, gentleman's heraldic

For compounds oi co- not given consult CO-

 ; ;

COATEE 156 COCK-A-HOOP

bearings or shield 'yC armour, blazonry, heral- ending spinal column in man ; analogous part
dic arms c.-card, now usu. court-, playing-card
; in birds &c Hence or cogn. coeey'geAL, a.,
with coated figure, king, queen, or knave trail ; eoeeygeo-, co*ccyg'(o)-, comb, forms. [L, f.

one's c. -tails, for some one to tread on, = seek Gk kokkux -ugos cuckoo (like its bill)]
to pick quarrel dust one's ft, beat him turn ; ; co'chin-ctii'na (kotsh-), n. a. &
(Fowl) of
one's ft, change sides, desert; wear the king's Cochin China breed.
ft, serve as soldier) woman's stout buttoned ; cochineal Dried bodies of
(ko"tshinel), n.
overcoat petticoat (archaic & dial. in litera-
;
; insect found on cactus in Mexico, used for
ture esp. in kilt one's cc.) covering compared ;
making scarlet dye & carmine, [f. F cochenille
to garment; beast's hair, fur, ; (Physiol.) &c f. It. cocciniglia {coccino f. L coccinum scarlet

investing membrane Sec. of organ ; skin, rind, robe f. coccum scarlet, orig. berry)]
husk, layer of bulb &c. ; covering of paint &c co'chlea (-k-), n. (pi. -leae). Spiral cavity of
laid on at once ; hence (-)eoatED 2 eoa'tLESS, ,
internal ear. [L,= snail]
aa. (Vb) put or (with paint Sec. as subj.) be cock 1 , n. 1. Male bird (alone of domestic
c. of paint, tin, &c, upon, (p.p.) covered over "fowl, as below, also of black-c. of other birds ;

with dust &c. [f. OF cote (now cotte petticoat) only when aided by context in comb, in bird- ;

f. med. L cotta cf. chozza (garment of) OHG names, as peacock, woodcoc/c, & prefixed ~
shaggy woollen stuff] male as c.-robin ; c-sparrow, male sparrow,
coatee*, n. Short-tailed (esp. mil.) coat, [-ee] small lively pugnacious person ; c. of the wood,
cda'ti (-ah-), n. American carnivorous mam- capercailye ; c. of the north, brambling c.-nest, ;

mal like civet racoon with long flexible & built by some cc, as wren, to roost in) male of ;

snout. [Braz. (cua cincture, tim nose)] domestic fowl (cock-a-doodle-doo, its crow,
eoa*tingr» n. Layer of paint &c. ; material child's name for c); game 1 -*?. ; c.-dt-bull story,
for coats, [-ixg 1 ] idle invention, incredible tale; c.-crow, -crow-
coax, v.t. & i. Persuade by blandishments ing, dawn ; c.-fighting, setting cc. to fight as
(to do, into doing or good temper &c. c. thing ; sport ; this beats c.-fighting, is inexpressibly
out of person) c. ; away, out, Sec, entice prac- ;
delightful ; live like fighting cc, on best of fare ;
tise wheedling. Hence eoa'XER 1
n. [ = fool that c wont fight, that plea, plan, will not do ;

vb f. obs. cokes fool n. perh. cogn. w. cockxev] c. lobster, male ; c.-shot, -shy, object set up to
coa'xal, -ial, a. (math.). Having common be thrown at with sticks, stones, &c, as for-
axis, [co-, axis, -al] merly cc. at Shrovetide, a throw at this ; cocks-
cob \ n. Male swan ; stout short - legged comb, crest of c, Yellow Rattle other plants, &
riding-horse, whence eo*bbv 2 a. (also c-nut)
; & see coxcomb ; cocksfoot, a pasture grass ;
large kind of hazel-nut roundish ; lump of coal cockshead, kinds of trefoil ; cockspur, cock's
&c. ; corx-c. [?] spur, gas-burner of same shape ; c. of the walk,
cob 2 , n. Composition of clay, gravel, & dominant person (so c. of the school among
straw, used for building walls. [?] boys) old c, familiar vocative. 2. Tapped
;

co'balt(-awlt), n. Reddish-grey metal similar spout, tap, (c.-metal, two parts copper to one of
in many respects to nickel deep-blue pigment ; lead) (not decent) penis; lever in gun raised
;

made from Hence eoba'ltic, co'balti*-

it. ready to be released by trigger (at half, full, -ft,
ferous, coba*ltous (chem.), aa., cobalto- of gun half-ready or ready to be let off) indi- :

comb. form. [G, prob. = kobold goblin of mines] cating-tongue of balance. [OE cocc, cf. F coq,
co'bble n., & v.t. (Also c-stone) water-worn
1
, LL coccus prob. imit. from its cluck ; sense 2
;

rounded stone of size used for paving (vb, pave perh. f. resemblance of tap to c.'s head & comb]
with these) (pi.) coals of this size. [cf. cob *]
; cock 2 , v.t. i. &
Erect, stick or stand up,
co'bble 2, v.t. Put together roughly mend, ; jauntily or defiantly (c. the ears, in attention ;
patch up, (esp. shoes), [etym. dub. foil, is ; c. one's nose, in contempt c. a snook ; c. one's
;

quoted a century earlier] eye, glance knowingly, wink) c. one's hat, set ;

eo'bblep, n. Mender of shoes clumsy work- ; it on aslant, also turn up the brim (cocked
man (often sherry c.) iced drink of wine, sugar,
; hat, formerly, with brim fixed so, now, brim-
lemon, sucked through straw (origin unknown ; less triangular hat pointed before, behind, &
from U.S.) ; c.'s wax, resinous substance used above, of various uniform costumes; knock
for waxing thread. [?] into a cocked hat, out of shape or recognition)
co*ble,:n. Flat-bottomed six-oared fishing-boat raise c. of (gun) in readiness for firing, [f. prec.
with lug-saiL [cf. ceubal, Bret, caubal]
eo'bra (de cape'llo) (dl), n. The venomous
W w. ref. to cock's comb, cro wing-attitude, &c]
cock 3 , n. Upward bend (of nose &c); sig-
Hooded Snake of India, with neck dilated like nificant turn (of eye); way of cocking hat;
hood under irritation. [Port. ; cobra f . L colubra cocked state of gun (see cock ]
). [f. prec]
snake, capello hood, = F chapeau] cock 4 , n., & v.t. (Heap hay, rarely corn,
eo'bweb, n. & Spider's network, material a. into) small conical heap(s) in the field, [cf.
of it, thread of this ; thing of flimsy texture (so Xorw. kok a heap, ON kokkr lump]
Wcockabo'ndy, Kind of
adj., thin, flimsy), subtle fanciful reasoning; n. fishing-fly. [f.
musty rubbish (esp. fig. as cc. of the lau; of coch a bon ddu red with black trunk]
antiquity ; blow away the cc, take an airing) cocka'de, Rosette &c worn
n. hat as in
entanglement, mesh. Hence co'bwebbED 2 badge of office or party or part of livery, esp. ,

eo'bwebbv aa., eo'bwebbERv(5l n. [obs. black leather rosette (badge of House of Han-
2 ,

cob spider is prob. f. cobweb but cf. Flem, cobbe, over) worn by servants of persons serving
;

coppe, spider] Crown. Hence eoeka'dED 2 a. [f. F coca rde

co'ea, n. (Leaves of) Bolivian shrub (chewed fern, of 16th-c coquard pert (coq cock 1 -ard)] ,

as stimulant). [Sp., f. Peru v. cuca] co'ck-a-hoo'p, a. & adv. Exultant(ly),

cocai'ne, n. Drug from coca producing local with boastful crowing, [orig. doubtful there ;

insensibility. Hence eoeai niZE(5) v.t.. eo- were inn-signs Hart, Swan, Cock, Sec, on the
#

eainizA'Tiox, eoeai*niSM(5), nn. •

[-ixe 5
] Hoop ; early quotations do not suggest the
eo'ecagee, n. A cider apple, cider from it. bird ; an explanation (1670) is that the spigot
Ir. cac a ghttdh goose dung (so coloured)]
[f. (cocA;) being, taken out and laid on hoop of
eo'eeyx (koks-), n. Small triangular bone barrel, the running of the ale produced jollity]

For compounds of co- not given consult CO-.

 . ;;

COCKAIGNE 157 COERCE

Cockaig~ne, -ayne, n. Imaginary land cocky - lee'ky, n. Scotch soup of cock
of idleness and luxury ;
(punningly w. ref. to boiled with leeks.
cockney) London, [f. OF coquaigne pern.
cockyo'lly bird, n. (Nursery phr. for) bird.
= cake-land (L coquere cook)] co'co, co'coa * (-ko), co'ker, n. (Also c.-nut,
eoek-a-lee'kie. =cocky-leekv. c.-tree, c.-nut-tree) tropical palm-tree c.-nut, ;

cockatoo*, n. Kinds of parrot with mov- its large ovate brown hard-shelled seed with
able crest, [f. Malay kakatua w. assim. to cock edible white lining enclosing whitish liquid j
]

eo*ekatpiee(-i-or-i), n. =basilisk. [f. OF co- (c.-nut milk), (slang) human head c.-nut mat- ;

catris f. L *calcatricem nom. -irtreader, transl. ting, made from fibre of nut's outer husk;
of Gk ikhneumon ichneumon (ikhneud trace)] double c.-nut, much larger two-lobed seed of
co'ckboat, n. Small ship's boat. [f. obs. Seychelles palm, [-a added f. confusion w.
cock cf. OF coque,
Du. hog, etym. dub.] foil. ; f. Port. & Sp. coco grimace coker chiefly ;

co'ckchafep n. Greyish-chestnut
(-tsha-), in commerc. use to avoid ambiguity]
beetle flying with loud whirring sound, [cock 1 co'coa 2 (-ko), n. Powder made from crushed
perh. expressing size or vigour + chafer] cacao seeds often with other ingredients drink ;

cocker , v.t. Indulge, pamper, coddle, (child,

1 made from this or from the seeds; c. bean,
invalid, &c. ; usu. up), [perh. f. obs. cock vb cacao seed c. nib, cotyledon of this c. powder,
; ;

in same sense, &

cf. etym. of cockney] kind of gunpowder, [corruption of cacao]
Co'eker 2, n. According to C, exact, correct. cocoo'n, n., &
case spun by
v.t. &
i. Silky
[E. C, famous teacher of arithmetic d. 1675] larva to protect it as chrysalis,
esp. that of
eo'ekerel, n. Young cock pugnacious ;
silkworm, whence cocoo*nERY(3) n. similar ;

youth, [dim. of cock *, cf. pickerel, mongrel] structure made by other animals (vb) form, ;

eo*ek-eyed, a. (slang). (oneself, thing &c.) in, c.

Squinting ; crooked,
[f. F. cocon wrap
set aslant, not level, dim. of coque shell]
[cock 2 ]
eo'ek-hopse, adv. (Also a-cock-horse, see cod, n. Large sea fish (also c.-Jish) c.-bank, ;

A 2 ) astride, mounted, [in 16th c. = toy horse] submarine bank frequented by it c.-liver oil, ;

eo'ckle 1 , n. (Also Corn-c.) purple-flowered used as medicine, [excl. E, etym. dub.]

plant growing among corn, esp. wheat disease co'ddle, v.t., & n. Treat as invalid, keep ;

of wheat turning grains black. [OE coccul from cold & exertion, feed up (n.) person who ; ;

excl. E. perh. f a L dim. of coccum berry]

; . coddles himself or others, [perh. = caudle]
eo'ckle , n. An edible bivalve; its shell;
2 code, n., & v.t. Systematic collection of
small shallow boat (also c.-shell, c.-boat) cc. of statutes, body of laws so arranged as to avoid ;

the heart, one's feelings (delight, warm, the cc. inconsistency & overlapping, whence ed'diFY
&c.) [f. F coquille shell f. L conchy lia pi. of L v.t., co'diflER 1 codiFiCA'TiON, nn. set of , ;

f. Gk kogkhulion dim. of kogkhe mussel] rules on any subject; prevalent morality of a

eo'ckle 3, v.i. & t. & n. (Make to) bulge, curl society or class (esp. c. of honour) system of
, ;

up, pucker; (n.) bulge or wrinkle in paper, mil. or nav. signals ; (Telegr.) set of words arbi-
glass, &c. [cf. F coquiller blister (of bread)] trarily representing others or sentences &c.
eo'ckle 4 , n. Radiating-stove for heating for brevity or secrecy ; (vb also codify) put ;

room. [perh. f. Du. kakel f. G kachel stove-tile] (message) into c. words. [F, f. L codex]
eo'ek-loft, n. Small upper loft. [?] co-declina*tion, n. (astr.). Complement of
co'ckney, n. & a. (Characteristic of a) native the declination, North-Polar distance. [co-(2)]
of London (usu. contemptuous, esp. c. accent). co'deine, n. Alkaloid in opium used as
Hence eo'ckneyDOM, cockney e*se, nn., hypnotic, [f. Gk kodeia poppy-head + -ine 5 ]
eo'ckneyFY v.t., eo'ckneyiSH 1 a., co'ck- co'cfex, n. (pi. -dices). Manuscript volume,
neyiSM(2, 4) n., eo*ekneyizE(3) v.t. & i. [ME esp. of ancient Bible or classical texts. [L,
coken-ey cock's egg (coken gen. pi., ey f. OE aeg) earlier caudex tree-trunk, tablet, book]
orig. sense prob. small or ill-shaped egg (still eo'dgrep, n. (colloq.). Fellow, buffer, queer
cock's egg in dial., cf. hahneneier) ; obs. & G old person, [perh. var. of cadger]
senses are 'child that sucketh long', 'one made ed'dieil, n. Supplementary addition, esp.
a wanton or nestle-cock of, townsman, the modifying or revoking will. So eodiei'llAR y x
limitation to London being later] a. [f. L codicillus
(usu. pi.) dim. of codex]
co'ckpit, n. Place made for cockfights eo'dling" 1, n. Small cod-fish. [-lingM2)J
arena of any struggle after part of man-of- ; co'dlinCg ) 2, n. Kinds of apple of long taper-
1

war's orlop deck, quarters of junior officers, ing shape ; cc.-&-cream, willow-herb, [earlier
used in action as hospital. querdling perh. f. Ir. cueirt apple -f -ling a
]
co'ckpoaeh, n. Nocturnal voracious dark- eo-eduea'tion, n. Education of boys & girls
brown beetle-like insect (also blackbeetle) in- together. Hence co-educa*tionAL a. [co-]
festing kitchens, [f. Sp. cucaracha etym. dub.] coeff i'eient, n. Joint agent or factor (Alg.) ;

cock-sure, a. Certain to happen, un- number placed before and multiplying another
doubtedly about to do quite convinced of, ;
quantity known or unknown (Physics) multi- ;

about self-confident, dogmatic, presumptuous,

; plier that measures some property (c. of fric-
whence coeksupe'NESS n. [cock 1 used in- tion, expansion, &c); differential c, quantity
tensively, sure] measuring rate of change of a function of any
cocksy, coxy, coxiness. = cocky &c. variable with respect to that variable, [co-]
co'cktail, n. & a., co*ckt ailed, a. (Horse) coe'liac (physiol.).
(se-), a. Of the belly, [f.
with docked tail, of racing stamp but not L f. Gk koiliakos (koilia belly f. koilos hollow)]
thorough -bred (person) placed above his birth
; eoe'l(o)- (se-), in sci. wds, f. Gk koilos hollow.
or breeding kind of beetle drink of spirit
; ; coe'n(o)- (se-) in comb = Gk koinos common.
with bitters, sugar, &c. (origin doubtful from ; coenobite (se-), ee'n-, n. Member of religi-
U.S.). [tail like that of cock, or that cocks up ;
ous community. Hence eoenobi'tic(AL) aa. r
sense half-bred f. docking of hunters & stage- coe*nobitiSM(3) n. [f. LL coenobita f. LL f.
cqach horses] Gkkoinobion convent (coeno-, bios life)]
eo'ck-up, n. (typog.). Initial letter much coe'qual, a. & n. (Archaic, theolog., or em-
taller than the rest, [cock 2 ] phatic, for) equal. Hence coequa'liTY (-kwol-)
eo'cky, eo'cksy, co'xy, a. Conceited, pert. n. , eoe'qualL y adv. 2 [co-]
Hence eo'ekiLY 2 co'xi-, adv., co'ckiNESS,
, eoep'ee, &
Forcibly constrain or impel
v.t. i.

co'xi-, n. [cock 1 - y 2 (person) into quiet, obedience, or any course

, ]
 J ; ;
;

COERCION 158 COHORT

(into, rarely to do, or abs.) use force, secure by ; cognac (ko'nyak), n. French brandy, prop,
force (a coerced obedience). Hence eoeP'ClBLE that distilled from C. wine, [place-name]
a. [f. L co(ercere ercit- = arcere shut up) co'grnate, a. & n. Descended from common
coep'eion (-shn), n. ControUing of voluntary ancestor (cf. agnate), akin in origin, nature,
agent or action by force government by force, ; or quality; a relative. (Philol.) of same lin-
esp. of Ireland by suspension of ordinary liber- guistic family representing same original
;

ties (C. Act, Bill, with such exceptional provi- word ; of parallel development in different
sions). Hence coep'cionAKV l a., eoep'eion- allied languages (father is c. with L pater, pa-
ist(2) n. &
a. [f. OF
cohercion f. L coerc(i)tionem ternal is derived from it) a c. word (Gram.) ; ;

(COERCE, -ION)] c. object or accusative, one of kindred meaning

eoep'eive, a. Of, acting by, exercising, coer- to vb, used adverbially, not as true object (in
cion. Hence coep'civeLY 2 adv., coer'eive- die the death, death is c, in he slew death it is
ness n. [irreg. f. coerce + -ive] object). Hence eo'grnateNESS n. [f. L co(gna-
edesse'ntial, a. Of the same substance or tus born usu. natus f. gn-, gen-, gon-, beget]
essence, [co-] cogria'tion, n. Cognate relationship, now
coeta'neous, a. = coeval a. [f. LL co(ae- esp. in philology, [f. L cognatio (prec, -ion)]
taneus f. L aetas age) + -ous] eognPtion, Action or faculty of
n. (philos.).
coetep'nal, a. Alike eternal. So coetep*- knowing, perceiving, conceiving, as opposed to
nalLV 2 adv. [co-] emotion & volition a perception, sensation,
;

ede'val, a. & n. (Person) of same date of notion, or intuition. So eognPtionAL, co'g-

origin, of same age, existing at same epoch, of nitiVE, aa. L
cognitio f. co(gwoscere -gnit-
[f.
same duration. Hence coeva'liTY n., coe*- apprehend f. gno- know, usu. noscere)]
valLY 2 adv. [f. L co(aevus f. aevian age)] edg'nizable (also ko'g-), a. Perceptible
co-exe'cutop, oo-exe'cutpix, nn. Joint recognizable ; within the jurisdiction of a court
executor, executrix. [co-J &c. Hence cog"nizabLY 2 adv. [f. foil. + -able]
coexi'st, v.i. Exist together or with. So cog'nizance (also ko'g-), n. Being aware,
coexi'stENT a., eoexi'stENCE n. [co-] notice, sphere of observation, (have c. of, know,
coexte'nsive, a. Extending over same esp. in a legitimate or official way ; take c. of,
space or time, [co-] attend to, not allow to go unobserved ; fall
cd'ffee, n. Drink made from seeds of a shrub within, be beyond, one's c, of things that fairly
roasted & ground light meal with c, c. as final
; concern, do not concern, one) (right of) dealing ;

course at dinner; the shrub, its seeds raw, with a matter legally or judicially (with phrr.
roasted, or ground c.-bean, the seed c.-cup,
; ; as above in legal sense) ; distinctive mark, as
of special shape or size c.-grounds, sediment ; crest, coat of arms, badge, [f. OF conls(s)ance
after infusion c.-house, refreshment house
; var. of conoissance f. L coynoscent- part. st. of
e.-mill, for grinding seeds c.-pot, for making ; cognoscere see cognition, -ance ; -z- (cf. the
or serving c. in; c.-room, public dining-room later cognize) due to confusion w. -ize]
of hotel ;c.-tavern, temperance refreshment cog"nizant (also ko'g-), a. Having know-
house, [f. Turk. f. Arab, qahweh the drink] ledge, being aware, of', (Philos.) having.'cogni-
ed'ffep, n. Box, esp. for valuables (pi.) ; tion. [f. prec, see -ant]
treasury, funds; sunk panel in ceiling &c. c- ; eognPze (kog-), v.t. (philos.). Have cognition
dam, water-tight case in bridge -building, of. [on anal, of cognizance & recognize & of
caisson, [f. OF cofre f. L f. Gk. kopfunos basket vbs rightly ending in -ize]
cf. order, F ordre, L ordinem] cogno'men, n. Nickname surname name ; ;

cd'ffln, n., & v.t. Chest in which corpse is (Rom. Ant.) third or family name, as Cicero,
buried drive nail into one's c, hasten his,
; Caesar, or fourth name or personal epithet, as
one's, death by annoyance, intemperance, &c; Africanus. [L, co-, (g)nomen name f. st. of
unsea worthy ship horse's hoof below coronet
; (g)noscere know]
(c.-bone, last phalangeal bone of foot; c.-joint, cogrio'scible, a. Capable of being known
at top of hoof) c- plate, of metal in lid with
; (esp. philos.). Lf. L cognoscere see cognition
deceased's name &c. hence eo'fflnLESS a. ; + -ible]
(Vb) put in c, store away (e. g. books) inac- cogno'vit, n. (legal). Defendant's acknow-
cessibly, [f. OF cofin f. L as prec] ledgment, to save expense, that plaintiffs cause
co'ffle, n. Train of beasts, slaves, &c, fas- is just. [I/, =he has acknowledged]
tened together, [f. Arab, qafilah caravan] coha'bit, v.i. Live together, esp. as husband
cog 1 , n. One of series of projections on edge & wife (usu. of persons not married). So co-
of wheel or side of bar transferring motion by habitA'TiON n. [f. F cohabiter f. L co(habitare
engaging with another series hunting c, extra ; dwell frequent, of habere holdj]
c. on one wheel &c. securing constant variation coheip*, coheip'ess (koar-), nn. Male,
in the cc. engaged c.-wtteel, with cc. Hence
; female, joint heir, [co-]
eo*g'g'ED 2 a. [cf. Sw. kugge, Norw. kug\ cohere', v.i. Stick together, remain united,
cog 2, v.t. C. dice, fraudulently control the (of parts or whole) be consistent, well knit, (of
;

way they fall (cogged dice for loaded dice is a arguments, &c). [f. L cohaerere -haes-]
style,
mistake of modern archaists). [?1 cohep'ent, a. Cohering; consistent, easily
c6*g"ent, a. Forcible, convincing, (of argu- followed, not rambling or inconsequent, (of
ment, &, usu. now playfully as though by argument, narration, &c). So cohep'ENCE,
transf. from this, of motive, compulsion, &c). cohep'ENCY, nn., eohep'entLY 2 adv. [f. F
Hence eo*g"ENCY n., eo'g-entLY 2 adv. [F, f. coherent f. L (prec, -ent)]
L cogere = co(agere drive), -ent] eohe'pitop, n. = coheir, [co-]
ed'gitable, a. Able to be grasped by reason, cohe'sion (-zhn), n. Sticking together, force
conceivable, [f. L. cogitabilis (foil., -able)] with which molecules cohere ; tendency to re-
ed'gitate, v.i. &
Ponder, meditate de- main united. Soeohe'sivE a., cohe'siveLY 2
t. ;

vise; (Philos.) form conception of. Hence or adv., cohe'siveNESS n. [f. F cohesion (L co-
cogn. cogitA TiON n., eo'gitATivE a., eo'gl- haes- see cohere, -ion)]
-

tativeLY adv., eo'gritativeNESS n. [f. L eo'hopt, n. Division of Roman army band

2 ;

cogitare-co(agitare agitate) think, -ate s ] of warriors persons banded together, [f. F ;

For compounds of co- not given consult co-.

 ;

COIF 159 COLLAR

cohorte f.L cohortem nom. -ors (co-, hort- en- co'lehicum (-kl-), n. Meadow-saffron drug ;

close, cf. L hortus garden, E garth, garden)] extracted from it used for gout. [L, f. Gk
coif, n. (hist.). Close cap covering top, back, kolkhikon neut. adj. (Kolkhis on Black Sea, -ic)]
and sides, of head serjeant-at-law's ; white cap. eo'leothar, n. Red peroxide of iron used in
[f. OF coife perh. f. kupfe] MHG polishing glass &c. [f. Arab, qolqotar]
coiffeur (kwahfer'), n. Hair-dresser. [F] cold , a. Of low temperature, esp. when
1
'

coiffure (kwahfoor*, or as F), n. Way one's compared with human body or with that usual
hair is dressed. in things like the one in question (ice, key,
coign (koin), n. C. of vantage, place affording stone, -ft, as these; c.-blooded, of fish & rep-
c.
good view of something, [old form of coin, tiles, also of sluggish persons, & see below
fig. ;
quoin, preserved by Macb. I. vi. 7] c.-livered, unemotional; c. steel, sword, bayonet,
coil 1 , &
Dispose (rope &c.) in concen-
v.t. i. &c, opposed to fire-arms) not heated or having ;

tric rings twist (t. & i., often up) into circular
; cooled after heat (c. water throw c. water on ;

or spiral shape move sinuously, [perh. = F

; plan, discourage it; c. in death or c, dead;
cueillir f. L coh(ligere-legere gather)] c.-pig, water thrown on sleeper to wake him,
2
coil , n. Length of coiled rope, spring, &c. also as v.t. c.-hammer, work metal in c. state ;
;

arrangement, thing arranged, in concentric c. -chisel c. without, c. sugarless spirit

; &
circles single turn of coiled thing, e. g. snake
; water c. meat c. shoulder, of roast mutton,
; ;

lock of hair twisted & coiled wire, piping, &c, ; give the c. s. to, entertain poorly, show distaste
in circles or symmetric curves (Electr.) spiral ; for company of, also c.-s. as v.t. in c. blood, ;

wire for passage of current, [f. prec.] without the excuse of heat or excitement, of
coil 3, n. (archaic & poet.). Disturbance, much cruelty &c., whence coldbloodED 2 a., cold-
ado, noise, (thus mortal ft, turmoil of life). [?] bloo'dedNESS n.) feeling c. slow to absorb ; ;

coin 1 , n. Piece of metal made into money heat (of clayey soil) without ardour, friendli- ;

by official stamp metal money money false ; ; ; ness, or affection, undemonstrative, apathetic,
&, imitation in base metal &c, (fig.) anything (so cold-heartED 2 a., eold-heap'tedNESs
spurious; pay one in his own ft, give tit for n., cold-heap'tedLY 2 adv. idea leaves one ;

tat. Hence eoi'nLESS a. [F, = wedge, corner ft, unmoved, not impressed) chilling, depres- ;

(cf. coign, quoin), stamping-die, f. L cuneus] sing, uninteresting, (c. comfort, counsel, news) ;
coin 2 , v.t. Make (money) by stamping metal faint (of scent in hunting) ; c. colours, blue,
(c. money, get money fast) make (metal) into ; grey, &c, opp. red, yellow, &c. ; c.-draxen
money make money by means of (one's brains
; castor oil ; c. coil, tube coiled round inflamed
&c.) invent, fabricate, (esp. new word), [f. OF
; part with c. water running in it c. blast, of c. ;

coignier f. coin see prec] air forced into furnace c. cream. Hence ;

coi'nage, n. Coining coins system of ; ; eo ldiSH (2) a., eo'ldLV 2 adv., co'ldNESs n.
, 1

coins in use (decimal ft, in which each value is [OE cald, com.-Teut. cf. G kalt, cogn. w. L gel-)
ten times the next below) fabrication (the c. ; cold 2 n. Prevalence in atmosphere, or rarely
,

of one's brain), invention, coined word. [f. in any object, of low temperature (left out in
OF coignaige see prec, -age] the c, not looked after) ; inflamed state of
cdirici'de, v.i. Occupy same portion of mucous membrane, with hoarseness, running
space occur at and occupy same time agree
; ; at nose, sore throat, &c. (catch 1 ft). Hence
together or with concur in opinion &c. [r. F; co'ldPROOF a. [OE cald neut. adj. see prec]
co'incider f. med. L co-iN(culere = cadere fall)] co'ld-shopt, a. Brittle in its cold state (of
coincidence, n. (Instance of) being coin- iron), [f. Scand. (Da. kold-skjor) skor brittle
cident ; notable concurrence of events or cir- w. assim. to short as in shortbread]
cumstances without apparent causal connex- cole, n. (Old name, now rare exc. in comb.,
ion. [F, see foil., -ence] for) kinds of cabbage &c, as Rape, Sea-Kale ;
coincident, a. Coinciding. Hence eoi'n- c.-seed, plant from which colza oil is got. [f. L
cidentLY 2 adv. [F, see coincide, -ent] caidis stem, cabbage]
coincidental, a. Of the nature of (a) coin- c 61 eo*p t erou s, a. Of the order of Coleoptera
cidence, [f. prec. + -al] or beetles, with front wings converted into
coi'ner, In vbl senses; esp., maker of
n. sheaths for hinder, [f. Gk koleopteros (koleon
counterfeit coin, [coin 2 + -er J ] sheath, pteron wing) + -ous]
coi nstanta'neous, a. Exactly at the same co'lic, n. Severe griping pains in belly. Hence
moment, [co-] eo'lickY 2 a. [f. F colique f. L f. Gk kolikos
coir, n. Coco-nut fibre, used for ropes, mat- (colon \ -ic)]
&c. [f. Malayalam kayar cord]
ting_, colla'bopate, v.i. Work in combination
coi'tion, n. Sexual copulation, [f. L coitio (with, or abs.) esp. at literary or artistic pro-
f co(ire
. it- go)] duction. So eollaboPATioN, colla'bopa-
coke, n., & v.t. (Convert' coal into) solid tOR 2 nn. [f.
, L col
labour 2 ), -ate 3 ](laborare
•substance left when volatile parts have been colla'pse, &
(Undergo, experience,
n., v.i.
distilled from coal. [prob. f. obs. colk core cf. a) falling in, sudden shrinking together, giving
OFris. & LG kolk hole] way, prostration by loss of nervous or muscular
col, n. Depression in mountain-chain. [F, = power, breakdown of mental energy, loss of
neck, col, f. L collum neck] courage. Hence colla , psED 1 (2) a. [(n. f. L
col-, form taken by com- before I. collapsus -us) f. coUlabi laps- slip)]
co'la, k-, n. W.-Afr. tree; (also c.-nut, colla'psible, -able, a. So made as to col-
-seed), its seed, used as condiment, tonic, and lapse when required for packing &c. [-ble]
antidote to alcohol. [W.-Afr.] eo'UaP 1 , n. Neckband, upright or turned
eo'lander (ku), eu'llender, n., & v.t. over, of coat, dress, shirt, &c. ; band of linen,
(Pass through a) perforated vessel used as lace, &c., completing upper part of costume:
strainer in cookery similar appliance for cast- ; neck-chain of order of knighthood c. of SS or ;
ing shot, [corruption of med.L colatorium esses, formerly badge of House of Lancaster,
{colare strain, -ory)] still in some officials' costume leather or metal ;
eo-la*titude, Complement
band round dog's or prisoner's neck roll round
n. (astr.). of lati-
tude, difference between & 90°.
horse's neck bearing weight of draught (c-
it [co-(2)]
;

eolea'nnon, n. Irish dish of cabbage and harness, opp. breast ^-harness c.-work, hard ;
potatoes pounded and stewed. [?] pulling esp. up hill, & fig. of severe effort, so
 ;;; ;

COLLAR 160 COLLOGUE

also against the c.) restraining or connecting
; leetiveLY 2 adv., eollecti'viTY n. [f. L col-
band, ring, pipe, in machines &c. arrange- ; lectivus (as prec, -ive)]
ment connecting several fishing-flies ; coloured collector, One who
collects (specimens,
n.
stripe round animal's neck; piece of meat, curiosities, railway tickets at station, money
brawn, fish, tied in roll c.-bone, joining breast-
; due, esp. taxes, rent, &
subscriptions) ; collect-
bone & shoulder-blade, clavicle. Hence (-)eo*l- ing-apparatus in various machines; (I.C.S.)
laPED co'llaPLESS, aa. Lf. OF colier f. L
2, chief official of district collecting revenue &
collare (collum neck, -ar 1 )] holding magisterial powers, whence (office &
eo'llap , v.t. Seize (person) by the c, capture
2 district) coflectoPATE 1n. Hence eollee-
(Footb.) lay hold of and stop (opponent holding toPSHip n. [med. L, as prec. + -or 2 ]
ball); (slang) appropriate; press (meat &c.) eo'llege (-ij), n. Body of colleagues with com-
into roll. [f. prec] mon functions & privileges (Sacred C, c. of
c611ape*t(te), n. Woman's collar of lace, cardinals, the Pope's council of 70 Herald's ;

fur, &c. [f. F collerette (collier collar 1 -ette)] , C. or C. of Anns C. of Physicians, Preceptors,
;

eolla'te, v.t. Compare in detail (copies of &c.) independent corporation of scholars in

;

text or document, one copy with another) university, usu. with master, fellows, scholars,
(Bookbinding) verify order of (sheets) by signa- & students not on foundation similar founda- ;

tures ; appoint (clergyman) to benefice (only of tion outside university (as Eton, Dulwich)
the Ordinary). So eolla'tOR 2 n. [f. L col- small degree-giving university institution for ;

(lat- |>.p. st. oiferre bring)) higher education affiliated to university place ;

colla'teral, a. n. &
Side by side, parallel of professional study (army, naval, of agricul-
subordinate but from same source or contri- ture, &c.) large public secondary school (Marl-
;

butory, connected but aside from main subject, borough); (pretentious name for) private school;
course, &c. ; of common descent but by diffe- buildings of any of these c. living, benefice in ;

rent line (so as noun = c. kinsman). Hence gift of a c. c.-pudding, small plum-pudding for
;

eolla'teralLY 2 adv. [f. med. L coi.(lateralis one person. Hence eollegiAL a. [f. OF col-
f. latiis -eris side)] lege f. L collegium (collega colleague)]
colla'tion, n. In vbl senses of collate ; ecllegep, n. One of seventy foundation
also : (R.-C. Ch.) light repast in evening of fast- scholars at Eton, [-er *]
day ; light meal (usu. cold c.) often at ex- collegian, n. Member of a college, [-an]
ceptional time. [OF, f. L collationem (collate, collegiate l (-at), a. Constituted as, belong-
-ion) sense repast from Benedictine monastery
; ing to, a college or body of colleagues, ^corpor-
readings of Lives of the Fathers (collationes ate \ c. church, endowed for chapter but with no
patrum collatio also of the reading & debate
; see^ (Sc. & U.S.) under joint pastorate c. school, ;

on it) followed by light repast] of high pretensions. Hence colle'giateLY 2

eoileague (-eg), n. One of two or more adv. [f. L collegiatus (college, -ate 2 )]
holders of joint office (usu. with my Sec), [f. F collegiate 2 , v.t. Make c. [as prec, -ate 3]
collegue f. L coi,(lega f. legere choose)] co'llet, n. Encompassing band, ferrule, sock-
'co'llect l , n. Short prayer of Common Prayer et, flange holding gem, bezel. [F, dim. of col]
Book, esp. one of those appropriated to days or colli'de, v.i. Come into collision; be in con-
seasons &
read before Epistle & in morning flict, [f. L co\.(lidere lis- = laedere hurt)]
& evening prayer, [f. F collecte2 t L collecta co'llie, -y, n. Scotch sheep-dog. [cf. obs. adj'.
fern. p.p. of colligere collect orig. sense ; colly = coaly perh. as orig. black]
;

perh. summing up (of thought appropriate to cd'lliep, n. Coal-miner, whence co*lliERY(3)

occasion) for noun use of p.p. cf. e. g. army]
; n. ; coal-ship ; sailor on this, [coal, -ier]
collect 2 v.t. & i. Assemble, accumulate, co'lligate, v.t. Bring into connexion (esp.
,

bring or come together get (taxes, contribu- isolatedfacts by a generalization). SocolligA*-

;

tions) from a number of people secure (speci- tion n. [f. L coUligare bind), see -ate 3
; ]
mens, books, &c.) for addition to a set ; regain co'llimate, v.t. Adjust
line of sight of (tele-
control of, concentrate, recover, (oneself, one's scope &c), make parallel (telescopes, rays).
thoughts, energies, courage collected, not dis- ; Hence eollimA'TlON n. [collimare false read-
tracted, cool, whence eofiectedLY 2 adv. c. ; ing in Cicero for C0L(li7ieare f. linea line)]
a horse, keep him in hand, not let him sprawl) ecllimatop, n. Small attached telescope
infer, gather, conclude. Hence eolleetABLE, for collimating an instrument tube ; in spectro-
-ible, a. [f. obs. collect adj. f. L collectus p.p. scope throwing parallel rays on prism. [-OR 2 ]
of QOiAligere-legere pick)] colli'neap, a. In same straight line, [col-]
cof/ecta'nea, n. pi. Collected passages, colli'sion (-izhn).n. Dashing together, violent
miscellany. [L, neut. pi. adj.] encounter of moving body, esp. ship or railway
collection, n. Collecting collecting of ; train, with another (fig.) harsh combination ;

money, money collected, at meeting or Church (of consonants) /clashing of opposed interests
service for charitable or religious purpose ; &c. (esp. inc., come intoc. with); (Naut.) c.-mat,
accumulation of water, dust, &c. group of ; ready for putting over hole made by c. [f. L
things collected & belonging together (literary COllisio (COLLIDE, -ION)]
materials, specimens, works of art, &c.) (pi.) ; eo'llocate, v.t. Place together arrange ; ;

college terminal examination at Oxford &c. station, set in particular place. So eolloc ac-
[OF, f. L collectionevi (collect -ion)]
2 , tion n. [f. L coL(Zocare f. locus place) station]
collective, a. & n. Formed by, constituting celloeutop, n. Partaker in talk, as my c.
a, collection, taken as a whole, aggregate, (c. said. col(Zoqiu locut- talk), -or 2]
[LL, f.
fruit, resulting from many flowers, as mul- eolld'dion, n. Solution of gun-cotton in ether
berry) of, from, many individuals, common,
; filming when exposed, used in photography &
(c. note, signed by several States c. ownership, ; surgery. Hence collo'dionED 2 a., eollo*-
of land, means of production, &c, by all for dioniZE(o) v.t., eollodio- comb. form. [f. Gk
benefit of all, whence eolle'ctiviSM, col- kollodes (kolla glue, -ode)]
le'ctiviST, nn.); (Gram. & Log.) c. noun, c. eollegue (-og), v.i. Talk confidentially (with
idea, or c, used in sing, to express many suggestion of plotting, an obs. sense), [cf. F col-
individuals, as cattle, troop, duck. Hence col- logue conference, & obs. colleague vb plot]

For compounds of co- not given consult CO-.

 ;
;

COLLOID 161 COLT

co'lloid, a. &
Gluey (substance); (Path.)
n. esp. variegated, colour of living or other things.
c. tissue &c., degenerated, into homogeneous [F, f. L color are colour 2 -ation] ,

gelatinous consistency (also c, such substance); eolopi'fic, Producing colour; highlv co-
a.
(Chem.) (substance) in non-crystalline solid loured. _ [f. F colorijique (colour i, -i-, -fic))
state. Hence colloi'dAL a. [GkfcoZ/aglue,-oiD] eoloprmetep, n. Instrument measuring in-
co'llop, n. Slice of meat (bibl.) fold of skin ; tensity of colour. [L color, -i-, -meter |

in fat person or animal, [f. 14th c, orig. sense colo'ssal, a. Of, like, a colossus gigantic, ;

fried ham and eggs, etym. dub.] huge ; G) remarkable, splendid, de-
(colloq., f.
eollo'quial, a. In or of talk, oral belonging ; lightful. Hence colo'ssalLY 2 adv. [foil. + -al]
to familiar speech, not used in formal or ele- colo'ssus, n. (pi. -I, -uses). Statue of much
vated language. Hence eollo*quialiSM(3, 4), more than life size gigantic person or personi-
;

collo'quialiST(l), nn., eollo'quialLY 8 adv. fied empire &c, esp. conceived (like C. of
[colloquy, -al] Rhodes) as standing astride over dominions.
co'lloquist, n. =collocutor. [foll.,-isT(D] [L, f. Gk kolossos]
eo'lloquy, n. Converse a conversation co'Ioup 1 (ku-), n. Sensation produced on eye
; ;

judicial and legislative court in Presbyterian by rays of decomposed light (cf. black, effect
Church, [f. L colloquium f. loqui speak)] produced by no light or by surface reflecting no
co'llotype, n. Thin plate of gelatine etched rays, & white, effect produced by rays of unde-
by actinic rays & then printed from (c. plate, composed light) a particular hue, one, or any ;

process, &c.)._ [f. Gk kolla glue + type] mixture, of constituents into which light de-
collu'de (-oo-, -u-), v.i. (archaic). Practise col- composes as in spectrum, including loosely
lusion, [f. L co_L(ludere lus- play)] black, white (accidental c. complementary ;

collu'sion (-oo-, -u-), n. Fraudulent secret un- c, that combined with given c. makes white
derstanding, esp. between ostensible opponents fundamental, primary, simple, cc, red, green,
as in law-suit. Hence eollu'siVE a, collu*- & violet, or with painters red, blue, & yellow,
siveLY 2 adv. [F, f. L collusionem (prec, -ion)] giving all others by mixture secondary c, mix- ;

eo'loeynth, n. Bitter-apple, gourd plant with ture of two primary c.-blind, unable to dis- ;

bitter-pulped fruit used as purgative drug the tinguish certain colours, see daltonism, also
;

drug. [f. L f. Gk kolokunthis] fig. in U.S., impartial between whites & blacks,
cd'lon \ n. (anat.). Greater part of larger in- whence eo'loup-blindNESS n. man, woman, ) ;

testine, from caecum to rectum. Hence eo- &c, of c, of non-^vhite race, esp. negro ruddi- ;

loniTis n. [L, f. Gk kolon] ness of face (los4, gain, c. change c, turn pale ;

cd'lon 2 n. Punctuation-mark (:) ranking or red) appearance, light, {paint in bright,

, ;

between period and semicolon, & used esp. to dark, cc; see in its true cc; put false cc upon);
mark antithesis, illustration, or (often with (Art) colouring, c. -system, -perception, effect as
dash : — ) quotation. [L, f. Gk A:o7o?ilimb, clause] of c. got bylight and shade in engraving, whence
colonel(ker'nl), n. Highest regimental officer. eo*loupisT(3) n., eoloupi'stic a.; pigment,
Hence colonelCY n. [corrected f. coronet f. F paint, (c.-box, of assorted artists' paints ; water
coronnel f. It. colonnello (colonna column)] cc ; Ci-man, dealer in paints). (PI.) coloured
colonelship, n. Being a colonel (cf. colonel- ribbon, dress, &c, worn as symbol of party,
cy, ordinary word for the office), [-ship] membership of club, &c. (get one's, give one his,
colo'nial, a. & n. (Inhabitant) of a colony, cc, of inclusion in athletic team ; show one's cc,
esp. of a British self-governing or Crown Colony; one% party or character) ; flag of regiment or
C. Office, State department in charge of the ship (TROOPi'ngr of cc; come off with flying cc,
Colonies. Hence colo*nialiSM(2, 4) n., eolo*- win credit ; nail cc to mast, persist, refuse to
nialLY 2 adv. [f. L colonia colony + -al] Climb down ; c-sergeant, army sergeant with
co'lonist, n. Settler in, part-founder or in- duty of guarding cc.) ; coloured dresses. Show
habitant of, a colony, [colonize, -ist] of reason, pretext, false plea, (give no c for say-
cd'lonize, v.t. & i. Establish colony in es- ; ing; under c of); (Mus.) timbre, quality, also
tablish in a colony establish or join a colony.
; variety of expression; (Gen.) character, tone,
Hence eo'lonizATiON, eo'lonizER 1
, nn. [f. quality, mood, shade of meaning, (take one's c.
L colonus farmer (colere till) + -ize] from) ; (Literature) picturesqueness, ornate
colonna'de, n. Series of columns with en- style, (local c, use of details giving verisimili-
tablature row of trees. Hence eolonna'dED 2
; tude, background, or atmosphere), [f. OF color
a. [F (colonne column, -ade)] f. L colorem nom. -or]
ed'lony, n. (Gk hist. independent city found- eo'loup 2 (ku-), v.t. & i. Give c. to; paint,
)

ed by emigrants (Rom. hist.) settlement usu. stain, dye disguise misrepresent imbue with
; ; ; ;

of veterans in conquered territory acting as its own c. (motive colours act); take on c; blush;
garrison; settlement, settlers, in new country coloured person, wholly or partly negro, [f. OF
forming community fully or partly subject to colorer f. L colorare (color colour 1 )]
mother State their territory people of one colourable (ku-), a. Specious, plausible
; ;

nationality or occupation in a city, esp. if living counterfeit. Hence eo'loupabLY 2 adv. [f. OF
in a special quarter (so of animals.c. of sparrows colorable (as prec, -able)]
«Scc.) (Biol.) aggregate of animals as in coral,
; co*louping (ku-). n. In vbl senses esp., style ,

[f. L colonia (colonus farmer f. colere till)] in which thing is coloured, or in which artist
co'lophon, n. Tail-piece in old books, often employs colour, [-ing 1 ]
ornamental, giving information now placed on co'loupless, a. Without colour pale; dull- ;

title-page {from title-page to c, from cover to hued wanting in character or vividness neu- ; ;

cover). [LL, f. Gk kolophon summit] tral, impartial, indifferent. Hence eo'loup-

eold'phony, n. Dark resin distilled from lessLY 2 adv., eo'louplessNESS n. [-less]
turpentine & water. Hence colo'phonATE (3) eo'loupy (ku-), a. (commerc.). Having the 1

n.,coloph-, colophon-, comb, forms, [f. L colour that goes with good quality (of hops,
colophonia (resina resin) of Colophonin Lydia] coffee, &c). [-y 2 ]
coloqui'ntida, n. = colocynth. eolpopteup* (-ter; also ko*-), n. Book-
Cdlopa'do (-ah-) beetle, n. Yellow black- hawker, esp. one employed by Society to dis-
striped b. destructive to potatoes. [C. in U.S.] tribute Bibles. [F (colporter vb f. L collum.
eolo(u)pation (ku-, ko-), n. Colouring, me- neck, portare carry, -or 2 )]
thod of putting on or arranging colour natural, colt, n., & v.t. Young of horse from when it
;

F.D.
 ;;; = ;;;

COLUBRINE itfc COMB

is taken from dam to age of 4 (with thorough- co mbativeLY co'mbative n ess
# 2 adv., n.
breds 5) inexperienced person, esp. cricket
; [COMBAT v. -f -IVE]
professional in first season (Xaut.) rope used ; combe. See coomb.
for chastisement (vb, thrash with c.) coltsfoot, ; co'mber (-me?*), n. In vbl senses; esp.,
common large-leaved yellow-flowered weed machine for combing cotton or wool very fine ;
c.'s tail, ragged-edged cloud. Hence co'lt- = BEACH !-C. [-ER *]
hood n., eo'ltiSH * a. [?] combina'tion, n. Combining combined ;

co'lubrine, a. Snake-like esp., of, like, the ; state combined set of things or persons
;

coluber (genus of harmless snakes), [f. L colu- (Math., pi.) different collections possible of
brinus {coluber snake)] given number of individuals in groups of given
cd'lumbine l, n. Garden plant with flower smaller number; (Chem.) union of substances
like five clustered pigeons, [f. F colombine f. in compound with properties differing from
med. L coliunbina f. L columba dove, -ine l ] theirs; united action; (pi.) woman's or child's
Cd'lumbine 2, n. Mistress of Harlequin in close garment of chemise & drawers in one
pantomime, [f. It. Colombina character in c.-room, at Cambridge common i-room. [OF,
comedy, proper name f. L as prec] f. LL combinationem (combine, -ation)]
co'lumn (-i/m), n. (Arch. long vertical often ) combi'ne, v.t. & L, & n. Join together (per-
slightly tapering cylinder usu. supporting en- sons, or things material or other) possess ;

tablature or arch, or alone as monument, (fig.) (esp. qualities usu. separate) together; (cause to)
support; c. -shaped object, organ in Anat. or coalesce in one substance, form chemical com-
Bot., part of machine, &c (c. of water, mercury, pound cooperate (n.) combination of persons,
; ;

confined vertical cylindrical mass c. of smoke, ; esp. to raise prices or obstruct course of trade.
rising straight) ; vertical division of page for So eo-mbinatiYE a, [f. LL com (bmare f. bini
figures &c, or to reduce length of lines esp. in two together)]
newspapers (also part of newspaper, sometimes co'mbing" (-mi-), n. In vbl senses ; esp., (pi.)
more or less than c, devoted to special subject, hairs combed oft [-ing l ]
as agony c, advertisement cc. ; our cc, the cc. combu'stible, a. & n. (Matter, thing)
of The Times, contents of newspaper) ; narrow- capable of or used for burning excitable. ;

fronted deep arrangement of troops, esp. of Hence eombustiBiLiTY, n. [F, f. LL com-

regiment's companies behind each other body ; bustibilis f. L comburere -list- perh. = COM- +
of ships, esp. following one another. Hence urere burn (-6- unexplained)]
or cogn. colu'mnAR 1 eo'lumnED 2 (-itmd), ,(-ustshn), n. Destruction by combu'stion
eolirmniFORM, aa. [f. OF colompne f. L fire (spontaneous c). (Chem. &c) develop-
colunina (eel- whence celsus high)] ment of light & heat going with chemical com-
eolupe*, n. One of two great circles inter- bination oxidation of organic tissue. [OF, f. ;

secting rectangularly at poles dividing & LL combustionem (prec, -ion)]

equinoctial &
ecliptic into four equal parts, come (kum), v.i. (came, come). Start, move,
l

one passing through equinoctial, & one through arrive, towards or at a point, time, or result
solstitial, points of ecliptic, [f. L f. Gk kolouros (often not specified because obvious, while
truncated] point of departure, if it matters, is always
ed'lza, n. = coLE-seed c.-oil, made from it ; specified ; cf. go ; c. into world, be born ; c. to
& used in lamps. [F, f. LG colsdt coLE-seed] an end, cease ; c. short ; c. to a point, taper
com-, pref. L cum in comb., retained as
— c. to blows, fight ; c. home to, be realized by
com- before b, p, m, rarely before vowels, & c.& go, pass to &
fro, pay brief visit, be tran-
changed to cor- before r, col- before 1, co- before sitory ; light c. light go, what is easily won is
vowels, h, &
gn, & con- before other consonants soon lost ; corning nineteen, in nineteenth year
com- occurs in E also before f (comfort). Mean- two years c. Christmas, including time from
ing, with, together, altogether, completely. now to Christmas) ; be brought (the dinner
eo'ma 1 , n. Unnatural heavy sleep, stupor, came ; c. under notice, before judge) ; fall, land,
lethargy. Hence eo'matosE a. [f. Gk koma on (came on my
head) ; move relatively by
-atos cf. koimao put to sleep] motion of beholder &c. towards one (c. into
eo'ma 2 , n. (pi. -ae). (Bot.) tuft of silky hairs sight, to one's knowledge, in one's way ; c. to
at end of seed Astr. nebulous envelope round
; ( ) light, be revealed) reach point with hand, ;

nucleus of comet. [L, f. Gk kome hair of head] instrument, or missile occur, fall to lot of, ;

comb l (kom), n.
Toothed strip of horn, metal, (comes on such a page one comes before, after, ;

ivory, &c, for arranging, cleaning, or confin- another ; c, into one's head the work, ill luck,
ing, the hair = curry s -comb; thing of same
; comes to me) happen (hoiv comes it that ? ;
;
;
—
shape, look, or purpose, in many machines, esp. to c. pred. adj., future; for a year to c. the ;

for dressing wool, or collecting electricity, or to-c, the future c. what may, whatever hap-
;

in animal structure red fleshy crest of fowl ; pens) become present from future (c. to pass ;
;

esp. cock, analogous growth in other birds, (cut the time will c. when) spring of, be the result ;

the c. of, humiliate) crest of hill or wave = ; ; of, (that 's what comes of grumbling c. of noble ;

honeycomb 1 Hence (-)combED 2 a. [com.-

. parents) enter, be brought, into (collision, play,
;

Teut., cf. Du. kam, G kamm ; also Gk gomphos prominence c. to harm, be injured) amount
; ;

pin, Skr. gambhas tooth] to (comes to 2/G', it comes to this, that is as — ,

comb 2 v.t.
, & i. Draw c. through (hair), curry much as to say that) take form (the butter will ;

(horse), dress (wool, flax) with c. ; (of wave) curl not c.) ; find oneself under compulsion or in
over, [earlier kemb ; present vb f. prec] a position to (have c. to believe, has c. to be icsed);
combat or ko'mbat), n., & v.t. & i.
(ku -
mbat (with cogn. obj.) traverse, accomplish, (have c.
(Do) battle; single c, duel; (engage in) contest, 3 miles, a *Qng way) play a part (slang c. the
;
;

struggle oppose, strive against, [f. F combat

; bully over c. it strong, show vigour; c. it too
-,

& combattret LL (com-, battere, batuere, fight)] strong, overdo something, exaggerate) be- ;

eo'mbatant (ku-), a. & n. Fighting,.fighter come, get to be, prove, (string comes untied,
(Mil.) c. officer, opp. non.-c. of niedical'or com- things c. right, he came alive comes expensive, ;

missariat branches. [OF part, as prec] easy, true, nahiral) (imperat. as exclamation) ;

eo'mbative (ku-), a. Pugnacious. Hence now then (encouraging), think again, don't be
For compounds of co- not given consult CO-.
 ; ;; ;;;

COMB 1(53
COMMAND
hasty. C. about, happen ; c across, meet with f.LL comestibilis (contest- var. of comes- p.p. st.
c along, (colloq.) make haste ; c at, reach, dis- of L couedere eat up)]
cover, get access to ; c. away, get detached eo'met, n. Body with star-like nucleus &
c. back, recur to memory ; c. by, (prep.) obtain, train or tail of light moving round sun in
(adv.) pass; c. down, extend downwards to, be elliptical or towards from it in parabolic &
handed down by tradition, fall, be humbled course; c.-year, in which conspicuous comet
(esp. in the world, lose caste) ; c. down upon, comes; c.-wine, made in c.-year, supposed of
rebuke, punish, exact reparation from ; c. down superior quality. Hence eo'metARyi, eome't-
with, pay (money) ; c. forward, present oneself, ic, aa. [f. L f. Gk kometes long-haired (star) f.
answer appeal ; c. in, enter house or room, komao wear hair long (koine hair)]
begin innings, take such a place in race &c. co'mfit (ku-), n. Sweetmeat, sugar-plum,
(c in thitd), be elected, come to power, be [f. OF confit f. L coa(fectum=factum
neut. p.p.
received as income, become seasonable or of facere make)]
fashionable, serve a purpose (esp. c. in useful), co'mfopt (ku-), n., & v.t. Relief in affliction,
find a place (where does the joke c. in ? ; where consolation, being consoled person who con-
do I c. in ?, how are my interests advanced ?)
;
soles or saves one trouble cause of satisfaction ;

c. in for, get share of, get; c. into, receive pos- conscious well-being, being comfortable ; pos-
session of c. near doing, narrowly escape or
; session of cc, things that make life easy ; fea-
fail ; c. off, be detached, extricate oneself from ture cc, good food, clothes, &c. (Vb) soothe
contest &c. in such state (with flying colours, in grief, console ; make comfortable, [f. OF
badly), be accomplished, fulfilled ; c. on, (prep.) confort(er) f. L con( fortare l.fortis strong)]
= c. upon, (adv.) continue coming, advance esp. eo'mrortable (ku-), a. Such as to obviate
to attack, progress, thrive, supervene (of wind, hardship, save trouble, promote content, &
storm, disease), arise to be discussed, appear ministering to comfort; at ease, free from
on stage, begin to bowl, (imperat.) follow me, hardship, pain, &
trouble tranquil, with easy ;

I defy you c. out, go on strike, emerge from

; conscience. Hence eo'mfortabLY 2 adv. [f.
examination &c. with such success, emerge AF confortable (prec, -able)]
from clouds, be found out, be solved, show eo'mforter (ku-), n. One who comforts (the
itself (of photograph, smallpox, arrogance), be C, Holy Ghost ; Job's c, professed consoler who
published [comes out on Saturdays), make debut depresses); woollen scarf, [-er 1 ]
on stage or in society ; c. out with, utter c. over, ; eo'mfoptless, a. Dreary, without provision
master as an influence, (adv.) c. from
(prep.) for comfort, [-less]
some distance or across obstacle (came over eo'mfpey (ku-), n. Tall rough-leaved ditch
with the Conqueror, over from London to see plant with clusters of whitish or purplish bells,
us), change sides or opinion ; c. round, look in [f. OF confirie etym. dub.]
for casual visit, recover from ill temper, swoon, co'mic, a. Of comedy (c opera, with c. treat-
&c. c. to, (prep.) inherit, return to (oneself,
; &
ment much spoken dialogue, also mere bur-
one's senses from fainting-fit or from folly), lesque set to music) ; mirth-provoking, laugh-
(adv.) cease moving, revive c. under, he classed ; able or meant to be so, facetious, burlesque,
as or among, be subjected to (influence) c. up, ; funny, (c song, paper c history of Borne &c ;

join university, approach person for talk, get has its c side). Hence comieo- comb. form,
abreast with, spring out of ground, become [f. L f. Gk komikos prob. f. komos revel]
fashionable, be mooted, be equal to standard co'mieal, a. Mirth-provoking, laughable;
&c, (imperat., to horse) go faster; c. upon, odd, queer. Hence eomiea'liTY n., eo'mie-
attack by surprise, strike or lay hold of (mind), alLY a adv. [as prec. -al] +
make demand on, be a burden to, meet by eo'mity, n. Courtesy c of nations, friendly
;

chance with. [OE cuman, com.-Teut. cf. I>u.
komen, G kommen cogn. also w. Skr. gam, Gk
; laws & usages, [f. L comitas (comis courteous)]
baino, L. venire]
come passing to & fro c.-down,
2 , n. C.-&-go,
downfall, degradation, [f. prec.
come-a't-abie, a. Accessible. [-able]
come'dian, n. Actor, writer, of comedies.
[f. F comedien f. L comoedia comedy -f -an J
comedie'nne (-mi-), n.
recognition as far as practicable of each other's
eo'mma, n. Punctuation-mark (,) of the
; least separation indicated between parts of
|
sentence, also used to separate figures &c.
(Mus.) definite minute interval or difference of
pitch ; inverted cc, raised or superior cc. used
to begin '& end a quotation, the first (or first
Comedy actress. [F] pair) inverted (he said no or " no ") ; c bacillus,
'
'

comedie'tta, n. Short or slight comedy. [It., c -shaped found in cholera, [f. L f. Gk komma
dim. of comedia comedy] clause (kopto cut, -m)]
cd'medist, n. Writer of comedies, [foil., eomma'nd i, v.t. & i. Order, bid, (what God
•ist(3) to avoid ambiguity of comedian]
; commands, commands us, commands us to do,
eo'medy, n. Stage-play of light, amusing, & commands that we should do, commands to be
often satirical character, chiefly representing done also ellipt., let us do as God commands ; ;
everyday life, & with happy ending (cf. tra- & abs., God commands man obeys); have &
gedy) branch of drama concerned with ordin- authority over, control of be supreme be in
; ; ;
ary persons & employing familiar language c be in c. of (ship, forces, &c) c-in-chief, be
; ; ;
life, or an incident in it, regarded as a spectacle commander-in-chief of, or abs.) restrain, mas- ;

Old, Middle, New, C, classification of ancient ter, (passions, oneself) have at disposal or with- ;

Greekc, the first farcical &largely political, the in reach (sum, skill, person so yoxirs to c, obedi- ;

last corresponding to modern c, & the second ently deserve & get (sympathy &c) domi- ) ; ;
transitional, [f. F comedie f. L f. G k kdmo(i\dia nate (strategic position) from superior height,
t komo(i)dos f. komos revel, dOidos singer] look down over. [f. OF comander f. LL com-
comely (ku/mli), a. Pleasant to look at (usu. (mandare entrust)]
of personal appearance, sometimes of behaviour eomma'nd 2 n. Order, bidding, (word ofc r
,
or conduct). Hence co'meliNESS n. [OE cym- customary order for movement in drill at or
lic (cyme fine f. WG kiani-, -ly 1
)] by one's c, in pursuance of his bidding); ex-
;

co'mep (ku-), One who comes (usu. quali- ercise or tenure of authority, esp. naval or
n.
fied, as first c.) all cc, any one who applies, military {in c of, commanding
;
under c. of, ;

takes up a challenge, &c. [-ER commanded by) control, mastery, possession,

1
] ;

come'Stible, n. (usu. pi.). Thing to eat. [F, (great c. of language, ckill inspeech ;atc, ready
 ;;

COMMANDANT 164 COMMISSION

to be used at will of the passes &c.) body tity proportionate to. Hence eommensur-
; c. ;
;
under commander; c.-in- aBi "lit y, eommensu rablex ess, nn. com*
of troops, district,
chief, supreme c. c.-night, with theatre &c.
; e'nsurabL v 2 adv. [f L coM(mensurabilis m .
,

t
performance given by royal c. [f. or as prec] as measure, see -ble)]
cdmmanda'nt, n. Commanding officer, commensurate (-at), a. Coextensive
esp.governor of fortress. Hence command- (with) ; proportionate (to, with). Hence com-
a'ntSHip n. [F (command 1 -ant)] , me'nsurateLY 2 adv., commensurate*
commandeep', v.t. Impress (men), seize ness n. [f. L coM(mensuratus, prec, -ate 2 )]
(stores), for military service,
[f. S.-Afr.-Du. co'mment 1
, n. Explanatory note or re-
kommanderen as prec] (-ar-) f. F mark; criticism; (fig., of events &c) illustra-
eomma'nder, n. In vbl senses also or ; tion. [OF, = commentary f. L commentum
esp. C. of the Faithful, title of Caliph (Navy)
: ; device, comment, neut. p.p. of cou(minisci f.
officer ranking between captain lieutenant & root men- cf. mens mind)]
member of higher class in some Orders of co'mment 2 , v.i. Write explanatory notes
Knighthood large wooden mallet C.-in-Chief,
; ; (upon a text) make
(esp. unfavourable) re-
;

(Army) of all military land-forces of State, of marks prec]

(upon), [f.
portion of them quartered in colony, or of ex- co'mmentapy, n. Expository treatise com- ;

pedition in foreign country, (Navy) of all ships ment, [l.hcommentarius a. (comment 1 -ary 1 )] ,

on a station. Hence eomma'ndepSHiP(l) n. commenta'tion, n. Making of comments,

OF comandere (command
[f. 1
, -er 1 )] [f.L commentatio (commentari discuss, fre-
comma'nding, a. In vbl senses; esp.: ex- comment & -ation)]
quent, of comminisci, see
alted, impressive, (of persons, looks, ability, co'mmentatop, n. Writer of commentary.
&c.) ; with wide view (of hill, position), [-ing 2 ] [L (as prec, see -or 2 )]
comma'ndment, n. Divine command (the co'mmepce, n. Exchange of merchandise,
ten cc, Mosaic decalogue eleventh c, any pre- ; esp. on a large scale; chamber of c. inter- ;

cept jestingly classed with these), [f. OF course (esp. sexual) card game. [F, f. L com-
;

comandement (command 1 -ment)] , (mercium f. merx mercis merchandise)]

comma'ndo, n. Party called out for mili- commep'cial (-shl), a. & n. Of, engaged in,
tary service, body of troops. [Port., f. com- bearing on, commerce c. (traveller), trader's ;

mandar command 1
, wd usedbyS.-Afr. Dutch, agent, showing samples & soliciting orders.
& familiarized in Boer war] Hence commep'eialiSM, commep*cialisT,
comme U faut (kom commePcla'liTY (-shl-), nn., commep'cial-
el fo), pred. a. Well-
bred. [F] ize v.t., commep'cialLY 2 adv. [f. L commer-
eomme'mopate, v.t. Celebrate in speech Cium COMMERCE + -AL]
or writing preserve in memory by some cele-
; commina'tion, n. Threatening of divine
bration ; (of things) be a memorial of. Hence vengeance ; recital of divine threats against
comme'mopativE a. [f. L coMmemorare sinners in Anglican Liturgy. [F, f. L commina-
bring to remembrance, see -ate 3 ] tionem f. coM(minari threaten), see -ation)]
commemora'tion, n. Act of commemorat- co'mminatopy, a. Threatening, denuncia-
ing ; service, part of service, in memory of tory,[f. L comminatorius (as prec, see-ORY)]
saint or sacred event; (Oxford Univ.) annual commi*ngle,v.t.&i. Mingle together, [com-]
celebration in memory of founders, [f. L com- ecm minute, v.t. Reduce to small frag-
memoratio (as prec, see -ation)] ments divide (property) into small portions.
;

commence, v.t. i. Begin (work, doi?igr, & So comminu'tiON n. [f. L cOM(minuere -ut-
to do) (archaic) start, set up, as (lawyer &c)
; f. minor less)]
take the full degree of (M.A. &c). [f. OF commrserate (-z-), v.t. Feel, show, express,
cumencer f. LL *co~s\initiare (see initiate)] pity for. Hence or cogn. eommisePA'TiON n.,
comme'neement, n. In vbl senses ; also, commi'sepatiVE a., commi'sepativei.v-
ceremony when degrees of Master Doctor & adv. [f. L C0M(miserari f. miser), -ate 3 ]
are conferred at Cambridge, Dublin, U.S. & commissap'ial, a. Of a commissary, [-al]
univv. [OF (cumencer, see prec. -ment)] & commissariat, n. Department (esp. Mil.)
commend, v.t. Entrust for safe keeping for supply of food &c [as foil., see -ate 2 ]
(to person, his care) praise (archaic) c. me to,
; ; co'mmissapy, n. Deputy, delegate repre- ;

remember me kindly to (person) ; c. nte to, give sentative of a bishop in part of his diocese, or
me by choice (often iron. ). [f. L coM.(mendare — of absent bishop officer charged with supply
;

mandare entrust, see mandate)] of food &c for body of soldiers C. general, ;

commendable, a. Praiseworthy. Hence chief c, esp. (Mil.) chief of a commissariat ser-

comme'ndableNESs n., comme'ndabLY 2 vice. Hence co'mmissapysHiP n. [f. med. L
adv. [OF, f. L commendabilis (prec, -ble)] co mmissarius person in charge (commit, -ary 1 )]
eommendam, n. Tenure of benerice in ab- commi'ssion , n. Command, instruction
l
;
sence of regular incumbent, [med. L (in) com- authority, body of persons having authority,
mendam (depositum) given in trust] to act; c. of the peace, (authority, given to)
commenda'tion, n. Praise act of com- ; Justices of the Peace on the c, having this; ;

mending person to another's favour. [OF, f. L warrant conferring authority, esp. that of
commendationem (as commend, see -ation)] officers in the army and navy from lieutenant
commendatory, a. Commending, holding, upwards; in c, (of persons) having delegated
held, in eommendam. [f. LL commendatorius authority, (of an office) placed by warrant in
<as prec, see -orv)] charge of a body of persons instead of the con-
comme'nsal, (One) who eats at the
a. & n. stitutional administrator, (of ship of war) man-
same table ; (animal, plant) living as another's ned, armed, &
ready for sea entrusting of ;

&
tenant sharing its food (cf. parasite). Hence authority &c to a person charge, matter, en- ;

eomme'nsaliSM, commensaliTY, nn. [F, trusted to person to perform authority to act ;

f. med. L coM(mensalis f. mensa table, see -al)] as agent for another in trade, as have goods
comme'nsupable (-sher-), a. Measurable on c. pay of a c-agent, percentage on amount
;

by the same standard (with, to) (of numbers) ; involved; committing (of crime &c) c.-day, ;

divisible without remainder by the same quan- opening day of assizes, when judge's comraia-
For compounds of co- not given consult CO--
 ;;; ;;;;

COMMISSION 165 COMMUNALISM

sion is read. [F, f. L commissionem (as prec, line or feminine; (Pros.) of variable quantity
-ION)] (Mus.) c. time, measure, (two or four beats in
commi'ssion-, v.t. Empower by commis- bar), c. chord c. law, unwritten law of Eng-
;

sion give (officer) command of ship order

; ; land, administered by the King's courts, pur-
(ship) for active service give (artist &c.) a ;
porting to be derived from ancient usage
commission for piece of work. [f. prec] Court of C. Pleas (for trial of civil causes,
commissionaire* (-shonar), n. Member of abolished 1875) C. Prayer, liturgy set forth
;

the corps of Cc. organized in London for em- in Book of C. P. of Edward VI ; c. room (at
ployment as messengers &c. [as commissioner] Oxford), room to which fellows retire after
eommi'ssioned, a. Authorized (of officers) ; dinner ; c. sense, normal understanding, good
holding rank by commission (of ships) put in ; practical sense in everyday affairs, general
commission. [-ED 2 ] feeling (of mankind or community), philosophy
commissioner, n. One appointed by com- of c. sense (accepting primary beliefs of man-
mission member of a commission, esp. of
; kind as ultimate criterion of truth) ; c. weal,
government boards &c, as Charity, Civil Ser- commonweal, archaic, public welfare, (also) =
vice, C. representative of supreme authority
; commonwealth. Hence eo'mmonNESS n.
in a district, department, &c. Hence com- [f. OF comun f. L communis (com- + -munis
mi'ssionerSHiP n. [f. F commissionnaire f. bound, obliged, or + unus one)]
med. L commissionarius (commission, -arv 1 )] Land belonging to a com- co'mmon 2 , n.
eo'mmissure, n. Juncture, seam
munity, esp. unenclosed waste land (right of)
; joint ;

between two bones line where lips, eyelids, c, a man's right over another's land, as c. of
;

meet; bands of nerve substance connecting pasturage; oid of the c, unusual; in c, in

hemispheres of brain, two sides of spinal cord, joint use, shared, [prec as n.]
&c. So eommissur'AL a. [f. L commissura eo'mmonable, a. (Of animals) that maybe
junction [as foil.,. see -ure] pastured on common land (of land) that may ;

commit, v.t. (-tt-). Entrust, consign, for be held in common, [f. obs. vb common f. OF
treatment or safe keeping {to person, his care, comuner (as common 1 + -able] )

his judgment, to writing, memory, earth, the co'mmonage (-ij), n. Right of common
flames) c. (to prison), consign officially to cus- land, condition of land, held in common com-
; ;

tody refer (bill) to committee perpetrate monalty, [-age]

; ;

(crime, blunder), whence eommittABLE a eo'mmonalty, n. The common people

compromise, involve, (character, honour, one- general body (of mankind Sec.) body corporate, ;

self) bind oneself to (a course). Hence eom- [f. OF comunalte f. comunal f. L communalis
;

mi'ttAL, eommi'tMENT, nn. [f. L com(»hY- (commune neut. adj. as n., see common 1 & -al),
tere miss- send) join, entrust] see -ty]
eommi'ttee (-ti), n. Body of persons ap- eo'mmonep, n. One of the common people
pointed for special function, as (Pari.) C. of (below rank of peer) ; (rarely) member of House
Supply, Ways &
Means, House resolves itself of Commons, esp. the great C, elder Pitt; Wm
into a C., goes into C, is in C, C. of the whole (in some Eng. colleges) student not on founda-
House ; Standing C. (permanent during exist- tion ; one who has right of common, [common 2
ence of appointing body) Joint C. (of members & obs. vb common (see commonable) + -er l ]
;

nominated by different bodies) c.-man, mem- co money, n. Inferior playing -marble.

;
-
m
ber of a c. ; (Law, pron. komite') person en- [common 1 + -y 3 ]
trusted with charge, as cc, for lunatics, [late eo'mmonly, adv. Usually to an ordinary ;

AF, for F commis p.p. of commettre, as prec] degree, as c. honest meanly, cheaply, [-ly 2 ] ;

commi'x, v.t. & i. (archaic, poet.). Mix. So co'mmon place *, n. & a. Notable passage,
commi'xtURE n. [back-formation on com- entered for use in a c.-book ordinary topic ;

mixt, see mix v.] every-day saying platitude anything com- ; ;

commo'de, n. Chest of drawers chiffonier mon or trite; (adj.) lacking originality, trite.
;

(esp. night-c.) close-stool. [F, f. L com (mod us Hence co'mmon plaeex ess n. [= L locus
measure) convenient] communis — Gk koinos toptos general theme]
commd'dious, a. Koomy; (archaic) handy. co'mmon place , v.t. & i. Extract com-
2
Hence eommo'diousLY 2 adv., commo'di- monplaces from enter in commonplace-book ;

ousness n. [f. F commodieux, -euse, f. med.L utter commonplaces, [f. prec]

commodiosvs irreg. f. L commodum (neut. adj. co'mmons, n. pi. The common people third ;

as n.), see prec] estate in English or other similar constitution,

commo'dity, n. Useful thing; article of represented by Lower House of Parliament
trade (staple c); (archaic) convenience, [f. F (House of C); provisions shared in common :
commodity f. L commoditatem (commode, -ty)] common table, as doctors' C. ; (Oxf., Camb.)
eo'mmodore, n. Naval officer above cap- definite portion of food supplied at fixed
tain and below rear-admiral (in Brit, navy a charge ; daily fare, as short c. [pi. of common 2]
temporary rank); (courtesy title) senior captain co'mmonwealth, n. Body politic, indepen-
when three or more ships cruise together, cap- dent community republic (also fig., as c. of ;

tain of pilots, president of yacht-club c.'s ship. learning) republican government in England,
; ;

[17th c.(-mand-) i.ljcommandator commander] 1649-60; title of federated Australian States;

co'mmon J , a. (-er, -est). Belonging equally company of actors sharing receipts (formerly) ;

to, coming from, or done by, more than one, as public welfare, [common 1 + wealth, cf. F
our c. humanity, c. cause, c. consent belonging bien public, L res piiblica]
;

to, open to, affecting, the public, as c. crier, commo'tion, n. Physical disturbance
goal, alehouse, nuisance, scold ; of ordinary bustle, confusion tumult, insurrection, [f. ;

occurrence, as a c. experience ; ordinary, of OF comocionf. Lco?nmotionem(a,s foil., see -ion)]

ordinary qualities, as c. honesty, no c. mind commo've (-dbv), v.t. Move violently (lit.
without rank or position, as c. soldier, the c. & fig.); excite, [f. F commouvoir f. L com-
people ; of the most familiar type, as C. Night- (movere mot- move)]
shade, Snake ; of inferior quality vulgar commu'nal (or ko'mu-), a. Of a commune';
;

(Math.) belonging to two or more quantities, as of the Paris Commune of the commonalty. ;

c. factor, multiple; (Gram.) c. noun, name ap- [F,f. med. L communalis (as commune, see -al)]
plicable to any one of a class, c. gender, mascu- communalism (as prec), n. Theory of
 ;;; ;;;

COMMUNALIZE 166 COMPANY

government bv local autonomy. So eommu- be compounded for. Hence commutaBi'LiTY
nalisT n.. communali'stic a. [prec. + -ism] n. [f. L commutabilis (as foil., see -ble)J
commu'nalize, v.t. Make (thing) the pro- commuta'tion, n. Commuting ; money
perty of a local community. Hence eom- paid by way of c. ; C. Act (for c. of tithes in
munalizA'TiONn. [-ize] England, 1836). [F, f. L commutationem (as
co'ramune *, n. French territorial division, foil., see-ATiON)]
smallest for administrative purposes similar ;
commu'tative (also ko'm-), a. Relating to
division elsewhere; The C. (of Parts), (1) usurp- or involving substitution, [f. med. L commuta-
ing body during the Reign of Terror, (2) com- tivns (as foil., see -ative)]
munalistic government in 1871. IF, f. med. L eo'm mutator, n. Person, thing, that com-
communa f. LL communia (neut. pL adj. as mutes contrivance for altering course of
;

noun), see common J ] electric current, [as foil., see -or 2 ]

commu'ne 2 (or ko'm-), v.i. Hold intimate
.
commu'te, v.t. Interchange (two things)
intercourse (with person, one's own heart, to- buy off one obligation by (for, into) another
gether); (U.S.) receive Holy Communion, [f. change (punishment into another less severe)
OF comuner (as common 1
)]
change (one kind of payment into, for, another),
eommu'nieable, a. That can be imparted L cowmutare exchange]
[f.

communicative. Hence eommunieaBiLiTY, como'se.a. Having a coma 2 hairy, downy, ;

eommirnieableNESS, nn., commu'ni- L comosus (coma 2 see -ose 1 )]

[f. ,

cabLY adv. [prob. F (as foil., see -ble)]

2 co'mpact \ n. Agreement between parties
eommirnieant, n. One who (esp. regularly) generalft, common consent; family, social,

receives Holy Communion one who imparts ; c. L COM (paciscipact- covenant)]

[f.

information, [as foil., see -ant] eompa'ct 2 a. Closely or neatly packed

,

eommu'nieate. v.t. & L Impart, transmit, together ; (of style) condensed, terse. Hence
(heat, motion, feeling, news, a discovery, to) compa'ctLY 2 eompa'etNESs adv., n. [f. L
share (a thing) with ; receive, administer. Holy com( pingere pact- = pangere fasten)]
Communion ; hold intercourse with (of rooms ;
eompa'ct 3 v.t. Join firmly together con- , ;

&c.) afford access to (with), [f. L communicare dense make up, compose, (of), [f. prec];

(as common 1 + -ic- factitive suf.), see -ate 3 compa'ges, n. Framework, complex struc-
]

communica'tion, n. Act of imparting ture (lit. & fig.). [L C0M(pafires f. pangere fix)]
(esp. news) ; information given ; intercourse compa'ginate, v.t. Join firmly together.
(passage giving) access, [f. OF comunicaciont So compaginATiON n. [f. LL compaginare
L communicationem (prec, -atiox)] (compago -ginis = prec.), see -ate 3J
eommirnieative, a. Ready to impart* compa'nion 1 n., , & v.t. & i. One who
open, talkative. Hence eommu'nieativeLY 2 accompanies another associate in, sharer of, ;

adv., eommirnieativexESS n. [F (-i

v , -ive), as c.-in-arms, fellow-soldier, c. of his retreat ;
as communicate, see -ive] title of handbooks, as Gardener's member C ;

commtrnieatop, Person, thing, that

n. of lowest grade of order of knighthood, as C. of
communicates part of telegraph instrument
;
the Bath; person (usu. woman) paid to live,
used in sending message contrivance for ; with another thing that matches another (also
;

communicating with guard or driver of train. adj., as c. volume); (v.t.) accompany; (v.i.)
[L (as prec, see -or 2 )] consort with. [f. OF compaignon f. hit com-
eommu'nion, n. Sharing, participation ;
(panionem f. panis bread) vb f. n.] ;

fellowship (esp. between branches of Catholic compa'nion 2 , n. (naut.). Raised frame on

Church); body professing one faith; inter- quarter-deck for lighting cabins &c below ; c-
course participation in -Lord's Supper (also
;
hatch, wooden covering over c. -way; c.-hatch-
Holy C.) close, open, c, exclusion from, admis-
;
way, opening in deck leading to cabin; c.-lad-
sion to, c. of persons not baptized according to der (from deck to cabin) c.-icay, staircase to ;

Baptist principles c.-cloth, -cup, (used at Holy

; cabin, Du. kompanje, It. (camera della)
[cf.
C); c-rail (in front of c. -table in some compagna storeroom = LL companaticum (pa-
churches) c.-table (used for Holy C). [F, f. L
; nis bread)]
cojnmunionem common 1 see (as , -ion)] compa'nionable, a. Sociable. Hence com-
eommirnionist, n. Close, open, ft, ad- pa'nionabLY 2 adv. compa'nionablexESS ,

herent of close, open, communion; fellow-c, n. [companion + -able] 1

member of same communion, [-ist] companionship, n. State of being a com-

communique (F), n. Official intimation, panion ; (Printing) company of compositors
co'mmunism, n. Vesting of property in working together, [-ship]
the community, each member working accord- eo'mpany (kum-). n., v.t. i. & & Companion-
ing to his capacity and receiving according to ship ; in c., not alone ; bear, keep, a person ft,
his wants. Hence co'mmuniST n., com- accompany him; part c. (with), part (from);
muni'stio a. _[f. L as common * + -ism] weep for c. (because one's companion weeps)
communitap'ian, n. Member of commu- keep ft, associate as lovers number of persons ;

nity practising communism, assembled one's usual associates, as addicted

[-arian] ;

eommu'nity, n. Joint ownership, as c. of to low c. he is good, bad, c. (a pleasant, dull, :

goods identity of character

; fellowship companion) social party guests I sin in good
; ; ; ;

organized political, municipal, or social body c, better men have done the same; body of
body of men living in same locality body of persons combined for common (esp. commercial)
;

men having religion, profession, &c, in object, as joint 2 Stock C, Limited Liability C.
common, as the mercantile c, the Jewish c; (liability of each member limited usu. to
thee, the public; monastic, socialistic, or other, amount subscribed by him), John C.(East India
body practising c. of goods, [f. OF communeti C.); partner(s) not named in title of firm, as
f. L communitatem (as common 1 see -ty)] Smith Co. party of players sub-division of
, & ;
;

co'mmunize, v.t. Make (land &c.) common infantry regiment commanded by captain (cf.
property. Hence eommunizA'Tiox n. [f. L troop, battery; c. officer, captain or lower
as common 1 + -ize] commissioned officer); ship's ft, entire crew;
commu'table, a. Exchangeable that can (v.t. archaic) accompany; (v.i.) consort with. ;

For compounds of co- not given consult CO-.

 ; ;;

COMPARABLE 167 COMPLEMENT

[(vb f. OF compaignier) f. OF compaignie to a course) bring about (an action) by force,
',

formed on compaignon companion 1 ] as c. submission (poet.) drive forcibly. Hence

;

ed'mparable, a. That can be compared compe'llABLE a. [f. OF compeller f. L com-

(with) fit to be compared (to).
; Hence com- (pellere puis- drive)]
paraBixiTY n. [F, f. L comparabilis (as co'mpend, n. = compendium.
COMPARE l, see -BLE)] compendious, a. Brief but comprehen-
comparative, a. & n. Of or involving works & authors). Hence compe'n-
sive (of
comparison, as the c. methyl, esp. of sciences, diousLY ad v. com pen dious n ess n. [f OF
2 , .

as c. anatomy; (Gram.) c. adjective, adverb, compendieux f. hcompendiosus (foil., see -ous)]

one in the comparative degree, expressing a compendium, n. (pi. -urns, -a). Abridg-
higher degree of the quality denoted by the ment; summary; abstract. [L, lit. what is
simple word estimated by comparison, as the
; weighed together f. com( pendere weigh)]
c. merits of perceptible by comparison, as in
;
co'mpensate, v.t. & i. Counterbalance
c. comfort; (n.) c. degree. Hence compa'ra- make amends (for thing, to person, with, by,
tiveLY adv. 2 [f. L comparativus (foil., -ative)] another thing, or abs.) ; recompense (person for
compare' Liken, pronounce
1
, v.t. & i. thing); (Mech.) provide (pendulum &c) with
similar, (to), esp. with negative, as not to be mechanical compensation. Hence compe'n-
compared to estimate the similarity of (one
; satiVE a. & n., co'mpensatOR 2 n., com-
thing with, to, another two things together) ; pe'nsatORY a. [f. L coM(pensare frequent, of
observe the similarity or relation between pendere pens- weigh)]
(passages of book &c. abbr. cp.); c. notes, ; compensation, n. Compensating; thing
exchange views; (Gram.) form comparative given as recompense c.-balance, c.-pendulum, ;

& superlative degrees of (adjective, adverb) of chronometer (neutralizing effect of tempera-

(intr.) bear comparison, as no lady can c. with ture). Hence compensationAL a. [f. L
Sally, [f. L GOMparare {par equal)] compensatio (as prec, see -ation)]
compare' 2, n. Comparison, as beyond, with- compete, v.i. Strive (with another for
out, past, c. [f. prec. prob. arising f. obs. com- ; thing, in doing, or abs.) vie (with another in a
;

pare = compeer, misunderstood in without c] quality), [f. L cot>\(petere -tit- seek), in class. L
compa'rison, n. Act of comparing ; simile, = coincide, be fitting]
illustration ; in c. competence, -ey , n n. Sufficiency of means
with, compared to ; degrees
of c, positive, comparative, superlative, for living, easy circumstances ability (to do, (of ad- ;

jectives &
adverbs), [f. OF comparaison f. L for a task); (of court, magistrate, &c) legal
comparationem (as compare 1 see -son)] capacity, [f. F competence f. L competentia (as
,

compar't, v.t. Divide into compartments. prec, see -ence, -ency)]

[f. L coMpartiri (pars partis part)] co'mpetent, a. Properly qualified (to do,
compartment, n. Division separated by for a task) ; legally qualified (judge, court, wit-
partitions, esp. of railway carriage water-tight ness) (of things) belonging, permissible, to, as it
; ;

division of ship. [f. F compartiment f. LL co?n- teas c. to him to refuse. Hence co'mpetent-
partimentum (as prec, see -ment)] ly 2 adv. [f. F competent (as compete, see -ent)]
co'mpass 1 (kum-), n. (Pair of) cc, instru- competition, n. Act of competing (for),
ment for describing circles, with two legs con- by examination, in market, (Anglo-Ind.) &c ;

nected at one end by movable joint ; beam-cc. c.-wallah, member of I.C.S. chosen by c. [f. L
(with sliding sockets, for large circles) ; bow-cc. competitio (as foil., see -ion)]
(with legs jointed to bend inwards) ; circum- competitive, a. Of, by, offered for, com-
ference, boundary ; area, extent, (also fig., as petition. Hence competitiveLY 2 adv. [f L .

beyond my c); range of a voice; roundabout (as compete, see -ive)]

way, as fetch, go. a c. ; instrument showing competitor, n. One who competes, rival.
magnetic meridian or one's direction with re- Hence competitORY a., eompetitrESS ] n.
spect to it (Mariner's C); box 3 the c. ; c.-plane [L (as prec, see -or 2 )1
(convex, for planing concave surfaces) c.-saw compilation, n. Compiling; thing compiled. ;

(with narrow blade, for curves) c.-window, [F, f. L compilationem (foil., -ation)] ;

semicircular bay-window, [f. F compas f. med. compi'le, v.t. Collect (materials) into a
L coupassus pair of compasses (perh. passus volume make up (volume) of such materials ;

step) ;sense-history of compassus and vb com- (Cricket slang) score (so many runs), [f F com- .

passare is obscure] piler (perh.) f. L cowpilare plunder (pilare

co'mpass 2 (kum-), v.t. Go round ; hem in ; thrust home or pilare plunder)]
grasp mentally contrive accomplish. Hence
; ; compla'cence, -cy, nn. Tranquil pleasure
co'mpass a ble a. [f. F compasser measure, self-satisfaction. [f. med. L complacentia,
contrive, f. L *compassare, see prec] whence F
complaisance, f. L coM(placere
compa'ssion, n. Pity inclining one to spare please), see -ence, -ency]
or help, as have- compla*cent,a. Self-satisfied. Hence com-
c. on us. [F, f. compas- LL
sionem f. coM(pati pass- pla'centLY 2 adv. [f. L as prec, see -ent]
suffer), see -ion]
compa'ssionate (-at), a. Sympathetic, complai'n, v.i. Express dissatisfaction with
!

pitying. Hence eompa'ssionateLV 2 adv., (of) announce that one is suffering from (of a. ;

com pa'ssionatexEss n. [f F compassionne headache &c) state a grievance (to an autho-

. ;

p.p. of compassionner (as prec), -ate 2 rity of offender or offence) (poet. emit mourn- ] ; )

compa'ssionate 2 , v.t. Regard, treat, with ful sound, [f. F complaindre (st. -aign-) f. LL
compassion, [f. prec] coM(plangere planet- beat the breast) bewail]
compatible, a. Consistent, able to coex- eomplai'nt, n. Utterance of grievance;
ist, (with). Hence or cogn. eompatiBi'LiTY formal accusation (U.S. (plaintiff's case in civil ;

n., compatible adv. [F, f. med. L. com- 2 action subject, ground, of c bodily ailment,
; ;

patibilis (coMpati suffer with, -ble)] [f. F complainte f. LL fem. p.p. as prec]
compatriot, n. Fellow-countryman. Hence complaisa'nce (or ko'm-), n. Obligingness,
eompatriotic a. [f. F compatriote f. L com- politeness; deference. So complaisA"NT a.
(patriota patriot)] [F (see complacence)]
compeer*, n. Equal, peer ; comrade, [f. OF co'mplement x
(-ment), n. That which com-
Com( per peer)] pletes; (Gram.) c. of (words completing) the
compel, v.t. (-11-). Constrain, force, (to do, predicate full number required (to man ship,
;
 ; ;
;

COMPLEMENT 168 COMPOUND

fill conveyance, &c.) ; (Math.) c. of an angle, its up (article &c) in type ; put together, arrange,
deficiency from 90° (cf. supplement). Hence artistically; adjust (dispute &c) ; arrange in
com piemen t.\L a., compleme'ntalLV- specified or understood manner, or for specified
adv. [f. Ij complementum (complete 1
, -ment)] purpose, as c. yourself to write, c. your counte-
co'mplement 2 v.t. Complete, form com- nance, c. your thoughts for action tranquillize
, ;

plement to. prec] [f. (oneself, passions, Sec.), esp. in p.p., whence
compleme'ntapy, a. Serving to complete compo'sedLY 2 adv., compo'sedNESs n. [f.
c. angles (making up 90°) c. colours, [-arv F coM(poser LL jtctusare cease, lie down, lay
;
]
] f.
complete \ a. Having all its parts, entire down, see pose confused with & replacing in ;

finished; unqualified, as c. surprise ; (archaic, compounds pondre f. L ponere posit- place)]

of persons) accomplished, as c. horseman. compo'sep, n. One who composes (usu.
Hence eomple'teLY 2 adv., comple'texESS music), [prec + -er j
]
n. [f. L completus p.p. of coMplere fill up] composing, n. In vbl senses ; c.-machine
complete 2, v.t. Finish; make whole or (for setting up type) c.-stick, metal instrument ;

perfect make up the amount of.

; So com- of adjustable width in which type is set. 1-ing ] ]

ple'tiox comple'tivE a. [f. prec]

n., co'mposite (-zi- or -zl-), a. & n. (Thing) made
eo'mplex n. Complex whole, [f. L com- up of various parts (Arch.) fifth classical or-
1
, ;

plexus -us (as foil.)] der, Ionic & Corinthian mixed (plant) of the ;

eo'mplex 2 Consisting of parts, com-

, a. Natural Order Comjwsitae, in which the so-
posite complicated c. sentence, one contain-
; ; called flower is a head of many flowers (as
ing subordinate clause(s). Hence comple'x- daisy, dandelion, &c>; (of ships) built of both
ity n., eo'mplexLY 2 adv. [f. L com( plectere wood. & iron c. (railway)carrwiigre, one with
;

plex- plait) embrace] compartments of different classes c. candle ;

comple'xion, n. Natural colour, texture, (of stearic acid & stearin of coco-nut oil). Hence
& appearance, of the skin (esp. of face); (fig.) co'mpositeLY 2 adv., co'mpositeNESS n. [f.
character, aspect, as his conduct wears another L CO M( ponere posit- put)]
c. Hence -complexionED 2 , comple'xion- composition, n. Act of putting together
less, aa. [F, f. L complexionem (as prec, see formation, construction formation of words ;

-ion) orig. = combination of supposed qualities into a compound word construction of sen-
; ;

determining nature of a body] tences, art of literary production ; act, art, of

compliance, n. Action in accordance with composing music ; setting up of type mental ;

request, command, &c; in c. with, according to constitution, as a touch of madness in his c. ;

(wish &c) base submission, [comply, -ance]
; arrangement (of the parts of a picture &c)
compliant, a. Disposed to comply, yielding. thing composed, mixture piece of music or ;

Hence compli'antLY 2 adv. [-ant] writing agreement for cessation of hostilities

;

eo'mplieaey, n. Complexity complicated ; compromise ; agreement for payment of sum

structure, [f. L as foil., see -acy] in lieu of larger sum or other obligation, as
co'mplicate, v.t. Mix up(with otherthings); made a c. xoith his creditors. [F, f. L composi-
make intricate (esp. in p.p.). [f. L coM(plicare tionem (as prec, see -ion)]
fold), see -ate 3 ] eompd'sitive, a. Combining, [f. L compo-
complication, n. Involved condition; en- site as (as prec, see -ive)]
tangled state of affairs complicating circum- ; compo'sitop, n. Type-setter, [f. AF com-
stance, as here is a further c. [I. L complicatio positour f. L compositorem (as prec, see -or 2 )}
(as prec, see -ation)] co'mpos (me'ntis),R. In one's right mind
complicity, n. Partnership in an evil ac- non c, not in one's right mind. [L]
tion, [f. L com( plex -plicis f. plic- fold), see -ty] compo'ssible, a. Able to coexist (with),
co'mpliment 1 , n. Polite expression of [F, f. med.L com( possibilis possible)]
praise, as pay, make, a c. act implying praise ; ; co'mpost n. Compound manure; com-
1
,

(pi.) formal greetings, as make, pay, seixd one's bination. [OF, f. L as composite]
cc. cc. of (greetings appropriate to) the season
;
; co'mpost 2 , v.t. Treat with, make into, com-
(archaic) gift, gratuity. Hence complime'n- post, [f. OFcomposter (prec)]
tARY 1 a. [F, f. It. complimento f. Sp. cumpli- compo'supe (-zher), n. Tranquillity, [f.
miento fulfilment of the duties of courtesy f. L compose + -ure]
as COMPLEMENT 1
; cf. COMPLY] compota'tion, Tippling together. So n.
co'mpliment 2 , v.t. Pay a compliment to eo'mpotatOR 2 L compotatio f. *com- n. [f.
(person on thing) present (person with thing) as
; ( potare drink) see -ation]
mark of courtesy, [f. F complimenter (prec)] eo'mpote, n. Fruit preserved in syrup. [Ft
eo'mplin(e), n. (R.-C. Ch.) last service of f. OF composte f. L fem. p.p. as composite]
the day. [ME cumplie f. OF conplie f. L com- compou'nd 1
, v.t. & i. Mix (ingredients,
pleta (hora) see complete; -in unexplained; combine (verbal elements) into a lit. & fig.) ;

mod. E of ten uses pi. after F complies -e is mod. ]

word make up (a composite whole) settle
, ;
; ;

comply, v.L Act in accordance (with wish, (matter by mutual concession, debt by partial
command, &c, or abs.). [f. It. complire f. Sp. payment, subscription by lump sum, or abs.)
cumplir complete, cf. compliment] condone (liability, offence) for money &c c. a ;
co'mpo, n. (pi. -os). Abbr. of composition, felony, forbear prosecution on private motive
esp. = stucco, plaster. (intr.) come to terms (with person for forgoing
component, a. & n. Forming a whole (n.) claim &c, for offence). Hence compou'nd- ;

c part. [f. L coM(ponere put), -ent] able a. [ME compounen f. OF compondrei.

eompop't, v.t. &i. Conduct, behave, oneself; L COM( ponere put), whence obs. compone]
c. with, suit, befit, [f. L com( portare carry)] co'mpound 2, a. & n. Made up of several
compo'se (-z), v.t. (Of elements) make up, ingredients consisting of several parts com- ; ;

constitute, (esp. pass., be composed of); con- bined, collective c. fracture (complicated with ;

struct in words, produce in literary form, skin wound); c. addition, subtraction, &c,
(poem &c, or abs.) (Mus.) invent & put into (dealing with various denominations) c. in-
; ;
proper form set (words) to music (Print.) set terest 1 (Zool., Bot.) consisting of a combina-
;
; ;

xip (type) to form words & blocks of words, set tion of organisms, or simple parts, as c. animal,

For compounds of co- not given consult CO-.

 COMPOUND 169 CONCEPTION
c.floiver ; c. householder (whose rates are paid eo-mrade, n. Companion, mate. Hence
by landlord & included in rent); (n.) mixture co'mradesHiP n. [f. F camarade f. Sp. ca-
or elements, c thing, esp. c. word. [prig, p.p. of marada chamber-mate, lit. chamberful (cama-
compoun. see prec.J ra room f. L camera, see -ade) -o- p-rob to ;

co'mpound 3 , n. (In India, China, &c.) en- repr.sound of Sp. a]

closure in which house or factory stands, Co'mtism, n. = positivism. So Co'mtiST
{perh. f. Malay kampong] n. [Auguste Comte, founder, + -ism]
comprador', n. (In China) chief native con !, v.t. C. (over) study learn by heart, : ;

servant in European house of business. [Port., [earlier spelling and pron. cun, a differentiation
= buyer, f. LL comparatorem f. com( parare of can (pres. st. cun-)]
furnish), see -OR 2 ] eon 2, v.t. Direct steering of ship; con-
comprehe'nd, v.t. Grasp mentally, under- ning-tower, shot-proof pilot-house of ironclad,
stand, (person, thing) include, take in. [f. L ; [perh. weakened form of cond, condue, f. F corc-
com( pre hendere -hens- grasp)J duire f. hconducere conduct v.]
eomprehe'nsible, a. That may be under- eon 3, prep. (It.). With
Mus.), as c. brio
(esp.
stood that may be comprised. Henr-j com-
; (spirit), espressione (expression^ fuoco (fire),
ppehensiBixiTV n., eomprehe'nsibiv moto (spirited movement). -

adv. [f. L comprehensibilis (as prec, see -ble)J con-, pref. = L cum (see com-) before c dfg
com prehe'nsion, n. Act, faculty, of under- jlmnpqstv.
standing inclusive power, as a term of wide c.
; eo-naere (-ke?-), n. (In Ireland) letting by ;

toleration of divergent opinions (esp. Eccl.). [f. tenant of small portions of land prepared for
L comprehensio (as prec, see -ion)] crop, [corn + acre]
comprehe'nsive, a. Of understanding, as con amor'e, adv. Zealously. [It.]
c. faculty ; including much, as c. term, c. grasp concatenate, v.t. Link together (fig.). So
(fig. & lit.). Hence comppehe'nsiveLv 2 eoncatenA'TioN n. [f. L coN(catenare f.
adv., comprehe'nsiveNESS n. (f. L com- catena chain), see -ate 3 ]
prehensivus (as prec, see -ive)] co'ncave, a. & n. With outline or surface
compress 1
, v.t. Squeeze together; con- curved like interior of circle or sphere (cf. con-
dense (air, language, thoughts). Hence com- vex); (n.)csurface,esp. vault of heaven. Hence
ppe'ssiVE a. [f. OF compresser f. L compres- or cogn. co'neaveLV 2 adv., eonea'viTY n.
sare com( primere press- = premere press)]
f. [F, f. L cox(cavus hollow)]
eo*m press 2 , n. Soft pad of lint &c for com- conca'vo-, in comb. Concavely, concave &
pressing artery &c piece of wet cloth covered ; — as c.-concave, concave on both sides, c.-con-
,

with waterproof bandage, for relief of inflam- vex, concave one side, convex the other, [-o-]
mation, [f. F compresse f. L fern. p.p. as prec] conceai, v.t. Keep secret; hide. Hence
compressible, a. That may be compressed. eoncea'lMENTn. [f. OFco?iceZerf.LcoNceZare]
Hence compressiBiLiTV n. [compress + 1
concede, v.t. Admit, allow, (statement,
if on L comprimere, not compressare]
-ible, as that) ; grant (right, privilege), [f. F conceder f.
compression, n. Squeezing together, con- L coN(cedere, -cess- yield)]
densation, (lit. & fig.). So eompre'ssoR 2 n. concei't 1 Personal vanity fanciful
(-et), n. ;

[F,f. L compressionem (as compress l see -ion)] , notion in my own c. (judgment) out of c, no
; ;

compri'se (-z), v.t. Include, comprehend; longer pleased with. [f. conceive on deceit]
consistof, as the house comprises 9 bedrooms concei't 2 (-et), v.t. (archaic). Imagine ; per-
&c. condense {within limits &c). Hence eom-
; suade oneself (that), [f. prec]
pri'SABLE a. [f. F comprendre (p.p. compris) coneei'ted, a. Vain (orig. self-c). Hence
f. L as comprehend, prob. after enterprise] concei'tedLV 2 adv.[conceit + -ed 2 1
]
co'mpromise 1
(-z», n. Settlement of dispute conceivable, a. That can be (mentally)
by mutual concession adjustment of (between) ; conceived. Hence coneeivaBixiTY, cori-
conflicting opinions, courses, &c, by modifica- eei'vableNESS, nn., eoneervabLY 2 adv. [f.
tion of each. ff. F compromis f. L coM(promit- foil. + -able]
tere promise)] eoneei've (-ev), v.t. & i. Become pregnant
co'mpromise 2 , v.t. & i. Settle (dispute) by with become pregnant form in the mind,
; ;

mutual concession ; (intr.) make a compromise; imagine, (also c. of) fancy, think, (that) for-
; ;

bring (person, oneself) under suspicion by in- mulate, express, (usu. pass., as conceived in plain
discreet action, [f. prec] terms), [f. OF concevcir (st. conceiv-) f. L CON-
comptroller (kon-), n. Mis-spelling of con- (cipere cent- = capere take)]
troller in some titles, asC. of accounts. conce'iebrate, v.i. (R.-C.Ch., of, newly or-
compulsion, n. Constraint, obligation. [F, dained priest) celebrate mass with ordaining
f. L compulsionem (as compel, see -ion)] bishop. Hence coneelebrA'TiON n. [f. L
compu'lsive, a. Tending to compel. Hence con (celebr are celebrate)]
compu'lsiveLV 2 adv. [f. L as compel, -ive] eon'centrate, v.t. & i. Bring together to
compu'lsory,a. (Of action, agent) enforced; one point (troops, power, attention) (Chem.) ;

compelling. Hence compu'lsoriLV 2 adv., increase strength of (liquid &c) by contracting

com pu'lsori ness n. volume (intr.) employ all one's power or
[as prec, -orv] its ;

compu'netion, n. Pricking of conscience ; (upon). Hence concentrA*TiON, attention

slight regret, scruple, as without c. Hence eo'neentrativeNESS, eo'neentratoR 2 nn., ,

eompu'nctious a., compu'netiousLY' 2 eo'neentratiVE a. [as f a L coN(centrare f. .

adv. [OF, f. L compunctionem f. coM(pungere centrum centre), -ate 3 ]

punct- prick), see -ion] conee'ntre, v.t. & i. Bring, come, to a com-
compurgation, n. Clearing from a charge, mon centre, [f. F concentrer (as prec)]
vindication, esp. (Eng. Hist.) trial & purgation concentric, a. Having a common centre
by oath. So co'mpurgatOR 2 n„ compur'- (with or abs.) (Mil.) c. fire, firing concentrated ;

g*atORV a. [f. L compurgatio f. com( purgare on a point.Hence conee'ntriCALLY adv.,

purify) see -ation] eoneentrreiTY n. [L med. L con (centricus,
compu'te, v.t. Reckon (number, amount, as centre)]
that, or abs.). So eompu'tABLE (or ko"m-), co'ncept, n. Idea of a class of objects, general
compu'tATivE (orko'm-haa., computA'TiON notion, L as conceive][f.
n. [f. F computer f. L C0M(pidare reckon)] conception, n. Conceiving (in all senses);
6*
 ; ; ;;

CONCKPTIVE 170 CONCRETE

thing conceived, idea. Hence eonee'ptionAL conciliation, n. Reconcilement; use of
a. IF, f. Lconceptionem (as prec, -ion)] conciliating measures ; Court of c. (offering
eonee'ptive, a. Conceiving (mentally), of parties a voluntary settlement). [f.L conciliatio
conception, [f. L conceptivus (as prec, see -ive)] (as prec, see -ation)]
conceptual, a. Of mental conceptions, [f. conci'nnity, n. Elegance, neatness, of lite-
med. L conceptualis {conceptus -us as prec, -al] rary style, [f. L concinnitas (concinnus well-
conce'ptualism, n. Doctrine that univer- adjusted, etym. dub., see -ty)]
sals exist as mental concepts (only) ; doctrine conci'se (-s), a. Brief in expression (of speech,
that the mind can form ideas corresponding to style, person). Hence eonei'seLY 2 adv., con-
abstract terms. So eonee'ptualiST n. [-ism] ci'seNESS n. [f. L C0N(cictere cis- =caedere cut)]
eoneep'n 1 , v.t. Relate to, affect; interest conci'sion (-zhn), n. Mutilation (in Phil. iii.
oneself (with, in, about, matter, to do) ; be con- 2,= circumcision, contemptuously); conciseness.
cerned (take part) m; I am
not concerned, it is [F, f. L concisionem (as prec, see -ion)]
not my business (to) (in p.p.) troubled, as a con-
; co'nclave, n. Meeting-place, assembly, of
cerned air, am concerned to hear ; concerning cardinals for election of Pope private assembly, ;

(prep.), about., [f. F concerner f. L con (cemere as in c. [F, f. L conclave lock-up place f.
sift, regard), in med. L = have regard to] clavis key) |

eoneep'n , n. Relation, reference, (with)

2 conclu'de, v.t. i. Bring to an end ; make &
have no c. (nothing to do) with ; have a c. (in- an end ; (of things) come to an end infer ;

terest, share) in ; anxiety, solicitous regard, as settle, arrange, (treaty &c); resolve (to do),
asked with deep c. ; matter that affects one, as [f. L cos(cludere clus- = claudere shut)]
no c. of mine ; (pi.) affairs, as meddling in my conclu'sion, n. Termination ; final result
cc. ;business, Arm, as a flourishing c. ; (collbq.) in c, lastly, to conclude ; inference ; decision ;
thing, as smashed the whole c. [f. prec] (Logic) proposition deduced from previous ones,
eoneer'nment, n. Affair, business ; impor- esp. last of three forming a syllogism ; try cc.
tance, as of vital c; being concerned (with); with, engage in a trial of skill &c with ; set-
anxiety, [-ment] tling, arrangement, (of peace &c). [F, f. L con-
eo'neept 1 , n. Agreement, union, as work in clusionem (as prec, see -ion)]
c. (with) ; combination of voices or sounds, as conclu*sive,a. Decisive, convincing. Hence
voices raised in c; musical entertainment; c- eonelirsiveLY 2 adv., eoneUrsiveNESS n.
grand, grand piano of brilliant tone for cc ; c- [f. LL conclusivus (as prec, see -ive)]
pitch (slightly higher than the ordinary). [F, conco'ct, v. t. Make up of mixed ingredients
f. It. concerto, as foil.] (soup, drink, story, plot). Hence or cogn. eon-
eoneer*t 2, v.t. Arrange (by mutual agree- eo'ctiON, conco'ctOR 2 , nn., conco'ctiVE a.
ment, also of one person), [f. F concerter f. It. [f. L cos(coquere coct- cook)]
concertare accord together connexion with L; conco'lopous (cul-), a. (nat. hist.). Of uni-
conceHare contend, doubtful] form colour, [f. L coN(coZor colour) + -ous]
eoncep'ted, a. In vbl senses also (Mus.) ;ar- conco'mitance, -cy, n. Coexistence, esp.
ranged in parts for voices or instruments, [-ed j ] (-ance) of body blood of Christ in each of the&
eoneer tuna (-te-), n. Portable musical wind eucharistic elements, [f. L concomitantia (as
instrument, with set of keys at each end. Icon- foil., see -ANCE, -ancy)]
cert 1 + -INA 1 ] eoned'mitant, a. n. Going together, as &
concer'to (-tshar-), n. Composition (usu. in c. circumstances; (n.) accompanying thing.
three movements) for solo instrument(s) accom- Hence conco'mitantLY 2 adv. [f. L con-
panied by orchestra. [It., see concert a ] (comitari f. comes -iiiitis companion), see -ant]
conee'ssion, n. Act of conceding ; thing co'ncopd, n. Agreement, harmony, between
conceded. Hence conce'ssionARY l a, [F, f. persons or things ; treaty ; (Mus.) chord satis-
L concessionem (as concede, see -ion)] factory in itself without others to follow;
eoncession(n)aipe*, n. Holder of conces- (Gram.) agreement between words in gender,
sion, grant, &c, esp. of monopoly given by go- number, &c [f. F Concorde f. L Concordia f.
vernment to foreigner. [F (-nn-), prec, -ary 1 ] coN(cors f. cor cordis heart) of one mind]
concessive, a. Of, tending to, concession ; concop'dance, n. Agreement ; alphabetical
(Gram.) expressing concession, [f. luconcessi- arrangement of chief words (verbal c.) or sub-
vus (as concede, oee -ive)] jects (real c.) occurring in a book (esp. the
conce'ttism (-tshet-), n. Use of fanciful turns Bible) or author, with citations of the passages
(It. concetti) in literatura. [-ism] concerned. [F, f. LL concordantia (foil., -ance)]
conch (-k), n. Shell-fish ; shell of mollusc, concop'dant, a. Agreeing, harmonious,
-

esp. (Rom. Myth.) as trumpet of a Triton (with or abs.); in musical concord.

;
Hence
(Arch.) domed roof of semicircular apse ; (also coneop'dantLY 2 adv. [F, f. L concordare
concha) external ear, its central concavity, [f. (concors), see concord and -ant]
L concha shell f. Gk kogkhe mussel &c] concop'dat, n. Agreement between Pope
conchi'fepous (-k-), a. (zool., geol.). Shell- and a secular government. [F, f. L concorda-
bearing, [as prec, see -ferous] tum neut. p.p. as prec]
eoneho'logy (-k-), n. Study of shells & co'ncoupse, n. Crowd; confluence oLthings,
shell-fish. So coneholo'g'iCAL a., eoneho*- as fortuitous c. of atoms, [f. OF concours f. L
logiST n. [as conch, see -logy] concursus -us (as concur)]
concierge (F), n. (In France &c) door-keep- eoncpe'scence, n.(biol.). Coalescence, grow-
er, porter, (esp. of flats &c). ing together, [f. L concrescentia (as foil., see
eonerliap, a. Of ecclesiastical councils, [f. -ence)]
L concilium council + -ar ] 1 eo'ncpete ',a. &n. (Gram., of noun) denoting
conciliate, v.t. Gain (esteem, goodwill) a thing as opposed to a quality, state, or action,
pacify; win over (to one's side &c) reconcile not abstract existing in material form, real
; ;

(discrepant theories). Hence or cogn. conei*- in the c, in sphere of reality. (N.) c thing;
liatiVE, conei'liatORY, aa., conei'liatoR -, composition of gravel cement, &c for building, , ,

eonei'liatopiNESS, nn. [f. L conciliare (as (attrib.) made of this. Hence co'ncpeteLY 2
prec), see -ate 8 ] adv. [f. L cox(crescere crct- grow)]

For compounds of co- not given consult CO-

 ;,
;; ;;;;

CONCRETE 171 CONDUCT

concrete 2 , v.t. & i. (-kre't) form into a mass, sion, esp. patronizing. Hence eondeseend-
solidify ; (ko"n-) treat with concrete, [f. prec] ingLY 2 adv. [prec. -ing 2 ] +
concretion, n. Coalescence concrete mass, ; condescension, n. Affability to inferiors
esp. (Path.) morbid formation in the body, stone, patronizing manner, [f. L condescensio (as
(Geol.) mass formed of solid particles, whence condescend, see -ion)]
concre'tion ary a.; embodiment in concrete condig'n, a. Adequate (c. punishment, ven*
1

form. [f. L concretio (as concrete l see -ion)] geance). Hence eondig~nLY 2 adv. [f. F con* ,

concu'binage, n. Cohabiting of man and digne f. L coN(dignus worthy)]

woman not legally married having, being, a co'ndiment, n. Thing used to give relish to
;

concubine. [F, as concubine, see -age)] food. Hence condime'ntiL a. [F, f. L con-
eoneirbinary, a. & n. (Person) living in dimentum (condirz pickle, see -ment)]
concubinage of, sprung from, concubinage.
; condition \ n. Stipulation, thing upon the
[f. L conciihinarius (as foil., see -ary *)] fulfilment of which depends that of another;
co'ncubine, n. Woman who cohabits with on c. that, if, provided that; (Gram.) clause
a man, not being his wife (among polygamous expressing a c. (pi.) circumstances, esp. those
; ;

peoples) secondary wife. [F, f. L C0N(cubina f. essential to a thing's existence, as the cc. of
cubare lie)] equilibrium, favourable cc, under existing cc. ;
concu'piscence, n. Sexual appetite; (N.T.) state of being, as eggs arrived in good c, per-
desire for worldly things, [f. L concupiscent ia sons of humble c. ; in, out of, c, in good, bad, c.
(as foil., see -ence)] change one's c, marry, [f. OF condition f. L
concu'piscent, a. Lustful, eagerly desirous, condicionem f. con (dicere, weak st. die-, say),
[f. L concupiscere inceptive of C0N(cupere de- agree upon, see -ion]
sire), see -ent] condition 2 , v.t.
Stipulate (that) agree by ;

concur', v.i. (-rr-). Happen together, coin- stipulation the size is conditioned by
(to do) ;
cide; (of circumstances &c.) co-operate (with (depends on) the requirements ; the two things c.
or abs.); agree in opinion (with). So con- (are essential to) each other ; they c. the universe
cu'ppence n. [f. L coN(cwrrere curs- run)] (impose conditions on it) aneiv; (Commerc.)
concu'ppent, a. n. &
Running together, as test the condition of (material), [f. OF condi-
parallel lines ; existing together ; co-operating cionner f. med. L conditionare (as prec.)]
agreeing; c. lease (made before the former conditional, a. & n. Not absolute, depen-
expires) c. fire insurance (of which the risk
; dent (on or abs.) (Gram.) c. ; clause, one expres-
is definitely proportioned among several com- sing a condition, protasis, c. mood in French
panies) ; (n.) c. circumstance. Hence con- and Italian verbs, that used in the apodosis
cu'PPentLV 2 adv. [as concur, see -ent] (n.) c. word, conjunction, mood, clause. Hence
concu'ss, v.t. Shake violently, agitate, conditiona'liTY n., condi'tionalLY 2 adv.
(usu. fig.); intimidate, [f. L cox(cutere ctiss- [f. OF
condicionel f. L condicionalis (as con-
=quatere shake)] dition 1, see -al)]
eoncu'ssion, n. Violent shaking; shock; condi'tioned, a. 1. Having a (specified) dis-
(Surg.) injury to brain &c, caused by heavy position, as ill, well, -c. ; in a (specified) condi-
blow &c; c.-bellows, self-acting reservoir regu- tion, as well-c. ground, cattle ; circumstanced.
lating wind in organ ; c.-fuse (in shell, ignited 2. Subject to conditions, [condition J^-f-ED 2 1 ] '

by c.) [f. L concussio (as prec, see -ion)] condo'latopy, a. Expressing condolence,
condemn (-em), v.t. Censure, blame give ; [f. foil, on anal, of consolatory &c]
judgment against bring about conviction of,; condole, v.i. Express sympathy (with or
as his looks c. him doom (to death, to be ; abs.). Hence condo'lENCE n. [f. LcoN(dolere
beheaded also fig. to toil &c.
; condemned ) ; suffer)]
cell, pew, sermon, (for condemned persons) pro- ; cdndomi'nium, n. (diplom.). Joint control
nounce forfeited (smuggled goods &c), unfit of a State's affairs vested in two or more other
for use, incurable. Hence eonde'mnABLE States, [con-, L dominium dominion]
(-inn-) a. [f. OF condemner f. L con(demnare condo'ne, v.t. Forgive, overlook, (offence,
=damnare damage, condemn)] esp. matrimonial infidelity) ; (of actions) atone
condemnation (-mn-), n. Censure judicial ; for (offence). So eondonATiON n. [f. L con-
conviction; ground for condemning, as his (donare give)]
oitm conduct is his c. [f. L condemnatio (as co'ndop, n. Large S.-Amer. kind of vulture
prec, see -ation)] California C, great vulture of California. [Sp.,
condemnatory (-mn-), a. Expressing con- f. Peruviai cuntur]
demnation, [f. L as condemn, see-ORY] condottier'e (-tyari), n. (pi. -ri, pron. -re).
condensation, n. Act of condensing (t. & Leader of troop of mercenaries. [It. (condotto
i.); condensed mass. conduct + -iere for -iero -ary 1 )]
[f. L condensatio (as foil., hired, as 2,
see -ation)] condu'ee, v.i. (Usu. of events, rarely of
condense, v.t. & i. Compress; condensed persons) lead, contribute, to (result). Hence
milk (reduced by evaporation); concentrate eondireivE a., condu'eiveNESS n. [f. L
(rays of light) increase intensity of (electricity)
; cos(ducere load)]
reduce, be reduced, from gas or vapour to eo'nduct *, n. Leading, guidance, (cf. safe-
liquid ;compress into few words. Hence or conduct) c.-money (paid to a witness for
;

cogn.condensaBi *LiTY,eondensA tion, nn. #

travelling expenses) manner of conducting ;

conde'nsABLE a. [(prob. thr. F condenser) f. L (business &c); (Art) mode of treatment; beha-
CONldensare densus thick)]
f. viour (esp. in its moral aspect, as good, bad, c).
condenser, n. In vbl senses esp. chamber ; : [partly f. F conduite f. LL *conducta (fern. p.p.
in steam-engine in which steam is condensed as noun), partly f. F conduit (whence also con-
on leaving cylinder apparatus for accumulat- ; duit) f. L conductus -us both as foil.] ;

ing electricity lens, system of lenses, concen-

; eondu'et 2, v.t. & i. Lead, guide, to; (of
trating light. [-ER 1 ] road) lead to command (army) direct (orches-
; ;

condescend, v.i. Deign, stoop, (to an act, tra, concert, or abs.) direct, manage, (business
;

to do) ; waive
one's superiority (to a person) &c.) ; oneself, behave (well, with judgment,
c.
(Sc.) c. upon, specify (particulars), [f. F con- &c.) ; (Physics) transmit (heat &c). [f. F con-
descendre f. L con (clescendere descend)] duit p.p. of conduire f. L coa(ducere duct-
condescending -
, a. Showing condescen- lead) ; refash. on L in 16th c]
 ; ;

CONDUCTIBLE 172 CONFISCATE

eondiretible, a. Capable of conducting (of priest) hear confession. Hence confe'ss-
(heat &c.) or (rarely) edLV 2 adv. [f. OF confesser f. LL confessare
being conducted. Hence
conduetiBixiTV n. [f. prec, see -ble] frequent, of L cos(fiterifess- =fateri)\
condu'ction, n. Transmission (of heat by confession, n. Acknowledgment (of offence,
contact &c); conducting (of liquid through fact, &c.) auricular c. (of sins to priest), whence ;

pipe &c, esp. of natural processes). So eon- confession ary 1 a. thing confessed c. of ; ;

diretrvE a., conducti'vixy n. [f. Lconductio faith, declaration of religious doctrine, creed ;

(as conduct 2 see -ion)] ,

(formerly) tomb of confessor. [F, f. L con-
eondu'etor, n. Leader, guide manager fessionem (as prec, see -ion)] ; ;

director of orchestra; official in charge of confessional, a. & n. Of confession (n.) ;

passengers on omnibus, tram, or (U.S.) tra.^. stall in which

priest hears confession, as secrets
thing that conducts or transmits (esp. heat &c, of the c. [(adj.) prec. +-al; (n.) F, f. med. L
as good, bad, non-, c.) lightning-c, rod at top ; confessionale (neut. adj. as n.)]
of building, conducting electricity away into confe'ssionist, n. Adherent of a creed, esp.
earth. Hence eondiretorsHiP, eondu'et- of the Augsburg Confession (Lutheran), [f. F
pess 1
, nn. [f. F conducteur f. L conductorem confessioniste (-ist)]
(asconduct 2 see -or 2)] ,
confe'ssor, n. One who confesses one who ;

conduit (ku'ndit, ko*n-), n. Channel or pipe avows his religion in face of danger, but does
forconveying liquids (or fig.), [see conduct *] not suffer martyrdom The C, King Edward ;

eondu'plieate, a.(bot). Folded lengthwise the C; priest who hears confession. [L (as con-
along middle, [f. LcoN(d uplicare duplicate)] fess, see -or 2 )]
co'ndyle (-11), n. (anat.). Rounded process at confe'tto, n. (usu. in pi., -ti). Plasterbonbons,
end of bone, forming articulation with another bits of coloured paper, used as missiles in the
bone. Hence eo'ndyloiD a. [F, f. L f. Gk carnival &c [It., = sweetmeat]
kondulos knuckle] confida'nt, n. (fern, -ante, pron. -ant). Per-
cone, n., & v.t. & i. Solid figure with circular son trusted with private (usu. love) affairs.
(or other curved) base, tapering to a point [18th c perh. meant to repr. sound of F co?i-
;

(generated by straight line that always passes fident, -ente (as foil., see -ant)]
through a fixed point, and describes any fixed confi'de, v.t. & i. Repose confidence in;
curve); fruit of pine or fir; marine shell of impart (secret to) entrust (object of care, task, ;

genus Conus; c.-shaped thing, esp. (Meteorol.) to), [f. L cos(Jidere trust)]
foul- weather signal cones, fine flour used
; co'nf idence, n. Firm trust assured ex- ;

by bakers for dusting troughs (v.t.) shape like pectation boldness; impudence; imparting of
; ;

c.; (v.i.) bear cc. [(vb f. n.) f. L f. Gk konos] private matters thing so imparted told in c. ; ;

co'ney. See cony. (as a secret) c. trick, persuading victim to en- ;

confa'b, n., & v.i. Colloq. abbr. of confabu- trust valuables to one as sign of c [f. L con-
lation or foil. fidentia (as prec, see -ence)]
confa'bulate, v.i. Converse, chat, (with or co'ntident, a. & n. Trusting, fully assured,
abs.). Hence or cogn. eonfabulATiON n., (that, of, or abs.), bold; impudent; (n.) con-
eonfa'bulatORV a. [f. L coMfabulari f. fidant, sharer of (secret). Hence eenfident-
fabula tale), see -ate 3 ] lv 2 adv. ,as confide, see -ent]
confection, n., & v.t. Mixing, compound- confidential -shl), a. Spoken, w ritten, in r

ing thing compounded, esp. preserve, sweet- confidence; entrusted with secrets; charged
;

meat, whence confeetionARY > a. ; ready- with secret service. Henceconfidentia'liTY

made article of (usu. female) dress, mantle, (shi), eonfide'ntialNESS, nn., confiden-
wrap, &c. (v.t.) prepare, make, (a c). [(vb f. tiali.v 2 adv. [as confidence + -al]
; .

n.) F, f. L confectionem f. con( ficere feet- = eonfigfura'tion, n. Mode of arrangement,

facere make), see -ion] conformation, outline , (Astr.) relative position
confectioner, n. Maker of sweetmeats, of planets &c [f. L configuratio (foil., -ation)]
pastry, &c. (usu. for sale). Hence eonfeetion- confi'grure (-ge?'), v.t. Give shape to (usu.
ery(1, 2) n. [-er J ] fig.), [f. L con( figurare figure)]

confederacy, n. League, alliance con- eo'nflne'.n. (usu. pi.). Border-land, esp. (fig.) ;

spiracy collusion body of confederate persons between two classes of ideas &c If. F confins
; ;

or States, as Southern C, Confederate States pi. f. med. Lcos(fines pi. adj. i. finis end, limit)]
of America, [as foil., see -acv (3)] eonfl'ne 2, v.t. & i. Keep (person, thing, one-
confederate 1 (-at), a. & n. Allied (lit. & self, within, to, limits) imprison (pass.) be in ; ;

fig.); C. States of America (seceding from the childbed, be brought to bed (rarely) c. with, be ;

Union, 1860-5) (n.) ally, esp. in bad sense,

;
adjacent to. [f. F confiner f. It. confinare (con-
accomplice, [f. L cos(foederare f. foedus -eris fino f L as prec. )] .

league), see -ate 2] confinement, n. Imprisonment; being con-

confederate 2, v.t. & i. Bring (person, fined, esp. in childbed limitation. [F (-ment)] ;

State, oneself), come, into alliance (with). So eonfip'm, v. t. Establish more firmly (power,
eonfederATiON n. [as prec, see -ate 3 ] possession, person in possession) ratify (treaty ;

co'nfer^v. (imperat.t. Compare (abbr. cf). [L] possession, title, to person) corroborate (state- ;

confer* 2, v.t. & i. (-rr-). Grant, bestow, (title, ment, evidence), whence eonfir'm ati ve, con-
degree, favour, &c, on) (intr.) converse, take fip'matORY, aa., confir'mativeLY 2 adv.;
;

counsel, (icith or abs.). Hence confer'ME nt n., establish, encourage, (person in habit, opinion,
confer'rABLE a. [f. L coN(/erre bring)] &c.) administer religious rite of confirmation ;

co'nference, n. Consultation annual as- to, whence ednfirmEE* n. ; a confirmed (in-

;

sembly of Wesleyan Methodist Connexion. So veterate) drunkard, disease, [f. OF confermer

eonfere'ntiAL a. [f. med. L conferentia (as t. L co s(firmare f. firmus firm)] i

prec, see -ence)] confirmation, n. Act of confirming; cor-

confess, v.t. & i. Acknowledge, as I c. my roboration rite administered to baptized per- ;

fault, that I did it, to doing it, to having done it, sons in various Christian Churches. [OF, f. L
to a dread of spiders formally declare one's confirmationem (as prec, see -ation)]
;

sins, esp. to a priest, whence confe*ssAN7 n.; confiscate, v.t. Appropriate to the public A

For compounds of co- not given consult CO-

 ; ;;;
;

CONFISCATION 173 CONGREGATION

treasury (by way of penalty) seize as by ; & i. [ME congye f. OF congiez f. L commeatus
authority. So confi'seABLE-, eonfi'seatoRY, -us leave of absence f. cOM(meare go) go & come
aa., eo'nfiseatOR 2 n. [f. L covi(fiscare f.fiscus now usu. treated as mod. F]
treasury), see -ate 3
] i. solidify by cool- congeal, v.t. & Freeze,
eontisea'tion, n. Act of confiscating; ing; coagulate (t. & i. of blood &c. or fig.).
(colloq.) legal robbery with sanction of ruling Hence eongea'lABLE a.. eongeaiMENT n.
power, [f. L confiscatio (prec, -ation)] [f. OF congeler f. L cox(gelare f. gelu frost)]
conflagration, n. Great & destructive fire congela'tion, n. Congealing congealed
;

(lit. & fig.), [f. L conjlagratio (coajlagrare burn state ;congealed substance, [f. L congelatio
Up, see FLAGRANT)] (as prec, see -ation)]
eonfla'tion, n. Fusing together
esp. fig. of co'ngener, n. & a. One of the same kind as
two variant readings into one. [f. L conflatie f. (of) another ; (adj.) akin, allied, (to), [(n. thr. F
CONiJtare blow), see -ation)] conge" nere)L C0N(ge?ier f. genus -eris kind)]
f.
co'nflict 1 , n. Fight, struggle, (lit. fig.); & congeneric, a. Of same genus, kind, race
collision clashing (of opposed principles &c).
; allied in nature or origin, [-ic]
[f. L conflietus -us (as foil.)] conge'nerous, a. Of same genus or (loosely)
eonfli'et 2, v.i. Struggle (with or abs., usu. family ; of same kind ; c. muscles (concurring
fig.); clash, be incompatible, whence eonfli'e- in same action), [-ous]
tiON n. [f. L coxi( fligere Jlict- strike)] congenial, a. (Of persons, characters, &c)
co'nfluent, a. &
Flowing together, unit- kindred, sympathetic, (with, to) suited, agree-
n. ;

ing, (of streams, roads, & fig.), so eo'nflu- able, (to). Hence eongenia'lnv n., conge'-
&c,
ence n. c. smallpox (when vesicles run to- nialLY-2 adv. [con- + genial]
;

gether) (n.) stream flowing with another (prop,

; congenital, a. Belonging to (with) one from
of same size), [f. L con (fluere flux- flow), -ent] birth (esp. of diseases, defects, &c). Hence
co'nflux, n. Confluence, [as f a L conflu-xus eonge'nitaiLY 2 adv. [f. L cox(genitus p.p.
.

-us (as prec.)] of gigno beget) + -al]

eonfor'm, v.t. & i. Form according to a eo'nger (-ngg-), n. Large sea eel (also c.-eel).
pattern, make similar (to) adapt oneself to ; ; [f. OF congre f. L conger -gri f. Gk goggros]
comply with (to), be conformable (to or
(intr.) conge'Pies (-j-), n. Collection, mass, heap.
abs.). Hence eonfor'm ance n. [f. F con- [L (as foil.)]
former f. L coN(/ormare f. forma shape)] congest (-j-), v.i. & t. (Intr.) accumulate to
confor*mable, a. Similar (to) ; consistent, excess (esp. in p.p.) affect with congestion ;

adapted, (to) tractable. Hence eonforma-

; (Med.) congested organ (overcharged with
bi "lit y n. , confop'mabL y 2 adv. [-a ble] blood). Hence eonge'stiVK a. [f. L con-
conforma'tion, n. Manner in which a thing (gerere gest- bring)]
is formed, structure adaptation (to), [f. L con- congestion, n. Abnormal accumulation of
;

formatio (as conform, see -ation)] blooain a part of the body (fig. of population,
confor'mist, n. One who conforms to usages traffic, &c). [F, f. L congestionem (as prec, see
of Church of England, [-ist] -ION)]
eonfor'mity, n. Likeness (to, with) com- co'nglobate, v. t. & & a. Form in to a ball ; i. ,

Jfliance (with, to), [f. F conformity f. L con- (adj.) so formed. So eonglobA'TiON n. [f. L
formisf. forma shape), see -ty] coa(globare f. globus), see -ate 2» 3
]
confou'nd <-ow-), v.t. Defeat (plan, hope) conglo'be, v.t. & i. =prec [as prec]
(mild oath) you,
c), esp. in p.p.,
c. it, ( = God congld'merate 1
(-at), a. & n. Gathered into
whence eonfoirndedLY adv.; (bibl.) put to 2 a round mass (Geol.) (pudding-stone, water-
;

shame ; throw into perplexity ; throw (things) worn fragments of rock) cemented into a mass
into disorder ; mix up confuse (in idea), [f. ; OF (cf. agglomerate), [f. L con (glomer are f.
confondre f. L con fundere f us- pour) mix up](
glomus -eris ball), see -ate 2 ]
eonfrater'nity, n. Brotherhood (esp. re- conglomerate 2, v.t. & i. Collect into a
ligious or charitable) body, gang. [F {-te"), f. coherent mass (lit. & fig.). So conglomePA*-
;

L con( fraternitatem fraternity)] tion, n. [as prec, see -ate 3 ]

confrere (F), n. Fellow-member of profes- conglu'tinate (-00-), v.t. & i. Stick together
sion, scientific body, &c. n. [f. L (as) with glue. So eonglutinA'TiON
confront (-tint), v.t. Meet face to face, stand con glutinare (gluten -inis glue), see -ate 3 ]
facing be opposite to face in hostility or defi-
; co'ngou (-nggoo, -6), n. Kind of black Chinese
;

ance ; (of difficulties &c) oppose bring (per-

; tea. [f. Chin, kung-fu^ch'a) labour (tea)]
son) face to face with (accusers &c. compare.
) ; congratulate, v.t. Address (person) with
Hence confrontA'TiON n. [f. F confronter f. expressions of sympathetic joy (on an event)
med. L cow(frontari f. frons -ntis face)] c. oneself, think oneself happy (on). Hence
Confu'cian, a. & n.
(Follower) of Confucius, congra'tulANT a. & n., congra'tulatiVE,
the Chinese Philosopher. Hence Confu'eian- congra'tulatORY, aa., congra*tulatOR 2 n.
ism n. [f. Confucius, latiniz. of ICung Fit tsze [f. Lcon (gratulari f. gratus pleasing), see -ate 3 ]
K'ung the master, + -an] congratulation, n. Congratulating; (pi.)
confu'se (-z), v.t. Throw into disorder; mix congratulatory expressions, [f. hcongratulatio
up in the mind; abash, perplex, (usu. pass.). (as prec, see -ation)]
Hence eonfu'sedLY 2 adv., eonfirsedNESsn. eo'ngregate, &
Collect, gather, into
v.t. i.
[f. L as confound] a crowd (of persons) or mass (of things), ff. L
conf u'sion, n. Act f. grex gregvi flock), see -ate 3 ]
of confusing confused
; coN(gregare
state tumult
; imprecation) c. ; (as congregation, n. Collection into a body .', drink c. to.
[OF, f. L confusionem (as prec, see -ion)] or mass assemblage general assembly of ; ;

confu'te, v.t. Convict (person) of error by (qualified) members of university; (bibl.) col-
proof; prove (argument) false. So ednfut- lective body of Israelites in wilderness, also,
a'tion n. [f. L GON(futare perh. f. same root public solemn assembly of the nation; (bibl.)
as fundere pour)] C. of Saints, the wicked, &c, (whole body);
conge (ko nzha, or as F), eo'ngee (-ji), n. body assembled for religious worship perma-
-

Dismissal without ceremony (archaic) bow, nent committee of Roman College of Cardinals,
;

esp. at parting (F) conge" d'6lire, royal permis-

; as the C. de propaganda fide. [f. F congrega-
sion to elect bishop. Hence eo'nge, -gee, v.t. tion f. L congregationem (as prec, see -ation)]
 ;;; ;

CONGREGATIONAL. 174 CONNIVE

eongreg-a'tional, a. Of a congregation ; conju'net, Joined together com- a. & n. ;

(with cap. C) of, adhering to, Congregational- bined ; (n.) c person or thing.
associated, joint ;

ism, [-al] Hence conju'nctLY adv. [f. L as conjoin] 2

Congpega'tionalism, n. System of eccle- conju'netion, n. Union, connexion; in c,
siastical polity that leaves legislative, discip- together (with) (Astr.) apparent proximity of ;

linary, and judicial functions to the individual two heavenly bodies combination of events ;

church. So CongregrationaliST n., Con- or circumstances number of associated per- ;

greg'a'tionalizE v.t. [prec. + -ism] sons or things (Gram.) uninflected word used ;

co'ngress, n. Coming together, meeting to connect clauses or sentences, or to co-

formal meeting of delegates for discussion, esp. ordinate words in same clause. Hence con-
of envoys or persons engaged in special studies, ju*netionAL a., eonju'netionalLY 2 adv.
as Church C, annual meeting of Church of Eng- [OF, f. L conjunctionem (as prec, see -ion)]
land, Social Science C, &c. national legislative conjunctive, a. & n. Serving to join, as
;

body of U.S. or S. & Central Amer. republics c. tissue (Gram.) (1) of the nature of a con- ;

its session C.-man, member of C. [f. L con-

;
junction, (2) uniting sense as well as construc-
gressus -us f. cox(gredi gress- = gradi walk)] tion, cf.disjunctive, (3) c. mood of verb, one
congressional, a. Of a congress, [f. L used only in conjunction with another verb, cf.
congressio (as prec, see -ion) + -al] subjunctive;(n.) c word or mood. Hence
Co'ngpeve, a. & n.
C. (match), kind of fric- conju'nctiveLY 2 adv. [f. L conjunctivus (as
tion match ; C. (rocket), kind formerly used in prec, see -ive)]
war. W. C, inventor]
[Sir conju'netupe (-tsher), n. Meeting of events
ecngruenee, -ey, n. Agreement, consis- or circumstances crisis, ; [f. F conjoncture f.

tency, (of one with another, between two), [f. L as conjoin, see -ure]
L congruentia (as foil., see -ence, -encv)] cdnjupa'tion, n. Solemn appeal ; incanta-
co'ngpuent, a. Suitable, accordant, (with). tion. [OF, f. L conjurationem (foil., -ation)]
[f. L cox(gruere not otherwise found), see -ent] conjure, v.t. & i. 1. (konjoor*). Appeal
eo'ngfpuous, a. Accordant, conformable, solemnly to (person to do). 2. (ku'njer). Con-
(with) ; fitting. Hence or cogn. congpu'iry strain (spirit) to appear by invocation (also c.
n.,co'ngruousLY 2 adv. [f. L congruus (as up, down, out of person) effect, bring out, ;

prec) + -ous] convey away, by juggling juggle c. up, cause ; ;

ed'nie, a. & n. Cone-shaped of a cone, as c. ; to appear to the fancy, [f. OF conjurer f. L

section ; (n. pi. )study of plane c. sections. Hence cox(jurare swear) band together by oath]
co'nicAL a., eo'niealLY 2 adv., ccniealNESS co'njupep, -op, n. One who practises leger-
n. [f. Gk
konikos (cone, -ic)] demain, juggler unusually clever person, as ;

conieo-, in comb. "With a conical tendency, he is no c. [(-er) f. prec. 4- -er 1 (-or) f. OF con- ;

as c.-cylindrical. [as prec] jureor f. ~Lconjuratorem (as prec, see -or 2 )]

cd'nifep, n. Cone-bearing plant. Hence eo- conk, n. (slang). Nose. [perh. = conch]
iii'ferous a. [L (as cone, see -ferous)] eo'nnate, a. Born with a person, innate
eo'niform, a. Cone-shaped, [cone, -form] (of two or more qualities &c.) born together,
cd'nine, eo'niine, n. An alkaloid, the coeval in origin (Bot., Zool.) congenitally ;

poisonous principle of hemlock, [f. L conium united (of leaves united at base &c). [f. Lcon-
f. Gk koneion hemlock 4- -ine ] (nasci not- be born)]
5

conje'etupal, a. Involving, given to, con- connatural, a. Innate, belonging naturally,

jecture. Hence conje'ctupalLY 2 adv. [f. L (to) ; of like nature. Hence conna*tupalLY 2
conjecturalis (as foil., see -al)] adv. [f. med. L con (naturalis natural)]
conjecture 1 , n. Formation of opinion connect, v.t. & i. Join (two things, one
without sufficient grounds, guessing, esp. in with, to, another) make coherent (arguments ;

textual criticism, of a reading not in the text &c); (pass.) have practical relations with;
a ft, a guess, proposed reading. [F, f. L conjec- associate mentally unite with others in rela- ;

tura f. con( jiCere ject- =jacSre throw), see -ure] tionship &c (usu. pass, or refl.) (intr.) join on ;

conjecture 2, v.t. & i. Guess; propose (a (with). Hence conne*ctER 1 (2), -or 2 nn., con- ,

conjectural reading); (intr.) make a guess. ne'ctiBLE a. [f. L coa(nectere nex- bind)]
Hence eonjeetuPABLE a.,conje*ctupabLY 2 connected, a. In vbl senses, esp.: joined
adv. [f. F conjecturer (prec.)] in sequence, coherent, whence eonne'eted ly 2
eonjoi'n, v.t. & i. Join (t. & i.) combine, [f. adv., eonne'ctedNESS n. related, as well c.
; ;

F conjoindre f. L coa(jungere junct-)] (with persons of good position), [-ed a ]

eonjoi'nt, a. United associated. Hence connective, a. Serving, tending, to con-
;

conjoi'ntLY 2 adv. [F, p.p. as prec] nect c. tissue of the body, fibrous tissue con- ;

eo'njug'al, a. Of marriage, as c. rights of necting & supporting the organs, [-ive] ;

husband or wife, as c. affection. Hence eon- connexion, -nection, n. Act of connect-

juga'liTY n., co'njugalLY 2 adv. [f. L con- ing state of being connected relation of ; ;

jugalis f. cox(jux -jugis f. root of jungere thought, as in this c. connecting part, as hot ;

join) consort, see -al] water cc. personal intercourse sexual rela- ; ;

eo'n jugate \ v.t. & i. (Gram.) inflect (verb) tion, as criminal c. (abbr. ctHm. con.) family ;

in voice, mood, tense, number, person (intr.) relationship relative religious body, as Wes- ; ; ;

unite sexually (Biol.) become fused, [f. L con- leyan c, whence eonnexionAL a.; body of
;

(jugare f.jugum j'oke) yoke together, see -ate 3 ] customers &c, as busi7iess w>ith a good c. in ;

co'njugrate 2 (-at), a. & n. Joined together, c. with, connected with, esp. of trains, boats,
esp. coupled (Gram.) derived from same root
;
&c, taking on passengers from others, [f. L
(Math.) joined in a reciprocal relation; (Biol.) connexio (as connect, see -ion)]
fused (n.) c word or thing, [as prec, see -ate ]
;
2 conni'vance, n. Conniving (at, in) tacit ;

conjugation, n. Joining together; (Gram.) permission, as done icith his c. [earlier -ence, f.
scheme of verbal inflexion ; fusion of
(Biol.) L conniventia (as foil., see -ence, -ance)]
two (apparently) similar cells for reproduction. conni've, v.i. Wink at (what one ought t©
Hence conjugation al a. [f. L conjugatio oppose), [f. L coN(nivere, cf. nicere make a
(as prec, see -ation)] sign, nictare wink)]

For compounds of co- not given consult co-.

 ;; ;;;

CONNIVENT 175 CONSERVATIVE

con ni* vent, a. (nat. hist.). Gradually con- consecrate 1 , a. Consecrated, [f. L coN(se-
vergent, [as connive, see -ent] crare=sacrare f. sacer -cri sacred), see -ate 2 ]
connoisseur (konaser -
), n. Critical judge consecrate 2 , v.t. Set apart as sacred (to) ;
(of, in, matters of Hence connois- devote to (purpose) sanctify. So consecra-
taste). ;

seup'SHip n. [F, £. L cognoscitorem t co(gno- te k 2 n., conseeratORY a. [prec, -ate 3 ]

scere become acquainted with), see -or 2 consecra'tion, n. Act of consecrating, ]
conno'te, v.t. (Of words) imply in addition dedication, esp. of church, churchyard, &c, by
to the primary meaning (of facts &c.) imply as bishop ordination to sacred office, esp. of
; ;

a consequence or condition (Logic) imply the ; bishop devotion to (a purpose),

; [f. L con.se-
attributes while denoting the subject (loosely) ; cratio (as prec, see -ation)]
mean. Hence or cogn. eonnotA'TiON n., eonse'etary, n. Deduction, corollary, [f.
conno'tativE eonno'tativeLY 2 adv. [f. L consectarium (neut. adj. as n.) f. consectari
a.,
L coa(7iotare f. nota mark) mark together] frequent, as foil.]
connu'bial.a. Of marriage of husband or consecu'tion, n. Logical sequence se- ; ;

wife. Hence eonnubia'liTY n., connu'bi- quence of events (Gram.) sequence of words, ;

alLY 2 adv. [f. L connubialis f. coN(«M&iwmf. tenses, &c [f. L consecutio f. coN(segwi secut-
ivubere marry), see -alJ pursue) overtake, see -ion)]
conoid, &
Cone-shaped; (n.) solid
a. n. consecutive, a. Following continuously
generated by revolution of a conic section (Gram.) expressing consequence, as c. clause ;

about its axis, also, any more or less cone- (Mus.) c. intervals (of the same kind, esp. fifths
shaped body. Hence conoi'dAL a. [f. Gk or octaves). Hence eonse'eutiveLY 2 adv.,
konoeides (as cone, see -oid)] conse'cutiveNESS n. [f. F consbcutif, -ive
co'nquer (-ker), v.t. Overcome by force; (as prec, see -ive)]
get the better of (habit, passion, &c.) acquire, ; consenescence, n. G eneral decay by age.
subjugate, (land). Hence co'nquePABLE a. [f. L coti(senescere grow old f. senex), -ence]
[f. OF conquerre f. L coa(quaerere seek, get)] consensual, a. (physiol.). Caused by sym-
co'nquepop (-ke-), n. One who conquers ;
pathetic action, [f. foil. + -al]
the C, William I ; (colloq.) play the c. (decisive consensus, n. Agreement (of opinion,
game), [f. OF conguereorf. L *conquaeretorem testimony, &c); (Physiol.) agreement of dif-
(conquaerere for -ere, see prec. & -or 2 )] ferent organs in effecting purpose. [L (as foil.)]
co'nquest (-kw-), n. Subjugation (of country consent \ v.i. Acquiesce, agree, (to a thing,
&c); the (Norman) C, acquisition of English to do, that, or abs.). [f. OF consentir f. L con-
crown by William of Normandy, 1066; con- (sentire sens- feel) agree]
quered territory person whose affections have
;
consent 2 , n. Voluntary agreement, com-
been won make a c. (of), win (person's) affec-
; pliance permission age of c. (at which c is
; ;

tions, [f. OF (1) conquest thing acquired bye. valid in law) (pro v.) silence gives c. with one
; ;

(2) conqueste action of c, f. L conquisita, fern, c, unanimously, [f. OF consente (as prec)]
p.p. of conquirere (-quaerere) conquer] consentaneous, a. Accordant, suited,
consa'nguine, a. =foll. [F(-in, -ine), as foil.] (to, with) ; unanimous, concurrent. Hence
consanguineous, consentane'iTY, consentaneousNESs,
a. Of the same blood,
akin. [f. L con (sanguineus f. sanguis -inis nn., consentaneous!. y 2 adv. [f. L consen-
blood) + -ous^ taneus (as consent + -ous] 1
)

consangu inity n. Blood-relationship (also consentient (-shnt), a. Agreeing; con-

,

fig.), [f. F consanguinity f. laconsanguinitatem

'

current consenting (to), [f. L as consent l ;

,
(as prec, see -ty)] see -ent]
conscience (-shwns), n. Moral sense of consequence, n. Result (of something
right & wrong good or clear, bad or guilty, c,
;
preceding) ; logical inference
in c, as a result ;

consciousness that one's actions are right, (of) ; importance

of (no) c, (un)important ;

wrong 'in all c, goodness knows have the c.

; ; social distinction, rank, as persoiis of c. [f. F
to, have the impudence to c. clause in act, one ; consequence f. L consequentia (as foil., -ence]
ensuring respect for the cc. of those affected consequent , n. Event that follows an-
1

c. money (sent to relieve the c, esp. in payment other second part of conditional proposition,
;

of evaded income-tax). Hence eonseienee- dependent on the antecedent; (Math.) second

less a. [F, f. liconscientia f. coa(scire know) be of two numbers in a ratio, second & fourth of
privy to, see -ence)] four proportionals, [as foil.]
conscientious (-shlensh-), a. Obedient to consequent 2, a. Following as a result (on) ;
conscience, scrupulous, (of persons or conduct). following logically logically consistent, [f. F ;

Hence conscientiously- adv., consci- consequent f. L coN(sequi follow), see -ent]

entiousNESS n. [f. F conscientieux, -euse, f. consequential, a. Following as a result
med. L conscientiosus (as prec, see -ous)] or inference following or resulting indirectly,
;

conscious, a. c. damages
Aware, knowing, self-important. Hence conse-
(o/fact, of as ;

external circumstances, that, or abs.) quentially y (shi) n., consequentially 2 ; with

mental faculties awake (of things) felt, sen- adv. [f. L as consequence + -al]
;

sible = self-conscious. Hence eonseious-

; consequently, adv. & conj. As a result
ly 2 adv. [f. L conscius f. C0N(sciVe know) be therefore, [-ly 2 ]
privy to + -ous] conser'vancy, n. Commission, court, con-
consciousness, n. State of being con- trolling a port, river, &c, as Thames C. offi- ;

scious totality of a person's thoughts & feel- cial preservation (of forests &c). [f. L as con-
;

ings, or of a class of these, as moral c. percep- serve 2 see -ancy] ; ,

tion (of, that), [-ness] conservation, n. Preservation c. of en- ;

conscri'be, Enlist by conscription, [f.

v.t. ergy, invariability in quantity of total energy
L C0N(scribere script- write) enrol] of any system of bodies (including the universe),
conscript, a. & n. (Recruit) enrolled by [f. L conservatio (as prec, -ation)]
conscription c. fathers; (collective title of conservative, a. & n. Preservative (a. &
Roman senators), [as prec] n.) ; (C. party, English political party) disposed
eonseri'ption, n. Compulsory enlistment to maintain existing institutions; (improp., of
for military or naval service (esp. enrolment by estimate) moderate, cautious, purposely low
lot), [f. L conscriptio (as prec, see -ion)] (n.) one so disposed, member of the C. party.
 -; ; ;

CONSERVATOIRE 176 CONSPUE

So eonser'vatiSM n. [F (-if, -ive), f. med. L conso'eiate 1 (-shiat), a. & n. Associate(d).
conservativus (as foil., see -ive)] [f. L coN(soeiare socius fellow), see -ate 2 ]
f.

conservatoire' (-twar'r), n. Public school eonso'eiate &i. Associate. So eon-

2 , v.t.
of music &
declamation (on Continent). [F, f. sociA'TiON (-si-) n. [as prec, see -ate 3 ]
L conservatorium (as foil., see -ory)] consola'tion, n. Act of consoling consol- ;

co'nsepvator, n. Preserver ; official custo- ing circumstance c. race, prize, stakes, (open
;

dian (of museum

&c.) ; cc. oftlie peace, the King, to competitors unsuccessful in former events).
Lord Chancellor, &c. ; ce. of a river (see con- [F, f. L consolationem (as foil., see -ation)]
servancy), [f. F conservateur f. L conserva- eonsd'latopy, a. Tending, meant, to con-
torem (as foil., see -or 2 )] sole. Hence conso'latorii. v 2 adv. [f. L con-
conservatory, n. Greenhouse for tender solatorius (as foil., see -ory)]
plants; = conservatoire, [f. hconservatorius eonso'le v.t. Comfort. Hence consd'l-
1
,

a. (as foil., see -ory)] able a. [f. F consoler f. L cossolare, -ri]

conserve 1
, n. (usu. pi.). Confection, pre- console 2 n. ,(Arch.) kind of bracket or cor-
serve. med. L conserva (as foil.)]
[F, f. bel ; frame enclosing manuals, drawknobs, &c,
conser've 2, v.t. Keep from harm, decay, of organ; c.-table, -mirror, (supported by bracket
or loss. [f. F conserver f. L con (servare keep)] against wall). [F, etym. dub.]
consider, Contemplate mentally
v.t. & i. consolidate, v.t. i. Solidify (t. i.) & &
reflect (that, whether, &c, or abs.), reckon with, strengthen (usu. fig., power &c) ; combine (ter-
make allowance for regard as, as / c. him (to ; ritories, estates,companies, statutes, debts) into
be) a knave, e. yourself under arrest (archaic) ;
one whole; consolidated annuities, consols,
c. of, think over. [f. F considerer f. LcoN(.st'c£e- Government securities of Great Britain, conso-
rare perh. f. sidus -eris star) examine] lidated in 1751 into a single stock at 3 °/ (now 2£ ),
considerable, a. Worth considering; (of Consolidated Fund, united product of various
persons) notable, important (of immaterial ; taxes &c, whence interestof national debt, &c,
things) much, no small, (trouble, annoyance, are paid. Hence consolidA'TiON, conso'li-
pleasure), whence eonsi'derabLY 2 adv. [f. daTOR 2 nn., conso'lidatORv a.
, [f. L con-
med. L considerabilis (as prec, see -able)] (solidaref. solidus), see -ate 3 ]
considerate (-at), a. Thoughtful for others consols, n. pi. See prec. [abbr.]
(archaic) careful. Hence consi'derateLY 2 consomm6 (F), Strong meat soup. n.
adv., considerate vess n. [as prec, -ate 2 ] consonance, Recurrence of same or
n.
consideration, n. Act of considering; similar sounds in words, assonance sounding ;

meditation; take into c, consider; inc. of, in of two notes in harmony (Mus.) consonant in- ;

return for, on account of fact, thing, regarded ; terval, concord (fig.) agreement, harmony. [F,
;

as a reason, as that is a c, on noc; compensa- f. L consonantia (as foil., see -ance)]

tion, reward, as for a c. ; (Law) thing given, consonant a. Agreeable £o,consistent with;
1
,

done, as equivalent by person to whom a pro- harmonious; agreeing in sound (Mus.) making ;

mise is made thoughtfulness for others ; im-

: concord. Hence co'nsonantLY 2 adv. [F, f.
portance, [f. F consideration f. L considera- L coN(sonare sound f. sonus), see -ant]
tionem prec, see -ation)]
(as consonant'2 n. Alphabetical element other
,

considering-, prep. In view of, as it is ex- than vowel sound that in forming a syllable is
;

cusable c. his age, how young he is, (that) he combined with vowel. Hence consoha'ntAL
has no experience (ellipt.) that is not so bad., c.
; a. [F, f. L consonantem (litteram letter) sound-
(the circumstances), [-ing 2] ing with another (as prec)]
consig"n, v.t. Hand over, deliver, to (misery, co'nsopt 1 , n. Husband or wife; queen-c,
watery grave, person, person's care) transmit, ; king's wife king, prince, -c, queen's husband;
;

send by rail &c, to (person), whence consign ship sailing with another. [F, f. L coN(sors -rtis
ee\ eonsignOR -2 nn. deposit (money in , ; lot) sharer, comrade]
bank). Hence eonsig'nABLE a. [f. L con- consop't 2, v.t. Associate (with, t. & i.) keep ;

signare mark with a seal (signum)] company; agree, harmonize, (icith). [f. prec,
consignation (-ig-), n. Formal payment of and f. vb. sort (in same senses)]
money to person legally appointed act of con- ; conspeci'fic, a. Of the same species, [con-]
signing goods to the c. of, addressed to. [f. L
; conspectus, n. General mental view tabu- ;

consignatio (as prec, see -ation)] lation of details, synopsis. [L, vbl n. f. coN(spt-
consignment, n. Consigning goods con- ; cere look at)]
signed. J-ment] conspicuous, a. Clearly visible, striking to
consi'lient, a. (Of inductions from different the eye attracting notice, remarkable, as c. by
;

phenomena) accordant. Hence eonsi'liENCE its absence. Hence conspicu'iTY^onspi'cu-

n. [f. L *cos(silire-salire jump), see -ent] ousness, nn., conspi'cuousLY 2 adv. [f. L
consi'st, v.i. Be composed of (esp. material conspicints (as prec) + -ous]
things) be comprised in, as virtue consists in
; conspiracy, n. Act of conspiring (in good
being uncomfortable; harmonize with (bibl., ; or bad sense) combination for unlawful pur-
;

Col. i. 17) exist, stop) exist]

[f. L C0N(si.s£ere pose; plot, [f. hconspi7'atio (as foil., see -ation),
consi'stence, -cy, n. Degree of density, with -acy(3» substituted]
esp. of thick liquids ; firmness, solidity, (lit. & conspi'patop, n. One engaged in a conspi-
fig-) (-cy) state of being consistent, esp. of per-
; racy. Hence eonspi'PatPESS l n. [f. F con-
sons, [as prec, see -ence, -ency] spirateur f. L conspiratorem (as foil., see -or 2 )]
consistent, a. Compatible, not contradic- conspire*, v.i. & t. Combine privily for un-
tory, (with) ; (ofperson) constant to same princi- lawful purpose, esp. treason, murder, sedition ;
ples. Hence consi'stentLY 2 adv. [as prec, combine, concur, (to do) plot, devise, as c. his ;

-ent] ruin, c. an attack, [f. F conspirer f. L CON-

co'nsistory (also konsi's-), n. Senate com- (spirare breathe) agree, plot]
posed of Pope & Cardinals Lutheran clerical ; conspue*, v.t. Express detestation, clamour
board court of presbyters. So consistor'iAL
; for the abandonment or abolition, of (person,
a. F consistoire f. L consistorium (as con-
[>f. policy, &c). [f. F conspuer f. L COS(spuere
sist, see -ory)] spit) spit upon]

For compounds of co- not given consult co-.

 ;; ;
;

CONSTABLE 177 CONSUL

co'nstable (kun-, kon-), n. (Also police c.) constitutive, a. Constructive, formative ;
policeman .special c, person sworn in to act as c.
; essential Hence constitu-
; component.
on special occasion outrun thee, run into debt; ; tiveLV* adv. [f. constitute + -ive]
C. of France, principal officer of household of eo'nstitutop, n. Person that constitutes.
earlyFrenchki'igs,commander-in-chief in king's [L (as constitute, see -or 2)]
absence C. of England, Lord High C, similar
;
eonstrai'n, v.t. Compel (person to do, to
officer in English Royal household (now tem- course or state, or abs.) bring about by com- ;

porary officer on special occasions), [f. OF cone- pulsion confine forcibly, imprison, (lit. & fig.)
;

stable f. LL onies stabuli count of the stable]

i (p.p.) forced, embarrassed, as c. voice, manner,
constabulary, a. & n. (Organized body) of whence eonstrai'nedLY 2 adv. [f. OF con-
constables.. If. med. L const abularius (n. -aria) streindre f. L cozi{stringere strict- tie)]
f. const a bid us constable, see -ary ]
] constraint, n. Compulsion ; confinement
constancy, n. Firmness, endurance faith- ; restraint of natural feelings, constrained man-
fulness unchangingness.
; [f. L constantia (as ner. Lf. OF constreinte, fern. p.p. as n., see prec]
foil., see -ancv)] constrict, v.t. Contract, compress cause ;

constant, a. & n. Unmoved, resolute ; faith- (organic tissue) to contract. So constpPetiON

ful {to) unchanging ; unremittent, as c.
; atten- n., eonstpPetivE a. [f. L as constrain]
tion, chatter; (Math., n.) quantity that does not eonstppctop, n. Muscle that draws together
vary (Physics) number expressing a relation,
;
or narrows a part compressor (surgical instru- ;

property, &c,"that remains the same for same ment) boa-c. [L (as prec, see -or 2 )]
;

substance in same conditions, as c. of friction. eonstrrngc (-j), v.t. Compress; cause (or-
IF, f. L cosistare stand), see -ant] ganic tissue) to contract. Hence constppn-
Consta'ntia, n. Wine from the C. farm gENCY n., eonstpPng-ENT a. [as prec]
near Cape Town. construct, v.t. Fit together, frame, build,
constantly, adv. Always ; often. [-LY 2] (also fig.) (Gram.) combine (words) syntacti-
;

eo'nstellate, into a v.t. & i. Form constel- cally ; draw, delineate, as c. a triangle, [f. L
lation, [f. L cox(stellare f. stella star), see -ate 3 ] cox(struere struct- pile, build)]
constellation, n. Number of fixed stars construction, n. Act, mode, of construct-
grouped within an imaginary outline (also fig.), ing thing constructed syntactical connexion
; ;

[f. L constellatio (as prec, see -ation)] between words construing, explanation, (of ;

eo'nstepnate, v.t. Dismay (usu. pass.), [f. L words) interpretation (of conduct &c), as put
;

con (sternare, -sternere, throw down), see -ate 3 ]

a good, bad, c. upon his refusal, [f. L con-
consterna'tion, n. Dismay, [f L consterna- . structs (as prec, see -ion)]
tio (as prec, see -ation)] constructional, a. Of construction struc- ;

constipate, v.t. Confine (bowels) ; render tural, belonging to the original structure, [-al]
costiA'e. L
coi<(stipare press), see -ate 3 ]
[f. constructive, a. Of construction ; tending
eonstipa'tion, n. Costiveness. [f. L con- to construct, esp. opposed to destructive as
stipatio (as prec, see -ation)] positive to negative, as c. criticism belonging ;

constituency, n. Body of voters who elect to the structure of a building inferred, not ;

a representative member ; place, body of resi- directly expressed, virtual, as a c. denial, per-
dents in place, so represented ; body of custo- mission, blasphemy, treason. Hence con-
mers, subscribers, &c. [f. foil., see-ENCY] structively 2 adv. [f. med. L consti-uctivus
constituent, a. & n. Composing, making (as construct, see -ive)]
up, a whole appointing, electing able to frame
; ; constructor, n. One who constructs, esp.
or alter a (political) constitution, as c. assembly, supervisor of naval construction. Hence con-
power one who appoints another his agent
; strue to pship n. [OR 2 ]
component part; member of a constituency, co'nstpue (or -stroo*), v.t. & i. Combine
[as foil., see -ent] (words with others) grammatically, as rely is '
'

constitute, v.t. Appoint, as c. him presi- construed with 'on'; analyse (sentence), trans-
dent, c. oneself a judge establish, found ; give ; late word for word; admit of grammatical
legal form to (assembly &c) ; frame, form, (esp. analysis, as this passage does not c. ; expound,
pass, of bodily or mental constitution) ; make interpret, (words, actions), [as construct]
up, be the components of. [f. L coMstituere consu bsta'ntial, a. Of the same substance,
-ut- = statuere set up)] esp. of the three Persons in the Godhead. Hence
constitution, n. Act, mode, of constitut- eonsubstantisrln v n. [f. L con (substantia-
ing character of the body as regards health,
; lis as substance, see -al)]
strength, &c. mental character mode in which ; ; con substantiate, v.t. & i. Unite in one
State is organized body of fundamental princi- ; substance, [f. L con (sxibstantiare as prec),
ples according to which a State is governed ;
-ate 3 ]
written c, document embodying these (Hist.) ; consubstantia'tion, n. (Doctrine of) real
decree, ordinance, as Cc. of Clarendon (1164). substantial presence of body & blood of Christ
[F, f. L constitutionem (as prec, see -ion)] together with bread & wine in Eucharist (cf.
constitu'tional, a. n. Of, inherent in, & TRANSUBSTANTIATION). [f. 16th-C L COnSub-
affecting, the bodily or mental constitution stantiatio (as prec, see -ation)]
essential of, in harmony with, authorized by,
; consuetude (-swi-), n. Custom, esp. as
the political constitution, as c. sovereign, go- having legal force social intercourse. [OF, f. ;

vernment, (limited by c forms), whence con- L consuetudo -inis (cf. custom) f. consuetus
st itutiona'lrr v n. adhering to the political ; accustomed p.p. of con suescere, see -tude]
constitution (n.) c walk, for health's sake.
; consuetudinary, a. & n. Customary, as c.
Hence constitutionality 2 adv. [-al] law; (n.) manual of customs, esp. of monastic
constitutionalism, n. Constitutional go- house, cathedral, &c [f L consuetudinarvus (as .

vernment adherence to constitutional princi- prec, see -ary )]

;
1

ples, [-ism] co'nsul, n. Title of two annual magistrates

constitutionalist, n. Writer on the politi- exercising supreme authority in Roman repub-
cal constitution ; adherent of constitutional lic title of three chief magistrates of French
;

principles, [-ist] Republic 1799-1804 (First C, Napoleon) State ;

const itu'tionalize, v.t. i. Make consti- & agent residing in foreign town and protecting
tutional ; (intr.) take a constitutional, [-ize] subjects there ; local representative of Cyclists'
 ; ;

CONSULAR 178 CONTENT

Touring Club. Hence eo'nsulsmp n. [L (con- close, form boundary of ; (of numbers) be divi-
-f sal- root of salire leap)] sible by (number) without remainder ; restrain,
co'nsulap, a. & n. Of a consul ; (Roman) of c. a,s could not c. himself for joy, c. your anger.
rank. L consularis (as prec, see -ar
[f. Hence contai'nABLE a. [f. OF 1
)] contenir f. L
consulate (-at), n. Office, establishment, of coN(tinere tent- = tenere hold)]
a (modern) consul (period of) consular govern- ;
conta'minate, v.t. Pollute, infect. Socon-
ment in France office of (Roman) consul, [f. L
; taminATiONn. [f. hcontaminare t. con(tamen
consulatus (as prec, see -ate )] ] f. tag- root of tangere touch), see -ate 3 ]
consu'lt, v.t & i. Take counsel (with person, conta'ng-o, n. (pi. -oes). Percentage paid by
book, or abs.) seek information or advice from
; buyer of stock for postponement of transfer (cf.
(person, book) c. one's pilloiv, take a night for
; backwardation) ; c. (also continuation)-day,
reflection ; take into consideration (feelings, second day before settling-day. [perh. = Sp. con-
interests). Hence eonsu'ltABLE, consu'ItA- tengo I check, stop, f. contenerf. Las contain]
tive, aa., eonsultEE'n. [f. consultare fre- L contemn (-era), v.t. Despise, treat with dis-
quent, of consulere -suit- (as consul)] regard. Hence con te*mnER x (-mn-) n. [f. OF
consultant, n. One who consults ; con- contemner L cos(temnere tempt-)]
f.
sulting-physician, [as prec, see -ant] contemplate, v.t. & Gaze upon view i. ;

consultation, n. Act of consulting; de- mentally; expect; intend, purpose; (intr.) medi-
liberation ; conference, [f. L consultatio (as tate. So eontemplA'TiON, eo'ntemplatOR 2 ,

prec, see -ation)J nn. [f. h con (tempi arif.templum temple, open
consu'me, v.t. & i. Make away with ; use space for observation), see -ate 3 ]
up ; up spend, waste, (time, trouble,
eat, drink, ; contemplative, a. Meditative, thought-
&c.) ; eaten up (with envy); (intr.) waste
(p.p.) ful (of life in middle ages) given up to religious
;

away. [f. L coN(swnere sumpt- take up)] contemplation, opp. to active. Hence co'ntem-
i
consu'medly, adv. Excessively, [prec, -ly 2] plativeLY 2 adv., eo'ntemplativeNESS n.
consu'mep, n. In vbl senses, esp. (Pol. Econ.) [OF (-if, -ive), f. L corxtemplativus (prec, -ive)]
user of an article, opp. to producer, [-er 1 ] contemporaneous, a. Existing, occur-
consummate l (-at), a. Complete, perfect, ring, at the same time (with) ; covering the same
as c. general, skill, ass. Hence consu'm- Hence eontem-
time of the same period.
m ate l y 2 adv. [f. L C0N(summare complete f.
;

popane*iTY,contempopa*neousNESS,nn.,
sinnmus utmost), see -ate 2] contemporaneously 2 adv. [f L con(tem- .

co'nsummate-, v.t. Accomplish, complete, poraneus tempus -oris time, see -aneous)]
f.
esp. marriage (by sexual intercourse). Hence contemporary, a. & n. (Person) belong-
eo'nsummativE a., co'nsummatOR 2 n. ing to the same time (person) equal in age ; ;

[as prec, see -ate 3 ] (newspaper) published during same period.

consummation, n. Completion (esp.of [con- + temporary; in 18th c. cotemporary
marriage, see prec.) desired end, goal ; ; perfec- was preferred]
tion perfected thing, [f. OF consommation f.
; contemporize, v.t. Make contemporary,
L consumniationem(a,s prec, see -ation)] cause to agree in time. [f. st. of prec. + -ize]
consumption, n. Using up destruction ;
; eonte'mpt, n. Act, mental attitude, of de-
waste amount consumed wasting disease,
; ; spising condition of being despised have, hold,
; ;

esp. pulmonary c, phthisis, [f. L coiisumptio inc., bring, fall, into c. (Law) disobedience to ;

(as consume, see -ion)] sovereign s lawful commands or to authority of

consumptive, a. & n. Tending to consume Houses of Parliament or other legislative body,
tending to, affected with, consumption, whence esp. c. of court, disobedience to, interference
consu'mptiveLY 2 adv., consu'mptive- with administration of justice by, courts of law.
ness n. ; (n.) c. patient, [as consume, see -ive] [f. L contemptus -us (as contemn)]
contabeseenee, n. (bot.). Suppression of contemptible, a. Deserving contempt,
pollen formation in anthers of flowers. So despicable. Hence eontemptiBiLiTY, con-
eontabe'seENT a. [f. L con(tabescere waste te'mptibleNESs, nn., eontemptibLY 2 adv.
away f. tabes Consumption), see -ence] [f. L contemptibilis (as contemn, see -ble)]
co'ntact, n. State, condition, of touching, contemptuous, a. Showing contempt (of) ;

as be in c. with (fig.) come into c. with, come

; scornful insolent. Hence conte'mptuous-
;

across, meet; make, break, c, complete, inter- ly 2 adv., conte'mptuousNESS n. [as con-
rupt, electric circuit (so c.-maker, breaker) ; tempt + -ous]
(Math.) touching of straight line & curve, two conte'nd, & t. Strive, fight, (with per-
v.i.
curves, or two surfaces, [f. L contactus -us vbl son/or thing) struggle with (feelings, natural
;

n. f. coN(tingere tact- = tangere touch)] forces) ; compete, be in rivalry, as contending

contadi'no (-de-), n. (fern, -na ; pi. -ni pr. -ne, passions argue (with) ; ; (trans.) maintain (that).
fern, -ne pr. -na). Italian peasant. [It.] [f. L contendere tent- stretch, strive)]
conta'g'ion, n. Communication of disease conte'nt n. (PL) cc. of, what is contained
1
,
from body to body; contagious disease; moral in (vessel &c, book, document) (table of) cc, ;

corruption; contagious influence (fig.). [F, f. summary of subject-matter of book ; (also ko'n-
Li cos (tagionejn f. tangere touch, -ion)] tent) capacity (of vessel), volume (of solid), [f.
eonta'gionist, n. One who thinks a disease L as contain]
(plague, cholera, &c.) contagious, [-ist] content 2 n. Contented state, , satisfaction,
contagious (-jus), a. Communicating dis- esp. to one's heart's c. [f. content v. or a.]
ease by contact (lit. & fig.); (of diseases) so com- content 3
, a. & n. Satisfied willing (to do) ;

municable; (fig.) catching, infectious. Hence icell c, well pleased ; (House of Lords) c, note,
eonta'g-iousLY 2 adv., conta'g-iousNESS n. ( = ay, no, in House of Commons) (n. pi.) those ;

[f. OF contagieus f. LL contagiosus (as conta- who vote ' c. ' [F (as content 2 ) orig. = bounded ;

gion, see -ous)] (in desires by what one has)]

ecfntai'n, v.t. Have, hold, as contents com- ; content 4 , v.t. Satisfy ; c. oneself, be satis-
prise, include (of a measure) be equal to, as a
; fied (with thing, with doing). Hence con-
pound contains 16 ounces; (pass.) be included te*ntedLY 2 adv., contentedNESS, con-
(within a space, between limits); (Geom.) en- tentMENT, nn. [f. F contenter (as prec.)]

For compounds of co- not given consult co-.

 ;; ;
;

CONTENTION 179 CONTRACT

eon te'ntion, n.
Strife, dispute, controversy contango) -day that by which a thing is con-
;

emulation ; point contended for in argument. tinued, additional parts; gaiters continuous
IF, f. L
contentionem (as contend, see -ion)] with knee-breeches ; (slang) trousers. [F, f. L
conte'ntious, a. Quarrelsome involving continuatio (as prec, see -ation)] ;

contention. Hence conte'ntiousLV 2 adv., conti'nuative, a. Tending, serving, to con-

eonte'ntiousNESS n. [f. F contentieux f. L tinue. If. L continuativus (as prec, see -ive)]
contentiosus (as prec, see -ious)] conti'nuatop, n. One who writes continua-
eontep'minal, a. Having a common bound- tion to another's work. [f. L as foil., -oit 2]
ary, [f. med. L conterminal is (as foil., see -al)] conti'nue, v.t. & i. Maintain, keep up, (ac-
contep'minous, a. Having a common tion &c.) retain (person in office &c) take up, ; ;

boundary (with, to) (of two things) meeting at resume, (narrative &c. orabs.) (Law) adjourn
;
;
their ends coextensive fin space, time, mean- remain in existence stay (in, at, place, in a
; ;

ing). Hence eontep'minousLY 2 adv. [f. L state) if you c. (are still) obstinate not cease ; ;

coN(ter-minus boundary) + -ous] (doiyig, to do). Hence eonti'nuABLE a. [f. F

co*n test n. Debate, controversy strife
J
, continuer f. L continuare as continuous] ;
;

(friendly) competition, [f. foil.] continuity, n. State of being continuous

eonte'st 2, v.t. & i. Debate, dispute, (point,
;
law of c.(that all changes in nature are continu-
statement, &c); strive in argument (with, ous, not abrupt), [f. F continuity f. L continui-
against) strive for dispute with arms (field,
; ; tatem (as foil., see -ty)]
victory, issue, battle). Hence eonte*stABLE a. continuous, a. (Of material things) con-
[f. F
contester call to witness, argue, gainsay, nected, unbroken; uninterrupted in time or
f. L
covstestari (litem) bring witnesses to an sequence ; c. brake of train, c. series of carriage
action, bring an action (testis witness)] brakes controlled from one point; (Arch.) c.
contestant, n. One who contests. [F(-ant)] style (with mullions of window continued in
contestation, n. Disputation ; assertion tracery). Hence conti'nuousLY 2 adv., con-
contended for in c, in dispute, [f. L contesta-
; ti'nuousNESS n. [f. L continuusl. C0N(tinere
tiq (as contest 2 see -ation)] , =tenere hold) + -ous]
ecntext, n. Parts that precede or follow co*nt-line,n. Spiralinterval between strands
a passage & fix its meaning in this c. (connex- ; of rope space between casks stowed side by
;

ion). Soeonte*xtUALa.,eonte xtualLY 2 adv. ,

[f. L contextus -us f.
cos(texere text- weave)]
eonte'xtupe, n. Act, mode, of weaving to-
gether ; structure fabric made of literary
composition. [F (as prec, see -ure)]
eontigu'ity, n. Contact; proximity; (Psy-
chol. proxim ity of ideas or impressions in place
) quere tort-)]
or time, as principle of association, [f. L coti-
tiguitas (as foil., see -ty)]
contiguous, a. Touching, adjoining, (to)
next in order (to) neighbouring. Hence con-
ti'guousLY 2 adv. [f. L contiguus f. cox(tin-
gere = tangere touch) + -ous]
side. [?]
contop'niate, a. & n. (Medal) with deep
furrow round disk within edge. [f. It. contorno
; ; contour f. contornare compass about f. con- +
L tornare turn in lathe (tornus)]
contop't, v.t. Twist, distort, [f. L coN(£or-
contop'tion, n. Twisting; twisted state
(esp. of face or body), [f contortio (prec. -ion)] . L
;
contop'tion ist, n. Artist whose work, gym-
; nast whose body, exhibits contortions, [-ist]
eo'ntoup (-oor), n., v.t. Outline; line &
separating differently coloured parts of design ;

co'ntinent 1 a. Temperate chaste. Hence artistic quality

, ; of outline outline of coast, ;

or cogn. co'ntinENCE n., co'ntinentLY 2 adv. mountain mass, &c c. line, one representing ;

[OF, f. L as contain, see -ent] horizontal c of earth's surface at given eleva-

co'ntinent 2 Continuous land, mainland
, n. tion, as in a c. viap (v.t.) mark with c. lines, ;

the C, mainland of Europe; one of the main carry (road) round c of hill, [(vb f. n.) F, f.
continuous bodies of land (Europe, Asia, Africa, cos(tourner turn)]
N. & S. America, Australia), [as prec] centra (-a), prep. & n. Pro contra (usu. &
continental, a. & n. Of a continent; be- con) for & against pros cons, arguments for
; &
longing to, characteristic of, the Continent, & against (Bookkeeping) opposite side of ac-
;

whence contine'ntaliSM, contine*ntaliST, count, esp. credit side. [L, as foll.l

nn., contine'ntalizE v.t., eontine'ntalLY 2 contra-, pref. Against in Ital. mus. terms, ;

adv.; (n.) inhabitant of the Continent, [-al] of parts marked on the stave alongside of. oppo-
contingency, Uncertainty of occur- n. site to, bass, alto, &c (contrabasso &c). [L]
rence chance occurrence thing that may hap-
; ; co'ntraband, n. & a. Prohibited traffic,
pen hereafter thing dependent on an uncertain
; smuggling smuggled goods c. of war, any-
; ;

event thing incident to another, incidental ex-

; thing forbidden to be supplied by neutrals to
pense &c. [f. L as foil., see -ency] belligerents (adj.) forbidden to be imported or
;

contingent, a. & n. Of uncertain occur- exported, as c. goods, concerned with these, as

rence accidental incidental to true only un-
; ; ; c. trade(r). [I. Sp. contrabanda f. It. CONTRA-
der existing conditions non-essential condi- ; ; (bando proclamation f. LL bandum ban)]
tional ; (n.) force contributed to form part of contrabandist, n. Smuggler, [f. Sp. con-
army or navy (or fig.). Hence contingent- trabandist a (as prec, see -ist)]
ly y 2 adv. [F, f. L cox(tingere=tangere touch), co'ntpabass, n. = double l - bass. [f. It.
see -ent] CONTRA(fras.S'0 BASS)]
conti'nual, a. Always going on very ; fre- co'ntract *, n. Agreement between parties,
quent. Hence eonti'nuali/Y 2 adv. If. business agreement for supply of OF States, &c ;

continiiel f. L as continuous, see -al] goods or performance of work at fixed price

conti'nuance, n. Going on, duration of agreement enforceable by law(NUDE a); accept- ;

long c, lasting long; remaining, stay, (in place, ed promise to do or forbear formal agreement ;

condition, &c). [OF (continue, -ance)] for marriage conveyance of property. [OF, f. ;

conti'nuant, a. & n. (Consonant) of which L contractus -us (as foil.)]

the sound can be prolonged (as f v s r), opp. of contpa'ct 2, v.t. & i. Enter into business or
stop or check, [f. L as continue, see -ant] legal engagement (to do, for doing, for piece
continuation, n. Carrying on, resumption, of work, or abs.) c. oneself out of, free oneself ;

(of an action, course, story, book, &c.) (Stock by contract from c. (enter into) marriage ; ; ;

Exch.) carrying over an account to next c. (or form (friendship, habit) incur (debt) draw ; ;
 \ ;;;; ;

CONTRACTILE 180 CONTROVERT

together (muscles, brow, &c.); make smaller, adv. [f. OF contrarie f. L contrarius (contra,
whence eontraetiBiLiTY n., eontpa'etiBLE see -ary 1
)]
a. ; restrict, confine, (lit. & fig.) ;
(Gram.) shorten eontpa'st \ v.t. &
Set (two things, one with i.

(word) by combination or elision ; shrink, be- another) in opposition, so as to show their

come smaller narrow, mean, (of ideas
; (p.p.) differences ; (intr.) show
striking difference on
&c). [f. L cos(trahere tract- draw)] comparison (with), [f. OF
contraster (-It. con-
contpa'ctile (-11, -il), a. Capable of or pro- trastare) f. L coNTRA(s<are stand)]
ducing contraction, as c. muscles, metal, force. eo'ntrast 2 , n. Juxtaposition (esp. of forms,
So eontraeti'liTY n. [F (as prec, see -ile)] colours, &c.) showing striking differences (be-
contpa'ction, n. Shrinking, contracting ; tween) ; thing showing such a difference (to).
restriction, confinement shortening of word ; [f. F contraste f. It. contrasto (see prec.)]

by combination or elision contracted word ; co'ntpate, a. C. wheel, one with teeth at

contracting (of debt, disease, habit). (F, f. L right angles to its plane, [contra- -ate 2 ] +
contractio (as prec, see -ion)] contpavalla'tion, n. Chain of redoubts and
eontpa'etive, a. Serving to contract, [-ive] breastworks placed by besiegers between their
eontpa'ctop, n. Undertaker of contract camp and the town. [f. F contrevallation (con-
contracting muscle. [L (as contract 2 -or 2 )] , tra-, see gircumvallation)]
contractual, a. Of (the nature of) a con- contravene, v.t. Infringe (law) dispute ;

tract, CONTRACT * + -AL]

[as (statement) (of things) conflict with. [f. F con-
;

contpadi'ct, v.t. Deny (statement) ; deny trevenir f. L coNTRA(re?iire vent- come)]

the words of (person) ; be contrary as these
to, contravention, n. Infringement. [F (as
rumours c. each other. Hence or cogn. con- prec, see -ion)]
tradi'etABLE a., contpadi'ctOR 2 n. [f. L contretemps (ko'ntretong, or as F), n. Un-
coNTRA(dicere
diet- say)] lucky accident hitch. ;

contpadi'ction, n. Denial ; opposition ; contribute, v.t. & i. Pay, furnish, (to com-
statementcontradicting another; inconsistency; mon fund &c) (intr.) c. to, help to bring about,
;

c. in terms, plainly self-contradictory statement [f. L coMtribuere -id- bestow)]

or words, as almost quite ready is a c. in terms.
' '
contPibu'tion, n. Act of contributing
[F, f. L contradictionem (as prec, -ion)] thing, help, literary article, contributed im- ;

contpadi'ctious, a. Inclined to contradict
disputatious. Hence contpadi'ctiousLY 2
adv., eontpadi'ctiousNESs n. [-ious)]
eontpadi'ctopy, a. n. Making denial;
mutually opposed or inconsistent; contradic-
tious; (n.) contradictory assertion. Hence eon-
tpadi'etopiLY 2 adv., co ntradi'e tori ess
n. [f. L contradictorius (as prec, see -ory)]
position levied for support of army in the field ;
lay under c, exact cc. from. [F, f. L contri-
butionem (as prec, see -ion)]
& contributor, n. One who contributes (esp.
literary articles). Hence contpi'butORY a.
[f.AF contributour (as contribute, see -or 2 )]
co'ntPite, a. Broken in spirit by sense of sin,
completely penitent (of actions) showing a c ;

contpadisti'netion, n. Distinction by con- spirit. Hence eo'ntpiteLY 2 adv. [f. F contrit

trast, [contra-] f. L cON(terere
trit- rub) bruise]
contpadisti'ng-uish, v.t. Distinguish contpi'tion, n. Being contrite, penitence,
(things, one from another) by contrast, [con- [f. OF co ntrieiun f. L
contriiionem (prec, -ion)]
tra] contpi'vance, Act of contriving deceit-
n. ;

contpa'lto, & n. a. (Part, singer, voice) next ful practice ; invention mechanical device ;
;

above alto. [It. (contra- + alto)] inventive capacity, [-ance]

contraposition, n. Opposition, contrast eontPi've, v.t. Invent, devise ; bring to
(Logic) a mode of conversion {if all A is B, then pass, manage (thing, to do also of undesired ;

by c. all not-B is not- A, or no not-B is A). So event, as c. to make matters worse) (abs.) ;

eontpapo'sitiVE a. [f. L contrapositio (as manage household affairs (well &c), whence
foil., see -ion)] contPi'VER 1 n. Hence contpi'VABLE a. [f.
contpapu'ntal, a. Of, according to rules of, OF com(trover find f. L turbare disturb, stir up)]
counterpoint, [f. It. co?itra(p)punto counter- contpo'l if n. Power of directing, command ;
point + -al] restraint ; means of restraint, check ; standard
contpapu'ntist, n. One skilled in counter- of comparison for checking inferences deduced
point. [f^It. contra(p)puntista (as prec, -1ST)] from experiment ; controlling person, spirit,
contpap'iant, a. Opposed {to). [F, f. med. ghost, [perh. f. F controle for contrerolle copy
L contrariare (as contrary), see -ant] of a roll f. med. L coxtr A(rotulus see roll) ;
contpapi'ety (-tra-), n. Opposition in nature, but prob. f. foil.]
quality, or action; disagreement, inconsistency, contpo'l 2, v.t. (-11-). Dominate, command;
[f. OF contrariety f. LL contrarietatem (as con- hold in check (oneself, one's anger) ; check,
trary, see -ty)] verify. Hence eontPO'llABLE a., contPO'l-
eontrarlous, a. (archaic). Opposed ;
per- ment n. [f. F
contreroller keep
controler OF
verse ; (of [f. OF contrarios f.
things) adverse, copy accounts (as prec)]
of roll of
med. L contrariosus prec, see -ous)] (as contpo'llep, n. In vbl senses ; also one who
eo'ntpapiwise (also kontrar*-), adv. On the checks expenditure, steward, esp. of royal
other hand in the opposite way perversely,
; ; household, Mint, Navy, &c (often spelt compt-).
[foil. + -wise] Hence contPO'llepSHiP n. [f. OF contre-rol-
co'ntpapy (see below), a., n., adv. Opposed leor (as prec, see -or 2 spelling compt- by ) ;

in nature or tendency (to) the opposite (of two con f us. w. obs. compte count]
;

things) (pop., pron. kontrar 'i) perverse, self-

; eontpovep'sial, a. Of, open to, given to,
willed, whence eontpap'iNESS n. opposite controversy. Hence eonipovep'sialiSM, ;

in position or direction (n.) the opposite on eontPOvep'sialisT,nn.,contPovep*sialLY 2

; ;

the c. (corroborating a denial expressed or un- adv. [f. L controversions (as foil., -al)]
derstood, as Have you nearly done ?—On the eo'ntpovepsy, n. Disputation without, ;

c, I have only just begun); interpret by cc, beyond, c, unquestionably, [f. L controversia
understand Yes for No &c. (adv. in opposition (as foil., see -Y 1 )] ; )

to, as act c. to nature. Hence eo'ntpapiL y 2 co'ntpovept (also -vert), v.t. Dispute about,
For comDounds of co- not given consult CO-.
 ; ;

CONTUMACIOUS 181 CONVICT

discuss dispute, deny. Hence eontpovept-
; sation fit for social intercourse.
; Hence con-
ist n. L controversies turned against, op-
[f. vep'sable x ess n., eonversabuY 2 ad v [F, .

posed (contro- against + p.p. of vertere turn) f. med. L conversabilis (as foil., see -ble)]

whence *controvertere was assumed] conversance, -ey, n. Familiarity, ac-

contuma'cious, a. Insubordinate, dis- quaintance, (with), [as foil., see -ance]
obedient, esp. to order of court. Hence or conversant, a. Having frequent inter-
cogn. eontuma'eiousLY 2 adv., contuma'- course, well acquainted, (with person, subject,
eiousNESS,eo*ntumACY,nn. [f. hcos(tu?nax &c) ; (of things) concerned (in, about, with), [f.
-acts perh. f. tumere swell or temnere despise), L conversari converse 1 see -ant] ,

see -acious] con versa'tion, n. Talk, whence eonvep-

contumelious, a. Opprobrious ; insolent. sa'tioniST n. c. (piece), kind of genre painting
;

Hence contume'liousLV- adv. [f. OF co?itu- of groupof figures ; sexual intercourse, as crimi-
melieusj. Ijcontumeliosus (as foil., see -ous)] nal c. (crim. con., cf. connexion). [OF, f. L con-
co'ntumely (-mi-), n. Insolent, reproachful, versationem (as prec, see -ation)]
language or treatment disgrace, [f. OF contu-
; conversational, a. Fond of, good at. per-
melie f. L contumelia (cf. contumacious)] taining to, conversation. Hence conversa'-
contu'se (-z), v.t. Injure by blow without tionalisTn.,convepsa*tionalLY 2 adv. [al]
breaking skin, bruise. So eontu'siON n. [f L . conversazione (-ats-), n. (pi. -nes, -ni pron.
cotf(tundere tus- thump)] -ne). Soiree given by learned or art society. [It.,
conu'ndpum, n. Riddle; hard question. [?] f. L as conversation]
convale'sce (-es), v.i. Regain health, [f. L eonver'se 1 , v.i. Talk (with person, on, about,
COti(valescere incept, of valere be well)] subject), [f. F converser f. L conversari keep
convalescent, a. & n. (Person) recovering company (with), frequent, as convert 1 ]
from sickness c. hospital (force). So eonva- converse 2, n. (archaic). Discourse inter-
; ;

le'SGENCE n. [as prec, see -ent] course, [f. prec]

convention, n. Transportation of heat or converse 3, a. & n. Opposite, contrary;
electricity, by movement of heated or electrified (Logic) converted proposition form of words ;

substance, [f. L convectio f. coN(vehere vect- produced by transposition of some terms of

carry), see -ion] another (he had learning without wealth is the
convenance (F), n. (usu. pi.). Conventional c of he had wealth without learning) (Math.) ;

propriety. this propositio?i is the c. of the former (assumes

convene, v.t. & i. Assemble (t. & i.) con- its conclusion & proves its datum). Hence
;

voke (assembly) summon (person before

; tribu- eonvep'seLY 2 adv. [as convert n
nal). Hence conve'nABLE a. [f. F convenir f. convep'sion, n. Transposition, inversion,
LcoN(venire vent- corns) assemble, agree, fit] esp. (Logic) of subject & predicate (if no isB, A
convenience, Suitableness, commodi- then by c. no
n. is A)', bringing over (to an B
ousness ; material advantage, as marriage of opinion, party, faith, &c) turning of sinners to ;

c. personal comfort, as at your c, in a way, at God; changing (to,into); change (of debentures,
;

a time, convenient to you advantage, as a stocks, &c) into others of different character.
;

great c. useful appliance; water-closet; (ar- [F, f. L conversionem (as foil., see -ion)]
;

chaic) vehicle ; (pi.) material comforts, [f. L convep't 1 , v.t. Change (into) ; cause to turn
convenientia (as prec, see -ence)] (to opinion, faith, &c), cf. pervert; turn to
convenient, a. Suitable, commodious not godliness; (Stocks &c) see prec; (Logic) see
;

troublesome, as if it is c. to you. Hence con- prec [f. L cos(vertere vers- turn) turn about]
venient y 2 adv. [as convene, see -ent] convert 2, n. Person converted, esp. to re-
convent, n. Religious community (usu. wo- ligious faith or life. [f. prec]
men, cf. monastery) living together; building convertible, a. That may be converted
occupied by this. [f. AF
covent (cf. Covent Gar- c. terms, synonymous (of paper-money) ex- ;

den) f. OF convent f. L conventus -us (as prec.)] changeable for specie c. husbandry, rotation ;

conventicle, n. (hist.). Clandestine religious of crops. Hence eonveptiBiLiTY n., con-

meeting, esp. of Nonconformists or Dissenters vep'tibLY 2 adv. [F, f. LL convertibilis (as
building used for this. [f. L conventiexdum prec, see -ble)]
(place of) assembly, dim. as prec] convex, a. Curved like the outside of circle
convention, n. Act of convening; formal or sphere (cf. concave). Hence or cogn. con-
assembly, esp. (Eng. Hist.) of Parliament with- ve'xiTY n., eonvexLY 2 adv. [f. h convexxts
out summons of King, 1660 & 1688 agreement prob. = convectus p.p. of C0N(vehere bring)]
;

between parties general (often tacit) consent

; eonvexo- in comb. Convex and—, as c.-con-
practice based on this. [F, f. L conveniionem (as cave. [as prec, see -o-]
convene, see -ion)] convey* (-a), v.t. Transport, carry transmit ;

conventional, a. Depending on conven- (sound, smell, &c. impart, communicate, (idea, ) ;

tion, not natural, not spontaneous (Art) follow- meaning)

;
(Law) make over (property to, or ;

ing traditions. Hence eonventionaliSM, abs. Hence convey'ABLE a. [f. OF cotiveier, ).

conventionalism conventiona'liTY, nn., mod. convoyer (veie, voie, f. L via way)]

eonventionalizE v.t., conventional y 2 conveyance, n. Carrying transmission ; ;

adv. [f. L conventionalis (as prec, -al)] communication (of ideas &c); (document
eonventionapy, a. & n. (Tenant, tenure) on effecting) transference of property; carriage,
terms orig. fixed by convention, not by custom, vehicle. [-anceI
[f.med. L conventionarius (as prec, -ary 1 )] conveyancer, n. Lawyer who prepares
conventual, a. & n. (Member, inmate) of a documents for conveyance of property, [-er l ]
convent (member) of the less strict branch of
; conveyancing, n. Work of prec [-ing n
Franciscans, living in large convents, [f. med. convict n. Condemned
1
, criminal under-
L conventvalis (as convent, see -al)] going penal servitude. Hence eonvietiSM(3)
convep'ge, v.i. & t. (Of lines) tend to meet in n. [f. obs. adj. convict (as foil.)]
a point (also fig.) (Math., of series) approximate
; convi'et 2, v.t. Prove guilty (of offence) de- ;

in some of its terms towards a definite limit; clare guilty by verdict of jury or decision of
(trans.) cause to c So eonvep'gTENCE, -ency, judge impress (person) with sense of error.;

nn.,convep , g'ENTa. [f. LLcoN(vergere verge)] Hence eonvi'etiVE a. [f. L coN(vincere vict-
convep'sable, a. Easy, pleasant, in conver- conquer)]
 ;;; ;;

CONVICTION 182 COOT

convi'ction, n. Proving or finding guilty ; sel foodcooked in fruit &c that cooks well
is ;

summary c. (by judge or magistrates without one who cooks (accounts &c. or concocts, [-er J J )

jury); act of convincing; settled belief ; (Theol.) eoo'kepy, n. Art, practice, of cooking c- ;

awakened consciousness of sin. [f. L convict io book (dealing with c). [-ery]
(asprec., see -ion) J cdb'kie, n. (Sc) plain bun (U.S.) small flat ;

eonvi'nee, Firmly persuade (of, that

v.t. ; cake. [prob. f. Du. koekje dim. of koek cake]
esp. pass.) produce in (person) a moral convic-
;
eoo*ky,n. (colloq.). (Usu. female) cook. [-y3]
tion (of sin &c). Hence eonvi'nee.MENT, con- cool 1 , a. & n. Moderately cold; (Hunt.) c.
vi'ncing'NESS, nn., eonvi'neing'LY 2 adv. scent (faint, weak) unexcited, calm lacking ; ;

[as CONVICT 2 ] zeal, lukewarm; wanting cordiality; calmly

eonvi'neible, a. Open to conviction, [as audacious, as ac. hand (person) (complacently ;

prec, see -ible] or emphat. of large sums of money) it cost me a

eonvi'vial, a. Of, befitting, a feast festive, ; c. thousand; (n.) c. air, c place, coolness; c-
jovial. Hence convi'vialisx, convivia'liTV, headed, not easily excited c. tankard, cooling ;

nn., eonvi'vialLY 2 adv. convivialis f.

[f. L drink of wine, water, lemon-juice, &c. Hence
convivium feast f. conviva f ello w-f easter f con- . coo*liSH 1 a..coo*lLY 2 (-l-li)adv., coo'Iness n.
(vivere live)] [OE col f. OTeut. koluz (kal- = L gel- cold)]
convocation, Calling together assem-
n. ; cool 2 v.i. & t. Become cool (lit. & fig. also
, ;

bly (Ch. of Eng.) synod of clergy of province of

;
c. down) make cool (lit. &fig.) e. one's coppers
; ;
;

Canterbury or York; legislative assembly of c. one's heels, be kept waiting. [OE colian f.
Oxford or Durham Univ. Hence eonvoea*- OTeut. kolojan (as prec)]
tionAL a. [f. L convocatio (as foil., -ation)] coo'lep, n. Vessel in which a thing is cooled,
eon vo* k.e, v.t. Call together, summon to as ivine, b utter, -c. [-ER 1 ]
assemble, [f. F convoquer f. L coN(tocare call)] coo'lie, -ly, n. Indian or Chinese hired la.
eo'nvolute, a. & n. (bot., conch.). Rolled to- bourer. Hence eoo*lieiSM(3) n. [f. Hind, guli]
gether, coiled ; (n.) coil, [as convolve] coomb, combe, (koom), n. Valley on flank
convoluted, a. (zool.). Coiled, twisted, [f. of hill short valley running up from coast. [OE
;

vb convolute (as prec.) otherwise rare] cunib, etym. dub.]

convolution, n. Coiling, twisting; fold, coon, n. (U.S.). = racoon sly fellow gone ; ;

twist, [as foil., see -ion] c, one whose case is hopeless, [abbr.]
eonvo'lve, &
Roll together, roll up,
v.t. i. coop 1 , n. Basket placed over sitting or
(esp. in p.p.). [f. L cos(volvere volut- roll)] fattening fowls basket used in catching fish.
;

eonvo'lvulus, n. (pi. -luses). Genus of plants [=ME cupe basket cf. G kufe cask] ,

including bindweed. [L, asprec. with dim. suf.] coop 2, v.t. Put in coop; confine (persons;
convoy* 1 , v.t. (Of ship of war) escort (mer- also c. up, in), [f. prec]
chant or passenger vessel) escort with armed ; eoo'pen, n., & v.t. Maker of casks for dry
force (archaic) conduct (guests, lady, &c). [f.
;
goods (dry or liquids (wetc.) white c, maker
c.) ;

F as convey] of pails, tubs, &c; (on ship) repairer of casks

eo'nvoy 2, n. Act of convoying protection
escort (for honour or protection) company,
supply of provisions, &c, under escort number
of merchantships under escort or able to defend
themselves, [f. F convoi (as prec.)]
convu'lse, v.t. Shake violently (lit. & fig.)
throw into convulsions (usu. pass.) cause to be
violently seized with laughter (usu. pass.), [f.
; ; &c; (also wine-c.) one who samples, bottles, or
; retails wine equal mixture of stout
; porter &
; (v.t.) repair (cask), stow in casks, furbish up.
[vb f. n. f. med. L cuparius (as prec, -ary ] )]
eoo'perage, n. Cooper's work or workshop.
So coo*pery(3) n. [.-age]
; co(-)6 , pepate, v.i. Work together (with per-
son in a work, to an end) (of things) concur in ;

L coxivellire vuls- pull)| producing an effect. So eo-o'pePANT a. & n.,

eonvu'lsion, n. Violent irregular motion of co-o'peratOR 2 n. [f. L co(operari f. opus
limb or body due to involuntary contraction of operis work), see -ate 3 ]
muscles (usu. pi.) (pi.) violent fit of laughter
; eo-opepa'tion, n. Working together to same
violent social or political agitation violent ; end (Pol. Econ.) co-operative combination, [f.
;

physical disturbance. Hence eonvu'lsion- L cooperatio (as prec, see -ion)]

ar'v j
a. [f. L convulsio (as prec, see -ion)] eo-o*pepative, a. Of, tending to, co-opera-
eonvu'lsive, a. Attended or affected with, tion (Pol. Econ.) c. society (for production or
;

producing, compulsions (lit. & fig.). Hence distribution of goods, profits being shared by
convu*lsiveLY 2 adv. [convulse, -ive] members), c. store (belonging to c society).
eo'ny, -ney, n. Rabbit (now used only in Hence co-o*pepativeLY 2 adv. [as co-oper-
statutes &c.) (bibl.) small pachyderm of Pales-
; ate, see -ive]
tine, living in clefts of rocks (archaic) c- ; co-o'pt, v.t. Elect into body by votes of ex-
catcher, sharper, [sing. f. pi. conies f. OF coniz isting members. So eo-optATiON n. [f. L
pi. of conil f. L cuniculus rabbit, etym. dub. ; co(optare choose)]
formerly pron. ku-] eo(-)op*dinate ] (-at), a. & n. Equal in rank,
coo, v.i. & t., &
(Make) soft murmuring n. esp. (Gram.) of clauses of compound sentence
souad doves & pigeons bill
of or as of c, ; & subordinate) consisting of c things (n.)
(cf. ; ;

converse amorously say cooingly. [imit.] ; c thing, esp. (Math.) each of a system of magni-
coo'ee, coo*ey, n. Sound adopted as signal tudes used to fix position of point, line, or plane.
by Australian colonists from the aborigines. Hence co-op*dinateL Y 2 adv. [f. co- 4- L ordi-
cook \ n. One whose business is to cook food nare (ordo -inis order), see -ate 2
]
c.-house, outdoor kitchen in warm countries, eo-OP*dinate 2
, v.t. Make co-ordinate ; bring
(on ship, also c.-room) galley ; c.-shop, eating- (parts) into proper relation. Hence eo-opdin-
house. [OE coc f. L coquus] a'tion n., eo-op'dinativE a. [prec, -ate 3 ]
cook 2 , v.t. i. &
Prepare (food or abs.) by coot, n. Name of several swimming diving &
heat; (intr.) undergo cooking (also c. up) con- ; birds, esp. the Bald C, web-footed bird with
coct (fig.) (colloq.) tamper with (accounts &c.)
; base of bill extended to form white plate on
c. his goose, do for him, settle his hash, [prec] forehead, whence bald as a c. [ME cote =Du.
eoo'kep, n. Cooking-apparatus, -stove ves- ; koet, etym. dub.]

For compounds of co- not given consult co-.

 ;; ;

COP 183 CORAL.

cop 1
, n. Conical ball of thread
(spinning). ite sect of Monophysites. [f. Copt, gyptios,
wound upon spindle.
[OE cop top] kyptaios, f. Gk Aiguptios Egyptian]
cop ,
2 n. (slang). Policeman, [cf. foil., copper 2 ] Co'ptie, a. & n. (Language) of the Copts, [-ic]
cop 3 , v.t. (slang). Catch, [etym. dub.] eo'pula, n. (Logic, Gram.) verb be (as mere
copai'ba, -va, (-pi-, -pa-), n. Aromatic bal- sign of predication) ; (Anat.) connecting part
sam used medicine & the arts. [(-ba) Sp.,
in f. (bone, cartilage, ligament); (Mus.) short con-
Braz. cupauba] necting passage. Hence co'puIar i a. [L (co-
co* pal, n. Resin used for varnish. [Sp., f. + ap- fasten + dim. suf.)]
Mex. copalli incense] ed'pulate.v.i. Unite sexually. Hence eo'-
copar'cenary, -cry, coparcener, nn. pulatORY a. [f. L copulare fasten togethei
= PARCENARY, PARCENER. [CO-] (prec), see -ate 3 ]
copar'tner, n. Fellow-partner, associate. copula'tion, n. Sexual union grammatical ;
Hence eopap'tnepsHip n. [co-] or logical connexion. [F, f. L copulationem (as
copap'tnery, n. Copartnership, [f. prec, prec, see -ion)]
see -ery(2)] co'pulative, a. & n. Serving to connect;
cope ]
long cloak worn by ecclesi-
, n. (Eccl.) (Gram.) connecting words or clauses that are
astics in processions (fig.) c. (cloak) of night, c. ; connected in sense (cf. disjunctive), also, con-
(canopy) of heaven (Founding) outer portion ; necting subject & predicate (Zool., Anat.) re- ;
of mould = coping c.-stone, head stone of
; ; lating to sexual union (n.) c. conjunction or ;

building, finishing touch, [f. med. L capa cap]
.
cope 2, v.t. & i. Furnish with a cope cover
(wall &c.) with coping cover as with a vault
(intr.) hang over like a coping, [f. prec]
particle. Hence eo'pulativeLY 2 adv. [F(-if,
; ive), f. L copulativus (as prec, see -ive)]
; ed'py i, n. Reproduction (of writing, picture,
&c) imitation page written after model (of
; ;

cope 3 , v.i. Contend evenly, succeed, with penmanship); (Law) transcript of manorial
(person, thjng). (coup)] [f. F couper strike court-roll, containing entries of admissions of
cd'peck, n. Russian copper coin (about a tenants to land hence called copyhold written ;
farthing), [f. Russ. kopeika dim. of kopy^\ea\ce\ or printed specimen (of book &c) rough, foul, ;

co'pep '. n. (Also horse-c.), horse-dealer, [f. c, original draft; fair, clean, c. (transcribed
obs. cope buy, barter (as foil.)] from rough c) c. of verses, short set as school
;

ed'pep'2, coo'pep (ko-), n. Floating grog- exercise fair c, model version of this model
;

shop for North Sea fishers, [f. Flem. & Du.

;

to be copied; manuscript or matter to be

kooper f. koopen buy (cf. cheap)] printed c.-book, one containing cc. for learners
;

Copep'nican, a. C. system, theory, (that to imitate c.-book maxims, morality, (common-

;

the planets, including earth, move round sun), place), [f. F copie f. L copia abundance, in phr.
[f. Copernicus latinized f. Koppernik, astro- dare copiam legendi give the power of reading,
nomer (d. 1543) + -an] i. c, give a copy]

Co'ping*, n. Top (usu. sloping) course of eo'py 2, v.t. i. &

Transcribe (from original),
masonry in wall overhanging ledge protecting
; whence eo'pyiST n. make copy of imitate, ; ;

wall-fruit ; c.-stone (used fore). [cope 2 + -ing 1

] [f. F copier f. med. L copiare (as prec)]
co'pious, a. Plentiful abounding in infor- eo'pyhold, n. & a. Tenure by copy (land)
;
;
mation profuse in speech (of languages) hav- so held. Hence eo'pyholdER i n.
; ;

ing large vocabulary. Hence eo'piousLY 2 co'pypig-ht, n. & a., & v.t. Exclusive right
adv., co'pious ness n. [f. L copiosus (copia given by law for term of years to author, de-
plenty, see -ous)] signer, &c, or his assignee to print, publish, or
co'ppep l, n. & a. Reddish malleable ductile sell, copies of his original work (adj. protected ; )
metal; bronze (formerly c.) coin, penny, half- by c. (of books &c) (v.t.) secure c for (book &c).
;

penny, farthing; cooking or laundry boiler of coque't i (-k-), a. Coquettish. [F (orig. noun,
iron or c; hot cc, mouth & throat parched by dim. of coq cock)]
drinking, cool one's cc. (by drinking) c.-bit, ; coque't 2, coquette, (k), v.i. (-tt-). Play the
soldering tool pointed with c. ; c.-bottom, v.t., coquette flirt (with); dally, trifle, with (matter,
;

sheathe bottom of (ship) with c. (esp. in p.p.) proposal &c ). [f F coqueter f prec. ]
, . .

c.-captain, sham captain c.-Indian, red Indian ; co'quetpy, n. Coquettish behaviour or act
of N. America copperhead, venomous Ameri-
; (fig.) trifling; attractive prettiness as result
can snake copperplate, polished c. plate for
; of art. [f. F coquetterie (coqueter, as prec; see
engraving or etching, print from this, (adj., of -ery)]
writing) neat; c.-smith, one who works in c. eoque'tte, n. Woman who trifles with man's
(v.t.) cover (ship's bottom &c.) with c. Hence affections crested humming-bird. Hence co- ;

eo'ppePY a. [(vb f. n.) OE coper f. pop. L que'ttiSH a., eoque'ttishLY 2 adv. [F, fern,
2
cuprum, L Cyprium (aes), Cyprian metal] of coquet]
co'ppep 2, n. (slang). Policeman, [cf. cop 2] eoqui'to (-ke-), n. Chilian palm-tree yielding
eo'ppepas (-as), n. Proto-sulphate of iron, palm-honey. [Sp., dim. of coco coco-nut]
green vitriol, [f. med.L cup(e)rosa perh. = aqua cop-, pref. = com- before r.
cuprosa copper water] eo'raele, n. Wicker boat covered with water-
co'ppice, n. Small wood of underwood & tight material used on Welsh & Irish lakes &
small trees, grown for periodical cutting; c- rivers, [f
wood, underwood, [f. OF copeiz f. LL*colpati-
cwrwgl f cwrwg = Ir. curach boat]
ed'paeo- in comb. (anat.). Of the coracoid
. W .

cium f. colpare cut (colpus f. L f. Gk kolaphos process (beak-shaped process extending from
blow, cuff)] shoulder-blade towards breast-bone), [f. Gk
ed'ppa, n. Dried kernel of coco-nut. [Port., korax -akos crow]
prob. f. Malayalam koppara coco-nut] ed'pal, n. & a. Hard calcareous substance
ed'ppo- in comb. = Gk kopros dung, as -lite, (red, pink, white, &c) secreted by many tribes :

fossil dung, so -li'tic a. -logy, treatment of of marine polyps for support & habitation c-
;
;
filthy subjects in literature &c. -phagous, (of reef, accumulation of this; toy of polished c
;

beetles) dung-eating. for children cutting teeth unimpregnated roe ;

copse, n. & v. t. = coppice copsewood, under- of lobster; (a.) like coral, esp. red; e.-island
, ;

wood (v.t.) treat as copsewood, cover with cc. (formed bygi-owth of coral); c.-rag, limestone
;

Hence co'psy 2 a. [syncop. form of coppice] containing beds of petrified cc. [OF, f. L coral'
Copt, n. Native Egyptian Christian of Jacob- lum f. Gk korallion]
 ; ]
;;
;:

CORALLI- 184 CORNEA

•eoralli- in comb. Coral, as -feroiis, -form*, central strand of rope innermost part, as (fig.) ;

bearing, shaped like, coral, [as prec, see -i-] rotten at the c, English to the c. heart a dis- ; ;

co'palline 1
, n. Genus of seaweeds with cal- ease, tumour, in sheep; (v.t.) remove c. from,
careous jointed stem; (pop.) name of various whence eop*ER 1
(2) n. Hence copc'less a. [?]
plant-like compound animals c zone of sea- ; co-pela*tion. See correlation.
depths, that in which these abound, [f. It. eo-peli'gionist, n. Adherent of same re-
corallina dim. of corallo coral) ligion. [-1ST]
eo'palline 1-I-. -I-), a. Coral red c. ware, Ita-
2 ; eo-pespo'ndent, n. Man proceeded against
lian red paste pottery (17th -18th c.) like, com- ; together with petitioner's wife (respondent)
posed of, coral, [f. L corallinus (coral, -ine )] ]
in divorce suit.
co'pallite, n. Fossil coral coral skeleton of ; copf, n. Large basket formerly used in min-
polyp coralline marble, [-ite l ]
; ing; basket in which fish are kept alive in
co'palloid, a. & n. (Organism) like, akin to, water._ [cf. Du. korf, G korb, perh. f. L corbis]
coral, [-oid] coria'ceous, a. Like leather, leathery, [f.
coram, prep. In the presence of (judice, a L coriaceus {corium leather, see -aceous)]
judge, populo, the public, &c). [L] cdpia'ndep, n. Annual plant with aromatic
eop'bel, n., & v.t. & (Arch.) projection i. (-11-). fruit (pop. called c seed) used for flavouring.
of stone, timber,&c, jutting out from wall to [F, f. L coriandrum f. Gk koriannon\

support weight, whence eop'bellED 2 a. (als»> ; Copi'nthian, a. & n. (Native) of Corinth

c.-block) short timber laid on wall or pier longi- Epistle to the Cc, book in N. T. ; (Arch.) C.
tudinally under beam; c -table, projecting order, one of the three Grecian orders, having
course resting on cc. v.t. & i.) c. out, off, (cause
; ( bell-shaped capital with rows of acanthus
to) project on cc. [(vb f. n.) OF, f. LL corvelliis leaves, whence CopinthianE'SQUE a. [f. L f.
dim. of corvus raven] Gk Korinthios (Korinthos) + -an]
cop'bie, n. (Sc). Raven; carrion crow; c- cork, n. & a., & v.t. Bark of cork-oak (c.-tree)
steps, step-like projections on sloping sides of piece of c. used as float for fishing line &c.
gable, [f. OF corb corbel + - v 3 ] bottle-stopper of c. (Bot.) inner division of the
;

cord, n., v.t. &

Thin rope, thick string; bark in higher plants; (adj.) made of c, as c.
(Anat.) cord -like structure in animal body, as jacket (for supporting person in water) cork- ;

spinal, umbilical, c, vocal cc. cord-like rib ; screw, steel screw for drawing c. from bottle, c.-s.
on cloth ribbed cloth, esp. corduroy cc, cor-
; ; curl (spirally twisted), (v.t. & i.) move spirally
duroy breeches or trousers measure of cut ; corkwood, name of various light porous woods
wood (usu. 128 cub. ft); (fig.)ice. of discipline, (v.t.) stop, stop up, (as) with c., blacken with
fourfold c of evidence, Sec. (v.t.) bind with c. ; burnt c. [(vb f. n.) f. Sp. corche f. L cortex -ids
((vb f. n.) f. F corde f. L f. Gk khorde gut, string bark or f. Sp. alcorque, etym. dub.]
;

of musical instrument] cop'kage (-ij), n. Corking, uncorking, of bot-

cop'dag'e (-ij), n. Cords, ropes, esp. in rigging tles hotel-keeper's charge for serving wine &c.
;

of ship. [F (as prec. + -age)] not supplied by himself, [-age]

cop'date, a. Heart-shaped, [f. L cor cordis corked, a. Stopped with, blackened with
heart, see -ate 2 burnt, cork ; (of wine) tasting of cork, [-ed l ]
]
cop'ded, a. Bound with cords ; furnished eop'kep, n. (slang). Circumstance that pre-
with cords ; (of cloth &c.) ribbed. [-ed 2 j ] > cludes further discussion, esp., notable lie. [-ER 1 ]
copdeliep* (-ler), n. Franciscan friar of strict cop'ky, a. Cork-like; (colloq.) frivolous,
rule (wearing knotted cord round waist). [F lively, skittish, restive. T-v 2 1
(cordelle dim. as cord, see -ier)] eopm, n. (bot.). Bulb-like subterraneous
cop'dial, a. n. &
(Medicine, food, drink) that stem, solid bulb. [f. Gk kormos trunk with
stimulates the heart, esp. (Commerc.) aromat boughs lopped off keiro cut)]
ized & sweetened spirit hearty, sincere warm, ; ; eopmo- in comb. Trunk, stem, (in terms re-
friendly, whence copdia'liTV 1 n.,eop'dialLV 2 ferring to evolution of races &c). fas prec]
adv. [f. med. L cordialis (cor cordis heart, -al)] eop'mopant, n. voracious sea-bird, 3ft A
cordil/er'a (-lyaror), n. Mountain ridge (one in length rapacious person, [f. F cormoran
;

of parallel series), esp. of the Andes same & f. L corvus marinus sea-raven]
system in Central America & Mexico. [Sp.] corn \ n. A grain, seed, esp. of cereals (also
cop'dite, n. A smokeless explosive, [f. cord of pepper &c.) ; (collect, sing.) gmin, also cereal
(from appearance) + -ite M'2)]
its plants while growing; (U.S.) maize, Indian c.
cop'don, n. Projecting course of stone in c-chandler, retail dealer in c. c-cob, part to ;

wall chain of military posts continuous circle

; ; which grains are attached in ear of maize ; c-
of persons; (also sanitary c.) guarded line be- cob pipe (made of this) c.-crake, the bird Land- ;

tween infected & uninfected districts orna- ; rail; c-exchange (for trade in c); c-factor,
mental cord or braid (pron. as F) ribbon of ; dealer in c. c-fiag, plant of genus Gladiolus
;

knightly order: fruit-tree pruned to grow as c-flour, fine-ground Indian c, also, flour of rice
single stem. [F (as cord, see -oon)] or other grain c-flower, name of various plants
;

cop'dovan, a. & n. (Leather) of Cordova, [f. growing among corn c. laws (regulating c- ;

Sp. co?*dova?i(o)] trade, esp. the English laws restricting impor-

eopdupoy, n. & a. Coarse thick ribbed cotton tation, and repealed in 1846) c-rent (paid in c. ;

stuff,worn chiefly by labourers (pi.) c. trousers ; or varying with price of c). [com.-Teut. f. Aryan
(U.S.)c. road, of tree-trunks laid across swamp, *grndm (ger- wear down), cf. L granum grain]
[perh. f. F " corde du roi king's cord] eopn 2 , v.t. Sprinkle, preserve, with salt (esp.
eop'dwain, n. (archaic). Spanish leather for- in p.p.). [£. prec]
merly used for shoes, [f. cordoan cordovan] OF eopn 3 h. Horny place esp. on feet tread on , ;

eop'dwainep, n. Shoemaker (now only as my cc, hurt my feelings. [OF, L cornu horn] f.
guild-name fee.), [f. OF cordoanier, as prec] eop'nbpash, n. (geol.). Coarse calcareous
core, n., & v.t. Horny capsule containing sandstone, [corn + brash rubble, etym. dub. *

seeds of apple, pear, &c. central part cut out ; eop'nea (-la), n. Transparent horny part of
(esp. of rock in boring) bar of soft iron forming ; anterior covering of eyeball. [L cornea (tela)
centre of electro -magnet or induction coil; horny (web)] .

For compounds of co- not given consult CO-.

 ; ;

CORNEL 185 CORPORATION

cop'nel, Genus including Cornelian Cherry quence, result, [f. L corollarium money paid
n.
& Common C. or Dogwood, [ult. f. L cornus) for chaplet, gratuity, neut. adj. f. prec, -ary i]
cornelian, cap-, n. Dull red or reddish- coro-na, n. (pi. -ae). Small disk of light round
white chalcedony, [f. F comeline, etym. dub.] sun or moon similar disk opposite sun an- ;

eor'neous, a. Horn-like, horny, [f. L corneus thelion halo of white light seen around'disk ;

(cornu horn) + -ous] of moon in total eclipse of sun (now known to

cop*nep,n.,&v.t.& i. Place where converging belong to sun) circular chandelier hung from ;

sidesoredges meet projectingangle, esp. where

;
roof of a church (Arch.) member of cornice ;

two streets meet turn the c, pass round it into

; with broad vertical face, usu. of considerable
another street, (fig.) pass critical point (in illness projection ; (Anat.) various crown-like parts of
&c) cut off a c, avoid it by a short cut (slang)
; ; body (Bot.) appendage on top of seed or inner
;

the C., Tattersall's betting-rooms (orig. near side of corolla. [L, = crown]
Hyde Park C.) hollow angle enclosed by
; coronach (-ch), n. Funeral-song, dirge, in
meeting walls &c. put (child) in the c. (as; Scotch Highlands and Ireland. lIr., = Gael
punishment); (fig.) drive into a c. (difficult coijanach (comh- together + ranach outcry)]
position from which there is no escape) secret ; co'ponal n. Circlet (esp. of gold or gems)
i,

or remote place, as done in a c, hole-db-c. trans- for the head wreath, garland, [prob. f. AF
;

actions (underhand) region, quarter, as all

; *corounal (coroune f. corona)]
the cc. of the earth (Commerc.) buying up the
; copo'nal 2 (also ko*-), a. (Anat.) c. suture,
whole of any stock in the market, so as to com- transverse suture of skull separating frontal
pel speculative sellers to buy from one to fulfil bone (c. bone) from parietal bones of the crown ;

their engagements, (loosely) any combination of the head (Bot.) of a corona. [F, f. L coronalis
;

to raise price by securing monopoly ; c.-chisel, (corona, see -al)J

-punch, ace, (angular, for cutting, cleaning, &c, c6'Ponate<d), a. (bot. & zool.). Furnished
cc); c.-stone, one in projecting angle of wall, with a corona or crown-shaped part. [f. L
(fig.) indispensable part, basis; (v.t.) furnish coronare (corona, see -ate )]2
with cc, set in c. drive into c (esp. fig.), force corona'tion, n. Ceremony of crowning
(dealers) or control (commodity) by means of sovereign or sovereign's consort c.-oath, taken ;

c. ; (v.i.) form c (in commodity), [(vb f. n.) f. bysovereign at c [OF (as prec, -ation)]
OF cornier ult. f. L cornu horn, see -ary *J co'poner, n. Officer of county, district, or
cop'net , n. (Also cornet-d-piston(s), corno-
1
municipality, holding inquest on bodies of
pean) brass musical instrument of trumpet persons supposed to have died by violence or
class, with valves or pistons; c -player, also accident c.'.s- inquest, inquiry held by c's court
;

cop'netiST n. ; conically-rolled piece of paper as to cause of death (orig.) officer charged with ;

for groceries &c ; solo c, echo c, organ-stops. maintaining rights of private property of
[OF, dim. of corn, cor, f. L cornu horn] crown. * Hence co'PonePSHip n. [f. AF
cop'net 2, n. White head-dress of Sister of corouner f. coroune crown, see -er 2 (2)]
Charity ; (formerly) fifth commissioned officer co'ponet, n. Small crown (implying dignity
in cavalry troop, who carried the colours (from inferior to that of sovereign) fillet of precious ;

obs. sense pennon, standard), whence cop*- materials, esp. as decorative part of woman's
netCY n. [f. F cornette dim. of come f. Rom. head-dress; garland, [f. OF coronette dim. of
corna f. L cornua horns] corone crown]
cop'nice, n. (Arch.) horizontal moulded pro- co'roneted, a. Wearing a coronet (esp. as
jection crowning a building &c, esp. upper- belonging to peerage), [-ed 2]
most member of entablature of an order, sur- copo'noid, a. (anat.). Curved like crow's
mounting frieze ornamental moulding round
; beak (of processes of bones), [f. Gk korone
wall of room just below ceiling (Mountaineer- ; crow + -oid]
ing) overhanging mass of hardened snow at copo'zo, n. S. -American tree, allied to palms
edge of precipice. Hence eop'niCED 2 a. [F c.-nut, its seed, from which vegetable ivory is
f. It., etym. dub. L has corona cornice, comix
; made, [native]
-ids crow] cop'popal *, a. Of the human body, as c. pun-
cornrferous, a. (geol.). Producing or con- ishment personal (archaic) c. oath, one ratified
; ;

taining hornstone. [f. L comifer horn-bearing by touching a sacred object. Hence cop*-
(cornu horn, see -ferous)] poralLV 2 adv. [OF, f. L corporalis (corpus
Cop'nish, a. Of Cornwall, [-ish 1
] -oris body, see -al)]
copno'pean. See cornet *. cop'popal -as, n. Cloth on which conse- 2
,
cop'nstone, n. Mottled red and green lime- crated elements are placed during celebration
bed in Old Red Sandstone of mass. [f. med. L corporalis (palla) body
stone, subordinate
formation, [corn *] cloth (as prec.) ; -as f. OF corporaus, -als, nom.
cornued'pia, n. (pi. -as). Horn of plenty sing.]
goat's horn represented in art as overflowing eop'popal 3, n. Non-commissioned officer
with flowers, fruit, and corn; ornamental ranking below sergeant; ship's c, officer at-
vessel shaped like this overflowing store, ; tending to police matters under master-at-arms.
whence copnueo'piAN a. [LL, f. L cornu [F, var. of caporal f. It. caporale prob. f. L cor-
copiae horn of plenty (that of the goat Amalthea poralis (as prec) confused w. capo head]
by which Zeus was suckled)] coppopa'lity, n. Material existence body ; ;
copnu'ted, a. Having horns or horn-like (pi.) bodily matters, wants, &c [f. IAj corpora-
projections, [f. obs. comute f. L cornutus litas (as corporal 1 see -ty)] ,

(cornu horn) + -ed l

] cop'popate (-at), a. Formingabody politic or
eop'ny 1 , a. Of, abounding in, corn, [-v 2] corporation, as c. c. toxen (having
c. body, body ;

eop'ny 2 , a. Of, having, corns, [corn 2 -v z\ + municipal rights) forming one body of many ;

copo'lla, Whorl
n. (bot.). of leaves, separate individuals of, belonging to, a body politic.
;

or grown together, forming inner envelope of Hence eop'popateLY 2 adv. [f. L corporare
flower. Hence gopoIIa'ceous a. [L, dim. of form into a body (corpus -oris), see -ate 2 ]
corona crown] eoppopa'tion, n. United body of persons,
copo'llapy, n. Proposition appended to one esp. one authorized to act as an individual arti- ;

already demonstrated, as self-evident inference ficial person created by charter, prescription, or

from it immediate deduction natural conse-
; ; act of the legislature, comprising many persons
 ;;, ;;

CORPORATIVE 186 CORRUPTIBLE

(c.aggregate) or one (c. sole) municipal c, civic
authorities of borough, town, or city; (colloq.)
abdomen, esp. when prominent, [f. L corpora-
tio (as prec, see -ation)]
eop*popative, a. Of a corporation, [f.L cor-
; co'ppelate & t. Have a mutual relation
2 , v.i.
(with, to) bring (thing) into such relation (urith
;
another), [as prec]
coppe'lative, a. & n. Having a mutual re-
lation {with, to) analogous (Gram., of words)
; ;

porativiis (as prec, see -ative)]
eop'popatop, n. Member of a corporation,
[as corporate, see -or 2]
coppop'eal, a. Bodily; material: (Law) tan-
gible, as c. hereditament (of material objects).
Hence coppopea'liTV
corresponding to each other & regularly used
together, e. g. either & or (n.) c word or thing. ;
Hence or cogn. eoppela'tiON n., coppe'la-
tiveLY 2 adv., eoppelati'viTY n. [cor]
coppespo'nd, v.i. Be in harmony (with, to)
n., coppop*ealLY 2 be similar, analogous, (to) agree in amount, ;

adv. [f. L corporeus

(corpus -oris body) + -al] position, &c
(to) communicate by interchange
;

coppope'ity, n. Quality of being or having of letters (with). Hence corresponding ly 2

a material body bodily substance, [f. med. L
; adv. [f. med. L con.(respondere respond)]
corporeitas (as prec, see -TV)] correspondence, n. Agreement, harmony,
cop'posant (znt), n. Ball of light sometimes (with, to ; between two) ; communication by
seen on shipduring storm, St Elmo's fire. [Port. letters ; letters, [as prec, see -ence]
corpo santo = L corpus sanctum holy body] correspondent, n. & a. One who writes
copps (kor), n. (pi. same, pron. korz). Division letters (to person or newspaper, esp. one em-
of an army ; body of troops for special service ; ployed for that purpose, as our New York c,
c. d'armAe (pron. -ma'), Army-c. c.-dc-ballet ; ware); person, firm, having regular business
(pron. -la"), dancers in ballet. [F (as foil.)] relations with another esp. in another country ;

coppse, n. Dead (usu. human) body ; c.-can- (adj.) corresponding (to, icith, or abs.), whence
dle, lambent flame seen in churchyard or over correspondents y 2 adv. [as prec, -ent]
grave, regarded as omen of death, [f. OF cors eo'PPidop, n. Main passage in large building,
(mod. corps) f. L corpus body] on which many rooms open; outside passage
cop'pulent, a. Bulky(of body); fat. Socop'- connecting parts of building; c. train (with
PuIence, -encv, nn. [F, f. L corpulentus (cor- narrow passage from end to end). [F, f. It. cor-
pus body, see -ulent)] ridore corridor for corridoio (correre run 4-
cop'pus, n. Body, collection, of writings -orio -ory) by confus. w. corridore runner]
c. juris, body of law c. delicti, all that goes to
; eo'PPie, n. (Sc). Circular hollow on mountain
make a breach of law; (Physiol.) structure of side. [f. Gael, cotre cauldron]
special character in the animal body; (R.-C. corrigendum (-j-), n. (pi. -da). Thing to
Ch.) C. Christi, Feast of the body of Christ be corrected (esp. fault in printed book). [L
(Thursday after Trinity Sunday). [L, = body] (as CORRECT 1
, -ND *)]
cop'puscle (si), coppu*scule (kul), n. co'ppig-ible, a. Capable of being corrected ;

Minute body forming distinct part of the organ- (of persons) submissive, open, to correction. [F
ism, esp. (pi.) those constituting large part of (as correct J
, see -ble)]
the blood in vertebrates atom (esp. of electri- ; eoppi'val,n. = rival.
city), [f. L corpusculum (as prec, see -cule)] eoppo'bopant, a. & n. Strengthening (medi-
eoppu'seulap, a. Of corpuscles or atoms cine) ; corroborating (fact). [F(as foil., see -ant)1
c. (emission) theory of light, [as prec + -ar l ] eoppo'bopate, v.t. Confirm formally (law
coppa/l, n. ,&
v. t. (-11- ). Pen for horses, cattle, &c); confirm (person, statement) by evidence
&
&c (in U.S. Span. Amer.) defensive enclo- ; &c Hence or cogn. eoppo'bopativE, cop-
sure of wagons in encampment enclosure for ; po'bopatORY, aa., eoppo*bopatOR 2 n. [f. L
capturing wild animals; (v.t.) form (wagons) coR(robomre f. robur -oris hard wood), -ate 3 ]
into c, confine in c [(vb f. n.) Sp. (corro ring of coppobopa'tion, n, Confirmation by further
spectators f. correr toros give bull-fight f. L evidence. [F (as prec, see -ation)]
currere run)] eoppd'bopee, n. Native dance of Australian
coppe'et l, v.t. Set right, amend substitute aborigines, [native] ;

right for (wrong) mark errors in (proof-sheet eoppo'de, v.t. & i. Wear away, destroy gra-
;

&c) for amendment; admonish (person); cure dually, (of rust, chemical agents, diseases, &
(person) of fault; punish (person, fault) coun- fig.); (intr.) decay. So coppo'sion n. [f. L
;

teract (hurtful quality) bring into accordance con(rodere ros- gnaw)]

;

with standard (reading of barometer &c). [f. L eoppo'sive, a. & n. (Thing) tending to cor-
C0R(rigere red- = regere guide)] rode (lit. &c fig.); c. sublimate, mercuric (bi-)
coppe'et 2, a. True, accurate ; right, proper, chloride of mercury, a strong acrid poison.
(of conduct, manners, &c) in accordance with Hence eoppo'siveLY 2 adv., eoppo'sive-
;

a good standard (of taste &c). Hence cop*- ness n. [F (-if, -ive), as corrode, see -ive]
pe'etLY 2 adv., eoppe'etNESS n. [as prec] eo'ppug'ate, v.t. & i. Contract into wrinkles
coppe'etion, n. Correcting I speak under c. or folds (t. & i.) mark with, bend into, Tidges,
; ;

I may be wrong thing substituted for what is as Corrugated iron.

; Hence coppugATiONn.
wrong punishment, as house of c. (bridewell). [f. L C0B.(rugare f. ruga wrinkle), -ate 3]
;

Hence coppe'etionAL a. [F, f. correctionem eo'ppug-atop, n. Muscle that contracts the

(as prec, see -ion)] brow in frowning, [as prec, see -or 2]
coppe'ctive, a. & n. (Thing) serving, tend- eoppu'pt J , a. Rotten depraved, wicked ; ;
ing, to correct or counteract what is harmful. influenced by bribery (of language, texts, &c) ;

Hence eoppe'ctiveLY 2 adv. [F (-if, -ive), as vitiated by errors or alterations. Hence cop-
correct l see -ive], rirptLY 2 adv., eoppirptNESS n. [f. L cor-
eoppe'etop, n. One who corrects censor, (rumpere rupt- break)] ;

critic c. of the jyress, proof-reader

; one who eoppirpt 2, v.t. & i. Infect, taint, (lit. & fig.)
;

punishes, [f. AF corectour f. L correctorem (as bribe; destroy purity of (language) (intr.) be- ;
2
foil., see -or )] come corrupt. So eoppu'ptiVE a. [f. prec,
ed-ppelatei, Each
two related things displacing earlier corrump]
n. of
(esp. so related that one implies the other). eoppu'ptible, a. Liable to corruption, perish-
[cor- + L relatum p.p. of refei~re refer] able capable of moral corruption. Hence or ;

For csmpounds of co- not given consult co-.

 ;

CORRUPTION 187 COSTEAN

cogn. eoppuptiBi'LiTY n., coppirptibr/r 2
adv. [F, f. L corruptibilis (corrupt *, -ble)]
coppu'ption, n. Decomposition moral de-
terioration use of corrupt practices (bribery
; eo's her, v.t. Pamper, cocker up. [?]
&c); perversion (of language &c.) from its origi-
nal state (Law) c. of blood, effect of attainder
;
upon person attainted. [F, f. L corruptionem
(as prec, see -ion)]
cor'sac, -ak, n. (zool.). Tartar fox. [Turki]
corsage (korsalrzh, kor'sij), n. Body of
woman's dress, bodice. [OF {coi*s body, see
corpse & -AGE)]
eop'saip, n. Privateer, privateering vessel,
of Barbary. [f. F corsaire f. med. L cursaritis
cosei'smal (-siz-), a. & n. (Line or curve con-
necting points) of simultaneous shock from
; earthquake wave, [co-]
co-si'g-natopy, a. & n. (Person) signing
jointly with others, [co-]
co*sine,n. (trig.). Sine of complement of given
angle (abbr. cos), [co-]
cosmetic (-z-),a. &n. (Preparation) designed
to beautify hair, skin, or complexion, [f. Gk
kosmetikos (kosmeo adorn f. kosmos order,
adornment, see -etic)]
co'smic, a. Of the universe or cosmos (esp.
as distinguished from the earth) c. philosophy ;

(cursus -us inroad, f. currere run, -ary *)] =foll. Hence co'smicAL a,, eo'smiealLV 2
copse, n. (archaic, poet.). = corpse. adv. Gk kosmikos (kosmos world, see -ic)]
[f.
cop'set, n. Woman's closely fitting inner co'smism, n. Conception of the cosmos as
bodice stiffened with whalebone fastened by & a self-acting whole. Soco'smiSTn. [cosmos +
lacing, stays. Hence eop'setED 2 a. [F, dim. -ism]
of OF cor.s- body, see corpse] cosmo- in comb. = Gk kosmos universe, as
cop'slet, copse-, n. Piece of armour cover- -geny, evolution of the universe, -logy, -logist,
ing body garment (usu. tight-fitting) covering
; -lo'gical, science of, student of, concerned with,
body as distinct from limbs (Zool.) insect's ; the universe, -pla'stic, moulding the universe.
thorax, part between head & abdomen. [F eosmo'gony, n. (Theory of) the creation of
(corse-), double dim. as prec] the universe. So cosmog
6*nic(AL) aa., cos- ,

cortege (-azh), n. Train of attendants pro- ; mo*goniST(3) n. [f. Gk

kosraogonia (cosmo- +
cession. [FJ -gonia -gonos -begetting)]
f.
Cortes, n. pi. Two chambers making legis- cosmo'graphy n. Description, mapping,
lative assembly of Spain or Portugal. [Sp., of general features of universe or earth. So
Port.] cosmo'GRAPHER n., eosmoGRA thic(al) aa.
cop*tex,n. (pi. -tices). Bark outergrey matter ; Gk kosmographia, see cosmo-, -graphy]
[f.
of brain, outer part of kidney. [L, =bark] cosmopolitan, a. & n. Belonging to all
eop'tieal,a. (Bot.) of the bark or rind ;(Anat., parts of the world (person) free from national
;
Zool.) forming the outer part of animal body or limitations. Hence cosmopo'litaniSM n.,
organ, [f. prec. + -al] cosmopo'litamzE i. [f. foil. + -an]
v.t. &
eop*tieate(d), a. Having bark ; bark-like, cosmo'polite, n. &
Citizen of the world ... :

[f.L corticatus (as prec, see -ate 2 )] (adj.) free from national prejudices. Hence
coru'ndum, n. Crystallized mineral of same cosmo'politisM n. [f. Gk kosmopolites
species as sapphire & ruby, blue, grey, brown, (cosmo- + polites citizen)]
black ; mineral species of crystallized alumina, cosmo poli'tical, a. Belonging to universal
[f.Tamil kurunclam] polity, prec. + -ical]
[f.
eo'puscate, v.i. Sparkle, flash, (lit., & fig. cosmopa'ma (-rah-), n. Peep-show illus-
of wit &c). So eopu'SGANT a., copusca'tion trating all parts of the world. Hence cos-
n. [f. L coruscare, see -ate 3] mopa*mic a. [f. cosmo- + Gk horama spec-
corvee* Day's work of un-
(-va), n. (feudal). tacle (horao see)]
paid labour due by vassal statute labour, c g.
; co'smos (-z-), n. The universe as an ordered
that exacted of French peasants before 1776. whole ordered system of
; ideas, &c, sum- total
[F, f. Rom. coruadai. lAjCOnrogata (opera) re- of experience, Gk kosmos)
[f.
quisitioned (work) rogare ask
f. Co'ssack, n.
J Name of a Turkish people sub-
eopve'tte, Flush-decked war-ves- ject to Russia, esp. as light horse in Russian
n. (naut.).
sel with one tier of guns. [F, f. Sp. corbeta army. [f. Turki quzzaq adventurer]
cf. L corbita (navis) ship of burden (corbis co'sset, n., & v.t. Pet-lamb (v.t.) pet, pam- ;

basket)] per, [(vb f. n.) perh. =OE cotsxta cot-sitter (i.e.

eop'vine, a. Of, akin to, the raven or crow, animal brought up in house)]
L corvinus (corvus raven, see -ine )]
[f. cost (kaw-, ko-), n. Price(tobe)paidforthing;
1 1

Cd'pybant, n. (pi. -s, -es). Priest of Phrygian prime c. (also c. price), that at which merchant
worshipof Cybele, performed with extravagant buys (pi.) law expenses, esp. those allowed in ;

dances.Hence Copy ba*ntiAN,Copyba*n tic, favour of winning party expenditure of time * ;

Copyba'ntiNE, aa. ff. F Corybanie f. L Cory- labour, &c at the c. of, at the expense of ;

bantem (nom. -as) f. Gk Kwrubas] losing to a person's c, to his loss c.-book ; ;

Co'pydon, n. Typical rustic in pastoral (showing expenses, profit, &c of mine). Hence
poetry. [L, f. Gk Korudon] ccstLESS a. [OF (as foil.)]
eo'pymb, n. (bot.). Species of inflorescence; cost 2 (kaw-, ko-), v.i. (cost). Be acquirable at,
raceme in which lower flower-stalks are pro- involve expenditure of, as c. him ftve shillings,
portionally longer. Henceeorymbo'SE a. [f. c. the writer infinite labour result in the loss
1
;

F cerymbe f. L f. Gk korumbos cluster] of, as c. him his croivn c. him dear(ly), involved ;

eopyphae'us (-fe-), n. Leader of a chorus a heavy penalty (Commerc.) fix prices. (No ;

(also fig.*. [L, f. Gk koruphaios (koruphe head)] pass. the person is indirect object, the price is ;

eory'za, n. Catarrh. [L, f. Gk koruza run- expressed adverbially, in being understood),

ning at nose] [f.OF coster, couster, f. LcON(stare stand) with
cos \ n. (Also C. lettuce) kind of lettuce in- dative of person, locative of price]
troduced from Cos (now Stanchio). [f. Gk Kos] cd'stal, a. Of the ribs. [F, f. med. L costalis
cos 2, n. Abbr. of cosine. (costa rib, see -al)]
cosa'que (-ank), n. Cracker bon-bon. [F] co'stapd, n. Large kind of apple (archaic) ;

cose Make
oneself cosy, [back-for-
(-z), v.i. head. [perh. f. OF coste rib (as prec) + -ard]
mation on cosy, cf. laze f. lazy, & coze] co'state, a. Ribbed, having ribs. [f. L costa-
cose'canl, n. (trig.). Secant of complement tus (as costal, see -ate 2 )]
of given angle (abbr. cosec). [co-] costea'n, "een, v i. (mining). Sink pits down
 ;

COSTERMONGER 188 COUNCIL.

to rock to find direction of lode, [f . Corn, cothas refuse yarn used for cleaning machinery &c;
stean dropped tin] c.-wool, raw c, esp. as prepared for wadding;
cd'step(mongep), n. Man who sells fruit, c. yam, c. prepared for weaving into fabrics.
fish, &c., from barrow in street, [costard] Hence co'tton y 2 a. [f. F f. OSp. coton f. Arab.
eo'stive, a. With confined bowels, consti- qutun]
pated (fig.) niggardly. Hence co'stivexESS n.
;
co'tton 2 , v.i. Agree, harmonize, (together,
[f. OF costivt, f. L constipatus constipated] with each other) c. wp.make friendly advances
;

eo'stly, a. Of great value; expensive. Hence (to or abs.) become attached to. [f. prec]
;

CO'StllNESS n. [-LY l ] eottono'cracy, n. The magnates of the

eo'straary, n. Aromatic perennial plant, cotton trade, [cotton l + -o- + -cracy]
formerly used in medicine & for flavouring cotyledon, n. Primary leaf in embryo of
ale. [OE L f. Gk kostos + (St) Mary]
cost f. higher plants, seed-leaf; genus of plants in-
c6*stume(aZ.so-tu m), n.,& v.t. Style, fashion ,
cluding navelwort or pennywort. [L, f. Gk
of dress or attire (including way of wearing kotuledon cup-shaped cavity (kotule cup)]
hair) complete set of outer garments c.-piece,
; ; cotyle'donous, a. Havingcotyledons. [-ous]
play in which actors wear historical costume ; cd'tyloid, a. (anat.). Cup-shaped, [f. Gk
(v.t.) provide with c. [(vb f. n.) F, f. It, costu?ne kotidoeides (kotide cup, see -oid)]
f.L consuetudinem custom] couch Mkowtsh),n. Bed; thing one sleeps on;
costu'miep, -mer, n. Maker of, dealer in, lounge like sofa, but with half-back and head-
costumes. costumer (costume)J
[F \-ier), f. end only (Malting) bed in which grain germi-
;

eo'sy (-zi), -zy, a. & n. Comfortable, snug, nates after steeping, [f. F couche (as foil.)]
(of person or place) (n.) canopied corner seat ;
couch 2 (kowtsh), v.t. i. Lay onese//down &
for two F
causeuse), tea, egg, -c, quilted
(cf. (now only in p.p.) (Malting) lay (grain) on floor
;

covering to retain heat in teapot, egg. Hence to germinate lower (spear &c.) to position of
;

co'siLY 2 adv., eo'siNESS n. [?] attack : remove (cataract also c. person, per- ;

&
cot *, n., v.t. Small erection for shelter, as son's eye, for cataract) express (thought &c. in ;

bell-, sheep-, c; (poet.) cottage (v.t.) put (sheep) ; words); veil (meaning under words); (of animals)
in c. [(vb OTeut. *kutom]
f. n.) OE, f. lie (esp. in lair) crouch, cower lie in ambush,
; ;

eot (Anglo-Ind.) light bedstead; (Xaut.)

2 ,n. [f. F coucher f. L coy(locare place)]
swinging bed for officers, sick persons, &c; couch 3 (kow-, koo-), n. (More usu. c.-grass)
small (usu. swinging) bed for child bed in chil- ; kind of grass with long creeping roots, a com-
dren's hospital. [Anglo-Ind., f. Hind, khat bed- mon weed. [var. of quitch]
stead, bier] cou'ehant (kow-), a. (herald.). (Of animals)
cot 3, n. Abbr. of foil. lying with body resting on legs and head raised.
cota'ngent, n. (trig.). Tangent of comple- [F, part, as couch 2 ]
ment of given angle (abbr. cot), [co-] cou'gap (koo-), n. Large American feline
cote, n. Shed, stall, shelter, esp. for animals, quadruped, puma. [f. F couguar repr. Guarani
as dove-, hen-, sheep-, c. [OE, parallel to cot guazu ara] 1
]

co-temporapy&c. See contemporary &c. cough (kawf kof n. Act of coughing ten- J , ), ;

co-tenant, n. Joint tenant, [co-] dency to cough, diseased condition of respira-

co'tenie Circle, set, of persons asso-
(-rl), n. tory organs, [f. foil.]
ciated by exclusive interests select circle in ; cough 2 (as prec), v.i. t. Expel air from &
society. [F, orig. = association of country peo- lun^s with violent effort and noise produced by
ple, f. cotier cottar, see -ery] abrupt opening of glottis; (trans.) c. out, up,
cothurnus, n. Buskin, thick-soled boot of eject by, say with, cough c. down, silence ;

Athenian tragic actor (also fig., of elevated style (speaker) by coughing. [ME coghen; OE has
&c). [L, f. Gk kothornos] cohhetan ; cf. MDu. cuchen, Du. kitchen, cough,
eo-ti'dal, a. C. line on map (connecting places G keuchen pant ; all imit.]
at which high water occurs at same time), [co-] could. See can 2 .

coti'llion, cotillon (F), n. Name of several coulisse (koohVs), n. Side-scene in theatre ;

dances music for these. [F (-lion), = petticoat]

; space between two of these groove in which ;

eo'ttagre, n. Labourer's or villager's small sluice-gate moves. [F, f. OF coule'is f. L *cola-

dwelling small country residence c. hospital
; ; ticius (co/are_flow)]
(in c, without resident medical staff) c. loaf ; couloir (koolwarT), n. Steep gorge on moun-
of bread (of two round masses, smaller on top tain side. [F]
of larger) ; c. piano (small upright), [prob. f. coulomb (koolo'm), n. Quantity of electri-
AF *cotage (cote 4- -age)] city conveyed in one second by current of ono
eo'ttag-er, n. Inhabitant of a cottage, [-er 1 ] ampere, [de C, French physicist]
eo'ttar, -en *, n. Scotch peasant occupying cou'ltep (ko-), co*l-, n. Iron blade fixed in
cottage on farm, and labouring on farm at fixed front of share in plough. [OE culter f. L culter]
rate when required = cottier, [f. med. L ; cou'mapin (koo-), n. Aromatic crystalline
QOtarius (cota cote, see -ART 1 )] substance found in seeds of Tonka bean &c
eo'ttep , n. Key, wedge, bolt, for securing [f. F coumarine (coumarou, name in Guiana of
2

l>arts of machinery &c; c.-pin, pin to keep c. Tonka bean, see -in)]
in place. [?] cou'ncil (ko w-), n. Ecclesiastical assembly, as
co*ttiep, n. Cottager ; Irish peasant holding oecumenical, diocesan, c; (X.T.) Jewish Sanhe-
under c. tenure (letting of land in small portions drin;advisory jrdeliberativeassembly,as(Hist.)
at rent fixed by competition). [OF (as cottar)] Great C, c. of tenants-in-chief & great ecclesi-
co'tton , n. White downy fibrous substance
1
astics (last summoned in 1640), cabinet c; body
clothing seeds of c.-plant, used for making cloth, of councillors, as privy c, C. of State (of foreign
thread, &c. c.-plant; thread spun from c. yarn
; countries) body assisting governor of British
;

(also seicing-c.) cloth made of cotton ; gun-c. ; ;

crown colony or dependency local administra- ;

e.-cake, compressed c. seed as food for cattle
c.-grass, kinds of plant with white silky hairs
c. lord, magnate of c. trade c. -spinner, work-
man who spins cotton, owner of c. mill c. waste,
tive body of town, city, or administrative
;
county, as County C.; C. of War, assembly of
; officers called in special emergency, (in some
; foreign countries) permanent military board ;

For compounds of co- not given consult CO-.

 ;; J;

COUNCILLOR 189 COUNTERPART

c.-board, table at which c. sits, c. in session c- game) contrary, as act, go, c. (to instructions ; ;

chamber, -house, (in which c. meets). ((1) in &c). [f. F contre see foil.]
eccles. sense f OF cuncile f L con (dlium assem-
. cou'ntep- (kow-), pref. f. F contre (It.contra) f.
.

bly, meeting (calare call) (2) f. OF conseil f. L L contra against, in return, orig. in words f. OF,
;

consilium advisory body, counsel; E confused F, or It., but now a living prenx of vbs, nouns!
the two words; ace. to mod. different, (begun adjj., and advv., with sense (1) reciprocation!
in 16th c.) council = any deliberative body, opposition, frustration, rivalry, (2) opposite po>
counsel = act of counselling, advice, &c] sition or direction, (3) correspondence, match,
cou'ncillop, n. Member of a council. Hence (of things having naturally two opposite parts),
eou'neillopSHiP n. [16th-c. different, f. coun- (4) duplicate, substitute.
sellor] countepa'ct, v.t. Hinder, defeat, by con-
eou'nselMkow-^n. Consultation; takec, con- trary action neutralize. Hence counter- ;

sult (with or abs.) advice (Theol.) c. of perfec-

; ; a'ctioNn., eountepa'ctivE a. [counter-(I)]
tion, injunction (orig. of Christ or Apostles) not countep-a'g-ent, n. Counteracting agent
regarded as universally binding (Matt. xix. 21); or force. [counter-(I)]
plan ; keep one's (own) or another's c. (secret) counter-approach, n. (mil.). Work con-
body of legal advisers in cause ; barrister structed by besieged outside permanent forti-
King's, Queen's, C. (abbr. K.C., Q.C.), c. to the fications to check besiegers. [counter-(I)]
crown, takingprecedenceof ordinary barristers, cou'ntep-attpaction,n. Attraction of con-
[f. OF conseil f. LcoN(.s-i7t'r*mf. sal- jump = Skr. trary tendency rival attraction, [counter- (1)]
•

sar- go) deliberative body, plan, cf. council] counterbalance, n.,& v.t. Weight balanc-
counsel -, v.t. (-11-). Advise (person to do) re- ; ing another (v.t.) act as c. to. [counter-(I)]
;

commend (thing, that). [1. F conseiller f. LL counterblast, n. Energetic declaration

consiliare (L -ari), as prec] against something. [counter-(I)]
counsellor, n. Adviser; (also c.-at-law) ad- counter-ceiling-, n. Layer of dry material
vising barrister (now only in Ireland), [f. OF between joists of floor. [counter-(4)]
conseillere, -tor, f. L consiliator(em) ; as prec, countepcha'nge, v.t. & i. Interchange ;
-OR 2 ] chequer (intr.) change places or parts, [f. F
;

count (kow-), n. Counting sum total ; (Law)

1 ; contrechanger (see counter-(I) and change v.)
each charge in an indictment; (H. of Commons) countercharge, n. Charge in opposition to
c.-out, c, adjournment when fewer than 40 another, charge against accuser. [counter-(I)]
members are present, [f. OF conte f. LL com- countercheck, n. Check that opposes a
putum (as foil. )] thing check that operates against another.
;

count 2 v.t. &

, i. Enumerate, reckon up re- ; [COUNTER-(l)]
peat numerals in order c. up, find the sum of ; counter-claim, n. Claim set up against
c. out, count while taking from a stock c. out another; claim set up by defendant in suit. ;

the House, procure adjournment (as prec); [COUNTER-(l)]

include in reckoning consider (a thing) to be countep-clo'ckwise. See clock \
;

(so & so) c. on, upon, expect confidently

; be counterfeit 1 (-It, -et), a. & n. (Thing) made ;

included in reckoning, as that does not c; c.for, in imitation, not genuine, (of coins, writings,
be worth (much &c); (Sc.) c. kin (with), be de- persons, &c). [f. OF contrefet, -fait, p.p. of
monstrably related (to), [f. OF conter compute] contrefaire f. med. L coNTRA(/acere make)]
count 3 (kow-), n. Foreign noble corresp. to eou'ntepfeit 2 (-it, -et), v.t. Imitate forge ;

earl c. palatine. Hence cou'ntsmp n.

; [f. (coin, bank-notes, hand-writing) simulate (feel- ;

OF conte f. L comitem (nom. -mes) companion] ings); (fig.) resemble closely, [f. prec]
countenance 1 (kow-), n. Expression of face, cou'ntepfoil, n. Complementary part of
as change one's c. (from emotion), keep one's c, bank cheque, official receipt, &c, with note of
maintain composure, esp., refrain from laugh- particulars, retained by drawer. [counter-(3)]
ing face composure, as put out of c, discon-
; ; eou'ntepfopt, n. Buttress supporting wall
cert, keep (person) in c. (usu. by sbow of sup- or terrace, [f. F contrefort (counter-, fort)]
port), [f. OF contenance bearing, aspect, f. L countep-i'ppitant, n. Thing used to pro-
continentia (as contain, see -ence)] duce surface irritation and thus counteract
cou'ntenance 2, v.t. Sanction (act); en- disease (also fig.). So eounter-irrita'tion
courage (person, practice, person in practice). n. [COUNTER-(l)]
If. OF contenancer (as prec.)] countepma'nd, v.t., & n. Revoke (com-
cou'ntep *, n. Small (usu. round) piece of mand) recall (person, forces, &c.) by contrary ;

metal, ivory, &c, used for keeping account in order cancel order for (goods &c) (n.) order ; ;

games, esp. cards imitation coin banker's revoking previous one. [f. OF contremand(er)
; ;

table table in shop on which money is counted n. & vb f. med. L contra (mand are order)]
;

out & across which goods are delivered c- cou'ntermapk, n. Additional mark, for ;

jumper, shop assistant, [f. OF conteoir f. L com- greater security &c additional mark on bale ;

putatorium (as compute, see -orv(2))] of goods belonging to several merchants hall- ;

counter 2, n. Part of horse's breast between mark added to that of the maker, [f. F contre-
shoulders and under neck; curved part of stern marque, see counter-(3) & mark]
of ship. [perh. f. counter 5 ] eou'ntermine, n., & v.t. & (Mil.) mine i.
counter 3 , Circular parry in
n. (fencing). made to intercept that of besiegers submarine ;

which hand retains same position while point mine sunk to explode enemy's mines by its
describes a circle, [f. F contre counter-] explosion ; (fig. ) counterplot (v. t. oppose by c.
; )

cou'ntep4 , n.(shoemaking). Back part of shoe (v.i.)makeac [counter-(I)]

or boot round heel. [abbr. of counterfort|
cou'ntep 5 , a. Opposed opposite duplicate,
{arising f. combb. w. counter-]
cou'ntep 6, v.t. & i. Oppose, contradict;
(Chess) meet with counter move (Boxing) give
(opponent, or abs.) return blow while parrying,
[partly f. encounter, partly f. counter-]
cou'ntep 7 , adv. In the opposite direction,
as hunt, run, go, c. (i. e. to direction taken by
eou'ntepmupe, n. Wall raised within or
; ; behind another as reserve defence, [f. F contre-
mur (counter-(2), 7nur f. L murus wall)]
cou'nteppane (-in, -an), n. Outer covering
; of bed, coverlet, quilt, [f. obs. counterpoint f.
OF contrepointe corrupt, of cniltepointe f. L
culcita puncta stitched quilt ; assim. to pane
in obs. sense cloth]
counterpart, n. Duplicate person, thing, ;
 ;; ;;;

COUNTERPLOT 190 COURSE

forming natural complement to another oppo- ; Man of one's own (or a specified) country ; per-
site part of indenture.
[COUNTER-(3)] . son living in rural parts.
cou'nterplot, n., & v.t. Plot contrived to cou'nty (kow-), n. Territorial division in
defeat another (v.t.) frustrate by c, devise c.
; Great Britain and Ireland, chief unit for admin-
against. [counter-(I)] istrative, judicial, and political purposes ad- ;

cou'nteppoint, n. (mus.). Melody added as ministrative division in most British colonies ;

accompaniment to given melody art, mode, of (U.S.) political and administrative division
;

adding melodies as accompaniment according next below State people of a c. c. palatine ; ; ;

to fixed rules double c. (in which the melodies c. corporate, city, town, ranking as adminis-
;

can be placed in any order above or below one trative c. c. borough, one of over 50,000 inhabi- ;

another), [f. OF contrepoint f. med. L contra- tants ranking (since 1888) as administrative c. ;

punctum pricked oppojite, i. e. to the original c. council, representative governing body of

melody (pungere punct- prick)] administrative c. c. court, local court esp. for ;

eou'nteppoise (-z), n. Counterbalancing recovery of small debts, whence c.-court (v.t.

1

weight; thing of equivalent force &c. on colloq.), sue in this; c. family (with ancestral
opposite- side equilibrium, [f. OF contrepois seat in a c.) c. town, chief town in county, [f.
; ;

(contre counter-(I) + pols f. hpensum weight)] OF cunte £ L comitatus (as count 3 see -ate')] ,

cou'nterpoise 2 (z-), v.t. Counterbalance; coup (koo), n. Notable or successful stroke

compensate ; bring into, keep in, equilibrium or move ; (Billiards) direct holing of ball ; c.
(lit. & fig.),
[f. OF contrepeser (contre COUNTER- d'etat (detalr), violent or illegal change in
+ f. L pensare assim. to prec.)]
peser government ; c. de grace (de grahs), finishing
counter-reformation, n. Reformation stroke ; c. de main
(F), sudden vigorous attack
running counter to another, esp. that in Church c. d'oeil comprehensive glance, general
(F),
of Rome following on Protestant Reformation. view. [F, f. LL colpitis f. L f. Gk kolaphos blow]
[COUNTER-(I)] coupe (koo'pa), n. Four-wheeled close car-
eou'ntersearp, n. (fortif.). Outer wall or riage for two inside & driver; half-compartment
slope of ditch, supporting covered way. [f. F at end of railway carriage. [F, p.p. of couper
contrescarpe contra (scarpa scarp)]
f. It. cut, as noun]
eoirntepsig'n , n. Watchword, pass- word,
l cou'ple 1 (ku-), n. Leash for holding two
given to all men on guard (cf. parole) mark ; hounds together, whence (fig.) go, hunt, run, in
used for identification &c. [f. OF contresigne cc. ;pair, brace, esp. of hunting dogs wedded ;

(see counter-(3) & sign)] or engaged pair pair of partners in dance a ; ;

cou'ntepsig-n 2, v. t. Add signature to (docu- c. of, two one of a pair of rafters (Dynam.)
; ;

ment already signed) ratify, [f. OF contre- ; pair of equal and parallel forces acting in oppo-
signer (as prec.)] site directions, [f. OF cople f. L copula]
countepsi'nk, v.t. Bevel off (top of hole) to cou'ple-, v.t. & i. Fasten, link, together
receive head of screw or bolt sink (screw-head) ; (esp. dogs in pairs) connect (railway carriages) ;

in such hole. [counter-(3)] by a coupling unite, bring together, (persons)

;

eountep-te'nop, n. (Part for, singer (mus.). marry (t. & i.) associate in thought or speech
;

with) male voice higher than tenor, alto. [f. (two things together, one with another) (intr.) ;

obs. F contre-teneur (see contra- & tenor)] unite sexually, [f. OF copier (as prec.)]
eountepvai'l, v.t. & i. Counterbalance ; cou'plep, In vbl senses; esp. contrivance
n.
avail against, [f. OF contrevaloir I. L contra for connecting two manuals, or manual with
valere] pedals, or two keys, of organ, [prec. + -er ] ]
eoirntepwopk, n., & v.t. & i. (Mil.) work cou'plet, n. Pair of successive lines of verse.
raised in opposition to those of enemy (gen.) ; [F, dim. of couple]
opposing work; (v.t.) counteract, frustrate; cou'pling", n. In vbl senses; esp. link con- :

(v.i.) work in opposition. [counter-(I)] necting two railway carriages contrivance for ;

cou'ntess, n. Wife, widow, of count or earl connecting parts of machinery, [-ing ] ]

lady ranking with count or earl in her own
right, [f. OF contesse f. LL comitissa fern, of
conies -Ms count]
cou*nting--house, n. Building, room, de-
voted to keeping accounts
cou'ntless, a. Too many to count, ["-less]
coupon (koo"pon, or as F), n. Detachable
ticket entitling holder to periodical payments
of interest, services of excursion agency, &c.
[F, =piece cut off (couper, see cope, -oon)]
; office. cou'page (ku'rij), n. Bravery, boldness, as
take, pluck up, lose, c. Didch c. (induced by ;

covrntpified, -pyfied, a. Rural, rustic, in drinking); c. of one's opinions, c. to act up to

appearance, manners, &c. [p.p. of countinfy, them. [OF (canir f. L cor heart, see -age)]
else little used (countrv + -FY)] courageous (ker&'jus), a. Brave, fearless.
eou'ntpy (ku-), n. Region territory of a Hence eoupa'gfeousLY 2 adv., coupa'ge-
;

nation land of a person's birth, citizenship, ousness n. [f. OF corageus f. prec, see -ous]
;

&c, fatherland rural districts as opp. to towns, cou'piep (kdb-), n. Servant employed to make
;

esp. the rest of a land as opp. to the capital travelling arrangements on continent title of ;

(Cricket slang) in the c, far from the wickets newspapers, as Liverpool C. running mes- ;

appeal 1 to the c. (body of electors) c. cousin, senger. [(1) corour f. OF coreor f. LL curri-
; ME
relation of countrified manners or appearance torem (currere curs- run, see -or 2 (2) 16th-c ) ;
c.-house, -seat, residence of c. gentleman; c. F, f. It. corriere (corre run f. L currere)]
note, bank-note issued by local bank c. party, coupse ' (kors, koors), n. Onward movement
;

political party supporting agricultural against pursuit of game esp. hares with (grey)hounds ;
manufacturing interests c.-side, particular direetion-taken, as hold, take, change, one's c.
;

rural district, its inhabitants, [f. OF cuivtrie ship's c, a dangerous c. (liiie_of_conduct), c. of

1. LL contrata land lying opposite (contra)] events, c. of nature (ordinary^roc^aure) (pi.) ;
eou'ntpy dance, n. Any rural or native evil cc. (behaviour); ground on which race is run
English dance, esp. those in which couples (also race-c.) channel in which water flows, ;

stand face to face in two long lines, [country watercourse c. o/exchange career series (of ; ; ;

+ dance perverted to contre-dance &c]

; lectures &c); each of successive divisions of
eou'ntpyman, n. (fern, cowntryivoman). meal continuous layer of stone &c. in building ;

For compounds of co- not given consult co-.

 ;;; ;

COURSE iyi COVEY

(Naut.)/ore, main, -c, fore, main, by c. of, -sail ; once (twice &c) removed,
first (second Sec.) my
according to ordinary procedure of (law &c.) c.'s child (grandchild &c), also, my parent's
in due c, in the natural order; o/c, naturally ; (grandparent's &c first (second &c c callcc,) ) ;

matter of c, natural thing. [(1) f. P cours f. L claim kinship (with) title used by sovereign in ;

cursus -us (as prec.) (2) f. F course fem. noun ;

addressing another sovereign or a nobleman of
f. L p.p., cf. -ade] same country. Hence cou'sinHooD, cou'sin-
course 2, v.t. & i. Pursue (game, as prec.) ship, nn., eou'sinLY * a. [F, f. L con (sobrinus,
run about, run, (esp. of liquids) give (horse) a ;
-na, f. soror sister) c by mother's side]
run: use (hounds) in coursing, [f. prec] cove *, n. Small bay or creek sheltered re- ;

coup'sep, n. (poet.). Swift horse, [f. OF cor- cess ;(Arch.) concave arch, esp. of ceiling.
sier f. L cu?-sarius {cursus COURSE, see -ary 2 ) [com.-Teut. OE cofa] ;

orig. - warhorse, charger] cove 2, v.t. Arch (esp. ceiling at junction with
court ! (kort), n. (Also courtyard) space en- wall); slope (fireplace sides) inwards, [prec]
closed by walls or buildings (Camb. Univ.) ;
cove 3 , n. (slang). Fellow, chap, [thieves'
college quadrangle subdivision of an Exhibi-
; cant, etym. dub.]
tion building, museum, &c, open to the general co'venant (ku-), n., & v.t. & i. Compact, bar^
roof; confined yard opening off street; enclosed gain; (Law) contract under seal, clause of this ;
quadrangular area, open or covered, for games, (bibl.) compact between God and the Israelites,
as tennis, Jives, -c. plot of ground marked out
;
as ark of the c, land of the c. (Canaan) Solemn ;

for lawn-tennis sovereign's residence his es-

; ; League and C. (establishing Presbyterianism
tablishment and retinue the body of courtiers ; in England and Scotland, 1613) (v.t & i.) agree ;

sovereign and his councillors as ruling power, (with person for thing, to do, that), [(vb f. n.)
as C. of St James's (British sovereign's c.) as- ; OF, part, of convenir, see convene]
sembly held by sovereign, state reception; High covenanted, a. Bound by a covenant, esp.
C. (assembly) of Parliament assembly of ; of Indian Civil servants (the c. service), [-ed 2
]
judges or other persons acting as tribunal, as co'venantep, One who covenants, esp.
n.
c. of law, law-c, c. of justice, c. of judicature, (Sc Hist.) adherent of the National Covenant
county, criminal, police, c, C. of admiralty, (1638) or Solemn League & covenant, [-er l ]
common 1 pleas, equity, &c. place, hall, in ; Co'ventpy (also ku-), n. Town in Warwick-
which justice is administered out of c, (of ; shire send person to C, refuse to associate
;

plaintiff, and fig. of arguments) not entitled to with him.

be heard (meeting of) qualified members of
;
co*vep l Overspread, overlay, (with
(ku-), v.t.
company or corporation (in some friendly ;
cloth, lid, &c,
also fig. xcith disgrace &c);
societies) = lodge l attention paid to one ; strew thoroughly (with) ; lie over, be a covering
whose favour, affection, interest, is sought, as to ; extend over, occupy the surface of ; pro-
pay c. to ; c.-card (orig. coat-card), king, queen, tect ; covering letter, explanatory one with en-
knave; c.-guide, directory containing (theoreti- closure (of fortress, guns, &c) command (terri-
;

cally) names of those who have been presented tory) conceal (feelings &c.) c. with gun, pre-
; ;

at c. c.-martial, judicial c. of military or naval

; sent gun at ; (Mil. Cricket) stand behind (front-
,

officers, (v.t.) try by this drumhead c.-martial ; rank man, another player to stop balls he
(held round upturned drum in time of war) ; c- misses; c.-point, fielder behind point, his place);
plaster, sticking-plaster for cuts &c. (formerly include, comprise suffice to defray (expenses)
;

used by ladies at c. for face-patches), [f. OF protect by insurance; (of stallion) copulate
cort f. L c(oh)ortem (nom. -ors), yard, cohort ;
with; c. in, complete the covering of, fill in'
the senses of assembly, judicial court, by confus. (grave &c.) with earth c. up, conceal, esp. by ;

in F with L curia] wrapping up. Hence eo'vepiNGMS) n. [f. OF

court 2, v.t. Pay court to make love to (also ; cuvvir f. L co(operire opert-)]
abs.); entice (person, into, to, from. Sec); seek to co'vep 2 , n. Thing that covers ; lid ; binding
win (applause &c); invite (inquiry &c). [prec] of book either board of this, as from c. to c. ;
;

courteous (kortyws, ker-). Polite, kind,
considerate, in manner or address. Hence
eoup'teousLY 2 adv., eoup'teousNESS n.
If. OF corteis = It. cortese (corte court *, see
-ese), assim. to wds in -ous]
wrapper, envelope, of letter, as address person
under c. to another; hiding-place, shelter;
screen, pretence, as under (the) c. of humility ;
woods or undergrowth sheltering game, co-
vert 2 (Commerc) funds to meet liability or ;

eouptesa'n (-z-), -za*n, (kor-), n. Prostitute. secure against contingent loss plate, napkin, ;

[f. F courtisane f. It. cortigiana, fem. adj. as n. &c, laid for each person at table, [f. prec]
(as prec. + -ano -an)] co'verlet, -lid, n. Counterpane, quilt co- ;

eoup'tesy, n. Courteous behaviour or dis- vering, [earlier coverlite perh. f. OF *covre-lit

position by c, by favour, not of right c. title, (as cover l + lit bed)]
; ;

one held by c, having no legal validity (Law) co'vert 1 (ku-), a. (Of threat, glance, &c> ;

c. of England, Scotland, husband's tenure after secret, disguised. Hence co'veptLY 2 adv.
wife's death of certain kinds of property in- [OF (as cover 1 )]
herited by her =curtsy. [f. OF cortesie- It.
; co'vept (ku*veK,-er), n. Shelter, esp. thicket
2
cortesia (cortese courteous)] hiding game; c.-coat, short light overcoat, [f.
coup'tiep (kor-), n. Attendant at, frequenter F convert p.p. as n. (cover 2 )J
of, sovereign's court, [prob. f. OF cortoyeur f. covePtupe(ku"vertsher), n. Covering, cover;
cortoyer vb (corte court )] shelter condition of married woman under
1
;

coup'tly (kor-), a. Polished, refined, in man- husband's protection. [OF (as cover 1 see-URE)] ,

ners obsequious, flattering. Hence eoup'tli-

; eo'vet (ku-), v.t. Desire eagerly (usu. what
ness n. I-ly ] 1
belongs to another). Hence co'vetABLE a.
coup*tship, n. Courting, wooing, with view [f. OF euveitier f. L *cupiditare (as cupidity)]
to marriage, [-ship] co'vetous, a. Eagerly desirous (of another's
couseous(sou) (koo'skoosoo), n. African property &c) ; grasping, avaricious. Hence
dish of granulated flour steamed over broth. eo'vetousLY 2 adv., co'vetousNESs n. [L
[F, f. Arab, kuskus (kaskasa bruise)] OF coveitns prec, see -ous)] (as
cousin (ku/zn), n. (Also first c, c. german) eo'vey (ku-), n. Brood of partridges family. ;

child of one's uncle or aunt my second c, my ; party, set. [f. OF covee f. cower hatch f. X»
parent's first c.'s child ; my first (second &c.) c. cubare, see -ade]
 ; ;;

COVIN 192 CRADLE

co*vin (ku-), n. Conspiracy, collusion. [OF, cozen (ku'zn), v.t. Cheat, defraud, [of, out
f.LL convenium convena one who comes f. to- of) ; beguile (into doing). Hence co'zen-
gether with others (as convene)] age(3) n. [?]
ed'ving 1

, n. Arched piece of building; (pi.) co'zy. a. See cosy.

curved sides of [cove 2 + -ing l ]
fire-place, cpab', Kinds of ten-footed crustacean,
n.
cow 3 n. (pi. cows, archaic kine). Female of
l esp. edible species found near most sea-coasts ;

any bovine animal, esp. of the domestic species; zodiacal constellation, cancer; machine (orig.
female of elephant, rhinoceros, whale, seal, &c.; with claws) for hoisting heavy weights; (pi.)
c.-bane, water hemlock c.-boy, boy in charge of ; lowest throw at hazard, two aces, whence
cc, (U.S.) man in charge of grazing cattle on turn out cc, end in failure catch a c. in row- ;

ranch c.-catcher (U.S.), apparatus fixed in front

; ing, get oar jammed under water by faulty
of locomotive engine to remove cattle & other stroke c.'s eyes, round concretion of carbonate
;

obstructions; c.-Jish, (1) sea-cow, (2) Indian & of lime, found in stomach of crayfish c.-louse, ;

American fish with horn-like spines over eyes parasitical insect infecting human body c.-pot, ;

c.-grass, wild species of Trefoil c.-heel, foot of
cow or ox stewed to jelly; cowherd, one who
tends cc. at pasture; c.-hide, (leather, whip,
made of) c.'s hide coivitch, = cowage c.-tree,
; ;
S.-American tree with milk-like juice. Hence
cowiSH'a. [com.-Teut. OE cm f. OTeut. kouz
f. Aryan gwous (Skr. gaus, Gk boits, L bos)]
cow 2, v.t. Intimidate, [perh. f. ON kuga\
; wicker trap for cc. Hence epa*bLETii.,epa*b-
like a. adv. [OE crabba = ON krabbi, Du.
&
krabbe, cogn. w. LG krabben scratch, claw]
cpab 2 , v.t. & i. (Of hawks) scratch, claw,
fight with, (each other or abs.); (colloq.) cry
; down, pull to pieces, [prob. - LG as prec]
crab 3 , n. (Also c.-apple) wild apple (fruit &
tree) sour person. [?]
;

cowage, cowh-, (-ij), n. Tropical plant cra'bbed, a. Cross-grained, perverse churl- ;

with stinging hairs onpod. Hind, kawanch] [f. ish, irritable (of writings or authors) ruggedly
;

coward, n. & a. Faint-hearted, pusillani- intricate, difficult to make out (of handwrit- ;

mous, (person). Hence eowapdliNESS n., ing) ill-formed & hard to decipher sour, harsh. ;

eowardLV a., eowapdLY 2 adv. [f. OF 1 Hence cpa'bbedLY 2 adv., cpa'bbedNESS n.

coart = It. codardo {coda tail f. L cauda, -ard)] [crab ! + -ED 2 influenced in sense by crab 3 ] ,

cowardice, n. Faint-heartedness; morale, crack \ n. & a. Sudden sharp noise (of whip,
fear of disapprobation, [f. OF couardise (as rifle, thunder) c. of doom, thunder-peal of Day
;

prec, see -ice)] of Judgment sharp blow, as a c. on the head

; ;

cower, v.i. Stand, squat, in bent position ;

in a c. in a moment (archaic, slang) boast, lie
, ; ;

crouch, esp. from fear. [etym. dub.; cf. Icel. (Sc. &
North.) brisk talk, (pi.) news; fissure
kiira sleep, Da. kure squat also G kauern] ; formed by breakage partial fracture (the parts ;

cowl 1Monk's hooded garment hood of

, n. ; still cohering) good player, horse, &c; burglar;
;

this ; hood-shaped covering of chimney or ven- house-breaking; (adj., colloq.) first-rate; c-

tilating shaft. Hence cowIed 2 a. [(1) OE brained, crazy, [f. foil. not in OE] ;

cugele f. LL cucidla f. lucucullus hood of cloak epaek 2 , v. t. & i. (Cause to) make sharp noise,
(2)OE cufle cogn. w. Du. keuvel, conn. w. IceL as c. a whip, ichips c. c. (utter) a joke; chat;
;

kojl cowl] c. up, praise break (nut, skull, &c.) with sud-
;

cowl 2 coul, n. Tub for water, esp. one with

, den sharp report c. a bottle, empty, drink it ;

two ears, carried by two men on c.-staff, [prob. (slang) c. a crib, break into a house,' break (t. &
f. OF cuvelle L cupella dim. of cupa]
f. i.) without complete separation of parts voice ;

cow-pox, n. Disease on teats of cows, com- cracks, is cracked, (becomes dissonant, esp. at
municated to human beings by vaccination. age of puberty); damage, ruin, (credit &c. ) (p.p., ;

eowp'ie, -y, n. Shell of small gastropod found colloq.) crazy, insane. Hence epac'kABLE a.
in Indian Ocean, used as money in Africa & [com.-Teut.; OE cracian,Du. kraken, Gkrachen]
S. Asia the animal kinds of gastropod includ-
; ; cpa'cker, n. In vbl senses ; also or esp. fire- :

ing common c. of British coast, [f. Hind, kauri] work exploding with sharp report explosive ;

cowslip, n. Wild Dlant growing in pastures, bon-bon ; instrument for cracking, as nut-cc. ;

with fragrant yellow lowers c. tea, ttfme,(made ; thin hard biscuit ; smash, breakdown; (school
from these). [OE cu-slyppe prob. = cow-dung slang) lie. [-er 1
]
(cu- cow- + slyppe slimy substance)] epa'ekle, v.i., & n. Emit slight cracking
co'xa, n. flip. Hence co'xal a. [L] sound; (n.) sucb sound, (also c.-china, -glass,
co'xcomb (-6m), n. Conceited showy person. -ware) china, glass, with appearance of minute
Hence eoxeo'mbiCAL (-mi-) a. [ - cock's comb; cracks, [(n. f. vb) crack 2 + -le(3)]
orig. (cap worn
by) professional fool] cpa'ckling In vbl senses also, crisp
1

, n. ;

eo'xeombpy (-komri), n. Foppery, behavi- skin of roast pork. [prec. + -ing l ]

our of a coxcomb, [-ry]
coxswain (ko^kswan, ko ksn), n. (abbr. cox).
Helmsman of boat person on board ship per-
manently in charge of, (unless superior officer
cpa'eknel, n. Light crisp kind of biscuit,
#
[prob. f. F craquelin]
; cpa'cksman, n. Burglar, [cracksman]
& cra'eky, a. Full of cracks apt to crack ;

is present) commanding, boat crew. Hence & (colloq.) crazy. [-Y 2 ]

co'xswainLESS a., eo'xswainsmp n. [ear- -epaey, noun suf. added to Gk stems (and as
lier cockswain (cock - cockboat + swain),
meaning rule of. ruling body cf. -ocracy to E wds), '

boatswain] of, class influential by thus democracy = '

;

coxy. See cocky. popular government, the d. = the lower classes

coy, a. Modest, shy, (usu. of girl) (of place) as political power plutocracy = government
; ;
secluded c. of, backward, reserved, in (speech by the rich, the p., those whose wealth gives
;

&c). Hence coy *ly 2 adv., coy'NESS n. [f. F them power so cottonocracy &c. [f. F -cratif ;

coi (fem. coite) f. L as quiet] f. Gk -kratia (k7*atos power)]

coyote (koyoti, -yd"t), n. N.-American prai- cpa'dle, n., & v.t. Bed, cot, for infant, mount-
rie-wolf. [Mex. Sp., f. Mex. coyotl] ed on rockers from the c, from infancy (fig.) ; ;

coz (kuz), n. (archaic). Abbr. of cousin. place in which thing is nurtured in earliest
coze, v.i., n. &
(Have a) chat, [(vb) prob. f. stage, as c. of an art, of a nation framework ;

F causer n. perh. influenced by cosy]

: resembling c, esp. (Naut.) that on which ship
For compounds of co- not given consult co-.
 ; ;

CRADLING 193 CRAVE

rests during construction or repairs ; frame at- crane 2 , v.t. & i. Move with crane ; stretch
tached to scythe to lay corn evenly; (Engraving) (neck), stretch neck, like crane ; c. at, pull up
kind of serrated chisel, rocking-tool (Mining) ; at, shrink from, (hedge, difficulty), prec] [f.
trough on rockers in which auriferous earth is cranio- in comb. = foil., as cram'oLOGiCAL,
shaken in water cat's-c; (v.t.) place in (child's,
; -LOGIST, -LOGY, -METRY.
ship's) c, contain or shelter as c, niow (corn) era'nium, n. (pi. -ia). Bones enclosing the
with c. -scythe. [?] * brain bones of the whole head, skull. Hence
;

era'dling-, n. In vbl senses also (Arch.) ; cra'niAL a. [med. L, f. Gk kranion skull]

wood or iron framework, [prec. + -ing J ] crank. 1 , n., & v.t. Part of axis bent at right
craft, n. Skill cunning, deceit art, trade, ; ; angles for converting reciprocal into circular
(esp. in combb., as handle, priestc, statec); motion, or vice versa elbow-shaped connexion ;

the gentle c, angling; members of a c; the c, in bell-hanging revolving disk turned by cri-;

brotherhood of Freemasons boat, vessel, (pi. ; minals as punishment (v.t.) bend into c. shape, ;

craft); c.-brother, -guild, workman, guild of furnish or fasten with c [(vb f. n.) OE crane
workmen, of same trade ; craftsman, one who prob. f. crincan (past crane) rare by-form of
practices a c, whence era*ftsmansHiP(3) n. cringan contract, curl up]
[com.-Teut.; OE crseft, G kraft strength] crank 2 n. Fanciful tarn of speech eccentric
, ;

era'fty, a. Cunning, artful, wily. Hence idea or act eccentric person, [different, f. prec]
;

era'ftiLY 2 adv., era'ItiNESS n. [com.-Teut. erank 3 ,a. Weak, shaky,(usu. of machinery),

OE crxftig (craft, see -Y 2 )] [f. crank J
]
crag n. Steep or rugged rock cragsman,
!, ; crank 4 , a. (naut.). Liable to capsize. [?]
skilled climber of cc. Hence era'g'g'ED *-,
era'nkle, out, twist
v.i.., & n. Bend in and
cra's-g v 2 aa. era'g-gedNESs, era'g'glNESS,
1

, , (n.) bend, twist, -le] [(n. f. vb) crank vb + 1

nn. [prob. Celt.; cf. Ir. creag] era'nky, a. Sickly ; shaky, crazy caprici- ;

erag 2, n. (geol.). Deposits of shelly sand ous crotchety, eccentric full of twists (Naut.)
; ; ;

found in Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, [perh. = prec. ] = crank 4 Hence era'nkiLY 2 adv., era'nki-
.

crake, n., & v.i. Kinds of bird including NESS n. [CRANK J 2 3 4 + -Y 2 ] > > >

corn-c. cry of the corn-c.; (v.i.) utter this,

; cra'nnog , n. Ancient lake-dwelling in Scot-
1

timit., cf. croak] land or Ireland. [Ir. (crann tree, beam)]

cram, v.t. & i., n. Fill overfull ; force & era'nny, n. Chink, crevice, crack. Hence
(thing into, down ); stuff (poultry &c. with food); era*nniED 2 a. [prob. f. F cran, etym. dub.]
eat greedily; (fig.) prepare (t. & i.) for examina- crape, n., &
Gauze-like fabric withv.t.
tion learn, get up, (subject) for special purpose;
; wrinkled black silk or imitation
siirface, usu. of
c.-full, as full as cramming can make it; (n.) silk (of other colour or material now usu. crepe),
crowd, cramming for examination, (slang) lie. used for mourning dress band of this round hat ;

[(n. f. vb) OE crammian f. crimman insert, cf. &c as sign of mourning c.-cloth, c.-like woollen ;

OHG krimman, pinch] material; (v.t.) cover, clothe, drape, with c.

era'm foo, n. Game in which one player gives Hence cra'pY 2 a. [f. crepe]
word to which each of the others must find craped, a. In vbl senses ; also, crisped, crimp-
rhyme dumb-c, game in which one side must
; ed, [crape + -ed 2> l
]
guess word agreed upon by other side, who re- era'pulent, a. Given to, suffering from
present rhymes to it in dumb show. [prob. f. L effects of, resulting from, intemperance. Hence
crambe repetita cabbage served up again] or cogn. cra'pulENCE n., era*pulous a. [f.
era'mmep, n. In vbl senses, esp.: one who L crapulentus (crapida debauch f. Gk kraip-
crams (esp. pupils); lie. [-er 1 ] ale drunken headache, see -lent)]
epa'moisy, -mesy, a. & n. (archaic). Crim- crash 1
, v.i. & t.,&n. Makeac(seen.); move,
son (cloth), [f. It. cremesi, chermesi, f. Arab. go, with a c (trans. ) dash in pieces, throw, force,
;

qirmazi of the kermes] drive, with a c ; go, fall, c. (with a c. ) (n. ) noise ;

cramp \ n. Contraction of muscles from as of broken crockery, thunder, loud music, &c,
sudden chill, strain, &c; c.-fish, electric ray, violent percussion or breakage, (fig.) ruin, col-
torpedo, [f. OF cra?npe f. same root as cram] lapse of mercantile credit, [imit.]
cramp 2 (Also c.-iron) metal bar with
, n. crash 2 , n. Coarse linen for towels &c. [?]
bent ends for holding masonry &c. together; cra'sis, n. (Gk gram.). Combination of the
portable tool for pressing two planks &c. to- vowels of two syllables (as kago for kai ego).
gether restraint, [as prec, but thr. Du.]
; [Gk, = mixture (kerannumi mix)]
cramp 3 , a. Hard to make out, as c. word, crass, a. Thick, gross (fig.) gross, as c. stu- ;

handwriting contracted, cramped. ; Hence pidity grossly stupid.

;
Hence era'ssLY 2
cra'mpNESS n. [f. cramp or OF crampe a.] 1 adv., era'ssNESS n. [f. L crassiis solid, thick]
cramp 4, v.t. Affect with cramp 1 confine ; cra'ssitude, n. Grossness gross stupidity, ;

narrowly(alsoc. up) (fig.) restrict (energies &c); ;

fasten with cramp 2 Hence cpa'mpedNESS n.
epa'mpon, n. Metal hook, grappling-iron
iron plate with spikes for walking on ice &c.
[F, f. LL cramponem, nom. -o. f. root of cram 1
eran, n. (Sc). Measure for fresh herrings
(37£gal.). [?]
epa'nagfe, n. Use of crane dues paid for
this, [crane 1 + -age]
cra'nberpy, n. Small dark-red acid berry,
fruit of dwarf shrub native of Britain, N. Eu-
rope, N. America, &c. [recent in E, thr. N.
[f. L crassitudo (as prec, see -tude)]
. -erat, noun suf. = supporter, member, of a
;
-cracy, used &
appended similarly (-crat, &
-ocrat). Hence -cra'tic(AL) adj. suff. [f. ¥ -crate
!
formed f. adjj. in -cratique (on anal, of Gk auto-
krates or independently) f. Gk -kratia -cracy]
cratch, n. Rack for feeding beasts out of
; doors, [f. OF creche cf. chrippa crib] ; OHG
crate, n. Large open-work case or basket for
carrying glass, crockery, fruit, &c Hence
cra'teFUL n. [prob. f. L cratis hurdle]
cra'ter, n. Mouth of volcano bowl-shaped ;

Amer. colonists f. LG kronbere) cavity. Hence cra'teriFORM a. [L, f. Gkkra-

crane , n. Large wading bird with long legs,
l
ter mixing-bowl for wine {kerannumi mix)]
neck, and bill; machine for moving heavy erava't, n. Neckcloth, tie, (now archaic or
weights siphon (also water-c.) tube for supply- shop). Hence erava'ttED 2 a. [f. F cravate t
; ;

ing water to locomotive c.-fly, daddy-long- G Krabate Croatian]

;

legs c.'s-bill, various species of geranium. [OE

; crave, v.t. & i. Beg for long for beg, long, ; ;

cran, cf. Du. kraan, G kranich] for. [OE crajiaii]

7
 ;;
, ;
;;;

CRAVEN 194 CREEP

era*ven, a. & n. Cowardly, abject, (person) maker's, actor's) intelligence, esp. of the imagin-
cry c, surrender. Hence cpa'venLV 2 adv. [?] ation, [f. F creation f. L creationem (as prec,

craw, Crop of birds or insects. [ME crawe

n. see-ATioN)]
cogn. w. Du. kraag neck] cpea'tionism, n. Theory that God creates
crawfish. See crayfish. a soul for every human being at birth theory ;

crawl 1 , n. Pen in shallow water for fish,
turtles, &c. =kraal. [f. Du. kraal]
; special creation (not evolution). So cpea*-
crawl 2, v.i., & n. Move slowly, dragging
body along close to ground, or on hands & knees
walk, move, slowly creep abjectly (of ground
&c.) be alive with crawling things ; feel creepy
sensation, whence erawlY- a. (n.) crawling,
[(n. f. vb) prob. f. Norse; cf. Da. kravle craw],
that attributes origin of matter & species to
tioniST n. [-ism]
cpea'top, n. The C, the Supreme Being;
; ;
one who creates, whence crea'tPESS 1 n. [OF,
f. L creatorem (as create, see -or )J
2
; epeatupe (kre'tsher), n. Created thing
animate being animal (often as distinct from
;

Sw. krafla grope] man) ; human being, person, (often expr. ad-
ena wlep, n. moving miration, contempt, patronage, &c.) one who
In vbl senses esp. cab ; , ;

slowly in search of fare. owes his fortune to another mere instrument ;

crayfish, craw*-, n. Small lobster-like the c. (often spelt as Ir., cratur &c.) whisky or
fresh- water crustacean spiny lobster. [ME & other intoxicant a comforts, [f. F creature
; ;

OF crevice f. OHG crebig f. same st. as crab 1 f. L creatura (as prec, see -ure)] ]

crayon (or as F), n., & v.t. Stick, pencil, of cpea'tupely, a. Of creatures, [-ly *]
coloured chalk or other material for drawing creche (krash), n. Public nursery for infants. ;

carbon point in electric arc lamp; (v.t.) draw [F (as CRATCH)]

with cc, (fig.) sketch, [(n.) F (craie f. L creta cpe'dence, n. Belief give c. to, believe ; ;

chalk, see -oox) (vb) f. F crayonner] ;

letter of c. (introduction) small side table for ;

craze, v.t.,& n. Render insane (usu. in p.p.) eucharistic elements before consecration, [f.
produce small cracks on (pottery) (intr.) have ; med. L credentia {credere believe, see -ence)]
such cracks (n. insane fancy, mania, crazy
;
i credential, n. (usu. pi.). Letter(s) of intro-
condition, [(n. f. vb) orig. = break, shatter, duction (also fig.), [as credence + -al]
perh. (direct or thr. OF acraser = ecraser) f. cpe'dible, (Of persons or statements) be-
a.
Sw. krasa] lievable, worthy of belief. Hence or cogn.
era'zing In vbl senses ; c.-mill (for crush-
1

, n. cpediBi'LiTY n., epe'dibLY 2 adv. [f. L credi-

ing tin
ore). [-INO 1 ] bilis (as credence, see -ble)]
CPa'zy, a. (Of ship, building, &c.) unsound, cpe'dit l, n. Belief, trust ; give c. to, believe
shaky ; sickly insane, mad. Hence epa'ziLY 2
; (story) good reputation power derived from
; ;

adv., cpa'zixESS n. [craze + -y 2 ] this ; acknowledgment of merit, ashavethe c. of,

creak, n., v.i. &
Harsh strident noise, as get c. for; source of honour, as a c. to the school, it
of unoiled hinge, new boots, &c. ; (v.i.) make does him c. ; trust in person's ability intention &
this. Hence CPea*kY 2 a. [prob. imit.] to pay, as give c, deal one, longc. ; reputation
cream \ n. Oily part of milk, which gathers of solvency &
honesty sum placed at person's
;

on the top, &

by churning is made into butter disposal in books of a bank &c. ; letter of c.
CL&Tted (also Devonshire) c. fancy dish, sweet, ; (authorizing person to draw money from writer's
like or made of c. ; best part of anything; part correspondent in another place) (Bookkeeping) ;

of a liquid that gathers at the top ; c. of tartar,
purified &
crystallized bitartrate of potassium,
used in medicine &c. ; c. of lime (pure slaked)
c.-like preparation, as cold c. (cooling unguent);
c-coloured horse ; c.-cheese, soft rich kind made
of unskimmed milk cream ; c.-fruit, a c.-
like fruit of Sierra Leone ; c.-coloured, yellow-
ish white c.-laid, -wove, paper, laid, wove,
; amount) (fig.) c. person with, think he has (a
acknowledgment of payment by entry in ac-
count, sum entered on c. side of account (cf.
debit), this side, give person c.for, enter (sum)
to his c, (fig.) ascribe (quality) to him. [f. F
credit f. L credere -it- believe, trust]
& cpe'dit 2 , v.t. Believe; carry to credit side
of account (c. amount to person, person with
;

paper of c. colour; c. separator, machine for quality), [f. prec]

separating c. from milk. Hence cpea'm v a a. epe'ditable, a. That brings credit or hon-
CPea'miNESS n. [f. F creme f. L as chrism] our (to). Hence epe'ditabLY 2 adv. [-able]
cream 2, v.i. &
(Of milk & liquids) form t. cpe'ditop, n. One to whom adebt is owing
cream or scum cause (milk) to c. take cream ; ; (Bookkeeping) c. (abbr. Or) side of account,
from (milk) take the best part of (anything)
; right-hand side. [f. OF crediteur f. L credi-
add. cream to (tea &c). [f. prec] torem (as credit 1 see -or 2 )] ,

cpea'mep, n. Flat dish for skimming cream cpe'do, n. Creed (esp. Apostles' & Nicene,
off milk machine for separating cream, [-er 2
; ] beginning in Latin with c.) musical setting of ;

crea'mepy, n. Butter-factory shop where : Xicene Creed. [L, = I believe]

milk, cream, &c, are sold. [f. F cremerie (as cpe'dulous, a. Too ready to believe (of ;

cream !, see -ery)] things) showing such readiness. Hence or cogn.

crease, & v.t. & L Line caused by fold-
n., epedu'liTY, cpe'dulousNESS, nn., cpe'du-
ing, fold, wrinkle (Cricket) line defining posi- ; Iously 2 adv. [f. L credulus {credere believe)]
tion of bowler & batsman, as bonding (from c. creed, n. Brief formal summary of Christian
behind which bowler delivers ball) ; (v.t.) make doctrine, esp. Apostles' (also the C), Nicene,
cc. in (material); (v.i.) fall into cc. Hence Athanasian, C. ; system of religious belief;
epea*sY 2 a. [?] set of opinions on any subject. Hence cpee'd-
cpea'te, v.t. Bring into existence, give rise less a. [OE creda, f. L credo]
to; originate, as (of actor) c. a part; invest epeek, n. Inlet on sea-coast small harbour ;

Serson) with rank, asc. avian a peer, c. a peer. short arm of river; (U.S. Colon.) tributary &
ence cpea'tivE a., erea'tiveLY 2 adv., river ; narrow plain between mountains, [etym.
CPea'tiveNESS n. [f. L creare, see -ate 3 |
dub., prob. G ; ME
crike (cf. F crique), later
CPe'atine, n. An organic base found in the creke (cf. Du. kreke), crick (cf. Sw. krik)\
juice of flesh, [f. Gk kreas -atos meat + -ine 5 ] cpeel, n. Large wicker basket for fish
c rea'tion, n. Act of creating (esp. the world ) angler's fishing-basket, [orig. Sc, etym. dub.]
investing with title, rank, &c. all created ; creep, v.i. (crept), & n. Move with body
things a production of the human (esp. dress-
; prone & close to ground move timidly, slowly,
;
 ; ;
;

CREEPER 195 CRIMINAL

or stealthily insinuate oneself into, come in,
; crest, n., & v.t. & i. Comb or tuft on animal's
up, unobserved proceed, exist, abjectly (of
; ; head; c. -fallen, with drooping c, dejected,
plants) grow along ground, wall, &c. flesh ; abashed; plume, tuft, of feathers; (apex of)
creeps, feels as if things were creeping over it helmet head, top, esp. of mountain surface
; ;

(result of fear, repugnance, &c.) (Naut.) drag ; line of neck in animals; mane; (Anat.) ridge
with creeper at bottom of water ;c.-?nouse (adj.), along surface of bone, as frental, occipital, c. of
timid, shy. (X.) creeping; shrinking horror, as skull (Herald.) device above shield & helmet
;

(colloq. pi.) pave me the cc.; low arch under rail- on coat of arms, or separately, as on seal, note-
way embankment opening in hedge &c. l(n.
; paper, &c (v.t.) furnish with c, serve as c to,
;

f. vb)com.-Teut. : OE creopan,
cree'per, n. In vbl senses, esp. plant that
creeps along ground or up wall grapnel for
dragging bottom of water, [-er *]
epee'py, a. Having a creeping of the flesh
productive of this given to creeping. So
;
epee'py-cpawly a.
creese, crease, kpis (-es, -is), n. Malay dag-
ger with wavy blade. [Malay k(i)ris, kres]
cpema'te, v.t. Consume (esp. corpse) by fire.
So epemA'TioN, epema*tioniST(2), nn. [f. L
cremare, see -ate 3
1 Christianus christian in mod. Rom. sense
cpema'tor, n. Person, furnace, cremating
Du. kruipen] reach c of (hill, wave); (v.i., of waves) form
: into a c. [(vb f. n.) f. OF creste f. L crista tuft]
; cpeta'ceous, a. Of (the nature of) chalk, [f.
L cretaceus {creta chalk, see -aceous)]
epetie, n. Metrical foot (-v). [f. L creticus
(Creta Crete, see -ic)]
[-y 2 ] epetify, v.t. Impregnate with salts of lime.
Hence epetiFiCA'TiON n. [f. L creta chalk+ -fy]
cretin, n. Deformed idiot of a kind found
esp. in Alpine valleys. Hence epetiniSM(2) n.,
cpe'tiniZE v.t., cretinous a. [f. F cretin f. L
'
(barely) human creature ']

corpses or rubbish. Hence crematorium, cpeto'nne (also kre't-), n. Stout unglazed

CPe*matORY(2), nn. [L (as prec, see -or 2 )] cotton cloth with pattern printed on one or
creme (-am), n. C. de menthe, peppermint both sides. [F]
liqueur; c. de la c., the very pick, elite. [F] ereva'sse, n. Deep fissure in ice of glacier.
epemo'na, n. Violin made at C. cromorne. ; [F,readopted as different, f. foil.]
epenate(d), a. (bot., zool.). With notched cpe'viee, n. Chink, fissure. [ME & OF cre-
or toothed edge. Hence CPenA'TiON n. If. It. vace f. LL crepatia (crepare creak, crack)]
crena notch, etym. dub., see -ate 2 ] crew \ n. Whole body of men manning ship
cpe'nature (-e- or -e-), n. Rounded tooth on or boat associated body, company, of persons
;

edge of leaf &c. [as prec, see -ure] set, gang, mob. [f. OF creue increase fern. p.p.
epe'nel, epene'Ile (-61), n. Open space in em- (as n.) of croistre grow f. L crescere]
battled parapet, for shooting through &c. [OF crew 2. See crow 3 .

{-el), dim. of cren = It. crena (see crenate)] crewel, n. Thin worsted yarn for tapestry
epe*nel(l)ate, v.t. Furnish with battlements & embroidery c.-ivork, design in worsted on ;

or loopholes. Hence CPenellA'TiON n. [on F linen or cloth ground. [?]

creneler (as prec), see -ate 2 ] crib ! , n. Barred receptacle for fodder hovel, ;

ere'ole, n. & a. (Descendant of) European hut small bed for child, with barred sides ;

<also c. white) or negro (c. negro) settler in W. wicker saluaon-trap framework lining shaft of ;

Indies, Mauritius, &c (adj.) of such descent, mine

; (U.S.) bin for maize, salt, &c. set of ; ;

(of animals &c.) naturalized in W. Indies &c. cards given to dealer at cribbage, taken from
If. F Creole f. Sp. criollo perh. f. *criadillo dim. other players' hands; (colloq.) plagiarism;
of criado bred, domestic, p.p. oleriar create] translation for (esp. illegitimate) use of stu-
ere'osote, n. Colourless oily fluid distilled dents crack 2 a c; c.-biting (of horses), habit ;

from wood-tar, a strong antiseptic (Commerc) of seizing manger in teeth & at same time noisily
;

carbolic acid. [f. Gk kreas meat + sozo save] drawing in breath. [com.-WG Du. krib] ;

crepe (-a-), n. Crapy fabric other than black crib 2 , v.t. Confine in small space furnish ;

mourning crape c. de Chine (made of raw silk). (cowshed &c) with cribs pilfer copy unfairly
; ; ;

[F, f. L crispa curled, fern, adj.] or without acknowledgment, [f. prec]

epe'pitate, v.i. Make crackling sound (of eri'bbag'e, n. Card game for two, three, or;

beetles) eject pungent fluid with sharp report. four persons, [f. crib * + -age]
Hence epe'pitANT a., epepitA'TioN n. [f. L eri'briform, a. (anat., bot.). Having small
crepitare frequent, of crepare creak, see -ate 3 ] holes, like a sieve, [f. L cribrum sieve + -form]
crepon (kre'pon, or asF), n. Stuff like crape, crick, n., & v.t. Spasmodic affection of mus-
but of firmer substance. [F (as crepe, see -oon) j cles of neck, back, &c, sudden stiffness; (v.t.)
crept. See creep. produce c in (neck &c). [prob. imit.]
epepu'seulap, a. Of twilight; (Zool.) ap- cri'eket 1 , n. (Also house-c.) a jumping
pearing, active, in twilight dim not yet fully chirping insect, [f OF criquet conn. w. criauer
; ; .

enlightened, [f. L crepuscidum twilight + -ar 1 ] creak imit.] ;

crescendo (kresh-), adv., n., & a. (mus.). cri'eket 2, n., & v.i. Open-air game played
(Passage of music to be played) with gradually with ball, bats, & wickets, between two sides of
increasing volume (abbr. ores., cresc); (fig.) 11 players each (v.i.) play c Hence cri'eket- ;

progress towards a climax. [It., part, of cre- er l n. [etym. dub. OF has criquet, a game, ;

scere grow (as foil.)] (also) a stick to aim at]

cpe*scent (-sent), n. & a. Increasing moon erreoid, a. & n. Ring-shaped (cartilage of
figure of moon in first or last quarter this as larynx), [f. Gk krikoeidis (krikos ring, -oid)]
;

badge of Turkish Sultans the Turkish power ; cri'er, n. One who cries officer who makes; ;

the Mohammedan religion any figure of c public announcements in court of justice or

;

shape, esp. row of houses (adj.) increasing, c- (town c.) in a town. [ME & OF criere, nom. of
;

shaped. [f. L crescere grow, see -ent] crieur (crier cry, see -or 2 )]
cress, n. Name of various plants usu. with errkey, int. (slang), expr. astonishment,
pungent edible leaves, as Garden C, water x - [perh. substituted for L Christ e O Christ]
c. [OE cresse, f. root of OHG ehresan creep] crime, n. Act (usu. grave offence) punishable
•

ere'sset, n. Metal vessel for holding grease by law evil act, sin. Hence eri'meLESS a. [F, ;

or oil for light, usu. mounted on pole; (mod.) f. L crimen -minis judgment, offence (cernere
fire-basket for lighting wharf &c. [OF (also cret- decide)]
era isset), f graisse grease]
. errminal, a. & n. Of (the nature of) crime
 .; ;,;

CRIMINATE 196 CROOK

c. conversation, connexion One who pronounces judgment ; (person) guilty cpi'tic, n.
of crime. Hence or cogn. erimina'liTY n., censurer judge of literary or artistic works ; ;
cpi*minalLY 2 adv. [f. Fcriminel Lltcrimina- one skilled in textual criticism. Hence cpiti-
lis (as prec, see -al)] caster n. [f. L f. Gk kritikos (krites judge f.
errminate, v.t. Charge with crime prove ; krino, see -ic)J
(oneself Sec.) guilty of crime ; censure. Hence cpi'tical, a. Censorious, fault-finding skil- ;

or cogn. epiminATioN n., eri'minatrvE, ful, engaged, in criticism belonging to criti- ;

eri'minatORY, aa. [f. L criminari (crimen cism involving risk or suspense, asc. condition,
;

crime), see -ate 3 ] operation', (Math., Physics) marking transition

eri'mine, -ny, int. expr. astonishment, from one state &c to another, as c. angle, tem-
[perh. = It. crimine crime, or suggested hy perature. Hence cpi'ticalLY 2 adv. [-al]
jiminy for Gemini] epi'tieism, of a critic ; critical
n. Work
cpimino'logy, n. Science of crime, [f. L essay or remark textual c. (dealing with text, ;

crimen -minis crime + -o- + -logy] character, &c, of literary documents, esp. the
CPi'minous, a. Guilty of crime, only in phr. Bible) ; the higher c. (other than verbal), [-ism]
c. clerk (clergyman), [f. OF crimineux f. L cpi'ticize, v.t. Discuss critically (often abs.);
criminosus (as prec, see -ous)] censure. Hence epi'tieizABLE a. [-ize]
crimp 1
, n., & v.t. Agent who entraps men epi'tieo— in comb. — critically, critical & —
for seamen or soldiers (also fig.) (v.t.) entrap ; as -historical, [critic + -o-]
thus, impress, (seamen, soldiers). [?] CPiti'que Critical essay or notice
(-ek), n.
crimp 2, v.t. Compress into plaits or folds, art of criticism.[F (as critic)]
frill; make flutings in, corrugate contract ; croak, n., & v.i. & t. Deep hoarse sound of
(flesh of freshly-caught fish) by gashing mould, ; frog or raven; (v.i.) utter c, forebode evil,
bend, into shape, [f same root as cramp 1 , cf . (slang) die; (v.t.) utter dismally. Hence
Du. krimpen contract (intr.)] epoa*kY 2 a. [prob. imit.]
cri'mson, a. & n., &
v.t. & i. Deep-red croa'ker, n. In vbl senses ; esp., prophet of
(colour) ;
(v.t. &i.) turn c. [(vb f. n.) f. Sp. cre- evil, [-er 1
]
mesin, car-, (carmesi cramoisy, -ine 1 )] ero'ceate (-si-, -shi-), a. Saffron, saffron-col-
cringe (-j), v.i., & n.
Cower; bow servilely oured, [f. L croceus (crocus), see -ate 2 ]
behave obsequiously (to) (n.) fawning obeis- cro'chet (-shi), n., & \.t.(-cheted pron. -shid).
;

ance, cringing. [(n. f. vb) earlier crenge f. Knitting (material or work) done with hooked
cringan, see crank 1
] needle; (v.t.) make (shawl &c or abs.) in c
epPngle, n. (naut.). Eye of rope containing [(vbf. n.) F, dim. of croche, croc, hook]
thimble for another rope to pass through, [cf. cro'eidolite, n. A fibrous silicate of iron &
G kringel dim. of kring ring f. root of crank l ) sodium, blue asbestos yellow mineral produced ;

CPi'iiite, a. (bot.,zool.). Hairy, [f. L crinit us from this, used for ornament, [f. Gk krokis -idos
(crinis hair, cf. -ate 2 (2)] nap of cloth + -lite]
eprnkle, v.t. & L, & n. Twist, wrinkle. crock 1 , n. Earthen pot or jar (dial.) metal ;

Hence CPi'nklY 2 a. [(n. prob. f. vb) frequent, pot; broken piece of earthenware used for
ofOE crincan, see crank & -le(3)] 1 covering hole in flowerpot. [OE croc, crocca,
cri'nkum-cra'nkum, n. & a. (Thing) full cf. Icel. krukka]
& turns (lit. & fig.), [playful crank
of twists f. x
] crock 2 , n., & v.i. (Slang) inefficient person ;

eprnoid, a. & n. (zool.). Lily-shaped (echino- broken-down horse (Sc) old ewe (v.i., slang) ; ;

derm). Hence epinoi'dAL a. [f Gk krinoeides c. up, break down. [prob. cogn. w. crack v. .
;

(krinon lily, see -oid)] cf. Norw. krake sickly beast, MDu. kraecke
cpinole'tte, n. Contrivance for distending broken-down horse or house]
back of woman's skirt, [dim. f. foil.] cro'ekery, n. Earthenware vessels, [f. obs.
cpi'noline (also -en), n. Stiff fabric of horse- crocker potter (crock 1 ), see -ery]
hair &c. formerly used for skirts hooped petti- cro'eket, n. Small ornament (usu. bud or ;

coat netting round warship as defence against curled leaf) on sides of pinnacles &c [f. AF
;

torpedoes. [F (L crinis hair + linum thread)] croket=F crochet]

CPio- in comb. = Gk krios ram, as -sphinx erd'eodile, n. Large amphibious reptile (esp.
(ram-headed), -ceratite, ram's-horn ammonite. the Nile species) c. tears (hypocritical, from ;

eri'pple, n., & v.t. Lame person; staging belief that the crocodile wept while devouring,
for cleaning "windows &c. (v.t.) lame, (fig.) dis- or to allure, its victim) (colloq.) girl's school
; ;

able, impair. Hence epi'ppleDOM, cpi'pple- walking two & two. Hence CPOCodi'liAN a.
hood, nn. [( vb f n. OE crypel f OTeut. krupilo- [f. L_f. Gk krokodeilos]
. ) .

(kriupan creep)] cpo'cus, n. (pi. -uses). Genus of dwarf bulb-

CPi'sis, n. (pi. arises). Turning-point, esp. of ous plants with brilliant (usu. yellow or purple)
disease moment of danger or suspense in poli- flowers c. sativus, species of this yielding saff-
; ;

tics, commerce, &c, as cabinet, financial, c. ron a peroxide of iron used for polishing. [L, ;

[L, f. Gk k7*isis decision (krino decide)] f.Gk krokos crocus, saffron]

crisp, a., &
v.t. &
i. Hard but fragile, brittle ; Croe'sus (kre-), n. Wealthy person. [C,
bracing, as air brisk, decisive, as c. manner,
c. ; king of Lydia]
style. Sec. (of hair &c.) curly (v.t. & i.) curl in
;
; croft (-aw-, -o-), n. Enclosed piece of (usu. ara-
short stiff folds, make or become c. Hence ble) land small holding of crofter, [etyni.
;

epi'spLY 2 adv., cpi'spNESS n. [(vb f. adj.) f. dub., cf. Du. kroft high & dry land]
L crispus curled] epo'ftep, n. One who rents a small holding,
cpi'spate, a. Crisped, (Bot. Zool. with curled , ) esp. joint tenant of Scotch divided farm. [-ER 2 ]
or undulated margin, [f L crispare, -ate 2 ] . CPO'mleeh (-k), n. Prehistoric structure con-
cpispa'tion, n. Curling undulation con- ; ; sisting of large flat stone laid horizontally on
traction (esp. =GoosE-sA:m). [as prec, -ation] upright ones. [W (crom bent, llech flat stone)]
CPi'spy, a. Curly brittle brisk, [-y 2] ; ; epomop'ne, cpemo'na, n. An organ reed-
episs-cposs. See christ-cross-row. stop. [F, f. G krummhom crooked horn]
cri'state, a. (nat. hist.). Having a crest, [f. crone, n. Withered old woman old ewe. ;

L cristatus (as crest, see -ate 2)] OXF caroine, see carrion]
[ult.f.
CPitep'ion, n. (pi. -ia). Principle, standard, cro'ny, n. Intimate friend. [?]
a thing is judged by. [f. Gk kriterion as foil.] crook, n. & a., & v.t. & Shepherd's, bishop's, i.
 ;; ;

CROOKED 197 CROSS-LEGGED

hooked staff; anything hooked; hook; hend, resulting from this mixture, compromise, be- ;

curve act of bending by hook or by c. (slang)

; ; ; tween two things (slang) fraud, swindle on ; ;

on the c, dishonestly c.-back(ed), hunch-back- ;

thee, diagonally. Hence cpo'sslet n., cro'ss-
(ed) (adj. )- crooked (v.t. &i.) bend, curve, wise adv. [ult. f. L crux cruris late OE has ;

[(vb
;

f. n.) ME crok prOb. ON krokr]

;

f. cruc, ME
cruche, crouche, & (thr. OF) crois]
Gi»db*k.ed, a. Not straight, bent, twisted ; &
cposs 2, v.t. i. Place crosswise, asc. swords
deformed; bent with age; (fig.) not straight- (in fighting, also fig.) make sign of cross on or ;

forward, dishonest. Hence cpoo'kedLY 2 adv., over (esp. oneself, as sign of awe, to invoke di-
croq'kedNESS n. [-ed 1 ] vine protection, &c.) c. fortune-teller's hand ;

croon, v.t. & i., & n. (Hum, sing, mutter, in) with, give her (coin) draw line across, as c. ;

low undertone, [chiefly Sc. till 19th c. ; cf. Du. out, off, cancel, c. cheque (with two lines usu.
kreuncn groan] filled up with &
Co. or name of bank through
crop Pouch-like enlargement of gullet
1
, n. whom alone it may be paid) write across (what ;

in birds, where food is prepared for digestion ; is already written, a letter) go across (road, ;

stock, handle, of whip; (also hunting-c.) short river, sea, or abs.); bestride (saddle, horse);
whipstock with loop instead of lash produce ;
carry, move, across meet and pass (each other ;

of cultivated plants, esp. cereals in, under, ; or abs.) two persons' letters c. (each being dis-
;

out of, c. (cultivation) season's total yield (of ; patched before receipt of the other) c. one's ;

cereal &c); entire hide of animal tanned; mind, occur to one c. the path of, meet with, ;

cropping of hair style of wearing hair cut short;

; thwart thwart (person, will, plans) (cause to)
;
;

piece cut off end name of some cuts of meat ; inter-breed cross-fertilize (plants), [f. prec]
;

&
neck c. c.-eared, with ears (also, hair) cut
; cposs 3 , a. Passing from side to side, trans-
short. [OE, = bird's crop, rounded top of plant, verse (c. bench, in Parliament, for members who
cf. LG & Du. krop, OHG chropf, bird's c. other ; are of neither party; so c.-b., adj., impartial, as
senses developed in E] the c.-b. mind) intersecting contrary, opposed,
; ;

crop 2 , v.t. & i. Cut off; (of animals) bite off (to a purpose &c, or abs.) (colloq.) peevish, out ;

(tops of plants) gather, reap cut short (ears, ;
tail, hair, nap of cloth, edges of book) sow,
plant, (land with barley &c.) (intr.)bearacrop
: of humour, as as c. as twosticks, whence cross*-
; LY 2 adv., cpo'ssness n.; c.-patch, ill-natured
; ;
person c. reference (from one part of book to
;

turn up unexpectedly c. out, forth, appear ; another for further information) (Bookkeep- ;

(Geol.) c. up, out, come to surface, [f. prec] ing) c. entry (transferring amount to different
CPO'ppep, n. Person, thing, that crops; account or neutralizing pre vkuis entry) woss- ;

pigeon with large crop, pouter good, heavy, ;

bred, hybrid; (slang) dishonest, dishonestly got.
light, c, plant yielding good &c. crop (slang) ;
[cross !]
heavy fall, as came a c. [crop *> 2 + -er j ] cposs- in comb. 1. f. cross n., objectively,
ero'ppy, n. Person with short cropped hair, as c.-bearer, or attrib. = having a transverse
sympathizer with French
esp. (Hist.) Irish rebel, part, as cross-bow, marked with a c, as c.-bun.
revolution, in 1798. [CROP 1 + -Y 2] 2. f. cross a. = crossing, transverse, as c.-bar,
CPO'quet (-ki), n. Game, played on lawn, in
l -beam, -keys, -piece, -section, cross-bones. 3.
which wooden balls are driven with mallets adv., in vbs as c.-breed, -fertilize, (animals,
through hoops act of croqueting a ball. [perh.
; plants, from individuals of different species),
North. F, dial, form of crochet] cross-examine, cross-question in vbl nouns ;

CPO'quet 2 (croqueting, pron. kro*-

(-ki), v.t. as c.-fire, firing in two crossing directions. 4.
kiing croqueted, pron. kro'kid). (In game of
; prep. = across, as c.-country, adj., across fields,
croquet) drive away (opponent's ball or abs.) by not folloAving roads.
placing the two together & striking one's own cpo'ssbill, n. Bird the mandibles of whose
(cf. roquet), [f. prec] bill cross when bill is closed. [cross-(2)]
croquette (-ket), n. Seasoned & fried ball of CPO'ss-bones, n. pi. Figure of two thigh-
rice, potato, meat, &c. [F (croquer crunch)] bones laid across each other, usu. under skull
CPOPe, n. (Anglo-Ind.). Ten millions, one as emblem of death. [cross-(2)]
hundred lakhs (usu. of rupees), [f. Hind, kror] epo'ss-bow, n. Bow fixed across wooden
CPO'siep, -ziep, (-zhyer), n. Bishop's, abbot's, stock, with groove for the missile (stone, arrow,
pastoral staff; (improp.) archbishop's cross, &c.) and mechanism for holding and releasing
[orig. = bearer of a crook, f. crocier f. med. L OF string. [cross-(D]
crociarius (crocia crook) confused w. F croisier eposs-bu'ttock, n. Throw over the hip, in
f. L *cruciarius cross-bearer (a*ux cross) mod. ; wrestling. [cross-(D]
crosier=c. s staff (16th c.)]
,
CPO'ss-eut, n. Cut, path, &c.,from side to
cposs ! (-aw-, -6-), n. Stake (usu. with trans- side figure in skating. [cross-(2)]
;

verse bar) used by the ancients for crucifixion, cposse, n. Long racquet-like implement used
esp. that on which Christ was crucified model ; in lacrosse. [F, f . OF croce, croc, hook]
of this as religious emblem sign of c. made with ; eposs-exa'mine, v.t. Examine (esp. wit-
right hand as religious act staff surmounted ; ness in legal action) minutely, with a view to
with c. & borne before archbishop or in pro- checking previous examination or eliciting sup-
cessions c.-bearer, person who carries this
; pressed facts. Hence ePOSS-examinAxiox
monument in form of c, esp. (also market-c.) n. [cross-(3)]
one in centre of town Christian religion trial, ; ; ero'ss-gpain, n. Grain running across the
affliction annoyance; c. -shaped thing; (South-
; regular grain. [cross-(2)]
ern) C, a constellation Greek e. (upright with ; cress-grained, a. (Of wood) with grain
limbs of equal length) Latin c. (with long lower ; running irregularly or in crossing directions
limb) St Andrew's c. (like X) Tau c, c. of St
; ; (fig.) perverse, intractable, [-ed 2 ]
Anthony, (like T) Maltese c. (with equal limbs, ; cpo'ss-hatch, v.t. Engrave with intersect-
narrow where they join & widening out towards ing series of parallel lines. [cross-(3)]
outer extremities, which are indented) fiery c, CPO'ssing", n. In vbl senses; also or esp.: ;

Scotch signal (orig. two bloody sticks) sent intersection of two roads, railways, &c, as level
through district to rouse inhabitants decora- c. (of road and railway, or two railways, on same ;

tion in orders of knighthood (Grand C, highest level) place where street is crossed c.-sweep- ; ;

degree of this Victoria C, decoration for per- er, one who sweeps this, [-ing ]
;
j

sonal valour) intermixture of breeds animal

; CPO'ss-legrged, a. (Of person squatting) ;
 ,; ;

CROSS-LIGHT 198 CRUISER

with legs crossed (of person sitting on chair)
; ish coin worth) five shillings ; foreign coin, esp.
with one leg laid across the other. |cross-(3)j = krone ; top part, esp. of skull ; whole head ;
CPO'ss-ligrht, n. Light that crosses another; highest or central part of arch or arched struc-
(fig.) illustration of subject from another point ture, as c. of the causeway ; top of hat ; part of
of view. Icross-(2)J tooth projecting from gum ; size of paper, 15"
cpo'ss-pup'pose, n. Contrary or conflicting x 20" ; c.-glass, made in circular sheets without
purpose (pi.) name of a game be at cc, mis-
;
; lead or iron and used chiefly for windows : c-
understand one another, (also) have conflicting land (belonging to the c.) ; C.-Colony (controlled
plans with same object. [cross-(2)] by the C.) c. law, criminal law ; c. lawyer (in
;

CPO*ss-que*stion, n., & v.t. Question put service of the C.) C. office (transacting common
;

in cross-examination; cc. crooked answers, & law business of Chancery) C. prince, heir-ap- ;

game with questions & answers connected at parent or designate to a sovereign throne (esp.
random; (v.t.) cross-examine. [cross-(2, 3)] in Germany and N. Europe) C. princess, his ;

CPO'SS-Poad, n. Road that crosses another wife ; c.-wheel, contrate wheel, [f. ONF cor-
or joins two main roads (also the cross roads) ; une f. L corona wreath, crown]
intersection of two
roads. |cross-(2)] crown 2 , v.t. Place crown on (person, head)
epo'ss-stiteh, n. Stitch formed of two cross- invest (person) with regal crown or dignity
ing each other ; kind of needlework character- (c. him, c. him king) (fig. reward occupy the ; \ ;

ized by these, [cross-* 2)] head of, form chief ornament to, (lit. & fig.);
cpo*ss-tpees,n.pl. Two horizontal cross-tim- put finishing touch to, as to c. all bring (efforts) ;

bers at head of lower and top masts. [cross-(2)] to happy issue (Draughts) make (piece) a king,
;

CPO'tchet, n. (Mus. black-headed note with ) [f. OF coroner 1. L coronare (as prec.)]
stem, half of minim whimsical fancy, whence ; crowned, a. In vbl senses; (of hat) high,
cpotchetEER*, cPO'tchetiXESS, nn., epo't- low, -c, with high, low, crown, [-ed 1 ' 2]
ehetY 2 a. ; hook. [f. F crochet dim. of croc epownep, n. (obs. or dial.). = coroner.
hook] epoydon, n. Two-wheeled carriage of gig
CPd'ton, n. Genus of plants, from one species class. [C, to_vvn in Surrey]
of which c. oil, a drastic purgative, is obtained, cpu'eial (-ooshl), a. Decisive, critical, (case,
Gk kroion tick, croton]
[f. point, test, &c.) ; (Anat.) cross-shaped, as c. in-
cpoueh (-ow-), v.i., & n. Stoop, bend, esp. cision. [F, f. L crux crucis cross + -al]
timidly or servilely crouching. [?]
; (n.) CPireian, -sian, (-ooshn), n. Yellow fish
epoup(e) 1 (-oo-), hind-quarters,
n. Rump, allied to carp. [f. L.G karusse (etym. dub.), -an]
(esp. of horse]. [F {-pe), of Teut. orig., cf. crop l ] cpu'eiate (-oosh-), a. (zool., *bot.). Cross-
croup 2 (-oo-), n. Inflammatory disease in shaped, [f. med.L cruciatus (as crucial, -ate2 )]
larynx & trachea of children, marked by sharp epireible (-oo-), n. Melting-pot (usu. of
cough, [f. obs._vb croup croak (imit.)] earthenware) (fig.) severe trial, [f. med. L
;

cpou'piep (-oo-), n. Raker in of money at crucibulum, etym. dub.]

gaming table assistant chairman at public din-
; cpuei'fepous, a. Wearing, adorned with, a
ner. (F, orig. = rider on the croupe ] ] cross (Bot. of the order Oruciferae, having
; )

cpow 1
n. Genus of birds, esp. Carrion
(-6),
C, large black bird white c, a rarity have a ;
c. to pluck (fault to find) with him; as the c.
flies, in a
c. line, straight c. {-bar), bar of iron
(usu. with beak-like end) used as lever crow-
ben-y, fruit of a small heath-like shrub c.-bill,
forceps for extracting bullets &c; crowfoot,
name of various plants, esp. species of buttercup,
(Naut.) arrangement of small ropes for suspend-
ing awning, (Mil., also c.'s-foot) caltrop; c.'s-
footed, marked withc.'s-feet; c.-quill, c.'s quill
or steel pen for fine writing c.'s foot, wrinkle
at outer corner of eye c.'s-nest, barrel fixed at ;
mast-head of whaler &c. as shelter for look-out
man. [OE crdwc f. crdican
cpow 2 n. Crowing of cock; joyful crv of
, food &c.) not digested; unripe; (of diseases
flowers with four equal petals arranged cross-
; wise, [f. LL crucifer (as crucial, see -ferous)]
cpu'eifix (-oo-), n. Image of Christ on the
; cross ; (improp.) cross, [f. OF crucefix f. L cruci
; fixtis one fixed to the cross (see fix)]
; cpueifi'xion, n. Crucifying; the C. (of
Christ) picture of this. [f. mod. L crucifixiu
j
(L cruci figere, as prec, see -ion)]
CPU'cifopm, a. Cross-shaped, [f. L crux
crucis cross, see -form]
CPireify, v.t. Put to death by fastening to a
; cross; (fig.) mortify (passions, sins, flesh), [f.
OF crucifier f. LL *criicificare (see -VY)=cruci
figere, see crucifix]
crow 3 ] crude, a. In the natural or raw state (of
;

infant, foil.]
[f. «fec.) not matured (fig.) ill-digested, unpolished,
cpow 3 (-6), v.i. (past crew or crowed, p.p. crow- ;

lacking finish rude, blunt, (action, statement,

ed). Utter loud cry of cock (of child) utter
joyful cry exult loudly c. over, triumph over.
; ;
IOE crdwan, cf. Du. kraaijen, G krdhen imit.]
crowd i, n. Throng, dense multitude the c.
the masses; (colloq.) company, set, lot; large
number (of things); (Naut.) c. of sail, large
number of sails hoisted, [f. foil.]
crowd 2 , v.i. t. &
Collect (t. i. ) in a crowd
fill, occupy, cram, (space &c. with); fill (place
&c.) as a crowd does; force one's way into,
through, &c. (confined space &c. or abs.) ; force
(thing, person) into &c; c. out, exclude by
crowding (Naut., of ship or crew) hasten on
;
c. sail, hoist unusual number of sails.
[OE cru-
dan press, drive, cf. MDu. cruden]
crown i, n.
Wreath of flowers &c. worn on
head, esp. as emblem of victory, (also fig. as
martyr's c, no cross no c.) monarch's head-
covering of gold &c. jewels; (fig.) king or
queen, regal power, supreme governing power
in a monarchy any c.-shaped ornament (Brit-
;
;
; manners); (Gram., of form of word) uninflected.
Hence or cogn. CPU'deLY 2 adv., CPU'deNESS,
; CPU'diTY.nn. [f. L erudus raw]
; cpu'el (-ooil), Indifferent to, delighting in,
a.
another's pain; (of actions) showing such in-
difference or pleasure painful, distressing. ;
Hence or cogn. epu'elLV 2 adv., cpu'elTV n.
& [F, f. L crudelis {erudus crude)]
CPU*et(-ooit),n. Small glass bottle with stopper
for vinegar, oil, &c, for table small vessel for ;
wine or water in celebration of Eucharist; c-
stand (for cc. &
castors), [f. OF *cruete dim. of
; crude f. OLG criica pot]
cruise (-ooz), v.i., & n. Sail to & fro on look-
out for ships for protection of commerce in
time of war, for plunder, or for pleasure, mak-
ing for no particular port (also fig. (n. cruising )
) ;
; voyage, [(n. f. vb) f. Du. kruisen or Sp., Port.,
& cruzar, F croiser, f. L cruciare cross {crux)]
epui'sep, n. War-ship adapted for cruising :
; armoxvred c. (with armour less heavy than that
 ; ;
;

CRUIVE 199 CRYSTALLINE

of battleship); BELT 2ed c. (unprotected c, ;
ing deposited a crust (fig.) antiquated, vener- ;

one with(out) protective deck. 1-er ]

j
able, asc. prejudice, theory. [-ei> *j
epuive (-oov), n.(Sc). Wicker salmon-trap. [?] CPU'sty, a. Crust-like, hard irritable curt/ ; ;

crumb &
Small fragment, esp.
(-m), n., v.t. Hence cpu'sUly * adv., CPU'stiNEss n. [- y aj
of bread (fig.) small particle, atom, (of com-
;
CPUtcii, n. Staff (usu. with crosspiece at top)
fort &c. ); soft inner part of bread c.-cloth (laid for lame person (usu. pair of cc.) support,
; ;

over carpet, esp. unuer table) (v.t.) cover, prop, (lit. &c fig.); (Naut.) various forked, con-
;

thicken, with cc, break into cc. Hence trivances crosspiece, whence CPUtehED 2 a. ;

CPU'mbY 2 (-mi) a. l(vb f. n.) OE eruma, cf. [com.-Teut. OE crycc, L)u. kruk, G kriicke, f. :

Du. kruim] OTeut. kruk- bend]

crvrmble (-bl), v.t. & i. Break, fall, into UPU*tched Fpraps, n. pi. Minor order of
crumbs or fragments (lit. & lig.). |earlier friars wearing a cross site of their convent in ;

erimbte f. OE eruma crumb] London, [f. crotwh cross + -ed 2] ME

erirmbly (-bli), a. Apt to crumble (intr.). cpux, n. Dimcult matter, puzzle. [L,= cross]
[crumb + -ly 1 now treated as f. prec.+
;
-y*] epy 9 n.
L Loud inarticulate xitterance of grief,
epu'mmy, a. (slang). (Of women) plump, pain, fear, joy, &c. loud excited utterance of ;

comely rich, ; [crumb + -¥ 2

]
words appeal, entreaty; proclamation of wares ;

CPU'mpet, n. Soft cake of flour, egg, milk, to be sold in streets rumour voice of the pub- ; ;

&c, baked on iron plate. [?] lic watchword, as war-c, battle-c. fit of weep- ; ;

epu'mple, v.t. & i. Crush together into ing yelping of hounds (also fig.), as full c. (pur- ;

creases (also c. up) ruffle, wrinkle become suit) within c, within calling distance (of) «
; ; ; ;

creased, [f. obs. crximp v. 6c a. (make, become) Jar c, a long way c.-baby, one who cries child- ;

curved + -le(3)] ishly, [f F cri, as foil. ] .

crunch, v.t, & i., & n. Crush with teeth, esp. epy 2 , v.t. & i. Utter loudly, exclaim, (with
noisily; grind under foot (gravel &c) make sentence as object, or that) make loud utter- ; ;

one's way (up, through, &c) thus (n. crunch- ance, as c. out, c. to, (person &c.) announce for
; > ;

ing (noise), [replaces cra(u)nch, unit.] sale, as c. muffins ; c. stinking fish, condemn
cpu'pper, n. Strap buckled to back of one's own wares ; weep (bitter tears, one's
saddle &
passing under horse's tail; hind- heart oxd, oneself to sleep, or abs.) (of animals, ;

quarters of horse. If. OF cropicre (as croup 1 )] esp. birds) make loud call (of hounds) yelp ;

cpup'al (anat.). Of the leg. [f.

(-oor-), a. L ask for ; cry down, disparage c. off, withdraw ;

cruralis (crus cruris leg, see -al)] from bargain ; c. up, praise, extol ; c. craven ;
&
erusa'de, n., v.i. (Hist.) Christian expedi- c. halves, claim share (in) c. quarter, quits ; ;;

tion to recover Holy Land from Mohammedans c. shame upon, protest against (act, person). [L
war instigated by Church for alleged religious F cHer f. L quiritare cry aloud, orig. ask aid of
ends ; aggressive movement against pub-
(fig.) the citizens (Quirites)]
&c, as Temperance c. (v.i.) engage in
lic evil ; crying", a. In vbl senses; esp. (of evils)
c. Hence crusa'dER 1 n. [(vb f. n.) f. 16th-c. calling for notice, flagrant, [-ing 2 ]
F croisade & Sp. cruzada f. med. L cruciata epyogen, n. (chem.). Freezing - mixture
p.p. of cruciare mark with cross] thing mixed with ice to make this. [f. Gk kruos
crusa'do, n. Portuguese coin worth about frost + -GEN(1)]
2s. id. [f. Port, cruzado marked with cross] cpypt, n. Underground cell, vault, esp. one
cpuse (-z), Pot, jar, of earthen-
n. (archaic). beneath church, xised as burial-place, [f. L f.
ware, [cf. Du kroes, G kraiise, etym.
dub.] Gk krupte (krxipto hide)]
crush \ v.t. & i. Compress with violence, so cpyptie, a. Secret, mystical, [f. L f. Gk
as to break, bruise, &c. crumple (dress &c.) by ; ki'uptikos (as prec, see -ic)]
rough handling; (fig.) subdue, overwhelm, as CPypKo)- in comb. = Gk kruptos hidden,
a crushing defeat, reply c. out, extinguish, ; secret, as -branchiate, with concealed gills,
stamp out; c. a cup of wine, drink it; (intr.) -Calvinist, secret sympathizer with Calvinism,
squeeze one's way (into &c). [prob. f. OF -logy, enigmatical language.
croissir crash, prob. of Teut. orig.] cryptogam, n. Plant having no stamens
crush 2, n. Act of crushing crowded mass ; or pistils, & therefore no proper flowers. Hence
(esp. of persons) (colloq. crowded social gather-
; ) epyptoga'mic, epyptd'gamous, aa..
ing ; c.-room in theatre &c (for promenade epypto*g"amiST, cpypto'gamY 1 nn. [f. F ,

during intervals) c. hat, collapsible opera hat

; cryptogame (prec. + Gk -gamos wedded), after
with spring, [f. prec] Linnaean class-name Cryptogamia]
cpust, n., & v.t. & i. Hard outer part of epy'ptog'Pam, -graph, nn. Thing written
bread similar casing of anything, e. g. harder in cipher. So epypto'GRAPHER, cpypto*-
;

layer over soft snow (c.-hunt n. & v.t. & i., of GRAPHY, nn., CPyptOGRA'PHIC a. [CRYPTO- +
hunting elks &c. over a c. that supports hunters -GRAM, -GRAPH]
but not quarry) hard dry scrap of bread; crystal, n. & a. A clear transparent ice-like
pastry covering pie hard dry formation, scab, mineral; roek-c, a form of pure quartz; piece
;

on skin (Geol.) outer portion of earth coating, of this (poet.) any clear transparent thing, esp.
; ; ;

deposit, on surface of anything c. of wine, de- water (also c.-glass) glass of very transparent
; ;

posit on sides of bottle hard external covering quality; vessel &c of this; (Chem., Min.) ag-
;

of animal or plant (fig.) anything superficial

; gregation of molecules with definite internal
(v.t.) cover with, form into, c. (v.i.) become structure & external form of solid enclosed by
;

covered with c. [(vb f. n.) f. L crusta, partly symmetrically arranged plane faces; (adj.)
thr. OF crouste] made of, like, clear as, c [f. OF cristal f. L
Crustct'cea. (-sha), n. pi. Large class of ani- crystallum f. Gk krustallos ice, crystal, f. krus-
mals, mostly aquatic, with hard shell, as crabs, taino freeze (kruos frost)]
lobsters, shrimps. Hence CPUStA'CEAN a. & crystalline ( -i- or -I-), a. Made of, clear as,
n. ; cpustaeeo'LOGY n. [neut. pi. of mod. L like, crystal c. heaven (in Ptolemaic system, be-
;

CRVST(aceus -aceous)] tween primum mobile & firmament, assumed

cpusta'ceous, a. Crust-like; (of animals) to explain precession of equinox &c); c. lens
having a hard covering, esp. (Zool.) belonging of eye, transparent body in membranous cap-
to the Crustacea, [as prec] sule behind iris. [f. L f. Gk krustallinos (as

cpu'sted, a. Having a crust ;

(of wine) hav- i prec, see -ine 2 )]
 ;; ; ;;

CRYSTALLIZE 200 CULPRIT

crystallize, v.t. i. &
Form into crystals or lie close & snug nestle together
; ; curl one-
(fig. ) definite or pevmanentshape. Hence epys- self up ;
(n.) hug, embrace. [?]
tallizABLE epystallizA'TiON n. [-izeJ
a., cu'ddy , n. Cabin in large ship, abaft & un-
1

epystallo- comb. =Gk krustallos crys-

in der round-house, in which officers take meals ;

tal, as -ge'nic, -geny, forming, formation of, closet, cupboard. [?]

crystals, -grapher, -gra'phic, -graphy, student cu'ddy 2 , fool, ass; young
n. (Sc). Donkey;
of, pertaining to, science of, crystal structure. of the coal-fish lever on tripod for lifting
;

crystalloid, a. & n. Crystal-like; (body) of stones &c. [?]

•crystalline structure (cf. colloid), [-oid] cu'dg-el, n., & v.t. (-11-). Short thick stick used
cte'noid a. & n.
(t-), (Fish with scales or as weapon c.-play, contest with cc. (fig.) take
; ;

teeth) like a comb. [f. Gk ktenoeides (kteis up the cc. for, defend vigorously; (v.t.) beat
Jctenos comb, see -oid)] with c, esp. (fig., c. one's brains for, try to
cub, n., & v.t. i. &
Young of fox, as count- think of. [(vb f. n.) OE cycgel, etym. dub.]
ing young
;
of bear or other wild beast unpo- ; eu'dweed, n. Composite plant with chaffy
lished youth; (vb) bring forth (cc, or abs.). scales round flower-heads, given to cattle that
Hence birbbiSH x a., cu'bHOOD n. [?] had lost their cud.
eu'bage, n. (Finding cue 1 , n. Last words of a speech in a play,
of) cubic content.
[cube + -age] serving as signal to another actor to enter or
eu'batupe, n. =prec. [f. mod. hcubare -at-, speak (Mus. similar guide to singer or player ; )
;

see -ure] hint how to act proper course to take. [?] ;

cu'bbing-, n. cuB-hunting. [cub + -ing l ] cue 2, n. Pigtail (also queue) long straight ;

cube, n., & v.t. Solid contained by squares tapering leather-tipped rod for striking ball in
block of anything so or similarly shaped pro- billiards &c. [f. F queue (OF cue) f. L cauda tail]
;

duct of a number multiplied by its square (c. of cue'ist, n. Billiard-player, [prec. + -ist(3)]
2=8, c.-root of 8=2); c. powder, gunpowder in cuff 1 , n. Ornamental bottom part of sleeve
cubical grains (v.t.) find c. of (number), find separate band of linen worn round wrist.
;

cubic content of (solid), pave with cc. l(vb f. n.) Hence (-)euff ed a. [?]
2

F, f. LL f. Gk kubos cube, die] cuff 2, v.t., & n. Strike with fist or open hand ;

eu'beb, n. Pungent berry of a Javan shrub, such blow. [etym. dub.; Sw. has kujfa thrust]
used in medicine & cookery, [f. F cubebe i. cui bo'no ? (ki), sentence. Who profited by
Arab, kababah] it ? (i. e. who is most likely to have brought it
cu'bic, a. Cube-shaped of three dimensions about?) (pop.) to what purpose? [L]
; ;

c. foot, inch, volume of a cube whose edge is cuipa'ss (kwi-, ku-), n. Body armour, breast-
one foot, inch; c. content of solid, its volume plate & back-plate fastened together woman's ;

expressed in c. feet &c. involving the cubes of close-fitting sleeveless bodice, [f. F cuirasse f.
;

numbers, as c. equation. Hence eu'bieAL a., L coriacea (fern, adj.) leathern (corium leather,
eu'bicalLY 2 adv. [f. F cubique f. L f. Gk see -aceous)]
kubikos (as cube 1 see -ic)] ,
cuirassier (kwiraser", kur-), n. Horse-sol-
eu'biele, n. Small separate sleeping com- dier wearing cuirass. [F (as prec, see -eer)]
partment in schools &c. [f. L cubiculum (cubare cuisine (kwize'n), n. Kitchen arrangements
lie down)] style of cooking. [F, = kitchen f. L coquina
eu'bifopm, a. Cube-shaped. [-I-, -form] (coquere cook)]
cu'bit, n. Ancient measure of length, 18 to cuisse (kwis), cuish (kw-), n. (hist.). Thigh
22 in. [f. L cubitus elbow, length of fore-arm] armour (usu. pi.), [earlier cuissues, -ies, -es,
cu'bital, a. Of the fore-arm or corresponding (pi.) f. OF cuissel f. L coxale (coxa hip)]
part in animals, [f. L cubitalis (prec., -al)] cul-de-sac (F), n. Blind alley (Anat.) tube ;

cu'boid, a. & n. Cube-shaped, like a cube, as &c. open at one end only.
c. bone (of the foot) (n.) rectangular parallele-
; -cule, dim. suf. =F -cule f. L -cvlus, -cula,
piped. Hence cuboi'dAL a. [f. Gk kuboeides -culum the L suf. appears in E as -cle, as -cule,
;

(as cube, see -oid)] or in full article, corpuscule, corpuscle, fasci-

:

cu'ckold, n., &

of unfaithful
v.t. Husband culus, Auricula, vascidum.
wife; (v.t.) make a c. of. [(vbf. n.) coke- ME eu'linary, a. Pertaining to a kitchen or
xvoldi. OF cucuault (cucu cuckoo ; mod. F cou- cooking fit for cooking, as c. plants, [f. L
;

cou cuckoo, cocu cuckold)] culinarius (culina kitchen, see -ary 1 )]

cu'ekoo (kdb-), n. Migratory bird reaching cull, v.t., & n. Pick (flower &c.) select (n.) ; ;

British Islands in April depositing its eggs in
nests of small birds simpleton ; c.-clock (strik-
; as inferior or too old for breeding,
ing with sound like c.'s note) ; c.-ftower, ragged
&
Robin others ; c.-pint, common arum, wake-
robin; c.-spit, froth exuded by certain insects
Cor enveloping larvae in. [f. F coucou, imit.]
cu'cullate(d), a. (bot., zool.). Shaped like,
covered with, a hood. [f. LL cucullatus (cucul-
lus hood, see -ate 2 )]
eu'cumber, n. (Creeping plant with) long
& animal removed from flock (& usu. fattened)
[f. OF cuil-
lir (mod. cu-eillir) f. L as collect]
cullender. See colander.
eu'llet, n. Refuse glass with which crucibles
are replenished, [later form of collet]
eu'lly, n. (slang). Dupe, simpleton. [?]
culm \ n. Coal-dust (esp. of anthracite). [?]
culm 2, n. (bot.). Stem of plant (esp. of grasses).
So eulmi'FEROUS a. [f. L culmus]

fleshy fruit eaten in thin slices as salad cool ;

cu'lminant, a. At, forming, the top ; (of
as a c, quite cool, self-possessed, [f. F cocombre heavenly body) on the meridian, [foil., -ant]
(mod. cone) f. L cucumerem (nom. -mis)] eu'lminate, v.i. Reach its highest point
cucup'bit, n. Gourd. Hence eucupbit- {in; lit. & fig.); (Astr.) be on the meridian.
A'CEOUS a. [f. L cucurbita] Hence eulminA"TiON n. [f. LL cidminare
cud, n. Food that ruminating animal brings (culmen top), see -ate 3 ]
back from first stomach into mouth & chews at cu'lpable, a. Criminal, blameworthy, as c.

leisure ; (fig.) chewthe c, reflect, ruminate. [OE negligence, hold him c. Hence eulpaBixiTY,
cwidu, cf. OHG chuti, quiti, glue] eu'lpableNESS, nn., cu'lpabLY 2 adv. [f.
cu'dbeap, n. Purple or violet dyeing-powder OF coupable f. L culpabilis (culpa fault)]
f>repared from various lichens ; kind of lichen, cu'lppit, n. Offender ; prisoner at the bar.
named by Cuthbert Gordon, patentee] [17th c. ; orig. in formula Culprit, how will you
eu'ddle, v.t. & L, & n. Hug, embrace, fondle be tried ?, said by Clerk of Crown to prisoner
 ;;
,
; ;
;

CULT 201 CURB

pleading Not Guilty abbr. of Culpable : prest ; cu-nning 2 , a. Artful, craft v ; skilful, in-
d'averrerScc (You are) guilty (I am) ready &c.J : genious ; able. Hence cu'nningLY 2 adv.
cult, n. System of religious worship devo- ; [part. (orig. ^cunnetule) of can 2 ]
tion, homage, to person or thing (the c. of), [f. cup 1
, n. Drinking- vessel, with or without
hcultus -lus worship (colere cult- till, worship)] handle &stem, as tea, coffee, -c. ; ck allenge c.
cultivate, v. t. whence eu'ltiVABLE a.
Till, (prize for race &c, usu. of gold or silver, esp.
(fig.) improve, develop, (person, mind, manners one held by winner only until next race &c.)
esp. in p.p.) pay attention to, cherish, (faculty,
; rounded cavity, esp. calyx of flower, socket of
art, person, his acquaintance); prepare (ground) some bones, &c cupful, as c. of tea, half a c.
;

with cultivator, [f. L"L cultivare f. cultiva chalice used, wine taken, at Communion fate, ;

(terra) tilled (land), as prec, -ive, -ate 3

] portion, experience, as a bitter c, his c. was
cultivation, n. Cultivating, cultivated full (happiness, miser}*, was complete) in one's ;

state, (lit. &fig.). [F (as cultivable, see-ATiox)] cc, while (getting) drunk wine, cider, &c, with ;

cultivator, n. One who cultivates imple- ; various flavourings, as claret-c. a c. too low, ;

ment for breaking up ground & uprooting out of spirits c. &

ball, c. at end of stem, with
;

weeds, [-or 2 ] attached ball to be thrown & caught in c. or on

eu*ltrate,a.(nat.hist.). Knife-edged. So cu*l- spiked end of stem; c.-bearer, one who serves
triFORM a. If. L cultratus (cutter knife, -ate 2 )] wine, esp. officer of royal or noble household ;
culture (-tsher), n., v.t- Tillage rearing, & ; c.-moss, lichen with c.-shaped processes arising
production, (of bees, oysters, fish, silk, bacteria); from the thallus. Hence cu'pful n. [perh. f.
set of bacteria thus produced ; improvement by LL cuppa, whence OF cope, It. coppa, &c]
(mental or physical) training ; intellectual de- cup 2 v.t. Bleed (person) by means of a cup-
,
velopment ; (v.t.) cultivate (lit. fig., chiefly in & ping-glass (Golf) strike (ground) with club in
;

p.p.). Hence eu'ltuPAL eu*lturiST(2) n. a., driving ball. [f. prec]

[<vbf. F culturer) F, f. ~Lcultura as cult, -ure)J cupboard (ku/berd), n. Shelved closet or
eu'lver, n. (dial.). Wood -pigeon ;culverkeys, cabinet for crockery, provisions, &c. skele- ;

cowslip, other plants. [OE culfre, etym. dub.] ton in the c. c. love (simulated forsake of what
;

eu*lverin, n. (hist.). Large cannon, small fire- one can get by it), [cup i + board]
arm, [f. F coulevrine snake (L colubra, -ine 1 )] eu-pel, n., &
v.t. (-11-). Small flat circular
cu*lvept,n. Channel, conduit, carrying water vessel used in assaying gold or silver with lead ;
across under road, canal, &c. channel for ; (v.t.) assay in c. Hence eupellA'TiON n. [(vb
electric cable. [?] f n. ) f. F coupelle f med. L cupella f cupa cask]
. . .

cum, prep. With ; c.grano (salis), with Cu'pid, n. Roman god of love beautiful ;

caution or reserve (lit.
cum dividend (abbr. cum div.), including divi-
dend about to be paid also in names ot com-
bined parishes, as Stow-cum-Quy. [L]
eu'mbePj v.t., & n. Hamper, hinder; bur-
with a grain of salt) boy. [f. L Cupido (cupere desire)]
eupl'dity, n. Greed of gain. [f. F cupiditi
; f. L cupiditatem (cupidus desirous, see -tv)]
cu'pola, n. Rounded dome forming roof;
ceiling of dome (also c.-furnace) furnace for
;

den; (n.) hindrance, obstruction, [(vb) f. OF melting metals revolving dome protecting
;

combrer f. LL cumbrus heap, etym. dub. ; (n.) mounted guns on iron-clad (Anat., Zool.J dome- ; i

f. vb or f. G kummer trouble] like organ or process. [It., f. L cupula dim. of

cumbersome, a. Unwieldy, clumsy. cupa cask]
Hence eu'mbersomeLY 2 adv., eu'mber- [f. L eup- cu'preous, a. Of or like copper,
someNESS n. [-some] reiis (cuprum copper) + -ous]
cu'mbrous, a. =prec. Hence eu'mbrous- cu'pric, a. Containing copper. So cupri'-
ly 2 adv. cu'mbpousNESs n. [cumber + -ous] ferous, cu-prous, aa. [f. L cuprum, -ic(l)]
,

eu'm(m)in, n. Umbelliferous plant like cu'pule, n. (hot., zool.). Cup-shaped organ,

fennel, with aromatic seed. [f. L f. Gk kuminon] receptacle, &c. [f. L as <yupola]
eu 'miner, ki'mmer, Godmother cur, n. Worthless, low-bred, or snappish
n. (Sc).
of one's child or godchild female companion dog surly, ill-bred, or cowardly fellow, [cf.
; ;

woman. [f.F commere f.LL con>i(mater mother)] MDu. korre, cf. ON, Sw., kurra grumble]
eu'mmerbund, n. (Anglo-Ind.). Waist sash. cur'acao, -90a, (-so), n. Liqueur of spirits
[f. Hind. & Pers. kamar-band loin band] flavoured with peel of bitter oranges. [Du.
cu'mulate a (-at), a. Heaped up, massed, [as island in Caribbean sea -goa is E mis-spelling] ;

2
foil., see -ate ] cur'acy, n. Curate's office benefice of ;

cu'mulate 2 v.t. & i. Accumulate. Hence perpetual curate, [f. curate, see -acy(3)]
,

cumulA'Tiox n. [f. L cumulare (cumulus eurap'e, -I, n. Resinous bitter substance

heap), see -ate 3 ] from some S. American plants, paralysing the
cu'mulative, a. Tending to accumulate motor nerves, used by Indians to poison arrows. ;

increasing in force &c. by successive addi- Hence eur'ariNE 5 n., cur'anzE(o) v.t. [cor-
tions, as c. evidence c. voting, system in which rupt, of native wurali]
;

each voter has as many votes as there are repre- eur'assow Turkey-like bird of Cen-
(-6), n.
sentatives, & may give all to one candidate tral& S. America.[E spelling of curacao]
c. preference shares (entitling holder to arrears cur'ate (-at), n. Assistant to parish priest c- ;

of interest before other shares receive any on in-charge, clergyman appointed to take charge
current year). Hence cu'mulativeLY 2 adv. of parish during incapacity or suspension of
cujmulativexESS n. [f. prec. + -ive] incumbent, [f. med. L curatus one having a
cumulus, n. (pi. -lit. Heap ; set of rounded charge (cura), see -ate 2 ]
masses of cloud heaped on each other & resting eur'ative, a. & n. (Thing) tending to cure
on horizontal base. So eumulo, comb, form, (esp. disease). [F (-if, -ive), f. L curare cure 2 ,

cumulousa. [L] see -ative]

eu'neate (-at), a. Wedge-shaped, [f. Lcune- curator, n. Person in charge, manager
are (cuneus wedge), see -ate 2 ] keeper, custodian, of museum member of ;

cu'nelform (also kunel-), a. n. Wedge- & board managing property or having general
shaped ; (n.) c. writing in ancient inscriptions of superintendence in University. Hence eura-
Persia, Assyria, &c. [f. L cuneus wedge, -form] tor'iAL a., eura'torsHiP n. [L (as prec, -or 2 )]
cu'nning n.1
, Artfulness, craft; ability, curb, n., & v.t. Chain, strap, passing under
dexterity, [vbl n. t can 2 ] lower jaw of horse, used as a check (fig.) check, ;

7*
 ;;
; ;;

CURCUMA 202 CURTAIN

restraint hard swelling on horse's leg, whence
; cu'ppant, n. Dried fruit of a seedless variety
euirbY 2 a. frame round top of well timber of grape grown in the Levant, much used in
; ;

or iron plate round edge of circular structure cookery Red, White, Black, C, (fruit of) species ;

= kerb c. roof, one of which each face has of Ribes. [orig. raisins of Corauntz (Corinth)]
;

two slopes, the lower one steeper (v .t.) put c. cu'ppency, n. Time during which a thing
r
;

on (horse), (fig.) restrain, [(vb f. n.) f. F courbe is current (of money) circulation money cur- ; ;

(adj.) f. L curvus bent] rent in actual use in a country prevalence (of ;

cup'cuma, n. Turmeric, substance used in ideas, reports, &c). [f. L currere run, see -ency]
curry-powder, as test for alkalis (c. paper), &c. eu'ppent 1
, a. In general circulation or use
genus of tuberous plants yielding this & other (ofmoney, opinions, rumours, &c.) pass, go, ;

commercial substances. [mod.L, f. Arab- kur- run,c, be generally accepted as true or genuine;
kum saffron, turmeric, cf. crocus] (of time) now passing, as c. week, month ; be-
curd, n. Coagulated substance formed (na- longing to the c. time, as c. issue (of journal)
turally or artificially) by action of acids on c. handwriting, cursive. Hence eu*ppentLY 2
milk, and made into cheese or eaten (often pi.) adv. [f. OF corant part, of courir f. L currere
fatty substance found between flakes of boiled run (refash. on L)]
salmon ; c. soap (white, of tallow soda). & eu'ppent 2 , n. Running stream; water, air,
Hence eup*dY 2 a. [perh. f. OE as crowd 2 ] &c, moving in given direction; course, ten-
cup'dle, v.t. i. &
Congeal, form into curd; dency, (of events, opinions, &c.) ; transmission
(fig.) c. the blood (with horror), [curd v.t. i. & of electric force through a body. [prec. as n.]
(now rare) + -le(3)J eu'ppiele, n. Light two-wheeled carriage
cure ,
1
n. Remedy; course
of medical or two horses abreast), [f. foil.]
(usu. for
other treatment (esp. of specified kind, as grape, euppi'eulum, n. Course (of study). [L, =
milk, -c.) ; spiritual charge, as c. of souls. Hence course, race-chariot, f. curixre run]
cupo'less a. [OF, f. L cura care] eu'ppiep, n. One & colours who dresses
&
cure 2, v.t. L Restore to health (also fig.) tanned leather, [f. OF corier f. L coriarius
remedy (an evil) ; preserve (meat, fruit, tobacco) (corium hide, leather, see -ary )]
1

by salting, drying, &c. (also intr.). Hence eup'pish, a. Like a cur snappish mean- ; ;

euraBi'Lixy n., gup* able a. [f. F curer L L spirited. Hence eup'pishLY 2 adv., cup'-
curare take care of (cura)] pishNESs n. [-ISH ] 1

cure 3 n. (slang). Odd or eccentric person.

, [?] cu'ppy J, n., & v.t. Dish of meat &c. cooked
cure (F), n. Parish priest in France &c. with bruised spices turmeric ; c.-paste, -pow- &
eup'few, n. Medieval regulation for extinc- der, preparations of turmeric &c. for making
tion of fires at fixed hour in evening ; hour for c. ; (v.t.) prepare, flavour, with c.-powder. [(vb
this ; (also c.-bell) bell announcing it ; ringing f. n.) f. Tamil kari sauce]
of bell at fixed evening hour, still surviving in cu'ppy 2, v.t. Rub down or dress (horse &c.)
some towns, [f. AF coeverfu f. OF covrefeu with c.-comb; dress (tanned leather); (fig.)
(couvrir cover +feu thrash ; c. favour (orig. favel f. OF estriller
fire)]
eup'ia, n. One of the ten divisions of any of favel curry the chestnut horse), ingratiate one-
the three ancient Roman tribes; its place of self (with person) by officiousness &c. [f. OF
worship Roman senate-house senate of an- correier, earlier cox(reder prepare see array)]
; ;

cient Italian towns court of justice (esp. under ; cupse l, n. Utterance of deity or person in-
feudal organization) the Papal court. [L] ;voking deity, consigning person or thing to de-
eup'ial, a. Of a curia of the Papal court, struction, divine vengeance, &c. ; sentence of
;

whence cup'ialiSM n. [F, f L curialis (curia, excommunication profane oath, imprecation

.
;

see^AL)] accursed object; evil inflicted in response to

C up'io, n. (pi. -os). Curious object of art. [ = foil. ] a c. great evil, bane (Cards) c. of Scotland, ; ;

cupid'sity, n. Desire to know inquisitive- nine of diamonds. [?] ;

ness strangeness a c, strange or rare object,

; ; cupse 2, v.t. &i. Utter curse against excom- ;

[f OF curiosete f L c uriositatem (as foil. see -T Y)]

. . municate blaspheme afflict with (esp. in
, ; ;

curious, a. Eager to learn inquisitive pass.) (intr.) utter curses. [?] ; ; ;

minutely careful, as c. inquiry; strange, sur- cup'sed, curst, a. In vbl senses; also:
Iirising, odd. Hence eup'iousLY adv. cup*- 2 , damnable, abominable (archaic usu. curst) ; ;

OUsness n. [f OF c urius f L c urios us f cura

. . . cantankerous (adv.) cursedly. Hence cup's-
;

car©, see -iousd)] edLY 2 adv., eup'sedNESS n. [p.p. of prec]

cupI \ n. Spiral lock of hair c.-paper (used ; eup*sive, a. & n. Running (writing in manu-
for twisting hair into cc); anything spiral or script), opp. to uncial, [f. med.L cursivus (L
incurved act of curling, as c. of the lip (ex-
; currere curs- run, see -ive)]
pressing scorn) ; state of being curled, as keep cup'sopy, a. Hasty, hurried, (c. inspection).
the hair in c. ; disease of potatoes &c. in which Hence eup'sopiLY 2 adv., eup'sopiNESS n.
shoots or leaves are curled up. [f. foil.] [f. L
ciwsorius of a runner (as prec, see -ory)]
&
cupI 2, v.t. i. Bend, coil, into spiral shape curt, a. Discourteously brief terse, concise ;

(t. &i.) ; c. up, roll up into a curl, (intr., slang) (lit.) short. Hence eup'tLY 2 adv., eup'tNESS
collapse ; move in spiral form (of smoke &c.) n. L curtus short]
[f.
play at curling, [f. obs. adj. croll, crull, curly euptai'l, v.t. Cut short (lit. & fig.) ; deprive
cf. Du. krullen, Gkrollen, krollen] of. Hence euptai'lMENT n. [f. obs. curtal
eup'lew, n. Wading bird with long slender horse with docked tail f. OF cortald (court short
curved bill. [f. OF courlieus perh. imit. of cry, f. L curtus + Teut. suf. -aid) assim. to tail] ;

but assim. to corliu courier f. courir run] eup'tail-step, n. Lowest step of stair. [?]
eup'ling , n. In vbl senses esp. Scotch game eup*tain(-tn),Tn., &v.t. Suspended cloth used
1

; :

played on ice with large round stones; c.-irons, as screen draw the c. (back or aside to reveal ;

-tongs, (for curling hair), [-ing 1 ] objects, forward to conceal them) screen sepa- ;

cup'ly, a. Having, arranged in, curls c.-pate, rating stage of theatre from auditorium (c. falls, ;

c. -headed person. Hence cup'Uness n. [-Y 2 ] drops, is dropped, at end of action, rises, is
cupmu'dgeon, n. Churlish or miserly fel- raised, at beginning; also fig.) fire-proof c. in ;
low. Hence curmu'dgeonLY 1 a. [?] theatre, metal sheet cutting off stage plain ;
cu'ppach (-ro, -ruch), n. Coracle, [f. Ir. cur- wall of fortified place, connecting two towers
ach, cf. coracle] &c. partition, cover, in various technical ;
 v ;;
CURTANA 203
senses c-lecture, wife's reproof to husband in
; custo'dian,
bed : c.-raiser in theatre, short opening piece ;
(v.t.) furnish, cover, shut off, with cc. l(vbf. n.)
f. OF cortine f. L cortina, etym. dub.]
curta-na (or -ah-), n. Pointless sword borne
before kings of England at Coronation, as em-
blem of mercy. [Anglo-L c. (spada) curtailed
(sword) (as curt, see -an)]
eup'tilage, n. (law, dial.). Area attached to
dwelling-house, [f. OF courtillage (conrtil
small court + -age)]
eup'tsy, -sey, n., & v.i. Feminine salutation
made by bending knees & lowering body
make, drop, a c. (v.i.) make c. (to person).
; eu'stomapy, a. & n. Usual; (Law) subject
[var. of courtesy]
eup'ule, a. Pertaining to any high civic dig-
nity (Rom. Antiq.) c. chair, one like camp-stool,
; country. Hence cu'stomapiLY 2 adv., cu*s-
inlaid with ivory c. magistrate, one entitled to
; tomariNESS
this. [f. L cur alts perh. f. cur?- us chariot]
cup*vatupe, n. Curving curved form ; ;
(Geom.) deviation (of curve) from straight line,
[f. L curvatura (as foil., see -ure)]
curve lf v. t. & i. Bend so as to form a curve,
[f. L curvare (as foil.)]
curve 2
, Line of which no part is straight
n.
curved form or thing, [f. L curvus bent]
cupve't (also ker'-), n., & v.i. (-U-, -t-). Horse's
leap with fore-legs raised together & hind-legs
raised with spring before fore-legs reach ground
(v.i., of horse or rider) make c. [(vb f. It. corvet-
tare) f. It. corvetta dim. of corvo curve (as prec.)]
cupvi- in comb. = L ciirvus curved, as -caud-
ate, -costate, -dentate, -rostrate, with curved
tail, ribs, teeth, beak ; -foliate, with leaves bent
back ; -form, of curved shape -nervate (of
; ting; narrow opening in floor of stage of
leaves), with veins diverging from mid-rib &
converging towards margin.
cupvili'neap, a. Contained by, consisting
of, curved line(s). Hence eupvilinea'PiTY n.,
cupvili'neaPLY 2 adv. [prec. + linear]
cu'scus, n. Aromatic root of an Indian grass,
used for fans &c. [f. Hind, khas khas]
eirshat, n. (Sc, dial.). Wood-pigeon, ring-
dove. [?]
cu'shion 1 (kob-), n. Mass of soft material
stuffed into cloth or silk covering, for sitting,
kneeling, reclining, on ; pin-c. ; pad worn by
woman under hair; pad beneath skirt of
woman's dress ; elastic lining of sides of billiard
table ; steam left in cylinder as buffer to piston
fleshy part of buttock (of pig &c); frog of
horse's hoof; c.-tire of bicycle (rubber tubing
stuffed with rubber shreds). Hence cu'-
shion 2 a. [f. F coussin, etym. dub. ; the
earlier (ME) form cuisshin is f. OF coissin f. L
*coxinum (coxa hip, see -ine 1 )]
cu'shion 2, v.t. Furnish with cushions ; pro-
tect with cushions (also fig.) ; suppress quietly
(complaints &c.) ; (Billiards) place, leave, (ball)
against cushion, [f. prec]
cusp, n. Apex, peak ; (Geom. ) point at which
two branches of curve meet &
stop ; (Arch.)
projecting point between small arcs in Gothic
tracery ; (Bot.) pointed end, esp. of leaf. Hence
CUspED 2 a. [f L cuspis -idis point]
. out ; c. off, remove by cutting, bring to an end,
cu'spidal, a. Of (the nature of) a cusp. So
cu'spidate(d) [-ate 2 (2)] aa. [as prec, -al]
cu'spidop(e), n. (U.S.). Spittoon. [Port,
(-or), = spitter (cuspir f. L coNspuei-e, see -or 2 )]
cuss, n. (U.S.). Curse; person, creature,
(often disparaging), [vulg. pron. of curse 1 ]
cu'ssedness, n. (U.S.). Perversity, esp. pure
c. [vulg. pron. of cursedness\
cu'stapd, n. Mixture of eggs milk, baked & pass.) distress greatly, c. up (well), leave (large)
or served liquid c.-apple, W. Indian fruit with
; fortune, c. up rough, show resentment; c.-&-
pulp like c [orig. a kind of pie ; prob. f. obs.
crustade f. F croustade (as crust, -ade)]
custo'dial, a. Relating to custody, [-al]
;
CUT
n. Guardian, keeper. So cus-
to'diERi n.[as foil. +-an]
eu*stody ?
n. Guardianship, care, (parent
has c. of child, child is in the c. offather) ; im-
prisonment, esp. take into c, arrest, [f. L cus-
todia (custos -odis guardian, see -y *)]
cu'stom, n. Usual practice; (Law) estab-
lished usage having the force of law; (pi.)
duty levied upon imports from foreign coun-
tries c.-house, office (esp. in seaport) at which
;
cc. are collected business patronage or sup-
;
port, [f. OF costume f L consuetudinem f con- . .
(suescere suet- grow accustomed), see -tude]
to, held by, custom (of the manor &c) (n., also ;
-tumary) written collection of the customs of a
n. [f. med.L custumarius = L
consuetudinarius (as prec, see -ary 1 )]
cu'stomep, n. Buyer jkjcolloq.) queer, awk-
ward, &c, c. (person to deal with), [prob. f.
CUSTOM+ -ER 1
]
cu'stos, n. Guardian, keeper
c. rotulorum, ;
keeper of the rolls, principal justice of the
peace in a county. [L]
cut \ n. Act of cutting stroke, blow, with ;
knife, sword, whip c. thrust, hand-to-hand ; &
struggle excision (of part of a play &c.) act,
; ;
speech, that wounds the feelings; particular
stroke in cricket, lawn tennis, croquet, &c ;
refusal to recognize an acquaintance short c, ;
crossing that shortens the distance fashion, ;
style, (of clothes, hair, &c.) ; a c. (degree, stage)
above ; wound made by cutting railway cut- ;
theatre, by which scenes are moved up & down
=woodcw£ piece (esp. of meat) cut off; draw
;
cc, draw lots with sticks of unequal length
(prob. a different word), [f. foil.]
&
cut 2, v.t. i. (cut). Penetrate, wound, with
edged instrument, as the knife c. his finger, he
c. his finger with a knife (fig.) a cutting wind, ;
cutting retort, it c. him to the heart, whence
cu'ttingLY 2 adv. ; divide with knife &c. in
two, in or into pieces (fig.) c. (renounce) a con- ;
nexion ; detach by cutting ; carve (meat)
cross, intersect, as two lines c. each other ;
(intr.) pass through, across, Sec, (slang) run
away; reduce by cutting (hair &c) shape, ;
fashion, by cutting (coat, gem, &c) perform, ;
execute, make, as c. a caper, dash, joke,
figure divide (pack of cards) so as to deter-
;
mine deal, prevent cheating, &c ; hit (ball) in
particular way, in cricket &c ; renounce ac-
quaintance of (person), decline to recognize
him, esp. c. him dead absent oneself from, ;
avoid, renounce, as c. a lecture, c the whole con-
cern ; c. a tooth, have it appear through gum ;
c. short, shorten by cutting (lit. fig.), also in- &
terrupt c. one's stick, go ; c. coat according to
;
cloth c. down, bring or throw down by cut-
;
ting, (fig.) reduce (expenses) ; c. in (intr.), enter
abruptly, interpose (in conversation), (Cards)
join in game by taking place of player who cuts
intercept (supplies, communications), exclude
(from access &c) ; c. off with a shilling, disin-
herit by bequeathing a shilling ; c. otit, remove
by cutting, (fig.) out-do or supplant (rival),
fashion or shape (lit. &fig.), prepare, as his work
is c oitt for him, (Cards, intr.) be excluded from
game as result of cutting ; c up, c in pieces,
destroy utterly, (fig.) criticize severely, (usu.
come-again, abundance c. dried or dry (of ; &
opinions &c), ready-made, lacking freshness;
cxdpurse, thief cut-throat, murderer. [?]
;
 .

CUTANEOUS^ 204 CYME

cuta-neous, a. Of the skin. [f. mod. or med. period of a thing's completion ; complete set or

hcutaneus (cutis skin, see -aneous)] series series of poems collected round a central
;

eu't-away, a. n. &(Coat) with skirt cut event &c. ; bicycle, tricycle, or similar machine ;

back from the waist. (v.i.) revolve in cc, ride c. [(vb f. n.) f. L f. Gk
eutehe'ppy, eirtchepy, n. (Anglo -Ind.). kuklos circle]
Public office, court-house ; office of planter &c. cyclic, -ical, aa. Recurring in cycles ; be-
Hind, kachahri]
(f. longing to a chronological cycle {-ic) of a cycle ;

cute, a. (colloq.). Clever, shrewd ingenious.
Hence eu'teLY- adv., cu'teNESsn. [for acute]
eu'tiele, n. Epidermis or other superficial
skin; (Bot.) superficial film of plants. Hence
cuti'eulAR 1 a. [f. L cuticula dim. of cutis]
eirtis, n. (anat.). True skin, underlying the
epidermis. [L, = skin]
cu'tlass, n. Short sword with wide slightly
curved blade, esp. that used by sailors, [f. F
coutelas augment, of couteau (-tel) knife, dim.
f. L as coulter]
eu'tlep, n. One who makes or deals in knives
& similar utensils. [£. OF coutelier f.
prec. & -er 2 (2)]
eu*tlepy, n. Trade of the cutler things made
or sold by cutlers, [f. OF coutelerie (as prec,
see -ery)]
eu'tlet, n. Small piece of meat (esp. mutton
; of poems, as c. poet; (Gk Ant., -ic) c. chorus,
dithyrambic chorus, danced in ring round altar;
(Bot., of flower) with its parts arranged in
whorls, [f. L f. Gk kuklikos (as cycle)]
cyclist, n. Rider of a cycle, [cycle + -ist]
eyelo- in comb. =Gk kuklos circle, as -graph,
instrument for tracing circular arcs, -meter, in-
strument for measuring (1) circular arcs (2) dis-
tance traversed by bicycle &c, -stomous, with
round mouth, cycloravia, circular panorama.
cycloid, n. Curve traced by a point on a
radius of a circle within (prolate c), on (com-
coutel, see mon a), or without (curtate c,) its circum-
ference, as the circle rolls along a straight line.
; Hence eyeloi'dAL a. [f. Gk kukloeides (as
cycle, see -oid)]
cyclone, n. System of winds rotating round
a centre of minimum barometric pressure ;

or veal) cut off for broiling &c. [f. F cotelette violent hurricane of limited diameter. Hence
double dim. of cote rib f. L costa] cyclonic a. [irreg. f. Gk kuklos circle]
cu'ttep, n. Person, thing, that cuts superior ; eyelop(a)e*dia,n. = encyclopaedia. Hence
kind of brick that can be cut boat belonging to ; cyclopaedic a. [abbr. of encyclopaedia]
ship of war, fitted for rowing & sailing small ; Cyelope'an, -clo'pian, a. Of, like, a cy-
single-masted vessel rigged like sloop, but with clops huge C. masonry, an ancient style
; ;

running bowsprit, [-er 2 ] made with huge irregular stones, [f. L Cyclo-
eirtting-, n. In vbl senses esp. excavation ; : peus, -pius, f. Gk kuklopeios, -pios, (as foil.)]
of high ground for railway, road, &c; press c, Cy*clop(s), n.- (pi. -ops, -opses, -opes). (Gk
paragraph &c. cut from newspaper, [-ing *] Myth.) one-eyed giant; one-eyed person. [L
cu'ttle, n. (Usu. c.-fish) fish ejecting black (-s), f. Gk kuklops (kuklos circle + dps eye)]
fluid when pursued c.-bone, its internal shell,
; cyclostyle, n. Apparatus printing copies
used for polishing. [OE cudele, etyrn. dub.] of writing from stencil-plate cut by pen with
eu*tty, a. & n. (Sc. & north.). Cut short, ab- small toothed wheel, [cyclo-]
normally short (n.) short pipe c.-stool, seat in
; ; cygnet, n. Young swan. [f. L cygmis swan
Sc. churches where unchaste women sat to re- + -etJ]
ceive public rebuke during service, [cut 2 , -y 2 ] cy 'Under, n. (Geom.) solid generated by
eu'twatep, n. Knee of head of ship, divid- straight line moving parallel to itself and de-
ing water before it reaches bow ; forward edge scribing with its ends any fixed curve, esp. cir-
of prow. cle roller-shaped body, hollow or solid barrel-
; ;

eu'twopm, n. Caterpillar that cuts off shaped object of baked clay covered with cunei-
young plants level with the ground. form writing and buried under Babylonian or
-ey, suf., special form of the abstract suf. -y *, Assyrian temple stone of similar shape used
;

repr. L-cia, -tia, &

Gk -kia, -keia, -tia, -tela (see as seal by Assyrians cylindrical part of various
;

-acy, -ancy, -ency). On anal, of wds in -acy, machines, esp. chamber in which steam acts
-ncy, with corresp. nn. in -ate, -nt, as advocacy upon piston metal roller used in printing, [f
;

advocate, infancy infant, -cy was extended to L f. Gk kulindros (kulindo roll)]

wds in -n, as chaplaincy, captaincy, after in- cylindrical, a. Cylinder-shaped, [f. Gk
cumbency, lieutenancy, &, being thus regarded kulindrikos (as prec, see -ic) + -al]
as independent suf. = -ship, to other wds as cylindpoid, a. & n. (Figure) like a cylinder,
colonelcy it is even added to wds ending in
; [f. Gk kulindroeides (as prec, -oid)]
-t (where -c- should have been substituted for ey'ma, n. (pi. -mas). Ogee moulding of cor-
-t-), as bankruptcy, idiotcy, normal form being nice ; =cyme. [mod. L, Gk kuma wave, any-
f.
idiocy f. Gk idioteia. thing swollen]
cyanic, a. Blue ; (Chem.) of, containing, eymap*, n. Woman's loose light garment,
cyanogen, [as foil. + -ic] esp. under-garment. [f . F simarre OF chimarre,
cyano- in comb. 1. Dark-blue, as -meter, cf. chimere]
instrument for measuring blueness of sky ; 2. cymbal, n. One of a pair of concave brass
of, containing, cyanogen, [f. Gk kuanos, a or bronze plates, struck together to make ring-
dark-blue mineral] ing sound. Hence eymbaliST n. [f. L f. Gk
cya'nogen, n. (chem.). Compound radical kumbalon (kumbe hollow)]
consisting of one atom of nitrogen and one of cymbalo, n. Stringed musical instrument,
carbon, [f. F cyanogene (as prec.+ -gen)] played with hammers, [f. It. cembalo, as prec J
eyano'sis, n. Blue jaundice, dxie to circula- eymbifopm, a. (anat., bot.). Boat-shaped,
tion of imperfectly oxygenated blood, [f. Gk [f. L cymba boat + -form]
kuanosis (as prec, see -osis)] cymbocepha'lie, a. With boat-shaped (i. e.
ey'ead, n. (bot.). Kinds of palm-like plant. long and narrow) skull, [f. Gk kumbe boat +
cyclamen, n. Kinds of plant cultivated for kephale head + -ic]
their early-blooming flowers. [med.L, f. Gk cyme, n. (bot.). Inflorescence in which pri-
kuklaminos, etym. dub.] mary axis bears single terminal flower that
&
eyele, n., v.i. Recurrent period (of events, develops first, system being continued by axes
phenomena, &c.) Metonic or Lunar c, one
; of secondary and higher orders (cf. raceme).
of 19 years, used for finding date of Easter; Hence cymo se 1 a. [F, = top (as cyma)]
-
 ;; ;)
;

CYMRIC 205 DAGGER

Cymric (k-), a. Welsh, W Cymru Wales] puty, asD.A.A.G. (assistant adjutant-general),
[f.
cynic,a. & n. Of, characteristic of, the D.A.Q.M.G. (assistant quarter-master-gene-
Cynic philosophers; = foll. (n.) philosopher of ral) distinguished, D.S.O. (service order)
; ;

sect founded by Antisthenes, marked by osten- doctor, as D.C.L. (civil law), D.D. (divinity),
tatious contempt for pleasure sneering fault- D.Lit. (literature); dono, D.D. (dedit,= g&ve
;

finder. Hence eynieiSM n. [f. L f. Gk kuni- as a gift also d.d.). d., died (as d. 1789) de-
; ;

kos (kudn kunos dog, nickname for Cynic)] narius (penny, as £1 10s. 6d.). , damn (also d—
cynical, a. Churlish captious incredulous ; ; d—d, damned).
of human goodness sneering. Hence ey'ni-
; Abbreviations (2) Dak.(ota) Dan.(iel, O.T. : ;

calLY 2 adv. [-al] book) Del.(aware) del.(m<?ar# = drew this)

; ;

eyno- in comb. repr. Gk kudn kunos dog, as dep.(arts) Deut.(eronomy) do, ditto Dp,
; ; ;

-ph obia, dread of dogs. Debtor, Doctor Dunelm., bishop of Durham; ;

eynoee'phalus, Fabulous dog-headed

n. Dup.(ham) ; dwt, pennyweight.
man (Zool.) dog-faced baboon. [L, f. Gk kuno-
; -d, p.p. suf. (heard &c); see -ED i,
& cf. dead.
kephalos (urea + kephale head)] da. See dad.
cynosure, Constellation containing
n. dab 1
, v.t. Strike lightly or undecidedly, tap,
Pole-star, Little Bear Pole-star guiding star
; ;
peck press but not rub
; (surface) with sponge
centre of attraction or admiration. [F, f. L f. &c, whence da'bbER i(2) n.; press (brush, dab-
Gk kunosoura dog's tail, Little Bear (kudn ber, &c.) against surface, [f. 1300 etym. dub.]
;

kuyios dog + oura tail)] dab 2 , n. Slight or undecided but sudden blow,
cypher. See cipher. tap, peck ; brief application of sponge, handker-
cy pres (sepra'), adv., n., a. (Law) as near chief, &c, to surface without rubbing; mois-
as possible (to testator's intentions) ; (a.) ap- ture, colour, &c, so applied, [f. prec]
proximate; (n.) approximation. [AF, = si F dab 3 n.
, Kind of flat-fish. [?]
pres so near (as &c.)] dab 4
, n. (colloq.). Adept (at games &c, do-
eyppess, n. Coniferous tree with hard wood ing). [f. 1690 ; etym. dub.]
and dark foliage : branch of this as symbol of &
da'bble, v.t. i. Wet intermittently, slight-
mourning, [f. OF cipres f. LL cypressus f. Gk ly, or partly, soil, moisten, splash ; move the
k uparissos] feet, hands, bill, about in water ; engage in or
Cyprian, a. n. &
(Inhabitant, native) of at pursuit &c. as a hobby, whence da'bblER *
Cyprus licentious (person), [f. L Cyprius (Cy-
; n. Du. dabbelen & dab *, -le(3)J
[cf.
prus)^ + -an] da'bchick, n. Water-bird, the Little Grebe,
Cyrena'ie, a. n. &
(Philosopher) of the [early forms dap-, dop- perh. cogn. w. dip] ;

hedonistic school of Aristippus of Cyrene. [f. da'bstep, n. = dab 4 = VAUBster. [-ster] ;

L f. Gk Kurenaikos
(Kurene)] da ca'po (dahcah-), mus. direction. Repeat
Cypi'llie, a. C. alphabet, that used by Slav- from the beginning. [It.]
onic peoples of the Eastern Church. [St Cyril, dace, n. Small fresh- water fish. [ME darse
supposed inventor, + -ic] f. OF darz dart *]
cypto- in comb. = Gk kurtos curved, as dachshund (dalrks-hdbnt), n. Short-legged
•meter, instrument measuring curves of chest. breed of dog. [G,= badger-dog]
cyst, n. (BioL) hollow organ, bladder, &c, in daeoi't, n. Member of Indian or Burmese
animal or plant, containing liquid secretion armed robber band. [f. Hind, dakait f. daka
(Path.) sac containing morbid matter, parasitic gang-robbery]
larva, &c. ; cell containing embryos &c. [f. daeoi'ty, n. (Act of) gang-robbery, [f. Hind.
Gk toistis bladder] dakaiti as prec]
cyst-, cysti-, eysto-, in comb. repr. Gk da'ctyl, n. Metrical foot -w. [f L f Gk dak- . .

kustis, kuste, bladder, as cystiform, bladder- tidos finger]

shaped, CystOCELE, -TOMY. daety'lic, a. & n. Of dactyls (noun, usu. pi.
;

cystic, a. Of the urinary bladder of the ; d. verse(s). [f. L f. Gk daktulikos (prec, -ic)]
gall-bladder; of the nature of a cyst. [f. F dad, da (dah), da'da, da'ddy,
nn. (colloq.).
eystique (as cyst, see -ic)] Father (esp. as voc); daddy-longlegs, crane-fly.
-cyte. suf. in biol. wds meaning cell, as leuco- [f.16th c; infantile sound]
cyte. [f. Gk kutos vessel] da'do, n. Cube of pedestal between base &
eyto- in comb. = cell, as -blast, protoplasmic cornice lower fewfeet of room- wall when faced
;

nucleus of a cell, [as prec] with wood or coloured differently from upper
czar, tzar, (z-, ts-), n. Title of Emperor of part. Hence da'dOED 2 a. [It.,=DiE 1 ]
Russia, [f. Russ. ts(is)ari f. L Caesar] dae'dal (de-), a. (poet.). Skilful, inventive;
czarevitch, -wieh, tsap-, (tsar ivitsh, z), mazy manifold, complex,
; mysterious, [f. L f.
n. Son of a czar (not now an official title cf. ; Gk daidalos skilful, variegated]
cesarevitch). [f. Russ. tsarevitsh] Daeda'lian, -ean, a. In the manner of
czape'vna, tsap-, n. Daughter of a czar. Daedalus the Greek artificer intricate laby- ; ;

[Russ.] rinthine, [f. L Daedaleus of Daedalus (cf. Gk

ezari'na, tsap-, (-§-), n. Wife of a czar, daidaleos cunningly wrought) -f- -an]
Russian empress, [f. G czarin f. czar] daff, v.t. (archaic). Put aside, waive, [var.
czari'tza, tsar-, n. Russian form of prec. of doff, preserved by 1 Hen. IV, iv. i. 96]
Czech, -kh, (tshek), n. & a. Bohemian, [f. da'fffodil (also daffbdi'lly, da'ffadown-
Boh. Cech] di'lly, in poetry &c), n. a. Lent Lily, pale- &
yellow-flowered Narcissus ; pale yellow (n. &

D (de), letter
(pi. Ds, Ds, Dees).
D
block, trap, D
a.), [f.
Gk asphodel os]
earlier affodill (d- unexplained)

daft, a. Foolish, reckless, wild, crazy. [OE

f. L f.

valve, shaped like the letter; also D=dee. gedaefte mild, meek, whence also deft orig. ;

(Mus.) second note of natural major scale. sense (cf. Goth, gadaban be fit) fitting, suitable ;
Abbreviations (1) D (half of or CIO), 500,
: M for change of meaning cf. innocent]
as XD 490, MDCLXVI 1666. D., dal in D.S. da'gger, n. Stabbing-weapon with short
(segno)', dat in D.D.D. (dicat, dedicat,=he pointed and edged blade (at dd. drawn, on the
gives, devotes, & dedicates ; also d.d.d.) ; deli- point of fighting, in strained relations, with
rium, D.T. (tremens) ; Deo, D.V. (volente) ; de- person, or abs. ; look, speak, dd., bitterly, so as
 ; ;,

DAGO 206 DAMP

to wound); (Print.), d., double d., = (double) pensation for loss or injury (slang) cost (what 's ;

obelisk, [cf. F dague, & ME dag to pierce] the d. ?). (Vb) injure (usu. thing) so as to di-
da'gro, n. (U.S.). American Spaniard, Portu- minish value detract from reputation of (per- ;

guese, or Italian, [f. Sp. Diego = James] son &c. trying to d. the Government a damag-
; ;

dague'pneotype (-gero-), taken ing admission) hence da'mageABLE a. [f.

n. (Portrait ;

by) early photographic process. [Daguerre 1839 OF damage(r) f. dam loss f. L damnum + -age]
inventor, -o, type] damascene (asen), v.t. damaskeen,
dahabeeyah (dah-ha-), -bi'ah (-be-), n. Ornament (metal) with inlaid gold or silver;
Nile sailing-boat. [Arab., = the golden,orig. sense ornament(steel) with watered pattern produced
gilded barge] in welding, [f. Damascus, -cene thr. L. f. Gk
dah'lia (dal-), n. Mexican composite plant damaskenos, -keen thr. F & It.]
cultivated in Europe for its many-coloured sin- da'mask, n. & a., & v.t. D. rose, old variety
gle & double flowers (blue d., impossibility) brought from Damascus ; its colour ; figured
shade of red. [Dahl 1791 botanist] woven material (prop, of silk) twilled table- ;

dai'ly, a., adv., & n. (Recurring, appearing, linen with woven designs shown by reflection
done) every day or week-day, from day to day, of light steel of or as of Damascus, with wavy
;

constantly, often a d. newspaper (pi. dailies).

; surface-pattern due to special welding of iron
[OE -dxglic (day, -ly : )] & steel together. (Adj.) coloured like d. rose,
dal'mio (-yd), n. Japanese feudal vassal, no- blush-red; made of or resembling the silk, linen,
ble, (hist.). [Jap., f. Chin, dai great, myo name] or steel. (Vb) Weave with figured designs f
dai'nty \ n. Choice morsel, dish, &c, deli- = damascexe ornament with pattern make ; ;

cacy, tit-bit, (lit. & fig.) [f. OF dainti. f. L digni- (cheek &c.) red. [f. It. Damasco f. L Damascus]
tatem (dignus worthy, -ty)] dame, n. (Archaic, poet., or facetious, for)
dai'nty 2,a. Delicate, choice; tasteful, pretty, lady keeper, male or female, of Eton board-
;

of delicate beauty, scrupulously clean ; particu- ing-house (Law prefixed title of) wife of
; ;

lar, nice, of delicate tastes sensibility, fasti- & knight or baronet (Lady in ordinary use cf. ;

dious inclined to luxury. Hence dai'ntiLY 2

; D. Fortune, D. Nature) higher female member ;

adv., dai'ntixESS n. [f.prec] of Primrose League d.-school, elementary kept ;

dair*y, n. Room or building for keeping milk by old lady. [OF, f. L domina mistress]
& cream &
making butter &c. (dairymaid, in damn (dam), v.t. & i, & n. Condemn, censure,
charge of this) ; the milk department in farm- (d. a person's character) ; (Theatr., of audience)
ing ; shop for milk &c. (dairyman, dealer in receive coldly, secure the withdrawal of, (play)
milk &c), cows of a farm. Hence (f. rare vb) bring condemnation upon, be the ruin of doom ;

daiiryiNG 1
n. [f. obs. dey OE dxge maid-ser- to hell (so in optative, often d— = may God ,

vant cogn. w. ddh dough + -ery] d. person or thing, or with object omitted)
dais (das), n. Raised platform, esp. at end of cause the damnation of curse (person or thing, ;

hall for high table, throne, &c, or terrace, [f. or abs.). (N.) an uttered curse; a negligible
OF deis f. L discus disk in LL sense table] amount (don't care, not worth, a d.). [I. OF
dai'sy (-zl), n. Small European wild & gar- damner f. L damnare (damnum loss, harm)]
den flower other plants resembling it, esp. the da'mnable (-mn-), a. Subject to, deserving,
;

larger Ox-eye D.; (slang) first-rate specimen of damnation hateful, confounded, annoying. ;

anything; d. -chain, string of dd. fastened to- Hence da'mnabLY 2 adv. [F, f L damnabilis .

gether ; d.-cutter, horse lifting feet very little, as prec, -able]

ball travelling along ground at cricket. Hence damnation (-mn-), n. & int. Damning of
dai'siED 2 a. [OE dseges iage day's eye] play (condemnation to) eternal punishment in
;

dak, dak. See dawk. hell (int.) = may d. take a person or thing. [F,
;

dale, n. Valley north also in poet,

(esp. in ; f. L damnationem (damn, -atiox)]
use, as hill d.) &
dalesman, inhabitant of dd.
; da'mnatopy (-mn-), a. Conveying, causing,
in north. [OE dxl, com.-Teut. cf. G t(h)al] censure or damnation, [f. L damnatorius
da'lly, v.i. & t. Amuse oneself, make sport; (damnare damn, -ory)]
toy amorously (with or abs.); coquet with temp- (-md), a. & adv. In vbl senses also damned ;

tation &c. be evasive with person or business

; or esp. the d. souls in hell damnable, infernal, ;
: , ;

idle, loiter, delay d. away, consume (time, op- unwelcome confoundedly, extremely, (d. or
;

portunity) to no purpose. Hence da'lliAXCE n. d d hot, funny, &c). [-ED 1 ] — ;

[f. OF dalier chat] da'mnify (-mn-), v.t. (legal). Cause injury

Dalmatian (-ashn), n. (Also D. dog) spotted to. Hence damniFiCA'Tioxn. [f OF damni- .

dog kept to run with carriage. [Dalmatia, -ax] fier f. L damnificare (damnum loss, -FY)]
dalma'tic, n. Wide-sleeved loose long vest- da'mningr 1 (-mi-), n. In vbl senses; esp.,
ment with slit sides worn by deacons & bishops cursing. [-ING x ]
on some occasions. & by kings & emperors esp. da'mning 2 (-mn-, -mi-), a. In vbl senses; esp.
at coronation, [f. F dalmatique t. L dalmatica d. evidence, that secures conviction, [-ixg 2 ]
(vestis robe) of Dalmatia] damno'sa her&'ditas, n. Inheritance that
dal segno (sa nyo), mus. direction (abbr. brings more burden than profit. [L]
-

D.S.). Repeat from point indicated. [It.] Da'mocles, n. Sword of D., imminent dan-
da'ltonism (dawl-), n. Colour-blindness, esp. ger in midst of prosperity. [Greek who was
inability to distinguish green from red. [f. F feasted with sword hung by a hair over him]
daltonisme f. John Dalton, Eng. chemist so Da'mon Py'thias, n. & a. (As of) de- &
affected, d. 1844, -ism(2)] voted friends (D.-&-P. friendship). [Gk tale]
dam J
, n., & v.t. Barrier constructed to hold damp, n.. a.,& v.t. &i. = choke 1 -*?. (also black
back water & raise its level, to form a reservoir, d.); =FiRE ] -d. ; moisture in air, on surface,
or to prevent flooding causeway water con- or diffused through solid dejection, chill, dis-
; ; ;

fined by d. (Vb) furnish or confine with d. couragement, (cast or strike a d. over or into) ;

(usu. up) block up, obstruct, (lit. & fig.). [com.- d.(-proof) course, layer of slate &c. in wall to
;

Teut., cf. Du. dam, G damm] keep d. from rising ; hence dainp-PROOF a.
dam 2 , n. Mother (usu. of beast), [var. dame] (Adj.) slightly wet hence da'mpEX 6 v.t. i. ; &
da 'mage (-lj), n., & v.t. Harm (to one's great (chiefly U.S.), da*mpisH 1 (2) a., da'mpLY 9
d.),injury impairing value or usefulness (Law; ; adv., da'mpxEss n. (Vb) stifle, choke, dull,
pL) sum of money claimed or adjudged in com- extinguish, (d. down a fire, heap with ashes &c.
 ;
;
; ;
,;

DAMPER 207 DARK

to check combustion) (Mus.) stop vibration ;
da'ngle, v.i. & t. Be suspended & sway to &
of (string) discourage, depress, (zeal, hopes)
; fro hold or carry (thing) swaying loosely ; hold
;

moisten (Gardening) d. off rot

; fall off from & (hopes &c.) as temptation before person, in his
d. [vb f. adj. f. noun ; cf. Du. & Da. damp, G sight, &c. hover after, round, about, person as
;

damp/, vapour] a follower, lover, &c, whence da'nglER 1 n.

da'mper, n. Person or thing that depresses [etym. dub. cf. Da. dangle} ;

(Piano) pad silencing string except when re- Da/niel, n. Upright judge, person of infallible
moved by loud pedal or by note's being struck wisdom. [Dan. i-vi, & Merchant of Venice, iv.
metal plate in flue controlling combustion con- ; i. 223, 333]
trivance for wetting paper, stamps, &c. [-er l ] Da'nish,& n. (Language) of Denmark or
a.
da'msel (-zl), n. (archaic & literary), \ oung the Danes. [OE Denisc (-ish l )]
unmarried woman, [f. OF dameisele f. med.L dank, Soaked, oozy unpleasantly or un-
a. ;

domnicella dim. of L domina mistress] wholesomely damp (of air, weather, &c). [cf.
da*mson(-zn),n. &a. Small dark-purple plum Sw. dank marshy spot]
(d. plum, larger but similar) tree bearing it ; Dante'an, a. & n. (Student) of Dante ; in
d.-cheese, solid conserve of dd. & sugar; (adj.) Dante's style or recalling his descriptions. So
d. -coloured. [ME damascene f. L damascenum DantE'SQUE a., Da*ntiST(3) n. [-an]
(prunum plum) of Damascus] dap, v.i. & t., & n. Fish by letting bait bob on
dance l
, v.i. & t. Move with rhythmical steps, water ; dip lightly make (ball) bounce, (of ball) ;

glides, leaps, revolutions, gestures, &c, usu. to bounce, on ground; (n.) bounce of ball. [cf.DAB 1 ]
music, alone or with a partner or set (d. to one's da'phne, n. Kinds of flowering shrub. [Gk
tune or pipe, follow his lead) ; jump about, skip, = laurel] (-e),
move in lively way (of heart, blood, &c.) ; bob da'pper, a. Neat, smart, in appearance or
up and down on water &c. (d. upon nothing, be movement, [cf. Du. dapper, G tapfer, valiant]
hanged) perform (minuet, waltz, &c.) a. at-
; ; da* p pie, v.t. & i., & n. Variegate, become
tendance (upon person), be kept waiting (by), variegated, with rounded spots or patches of
follow about; cause tod. (bears &c); toss up colour or shade. (N.) dappled effect; d.-grey,
& down, dandle, (baby) ; d. away, off, into, &c, (horse) of grey with darker spots, [perh. = Icel.
lose, bring, &c, by dancing (his head off, his depill spot dim. of dapi pool but G apfelgrau, ;

chance aicay, herself into favour). [f. OF F gris-pommeU, & other parallels, suggest some
dancer, -ser, perh. f. OHG danson stretch out] connexion with apple]
dance 2, n. Dancing motion (see prec. some ) ;
dap'bies, n. pi. (slang). Handcuffs. [?]
special form of this single round or turn of one; Dar'by 6c Joan(jOn),n. Devoted old married
tune for dancing to, or in d. rhythm dancing- ; couple, [perh. f poem 1735 in Gentleman's Mag.]
.

party lead (person) a d., entangle him in use-

; dare, v.t. (before expressed or implied infin.
less pursuit or toil D. of Death or of Macabre,
; without to, the 3 sing. pres. is usu. dare, the
medieval picture-subject of Death leading all &
past conditional often durst; otherwise dares,
ranks to grave St Vitus's dance, disorder
; dared ; infin. without to is usual only after the
chiefly in children with convulsive involuntary sense venture in negative or virtually negative
movements, [f. prec] sentence). Venture (to), have the courage or
da'neer, n. In vbl senses esp. one who ; : impudence (to), (Id. sivear; d. he doit?; he
dances in public for money merry dd., aurora ; dares to insult me ; I would if I durst or dared ;
borealis. [-er 1 ] they dared or durst not come, did not d. to
da*ndeli*on, n. Yellow-flowered composite come) ; attempt, take the risks of, (d. all things,
plant with widely toothed leaves, [f. F dent de a leap, the event, person's anger) ; defy (person)
lion lion's tooth] challenge (person) to do, to it, Sec. ; / dare say
da'nder, n. (colloq., esp. U.S.). Temper, (rare exc. in 1st person ; 3rd sing, in reported
anger, indignation, (get one's d. up, grow, speech, he dares to say, past he dared say or to
make him, angry). [?J say), am prepared to believe, do not deny, = very
da'ndle, v.t. Dance (child) on knee or in likely (often iron.) ; d.-devil, reckless (person).
arms ; pet. [cf. It. dandolare (dandola doll)] [OE durran f. Aryan dhers- cf. Gk tharseo be
da'ndr uff, -iff, n. Dead skin in small scales bold the pres. (cf. can) is an old past, whence
;

among the hair, scurf, [also dander ending ; dare_ as 3rd sing.]
perh. Yorksh. hurf f. Icel. hrufa scab] dar'ing" \ n. In vbl senses ; esp., adventurous
&
da*ndy *, n. a. (Person) devoted to smart- courage, [-ing j
]
ness esp. of costume, neat, smart, decorated, dapungf 2, a. In vbl senses; esp.,adventurous,
whence dandi'ACAL a., da'ndiFV v.t., dan- bold. Hence dap'ing-LY 2 adv. [-ing 2]
da'ndyiSH 1 a., da*ndyiSM(2)
diFiCA'TioNn., dark J
, With no
or relatively little light,
a.
n. sloop with special rig (also d.-cart) spring-
; ;
unilluminated lantern, that can have its(d.
cart used by milkmen ; d.-brush, of whalebone light covered), gloomy, sombre of colour more ;

&c. for cleaning horse. [1780 in Scotland, where or less near black (esp. as pref. to adjj. of colour
Dandy also stands for Andrew] as d.-brown) brown-complexioned, not fair;
;

da*ndy 2, n. = dengue, [negro corrupt, of evil, atrocious cheerless (d. side of things)
;

dengue, perh. w. assim. to prec. w. ref. to stiff sad, sullen (a d. humour), frowning ; obscure
attitude caused by pain] (d. saying, d. oblivion) secret (keep thing d. ;

Dane, n. Native of Denmark (Hist.) North- ;

keep d.., remain in hiding) little known of ;

man invader of England (also Great D. power- ; ) (d. horse, unexpected winner of race, & fig. of
ful short-haired breed of dog. [f. Da. Daner f. persons) unenlightened (in the darkest igno-
;

OTeut. Daniz pi.] rance the d. ages, Middle Ages) the D. Con-
; ;

da'nger, Liability or exposure to harm,

n. tinent (in last two senses), Africa d.-room, with ;

risk, peril, (of one's life, of death or other evil); actinic rays excluded for treating photographic
position of railway signal directing stoppage or plates.Hence dap'kiSH * (2) a. dap*kL y 2 ad v. ,

caution (signal is at d.) ; thing that causes peril dap'kNESS n. (Prince of darkness, the Devil).
(a d. to the peace of Europe, to navigation). So [OE deorc as adj. exclusively E, but cf. OHG
;

da'ngerous a., da'ngerousiY 2 adv. [ear- tarchanjan to hide]

lier sense power (within his d. = at his mercy), dark-, n. Absence of light (esp. in the d.)
f. OF dangler f . LL * dominiarium (L dominium nightfall (atd.) ; d. colour (esp. in art, the lights
f. dominus lord, -ary 1
)] and dd. of a picture) ; want of knowledge (am
 ; ;

DARKEN 208 DAWN

in the d. to which antiquities &c. belong person's age,
about it leap in the d., rash step or en-
;
;

terprise).Hence dap'ksoME a. (poet.), [f.prec.] duration, term of life, (archaic or poet. (go) out ) ;

dap'ken, v.t. & i. Make or become dark ofd. become) obsolete up to d. (f book-keeping 1
; , 1 ; .

d. one's door, pay him a visit (usu. neg.) d. phr. for accounts completed to current day, now ;

counsel, make perplexity worse, [-en 6 J as slang adj. & adv. ), meeting, according to, the
dap'kle,v.i. Lie concealed; grow dark. [mod. latest requirements or knowledge; d.-hne, me-
back-formation f. foil, misunderstood as part. J ridian 180° from Greenwich, east Scwestof which
dap'kling-, adv. & a. In the dark, [-ling 2] the d. differs. [F, f. L data fern. p.p. of dare =
dap*k(e)y, n. (colloq. ). Negro. [-Y 3 ] (letter) given (at such a time & place)]
dap'lingr, n. & a. Loved, best loved, lovable, date 3 v.t. &i. Mark (letter &c.) with d. (dated
,

(person or animal). [OE deorling (dear, -ling l )\ from London), whence da*tER (2) n. refer 1
;

dam 1
, v.t., & n. Mend (esp. knitting) by (event) to a time ; count time, reckon, (dating
from the Creation) bear d., be dated ; have
interweaving yarn with needle across hole, ;

whence dap'niNG^o) n. ; darning-ball, -last, origin from (church dates from the lhth c).
for stretching work during operation ; (n.) place Hence da'tABLE a. [f. prec]
so mended, [perh. f. obs. vb adj. hide, & dem da'teless, a. Undated endless immemorial. ; ;

hidden, = OHG
tarnan hide] [f. DATE 2 3 -LESS] >
,

darn , v.t. (slang). Damn (as imprecation),

2 da'tive, a. &
n. D. case or d., the case in
[deformation of damn] nouns, pronouns, &
adjj., proper to the remoter
dar'nel (-nl), n. Kind of grass growing as object or recipient. So dati'VAL a., da*tive-
weed among corn. [cf. Walloon darnelle] ly 2 adv. [f. L datixnis (dare dot- give, -ive)]
dart, n., & v.t. & i. Pointed missile, esp. datum, n. (pi. -ta). Thing known or granted,
light javelin sting of insect &c. ; sudden rapid
; assumption or premiss from which inferences
motion act of throwing missile. (Vb) throw
; may be_ drawn. [L, neut. p.p. of dare give]
(missile), throw missile ; emit suddenly (glance, datup'a, n. Kinds of poisonous plant, in-
flash, anger) ; start rapidly in some direction. cluding stramonium, yielding strong narcotic,
[OF. accus. of darz cf. dace] [f. Hind, dhatura]
dan*ten, n. In vbl senses : also : web-footed daub, v.t. i., & &
n. Coat (wall &c.) with plas-
bird of pelican tribe ; (pi.) order of birds includ- ter, clay, &c. (n., the material) ; smear (surface
&
ing kingfishers bee-eaters ; kinds of fish, [-er 1 ] n., a smear), lay on (greasy or sticky stuff) ; soil,
dap*tle, v.t. i. &
Keep on darting, [-le (3)] stain ;
paint (t. & i.) inartistically, lay (colours)
dap*tre (-ter), n. Kinds of skin disease, esp. on so, (n., a coarse painting), whence dau'bER 1 ,
herpes. So dap'tpous a. [F, etym. dub.] dau'bsTER, nn., dau'bY 2 a. [f. OF dauber f.
Darwinian, a. n. Of, person believing in, & L DK(albare f.albus white) whitewash]
Charles Darwin or his doctrines esp. on evolu- daughter, n. One's female child female ;

tion of species. So Dap*winiSM(3) n., Dar'- descendant, female member of family, race,
winiST(2) n. & a., Dapwini*stic a., Dap*- &c. ; woman who is the spiritual or intellectual
winiTE Ml) n. & a., Dap*winiZE(2, 4) v.t. & i. product of person or thing product personified ;

dash v.t. & Shatter to pieces (rarely abs.,

1
, i. as female (Carthage d. of Tyre Fortune and ;

&sflowers dashed by rain) knock, drive, throw,
or thrust, away, off, out, doivn, &c. fling, drive,
splash, (thing or person) against, upon, into
bespatter with water &c. (d.-board, of wood or
leather in front of vehicle to keep out mud
dashed with colour) dilute, qualify, (water
urith spirit, joy with pain); frustrate (d. one's
hopes), daunt, discourage, confound write
down or throw otffrapidly (composition, sketch);
underline; (slang) -damn as mild imprecation;
fall, move, throw oneself, with violence come
into collision against, upon ride, run, or drive
up, move about, behave, with spirit or display,
whence da'shixG 2 a., da'shingxv 2 a d v# [cf.
Sw. daska drub; but perh. imit., cf. clash,
crash, &c. imprecatory use perh. f. use of
; being accepted as French heir-apparent's title]
dashes in d—
d—d, cf. blank 2 ,
dash 2 Sound of water striking or struck
. n.
splash of colour; infusion (d. of brandy of good
blood) hasty pen-stroke horizontal stroke in
; ;
; its d. Confidence; d.-language, as French of
; Latin) ; d.-in-laiv, son's wife, (loosely) step-d.
; Hence daug-h'tePHOOD n., dauglrtePLY 1
a.
[Aryan Du. dochter, G tochter, Gk
; OE dohtor,
;
thugater. cf. Skr. duh- to milk]
; daunt, v.t. Discourage, intimidate; press (her-
rings) down in barrel, [f. OF danter (now domp-
; ter) f. L domitare frequent, of domare tame]
dau*ntless,a. Intrepid, persevering. Hence
dau*ntlessLY 2 adv., dau'ntlessNESs n.
; [perh. f. obs. daunt a check f. prec. + -less]
; dau'phin, dau'phiness, nn. (Wife of)
King of France's eldest son. [family name (f. L
delphinus dolphin) of lords of Dauphin^, last
of whom ceded it on condition of dauphin's
] da'venpopt, n. Escritoire with drawers &
hinged writing-slab. [prob. maker's name]
, da/vit, n. Crane at ship's bow for hoisting
anchor clear of side one of pair of cranes for ;

writing or printing to mark a break in sense, a suspending or lowering ship's boat, [formerly
parenthesis (two dd.), omitted letters or words, also david prob. f. the male name ; cf. jemmy)
&c. ; rush, onset, sudden advance (capacity for) ; Da*vy (lamp), n. Miner's wire-gauze safety
vigorous action ; showy appearance or behavi- lamp. [Sir H. D., inventor]
our (cut a d., make a brilliant show), [f. prec] da'vy, n. (slang). Take one's d., swear (that,
da'sher, n. In vbl senses esp., contrivance ; to fact), [short for affidavit]
for agitating cream in churn, [-er 1 ] Davy Jones's loekep, n. The deep, a
da'stard, n. Coward, skulker, esp. one who watery grave (in the sea). [?]
commits brutal act without endangering him- daw, n. = jackdaw, [cf. OHG t dh a, Gdohle]
self. Hence da'stapdLY 1 a., d a* standi i- dawdle, v.i. & t., & n. Idle, dally d. away ;

Ness n. [prob. f. dazed p.p. + -ard] (time &c), waste hence dawdlER 1 n. (N.) ;

data. See datum. dawdling person, [cf. dodder 2 & dial, daddle ,

date n. W.-Asiat. & N.-Afr. tree (also totter as baby -le(3)]

1
, ;

d.-palm), or its fruit, an oblong single-stoned dawk, dak, n. (Anglo-Ind.). Post or trans-
drupe. [OF, f. L f. Gk daktulos finger] port by relays of men or horses relay ; d. bun- ;

date 2
, n. Statement in document, letter, galow, house for travellers at d. station. [Hind.}
book, or inscription, of the time (& often place) dawn, v.i., & n. Begin to appear or grow
of execution, writing, publication, &c. time ; light (of day, day-light, morning, country shone
at which thing happens or is to happen period ; upon, things becoming evident to mind, intelli-
 ;; ;

DAY 209 DEADLY

gence, civilization, &c); first daivnings Sec,
beginning; dawning, the East; (n.) first light,
daybreak, rise or incipient gleam of anything,
[back-formation f. dawning prob. f. ON which
displaced dawing vbl n. f. obs. daw OE dagian
become day]
day, n. Time while sun
(loosely) including twilights {d. night, adv.,
throughout these or in both alike all d., all
the d., adv., throughout it d.-break, break of
d., dawn d.-dream, -ing, -er, reverie or castle
; bishop
deprecate), completely (declare, denude), un-
(in L oftener dis-, but also de-, which is now a
living pref. in this sense, as decentralize ; many
such E wds in de- are also f. F in di-, which re-
presents L dis-, OF Rom. des-, as well as L &
de-), twice over or doubly (in chem. bot. wds &
is above horizon, as decomposite, decompound ; a LL use).
& deacon (de'kn), n. (Primitive Church) ap-
; pointed minister of charity (Acts vi, 1-6) ; (Epi-
; scopal) member of third order of ministry below
&
priest (Presbyterian) officer attend-
;

in air, indulgence, indulger, in them) dawn ; ing to congregation's secular affairs. Hence
(before, at, d.); daylight (by d.; teas broad d.; dea'eonsHip n. [f. L f. Gk diakonos servant]
clear as d.); twenty-four hours (solar or astro- dea'coness, n. Woman in primitive & some
nomical d., from noon civil d., from midnight
; modern Churches with functions analogous to
sidereal d., between two meridional transits of deacon's, [-ess *]
first point of Aries, about 4' shorter than solar dead (ded), a., n., & adv. That has ceased to
natural d.,= sidereal, also in first sense above) live (the d., noun, d. person or persons, or all
civil d. as point of time, date, &c. (one d., adv., who have ever died from the d., from among ;

on an unspecified date past or future the other these d.-house, mortuary d.-march, funeral
; ; ;

d., on a d. not long ago one of these dd. or fine music d. office, funeral service d. as a door-
; ; ;

dd., before long, in prophecy or promise some nail, quite d. d. <£• gone wait for d. men's ; ; ;

d., adv., in the future d. of grace) date of shoejj

; flog d. horse d. men, empty bottles ;
; ; ;

specified festival &c. (first d., Sunday Christ- d. man's finger, hand, thumb, kinds of orchid);
;

mas d., birthd., pay-d., last D. or D. of judg- benumbed, insensible, (of hands &c; also d. to,
ment); date agreed upon (keep one's d., be unconscious or unappreciative of, hardened
punctual one's d., for being at home to guests, against) without spiritual life obsolete, past,
; ; ;

esp. once a week) victory (carry, win, lose, the not effective, (d. language, e.g. ancient Gk d.
;
;

d.);
period (often pi., in the dd. of, the dd. of letter, law no longer observed, unclaimed or
old, in dd. to come, men of other dd. better dd., undeliverable letter at post office) inanimate
; ;

when one was or will be better off; fallen on (d. fence, of timber &c, opp. quickset; d.
evil dd., in misfortune; sing., at, to, this d.; matter); extinct, dull, lustreless, without force,
present-d., adj. = modern the d., the current d., muffled, (d. brand, coal d. gold, unburnished;
; ;

sufficient for the d. is the evil thereof do not d. colour, first layer in picture, cold & pale d.-
', ;

anticipate trouble; men of the d., persons of nettle, non-stinging weed like nettle d.-alive t ;

importance at any time) one's d., lifetime, spiritless d. sound, not resonant) inactive,
; ; ;

period of prosperity, activity, power, &c, (also motionless, idle, (D. Sea d. point or d. centre, ;

pi. end one's dd., die every dog has his d., no least & greatest extension of piston or crank,
;

one always unlucky) this d. week, month, where it exerts no effective power d. weight,
; ;

year, reckoning forward or back from today inert, of lifeless matter, also fig. of debt &c; d.
;

d. about, on alternate dd.; d. by d., d. after d., pull, lift, at thing too heavy for one to move
from d. to d., every d., advv. of daily repetition d. freight, sum paid in chartering ship for part
or progress twice &c. a d.,in each d. (see a 2
; not occupied by cargo d. arch, window, &c, ) ; ;

knoxo the time of d., be wide awake, knowing sham d. hours, still, in night d. season d. ; ; ;

the d. before, after, the fair, advv., too early, stock, unemployed capital, unsalable goods
late, for opportunity. D.-boarder, schoolboy d. ball, out of play wind falls d.; as noun,= ;

feeding but not sleeping at school d.-book in d. time, at d. of night, in the d. of winter) ;
;

bookkeeping, book in which esp. sale trans- abrupt, complete, unrelieved, exact, (come to d.
actions are entered at once for later transfer to stop a d. faint on a d. level d. heat, exact ; ; ;

ledger d.-boy, schoolboy boarding at home

; equality in race a d. calm d. loss, without ; ;

d.-fly, ephemerid d.-labourer, hired by d. compensation be in d. earnest a d. certainty ;

; ; ;

at fixed wage d.-long, a.

; adv., (lasting) for
whole d.; d.-owl, Hawk-owl hunting by day;
d.-room, used by d. only, esp. common living-
room at schools ; d.-school, opp. Sunday, even-
& d. on
the target, quite straight, so d. shot, un-
erring; d.-lock, utter standstill); d.-eye (naut.),
round flat three-holed block for extending
shrouds d.-fire, St Elmo's fire, as presaging
;

ing, or boarding school ; d.-spring, dawn (poet.); death d.-head, non-paying theatre-goer or
;

d.-ticket, covering return on same d.; d.-time, passenger d.-light (naut.), shutter protecting
;

not night, esp. in the d.-time. [OE daeg, com.- cabin-window or porthole in storm d.-reckon- ;

Teut. cf. Du. dag. G

tag not cogn. w. L dies]
; ing (naut.), of ship's position by log, compass,
day'liglit, n. Light of day (burn 2 d.}; open- &c, when observations are impossible D.-Sea ;

ness, publicity ; let d. into (slang), stab or shoot; apple hence dea'dNESS n. (Adv.) profound-
;

dawn (before, ait, d.); visible interval as between ly, absolutely, completely, (d. asleep, tired,
boats in race, wine &
glass-rim (no d., fill up), drunk ; d.-beat, tired out ; CUT 2 d.; d. against,
or rider &saddle. directly opposite to). [OE d^ad, com.-Teut. cf.
daze, v.t., & n. Stupefy, bewilder dazzle : ; Du. dood, G tot, f. OTeut. daudoz p.p. of vb st.
hence da'zedLY 2 adv. (N.) stupefaction, be- daw- die 2 ]
wilderment. [ME dasen cf. Icel. dasask refl. deaden (de*dn), v.t. i. Deprive of or lose &
vb become weary] vitality, force, brightness, feeling, &c. ; make
da'zzle, v.t., &n. Confuse or dim (sight) with insensible to. [-en 6
]
excess of light, intricate motion, incalculable dea'dly l Causing fatal injury of
(ded-), a. ;

number, &c; confound or siirprise (mind) by poisonous nature (D. Nightshade) entailing ;

brilliant display lit. or fig. hence da'zzle- ; damnation (d. sin); implacable, internecine;
ment n., da'zzling-LY 2 adv. (N.) glitter, [f. deathlike (d. paleness, faintness, gloom); in-
prec. + -le(3)] tense {in d. haste d. dullness). Hence dea'd- ;

de-, pref. From L de (prep. &) pref. =down Hness n. [OE deadlic (dead, -ly *)]
{depend), away (defend, orig. fend off, deduce, dea'dly 2 (ded-), adv. As if dead (d. white,
For compounds of de- not given consult de-.
 ; ;;

DEAF 210 debenture:

faint) ; extremely Dying (die 2 the d. d.-bed,
(d. tired, dull).
#
[ OE d6adlice death (deth), n. ;

{DEAD, -LY 2 )J d.-rattle, sound in dying on which one dies ;

deaf (def a. Wholly or partly without hear- person's throat d.-watch, kinds of insect whose
), ;

ing (the d., d. people a. as adder or post none ticking portends d.) end of life (civil d., ceasing
; ; ;

so d. as those that won't hear) insensible to to count as citizen by outlawry, banishment,

;

harmony, rhythm, &c. not giving ear to, un- &c; catch one's d., i.e. fatal chill &c. d.-duties,
; ;

compliant, (turn a d. ear to) d. nut, with no tax levied before property passes to heir d.-
; ;

kernel d. &-dumb alphabet, language, &c,

; rate, yearly number of dd. to 1000 of population
signs for communication by the d. d.-mute, ; d.-trap, unwholesome or dangerous place) ; be-
d.& dumb person. Hence dea'fLY 2 adv., ing killed or killing (field ofd., battlefield &c;
dea*fNESS n. [OE diaf, com.-Teut. cf. Du. doof, be the d. of, kill ; do, put, stone, &c, to d. ; war
G taub, also Gk tuphlos blind] to the d., d.-feud, till one kills or is killed ; it is,
deafen (de'fn), v.t. Deprive of hearing by we make it, d. to, d. is the penalty; be in at the d.,
noise make (sound) inaudible by louder one see fox killed, or fig. any enterprise ended be
; ; ;

make (floor &c.) impervious to sound, [-en 6 d. on slang, skilful at killing game &c, or fig. at ]

deal *, n. A great, pood, d., large, consider- doing anything sick unto, tired to, d.,io utmost
;

able, amount (slang) ad,=a great d. (same

; ; limit; d.-adder, kinds of venomous snake d.- ;

phrases used adv.) to a large, considerable, blow, mortal, lit. & fig. d.-warrant, for crimi- ;

extent, (esp. with comparative or superl.) by nal's execution, abolition of custom &c) ; ceas-
much, considerably. [OE dsel, com.-Teut. cf. ing to be, annihilation, personified power that
G teil part also cogn. w. dole]
; annihilates, (at d.'s door, soon to die d.'s-head, ;

deal 2 (dealt pr. delt),

, v.t. n.& Distri- i. & skull as emblem of mortality, also kind of moth
bute, give out, (gifts &c.) among several ; de- with skull marked on back sure, pale, as d. ; ;

liver as his share or deserts to person (esp. of hold on like grim d. d. on rats, good rat-killer, ;

Providence &c. dealt him happiness, good of dogs death !, archaic imprecation) being
; ; ;

measure; of persons, esp. d. a blow, abs. or with dead (d.-mask, cast taken of dead person's face ;

at, lit. & fig.) distribute cards to players for a eyes closed in d.) want of spiritual life Black
; ; ;

game or round (n., such distribution, player's 1)., (mod. name.transl. f. G, for) great pestilence
turn for it, as my d., or round played after it), of Oriental Plague in Europe in 14th c Hence
give (card, hand, &c.) to player associate with dea'thLESS a., dea'thlessLY 2 adv., death -
;

(esp. neg. as refuse to d. with) do business with lessNESS n., deathLiKE a. & adv., death-
;

person, in goods (n., slang, a bargain or transac- ly 1 a.& adv., death ward(s) a. & adv. [OE
tion also dishonest job) occupy oneself, grap- dtath, com.-Teut. cf. Du. dood, G tod, f. vb st.
; ;

ple by way of discussion or refutation, take dau- die 2 -th cogn. w. L p.p. -tus] ,

measures, with (with adv.) behave (d. honour- ; d6b6.dc (F), n. Break-up of ice in river
ably, crueHy, esp. with or by person). Hence (Geol.) sudden rush of water carrying along
dea'liNG (l) n. [OE dxlan as prec. J
1
blocks of stone and other debris confused ;

deal 3, n. Piece of sawn fir or pine wood over rush, rout, stampede.
7 in. broad & 6 ft long, & not over 3 in. thick a debap*, v.t. (-rr-). Exclude from admission ;

quantity of these fir or pine wood. [cogn. w. or right (also d. person the crown &c.) (rare)
;
;

OE thille thill, but f. LG cf. Du. deel, G diele] prevent, bar, (entrance &c). [f. 1430; F de"-
dea'ler, n. In vbl senses esp.: player dealing barrer, OF desbarer, LL debarrare, have al-
;

at cards trader, usu. in comb, as corn-d. [-er ] most contrary sense unbar cf. de- in defend]
;
]
;

deambulation, n., dea'mbulatory, a. debap'k, v.t. & - disembark. Hence de- i.

Walking, [f. L deambulatio, deambulatorius, barkA'TiON n. [f. F dibarquer (de-, bark 3 )]
f. T>E(ambulare walk), -ation, -ory] deba'se, v.t. Lower in quality, value, or
dean 1
, n. Head of cathedral or collegiate- character adulterate (coin).
; Hence deba'se-
church chapter (also rural d.) clergyman in- ment n. [de- + obs. base for abaseI
;

vested with jurisdiction or precedence over debatable, a. Questionable, subject to dis-

division of archdeaconry (colleges) resident pute, (d. ground lit. or fig., for which parties
;

fellow, or one of several, with disciplinary & contend, borderland). [OF (foil., -a.ble)J
other functions; (foreign, Scotch, & modern debate, v.t. i., &
n. Contest, fight for, &
universities) president of a faculty = doyen. ; (long debated the victory) ; dispute about, dis-
[earlier sense one set over ten monks f. L (Vul- cuss, (a question) hold argument, esp. in Par-
;

gate &c.) decanus prob. f. decern ten] liament or public meeting (debating-society, for
dean dene, n. 2
, (esp. in names ending Vale & gractice) consider, ponder, (t.
; i.) ; hence de-
in -dean, -dene, -den). [OE denu, cogn. w. den] iatER J n. (N.) controversy, discussion, public
dea'nepy, dean group argument, [f. OF debatre & 13th-c. F debat (DE-.
n. Office, house, of ;

of parishes presided over by rural dean, [-ery] Rom. battere fight)]

dear, a., n., adv., & int. Beloved (often as debauch (-tsh), v.t., & n. Pervert from virtue
merely polite or even ironical form in talk, esp. or morality make intemperate or sensual se- ; ;

my d. sir, my d. Joyies, & now used at beginning duce (woman) vitiate (taste, judgment) hence ; ;

of most letters not intended to be markedly debau'ch able a. (N. bout or habit of sensual )

business-like; as noun, d. or dearest, esp. in indulgence hence debau*chERY(4) n. [f. F ;

voc, = d. one a d., esp. in coaxing formulae)

; d6baucher entice from a master (de-, perh.
precious to one's cherished (for d. life, as
; bauche workshop)]
though life were at stake) ; high-priced, costly, debauchee (deboshe*), n. Viciously sensual
(as adv., sell, buy, pay, d. ; d. year, shop, in person,[f. F de'ba.uche' p.p. see prec, -ee]
which prices run high) ; hence dear'LY 2 adv., debenture (-tsher), n. (Archaic or techn.)
deap'NESS n. (Int.) dear, dear!, dear me!, voucher given to person supplying goods to
oh de+r!, expressing surprise, distress, sym- Royal Household or Government Office, en-
pathy, &c. [OE dtore, com.-Teut. cf. Du. dier titling him to payment, Custom-House certi-
loved, diner costly, G teuer] ficate to exporter of amount due to him as
dearth (der-), n. Scarcity & dearness of food drawback or bounty. (Ord. sense) sealed bond
scanty supply of. [ME derthe (prec, -th j )] of corporation or company acknowledging sum
deap*y, -ie, n. (usu. voc). J)ear one. [-Y 3] on which interest is due till principal is repaid,
For compounds of de- not given consult de-.
 ;;;; ;;

DEBILITATE 211 DECENT

esp. fixed interest constituting prior charge on ten days), DEC(amero?ie wrong form f. Gk
[f. It.

assets d.-stock, dd. consolidated or created as

;
-aemeron in hexaemeron neut. adj. of six days]
stock whose nominal capital represents debt of deca'mp, v.i. Break up or leave camp go ;

which interest only is secured as perpetual an- away suddenly, take oneself off, abscond. So
nuity, [perh. (w. assim. to -ure) = L debentur deca*mp>iENT n. [f. Ydeeamper (de-.camp 1 )]
are due, as initial word of voucher] deca'nal, a. Of dean, deanery, or south side,
debi'litate, v.t. Enfeeble (constitution &c). on which dean sits, of choir, [f. L decanus
[f. L debilitare, see foil., -ate ]
3 dean + -al]
debi'lity, n. Feebleness (of health, puBpose, deca'ni, mus. direction. To be sung by de-
&c). [f. F dibiliti f. L debilitatem (debilis canal side in antiphonal singing (cf. cantoris).
WAftk -TV \ I [L genit. as prec]
de'bit, n., v.t. Entry in account of sum
& deca'nt, v.t. Pour off (liquid of solution) by
owing side of account (left-hand) in which
;
gradual inclination of vessel withoutdisturbing
these entries are made (cf credit). ( Vb) charge . sediment; pour (wine) similarly from bottle into
(person) with sum; enter (sum) against or to decanter, [f. F decanter f. med. L DE(canthare
person, [f. L debitum debt] f. L f. Gk kanthos cant * used of lip of beaker)]

de'bonaip*, a. (archaic). Genial, pleasant, deca'n ten, n. Stoppered glass bottle inwhich
unembarrassed, [f. OF debonaire = de bonne wine or spirit is brought to table, [-er x ]
aire of good disposition] deca'pitate, v.t. Behead (esp. as legal
debo'shed, (Archaic for) debauched.
a. punishment) ; cut the head or end from. So
debouch (dlboo'sh), v.i. Issue from ravine, deca'pitABLE a., decapitA'TioN n. [f. F
wood, &c, into open ground (of troops also of ; dicapiter f. LL T>E.(capitare f. caput -itis head)]
stream). SodeboirchMENTn. [f. F diboucher de'capod, n. Ten-footed crustacean, [f. F
(L dis- see de- + F bouche mouth)] dtcapode f. Gk deca(^ous -podos foot)]
debris, de"-, (de'bre), n. Scattered frag- decap'bonize, v.t. Deprive of its carbon or
ments, wreckage, drifted accumulation. [F carbonic acid, [de-]
(d6-), f. obs. dibriser break down] decasylla'bic, a. & n., decasy 'liable, n.
debt (det), n. Money, goods, or service, owing & a. (Line) of ten syllables, [deca-]
(d. of honour, not legally recoverable, esp. of decatho'licize, v.t. Divest of its catholic
sum lost in gambling d. of nature, death ; character, [de-]
National D., sum owed by State to persons who decay* 1 , v.i. & t. Deteriorate, lose quality,
have advanced money to it funded d. the part ; , decline in power, wealth, energy, beauty, &c.
of this converted into fund of which interest rot (t. & i. cause to deteriorate. If. OF decair
) ;

only is to be paid floating d., part of it repay-

;
f. Rom. DK(cadere for L cadere fall)]
able on demand, or at stated time small d., of ; decay 2 ,n. Decline, falling off; ruinous state,
limited amount recoverable in County Court) wasting away (phonetic d., wearing down of
being under obligation to pay something (in, word-forms) break-up of health decomposi-
; ;

out of, get into, d.or person's d.). [ME & OF tion rotten tissue (remove the d.). [f. prec]
;

dette f. L debitum neut. p.p. of debere owe] decea'se (-es), n., & v.i. (Esp. in legal and
deb'top, n. One who owes money or an obliga- formal use for) death, die, depart(ure) from life.
tion or duty (Book-keeping) Debtor, Dr, head- Hence decea*SED 1 (2) a. and n. [f. F dices f.
;

ing of left-hand or debit side of account. [ME L DE(cessws n. cedere cess- go)] f.

& OF dettour f. L debitorem (prec., -OR 2 )] decei't, Misrepresentation, deceiving

n.
debut (F), n. First appearance in society, or 1
trick, stratagem the vice of deceitf ulness ; mis- ;

on stage &c. as performer. leading appearance. Hence decei'tFUL a.,

debutant (F), n. (f em. -ante). Male or female deeei'tfulLY 2 adv., decei*tfulNESS n. [f.

performer before public for first time, OF deceite n. f. fern. p.p. of deceveir f. L de-
deea-, dec-, pref. f. Gk deka ten in many (cipere -cept- = capere take) deceive]
technical terms as decagynous (Gk gune female) deeei*ve, v.t. i. Persuade of what is false, &
with ten pistils, decahedral (Gk hedra base) mislead, (d. oneself, juggle with one's own con-
ten-sided, decandrous (Gk andr- male) with ten victions, also be mistaken) use deceit ; dis- ;

stamens, decastyle (Gk -stulos) ten-columned appoint (esp. hopes). So deeei*VABLE a., de- .

(portico) esp. in French metric system = ten of

; cei'VER n. [f. OF deceveir f. L as prec] 1

the specified unit whence de'ea- (cf. Deee'mbep, n. Twelfth month of year. [f.
deci-),
gTam(me), 353 oz. avoird. de'ealitre OF deeembre f. L December (decern ten) orig.
-
;

(-et€r), about 2| gal. de'eametpe, about tenth month of Roman year]

;

32 ft 9 in. dece'mvip^.tpl.-rs.-riMRom.Hist^member
de'cade (-ad), de'cad, n. Set, series, of ten of board of ten acting as council or ruling power,
ten years ten books (1-10, 11-20, &c. of Liv y. So esp. that appointed 451 b. c. to draw up laws of
; )

de'cadAL, deea*dic, aa. [13th-c. F (-e), f. L f. Twelve Tables member of any ruling body of ;

G dekas -ad- f. deka ten, -ad, -ade(2)] ten, as at Venice. So deee'mviPAL a., de-
de'cadence, n., de'cadent, a. & n. Falling demviPATE [L, f. decern viri ten men]
1
n.
away, declining, deteriorating, (used esp. of a de'eeney, Propriety of behaviour what
n. ;

period of art or literature after culmination) is required by good taste or delicacy avoidance ;

(literary slang) decadent, (writer or artist) af- of obscene language & gestures & of undue ex-
fecting certain vices, obscurities, & turgidities posure of person respectability; the dd., de- ;

of style, decadence f. med. L decadentia

[f. F corous observances, requirements of a decent
(de-, Rom. cadere -L, cadere fall, -ence)] life. \t. L decentia (decere be fitting, -ency)]
de'cagon, n. Plane figure with ten sides and dece'nnapy, a. & n. (Of) period of ten years,
angles. So deea'gonAi. a. [f. med. L deca- [f. L decennis (decern, annus) ten-year + -ary ]
:

igonum f. Gk -gono.t -angled)] dece'nniad, dece'nnium (pi. -a), n. Ten-

deea'leify, v.t. Deprive (bone &c.) of its lime. year period, [-ad irreg. f. L (-um) f. decennis
[DE-] (prec see -ad]
) ;

de'calogue (-6g), n. The ten command- decennial, a. Of ten-year period recurring ;

ments. decalogue f. L f.
If. F Gk dekalogos in ten years. Hence dece'nnialLY 2 adv. [f.
(hoi deka logoi the ten words)] L decennium see prec. + -al]
deca'meron, n. Collection of tales like the de'eent, a. Seemly, not immodest or obscene
D. of Boccaccio (100 tales told by a company in or indelicate ; respectable ;
passable, good
 ; ;;

DECENTRALIZE 212 DECLINE

enough, tolerable, -whence de*centiSH 1 (2) a.;
(school slang) kind, not severe or censorious.
Hence de'eentLY 2 adv. [f L decere beseem,
-ENT]
decentralize, v.t. Undo the centralization
of ; confer local government on. Hence de-
deci'vilize, v.t. Divest of civilization, [de-]
deck i, n. Platform of planks or wood-covered
. iron extending from side to side of ship or part
of it (in large ships main, middle, lower, dd.,
also upper or spar d. above main, & orlop be-
low lower poop & forecastle dd., short ones in
;

eentralizA'TiON n. [de-] stern & bow); clear 2 the dd.; d.-chair, camp-
deee'ption, n. Deceiving, being deceived ;
stool, also long-armed reclining chair, used in
triek, sham. [f. F deception f. L deceptionem passenger steamers d.-house, room erected on
;

(decipere see deceit, -ion)] d. Iperh. as foil. f. MDu., but found in E 160
deee'ptive, a. Apt to deceive, easily mis- years earlier than the corresp.Du.in same sense]
taken. Hence deee'ptiveLY 2 adv., deee'p- deck 2
, v.t. Array, adorn; furnish with, cover

tiveNESS n. [f. F diceptif(vrec, -ive)] as,a d. [prob. f. MDu. deken cover f. OTeut.
deehpi'stianize (-stsha-), v.t. Divest of its thakjan whence also OE thxc thatch]
Christianity, [de-] deckle, n. Contrivance in papermaking-
deci-, pref. shortened from L decimus tenth, machine for limiting size of sheet (d. -edge, rough
used (as did- in F) in French metric system in uncut edge), [f. G deckel dim. of decke coverj
sense k of specified unit. So de'cigpam(me), declai'm, v. i. & t. Speak rhetorically (often
decilitre (-eter), decimetre,
nn. against, = inveigh), practise speaking or reci-
deci'de, v.t. &
Settle (question, issue, dis-
i. tation deliver impassioned rather than rea-
;

pute) by giving victory to one side give judg- ;

soned speech utter rhetorically. Hence de-
;

ment {between, for, in favour of, against, or elai'itiER 2 n. [earlier declame f L T>E(clamare .

abs.) ; bring, come, to a resolution {that decides cry out) w. assim. to claim]
me ; d. to do, on, for, or against doing). Hence declamation, n. Act or art of declaiming
deei'dABLE a. [f. F didder f L DK(cidere cis- =
. rhetorical exercise, set speech impassioned ;

caedere cut)] speech, harangue. So decla'matORV a. [f. L

deci'ded, a. In v.bl senses also definite, ; : declaniatio (prec, -ation)]
unquestionable, {a d. difference) (of persons) of ;
declap'ant, n. One who makes legal declara-
clear opinions or vigorous initiative, not vacil- tion, [f. L declarare declare, -ant]
lating. Hence deci'dedLY 2 adv. [-ed l ] declaration, n. Stating, announcing; posi-
deci'dep, n. In vbl senses also, (Racing) heat
; tive, emphatic, solemn, or legal assertion, an-
in which run off. [-ER *]
tie is nouncement, or proclamation {d. of war, before
deci'duous, a. Shed periodically or normally beginning hostilities, not now usual d. of ;

(of leaves, teeth, horns, &c); shedding its leaves the poll, of vote-totals of election-candidates)
annually shedding its wings after copulation manifesto, written announcement of inten-
;

(of ants &c); fleeting, transitory, [f. hdeciduus tions, terms of agreement, &c. (D. of indul-
f. DK{ddere = cadere fall) + -ous] gence D. of rights D. of Independence, of ; ;

deci'llion, n. Tenth power of million (1 with 4th July 1776 by N.-Amer. British colonies; D. of
60 ciphers). Hence deei'llionTH 2 a. & n. [f. L Paris, in 1856 on belligerent and neutral mari-
decern ten & million, see billion] time law) (Law) plaintiff's statement of claim, ;

decimal, a. & n. Of tenths or ten,

proceed- affirmation in lieu of oath, Custom-House state-
ing by tens, {d. numeration, ordinary counting- ment (see foil.), [f. L declaratio (foil., -ation)]
system with ten for basis, reckoned by decades declare*, v.t. i. Make known, proclaim &
d. system, of weights and measures, with de- publicly, formally, or explicitly, (d. war, a divi-
nominations rising by tens d. notation, by the dend) pronounce (person &c.) to be something,
; ;

Arabic figures d. arithmetic, using this nota- as d. him (to be) an enemy to humankind d.
; ;

tion, also in narrower sense that, also called oneself, avow intentions, reveal character d. ;

dd., treating of d. fractions d. fraction or d., for, against, side with, against
; d. off, break ;

one whose denominator is a power of ten, esp. off (bargain Sec, or abs.); (Customs) name
when expressed by figures written to right of (dutiable goods) as in one's possession. Hence
the d. point or dot placed after the unit figure, or cogn. decla'PATivE, deela'patORY, aa.,
& denoting tenths, hundredths, &c, according decla'pativeLY 2 declap'edLY 2 advv. [f. , ,

to their place nECunring d. d. coinage) of F declarer f. L T>E(clarare f. clarus clear)]

; ; ;

d. coinage, whence de*eimaliST(2) n. Hence declasse (deklavsa), a. (fern. -6e). That has
de*eimalizE(3) v.t.,deeimalizA*TioN n.,de*- lost caste or sunk in social scale. [F]
eimalLY 2 adv. [f. med. hdecimalisf. hdedma declension, n. Deviation from upright-
tithe, but treated as f. L decimus tenth, -al] ness &c. deterioration, decay; (Gram.) case- ;

de'eimate, v.t. Put to death one in ten of inflexion, one of the noun-classes distinguished
(mutinous or cowardly soldiers) destroy tenth by their different methods of case-i nflexion, de-
;

or large proportion of (esp. of epidemic or other clining, [irreg. f. L r>E(clinatio f. -clinare cf. Gk
visitation). So deeimATiON n. [f. L dedmare Mind bend, -ation) perh. thr. F diclinaison & ;

take the tenth man {decimus), see -ate 3 ] a form declin'son corresp. to venison]
deei'phep (dl-), v.t., & n. Turn into ordinary declina'tion, n. Downward bend ( Astron. ) ;

writing or make out with key (thing written in angular distance of star &c. north or south of
cipher) ; make out meaning of (bad writing, celestial equator, celestial latitude (Compass) ;

hieroglyphics, anything perplexing) (n.) inter- deviation of needle from true N. & S. .variation.
;

pretation of cipher document. Hence deei*- Hence deelina'tionAL a. [f. OF diclinacion

phePABLE a., deei'phePMENT n. [de] f. L declinationem see prec]
deci'sion (-izhn), n. Settlement (of question deeli'ne 1 , v.i. & t. Slope downwards (usu.
&c), conclusion, formal judgment; making up intr.) bend, droop, (i., & also t. as with head ;

one's mind, resolve resoluteness, decided char- declined, declines its blossoms)
: (of day, life, ;

acter. [F (de"-), f. L decisionem (decide, -ion)] &c.) draw to close sink morally (d. on, descend ;

deci'sive, a. Deciding, conclusive, (esp. d. to) fall off, decay, decrease, deteriorate turn
; ;

&a££Ze);=DECiDEB {d. character, d. superiority). away from, refuse, (discussion, challenge, bat-
Hence deci*siveLY 2 adv., deci'siveNESS n. tle d. to do, doing, to be treated in such a way);;

[f. med. L decisivus (decide, -ive)] say one cannot accept (invitation &c, or abs.
For compounds of de- not given consult de-.
 ;

DECLINE 213 DEED

d. with thanks iron., reject scornfully) : (Gram.) cases) order declaring nullity or dissolution or
inflect, recite the cases of, whence deeli'nABLE giving judicial separation (d. nisi, order for
a. [f. F
d^cliner f. L, see declension ; de- in divorce unless cause to the contrary is shown
the L wd = away, in the E chiefly down\ within a period, at least six months) will, as ;

decli'ne 2, n. Sinking, gradual loss of vigour shown by result, of God, Providence, Nature,
or excellence, decay, deterioration ;
phthisis, &c (vb) ordain by d. [f. OF decree f. L DE(c/-e-
;

consumption ; fall in price ; setting, last part tum neut. p.p. of cernere sift) thing decided]
of course, (of sun, life, &c). [f. F declin 1. de- de'erement, n. Decrease, amount lost by
cliner see prec] diminution or waste, (esp. as scientific term
deelino'metep, n. Instrument for measur- opp. increment), [f. L dtcrementum, (de-
ing magnetic declination, [irreg. f. L declinare crease, -MENT)]
seedeclension + -meter] decpe'pit, a. Wasted, worn out, enfeebled
deelrvity, n. Downward slope, [f. L decli- with age & infirmities, (of persons or institu-
vitas f. DE(clivis f. clivus slope) + -tyJ tions). So decpe'piTUDE n. [f. F decrepit f L .

deeli'vous, in Zool. of
a. Sloping down (esp. DE{crepitus p.p. of crepare creak)]
profile), [f. L declivus, -is, see prec, + -ous] deer e'pit ate, v.t. & i. Calcine (mineral or
deco'ction, n. Boiling down so as to extract salt) till it ceases to crackle in fire crackle ;

essence ; liquor resulting. [OF, f. L de(coc- under heat. Hence decpepitA'TiON n. [de-,
tioneml. coquere coct- hoil, -ion)] L crepitare frequent, of crepare creak]
decollate, v.t. Behead, truncate (p.p., of </ecresce*nc/o(dakresh-). =DiMiNUENDO.[It.]
spiral shell without apex). So deeollA'TiON n. decpe'seent, a. Waning, decreasing, (usu.
[L VE(collare f. collum neck), -ate 3 ] of moon), ff. L decrescens (decrease, -ent)]
deco'llete (de-, -ta), a. (fern. -ie). Low-necked decpe'tal, n. Papal decree (pi.) collection ;

(of dress)wearing low-necked dress. [F]

; of these, forming part of canon law. [f. F di-
deeo'lo(u)pize (kul-), v.t. Deprive of colour. crital f. L decretalis (letter) of decree, -al]
Hence deeo*lo(u)pizATiON, deeo'lo(u)piz- decry", v.t. Disparage, cry down. [f. F di-
er 1 (2), nn. [de-, colour 1 , -ize(3)] crier (de-, cry 2)]
decomplex (-ko-), a. Doubly complex, hav- de'euman, *. Especially large or powerful
ing complex parts, [de-] (usu. of wave lit. or fig.), [f. L decu-, decimanus,
decompo'se, v.t. & i. Separate into its ele- used of main gate of camp where tenth cohort
ments (substance, light, &c.) analyse (thought, ; was quartered (decimus tenth, -an)]
motive) rot (t. & i. Hence deeompo'SABLE
; ). decu'mbent, a. (bot. & zool.). Lying along
a., decompo*SER 1 (2), decoMPOSiTiON, nn. [f. ground or body (of plant, shoot, bristles), [f. L
F decomposer (de-, compose)] T>E(cumbere lie), -ent]
deco'mposite (-I-, -I-), a. & n. (Substance, de'cuple, a., n., & v.t. & i. Tenfold (amount)
word, &c. made by compounding a compound
) (vb) multiply by ten. [F (de"-), f. L decuplus
with another element, further composite, [f. LL (decent ten, -plus cf. duplus double)]
decompositus transl. of Gk parasunthetos used decu'ssate, a. (-at), & v.t. & i. (-at). X-
of words derived from compounds seeDE-] ; shaped, intersecting (Bot.) with pairs of oppo-
;

de'compound (-ko-), a. & n. = decomposite site shoots, each at right angles to pair below
(esp. in Bot.). [de-] (Rhet.) chiastic (Yb) arrange in these ways ;
deco'nsecpate, v.t. Secularize, [de-] intersect; hence decussATiON n. [f. L de-
de'corate, v.t. Furnish with adornments cussare (decussis number ten, X), -ate 2 3 ] >

(esp. church with flowers &c.) serve as adorn- ; de'dicate, v.t. Devote with solemn rites
ment to invest with order, medal, &c. de-
; ; (to Godor to sacred use of church &c esp. ;

corated as adj. or n., (of) third English style without certain forms necessary for legally
of architecture. Hence de'eopatiVE a. [f. L consecrating ground or buildings) give up (to ;

decorare (decus -oris beauty), -ate 3 ] special purpose) inscribe (book &c) to patron
;

decora*tion, n. In vbl senses esp. (pi.) ; : or friend. So de'dicatoR 2 dedieatEE*, nn., ,

flags, "wreaths, Sec, put up on occasion of public
rejoicing; medal, star, &c, worn as honour,
[f. L decoratio (prec, -ation)]
de'coratop, n. In vbl senses; esp., trades-
man who papers, paints, &c, houses, [-or 2 ]
decop'ous, a.
taste or propriety, dignified
de'dieativE, de'dicatORY, aa. [f. L DE(di-
care declare), -ate 3]
dedication, n. In vbl senses ; also, dedi-
catory inscription on building &c or in book,
[f. OF dedication f. ~Ldedicationem (prec, -ion)]
Xot offending against good dedu'ee, v.t. Bring down (annals Szc)from
and decent. Hence or to a time trace descent of (person &c )from ;
;

decop'ousLY adv. [f L decor us {decor f de-

2 . . infer, draw as conclusion, from. So dedu'e-
cere be fit, -or + -ous] 1
) ible a. [f. L T>K(ducere duct- lead)]
decop'um, n. Seemliness, propriety, eti- dedu'et, v.t. Take away, put aside, (amount,
quette particular usage required by politeness
;
portion, &c, subtract being now used of num-
or decency. [L, neut. adj. as prec] bers) from (or abs.). [f. L deduct- see prec]
decoy, n., v.t. &
(Entice, esp. by help of dedu'etion, n. Deducting; amount de-
trained bird &c, into) pond with narrow netted ducted deducing, inference from general to
;

arms into which wild duck may be temptGd and particular, a priori reasoning, (cf. induction) ;

caught allure into, out of, away, &c ensnare

; , ; thing deduced, [f. L deductio (deduce, -ion)]
bird &c trained to entice others ; (also d.-duck) dedu'etive, a. Of, reasoning by, deduction,
swindler's confederate, tempter; bait, entice- a priori. Hence dedu'ctiveLY 2 adv. [f. L
ment, [earlier coy f, Du. kooi f. cawia W6 deductivus (deduce, -ive)]
f. L cave'a cage 1 ;'de- unexplained (duck-coy, dee, n. Letter D D-shaped harness-ring.;

n. & v., is early, but not earliest, form)] E deed, n. Thing done intentionally; brave,
dec pea's e, v.i. & t., decrease, n. Lessen, skilful, or conspicuous act; actual fact, per-
diminish, (i. & t.) hence deepea'singXY 2 ; formance, (in icord d. in d. &
not in name, ; &
adv. (N.) diminution, lessening, [vb f. OF des- whence indeed in very d.) (Law) written or
; ;

C7*eiss- part. St., n. f. OF descreis- vb St., of des- printed instrument effecting legal disposition
creistre f. (Rom. dls-) L DE(cre.s'cere cret- grow)] & sealed & delivered by disposing party (in
decree*, n., v.t. &
Ordinance or edict set practice now always signed also but not always
forth by authority; decision (in other courts delivered) d.-poll, deed made & executed by
;

caXLedjudgjyiejU) in Admiralty cases, (in Divorce one party only (paper polled or cut even, not
 ;; ;;

DEEM 214 DEFENSIVE

indented). Hence dee'dLESS a. [OE dsed cf. defau'lt 1
, n. Want, absence, (in d. of, if or
Du. daad, G tat,
cogn. w. do x J since such a thing is wanting) ; failure to act
deem, v.t. Believe, consider, judge, count, or appear, neglect, (make d. ; judgment by d.,
(abs. in parenthesis, as it teas, I deemed, time given for plaintiff on defendant's failure to
to go ; d. highly of, have high opinion of ; d. it plead) ; failure to pay, defaulting, [f. OF de-
one's didy ; xvas deemed sufficient, to suffice ; faute f. defaillir see foil. cf. fault] &
deemed that this would do). [OE diman com.- defau'lt 2 , v.i. t. &
Make, be guilty of, d.
Teut.f. OTeut. domjan f. domoz doom] fail to appear in court ; not meet money calls,
dee'mstep, n. One of two justices of Isle of break ; hence defau'ltER 1 n. Declare (party)
Man. [prec, -ster] in d.& give judgment against him. [f. OF de-
deep \ a. Going far down from top (d. hole, faillir (3 sing, default) f. de-, Lfallere deceive]
water, draught, drink, drinker, gaming, game- & defeasance (-fez-), n. Rendering null
s£er);going farin fromsurface or edge(d.iuound, void. [f. OF defesance f. desfaire undo (de-, L
shelf, border d. mourning, expressed by wide facere do), -ance]
;

crape &c. d. plunge; d. reader, thinker) hard

; defeasible (-fez-), a. Capable of annulment, ;

to fathom, profound, not superficial, penetrat- liable to forfeiture. Hence defeasiBruTY n.

ing, (d. dissimulation a d. one slang, cunning [as prec, -ible]
;

or secretive the deeper causes d. learning,

; defea't, v.t., & n. Frustrate, frustration ;
;

study ; d. influence d. insight) heartfelt, ab- (Law) annul(ment) (archaic) disappoint of;
; ;
;

sorbing, absorbed, (d. feelings, interest, curses overthrow (v. & n.) in contest esp. in battle, ;

d. in a pursuit, dead to everything else) in- [n. prob. f. vb, which is f. OF defeit p.p. of des- ;

tense, vivid, extreme, heinous, (d. disgrace, faire see defeasance]

sleep, night, sin, colour d.-red, &c.) going or defea'ture (-tsher), v.t. Make unrecogniz-
; ;

placed (so) far down, back, or in (water 6 ft d. able, [f. obs. noun f. OF desfaiture (prec, -ure)]
ankle-d. in mud ; draum up six d. ship d. in de'fecate, v.t. Clear of dregs, refine, purify,
;

the water, hands d. in pockets d. in debt d. in (lit. & fig.) get rid of (dregs, excrement, sin).
; ;
;

the human heart, fully versed in it) brought Hence defecA'TioN, defeeatOR 2 (2), nn. [f. ;

from far down (d. sigh) not shrill, low-pitched, L DE(/eceire f faex -cis dregs), -ate 3 ]
; .

full-toned, (note, bell, voice d.-mouthed, of dog). defe'et, n. Lack of something essential to
;

Hence deepEN 6 v.t. & i., dee'pLY 2 adv., completeness; shortcoming, failing, (has the dd.
dee'p.MOST a., (rare, for depth) dee'pxEss n. of his qualities, the particular ones that often
[OE diop, ddop, com. -Teut. cf. Du. diep, G tief, accompany his particular virtues) blemish ; ;

cogn. w. dip] amount by which thing falls short, [f. L defec-

deep 2, n. The d. (poet,), the sea; (usu. pi.) tus n. f. DE(ficere feet- = facere do) desert, fail]
d. part(s) of the sea abyss, pit, cavity
; myste- defe'etion, n. Falling away from allegiance
;

rious region of thought or feeling, [as prec. to leader, party, religion, or duty, desertion,
(neut. adj. in OE)] apostasy, [f. L defectio (prec, -ion)]
deep 3, adv. Deeply, far in, (read d. into the defective, n. Having defect(s), incomplete,
night ; still waters run d., real feeling or know- faulty, wanting or deficient (in some respect)
ledge not showy) esp. in comb, as d.-drawn (of (Gram.) not having all the usual inflexions.
;

sighs), d.-laid (of scheme, secret & elaborate), Hence defe'etiveLY 2 adv., defieetiveNESs
d.-rooted (esp. of prejudice), d.-seated (of emo- n. [f. F defectiff. L defectivus as prec, -ive]
tion or disease). fOE diope, diope, deep 1 )] defe'nee, n. Defending from, resistance a-
dee'ping-, n. Section, one fathom deep, of gainst, attack (cf. offence best d. is offence, ;
fishing-net. [-ing 3] advantage goes with the initiative in cricket, ;
deep, n. (collect, sing. usu. for pi.). Kinds of guarding of one's wicket, also battingas opposed
ruminant quadruped with deciduous branching to bowling; science or art of d., boxing or fenc-
horns (small d., insignificant animals or things ing); (Mil., pi.) fortifications (also line of d.,
collectively, cf. King Lear in. iv. 144) d.- series of fortified posts) thing that protects ; ;
hound, large rough greyhound d.-forest, wild justification, vindication, speech or writing
;

land reserved for stalking d. ; d.-lick, spring or used to this end (Law) accused party's denial, ;
damp spot impregnated with salt &c. where d. pleading, & proceedings. Hence defe'nee-
come to lick; d.-neck, horse's thin neck; d.'s- less a., defe'ncelessLY 2 adv., defe'nee-
foot, a fine grass deerskin, (made of) d.'s skin
; lessNESS n. [f. OF defens f. L defensum neut.
d.-stalker, sportsman stalking d., low-crowned thing forbidden, & OF defense f. L defensa fern
close-fitting cap. [OE dior, dbor, beast, quad- used as noun cf. -ade(1), both p.p. see foil.]
ruped, com. -Teut. cf. Du. dier, G tier] defend, v.t. i. Forbid, avert, (archaic &
defa'ce, v.t. Mar appearance or beauty of, still in God d. !) ward off attack from, keep ;

disfigure discredit make illegible.

; Hence safe, protect uphold by argument, vindicate
; ;

defa'eeABLE a., defa'eeMENT n. [f. obs. F speak or' write in favour of; (Law) make de
defacer (de-, face *)] fence in court (d. oneself, conduct one's own
cfe fa'cto, a. & adv. In fact, whether bv right defence), (of counsel) appear for defendant
(de jure) or not (king d.f, the d.-f. king). [L] conduct defence of. [f. OF defendre f. L de
defalcate, v.i. Commit defalcations, mis- (fendere -fens- fend)]
appropriate property in one's charge. So de- defendant, n. Person sued in law-suit (cf.
falcatOR 2 n [f. med. L DE(/a7care lop f. L plaintiff), [f. ¥ defendant part, (prec, -ant)]
.

falx -els scythe), -ate ] 3

defe'ndep, n. One who defends D. of the ;

defalcation, n. Defection, shortcoming Faith,tiWe of Eng. Sovereigns from Henry VIII,

fraudulent deficiency of money owing to breach who received it from Pope for writing against
of trust, misappropriation, amount misappro- Luther, [f. OF defendeorf.~Rom. *defcnditorem
priated, [f. med. L defalcatio (prec, -ation)] (defend, -or 2
defa-me, v.t. Attack the good fame of, defensible,)]a. Easily defended (in war or
speak ill of. So defam ation n., defa'ma- argument), justifiable. Hence defe'nsiBiTJTY
tORY a. OF diffamer f L diffamare spread
[f . . n., defe'nsibLY 2 adv. [f. L defensibilis (de-
abroad (dis-, fama report), see de- there are ; fend, -ible)]
also LL defamis, -atus, infamous] defe'nsive, a. & n. Serving, used, done, for

For compounds of de- not given consult de-

 ;

DEFER 215 DEGRADE

defence, protective, not aggressive hence de- ; degree of distinctness, in outline (esp. of image
fe'nsiveLY 2 adv. (N.) state or position of given by lens or shown in photograph). [OF
defence (esp. be, stand, act, on the a. [f. F di- (-cion), f. L de( finitio f. finire f. finis end, -ion)]
fensif f. med. L defensivus (defend, -ive)] defi*nitive,a. Decisive, unconditional, final,
defer* l, v.t. & i. (-rr-). Put off, postpone, (de- (of answer, treaty, verdict, &c). Hence defi*-
ferred annuity ; defe?-red pay, part of esp. nitiveLY 2 adv. If. OF definitif f L definitivus .

soldier's pay held over to be paid at discharge (prec, -ive)]

or death deferred share *s); procrastinate, be
;
deflagrate, v.t. & i. Burn away with rapid
dilatory. Hence defep'MENT n. [ME differ- flame. Hence deflagPATiON, de'flagpat-
ren f. OF diffbrer f. L mw(ferre carry)] or 2 (2),nn. [f L DK(flagrare blaze), -ate 3]
.

defer* 2, v.i. (-rr-). Submit or make conces- defia'te, v. t. Let inflating air &c. out of (pneu-
sions in opinion or action to (person), [f. F de- matic tyre &c). Hence defla'tiON n. [f. L
ferer f. L DE(ferre bring)] de fi are blow away (w. changed sense), -ate 3 ]
de'ferenee, n. Compliance with advice &c. deflect, v.t. &i. Bend aside or (rarely) down,
of one superior in wisdom or position ( pay Sec. d. (make) deviate. Hence defleetOR 2 (2) n. [f. L
to) respect, manifestation of desire to comply,-
; v>E(flectere flex- bend)]
courteous regard, (in d. to, out of respect for defle'xion, -ction, n. Lateral or do wn ward
authority of). So defere'ntiAL a., deleren*- bend, deviation, (lit. & fig in Electr. & Magn., •

tialLY 2 adv. [f. F deference (prec, -ence)] of needle from its zero). [f.L deflex- (prec, -ion)]
de*fepent, a. (Physiol.) conveying to a des- deflopa'tion, n. Deflowering. [OF (-ciow) f.
tination (of ducts &c); (rare for) deferential, L deflorationem (foil., -ation)]
[first sense (f F or direct) f. L deferens part, of deflowep(dlflowr ),v.t. Deprive of virginity, -
.

de( ferre carry); second f. defer 2 -ent] ravish ravage, spoil strip of flowers, [f. OF
, ; ;

defranee, n. Challenge to fight or maintain desflorer f. L DEflorare (fios floris flower)]

cause, assertion, &c; open disobedience, setting de'fluent, a. & n. Down-flowing (part e. g. ;

at nought, (bid d. to, set at d., in d. of). [OF lower end of glacier), [f. L de( fluere flow), -ent]
(DEFY, -ANCE)] defo'pest, v.t. = disforest, [f. OF des-
defrant, a. Openly disobedient rejecting forester\ ;

advances, suspicious and reserved. Hence de- defop'm, v.t. Make ugly, deface put out of ;

fi'antLY 2 adv. [f. F defiant (defy, -ant)] shape, misshape, (esp. in p.p. of person with
deficiency (-ishn-),n. Being deficient; want, misshapen body or limb), [f. OF deformer f. L
lack thing wanting amount by which thing, T>E(formare f. forma shape)]
; ;

esp. revenue, falls short, [f. LL defidentia defo-pma'tion, n. Disfigurement; change

(deficere see defect, -ency)] for the worse (esp. as opponent's name for Re-
defi'cient (-ishnt), a. Incomplete, defective; formation); perverted form of word (dang for
insufficient in quantity, force, &c; half-witted. damn &c); (Physics) changed shape of. [f. L
Hence defi*eientLY 2 adv. [f. L deficiens (de- deformatio (prec, -ation)]
ficere see defect, -ent)] defop'mity, n. Being deformed, ugliness,
deficit (de-, de-), n. Amount by which
esp. disfigurement, (physical or moral) ; a malforma-
sum of money is too small ; excess of liabilities tion esp. of body or limb. [f. OF (-U) f. L defor-
over assets, [f. F deficit f L deficit 3 sing. pres.
. mitatem f. HE(formis f. forma shape), -ty]
of deficere see defect] defpau'd, v.t. Cheat (person, person of, or
de frde, pred. a. Required to be held as abs.). [f. OF defrauder (de-, L fraudare f.
article of faith. [L] fratis -dis fraud)]
defi'ep, n. One who defies, [defy, -er ] 1 defray, v.t. by payment,
Settle, discharge
defila'de, v.t., & n. Secure (fortification) (cost, expense). Hence defpay 'able a., de-
against enfilading fire (n.) this precaution or ;
fpay*AL(2) n. [f. F defrayer (de-, frai sing, of
arrangement (also defilement), [n. f. vb, f. F di- frais expenses perh. =LL fredum fine f. OHG
filerunthread, -ade] fridu, Gfriede, peace)]
defi'le \ v.i., de'file, n. March by files, in defpo'ck, v.t. = UNFROCK.
file narrow way through which troops can
; (n.) deft, a. Dextrous, skilful, handling things
only march so, gorge, [f. F defiler & defitt p.p. neatly. Hence de'ftLY 2 adv., de'ftNESS n.
(de-, file file 3 )] [var. ofdaft]
defrle 2, v.t. Make dirty, befoul; pollute, defu'net, a. Dead (the d. way of mentioning ,

corrupt ; desecrate, profane ; make ceremoni- a particular dead person), no longer existing,
ally unclean. Hence defi'leMENT n. (see de- [f. L BE(functus p.p. of fungi perform) dead]

filade), [earlier defoul f. OF defouter trample defy, v.t. Challenge to combat or competi-
(de-, L fullo fuller, f treading of cloth in full- . tion (archaic or facet.); challenge to do or prove
ing), altered on anal, of E vbs befoul & obs. befile something resist openly, set at nought (of
; ;

in same sense f. OE fylan ful foul] f. things) present insuperable obstacles to (defies
defi'ne, Settle limits of ; make clear,
v.t. definition, capture, attack, &c). [f. OF defier
esp. in outline (well-defined image ; d. one's po- f; Rom. *T>is(Jidare trust i.fid us faithful)]

sition, state it precisely) ; set forth essence of, degage (F), a. (fern. -be). Easy, unconstrained.
declare exact meaning of, (also abs., frame de- degenerate (at), a. & n. Having lost qua-
l

finitions); (of properties) make up total charac- litiesproper to race, sunk from former excel-
ter of. Hence defi'nABLE a. [f. OF definer lence; (Biol.) having reverted to lower type;
(now displaced by correct difinir, which would hence dege'nePACY n. (N.) d. person or ani-
have given E definish)t ~Lt>e( finirei. finis end)] mal, [f. L p.p. see foil., -ate 2]
definite, a. With exact limits ; determinate, degenerate 2 , v.i. Become d. (see prec).
distinct, precise, not vague (Gram.) d. inflex- ;
[f.L degenerare, f. j>E(gener f. genus -eris race)
ions, those of German and early adjj. used E ignoble, -ate 3
]
after d. article &
similar wds ; d. article, the ;
degenepa'tion, n. Becoming degenerate;
past or preterite d., simple past tense in French, (Path.) morbid disintegration of tissue or
as il vint he came. Hence de'finiteLY 2 adv., change in its structure (esp. fatty d. of heart).
de'finiteNESS n. [f. L definitus p.p. see prec] [f. F ae'ge'ne'ration (prec, -ion)]
defini'tion, n. Stating the precise nature degluti'tion (-gloo-), n. Swallowing, [f. F
of a thing or meaning of a word form of words ; deglutition f. L DE(glutire swallow), -ion)
in which this is done ; making or being distinct, degpa-de, v.t. & i. Reduce to lower rank
 ;;
;; ;

DEGREE 216 DELICACY

depose as punishment; lower in estimation, (Med.) evacuation of bowels, excrement. [OF,
debase morally, whence degpa'diNG 2 a.; re- f. Ldejectionem (prec, -ion)]
duce (Biol.) to lower organic type, (Physics) to dejeuner (de'zhona, or as F), n. Breakfast
less convertible form (energy), (Geol.) to dis- lunch, esp. of ceremonial kind. [F]
integration (rocks &c.) degenerate ; (Camb. ; de jure joori), a. & adv. Rightful, by right,
(

Univ.) put off entering for honours examina- (king &c. d.j. the d.-j. king cf. de facto). [L|
; ;

tion for a year beyond regular time. So de- delai'ne (di-), n. Light dress-fabric, [f. F
gpadA'noN n. [f. OF degrader f. LL DEgra- (mousseline) de laine woollen (muslin)]
dare (gradus step)] dela'te, v.t. Inform against, impeach, (per-
degree*, n. Step
of staircase (archaic
(as) son) ; report (offence). So dela'tiox, dela't-
perh. so in S in Psalm-title Song
Kings xx. 9, & or 2 nn. [f. L DE(lat- p.p. st. of ferre carry)]
,

of Dd.) ; thing placed like step in series, tier, &

row ; stage in ascending or descending scale
or process (by dd., gradually) step in direct
genealogical descent (prohibited dd., number
of these too low to allow of marriage, i. e. first,
second, & third, reckoning from one party up
to common ancestor & down
to the other)
social or official rank relative condition (each
; tee that buyer is solvent. [It.]
good in its d.) ; stage in intensity or amount (to
a high or the last d., also colloq. in latter sense
to a d.; in law, principal in the first, second,
d.) ; academic rank conferred as guarantee of
proficiency, or (honorary d.) on distinguished
person masonic rank ; (Gram. ) stage (positive,
; (lectare frequent, of lacere snare) delight]
comparative, superlative) in comparison of
adjj. &
advv. ; (Geom. &c.) unit of angular or
circular-arc measurement, 1/90 of right angle or
l/360of circumference (symbol , as ±5°); (Therm.)
unit of temperature in any scale. Hence de-
delay, v.t. i., & n. Postpone(ment), defer-
ring), put(ting) off, loiter(ing), be(ing) tardv.
; wait ; hinder, hindrance, [(n. f. F delai) f. OF
delaier perh. irreg. f. L dilatare frequent, of
T>iF(ferre lat- carry) defer]
del cre'dere (-ad-), a., adv., & n. (commerc).
Under, charge made for, selling agent's guaran-
de'le, printing direction (abbr. d). Delete
indicated letter, word, or passage (written in
margin). [L, imperat. of delere delete]
delectable, a. Delightful, pleasant, (ar-
chaic exc. in irony). [OF, f. L delectabilis f. de-
delecta'tion, n. Enjoyment (usu. for one's
d.). [OF (prec, -ation)]
dele'ctus, n. School reading-book of selected
passages. [L,n. f. v>E(ligere lect- -legere choose)]
delegacy, n. System of delegating appoint- ;

[f. OF degre f.LL UE(gradus step)]

gpee'LESS a. ment as delegate body of delegates, [foil., -acy]
;

de haut en has (F), adv. In a condescend- delegate x (-at), n. Deputy, commissioner ;

ing or superior manner. elected representative sent to conference, [f.

dehi'sce (-is), v.i. Gape, burst open, (esp. in OF delegat f. L delegatus (foil., -ate 2 )]
Bot. of seed-vessels, & in Physiol.). So de- de'legate 2 , v.t. Depute (person), send as
hi'seENCE n., dehi'seENT a. [f. L DE(hiscere representative commit (authority Sec.) to an- v
incept, of hiare gape)] other as agent, DE(legare depute), -ate 3]
[f. L
dehop'tative, a. & n. Dissuasive ; thing delegation, Entrusting of authority to
n.
meant to dissuade, [f. L DE(hortativus f. hor- deputy; body of delegates (U.S., Congress re-
tari exhort, -ive)] presentatives of a single state Austro-Hun- ;

dehu'manize, v.t. Divest of human charac- gary, the Dd. two bodies appointed by Austrian
,

teristics. fDE-] & Hungarian Parliaments to deal jointly with

dehy'drate, v.t. (chem.). Deprive (sub- imperial questions), [f. L DE(legatio legation)]
stance) of water or elements. its Ide-, Gk dele'te, v.t. Strike out, obliterate, (letter,
hudor in comb, hudr- water, -ate 3 ] word, passage also fig.). So dele'tiON n. [f.
;

dehy'pnotize, v.t. Rouse, release, from L linere smear)]

T>E(lere_-let- cf.
hypnotic state. Tde-] deletep'ious, a. Noxious physically or
de'ieide, n. Killer, killing, of a God. [f. L morally, injurious. Hence deletep'iousLY 2
deus god, -i-, -cide] adv. [f. Gk deleterios f. deleter destroyer (de-
dei'etie (di-), a. (philol., gram.). Pointing, leomai injure) + -ous],
demonstrative, [f. Gk deiktikos (deiktos f. delf(t), n. Glazed earthenware made at
deiknumi show, -ic)] Delft (earlier Delf in Holland. )

de'ifopm, a. Godlike in form or nature, [f. deli'bepate (-at), a. Intentional ; con-

l
med. L deifonnis (deus god, -I-, -form)] sidered, not impulsive ; slow in deciding,
de'ify, v.t. Make a god of; make godlike; cautious ; leisurely, not hurried, (of movement
regard as a god, worship. Hence deiFiCA'TiON &c). Hence deli'bepateLY 2 adv., deli'be-
n. \f. F deifier f. L deificare (deus god, -FY)] pateNESS n. [f. L deliberatus (foil., -ate 2 )]
deign (dan), v.t. Think fit, condescend, to deli'bepate 2, v. t. i. Consider, think care- &
do; condescend to give (answer &c). [f. OF fully, (intr., or with indirect question how it
degnier f. L dignare (usu. -i) deem worthy] might be done, what to do) take counsel, con- ;

de'i gra'tia, adv. By God's grace. |LJ sult, hold debate, [f. L T>E(liberare = librare
de i-ntegro, adv. Afresh. [LI weigh f libra balance), -ate 3 ]
.

de'ism, de'ist, nn. Belief, believer, in the delibepa'tion, n. Weighing in mind, care-
existence of a god without accepting revela- ful consideration discussion of reasons for
; &
tion ; (adherent of) natural religion. Hence against, debate; care, avoidance of precipita-
de*istic(AL) aa. [f. F deisme, deiste, f. L deu# tion slowness of movement, [f. F deliberation
;

god + -ISM(3), -IST(2)] f. L deliberationem (prec, -ation)]

de'ity, n. Divine status, quality, or nature deliberative, a. Of, appointed for purpose
a god the D., the Creator, God. [f. F deit6 f.
; of, deliberation or debate (usu. d. assembly or
L deitatem (deus god, -ty>] functions). Hence deli'bepativeLY 2 adv.
deje*et,v.t. Dispirit, depress, (usu. in p.p.). [f. L deliberativus (deliberate 2 -ive)] ,

Hence deje'etedLY 2 adv. [f. L DE(jicere de'licacy, n. Fineness of texture, graceful

=jacere throw)]
-ject-^ slightness, tender beauty ; weakliness. suscep-
deje'eta, n. pi. Person's or animal's excre- tibility to disease or injury, need of care, dis-
ments. [L, neut. pi. p.p. as prec] cretion, or skill nicety of perception, sensitive-
;

dejection, n. Downcast state, low spirits ness (of persons, senses, or instruments) ; con-

For compounds of de- not given consult de-.

 ;; ;
;

DELICATE 217 DEMAND

sideration for others' feelings shrinking from, ; formally delivered opinion, (in jurors' oath)
avoidance of, the immodest or offensive choice ; verdict, [f. OF delivrance (prec, -ance)]
kind of food, dainty; a nicety, [foil., -acvJ deli'vepep, n. In vbl senses esp., saviour, ;

dedicate (-at), a. Delightful (poet.) palat- ; rescuer, OF delivrere nom. of

[f. deiivreor f.
able, dainty, (of food) ; sheltered, luxurious, LL deliberatorem (deliver, -or 2 )]
effeminate, (d. living, nurture, upbringing) deli'vepy, Childbirth surrender of de-
n. ; ;

fine of texture, soft, slender, slight ; of exquisite livering of letters &c, a periodical performance
quality or workmanship subdued (of colour) ; of this (the first, the two-o'clock^.); (Law) formal
subtle, hard to appreciate ; easily injured, liable handing over of property, transfer of deed (for-
to illness ; requiring nice handling, critical, merly essential for validity) to grantee or third
ticklish subtly sensitive (of persons or instru-
; party sending forth of missile, esp. of cricket-
;

ments) deft (a d. touch) avoiding the offensive

; ; ball in bowling, action shown in doing this (a
or immodest; considerate (esp. of actions). good, high, d.) uttering of speech &c. (its d.
;

Hence de'licateLY 2 adv. [f. L delicatus cogn. took two hours), manner of doing this (a telling
or associated w. deliciae delight see foil.] d.). [AF delivree fern. part, used as n. of F
deli'cious, a. Highly delightful, esp. to taste, delivrer deliver, -y 4 ]
smell, or the sense of humour. Hence deli'ci- dell, n. Small hollow or valley usu. with
ously 2 adv., deli'ciousNESS n. [OF, f. LL [cf. Du. del,
tree-clad sides, telle, dale] G
deliciosus f. L deliciae delight f. T>E(licere = De'lla Cpu'sean, a. & n. (Member) of the
lacere allure), -ose 2 ] Florentine Academy della Crusca, a society for
deli'et, n. Violation of law, offence, (in flag- purifying the Italian language, which issued
rant d., = 1N FLAGRANTE DELICTO), [f. L delic- an authoritative dictionary; following arti-
tum neut. p.p. of DE{li7iquere leave) come ficial literary methods member of a late 18th- ;

short] c. artificial Englisk school of poetry, [f. It.

deligh't, v.t. &
Please highly (shall
i., & n. (Accademia) della Crusca (Academy) of the
be delighted to, in accepting invitation) take, ; bran (i. e. sifting) + -an]
find, great pleasure in (so in p.p., the books de- De'lphian, De'lphie, aa. (As) of the oracle
lighted in by the many), be inclined and accus- of Delphi obscure, ambiguous,
; [-ic L f. f. Gk
tomed to do. (N.) high pleasure, thing that Delphikos, -iani. Lf. Gk Delphoi + -ian]
causes it; hence deligh'tFUL a., delig-h't- De'lphin, a. The D. classics or text, in an
fulLY 2 adv., deligflvtsoME a. [ME deliten edition prepared for the Dauphin, son of Louis f.
OF delitier f. L delectare see delectable, now XIV. [L Gk,=dolphin see dauphin] f. ;

misspelt after light] de'lphinine, n. (chem.). poisonous alka- A

Deli'lah, Da-, n. Temptress, false & wily loid used medically, [f. bot. L f. Gk delphinion
woman. [Judges xvi] (dim. of delphin dolphin) larkspur]
deli*mit(ate), vv.t. Determine limits or ter- de'lta, n. Fourth letter, d, of Greek alphabet
ritorial boundary of. So delimit a tion n. (capital an equilateral triangle) ; triangular
[-it thr. F delimiter, -itate direct, f. L DE(limi- alluvial tract at mouth of river enclosed or
lare -itis boundary), -ate 3 ]
f. limes traversed by its diverging branches, esp. that
deli'neate, v.t. drawing Show by or descrip- of Nile, whence delta'ic a. [Gk]
tion, portray. So delineATioN, deli'neat- de'ltoid, a. & n. Triangular ; d. muscle or
OR 2 nn. [f. L T>E(lineare f. linea line), -ate 3
, d., muscle of shoulder lifting upper arm like ] ;

delinquency, n. Neglect of duty guilt a river delta._ [f. Gk deltoeides (prec, -oid)] ;

a sin of omission misdeed, [f. L delinquentia

; delu'de (-ood, -ud), v.t. Impose upon, de-
f. delinquens part, (delict, -ency)] ceive, [f. L l>E(ludere lus- play)]
delinquent, Defaulting, guilty;
a. & n. de'luge Great flood, inun-
(-uj), n., & v.t.
(n.) offender, [f. L delinquens (prec, -ent)] dation, (the D., Noah's flood) heavy fall of rain ;

delique'see (-es), v.i. Become liquid, melt, flood of words &c; (vb) flood, inundate, (lit. &
(fig.) melt away. So delique'seENT a., de- fig.). [F (de-), f.JLi diluvium (diluere dilute)]
lique'seENCE n. [f. L T>E(liquescere incept, delu'sion (-oo-, -u-), n. Imposing or being
of liquere be liquid)] imposed upon false impression or opinion,
;

deli'Pious, a. Affected with delirium, tem- esp. as symptom or form of madness, whence
porarily or apparently mad, raving wildly ; delu'sionAL a. [f. L delusio (delude, -ion)]
excited, ecstatic betraying delirium or ecstasy.
; delu'sive (-oo-, -ti-), a. Deceptive, disap-
Hence deli'piousLY 2 adv. [as foil. + -ous] pointing, unreal. Hence delu*siveLY 2 adv.,
deli'pium, n. Disordered state of mind with delu*siveNESs n. [delude, -ive]
incoherent speech, hallucinations, & frenzied delve, v.t. & i., & n., (archaic, poet, & dial.).
excitement great excitement, ecstasy
;
d. Dig make research in documents &c. (of ; ; ;

tremens (abbr. d.L), special form of d. with road &c) make sudden dip. (N.) cavity; de-
terrifying delusions to which heavy drinkers pression of surface, wrinkle. [OE delfan, com.-
are liable. [L, f. DElirare (lira furrow)] WG cf. Du. delven]
delite'seent, a., delite'seenee, n. Latent demagnetize, v.t. Deprive of magnetic
(state), [f. LDE(ZiYescere incept. oi-litere = latere quality.Hence dema'g'netiz a'tion n. [de-]
lie hid), -ent, -ence] de'mag-ogfue (og), n. Popular leader; poli-
deli'vep, v.t. Rescue, save, set free from; tical agitator appealing to cupidity or prejudice
disburden woman in parturition
of child (usu. of the masses, factious orator. Hence or cogn.
pass. ; also fig., teas delivered of a sonnet) un- ; demago'gic (gik) a., ,
og iSM(2), de*- de mag , ,

burden oneself (of esp. a long - suppressed magogy l (-gi), nn. [f. Gk demagogos (demos,
opinion &c.) in discourse give up or over, ;
agogos leading)]
abandon, resign, hand on to another distribute ; dema'nd 1 , n. Request made as of right or
(letters) to owners present (account) (Law) ; ; peremptorily, thing so asked, (payable on d.,
hand over formally (esp. sealed deed to grantee, as soon as the d. is made) call of would-be ;

so seal d.) &

launch, aim, (blow, ball, attack
; purchasers for commodity (laws of supply and
d. battle, accept opportunity of engaging) re- ; d. in Pol. Econ. in d., sought after) urgent
; ;

cite (well-delivered sermon). Hence deli'vep- claim (many dd. on my time), ff. F demande f.
able a. [f. F delivrer f. LL deliberare (de-, L demander see foil.]
liberare f. liber free)] dema'nd 2 , v.t. Ask for (thing) as right or
deli'vepance, n. Rescue ; emphatically or peremptorily or urgently (of or from person
 ;

DEMARCATION 218 demonstrable:

obj. a noun, or that-cla,vise)
infin., require, ; [f. F demission f. LL dis- for L T>i(7nissionem
need, (piety demands
it ; task demands skill) ; I. mittere miss- send, -ion)]
ask to be, insist on being, told (d. one's business, demi't, v.t. & i. (-U-). Resign (office, or abs.).
what he wants). Hence or cogn. dema'nd- [f. F demettre (dis- + mettre send, put, f. L
able a., dema'n'iANT(l) n. If. F demander mittere send)]
f. L DK(manda?'e order mandate)]
cf. de'miupge (-erj), n. Creator of world (in
demarea'tion, n. Marking of boundary, Platonic philosophy also of Christian God, & ;

esp. line of d. Hence (by back-formation) de*- of supposed subordinate agents in creation).
mapcate v.t. [Sp. (-cion), f. demarcar rnark Hence demiup'gic a. [f. Gk demiourgos
bound8 ofJDE-, MARK)] craftsman (dimios f. demos, -ergos -working)]
demater'ialize, v.t. & i. Make, become, demo'bilize, v.t. Release from mobilized
non-material, spiritual, [de-] state, disband, (troops, ships). Hence de-
deme, n. (Gk hist.) township of ancient mo'bilizA'TioN n. [de-]
Attica; (Biol.) undifferentiated aggregate of demo'cpacy, n. (State practising) govern-
cells, [f. Gk demos] ment by the people, direct or representative ;

demea'n v. red. D. oneself, behave, con- the politically unprivileged class, [f. F demo-
l
,
duct oneself, (always w. adv. or adv. phr.). [f. cratie L Gk demokratia (demos, -cracy)] f. f.
OF demener (de- + mener lead L minare de'mocpat, n. Advocate of democracy
f. ;
threaten & in LL drive cattle)] (U.S.) member of Democratic party. Hence
demea'n 2 v.t. (usu. red.). Lower in dignity. demo*epatiSM(3) n. [f. F democrate (prec.)]
,

[de-,mean 3 but prob. generated by misunder-

, democratic, Of, like, practising, advo-
a.
standing of prec. chiefly used by the unedu-
; cating, democracy (U.S.) D. party, opposed to
;

cated or in imitations of them] Republican, & supporting State, local, indi- &
demea'noup, n. Bearing, outward be- So de-
vidual liberty against federal powers.
haviour, [earlier -ure. -er see -ure, -er 4 de- ; , mocpa'tic ally adv., demo*epatizE(3) v.t.
mean 1
honour &c]
; assim. to & i., demo'epatizA'TiON n. [f. F d&mo-
deme'nt, v.t. Drive mad, craze, (usu. in p.p.). cratique f. med.L f. Gk demokratikos (demos,
Hence deme'ntedLV 2 adv. [f. L dement are -cratic)]
f. DEmens out of one's mind (mens mentis)] Dem6*epite*an, a. Of Democritus, hie
dementi (F), u. Official denial of rumour &c. humour, or his theory of atoms, [f. L f. Gk
deme'ntia Species of
(-tia, -sha), n. (med.). Demoiriteios of Democritus (Gk philosopher of
insanity consisting in feebleness of mind. [L 5th c. B. c. called the laughing philosopher, &,
(deniens see prec. & cf. -ence)] an atomistic physiclfet) + -an]
deme'Pit, n. Ill desert fault, defect. Hence ; Demogop'gon, n. A mysterious & terrible
deme'pitor'ious [-ory, -ous] a. [f. L demeri- infernal deity. [LL ; perh. assim. of some
tum neut. p.p. of DEniereri deserve ; orig. sense Oriental name to Gk demos, gorgos grim]
desert (good or bad, like merit) the two have ; demo'gpaphy, n. Statistics of births, dis-
now been fixed to opposite senses] eases, &c, illustrating condition of communi-
demes'ne (also -an), n. (Law) possession (of ties. Hence demo'GRAPHER n., demoGRA-
real property) as one's own (esp. hold in d.) an ; phic a. [demos, -graphy]
estate held in d., all of an owner's land not held demoiselle (de"mwaze*l), n. The Numidian
of him by freehold tenants, or all that he crane. [F,=damsel]
actually occupies himself; Royal d.. Crown demp'lish, v.t. Pull or throw down (build-
lands State d., land held by state. Sovereign's
; ing), destroy ; overthrow (institution, theory)
or State's territory, domain landed property, ; eat up. S® demoli'TiON n. [f. F demolir
estate region, sphere, of. [f. OF demeine f. L
; (-ish 2 f. L DEimoliri construct f. moles mass)]
)

dominicus (dominus lord, -ic)] de'mon, dae-, n. (Gk mythol.; often dae-)
de*mi-, pref. usu. written with the hyphen, supernatural being, inferior deity, spirit, ghost,
still used as living pref. to form temporary in-dwelling or attendant spirit, genius evil ;

words, but more or less ousted by semi-. Half- spirit (as in demoniacs) heathen deity ; devil ;

size, half, imperfect, partial(ly), semi-. [F, f. L malignant supernatural being cruel, malig- ;

dimidium half (dis-, medius middle)] nant, destructive, or fierce person (d. bowler,
de'mig'od, n. Partly divine being, son of very fast) personified vice or passion. Hence
;

god and mortal, or deified man. [prec] demono- comb, form, demono'LATRY, de-
de'mijohn (-jon), n. Bulging narrow-necked mono'LOGY, nn. [f. L f. Gk daimon deity, w.
bottle of 3-10 gaL, usu. cased in wicker & with sense also of L f. Gk daimonion divine (power
wicker handles, [corrupt, of F dame-jeanne &c.) neut. adj.]
Dame Jane found in many langg., but earliest demo'netize (or-mu-), v.t. Deprive (metal
;

in F, prob. as playful personification] &c.) of its status as money, [f. F demonitxser

de-milune (-oon), n. (fortif.). Outwork pro- (de-, L moneta money, -ize)]
tecting bastion or curtain. [F, = half moon] demo'niac, a. & n. (Person) possessed by an
demi-monde (or as F), n. Class of women evil spirit of such possession devilish fiercely
; ; :

on outskirts of societv, of doubtful reputation energetic, frenzied, [f. LL daemoniacus (Gk

& standing. [F,= half world] daimonion see demon, -ac)]
demi-pep, n. Woman
of suspected chastity, demon racal, a. =prec. adj. (esp. in phr. d.
[abbr. for demi-reputable] possession, & in sense devilish), [prec. + -al]
&
demi'se (-iz), v.t, n. Convey, grant, (estate) demo'nic, dae-, =prec. inspired, of a. ;

by will or lease (n., this process) transmit ; supernatural genius or impulses, [f. L f. Gk
(title &c) by death or abdication (n., this event, daimonikos (demon, -ic)]
esp. d. of the Crown; transf., death). Hence de'monism, n. Belief in the power of de-
demi'SABLE a. [vb f. n., prob. f. p.p. of OF mons. [-ISMI3)]
desmettre dismiss, in refl. abdicate] de'monize, v.t. Make into or like, repre-
de*misemiqua°vep, n. (mus.). Note, with sent as, a demon. [f. med.L daemonizare
three-hooked symbol, equal to half a semi- (DEMON, -IZE)]
quaver. [DEMI-] demo'nstpable, a. Capable of being shown
demi'ssion, n. Resigning, abdication, of. or logically proved.Hence demo'nstpaBi-
For compounds of de- not given consult de-
 ;; ;

DEMONSTRATE 219 DENOTATION

lity demo'nstpabLY 2 ad v. [f. L demon-
n., den, n. Wild
beast's lair ; lurking-place of
strabilis (foil., -able)] thieves &c. ; small room unfit to live in room ;

demonstrate, v.t. & Show (feelings &c.) i.
describe & explain by help of specimens or ex-
periments, teach as a demonstrator ; logically
prove the truth of ; be a proof of the existence
of ; make a military demonstration take part
in which person secludes himself to work &c.
[OE denn cf. G tenne, Du. denne]
denarius, n. (pi. -il). Ancient Roman silver
coin (orig. about 8d.), whence Engl. d. for
; penny, [f. deni ten each, -ary 1 denarius ;

in a demonstration by public meeting, whence (numus) = (coin) of ten (asses)]

demo'nstPANT(l) n. [f. L i)E(monstrare show, de'napy, a. Of ten, decimal, [f. L (prec.)]
see monster), -ate 3] denationalize (-nash-), v.t. Deprive (na-
demonstration, n. Outward exhibition tion) of its status or characteristics, (person)
of feeling &c. logical proving, clear proof,
;
of membership or characteristics of his nation,
(to d., conclusively); thing serving as proof; (institution) of its position as national pro-
exhibition & explanation of specimens or ex- perty. Hence dena'tionalizATiON n. [f. F
periments as way of teaching ; show of military denationaliser (de-, national, -ize)]
force to intimidate, to mask other operations, denaturalize (-natshra-), v.t. Change
or in peace to show readiness for war ; exhibi- nature of, make unnatural (usu. refl.) divest ;

tion of opinion on political or other question, membership of State. Hence

of citizenship or
esp. public meeting or procession, whence dena'tupalizA'TiON n. [de-, natural,-ize(3);
demonstpa'tionisT(l) n. Hence demon- also de- + naturalize]
stpa'tionAL a. [f. L demonstratio (prec, -ion)] dena'tupe (-tsher), v.t. Change nature or
demo'nstpative, a. & n. Serving to point essential qualities of (esp. tea or alcohol by
out or exhibit (esp. in Gram., d. pronoun or adulteration), [f. F dinaturer (dis-, nature)]
adjective, or d. as noun, this&c.) giving proof de'ndpite, n. (Stone or mineral with) natural
;

of\ logically conclusive concerned with proof

; tree-like or moss-like marking. Hence den-
given to or marked by open expression of feel- dri'tic a. [f Gk dendrites adj. (dendron tree)] .

ings (d. person, behavioiir, affection, &c). dendp(o)-, -i-, comb, forms, f. Gk dendron
Hence demo nstpativeLY 2 adv., demo'n- tree. Hence de'ndpiFORM, de'ndpoiD, aa.,
#

stPativeNESS n. [f. F demonstratif f L de- dendpo'LOGV, dendpo'LOGiST, nn. . •

monstraiivus (as prec, -ive)] dene 1 , n. Bare sandy tract, low sand-hill,
de'monstpatop, r-. One who demonstrates by sea. [cf. G cliine, Du. duin, F dune)
teacher by demonstration, assistant to professor dene 2 See dean 2 . .

doing practical work with students partaker deneg"a*tion,n. (archaic). Denial. [Y(dcnA-),
;

in demonstration by public meeting. [L (de- f. L DF.(negatione7n f. negare deny, -ation)] i

monstrate, -or 2 )] dene-hole, dane-, n. (archaeol.). Artificial

demoralize, v.t. Corrupt morals of, de- cave in chalk entered by vertical shaft often
prave destroy the discipline, cohesion, cour- 60 ft deep. [etym. dub. perh. f. Dane]
; ;

age, or endurance of (esp. troops ; see morale). de'ngue (-ngga), n. Infectious eruptive fever
Hence demo'palizATiON n. [f. F d&moraliser
with acute pain in joints, [prob. f. Zanzibar
(de-, moral, -ize)] name, w. assim. to Sp. dengue prudery, w. ref.
De'mos, n. Personification of the populace to stiffness of patient's neck & shoulders]
or democracy. [Ok, = people] deni'able, a. That one can deny, [-able]
Demosthe'nie, a. Like Demosthenes or deni'al, n. Rof usal of request - SELF-rf. ;

his oratory eloquent, patriotic, denunciatory,

;
statement that thing is not true {meet charge
(of speech), [f: Gk JJemosthenikos of Demos- with flat d.) or existent, contradiction; disa-
thenes (Attic orator 4th c. B.C.)] vowal of person as one'sleader &c. [deny, -al(2) ]
demd'tic, a. Popular, vulgar; (Archaeol.) deni'ep 1 , n. One who denies, [deny, -er l ]

in the popular form (opp. hieratic) of ancient denier* 2 (-ner), n. (archaic). Very small sun l

Egyptian writing, [f. Gk demotikos {demotes or coin. [OF, 1/12 of sou, f. denariusI
one of the demos + -ic)] de*nigT»ate,v.t. Blacken; defame, whence
demu'lcent, a. & n. Soothing (medicine). or cogn. de'nigfpatoR 2 denig-PATiON, nn. ,

[f. L T>E(midcere soothe), -ent] [f. L i>E(nigrare f. niger black)]

demur*, v.i. (-rr-), & n. Make difficulties, deni'trate, deni'trify, vv.t. Free of nitric
raise scruples or objections to ;
(Law) put in a or nitrous acid or nitrates, [de-]
demurrer, whence demu'ppANT(l) n.; (n.) ob- de'nizen, n.,& v.t. Inhabitant, occupant, (of
jecting, objection, (usu. without, no,d.). [earlier place) foreigner admitted to residence & cer-
;

sense tarry(ing), f. F demeure(r) f. ~LDE(morare tain rights ; naturalized foreign word, animal,
pop. for -i delay )1
N
or plant hence de'nizensHiP n.
; Vb) admit (

demupe*, a. Sober, grave, composed -ironi- asd. (usu. pass.), [f. AF deinzein (deinz=Y dans
cally reserved ; affectedly coy, prudish. Hence f. L DE-, intus within, -aneus see -aneous)]
demupe'LY 2 adv., demupe'NESS n. [de- + deno'minate, v.t. Give name to, call or
obs. mure f. OF metir f. L 7naturus ripe] describe as so-&-so (w. obj. & compl.). [f. L de-
demurrable, a. That may be demurred to, (nominare nominate)]
(esp. legal), [demur, -able]
open to objection, denomination, n. Name, designation, esp.
demu'ppage, n. Detention of ship by freigh- characteristic or class name ; class of units in
ter beyond agreed time, payment made for numbers, weights, money, &c. (reduce to the
this ; charge on overdue railway truck ; charge same d. money of small da.) class, kind, with
; ;

(Ud. per oz.) of Bank of Engl, deducted in name

specific ; religious sect, whence deno'-
giving notes or gold for bullion, [f OF demor- . mina'tionAL (denominational education,
a.
age (demur, -age)] according to principles of a Church or sect,
demu'ppep, n. Legal objection to relevance whence denomina*tionalizE(3) v.t.). [OF
of opponent's point even if granted, which (-cion), f. L denominationem (prec,
-ation)]
stays action till relevance is settled exception ; dend'minative, a. Serving as, giving, a
taken, [f. OF demourer infln. = demur ; -er 4 ] name. [f. L denominatives (as prec, -ative)]
demy*, n. (pi. Size of paper
-ies, pr. -iz). dend'minatop, n. Number below line in
(printing, 17|x22£; writing, 15£x20) scholar of ; vulgar fraction, divisor. [med.L(asprec,-OR 2 )]
Magd. Coll., Oxford (orig. w. half fellow's allow- denota'tion, n. Denoting expression by ;

ance), whence demy'SHiP n. [var. of demi-] marks or symbols sign, indication designa-
; ;
 ; ;

DENOTATIVE 220 DEPENDENCY

tion; meaning of a term; (Log.) aggregate of (-sha-) aa., denu'nciatOR 2 (-shi-) n. [f. L de-
objects that maybe included under a word (cf. nuntiatio (denounce, -ation)]
connotation), extension, [f. L denotatio (de- deny, v.t. Declare untrue or non-existent
note, -ation)] (d. the charge, the possibility, that it is so, this
dend'tative, a. Indicative of; (Log.) merely to be the case rarely with but after neg., I
;

designating, implying no attributes, (cf. con- don't d. bid he may have thought so) disavow, ;

notative). Hence deno'tativeLY 2 adv. [de- repudiate, (d,. one's word, signature, faith,
note, -ative] leader) refuse (person, thing, person a thing,
;

deno'te, v.t. Mark out, distinguish, be the thing to person / was denied this, this was
;

sign of; indicate, give to understand, (esp. denied me or to me); d. oneself, be abstinent;
that-clanse) stand as name for; (Log.) be a
;
report as not at home, refuse access to, (person
name for, be predicated of, (the word white de- visited), [f. F dtnieri. L DE(negare say no)]
notes all white things, as snow, paper, foam). deodand, n. (hist.). Thing forfeited to
Hence deno*te>iENT n. [f. F denoter f. L de- Crown to be used in alms &c as having caused
(notare mark f. nota note j )] a human death, [f. L deo dandum thing to be
denouement (F), n. Unravelling of plot or given to God]
complications, catastrophe, final solution, in deodap, n. cedar, Himalayan
[f. Hind.

play, novel, &c. [F (dinouer unknot f. DE-, L de'odar Skr. deva-dara divine tree]
f.

nodare f. nodus knot, -ment)] deo'dorize [or -6d-), v.t. Deprive of odour,
denou'nce (-ow-), v.t. Prophesy (woe, ven- disinfect. Hence deodopiZATiON, deo'dop-
geance) inform against ; openly inveigh
;
izER J (2), nn. [de-, L odor smell, -ize]
against give notice of termination of (armis-
;
deonto'logy, n. Science of duty, ethics. So
tice, treaty). Hence denotrnee.MENT n. [f. deontoLO'GiCAL a., deonto'LOGiST n. [f. Gk
OF denoncier f. L T>T£.(nuntiare f. nuntius mes- deont- part. st. of dei it is right, -0-, -logy]
senger perh. for noventius f. novus new)] De'o vole'nte, adv. (abbr. D. V.). God will-
tie nouveau (de noovo ), adv. Afresh, start- ing nothing occurs to prevent it. [L]
-
; if
ing again. [F] depap't, v.i. & t. (Poet., archaic, &c) go
de novo, adv. = prec. [L] away (from), take one's leave ; set out, start,
dense, Closely compacted in substance
a. ;
leave, (esp. in time-tables, as dep. 6.30 a.m.) ;
crowded together ; crass, stupid. Hence die, leave by death, (d. from life, d. this life) ;
de'nseLv 2 adv., denseNESS n. [f. L densus] diverge, deviate, (d. from received account,
density, n. Closeness of substance; (Physics) custom), [f. OF de( partir f. L partire divide)]
degree of consistence measured by ratio of depap'ted, a. & n. Bygone (d. greatness) ;

mass to volume or by quantity of matter in deceased (person ; esp. the d.). [-ed 1
(2)]
unit of bulk crowded state stupidity, [f. F
; ; depap'tment, Separate part of complex
n.
density f. L densitatem (prec, -ty)] whole, branch, esp. of municipal or State ad-
dent, n., & v.t. (To mark with a) surface im- ministration ; French administrative district.
pression (as) from the blow of a blunt-edged in- So depaptme'ntALa., depaptmentalLY 2
strument, [var. of dint] adv. ff. F dtpartement (depart, -ment)]
dental, a. & n. Of tooth, teeth, or dentistry ;
depar'tupe (-tsher), n. Going away devia- ;

d. letter or d., made with tongue-tip against tion from (truth, standard) ; starting, esp. of
upper front teeth (as th) or front of palate (as d, train (the d. platform) ; setting out on course
t), whence dentaliZE(3) v.t. [f. L dens dentis of action or thought (esp. new d.); (Naut.)
tooth + -al] amount of ship's change of longitude in sailing.
de'ntate, a. (bot. & zool.). Toothed, with [OF (depart, -ure)]
tooth-like notches. So dent a tion n., den- depa'stupe, v.t. i. (Of cattle) graze upon, &
ta'to- comb. form. [f. L dent at us (prec, graze ; put (cattle) to graze ; (of land) feed
-ATE 2)] (cattle). Hence depa'stuPAGE n. [de-]
denti-, comb, form of L dens dentis tooth, as depau'pepate, v.t. Impoverish reduce in ;

dentilingual formed by teeth & tongue. Hence vigour, stunt, make degenerate. So depau-
de'ntiFORM, denti'GEROus, aa. pePATiON n. [f. med.L v>^(pauperare f. L
denticle, n. Small tooth or toothlike pro- pauper poor), -ate 3 ]
jection = dentil. So denti'eulAR 1 den-
; depau'pepize, v.t. Raise from, rid of,
,

ti'eulATE 2 (-at) or -ated, aa., dentieulATioN pauperism, [de-, pauper, -ize]

n. [f. L denticulus
(prec, -cule)]
dentifrice, n. Powder, paste, &c for tooth-
cleaning, [f. L denti (fricium i.fricare rub)]
de'ntil, n. One of series of small rectangular
blocks under bed-moulding of cornice in classi-
cal architecture (often d. - cornice, -band,
-moidding). [f. obs. F dentille dim. of dent
tooth f. L dens dentis]
de'ntlne, n. Hard dense tissue forming
main part of teeth, [f. L as prec. + -ine 4 ]
de'ntist, n. Tooth-doctor. Hence dentis-
tRY n. [f. F dentiste f dent see dentil, -ist(3)J
. depe'ndable, a. That may be depended on.
denti'tion, n. Cutting of teeth, teething
characteristic arrangement of teeth in animal.
[f. L dentitio (dentire to teeth, -ion)]
denu'de, v.t. Make naked ; strip of clothing,
covering, possession, attribute ; (Geol.) lay
(rock, formation) bare by removal of what lies
above. Hence denudATiONn., denirdATiVE
depe'nd, v.i. Hang down (poet., archaic,
, &c); be contingent {it depends upon him-
self, i. e. upon his efforts, skill, wisdom, &c.
also abs. in that depends, i. e. can only be ans-
wered conditionally) rest for maintenance ; &c
upon (she depends upon her own efforts, her
pen, her mother, my
help) ; reckon confidently
upon (esp. in imperat., a. upon it, you may be
sure) ; be waiting for settlement (of lawsuit,
Bill, &c). [f. OF DE.(pendre f. L pendere sus-
pend but with sense of pendere be suspended)]
Hence dependableNESS n., depe'ndabLY 2
adv. [-able]
dependant, -ent \ n. One who depends on
another for support, retainer, servant, [f. F
dependant part, (depend, -anti]
dependence, n. Depending (upon), being
conditioned or subordinate or subject living ;

a. [f. L T>E(nndare f. nudus naked)] at another's cost; reliance, confident trust;

denunciation (-si-), n. Denouncing ; invec- thing relied on. [f F dCpendance (prec -ance)]
. ,

tive. So denvrneiativE, denirneiatoRY, dependency, n. Something subordinate or

For compounds of de- not given consult de-.
 ;; ;;

DEPENDENT 221 DEPTH

dependent, esp. country or province controlled esp. dethronement (giving of) sworn evidence ;

by another, [as prec.,-ANCY, -ency] statement, allegation; depositing. [OF, f. L

depe'ndent 2 Depending (on), contingent, depositionem f. deponere (deposit 1 -ion), but
, a. ,

subordinate, subject maintained at another's w. senses chiefly of unconnected depose]

;

cost, [earlier -a nt — dependant] depo'sitop, n. Person who deposits money,

depno'sphopize, v.t. Rid (ore) of phos- property, &c. apparatus for depositing some ;

phorus. HencedepnosphopizA'TiONn. [de-] substance. [L (deponere see deposit 1 -or 2 )] ,

depi'et, v. t. Represent in drawing or colours depository, n. Storehouse (lit. &fig.); =

portray in words, describe. Hence or cogn. depositary, [f. med. L depositorium (de-
depi'etER 1 depi'ctoR 2
, depi'ctiON, nn., posit 1 -ory)] , ,

depi'ctivE a. [f. L de( pingere pict- paint)] de'pot (-6), n. (Mil.) place for stores head- ;

depi'etupe (-tshe/-), v.t. Picture, depict, [de- quarters of regiment recruit-drilling station ;
;
+ picture v.] part of regiment not on foreign service. Store-
de'pilate, v.t. Remove hair from. Hence house, emporium (U.S.) railway station, [f. F ;

depilATiON, de'pilatOR 2 (2), nn., depi'Ia- d&pot f. L as deposit ] ]

tORY a. & n. [f. L de( pilare f. pilus hair), -ate 3 ] deppa've, v.t. Make bad, deteriorate, per-
deple'nish, v.t. Empty of its contents, de- moral character or habits.
vert, corrupt, esp. in
prive of its stock, [de-, & as replenish] So deppavA'TiON n. (f. L BE(pravare f. pra-
deplete, v.t. Empty out, exhaust ; relieve tnis crooked)]
of congestion. n. deple'ti ve a. deppa'vity, n. Moral perversion, vicious-
So deple'tiON ,

& n.,deple'tORY a. [f. L HE(plere -plet- fill)] ness (Theol.) innate corruption of man. [de- ;

deplore*, v.t. Bewail, grieve over, regret + obs. pravity f. 'Lpracitas (prec, -ty)]
be scandalized by. Hence deplop'ABLE a., de'ppeeate, v.t. Plead against (d. one's
deplop'abLY 2 adv., deplopaBiLiTY, de- anger, beseech him not to be angry) express ;

plop'ableNESS, nn. [f. L de( plorare bewail)] wish against or disapproval of (d. tear, hasty
deploy, v.t. & i., & n., (mil.). Spread out (t. action, panic). Hence or cogn. de'ppeeat-
& i. of troops) from column into line so de- ; ingxY 2 adv., deppeeATiON n., de'ppeea-
ploy \ment n. (N, doing this, [f F diployer ) . tivE, de'ppeeatORY, aa. [f. L DE(pi*ecari
f. L ms{plieare fold), whence also display] pray), -ate 3 1
deplirme, v.t. Pluck, strip of feathers, [f. deppe'eiate (-shi-), v.t. & i. Diminish (t. &
F deplume r (de-, ~Lpluma feather)] i.) lower market price of; reduce
in value ;

depo'lapize, v.t. (Opt.) change direction of purchasing power of (money) disparage, be- ;

polarization of (ray) (Electr. & Magn.) deprive ; little.Hence deppe'eiatingLY - adv., de-
of polarity (fig. disturb, shake loose, dissolve,
; ) ppe'eiatORY (-sha-) a. [f. L DE(pretiare f.
(convictions, prejudices), Hence depolapiZA - -
pretium price), -ate 3 ]
tion, depo'lapizER^-). nn. [de-] depreciation (-esi-, -eshi-), n. Depreciating
depo'nent, &
gram.) (verb)
a. n. (L& Gk or being depreciated allowance made in valu- ;

passive in form but active in sense (named ations, estimates, and balance sheets, for wear
from notion that they had laid aside the pass, & tear, [prec, -ation]
sense) person making deposition under oath
; deppeda'tion. n. (usu. pi.). Spoliation,
or giving written testimony for use in court ravages. [F (de-), f. L DE(p?rtedationem f.
&c. [f. L de( ponere posit- place), -ent] praedare f. praeda prey, -ation)]
depo'pulate, v.t. & i. Reduce population de'ppedatop, n. Spoiler, pillager, [f. L de-
of decline in population. So depopulA'TiON
; praedator (prec, -or 2 )]
n. [f. L DEipopulari lay waste f. populus deppe'ss, v.t. Push or pull down, lower
people), -ate 3] bring low, humble; reduce activity of (esp.
depop't, v.t. 1. Bear or conduct oneself in trade) lower (voice) in pitch dispirit, deject.
; ;

such a manner. 2. Remove, esp. into exile, So deppe'ssiBLE a. [f. OF depresser f. L *de-
banish, whence depoPtA'TiON n. [sense 1 f. (pressare frequent, of premere press)]
OF deporter (de-, porter carry f. L portare) ;
deppe*ssant, a. & n. (med.). Lowering,
sense 2 f. F deporter f. L de( portare carry)] sedative, (medicine), [prec. + -ant]
depop'tment, n. Bearing, demeanour, man- depression Lowering, sinking;
(-shn), n.
ners way a thing (e. g. metal in chem. experi-
; (Astron.) angular distance of star &c below
ment) behaves. [OF (-ement), as prec. 1, -ment] horizon sunk place, hollow, on surface reduc-
; ;

depo'se (-z), v.t. Remove from office, esp. de- tion in vigour (esp. of trade), pitch (of voice),
throne, whence depo'SABLE a. bear witness ; vitality, or spirits; (Meteorol.) lowering of
that, testify to, esp. on oath In court, [f. F de- barometer or atmospheric pressure, esp. centre
poser (de- -f pose?' f. LL pausare pause)] of minimum pressure or system of winds round
depd'sit * (-z-), n. Thing stored or entrusted it. [f . L de( pressio f premere press- press, -ion)]
.

for safe keeping ; sum placed in bank, usu. at deppe'ssop, n. (anat.). D. muscle or d., one
interest &
not to be drawn on without notice pulling down some organ &c [L (prec, -or 2 )]
(on d., so disposed of) ; sum required and paid deppiva'tion (or -I-), n. Loss, being de-
as pledge or earnest or first instalment layer ; prived, of; deposition from esp. ecclesiastical
of precipitated matter, natural accumulation, office felt loss (that is a great d.).
; [f. med. L
[f. L de( positum neut. p.p. of ponere place)] deprivatio (foil., -ation)]
depo'sit 2 (-z-), v.t. Lay down in a (usu. deppi*ve, Strip, bereave, debar from
v.t.
specified) place lay (eggs usu. with adv. &c. )
; ; enjoyment, of; depose (esp. clergyman) from
(of water or natural agency) leave (layer of office.Hence deppi'VABLE a. deppi*VAL(2) n. .

matter) lying store or entrust for keeping (esp.

; [f. OF T>E(pmver f. Lprivare deprive)]
sum at interest in bank) pay as pledge for ful- ; cfe profwndis, n. & adv. (Cry) from the
filment of contract or further payment. \f. depths of sorrow &c [initial L wds of Ps. exxx]
obs. F depositer f. med. L depositare frequent, depth, n. Being deep measurement from ;

of L deponere see prec] top down, from surface inwards, or from front
depositary, n. Person to whom thing is to back abstruseness ; sagacity ; intensity of ;

committed, trustee, [f. L depositarius (de- colour, darkness, ; (pi.) deep water, deep&c
posit 1 -ART 1 )]
, place, abyss, lowest or inmost part ; middle (in
deposition, n. (Picture of) taking down of the d. of winter) deep or mysterious region of
;

Christ from the cross ; deposing from office, thought, feeling, &c. {cry from the dd., d. of in-
 ;; ;

DEPURATE 222 DESCRIPTION

spiration, dd. of degradation) out of one's d., ; derm, n. Skin true skin or layer of tissue
;

in water too deep to stand in, (fig.) engaged on below epidermis. Hence or cogn. dep'mAL,
too hard a task or subject, [deep, -th x ] dep'mic, aa., dep*mat(o)-, deraio-, comb,
de'p urate, v.t. i. &
Make, become, free forms, depmato'LOGY, depmato'LOGiST, an.
from impurities. So_depuPATioN, de'pur- [f. Gk derma skin (dero flay, -m)]

atOR 2 (2), mi., depup*ativE a. & n. [f. med. dern. =darn 2 .

L r>E(pura?*e f. L purus pure)] dernier ressort (F), n. Last resort, desper-

deputation, n. Body of persons appointed ate expedient.
to represent others, [foil., -ation] de'pogate, Detract, take away part,
v.i.
depu'te, v.t. Commit (task, authority) to from (a merit, right, &c.) sink in the scale, do
;

substitute appoint as one's substitute,

; [f. F something derogatory, [f. L DE\rogare ask),
iliputer f. L de( putare think) regard as, allot] -ate 3]
de'pu tize, v. i. Act as deputy or understudy, deroga'tion, n. Lessening or impairment
esp. inmusical engagements, [foil. + -ize] of law, authority, position, dignity, &c. de- ;

de'puty, n. Person appointed to act for terioration, debasement. [F {de-), f. L deroga-

another or others (by d., by proxy); member tionem (prec, -ation)]
of deputation parliamentary representative
; dero'g'atopy, a. Tending to detract from,
{Chamber of Dd., lower house in French & involving impairment, disparagement, or dis-
other Parliaments) d.-, deputed, acting-. ; credit, to lowering, unsuited to one's dignity ;

Hence de*putysHip(l) n. [f. F depute p.p. of or position depreciatory, [f. L derogatorius ;

deputer depute, -y *] (DEROGATE, -ORY)] >

depa'einate, v.t. Tear up by the roots, [f. de'ppiek, n. Contrivance for moving or
F diraciner (de-, racine f. LL radicina dim. of hoisting heavy weights,-kind of crane with ad-
radix root), -ate 3 ] justable arm pivoted at foot to central post,
depai'l, v.t. & i. Cause (train &c.) to leave deck, or floor, [obs. senses hangman, gallows,
the rails (usu. pass. (rarely) leave the rails. So f. name of hangman c 1600]
) ;

depai'l.MENT n. [f. F derailler (de-, rail rail)] de pping'-d6*, n. (pseudo-archaic). Desper- ,

depa'nge (-anj), v.t. Throw into confusion ate courage, [f. Chaucer's In dowyng don that
or out of gear, disorganize cause to act irregu- longeth to a knyght -(in daring to do that which
:

larly make insane (esp. in p.p.) disturb, in- belongeth &c) misinterpreted by Spenser]
; ;

terrupt. So depa'nge.MEXT n. [f F deranger de'PPing-ep (-j-), n. Small large-bore pistol.

.

IDE-, rang rank)] [U.S. inventor's name]

Dep'by (dar-), n. Annual horse-race at Mohammedan friar vowed to dep'vish, n.
Epsom D. day, of the race D. dog, any dog
; austerity {dancing or whirling d.,
; poverty &
>trayingon course, (fig.) trivial untimely inter- d., according to the practice of his howling
ruption. [Earl of D. founder 1780] order), [f. Pers. darvesh poor]
Dep'byshipe (dar-), a. D. neck, goitre, de'seant 1 , n. (poet.). Melody, song. [f. OF
bronchocele D. spar, fluor-spar.
; desc.jxnt f. med.L ms{cantus chant)]
cfe regie (F), pred. a. Customary, proper. desea'nt 2 , v.i. Talk at large, dwell freely,
de'peliet, a. n. &
Abandoned, ownerless, upon (esp. in praise, d. upon the beauties of).
tesD. of ship at sea) abandoned property, esp. [f. OF deschanter (prec, ~Lcantare)]
;

ship, [f. L vMrelict- see relinquish)] desce'nd (-se-), v.i. t. Come or go down, &
depeli'etion, n. Abandoning, being aban- sink, fall, {descending letter in Typog., with tail
doned retreat of sea,
; exposing new land neg- below line) slope downwards make sudden ; ; ;

lect of duty failure in duty, short-coming, [f. attack iipon ; proceed in narrative &c. from
;

L derelictio (prec, -ion)] earlier to later time, from greater to less (so
deri'de, v.t. Laugh to scorn, [f. L T>K(ridere Math., descending series of numbers), from
ris- laugh)] general to particular ; stoop to do ; (rare) be de-
de rigueur (F). pred. a. Required by eti- scended from ; be transmitted by inheritance
quette {evening dress is d. r.). from (of qualities, property, privileges), pass
depi'sion (-zhn), n. Ridicule, mockery, {hold, {to heir, or abs.); go down (hill, stairs), [f. F
have, in d., mock at be in d., be mocked at
: descendre f. L HK{scendere = scandere climb)]
frring into d.) ; laughing-stock, [f. L derisio descendant, n. Person or thing descended
(prec, -ion)] (of, or with his Sec.) [F (prec, -ant)]
deprsive, depi'sopy,aa. Scoffing (d. cheers, desee'nded, p.p. Sprung, having origin,
ironical). Hence depi'siveiA' 2 adv. [f. L from ancestor or stock (is d. Sec. usual instead
deris- see deride, + -ive, -ory] of the rare descends See), [-ed x (2)]
derivation, n. Obtaining from a source descendible, -able, a. Transmissible by
extraction, descent ; formation of word from inheritance. [OF (-able) see -ble] ;

word or root, tracing or statement of this the- ; desee'nt, n. Descending, downward motion
ory of evolution, whence depiva*tioniST<2) n. downward slope way down sudden attack,
; ;

[F (de"-), f. L derivationem (derive, -ation)] esp. from sea decline, sinking in scale, fall
;

&
derivative, a. n. (Thing, word, chemical being descended, lineage single generation ;

substance) derived from a source, not primi-
tive or original. Hence depi'vativeLY 2 adv.
[f. F derivatiff. L derivativits (foil., -ive)]
depi've, v.t. &i. Get, obtain, ( fro a source,
or with the source present in thought) have
one's or its oHgin Sec. from gather, deduce,
(lineal succession of four dd.) ; transmission of
property, title, or quality, by inheritance, [f. F
descente (descendre descend)]
m desepi'be, v.t. Set forth in words, recite the
; characteristics of ; qualify as (should d. him as
; a scoundrel) mark out, draw, (esp. geom. fig-
;

<knowledge, truth, ideas. Sec.) from (pass., refl., ; ure) move in (such a line, curve) (abs.) deal
; ;

Se intr. be descended or have one's origin from

) in, give a, description. Hence descpi'b able a.
(pass., of words) be formed from ; trace, show, [f. L DE(scribere script- write)]
or assert, descent, origin, or formation, of (per- desepi'ption, n. Describing, verbal portrait-
son, thing, word) from. Hence depi'VABLE a. (ure), of person, object, or event (answers tothe
{f. F driver f. L derivare (de-, rivus stream) d.. has the qualities specified), more or less
divert, derive] complete definition sort, kind, class, (no food
;

For compounds of de- not given consult de-

 ;; ;;;

DESCRIPTIVE 223 DESPITE

of any d., tyrant of the worst d.). [F, f. L de- serve as name or distinctive mark of style, ;

gcriptionem (describe:, -ion)] describe as appoint to office (as, to, for), [f. L
;

desepi'ptive, a. Serving to describe (d. DK(signare f. signum mark), -ate 3]

touches), fond of describing {d. writer). Hence de'signa'tion (-z-), n. Appointing to office
desepi'ptiveLY 2 adv. [f. LL descriptivus name, description,
title, [f. L as prec, -ation]
(DESCRIBE, -IVE)] designer, n. In vbl senses esp. draughts- ;

descry*, v.t. Catch sight of, succeed in dis- man who makes plans for manufacturers, [-er ] j

cerning (lit. & fig.). Iprob. var. of describe, & desig'ning, a. In vbl senses ; esp. crafty,
often confused in early use with decry] artful, scheming, [-ing 2 ]
de'secrate, v.t. Deprive of sacred charac- desi'lvepize, v.t. Extract the silver from
ter outrage, profane, (sacred thing) dedicate
; ; (esp. lead), [de-, silver, -ize]
to (evil). Hence desecPA'TiON, de'seepat- desi'pience, n. Trifling, silliness, [f. L de-
or 2 , (con)secrate]
nn. [de- + f. v>E(sipere — sapere be wise)] sipietUia
desep't n. Deserving, worthiness of re-
i (-z-), desiP'able (-z-), a. Worth wisbing for.
compense good or bad character that deserves Hence desipasixiTY, desip'ableNESS, nn.,
;

good, virtue, whence desep'tLESS a. deserv- desip'abLY 2 adv. [desire 2 -able] ; ,

ing people; (pi.) acts or qualities deserving desire* * (-z-), n. Unsatisfied appetite, long-
good or bad recompense, such recompense, ing, wish, craving request thing desired, [f. ; ;

(reward him according to, give him, he has got, OF desir cf. foil.]
his dd.). [OF, obs. p.p. of deservir deserve] desipe* 2, v.t. Long for, crave, wish, (noun,
de'sept 2 (-z-), a. &n. Uninhabited, desolate infin., noun & infin., or that-cla.\ise) (abs.) feel
; ;

uncultivated, barren (n.) waterless & treeless d. ask for pray, entreat, command, (d. him to
;
; ;

region, (fig.) uninteresting or barren subject, wait she desired we woidd wait), [f. OF de- ;

period, &c. [OF (a. & n.), f. L p.p. see foil.] sirer L_ L desiderare desiderate]
desep't 3 (-z-), v.t. & i. Abandon, give up, desiP'ous, pred. a. Wishful to do, ambitious
(thing) depart from (place, haunt)
; forsake of (success &c), having the desire of doing,
;

(person or thing having claims on one, as wife,
post, the colours, ship)', fail (his presence of
m ind deserted him) run away (esp. from ser-;
vice in army or navy), whence deser'tER x n.
So desep'tiON n. [f. F deserter I. LL desertare
frequent, of L DE(serere sert- join)]
desep've (-z-), v.t. & i. Be entitled by con-
duct or qualities to (good or bad) have estab-
wishful that. [f. OF desireus f. LL desiderosus
(st. of desiderare see prec. + -OSE 1 )]
desi'st (-zi-, -si-), v.i. Cease (from doing, from
sin), [f. OF desister f. L T>E(sistere stop)]
desk, n. Fixed or movable piece of furniture
or box having (often in combination with
drawers, seat, &c.) a board \isu. sloped serving
; as rest for writing or reading at the d., clerical, ;

lished a claim to be well or ill treated at the office, or literary work. Hence de*skFUL(2)
hands of. Hence desep'vedLY 2 adv. [f. OF n. [f. med. hdesca f. L discus disk]
deservir f. L T>E(servire serve)] desolate l (-at), a. Left alone, solitary un- ;

desep'vinef, a. Meritorious, worthy, [-ing 2] inhabited ruinous, neglected, barren, dreary

;

deshabille (F), n. = dishabille. forlorn, disconsolate, wretched. Hence de'so-

desiccate (also disi'k-), v.t. Dry, dry up, lateLY 2 adv., desolate \ ess n. [f. L de(so-
(esp. milk &c. for preservation). So desiee a'- lare f. solus alone), -ate 2
]
tion, de*sieeatOR 2 (2), nn., de'siecATiVE a. de'soiate 2 , Depopulate; devastate;
v.t.
[f L T>E(siccare t. siccus dry), -ate 3 ]
. make (person) wretched. Hence desolate r 2
desrderate, v.t. Feel to be missing, re- n. [f. prec, see -ate 3]
gret absence of. [f. liDE(siderare see consider), desola'tion, n. Desolating neglected, ;

-ate 3 ] ruined, solitary, or barren state being for- ;

desi'depative (Verb,
(-at-), a. & n. (gram.). saken, loneliness dreary sorrow. If. L deso-
;

conjugation, &c.) formed on another verb &c. latio (as prec, -ation)]
& expressing desire of doing the action, [f. L despair', n., & v.i. Loss, utter want, of bope
desiderativus (prec, -ive)] thing that causes this, whether by badness or
desidepa'tum, n. (pi. -a). Thing missing, unapproachable excellence. Vb) lose, be with- (

felt want. [L (neut. p.p. see desiderate)] out, hope (of, or abs. his life is despaired of)
; :

desig"n i (-zin), n. Mental plan scheme of ; hence despaip'ingLY 2 adv. [f. OF despeir-
attack upon (has dd. upon mc) purpose ; stressed st. of desperer f L DE(sperare hope)] .

(whether by accident or d.) end in view; ; despatch. See dis-.

adaptation of means to ends (the argument despepa'do, n. Person ready for or given to
/ro»io\, maintaining existence of a God by point- reckless, esp. criminal, undertakings. [OSp.
ing to such adaptation) preliminary sketch ; (adj. only), f. L desperatus see foil.]
for picture &c. delineation, pattern
; artistic ; desperate (-at), a. Leaving no or little room
or literary groundwork, general idea, construc- for hope, extremely dangerous or serious, ut-
tion, plot, faculty of evolving these, invention. terly impracticable ; reckless from despair,
If. 15th-c. F desseing f. desseigner see foil.] violent, lawless, staking all on a small chance,
desig-n 2 (-zin), v.t. & i. Set (thing) apart whence despePA'TiON n. ; extremely bad (a
for person destine (person, thing)/or a service
; d. night, storm, &c) ; very great (d.fear, a d.
contrive, plan purpose, intend, (designs an
; fool). Hence de'spepateLY 2 adv., despe-
attack, to do, doing, or that thing or person — , L
rate ness n. [f. T>E(sperare hope), -ate 2 ]
to be or do something), whence desig-nedLY 2 despicable, a. Vile, contemptible. Hence
adv. make preliminary sketch of (picture)
; de'spieabLY 2 adv. [f. L despicabilis f. de-
draw plan of (building &c. to be executed by (spicari cf. specere look at), -ble]
others) be a designer conceive mental plan
; ; despi'se (-z), v.t. Look down upon, contemn,
for, construct the groundwork or plot of, (book, [f. despis- st. of OF despire f. L DB(spicere =
work of art), [f. F designer appoint f. L de- specere look at)]
signare designate, with senses also of obs. F despi'te, n. & prep. Outrage, injury, con-
desseigner purpose & mod. F dessiner draw] tumely, (archaic) malice, spite, offended pride
;

designate (placed after its noun).

(-at), a. (died of mere d.) in d. of, d. of, d., notwith-
;

Appointed to office but not yet installed {bishop standing the opposition of, in the teeth of, in
d, &c). [f. L p.p. (foil., -ATE 2 )] spite of, (also in my Sec. d., in spite of my &c.
designate (-z-), v.t. Specify, particularize efforts, archaic). Hence despi'teFUL a., de-
 ; ;
;

DESPOIL. 224 DETERMINATION

spi'tefuIly adv. [f OF despit f. L despectus
2 . things impartially, free from prejudice) (Mil. ;

-us despicere see prec]

f. & Nav.) send (ship, regiment, &c) on separate
despoi'l, v.t. Plunder, spoil, rob, deprive, mission. Hence deta'ehABLE a., deta'ch-
(persou or place often of). Hence or cogn.
; edLY 2 adv., deta'chedxESs (-atsht-) n. [f. F
despoi'lER 1 despoi'lMENT, despoil a tiox,
, (de-, Rom. tacca nail, tack)]
ditacher
nn. [f. OF despoiller (now depouiller) f. L de- deta'chment, n. Detaching portion ; of
(spoliare spoil)] army, navy, or large body, separately em-
despo'nd, v.i., & n. Lose heart, be dejected
ployed standing aloof from or unaffected by ;

so despo'ndENCY n., despo'ndENT a., de- surroundings, public opinion, &c, indepen-
spo'ndentLY 2 despo-nding-Lv 2 advv. (N., dence of judgment, selfish isolation, [f. F de-
, ,

archaic, only in slough of D.) dejection, [f. L tachement (prec, -ment)]

DE(spondere promise) give up, resign] de'tail 1 , n. Dealing with things item by
de'spot, n. Absolute ruler, whence de*s- item [in d.; go into d., give the items separ-
potiST(2) n. tyrant, oppressor. So despo't- ately aiTiiy beaten in d.,in small sectional en-
; ;

ic el, despo'tiCALLY adv. [OF, f. Gk despotes] gagements) minute account, number of par- ;

de'spotism, n. Arbitrary rule State under ticulars item, small or subordinate particular,
; ;

a despot, [f. F despotisme (prec, -ism)] (bid that is a d., often iron, to call special atten-
de'squamate, v.t. & i. Strip of (in p.p.), tion) minor decoration in building, picture. ;

come off in, scales. Hence desquam a tiox &c, way of treating this (Mil.) distribution of ;

n., desqua'mativE, desqua'matORY,
[f. L v>E(squamare f. squama scale)]
dessep't (-z-). n. Course of fruit, sweetmeats,
&c, at end of dinner d. -spoon. [F, f. desservir
aa. orders of the day, small detachment, [f. F de-
tail f. detainer see foil.]
detai'l 2 , v.t. Give the particulars of, relate
; circumstantially (Mil. tell off for special duty,
; )

(des- hdis-, servir serve) clear the table]

f. [f. F detailler (de-, tailler cut, see tailor)]
destination, n. Place to which person or detai'n, v.t. Keep in confinement withhold ;

thing is bound, [f. L destinatio (foil., -ation)] (money due &c.) keep waiting, hinder, [f. OF
;

destine, v.t. Appoint, fore-ordain, devote, DE(tenir f. L -tinere -tent- = tenere hold)]
set apart, (person or thing to do, to or for a ser- detai'nep, n. (legal). Detaining of goods
vice, achievement, &c. of God, Fate, &c, or of ; taken from owner for distraint &c keeping of ;

persons; but chiefly in pass.); was destined person in confinement writ by which person ;

to, was, as we now know, to. [f. F destiner f. already arrested may be detained on another
L T>E(stinare prob. causative of stare stand)] suit. [f. AF detener OF detenir see prec, -er f. 4
J
de'stiny, n. Predetermined events person's, ; dete'et, v.t. Find out (guilty person, person
country's, &c appointed or ultimate lot power
, ; in doing) discover existence or presence of.
;

Chat fore-ordains, invincible necessity, [f. OF Hence or cogn. dete'etABLE a., dete'etiON,
desthxie (prec, -Y 4 )] dete*ctoR'2 (l, 2), nn. [f. L DE(tegere tect- cover)]
de'stitute, a. Without resources, in want detective, a. & n. Serving to detect police- ;

of necessaries devoid of. So destitu'tiON n.

; man employed to investigate special cases pri- (

[f. L DEistituere -tut- — statuere place) forsake] vate d., person undertaking special inquiries
de'stpiep, n. (hist.). War-horse. [OF, f. LL for pay amateur d., person who sets up theo-
;

dextrarius hand-led (dexter, -ary 1 )] ries on police cases), [prec, -ive]

destroy, v.t. Pull down, demolish, undo, dete'nt, n. Catch by removal of which ma-
make useless, kill, annihilate, nullify, neutral- chinery is set working, (in clocks &c.) catch that
ize effect of. Hence able a. [f. destroy OF regulates striking, [f. F detente f. ditendre
destruire ult. f. L DE(struere struct- build)] slacken (de-, L tendere stretch)]
destroy ep, n. In vbl senses esp. as abbr. ; detente (F), n. Cessation of friction or
for TORPEDO-6oa£ d. [-er l
] strained relations between States, [as prec]
destpu'etible, a. Able to be destroyed. dete'ntion, n. Detaining, being detained ;

Hence destPuetiBixiT y n. [f. L destructibilis arrest, confinement, (House of D., lock-up)

(DESTROY, -BLE)] compulsory delay (at schools) keeping in as ;

destruction, n. DESTROYing or being de- punishment, [f. L detentio (detain, -ion)]

stroyed what destroys, cause of ruin (is o ur
; detep*,v.t. (-rr-). Discourage or hinder (from,
d.). [OF, f. L destructionem (destroy, -ion)] or abs.) by or as fear, dislike of trouble, &c
destPU'etive, a. & n. Destroying deadly to, ; Hence dete*ppENT(2) a. & n., dete'ppENCE,
causing destruction of; (of criticism or policy) detep'MENT. nn. [f. L DE(terrere frighten)]
merely negative, i*ef uting &c without correct- detep'grent, a. & n. Cleansing (agent), L [f.
ing or reforming hence destPU'etiveLY 2 ; DE(tergere tcrs- wipe), -ent]
adv., destPiretiveNESs n. (N. person, thing, ) detep'iopate, v.t. & Make, grow, worse.
i.

that aims at or effects destruction. [OF (-if, Hence or cogn. detepioPA tionii., detep'io-
-ive), f. L destruetivus (destroy, -ive)] patiVE a. [f. L deteriorare (detemor worse f.
destpu'etop, n. Refuse-burning furnace. de down), -ate 3 ]
[L,= destroyer (destroy, -or 2 )] determinant, a. & n. Determining, deci-
de'suetude (-swl-), n. Passing into, state of, sive, conditioning, defining, (agent, factor, ele-
disuse, [f. F desuetude f. L DE(suetudo f. sue- ment, word), [determine, -ant]
scere suet- be wont, -tude)] detep'minate (-at), a. Limited, definite,
desu'lphuplze (-fer-), v.t. Free from sul- distinct, finite, definitive. Hence detep'min-
phur. Hence desu'lpnupizATiON n. [de-] ateL y 2 adv. detep'minateNESS n. [f L p. p. , .

de'sultopy, a. Skipping from one subject to (determine, -ate 2 )]

another, disconnected, unmethodical. Hence detepmina'tion, (Law) cessation of es- n.
de'suliopiLY 2 adv., de'sultopiNESS n. [f. tate or interest conclusion of debate judicial
; ;

Lidesultorius f. des ultor circus-rider f. DE{sult- sentence fixing of date &c delimitation, de-
; ;

= salt- p.p. st. of satire leap)] finition exact ascertainment of amount &c
;

desyno'nymize, v. t. Differentiate in sense fixed direction, decisive bias, (d. of blood to

(synonymous words), [de-, synonym, -ize] some part, tendency to flow there) settling of ;

deta'ch (-tsh), v.t. Unfasten & remove (from, purpose, fixed intention resoluteness, ; [f. L
or abs. detached mind, view, &c, regarding determinate (determine, -ation)]
;

For compounds of de- not given consult de-.

 J ;

DETERMINATIVE 225
«_
DEVIL
deter'minati ve, a. & n. (Thing) that im- not at all the d. he isn't, it is incredible that
;

pels in a certain direction ; (attribute, mark, he is not), [perh. = prec, the two at dice being
symbol) serving to define or qualify, [f. F dt- the worst throw ;_cf. G daus in same sense]
terminate (foil., -ive)] deu'eed (du-, doo-), a. Confounded great (in
detep'mine, i. &
Bring, come, to an
v.t. a d. hun*y). Hence deu'eedLY 2 adv. [-ed 2 ]
;

end (esp. in law)

limit in scope, define ; fix be-
; de'us ex ma-china (-k-), n. Power, event
forehand (date); settle, decide, (dispute, person's that comes in the nick of time to solve difficulty'
fate, what is to be done, that whether, &c), — , providential interposition, esp. in novel or play!
come to a conclusion, give decision ; be the de- [L, = god from the machinery (by which in an-
cisive factor in regard to (demand determines cient theatre gods were shown in air)]
supply); ascertain precisely, fix; give an aim deutepag-6'nist (also -a -go-), n. Person of
to, direct, impel to ; decide (person) to do ; re- next importance to protagonist in drama, [f.
solve (to do, that —
, on doing, on a course ; be Gk deuteragonistes (foil., agonistes actor)]
determined, have resolved). Hence detep*- deutepo- , comb, form of Gk deuteros second,
minABLE a. [f. OF determiner f. hDK(tc?-?nin- as d.-Isaiah, supposed later author of is.xl-lxvi,
are f. terminus end) d.-canonical of Bible books, admitted later to
detep'mined, a. In verbal senses ; also, re- Canon, deiderogamy, second marriage.
solute, unflinching, [-ed 1 ] Deutepd'nomist, n. Author, joint-authors,
detep'minism, Theory that human ac-
n. or compiler, of Deuteronomy, [-ist]
tion is not free but determined by motives re- Deutepo*nomy (also du n. Fifth book of ;
-),
garded as external forces acting on the will. Pentateuch. Hence Deutepono*mic(AL) aa.
So detep*miniST(2) n. & a., deterministic [f. L f. Gk DEUTERO(>iomz\m f. nomos law)
a. [determine -f -ism] second book of law]
detep'sive, a. & n. Cleansing (substance). deu*tzia (du-, doi-), n. White-flowered shrub.
[f. F ditersif (detergent, -ive)] [J. DeutzVSl, -ia 1
]
dete'st, v.t. Abhor, dislike intensely. Hence deux-temps (F), n. Kind of waltz more
or cogn. dete'stABLE a., dete'stableNESs n., rapid than the trois-temps. [F, - two-time]
dete*stabLY 2 adv. [f. Fdetestcrf. LvEtcstari de'vastate, v.t. Lay waste, ravage. Hence
call God to wituess against] or cogn. devastATioN, de'vastatoR 2 nn. ,
detesta'tion, n. Abhorrence (have, hold, [f. L DE(vastare f. vastus waste), -ate 3
]
ind., abhor) detested person or thing. [F
; (de-), develop, Unfold (t. & i.), reveal,
v.t. & i.
f. L detestationem (prec, -ation)] bring or come from a latent to an active or
dethpo'ne, v.t. Depose (ruler, dominant in- visible state (Mil.) open (an attack) make or
; ;

fluence). Hence dethpo'neMENT n. [de-] become fuller, more elaborate or systematic, or

de'tinue, n. (legal). Action of d., suit for re- bigger; (Photog.) treat (plate, film) soas to make
covery of thing wrongfully detained, [f. OF picture visible make progress exhibit (has de- ; ;

detenue f. p.p. of detenir detain] veloped a tendency to), come or bring to matu-
de'tonate (or de-), v.t & t. (Cause to) ex- rity. Hence deve'lopABLE a., deve'lopERi
plode with loud report. Hence or cogn. doton- (1,2) n. [f. F divelopper etym. dub.; cf. It. vi-
a'tion n., de'tonatiVE a. [f. L DK(tonare luppo wrapping]
thunder), -ate 3 ] development, n. Gradual unfolding, fuller
de'tonatop, n. Detonating contrivance working out growth evolution (of animal & ; ; ;

railway fog-signal, [-or ] 2 plant races); well-grown state stage of advance- ;

detoup (dltoor ), detoup (F), n. Deviation, ment product more elaborate form develop-
-

; ; ;

roundabout way, digression, (esp. make a d.). ing of photograph, [-ment]

:{F (de-), f. detourner (de-, turn)J developmental, a. Incidental to growth
detpa'et, v.t. & i. Take away (much, some- (d. diseases) evolutionary. Hence deve'lop- ;

thing, &c, or abs.) from a whole (esp. in sense me*ntalLY 2 adv. [-al]
reduce the credit due to, depreciate). Hence or de'viate, v.i. Turn aside, diverge, (from
«ogn. detpa'etioN, detpa'etOR 2 nn., de- course, rule, truth, &c, or abs.), digress, [f. L
,

tpa'etivE a. {f L v>%(trahere tract- draw)]

. DE(via?'e f. via way), -ate 3 ]
detpai'n, v.t. & i. Discharge, alight, from deviation, n. In vbl senses esp. deflexion of ; :

irain (troops &c; cf. entrain), [de- 4- train n.] compass-needle by iron in ship &c; divergence
de'tpiment, n. Harm, damage, (esp. with- of optic axis from normal position, [-ation]
cnit d. to). ;[F (d6-), f. L T>E(trimentum f. terere devi'ee, n. Make, look, (archaic ; things of
trit- rub, wear, -ment)] rare, strange, d.) ; (pi.) fancy, will, (left to one's
detrimental, a. &n. Harmful, causing loss, own dd.) plan, scheme, trick ; contrivance, in-
;

whence detpime'ntalLY 2 adv.; (n., slang) un- vention, thing adapted for a purpose ; drawing,
desirable suitor, e. g. younger son. [-al] design, figure emblematic or heraldic design ;
;

detPi'ted, a. (geol.). Disintegrated, formed motto. [ME &

OF devis, devise, f. L divisum,
as detritus, [detritus as p.p. + -ed ] j
-a, neut. &
fern. p.p. of divider e divide]
detpi'tion, n. Wearing away by rubbing. de'vil (-vl), n. The D., supreme spirit of evil,
l

£f. L detrit- see detriment, -ion] tempter of mankind, enemy of God, Satan;
detpi'tus, n. Matter produced by detrition, evil spirit possessing demoniac heathen god ;

as gravel, sand, silt debris. Hence detpi't al

-, superhuman malignant being wicked or cruel ;

a. [wrong use of L detritus -us — wearing down person mischievously energetic, clever, knav- ;

for detritum neut. p.p. see detriment] ish, or self-willed person, luckless or wretched
de trop (de tro ), pred. a. Not wanted, unwel-
-
person (usu. poor d.) ; vicious animal junior ;

come, in the way. [F] legal counsel working for a leader (Attorney-
deuce *, n. The two at dice or cards (Tennis) General's d., junior Counsel to Treasury) lit-
; ;

state of score (40 all, games all) at which either erary hack doing what his employer takes the
party must gain two consecutive points or credit and pay for printer's d., errand-boy in ;

games to win. [f. F deux f. L duos nom. -o two] printing-office personified evil quality (the d. ;

deuce 2, n. Plague, mischief; the devil (d. of greed &c.) fighting-spirit, energy or dash in ;

take it ; who, where, what, &c, the d. ? the d. is attack (name of) kinds of animal, bird, fire-
; ;

in it if I cannot, I certainly can play the d. work, & implement highly seasoned dish,
; ;

ivith, spoil, ruin ; the d. to pay, trouble to be esp. devilled bones. Phrases (see also those in
«xpected ; ad. of a mess ; d, k?wivs ; d. a bit, deuce 2 in all of which d. may be substituted): ,

F.D.
 ;; ;;

DEVIL 226 DHOW

a d. of a, one of an unwelcome or remarkable devo'te, v.t. Consecrate, dedicate, give up
or amusing kind is the d., a great difficulty
; — exclusively, (oneself, another, thing, esp. abili-
or nuisance like the d., with great^nergy &c;
; ties &cc.)to (God, person, pursuit, purpose) ; give
go to thed., be ruined, (imperat.) be off; the d.!, over to destruction &c. Hence devo'teMENT
excl. of annoyance or surprise d. a one, not one; ; n. [f. L DK(vovere vot- vow)]
the d. &
all, everything bad between the d. ; & devo'ted, a. In vbl senses esp. zealously ; :

the deep sea, in a dilemma give the d. his due ; ; loyal (d. friend), whence devo'tedLY 2 adv.
the d. to pay, trouble ahead talk of the d. (& ; doomed (esp. d. head), [-ed 2 ]
he will appear), said when one comes just after devotee", n. Votary of, one devoted to ;
being mentioned the tailors, ; the d. among zealously or fanatically pious person, [-ee]
row, disturbance d. on two sticks, older name ; devo'tion, n. Devoutness devoting ; ; divine
for diabolo d.'s advocate, -acy, (one who puts)
; worship, (pi.) prayers, praying, (was at his dd.),
the d.'s case against canonization, (transf.) de- whence devo'tionAL a., devo'tionalLY 2
predator, depreciation; d.'s bedpost, four of adv., devo , tionaliSM(3), devo*tionaliST(2),
clubs; d.'s bones, dice; d.'s books, cards; D.'s nn.; enthusiastic addiction or loyalty (to, or
Own, 88th Foot, Inns of Court Volunteers d.'s ; abs.). [OF (-cion) f.L devotionem (devote, -ion)]
tattoo devil's in many plant-names, esp. d.'s-
; devour* (-owr), v.t. Eat (of beasts) eat like ;

oi£,kind of scabious; d.'s coach-horse, large cock- a beast or ravenously ; (bibl.) consume reckless-
tail beetle d.'s dust, shoddy. D.-dodger, prea-
; ly,waste, destroy, pillage, (substance, property,
cher, parson d.-Jish, name of many kinds d.-
; ; or its owners) kill, decimate, (of fire, sword,
;

may-care, reckless, rollicking. Hence de'vil- plague, &c.) engulf; take in greedily with
;

dom, de'vilHOOD, nn., de*vilwARo(s) adv. ears or eyes (book, story, beauty or beautiful
[OE deofol (perh. f. L) f. Gk diabolos slanderer person) absorb the attention of (devoured by
;

(diaballo slander f. dia through, ballo throw)] anxiety) (poet.) d. the way &c, go fast, esp. of
;

de'vil 2 , v.i. & t. (-11-). Work as lawyer's or horses. Hence devour'ingLY- adv. [f. OF
author's d. (usu. for principal) with hot ; grill devorer f. L T>K(vorare swallow)]
condiments, [f. prec] devou't (-owt), a. Reverential, religious,
de'vilish, a. (-vil-), & adv. (-vl-). Like, worthy pious, (of person, act, &c), whence devou't-
of, the devil, damnable; hence de'vilishLY 2 ness n. earnest, hearty, genuine. Hence de-
;

adv., de'vilishNESS n. (Adv.) very, [-ish 1 ] vou'tLY 2 adv. [f. OF devot f. L p.p. (devote)]
de'vilism (-vil-), n. Devilish quality or con- dew \ n. Atmospheric vapour condensed in
duct ; worsbip of devils, [-ism] small drops on cool surfaces from evening to
de'vilment (-vl-), n. Mischief, wild spirits morning freshness, refreshing or gently steal-
;

devilish or strange phenomenon, [-ment]
de'vilpy(-vl-), -tpy,n. Diabolical art, magic;
the devil and his works wickedness, cruelty;
reckless mischief, daring, or hilarity ; demono-
ing influence, (usu. of sleep, eloquence, youth,
music, &c); any beaded or glistening moisture,
; esp. tears, sweat; mountain-d., illicitly dis-
tilled whisky dewberry, kind of blackberry
;

logv devils, [{-try corrupt, of) -ry]

; d.-claw, rudimentary inner toe of some dogs ;

de'vious, a. Remote, sequestered winding, ; d.-drop d.-fall, time when d. begins to form,
;

circuitous, erratic erring. ; Hence de'vious- evening d.-point, temperature at which it

;

ly 2 adv., de'viousNESS n. [f. L VE(vius f. via forms d.-rake, for surface of grass or stubble
;

way) + -ous] d.-ret v.t., ret by exposure to d. instead of

devi'se (-z), v.t., & n. (Law) assign, give, steepingin water d.-worm, large garden worm. ;

(realty; cf. bequeath) by will (n., this act, Hence dewLESS, dewY 2 , aa., dewiLY 2
clause effecting it), whence devi'soR 2 de- , adv., dewiNESS n. [OE diaiv, com.-Teut. cf.
visEE nn. -
plan, contrive, invent, plot,
, ; Du. dauw, G tail]
scheme, (thing, how, orabs.). Hence or cogn. dew 2 , v.t. & i. (Impers.) form or fall as d.
devi'SABLE a., devi'SER 2 (4), n. [f. OF deviser (it beginning to d.) ; bedew, moisten. [ME
is
f. LL frequent, of L dividere -is- divide] dtwen as prec]
devrtalize, v.t. Make lifeless or effete. dewlap, n. Fold of loose skin hanging from
Hence devitalizATiON n. [de-] throat of cattle (& transf. of other animals or
devi'tpify, Deprive of vitreous quality,
v.t. men). Hencedew*lappED 2 a. [dcw-oi doubt-
make opaque & crystal-
(glass or vitreous rock) ful etym. & sense, cf. Da. doglxb -lap f. OE ;

line. Hence devitPiFiCA*TiON n. [de-] laeppa skirt, lobe]

devoi'd, a. Destitute, empty, of. [short p.p. de'xtep, Of or on the right-hand side (in
a.
of obs. devoid f. OF DE(vuidier f. vide void)] Heraldry, to the spectator's left). [L, compara-
de'voip (-vwar), n. Duty, one's best, (do one's tive (cf. -ther) f. dex- cf. Gk dexios, Goth.
d.) (pi.) courteous attentions (pay one's dd. to).
; taihswa, Skr. daksha]
[ME dever f. OF deveir f. L debere owe] dexte'Pity, n. Manual or mental adroitness,
de'volute (-oot), v.t. Transfer by devolution, skill, neatness of handling right-handedness, ;

depute, (work). [f.L p.p. st. see devolve] using of right hand. [f. E DEXTERitas -ity)]
devolution Descent through a (-loo-), n. de'xtpin, Soluble gummy sub-
n. (chem.).
series of changes descent of property by due ; stance obtained from starch & used on adhesive
succession lapse of unexercised right to ulti-
; stamps &c. [as foil. + -in]
mate owner (Biol.) degradation of species (cf.
; dextpo-, comb, form of L dexter, esp. in
evolution) deputing, delegation, of work or
; terms concerned w. chem. property of causing
power (esp. by House of Parliament to its com- plane of polarized light ray to rotate to right
mittees), [f. med. L devolutio (foil., -ion)] (opp. laevo-, which see for compounds).
devo'lve, v.t. & i. Throw (duty, work), (of de'xtpose, n. (chem.). Dextro-rotatory form
duties) be thrown, (deputy, fall, descend, upon of glucose, [prec. , -ose 2]
or one who must act for want of others) de- ; de'xtpous, -tep-, a. Neat-handed, deft;
scend, fall by succession, (to, upon, or abs.). [f. mentally adroit, clever using right hand by ;

L T>E(volvere volut- roll)] preference. Hence de*xt(e)POUsLY 2 adv.

Devonian, a. & n. (Native) of Devonshire [dexter + -ous -tr- correct but less common] ;
(Geol.) (of) the formation lying above the Silu- d(h)ow (dow), n. Single-masted Arabian-Sea
rian & below the Carboniferous, [-ian] ship of about 200 tons any Arab ship, esp. as ;

For compounds of de- not given consult de-.

 J ;;; ;;

DHURRIE 227 DIAMETER

used in E.-Afr. slave-trading, [etym. dub. diagonal, a. & n. (Straight line) joining
spelling dow more correct but rare] two non-adjacent angles of rectilineal figure or
d(n)u*ppie, n. Indian rectangular fringed solid contained by planes obliquely placed ;

cotton carpet used for sofa-covers, curtains, &c. like the d. of a parallelogram (d. roiu or d., as
[f. Hind, dari spelling as prec]
; of the squares of the same colour on chess-
di- 1 , pref. Form of L dis- (which see for board), inclined at other than a right angle,
meaning) used before b, d, I, m, n, r, s + cons., having some part so inclined (d. cloth or d.,
•», usu. g, & sometimes j. In LL & Rom. often twilled with ridges oblique to the lists). Hence
replaced by dis- (so dismiss), in OF & ME often dia'g-onalL y 2 adv. [f. L diagonalis f Gk dia- .

varying with dc- (so defer x f L differre). Not . {gonios f. gonia angle), -al]
a living pref. in E. drag-pam, n. (Geoni.) figure made of lines
di- 2, pref. f. Gk di- - dis twice, two-, double-. used in proving &c sketch showing the fea- ;

In many E wds, & as living pref. in Chein. with tures of an object needed for exposition sym- ;

various special uses. bolic representation, by lines, of process, force,

di- 3 , pref. —foil, before vowel. &c Hence or cogn. diagramma'tic a.,
di(a)-, pref. f. Gk prep, or pref. dia through, diagramma'tiCALLY adv., diag-pa'mma-
thorough(ly), apart, across. In Gk words taken F diagramvxe f. L f. Gk dia-
ti£E(l) v.t. [f.
direct, or through L or F & L also in many ; (gramma -atos f. grapho write, -m)]
scientific words made with Gk elements or on di'agpaph, n. Instrument for drawing pro-
Gk analogy. jections, enlarging maps, &c, mechanically,
diabetes, n. Disease with excessive glucose- [f. F diagraphe (prec, -graph)]
charged urine, thirst, & emaciation. [L f. Gk, di'al, n. , & v. t. (-11-). (Usu. 8un-d. instrument )

f. niA(baino go) showing hour by sun's shadow on graduated

diabetic, a. & n. Of diabetes (person) plate (also d.-plate) face of clock or watch
; ;

suffering from diabetes, [f. F diabetique f. L plate in steam-gauge, gas-meter, &c, on which
diabeticics (prec, -ic)] pressure, consumption, &c, are indicated by
dia'blei'ie (-ah-), n. Devil's business sorcery index-finger (vb) measure, indicate, (as) with
;
;

wild recklessness devil-lore. [F {diablc f. L d. [prob. f. med. L (rota) dialis daily (wheel)
;

diabolus devil, -rv)J f. L dies day, -al hardly found outside E] ;

diabo'lic(al), aa. Of, having to do with, pro- di'alect, n. Form of speech peculiar to a
ceeding from, externally the devil (usu. like, district, class, or person, subordinate variety
-ic) fiendish, atrociously cruel or wicked, (usu.
; of a language with distinguishable vocabulary,
-ical). Hence diabo'liealLY adv. [f. F dia-
2 pronunciation, or idioms. Hence dialeetA La.,
bolique f. L f. Gk diabolikos (devil, -ic) + -al] diale'ctalLY 2 adv., dialeeto'LOGY, dia-
dia'bolism, n. Sorcery devilish conduct : leeto'LociST, nn. [f. L f. Gk dialektos f. dia-
or nature belief in or worship of the devil, [f.
; legoviai converse]
Gk diabolos devil + -ism] dialectic 1
, n. (often in pi.). Art of investi-
dia'bolize, v.t. Make into, represent as, a gating the truth of opinions, testing of truth by
devil, [as prec. -ize] + discission, logical disputation (Mod. Philos. ; ;

dia'bolo (or di-), n. Game with two-headed not in pi.) criticism dealing with metaphysical
top &
sticks, [mod. fancy formation; older contradictions & their solutions. So dialect-
devil on two sticks] rciAN n. [f. OF dialectique f. L f. Gk dialektike
dia'ehylon, -ehylum, (k), -eulum, ri. (tekhne art) of debate (prec, -ic)]
Sticking-plaster of litharge, olive oil, water, & dialectic 2, a. & n. Logical, of disputation ;
on linen, [med. L (-ylum) f. Gk dia khulon by (person) skilled in critical inquiry by discussion ;

juices -culum by confus. w. -cule]

; = DiALECTaZ. [f. L f. Gk dialektikos (-ic)]
dia'conal, a. Of a deacon, [f. ~LLdiaconalis dialectical, a. = dialectic 2 (adj.) = dia- ;

(DEACON, -AL)] lect^; belonging to dialectic 1 in mod.-Phi-

dia'conate (-at), n. Office of, one's time as, los^ sense. Hence diale'cticalLY 2 adv. [-al]
deacon deacons, [f. LL (-tus),
; as deacon, -ate 1 ] dialo'g-ic (-j-), a. In, of, dialogue, [f. med.
diaepi'tieal, a. Distinguishing, distinctive, L dialogicus (dialogue, -ic)]
esp. d. wiarks used in printing to indicate differ- dia'log-ist (-j-), n. Speaker in, writer of, dia-
ent sounds of a letter, accents, diaeresis, cedilla, logue. (?. L f. Gk dialogistes (foil., -ist)]
&c. ; capable of seeing distinctions, [f. Gk dia- di'alog'ue Conversation piece of
(-6g), n. ;
(kritikos see critic) + -al] written work in conversational form, this kind
diactrnie, a. Transmitting, transparent to, of composition (written in d.) the conversa- ;

the actinic rays, [di- 3 , Gk aktis -inos ray, -ic] tional part in a novel. Hence di'alog'ue- wise
di'adem, Crown, or plain or jewelled
n. adv. [f. 13th-c F dialoge f. L f. Gk dialogos
fillet, as badge of sovereignty wreath of leaves (DiAlego?nai converse)]
;

or flowers worn round head sovereignty dia'lysis, n. (pi. -yses). Parting of colloid
;

crowning distinction or glory. Hence di'a- from crystalloid parts of mixture by filtration
demED a. [f. 13th-c. F dyademe f. L f. Gk through parchment floating in water. Hence
2
DiA(denia f. deo bind, -m)] di'alyse (-z), v.t. [f. Gk r>iA(lusis f. luoloose)]
diaep'esis (dier-), n. (pi. -eses). Mark (as in dialy'tic, a. (chem.). Of, by, dialysis, [f. Gk
aerate) over second of two vowels indicating T>iA(lntikos f. lutos loosed f. luo loose, -ic)]
that they are not one sound. [L, f. Gk diairesis diamag-ne'tie, a. & n. Tending to lie E. &
(Di- 3 haired take) separation]
, W., across the magnetic axis, when suspended
diagno'se (-z), v.t. Determine from symp- freely & acted on by magnetism of d. bodies ;

toms the nature of (a disease), [f. foil.] or diamagnetism a d. body or substance. ;

diagno'sis, n. (pi. -oses). Identification of Hence diamag-ne'tiCALLY adv., diama'g-

disease by means of patient's symptoms &c, netizE(3) v.t. [dia-]
formal statement of this classification of per- diama*g netism,n. Diamagnetic tendency
;
,

son's character, assignment of species &c. [L f. the diamagnetic branch of magnetism, [dia-]
Gk (dia-,gignosko recognize)] dlamanti'fepous, a. Diamond-yielding,
diag-no'stie, a. & n. Of, assisting, diagnosis [f. F diamant diamond, -i-, -ferous]
symptom. Hence diagnostics n., dia- dia'metep, n. Straight line passing from
grno'stiCALLY adv., diagnostrciAN n. [f. any body or geom. figure through
side to side of
Gk DiA(gnostikos f. gnostos known, prec, -ic)] centre (with special geom. applications for
 ;;; ;

DIAMETRICAL. 228 DICKER

curves), transverse measurement, width, thick- diate'ssapon, n. Harmony of the four gos-
ness ; unit of linear measurement of magnify - pels.[OF, f. L f. Gk dia tessaron by four]
ing-power (lens magnifying 2000 ddj. So dia*- diathep'maney, h., diather'manous,
metPAL a., dia*metralLY 2 adv. [f. OF dia- diathep'mic, aa. (Having the) quality of
metre f. L f. Gk mxmetros (gramme line) mea- transmitting radiant heat. [f. F diathermansie,
suring across f. metron measure] diathermane + -ous, diathermique, f. Gk dia-
diame'tpical, a. Of, along, a diameter, dia- (theiinansis f. thermaino f. thermos warm)]
metral (of opposition, difference, &c.) direct,
; dia'thesis, n. (med. ; pi. -eses). Constitu-
complete, like that between opposite ends of tional predisposition. [Gk, f. T>iA(tithemij)\a,ce)]
diameter. Hence diame'tpiealLY 2 adv. [f. di'atom, n. Member of genus Diatoma,
Gk diametrikos (prec, -ic) + -al] microscopic unicellular Algae at bottom of sea
di'amor.d, n., a., & v.t. Colourless or tinted & forming fossil deposits. So diatom a ceous
precious stone of pure carbon crystallized in a. [f. Gk
DiA(tomos f. temno cut) alluding to the
octahedrons & allied forms, harder than any cells' being connected in easily separable chains]
other known substance (cut into table, rose, diatd'mic, a. (chem.). Consisting of two
& brilliant 2 ; Bristol, Cornish, &c., d., gems atoms having two replaceable atoms of hydro-
;

resembling it black d., dark-coloured d., coal

; gen. [di- 2 atom, -ic],

rough d., not yet cut, person of intrinsic worth diatd'nic, a. (mus.). (Of scale) proceeding by
but rough manners d. cut d., of persons well; notes proper to key without chromatic altera-
matched in wit or cunning) glittering particle ; tion ; (of harmonies) constructed
melodies &
or point (usu. glazier's or cutting d.) tool with
; from such a F diatonique f. L f. Gk
scale, [f.
small d. for glass-cutting figure shaped like ; Di\(tonikos tonic) with intervals of a tone]
section of d., rhomb playing-card bearing this ; di'atpibe, n. Piece of bitter criticism, invec-
(dd., the suit a small d., one of lower cards)
; tive, denunciation. [F, f. L f. Gk (-e) = wearing
a printing type d.-back, kinds of moth &
; away of time, discourse, f. DiA(tribo rub)]
turtle d. cement, for setting dd. ; d.-drill, set
; dib, v.i. =dap. [var. of dab, whence also dap]
with dd. for boring hard substance d.-field, ; diba'sic, a. (chem.). Having two bases or two
tract yielding dd. i d.-point, d. -tipped stylus atoms of a base, [di- 2 base i] ,

used in engraving, (usu. pi.) place where two di'bbep, n. Instrument for dibbling, dibble,
lines or rails intersect obliquely d.-snake, : [f. dib, now used thus only in dibbing-stick)
Australian & Tasmanian kinds ; d. wedding, di'bble, n., & v.t. & i. Instrument for making
60th anniversary; hence diamondi'FEROUS holes in ground for seeds &c. (Vb) prepare (soil)
a., di'amondwiSE adv. (Adj.) made of, set with this sow or plant thus use a d. [perh. f.
; ;

with, d. or dd., rhomb-shaped. (Vb) adorn with dib + -le(1), but found much earlier]
dd., dewdrops, &c. [ME & OY'diamantt LtLdia- dibs, n. pi. (Child's game with) sheep's
mantem noru. -as f. L f. Gk adamas adamant] knuckle • bones counters at cards ; (slang) ;

Dia'na, n. Horse-woman, lady who hunts. money, [prob. f. dib cf. earlier dib-stones] ;

[L. goddess of the chase]
dlapa'son (-zn), n. Combination of notes or
parts in harmonious whole melody, strain,
esp. grand swelling burst of harmony compass
of voice or instrument range, scope ; fixed
standard of musical pitch open, closed or
stopped, d., two principal foundation-stops in
di'cast, diea'stepy, nn. (Gk Antiq.). (Mem-
ber of) Athenian jury (-ery), which gave both
; verdict &
sentence, [f. Gk dikastes, dikaste-
; rion, (dikazo to judge f. dike right)]
; dice 1 , a. pi. See die K
; diee^, v.i. & t. Play dice \ whence di'CER l
n. ; gamble away at dice chequer, mark with ;

organ. [L, f. Gk dia pason (khordon) through squares, [f. prec.l

all (strings) f. pas all] di'ee-box, n. Box of hour-glass shape from
di'apep, n., & Linen fabric with small which dice are thrown d.-insulator, piece of
v.t. ;

diamond pattern baby's napkin of this orna- porcelain so shaped supporting telegraph wire.
; ;

mental design of diamond reticulation for dichlamy'deous, a. (bot.). Having calyx

panels, walls, &c. (vb, decorate with this). & corolla, [di- 2 Gk khlamus -udos cloak, -eous] ,

[f. OF cliapre f. Byzant. Gk diaspros adj. f. dicho'gamous (-k-), a. (bot.). Having stam-
dia-, aspros white] ens & pistils that mature at different times, so
dia'phanous, a. Transparent, [f. med. L that self-fertilization is impossible, [f. Gk di-
diaphanus f. Gk T>iA(phanes -showing f. kho- asunder, -gamos -married]
phaino show) -f -ous] diehd'tomy (-k-), n. Division into two
di'aphpag-m (-am), n. Muscular & tendin- binary classification; (Bot. & Zool.) repeated
ous partition separating thorax from abdomen bifurcation. So diehotd'mic, diebo'to-
in mammals in shell-fish, plant
; partition mous, aa., diehd'tomisTd) n., dicbo'to-
tissues, & various
instruments, esp., in optics, mizE(l, 3) v.t. & i., diehotomousLY 2 adv.
opaque disk pierced with circular hole. So [as prec, -tomy]
diaphpag-ma'tic (-gm-) a. [f. L f. Gk dia- diehpo'ie, a. Showing two colours (esp. of
(phragma phrasso hedge in, -m)]
-atos f. doubly refracting crystals), [f. Gk Di -(khroos
di'apist, n. One who keeps a diary. Hence f. khros colour) + -ic]
diaprstic a. [diary + -ist] diehpoma'tie, a. Two -coloured (esp. of
di'apize, v.i. & t. Keep, enter in, a diary. animal species of which individuals show dif-
[diary, -ize] ferent colorations), [di- 2 + Gk khromatikos
•diarrhoea (diare'a), n. Excessive looseness (khroma -atos colour, -ic)]
of bowels. Hence diapphoe'AL, diapphoe*- diehpo'mie, a. With only two colours (esp.
ic, aa. [L, f. Gk DiA(rr/ioi'a f.
rheo flow)] of colour-blind vision seeing two of three prim-
di'apy, n. Daily record of events, journal ary colours). [Gk dikhromos (prec.) + -ic]
book prepared for keeping this in; calendar dick, n. (slang). Take one's d. that or to it,
with daily memoranda esp. for persons of a swear, affirm, [prob. for declaration]
profession. Hence diap'iAL di'ckens, n. (colloq.). Devil, deuce, [from
Earticular
diarium (dies day, -ary a
)J
a. [f.
1598 ; prob. use of Dickon= Richard, or the sur-
dia'stoie, n. Dilatation of heart or artery name Dickens, as alliterative substitute]
alternating with systole, & with it forming di'ekep Kn. (commerc. ). Half-score, ten, esp.
pulse (systole &
d. often fig. of reaction, fluctua- of hides. [ME dyker cf. G decher f. L decuria
tion, &c). [med.L f. Gk, f. DiA(stell6 send)] set of ten (decern)]
 ;;
.: ;;;

DICKER 229 DIFFERENTIAL

di'ekeP Trade by barter, chaffer,
2 , v.i. (U.S.). death, archaic or playful d. game, fighting, ;

haggle, [prob. f. prec. through the barter in not tamely d. hard, not without struggle d.
;
;

skins with Indians] in one's bed, of age or illness, in one's shoes, by

di'eky, -ey, n. (colloq. &
slang). Donkey violence, in harness, Avhile still at work, in
(also d.-bird) small bird ; false shirt-front pin- ;
last ditch, desperately defending something
afore or apron driver's seat servant's seat at
; ; never say d., not give in, keep up courage)
back of carriage, [etyrn. dub. some senses f. ; (bibl.) suffer as in death (/ d. daily), suffer
the male name] spiritual death, d. unto, escape thraldom of
di'cky, a. (slang). Unsound, shaky. [?] (sin) be dying for, to do, have great desire d.
; ;

dieoty le'don, n. Flowering plant with two of laughing, laugh to exhaustion (of plants ;

cotyledons. Hence dicotyledonous a. [di- 2 ] &c) lose vital force, decay; come to an end,
di'ctate \ n. Authoritative direction (usu. cease to exist, go out, disappear, be forgotten,
of reason, conscience, nature, &c. often pi.). ; fade away, (of flame, fame, sound, &c secret ;

[f. L dictatum neut. p.p. see foil.] dies with one often away, down, off, out) die-
; ;

dieta'te 2, v. t. & i. Say or read aloud (matter away adj., languishing; Die-hards. 57th Regi-
to be written down, often to writer also abs.) ; ment of Foot. IME deghen perh. f. OX deyja cf.
prescribe, lay down authoritatively, (terms, OHG touican f. OTeut. daw-j-an]
thing to be done of person, also of motive
;
diele'etpie, a. & n. Insulating (medium or
&c.) lay down the law, give orders, {will not
; substance), non - conductive, non - conductor.
be dictated to). So dietA'TiON n. [f. L dictare [di-3 + electric = through which electricity is
frequent, of dicere diet- say, -ate 3] transmitted (without conduction)]
dieta'top, n. Absolute ruler, usu. temporary tf/'es ir'ae, n. Day of Judgment; Latin
or irregular, of a State, esp. one who suppresses hymn beginning so. [L, = day of wrath]
or succeeds a republican government person ;
rf/*es non, n. (Law) day on which no legal
with absolute authority in any sphere one ; business is done (transf.) day that does not
;

who dictates to writer. Hence dicta'topsHip, count or cannot be used. [L, short for d. n.
dieta*tPESS 1 nn. [L (prec, -or 2 )]
, juridicus non-judicial day]
dietatop'ial, a. Of dictator imperious, ; di'et 1 (-et), n., & v.t. Way of feeding; pre-
overbearing. Hence dietatop'ialLY 2 adv. [f scribed course of food, regimen, whence diet-
L dictatoHus f. prec. + -al] arian n. one's habiUial food (vb) feed (per-
; ;

di'etion, n. Wording & phrasing, verbal son, oneself) on special food as medical regimen
style, [f. L dictio
(dicere diet- say, -ion)] or punishment, [f. OF diete(r) f. L f. Gk diaita
di'etionapy, n. Book dealing, usu. in alpha- way of life perh. f. zao live]
betical order, with the words of a language or di'et 2 , Conference, congress, on national
n.
of some special subject, author, &c, wordbook, or international business; meeting of the
lexicon, (French-English &c. d., of French &c. estates of the realm or confederation (esp. as
words with English &c. explanation d. of ; Engl, name for foreign parliamentary assem-
architecture or the Bible, Shaksperc d., &c.) blies), [f. med.L diet a assembly, clay's work
walking or living d., well-informed person ; d. prob. f. diaeta diet 1 confused with dies day]
English, style, &c, over-correct, pedantic, [f. di'etapy, n. & a. (Course) of diet allowance ;

med.L dictionarium (prec, -aey )] 1 or character of food in hospital, workhouse, &c

di'etum, n. (pi. -a, -urns). Formal saying, [f. L diaetarius -urn (diet l -art 2 )] ,

pronouncement; (Law) judge's expression of diete'tie, a. Of diet. Hence dietetics n.,

opinion not having legal validity maxim, cur- ; diete'tiCALLY adv. [f. L f. Gk diaitetikos
rent saying. [L, neut. p.p. of dicere say] (diaitet- f. diaitad vb f. diaita diet 1 -ic)] ,

did. See do. dif-, pref. = dis- before/ in L wds. Sometimes

dida'ctic (or di-), a. Meant to instruct; changed in OF to de- (defy, defer 1 ).
having the mannc of a teacher. Hence di- di'ffep, v.i. Be unlike be' distinguishable ;

da'ctiCALLY adv dida'etieiSM n. [f. Gk , from be at variance, disagree, (from, with,

;

didaktikos (didasko teach)] or abs. agree to d., give up attempt to con-

;

di'dappep, n. Small diving water-fowl, [for vince each other), [f. F differcr (cf. defer 1 ) f.
dive-dapper f. earlier divedapl. OEdufedoppa L T>iF(fcrre bear, tend)]
(dufan dive -f doppa cf. dip)] di*rTepenee,n.,&v.t. Beingdifferent, dissim-
di*ddle,v.t. (slang). Cheat, swindle, fperh. ilarity, non-identity (distinction without d.)
back-formation f. Jeremy Diddler in Kenney's point in which things differ quantity by which ;

Raising the Wind, 1803] amounts differ, remainder after subtraction,

didst. 2 sing, past of do. (split the d., come to compromise) change in :

didy'mium, n. (chem.). A rare metal, [f. price of stocks &c between certain dates (pay,
Gk didumos twin + -ium (from its being always meet, the d.) disagreement in opinion, dispute,
;

found with lanthanium)] quarrel characteristic mark distinguishing in-

;

die K n. (pi. dice, dies). 1. (PI. dice) small cube dividual or species, differentia (vb, serve as
with races bearing 1-6 spots used in games of distinguishing mark of, differentiate) make a. ;

chance dice, game played with these ; the d. is

; d. between, treat differently ; it makes a great
cast, course irrevocably decided upon the d., ; d. is important, [f F difference f. L differentia
, .

at stake as straight, true, as a d. 2. (PI. dies)

; (foil., -ence)]
(Arch.) plinth, cubic part of pedestal between di'fFepent, a. Not the same, unlike, of other
base & cornice engraved stamp for coining,
; nature, form, or quality, (from, to, than, all
striking medal, embossing paper, &c d.-sinker, ; used by good writers past and present, than
engraver of dd. [ME & OF de f. li datum neut. chiefly where a prep, is inconvenient). Hence
p.p. of dare give, perh. in sense what is given by di'ffepentLY 2 adv. [f. F different f. L differ-
fate for pi. dice (perh. felt as collective) cf.
; ent- part, st. (differ, -ent)]
pence, the orig. pi. truce, also mice &c] diffepe'ntia (-shia), n. (pi. -ae). Distinguish-
die 2, v.i. (dying). Cease to live, expire, (of ill- ing mark, esp. of species. [L, see difference]
ness, hunger, &c, by violence, the sword, one's diffepe'ntial (-shl), a. & n. Of, exhibiting,
own hand, from wound &c, through neglect, depending on, a difference (d. duties, charges,
on scaffold, at the stake, in battle,/or friend, tariff, that differ according to circumstances)
cause, &c, in poverty; d. a beggar, martyr; constituting a specific difference, distinctive,
d. a glorious^ dog's, death; d. the death, be put to relating to specific differences (d. diagnosis)
 ;

DIFFERENTIATE 230 DIKE

(Physics, Mech.) concerning the difference of form, classify; summarize think over, arrange ;

two or more motions, pressures, &c. (n.,math.) in the mind prepare (food) in stomach and
; ;

infinitesimal difference between consecutive bowels for assimilation (intr. of food, admit of
values of continuously varying quantity (d. digestion digests well, will not d. (of drugs, ; ) ;

calculus, method of calculating this). Hence wine, &c.) promote digestion of; assimilate
difFepe'ntialLY 2 adv. [f. rned.L differentia- (conquered territory &c); brook, endure, be
lly (DIFFERENCE, -AL)J reconciled to, (insult, opinion) get mental ;

diffepe'ntiate (-shi-), v.t. & i. Constitute nourishment from. Hence dige'stiBLE a.,
the difference between, of, or in develop (t. & dig-estiBFLiTY n., dige'stibLY adv. [f. L
;
2

i.) into unlikeness, specialize, (species, organs, di 1 (ge?'ere gest- carry) sort]
functions, synonyms) discriminate, discrimin- ; dige'step, n. In vbl senses esp. in cookery, ;

ate between. Hence differentiA -tion n. [f. stock-pot {cf. foil.). [-ER 1 ]
med.L different iare, -ate ] digestion (-stshn), n. Digesting (hard, easy,
:i

«f#*#fic//e(-el), a. Unaccommodating, exigent, of d.) of physical or mental food power of ;

hard to deal with, persuade, &c. [F] digesting (a good, weak, d. long steeping in ) ;

difficult, a. Hard to do or practise, trouble- hot fluid to extract essence, stewing. [F, f.
some, perplexing, (often d. of access, to answer, L digestionem (digest -ion)] 2 ,

&c.) =prec. [perh. back-formation f. foil.]

; dige'stive, a. & n. Of, promoting, digestion
difficulty (-ikl-), n. Being hard to do {with substance aiding digestion ointment to pro- ;

d., often as adv. = not easily) or obscure some- mote suppuration. Hence dige'stiveLY 2 adv.
;

thing hard or obscure hindrance embarrass- [F (-if, -ive), f. L digestivus (digest 2 -ive)]
; ; ,

ment of affairs, esp. want of money reluctance, di'ggep, n. In vbl senses ; also or esp. (also
; :

demur, objection, (make dd.,be unaccommodat- gold-d.) one who digs or searches for gold in -

ing), [f. L dif( ficultas=facultas faculty)] gold-fields; Dd., N.-Amer. Indians living on
di'ffidenee, h. Self-distrust, excessive mod- roots digging-part of various machines (also ; ;

esty, shyness, [f. L diffidentia (foil., -ence)] d.-wasp) division of Hymenoptera. [-er l ]
di'ffident, a. Wanting in self-confidence, di'gging, n. In vbl senses also or esp. (pi., ; :

bashful. Hence di'ffidentLY 2 adv. [f. Ldif- sometimes a diggings) mine or gold-field (pi., :

(Odere trust), -ent] colloq.) lodgings, [-ing 1 ]

di'ffluenee, n., di'ffluent, a. Flowing dight (dit), v.t. (archaic, chiefly in p.p. &
apart, becoming fluid deliquescence, delique- dight).
; Clothe, array, adorn make ready, ;

scent, [f. L T>iF(Jluere flow), -ent, -ence] [common in ME, with many meanings obs. :

diffpa'et, v.t. (opt.). (Of edge of opaque body) exc. dial. f. 1670 to 1800 revived by Scott, ; &
break up (beam of light) into series of dark and now as above OE dihtan f. L dictare dictate, ;

light bands or coloured spectra. So diffpa'e- whence also G dichten write poetry]
tiON n., diffpa*ctivE a., diffpa'etiveLY 2 adv. di'git (-j-), n. Finger or toe (facet., or in Zool.
(f. L T>iF(frangere fract- break)] or Anat. finger's breadth any numeral from )
; ;

diffirse (s), a. Spread out, diffused, not

l con- to 9 (Astron.) twelfth part of sun's or moon's ;

centrated, (of light, inflammation, &c); not con- diameter (in measuring eclipse). So di'gitAL
cise, long-winded. Hence diffu'seLY 2 adv., a. [f. L digitus]
difFirseNESS n. [f. L DiF(fundere fits- pour)] digita'lis (-j-), n. Medicine prepared from
diffirse 2 (-z), v.t. & i. Send forth, shed fox-glove. [rnod.L, = fox-glove, transl. of its
abroad, (light, particles, heat, geniality, know- G name fingcrhut thimble (digit, -alI]
ledge, rumour) (Physics) intermingle (t.
;
i. of &
di'gitate (-at), -ated, a. (zool., bot.). With
gases or fluids) by diffusion, whence diffu's- divided fingers or toes with deep radiating ;

ible (-z-) a., diffusiBFLiTY (-z-) n. Hence or divisions. Hence digitA'TiON n., digita'to-
cogn. diffirsiON (-zhn) n.. diffirsiVE (-s-) a., comb. form. [f. L digitatus (digit, -ate 2 )]
diffu*siveLY 2 (-s-) adv., diffu'siveNESs (-s-) di'gitigpade, a. (zool.). Walking on toes,
n. [f. L prec]
diffus- see not touching ground with heel, (cf. planti-
dig", v.t. & i. {dug, formerly also digged), & grade). [F (L digitus, -i-, -gradus -walking)]
n. Use spade or mattock, claws, hands, or di'gnify, v.t. Make worthy confer dignity ;

snout, in excavating or turning over ground ;

upon, ennoble make stately (p.p., marked by
;

make research (for information, into author dignity, self-respecting, stately) speak of by ;

&c); make way by digging into, through, high-flown title (school dignified with name of
under excavate or turn up (ground) with spade
; college), [f. OF dignifier f. med.L dignificare
&c. make (hole &c.) by digging; get by dig-
; (dignus worthy, -FY)]
ging (potatoes) thrust (spurs, one's nails, feet,
; di'gnitapy, n. Person holding high office,
point of weapon) into something or in poke ;
esp. ecclesiastical, [f. as foil, -f -ary x ] L
(person in the ribs) d. out, get, And, make, by
; di'gnity, n. True worth, excellence, (the d.
digging; d. up, break up (fallow land). (X.) of labour) high estate or estimation (beneath
:

piece of digging thrust, poke, (esp. in the ribs

; ; one's d., unfit for one to do) honourable office, ;

also remark directed against), [prob.

fig. d. at, rank, or title ; elevation of manner, proper
f. F diguer cf. F digue dike from 14th c. only, ; stateliness. [f. OF f. L dignitatem dignete
not in OE, nor directly related to dike] (dignus worthy, -ty) cf. dainty] ;

diga'mma, n. Sixth letter (F. in sound - w) di'gpaph, n. Grotip of two letters express-
of original Gk alphabet, later disused, but im- ing one "sound, as ch, ea. [di- 2 Gk graphe ,

portant in philology. [L f. Gk (di- 2 gamma)] , writing]

di'gamy, n. Taking, having, a second spouse. digpe'ss (or di-), v.i. Diverge from the
Hence or cogn. di*gamiST(l) n., di'gamous track, stray; depart from the main subject
a. [f. L f. Gk ~D\Hgamia f. -gamos -married)] temporarily in speech or writing. Hence or
diga'stpie, a. & n. (anat,). With two swell- cogn. digpe'ssiON n., digpe'ssiVE a. [f. L
ing ends muscles)
(of muscle of lower jaw. ; T>i l (gredi = gradi walk gress-)]
[di- 2 , Gk gaster -tr- belly, -ic] dike, dyke, n., & v.t. Ditch natural water- ;

di'gest 1 (-j-), n. Methodical compendium or course low wall esp. of turf embankment,
; ;

summary, esp. of a body of laws (the D., that long ridge, dam, against flooding, esp. those in
compiled by order of Justinian), [f. L digesta Holland against sea causeway (fig.) barrier, ; ;

neut.pi. p.p. see foil.] obstacle, defence; (Mining & Geol.) fissure in
dige'st 2, v.t. i. & Reduce into systematic stratum filled with deposited matter, this mat-
 =;; ;;

DILAPIDATE 231 DINGHY

ter ; d.-reeve, officer in charge of drains, sluices, novel, cheap shocker), [obs. sense tithe, t OF
& sea-banks, offen district vbj provide, defend ; ( disme f. L decima fern, of decimus tenth]
with, dike(s). [OE die, whence also ditch ; cf. dimension (or di-), n. Measurable extent
G teich pond] of any kind, as length, breadth, thickness, area,
dilapidate, v.t. &
Bring, come, into dis- volume, (usu. pi. of great dd., very large) the
i. ; ;

repair or decay (building, furniture, clothing, three dd., length, breadth, & thickness (point
estate, fortune), [f. L mHlapidare f. lapis has no dd., line one, surface two, body three
stone) understood in E as take stone from stone, fourth d. in math, speculations, property of
in L perh. throw away like stones] matter that should be to solids as solids are to
dilapidation, n. Squandering; bringing planes) (Alg.) number of unknown quantities ;

or coming into, being in, disrepair sum contained as factors in a product (x 3 x*y, xyz,
;
,

charged against incumbent &c for wear & tear all of three dd.). Hence (-)dime'nsionAL,
during his tenancy falling away of cliffs dime'nsionLESs, aa. [F, f. L di ^(mensionem
;

&c, debris resulting. [f. L dilapidatio (prec, f. metiri mensus measure, -iox)]
-ATIOX)] di'mepous, a. (bot., entom.). With two
dila'te (di-, di-), v.t. & i. Make or become parts, [di- 2 , -merous]
wider or larger, expand, widen, enlarge, (with drmetep, n. Verse of two measures (mea-
dilated eyes), whence dila'tABLE a., dilata- sure in some metres has one foot, in others two),
bi'lity n., dilatA'Tiox <&irreg. dila'tion) n. [f. L f. Gk di Hmetros f. metron measure)]
expatiate, speak or write at large (usu. upon). dimi'diate (-at), a. Halved, split in two. [f.
[f. F dilater f. L niHlatare f. latus wide) the L (-diare) f. di ^(midium f. medius mid), -ate 2 ]
;

L p.p. st. being dilatat-, dilation is irreg.] dimi'nish, v.t. & i. Make or become, ac-
dila'top, n. (anat.). (Also d. muscle) muscle tually or in appearance, less (hide one's dimin-
that dilates an organ (cf. coxstrictor). lirreg. ished head, i.e. reduced power &c in Mus., ;

for less used dilatator see prec, -OR 2 ] ; diminished, of intervals less by a chromatic
di'latopy, a. Tending to, designed to cause, semitone than the full, as diminished fifth &c)
given to, delay. Hence di'latoriLY adv., (Arch.) taper (t. & i.). Hence dimi'nishABLE
2
di'latoriXESS n. [f. L dilatorius (di l lat- p.p. a. dimi'nishing-L y 2 adv. [mixture of m ixish
,

st. of differre defer 1 -ory)] , with obs. diminue f. F-diminuer f L Di 1 minuere .

dile'mma (or di-), n. Argument forcing -minut- cf. minor less]

opponent to choose one of two alternatives dimi'nue'ndo, mus. direction (abbr. dim.)
(horns of the d.) both unfavourable to him; & n. Gradually decrease loudness (cf. cre-
position that leaves only a choice between scexdo) gradual decrease, musical passage ;

equal So dilemma'tic a. [L, f. GkDi 2-

evils. marked by it, (also fig.). [It.]
(lemma -atos assumption f. lambano take, -M)] diminution, n. Diminishing, amount of it.
diletta'nte, n. (pi. -ti, pr. -te) & a. Lover of [F, f. Ldiminutionem (dimixish, -iox)]
the fine arts amateur smatterer, one who
; ; dimi'nutive, a. & n. (Gram.) (word) describ-
toys with subject or concentrates on nothing; ing small specimen of the thing denoted by cor-
hence diletta'ntiSH 1 a., diletta*ntiSM(l) n. responding primitive word remarkably small, ;

(Adj.) trifling, not thorough, amateur. [It., f. tiny. Hence dimi'nuti'VAL a. (gram.), di-
dilettare f. L delectare delight, -axt] mi*nutiveLY 2 adv.,dimrnutivexEss n. [F
di'li^enee a Persistent effort or work
, n. ; (-if, -ive),f. L dimimdivus
(dimixish, -ive)]
industrious character. [F, (diligext, -exce)] drmity, n. Stout cotton fabric woven with
2
di'lig-enee (often as F), n. Foreign public raised stripes or fancy figures used for bedroom
stage-coach. [F, as prec] hangings &c [f.It. dimito (pi. -i) f. ILL dimitum
di'ligrent, a. Hard-working, steady in appli- f. Gk T>l 2 (mitos warp-thread)]
cation, industrious, attentive to duties. Hence dimop'phie, dimop'phous, aa. (bot., zool.,
di'ligentLY 2 adv. [F, f. L ni^digere lect- chem., mineral.). Exhibiting, occurring in, two
legere choose) love, take delight in, -ext] distinct forms. So dimop*phiSM(2) n. [f. Gk
dill, n. Umbelliferousannual yellow-flowered i>i 2 (morphos f. morphe form) + -ic, -ous]
herb. [OE dili cf. G dill etym. dub.] di'mple, n., & v.t. & i. Small hollow esp.
di'lly-dally, v.i. (colloq.). VaciUate; loiter, in cheek or chin ripple in water, hollow in ;

[redupl. of dally] ground hence di'mplY 2 a. (Vb) produce dd.

;

&
drluent (-do-), a. n. Diluting (agent) (sub- ; in, show dd. [f. loth c. only perh. cogn. w. G ;

stance) increasing proportion of water in the
blood &c [£L diluere dilute^, -ext]
di'lute 1 (-oot, also di- or diloot), a. Weak-
ened by addition of water ; (of colour) washed-
out, faded ; (fig.) watery, watered down. [f. L
dilidus p.p. see foil.]
dilute 2 (dildb't, di-), v.t.
tiimpel pool (cf. dapple) f. OHG dumphilo]
din, n., & v.t. & i. Continued confused stun-
ning or distracting noise. (Vb) assail with d. ire-
peat ad nauseam into person or person's ears ;
make a d. [vb f. n., OE dyne cf. ON dynr\
dine, v.i. & t. Take dinner (d. out, away from
Reduce strength home d. ivith Duke Humphrey, go without
;

of (fluid) by adding water ; diminish brilliance dinner— perh. w. allusion to those who walked
of (colour) ; water down (doctrine, zeal). So during dinner-time in Duke Humphrey's Walk
dilu'tiox n. _[f. L m(lucre lut- wash)] in St Paul's) entertain (persons) at dinner, (of
;

dilu'vial (-00-, -u-), a. Of a flood, esp. of the room &c) provide dining-accommodation for
Flood in Genesis. (Geol.) d. theory, changes, (some number) dining-room, used for meals, ;

&c, depending on general deluge or catastro- [f. F diner perh. f. LL T>is(jejunare f. jey'unus
phic water-action, whence dilu*vialisT(2) n. fasting) breakfast cf. dejeuxer]
of the drift formation now called Glacial Drift, di'nep, n. One who dines railway dining- ;

[f L dihivialis (diluvium deluge, -al)]

. car d.-out, one who often dines from home, esp.
;

dim, a., & v.i. & t. Faintly luminous or visi- one much invited for his social qualities, [-er 1 ]
ble not bright, clear, or well-defined obscure
; ;
; d^ngr-deng", adv., n., & a. (With) alternat-
seeing or seen, hearing or heard, apprehending ing strokes as of two bells (hammer away at it
or apprehended, indistinctly hence di'mLY 2 ; d. d. race, in which each has the better alter-
;

adv., di mmiSH 1 (2) a., di'mxESS n. (Vb) be-

,
nately) sound of bell(s) jingle of rhyme, [imit.]
; ;

come or make d., becloud, outshine. [OE, cf. ding-hy, dingrey, (di'nggi), n. Small ship's-
OHG timbar] boat small pleasure rowing-boat, forig. native
;

dime, n. (U.S.). Silver coin, 1/10 of dollar (d. rowing-boat on Indian rivers, f. Hind, dengi]
 ;;;

DINGLE 232 DIRECT

di'ngle, n. Deep dell, usu. shaded with trees, dle d.-pipe, -trap, arranged to cut off com-
;

[etym. dub. perh. = dimple] ;

munication of gas &c. by downward bend in
di'ng'O, n. Wild or half -domesticated Austra- which liquid stands, [f. prec]
lian dog. [native] diphthep'ia, diphthepi'tis, nn. Acute
di'ngy (-ji), a. Dull-coloured, grimy, dirty- infectious disease with inflammation of a muc-
looking. Hence di'ngiLY 2 adv., di'ngiNESS ous membrane esp. of throat, & exudation
n. [perh. f. dung + -Y 2 ]
forming a false membrane. Hence diph-
di'nner, Chief meal of day, whether at
n. thep'iAL, diphthe'pic, diphtheprtic,
midday or evening (formal meal with distinct di'phtheporo, aa. If. Fdiphtherie, diphthirite
courses) public feast in honour of person or
;
(earlier name), f. Gk diphthera hide, -v 1 -itis]
,

event; d.-bell, -hour, -time, -party, d.-set, of two vowels pro- di'phthong, n. Union of
plates, dishes, &c. d.-wagon, movable tray on
nounced in one syllable (ou, oi) two vowel
; ;

castored legs. Hence di'nnePLESS a, [f. F characters representing sound of single vowel
diner dine used as n. -er 4] (ea in feat), digraph compound vowel charac-
; ;

di'nosaur, n. Extinct gigantic reptile. ter, ligature, (se). Hence diphtho'ngAL a.,
Hence dinosaup'iAN a. & n. [f. Gk deinos di*phthongrzE(3) v.t., (-ngg-). [f. F diph-
terrible + sauros lizard] thongue f. L f. Gk T>l 2 (phthoggos -sounded f.
di'nothepe, n. Huge
extinct proboscidean phthoggos voice)]
quadruped, [as prec, Gk therion wild beast] dipl(o)-, comb, form of Gk diplous double,
dint 1 , n., & v.t. (Archaic) stroke, blow, in many scientific words as diploblastic with"
(whence, mod.) by d. of, by force or means of two germinal layers, dipiocardiac with right &.
mark made by blow or pressure, dent; (vb) left sides of heart separate.
mark with dd., dent. [OE dynt cf. ON dyntr] diplo'ma, n. (pi. -s, rarely -ta). State paper,
did'cesan (-zn), a. & n. Of a diocese. (N.) officialdocument, charter; document confer-
bishop in relation to diocese or clergy member ; ring honour or privilege, esp. University or Col-
of diocese in relation to bishop (corresp. to lege certificate of degree, whence diplo'ma -
parishioner), [f. F diocesain (foil., -an)] ed 2 (-mad), diplo'maLESS, aa. [Lf. Gk (-6-), f.
di'ocese (-es, -es), n. Bishop's district. [f. OF diploo (diplous double), -M orig. folded paper] ;

diocise f. med.L diocesisf. L f. Gk DiHoikcsis dipld'maey, n. Management of, skill in

f. oikeo inhabit) administration] managing, international relations adroitness, ;

dioecious (Bot.) Having the male

(die-), a. artful management, tact. [f. F diplomatic f.
& female flowers on separate plants (Zool.) ; diplomate see foil., -y 1 ]
with the two sexes in separate individuals. di'plomat, n. = diplomatist, [f. F diplo-
[di- 2 , Gk -oikos -housed, -ous] mate back-formation f. diplomatique see foil.]
dio'ptpie, a. & n. Serving as medium for diploma* tic, a. Of official or original docu-
sight, assisting sight by refraction, (d. glass, ments, charters, &c ; of diplomacy (d. body,
lens, system) ; of refraction, refractive ; of diop- ambassadors &
legation-officials at a court d. ;

trics ; hence dio'ptriCALLY adv. (N.) unit of service, officials concerned with foreign lega-
refractive power, power of lens with focal dis- tions) skilled in diplomacy proceeding by
; ;

tance one metre; (pi.) part of optics dealing negotiation. Hence diploma'tiCALLY adv.
with refraction (cf. catoptrics), [f. Gk diop- [f. F diplomatique f. mod. L diplomaticus f. Gk
trikos f. vn 3 (optra f. op- see + instr. suf. -tra) diploma -atos, -ic]
optical instrument, -ic] dipld'matist, n. One officially engaged in
diopa'ma (-ah-), Spectacular painting in n. diplomacy adroit negotiator, [diplomat, -ist]
;

which, by changes in the colour & direction of diplo'matize, v.i. Act as diplomatist ; \ise
light thrown on or through it, effects of such diplomatic arts, [diplomat, -ize]
natural processes as sunrise are produced. di'ppep, n. In vbl senses also or esp. Ana- ; :

Hence (irreg.) diopa'mic a. [di- 3 , Gk horama baptist or Baptist kinds of bird, esp. water
;

•atos (horao see, -m)] ouzel; kind of ladle; (Photog.) apparatus for
dio'xide, n. (chem.). Oxide formed by com- immersing negatives, [dip 1 -er 1 ] ,

bination of two equivalents of oxygen with one
of metal or metalloid (Carbon d. &c). [di- 2 ]
dip 1 , v.t. & i. Put or let down into liquid,
immerse dye thus make (candles) by immers-
; ;
ing wick in hot tallow wash (sheep) in vermin-
killing liquid; take up (liquid, grain, &c.) in
scoop, pan, &c. ; lower (flag, sail, scale of bal-
ance) for a moment ; involve in debt (colloq.)
go under water & emerge quickly
ladle, &c, into to take something out
(d. into
one's purse &c, spend freely); go below any
dipsomania, n. Morbid craving for alco-
hol. Hence dipsoMA'NiAC n. [Gk dipso- (dipsa,
-mania]
thirst, -o-),
di'pteral, a. With double peristyle, [f. L f.
; Gk Di (pteros -winged f. pteron wing), -al]
2
di'ptepous, a. (Entom.) two- winged, be-
longing to the order Diptera (insects with one
pair of membranous wings); (Bot.) with two
; put hand, wing-like appendages, [as prec. + -ous]
di'pty eh (-ik), n. Ancient hinged two-leaved
writing-tablet with inner sides waxed paint- ;

surface or level (sun dips below horizon ; bird ing, esp. altarpiece, of two leaves closing like
dips &
rises in flight scale dips) ; extend ; book. [f. L f. Gk vi 2 (pttikha neut. pi. of -ptu-
downwards; have downward slope (esp. of khos -folding f. ptukhe fold]
magnetic needle, &
of strata ; dipping-needle, dipe, a. Dreadful, calamitous, (d. sisters, the
one so mounted as to measure magnetic dip) Furies). Hence dipe'LY 2 adv. [f. L dirus]
make investigations (d. deep into the future)', dipe'et 1 , v.t. & i. Address (letter, parcel, to
look cursorily or skippingly into (book). [OE person or place) utter or write to or to be
;

dyppan, cogn. w. deep cf. G taufen baptize] ; conveyed to (I d. my remarks to you) con- ;

dip 2 , n. A
dipping (see prec); quantity trol, govern the movements of, (soid directs
dipped up (colloq.) bathe in sea &c. amount
; ; body, commander troops) turn (thing, person, ;

of submergence (Astron., Surv.) apparent de-

; eyes, attention) straight to something tell (per- ;

pression of horizon due to observer's elevation ; son) the directing-post, = finger-£>os£) ;

way (to ;

angle made by magnetic needle with horizon ;

guide as adviser, principle (clidy directs my
downward slope of stratum depression of sky- ; actions), &c. ; order (person) to do, thing to be
line &c. ; tallow candle washing-preparation ; done) ; give orders (that or abs.). Sodipe'etrvE
for sheep &c. d.-needle,= dipping-needle (see
; a. [f. L di 1 (rigere red- = regere put straight)]

prec.) ; d.-net, small fishing-net with long han- direct 2, a. Sc adv. Straight, not crooked(ly)
 ;; ;;

DIRECTION 233 DISARM

or round about, (the d. road wcntd. to heaven Delhi) unclean, obscene
; sordid, mean, des- ; ;

d. ray, not reflected or refracted d. shot, hit, picable ill-gotten (of weather) rough, squally
; ; ;

without ricochet); (Astron.) proceeding from (of colour) not pure or clear I). Allan, sea-bird ;

E. to W., not retrograde (of descent) lineal(ly), getting food by forcing gulls &c. to disgorge ;
;

not collateral(ly) (of argument) following un- hence dip'tiLY 2 adv., dip'tiNESS n., dip*ty-
;

interrupted chain of cause & effect &c. dia- iSH 1 (2)a. (Vb) make, become, d. [-y 2] ;

metrical (d. opposite, contrary, contradiction); dis-, pref. f. L dis- (which was changed to di- i
(Mus.) not inverted (of interval, chord), not con- or dif- before certain letters see also de-) re- ;

trary (of motion) straightforward, frank, going lated to bis (orig. *dvis = Gk dis twice) & duo
;

straight to the point, not ambiguous immedi- two. In wds taken direct or thr. F f. L in wds ;
;

ately), personal(ly), not by proxy; (Gram.) d. taken f. LL in which dis- or Rom. des- had dis-
speech or oration, the words as actually spoken, placed de- & used as living pref. to modify ;

not modified (cf. oblique, indirect) in report- sense of E wds. Meanings: asunder, away,
ing; d. tax, levied originally (income tax &c.) apart or between, one by one, utterly (in wds
on person who bears the burden ultimately (cf. already negative, as disannul), un-, not, the
indirect). Hence dipe'etNESS n. [(prob. F) reverse of, deprivation of, expulsion from.
f. L directus p.p. see prec] disability, n. Thing, want, that prevents
dire'ction (di-, di-), n. Directing, aiming, one's doing something, esp. legal disqualifica-
guiding, managing; = directorate; instruc- tion, [f. obs. adj. Disable, -bility]
tion what to do, order, (usu. pi.); address on disa'ble, v.t. Incapacitate from doing or
letter or parcel course pursued by moving for work &c. cripple, deprive of power of act-
; ;

body, point to which one moves or looks, [in ing disqualify legally, pronounce incapable, ;

the d. of London, London wards), scope, sphere, hinder. Hence disa'ble.MENT n. [dis-, able]
subject, {new dd. of inquiry, improvement in disabu'se, v.t. Undeceive, disillusion, [dis-]
many dd.). [f. L directio (direct 1 -ion)] disaecop'd, n., & v.i. Disagree(ment), (be
,

dipe'etly. adv. &conj. In a direct manner; at) variance, [dis-]

2
at once, without delay presently, in no long disad va'ntage, n. Unfavourable condition
;

time (colloq.) as soon as (wentd. I knew), [-ly 2] (taken at a d.) loss, injury, [f. F disavantage
; ;

dire'ctop, n. Superintendent, manager, esp. (dis-, advantage)]

member of managing-board of commercial disadvantageous, a. Involving disad-
company (Fr. Hist.) member of Directory vantage or discredit, derogatory. Hence dis-
;

(Eccl.) priest acting as spiritual adviser appa- a-dvanta'geousLY 2 adv. [dis-] ;

ratus controlling direction in instruments &c. disaffe'cted, a. Estranged, unfriendly, dis-

Hence dipectoP'iAL a., dipe'etopsmp, di- loyal,esp. to government, [p.p. of scarcely
pe'ctPESS 1 nn. , [f. F directe ur (direct 1
, -or 2 )] used vb msaffect]
directorate, n. Office of director; board disaffection, n. Political discontent, dis-
of directors, [-ate 1 ] loyalty, [as prec. after affection]
dlre'ctopy \ a. Directive, advisory, (esp. of disafftp'm, v.t. (legal). Reverse (previous
part of law advising procedure omission of decision) repudiate (settlement). Hence dis- ;

which does noi invalidate action), [f. L direc- affipmA'TioN n. [dis]

tories (DIRECT 1 -ORY)] , disaffd'pest, v.t. Reduce from legal state
dipe'ctopy 2 n. Book of rules, esp. for pub- of forest to ordinary land. Hence disaf-
,

lic or private worship book with lists of inhab- forest a "i jon n. [f. med.L Dis(AFFORESTare)]
;

itants of district, members of professions, &c, disagree', v.i. Differ, be unlike, not corre-
with various details; <Fr. Hist.) revolutionary spond differ in opinion, dissent, quarrel
; (of ;

executive of five directors in power 1795-9. [f. food, climate, &c.) prove unsuitable, have bad
med.L directorium neut. adj. see prec] effects, (with person, his health, digestion, &c).
dipe'etpix, n. (pL -ices). == directress ; Hence disagreCMENj n. [dis-]
(Geom.) fixed line used in describing curve or disag-peea'ble (-grer-), a. & n. Not to one's
surface, [director, -trix] taste, unpleasant ; unamiable, bad-tempered
dire'ful, a. Terrible, dread. Hence dipe*- hence disagreea'bleNESs n., disag-pee-
fulLY 2 adv. [DIRE, -FUL(l)] a'bLY 2 adv. (N., usu. pi.) unpleasant experi-
dipg-e (-j), n. Song sung at burial, or in com- ence^), trouble(s), worries, [f. F disagreable
memoration, of the dead ; lament, [f. L diriae agreeable)]
(dis-,
imperat. of dirigere direct 1 first wd in Latin , disallow*, v.t. Refuse to sanction or accept
antiphon in Matins part of Office of the Dead] as reasonable or admit, prohibit, [f. OF des-
di'pigible, a. & n. Capable of being guided alouer (dis-, allow)]
(esp. of balloons) (n.)d. balloon as opp. airship
; disannu'l, v.t. (-11-). Cancel, annul, [dis-]
heavier than air. \as direct l -ible] , disappear*, v.i. Cease to be visible, vanish,
di'piment, a. Nullifying (d. impediment, die away from sight or existence, be lost.
making marriage null & void from the first). Hence disappeap'ANCE n. [dis-]
[f. L dirimere (dis-, emere take), -ent] disappornt, v.t. Not fulfil desire or expec-
dipk, n., & v.t. Kind of dagger (esp. of High- tation of, break appointment with, (person) be- ;

landers) ;(vb) stab with this, [earlier dork frustrate, (hope, purpose, &c). Hence dis-
lie,
(1602) perh. f. Du. dolk cf. G dolch] appoi'ntiNG 2 a.,disappoi'ntedLY dis- 2,
dipt, n. Unclean matter that soils, wet mud appoi'nting-LY 2 advv., disappoi'ntMENT ,

{d.-pie, made by children in gutters &c.) any- ; n. [f. F dbsappointer (dis-, appoint)]
thing worthless (yellow d., gold d., scornful ; disapprobation, n. Disapproval. Sodis-
name for land d. -cheap, very cheap) earth,
; ; a*pppobativE, disa'pppobatoR y, aa. [dis]
soil dirtiness foul talk fling d. talk abusively
; ; ; , disapppo've, v.t. & i. Have, express, un-
or slanderously eat d., put up with insult &c.
; favourable opinion of or of. Hence disap-
d.-eatinn, disease with morbid craving to eat Ppo*val(2) n., disapppo , ving'LY 2 adv. [dis-]
earth. [ME drit prob. f. OX drit excrement] disap'm, v.t. & i. Deprive of weapons de- ;

dip'ty, a., & v.t. & i. Soiled, foul, mixed prive of weapons (esp. in fencing, jerk foil &c.
with or like or connected with dirt, (D. Shirts, out of hand of) dismantle (city, ship), reduce,
;

101st Foot, from fighting in shirt-sleeves at be reduced, to peace footing (of army or navy),
For compounds of dis- not given consult dis-.
8-
 ; .;

DISARRANGE 234 DISCOMPOSE

abandon or cut down military establishment, inter)disembogue; (Law) cancel (order of
whence diSARMvi ament n. deprive of power to ; court) ; acquit oneself of, pay, perform, (duty,
injure ;
pacify hostility or suspicions of. [f. F debt, vow) (Dyeing) remove colour from dyed
;

disarmer (dis-, arm 3 )] fabric, [f. OF descharger (dis-, charge 2 )]

disappa'nge, v.t. Put into disorder, dis- disehap'ge 2 , n. Unloading (of ship or car-
organize. Hence disappa'ngeMENTn. [dis-] go) firing off of gun &c. (a d. of arrows, several
;

disarray ', n., & v.t. (Throw into) disorder arrows shot) emission (of liquid, electricity,
;

(poet.) unclothe,
[dis-] purulent matter) ; release, exoneration, exemp-
disartreulate, v.t. Separate, undo the tion, acquittal, written certificate of these dis- ;

articulation of, take to pieces. Hence dis- missal; liberation payment (o/debt) perform- ; ;

ai»ti*culA TioN
-
n. [dis-] ance (of obligation) (Dyeing) process of, com- ;

di'sassimila'tion, (physiol.). Conver- n. position used in, discharging, [f. prec]

sion of assimilated into less complex or waste disehap'g'ep, n. In vbl senses; esp., appli-
substances, [dis-] ance for producing electric discharge, [-er l ]
disa'ster, n. Sudden or great misfortune, disci'ple, n. One of Christ's personal follow-
calamity ill luck (a record of d.). So disas-
; ers, esp. one of the Twelve any early believer ;

trous a., disa'stPOUSLY 2 adv. [f. F desastre in Christ follower, adherent, of any leade^of
;

(dis-, astre f. L f. Gk astron star)] thought, art, &c. Hence disei*plesHiP n.,
disavow", Say one does not know or
v.t. disei'pulAR 1 a. [OE discipul f. L discipulus
approve of, repudiate. Hence disavow*AL(2) (discere learnj]
n. [f. F desavouer (dis-, avow)] disciplinap'ian, n. Maintainer of discip-
disba'nd, v.t. & i. Break up, disperse* (t. & line (strict, good, poor, no, d.). [as foil. + -an]
1. Hence disba'ndMENT n. [f.
of troops &c). disciplinary (also -pli*-), a. Of, promoting,
i6th-c. F desbander see
dis-, band (3)] ] discipline of the nature of mental training, [f
;

disbar*, v.t. (-rr). Expel from membership med.L disciplinarius (foil., -ary )] 1

of the bar, deprive of status of barrister. Hence di'scipline n. Branch of instruction l

, (ar-
disbap'MENT n. [dis-, bar 1 ] chaic) mental; moral training, adversity as &
disbelieve, v.t. & i. Refuse credence to effecting this military training, drill, (archaic);
;

(person or statement &c.) be a sceptic have ; ; trained condition order maintained among ;

no faith in. So disBELiET n. [dis] schoolboys, soldiers, prisoners, &c. system of ;

disbe*nch, v.t. Deprive of status of bencher. rules for conduct control exercised over mem- ;

[DIS-, BENCH U,] bers of church chastisement (Eccl.) mortifica-

; ;

disbpa'nch, v.t. Strip of branches, [dis-] tion by penance. So di'seiplin ai. a. [F, f. L
disbu'd, v.t. (-dd). Remove (esp. the super- disciplina (discipulus disciple, -ine 3 )]
fluous) buds of. [dis-] di'scipline 2, v.t. Bring under control, train
disbup'den, v.t. Relieve of or of a burden ;
to obedience &
order, drill, whence di'sciplin-
get rid of, discharge, (load, thoughts), [dis-] able a. ; chastise, [f. med.L (-nare) as prec]
disbup'se, v.t. & i. Expend, defray ; pay disclai'm, v.t. i. Renounce legal claim to, &
money. Hence disbup'seMENT n. [f. OF des- renounce claim disown, disavow, (authorship, ;

bourser (dis-, bourse)] character). [AF desclamer (dis-, claim *)]

disc. = DISK. diselai'mep, n. Act of disclaiming, renun-
disca'lceate (at), a. & n., disca'lceated, ciation, disavowal. [AF (= prec. as n., -er 4 )]
disca'lced (-st), aa. Barefooted or only san- disclo'se (-z), v.t. Remove cover from, ex-
dalled (friar, nun). \(-ed anglicized) f. L Dis(m/- pose to view, make known, reveal, [f. OF cles-
ceatus p.p. of calceare f. calceus shoe)] clore (dis-, L claudere claus- shut)]
discap'd, v.t. i., & n. &
Throw out or reject disclo'supe (-zher), n. Disclosing; thing
from hand at cards (specified card, or abs. esp. disclosed, [-ure]
at whist of playing non- trump that does not disco'bolus (pi. -i), n. Ancient quoit-throw-
follow lead) cast aside, give up, (clothes,
; er statue of one in act of throwing. [L, f. Gk
;

habit, belief, &c); dismiss, cashier; (n.) dis- diskobolos (diskos stone or metal quoit, -bolos
carding at cards, discarded card, [dis-, card 2 ] -throwing f. ballo throw]
diseep'n (-s -z-l, v.t. i. (Archaic) dis-
, & di'scoid, a. Disk-shaped, [f. L f. Gk dis-
tinguish, see the difference between, (good & koeides (prec, -old)]
bad, good /row bad, between good & bad). Per- disco'loup (kul), v.t, & i. Change, spoil, the
ceive clearly with the mind or senses, make colour of, stain, tarnish become stained &c ;

out by thought or by gazing, listening, &c. so ; Hence or cogn. diseolo(u)PA*TiON, disco*-

diseep'niBLE a., diseep'nibLY 2 adv. [f. F , Ioupment, nn. [f. OF descolorer f. med. L Dis-
discerner f. L Dis(cernere cret- sift)] colorare = L DE(coZorare colour 2 )]
diseep'ning , a. Having quick or true in-
1
cliseo'miit (-kti-), v.t. Defeat in battle
sight, penetrating, [-ing 2] thwart, disconcert. So diseo*mfitURE (-tsher)
diseep'nment, n. Discerning ; keenness of n. [orig. p.p. - defeated f. OF desconfit f. LL
perception, penetration, insight, [-ment] Dis(co»/<ec£«s p.p. see confection) undone]
diseep*ptible, a. That can be plucked apart, diseo'mfopt v.t. Uneasiness of (-ku-), n., &
not indestructibly one. Hence disceppti- body or mind want of comfort (vb) make un-
; ;

bi'lity n. [f. L ms(cerpere -cerpt- = carpere easy, [f. OF desconfort(er) (dis-, comfort)]
pluck) + -ible] discommo'de, v.t. Put to inconvenience.
diseep'ption, n. Pulling apart, severance ; [dis- + obs. commode f. L commodare (commo-
severed piece, [f. L discerptio (prec, -ion)] dus see commode)]
disehap-g-e \ v.t. & i. Relieve of load (ship diseo'mmon, v.t. Debar (tradesman) from
&c. ; d. gun, fire it off; d. bankrupt, relieve serving undergraduates enclose (common
;

him of further liability), withdraw electricity land). [DIS-, COMMON 2

]
1 '

from; dismiss, cashier; release (prisoner), let disco'mmons, v.t. Deprive (member of col-
go (patient, jury) ; put forth, get rid of, send lege) of commons discommon (tradesman). ;

out^ emit, unload from ship, (cargo, missile, COMMONS]

[DIS-,
liquid, purulent matter, abuse; also abs., as discompo'se, v.t. Disturb composure of,
ship, abscess, is discharging) ; (of river, refl. or ruffle, agitate. Hence discompo'sedLY 2 ,

For compounds of dis- not given consult DIS-.

 ; :;

DISCONCERT 2 S DI SDAIN
diseompo'sing-LT 2 , advv., discompo*- hold forth in speech or writing on a subject (of,
sure (-zher) n. [dis-] upon, or abs.) give forth (some kind of music
;

ref to Ha mlet III. ii. 374). [f. prec]

;
diseoneep't, Derange, spoil, upset,
v.t. .

(plan, concerted measures) disturb self-pos- ; diseoup*teous,a., diseoup*tesy,n., (ker-

session of, ruffle, fluster. Hence diseoneep't- -kor-). Rude(ness), uncivil, incivility. Henco
MENT n. [f. obs. F Dis(coneerter concert 2 )] discoup'teousLY 2 adv. [dis]
disconnect, v.t. Sever the connexion of diseo^vep (-ku-), v.t. Disclose, expose to
(thing from, xcith, another) or between, [dis-] view, reveal, make known, exhibit, manifest,
disconnected, a. In vbl senses esp. (of ; betray; (Chess) d. check, check by removing
speech or writing) incoherent, with bad con- piece or pawn; &c, that &c,
find out (fact
nexion or transitions, whence disconnect- unknown country), suddenly realize, whence
edly y 2 adv., diseonne'etedxEss n. [-ed l ] or cogn. disco* vePABLE a., diseo'vePER n. 1

disconne'xion, -ction, n. Disconnecting [f. OF descovrir f. med.L ms(cooperi7-e cover 1 )] ;

want of connexion, disconnectedness, [dis-] disco'vert (-ku-), a. (legal). Unmarried or wi-

disco'nsolate (-at), a. Forlorn, inconsol- dowed (of woman), [f. OF descovert p.p. (prec.)]
able, unhappy, disappointed. Hence diseo'n- diseo'vepy (-ku-), n. Revealing, disclosure,
solateLV 2 adv. [f. med.L vis(eonsolatus p.p. (in L&w, compulsory disclosure by party to ac-
of L consolari console )] ]
tion of facts or documents on which he' relies
discontent, n., a., & v.t. Dissatisfaction, in play, poem, &c, revelation unravelling plot)
;

want of contentment grievance. (Adj.) not finding out, making known thing found out.
; ;

content, dissatisfied, (with). (Vb, usu. in p.p.) [f. discover on anal, of recovery (OF recovric,
make dissatisfied; hence diseonte'ntedr.Y 2 OF for discovery being descoverte)]
adv., diseonte'ntedNESS, diseonte'nt- disepe'dit *, n. Loss of repute, thing involv-
MENT, nil. [DIS-, CONTENT 2 3 4 ] ing this doubt, lack of credibility, (throws d.
' >
;

discontiguous, a. (With parts) not in con- upon) ; loss of commercial credit, [dis-]
tact. [DIS-] disepe'dit 2 , v.t. Refuse to believe bring ;

discontinue, v.t. Cause to cease; cease disbelief or disrepute upon, [dis-]

from, give up, (doing, habit &c.) cease taking, ; discreditable, a. Bringing discredit,
paying, (newspaper, subscription). So diseon- shameful. Hence discreditable v 2 adv. [dis-]
ti'nuANCE n. [f. F discontinuer f. med.L dis- discpee't, a. Judicious, prudent, circum-
continuare continue)] spect, not speaking out at inopportune times.
discontinuous, a. Wanting continuity in Hence discpeetLY 2 adv. [f. F discret f. L
space or time, having interstices, intermittent. Dis(cretus p.p. of cernere sift) separate, with LL
Hence or cogn. diseo'ntinu'iTY n., diseon- sense f. its derivative discretio discernment]
ti'nuousLY 2 adv. [f. med.L ms(continims di'sepepant (or -kre*-), a. Different, incon-
CONTIXUOUS) + -OUS] sistent, (of stories &c). So disepe'pANCYii.
di'seopd \ n. Disagreement, variance, strife [f. Li Dis(crepare sound), -ant]
harsh noise, clashing sounds whence or cogn. di'sepete, a. Separate, individually distinct,
;

diseop*dANTa.,diseop*dAXCEn.,diseop*d- discontinuous; (Metaphys.) abstract not con-

antLY adv. (Mus. want of harmony between crete. Hence di'screteNESS n. [f. Ldiscretus
2 )

notes sounded together chord unpleasing or see discreet]

;

unsatisfactory in itself & requiring to be re- disepe'tion, n. Liberty of deciding as one

solved by another any interval except unison, thinks fit, absolutely or within limits (it is with-
;

octave, perfect fifth & fourth, major & minor in one's d. to at the d. of, to be settled or dis- ;

third & sixth, & their octaves single note dis- posed of by the will of at d., at one's own plea-
; ;

sonant with another, [f. OF clescord (foil.)] sure surrender at d. unconditionally), whence ; ,

diseop'd 2, v.i. Disagree, quarrel, be different discpe'tionARY l a. discernment, prudence, ;

or inconsistent, (with, from) be dissonant, jar, judgment, (years, age, ofd., time at which one
;

clash, [f. OF clescorder f. L discordare f. Dis- is fit to manage himself —in Eng. law, 14). [f. OF
(cors -cord- -hearted f. cor -dis heart)] discrecion f. L discretionem (discreet, -ion)]
di'scount i (-ow-), n. Deduction from amount discriminate, v.t. & i. Be, set up, or ob-
due or price of goods in consideration of its be- serve, a, difference between (also intr. with be-
ing paid promptly or in advance deduction tween), distinguish from another make a dis- ; ;

from amount of bill of exchange &c. by one tinction {d. against, distinguish unfavourably,
who gives value for it before it is due dis- of taxes &c), observe distinctions carefully. ;

counting allowance for exaggeration in ac-

; So disepiminATiON n., discpi'minATivE a.
cepting story at ad., below par, depreciated,
; L discriminare (discrimen distinction f. dis-
[f.
not in demand, [f. 16th-c. F descompte (foil.)] cernere discern), -ate 3
]
diseou'nt 2 (-ow-), v.t. Give or get present discriminating", In vbl senses esp. a. ;

worth of (bill not yet due) leave out of ac- ; discerning, acute; varying in
d. duty, rate,
count lessen, detract from part with for im-
; ;
amount according to country sending goods or
mediate but smaller good allow for exaggera- ; person rated, differential, [-ing 2]
tion in use up effect of (news &c.) beforehand,
; disepown, v.t. Take crown from, depose,
stale Hence diseou'ntABLE (soyereign lit. or fig.), [dis-]
by anticipation.
a. [f. OF f. med.L dis-
desconter, -compter, diseup'sive, a. Rambling, digressive, ex-
(computare L- compute)] patiating; proceeding by argument or reason-
discou'ntenance, v.t. Refuse to counte- ing, not intuitive. Hence diseup'siveLY 2
nance, discourage, show disapproval of. [f. obs. adv., diseup'sivexESS n. [f. L ms(currere
F descontenancer (dis-, countenance 2 )] curs- run), -ive]
discou'pagre (-kurij), v.t. Deprive of cour- diseu*ss,v.t. Examine by argument, debate,
age, confidence, or energy deter from dis- whence diseu'ssiBLE a.
; consume with en- ; ;

countenance. Hence discou'page.MENT n., joyment (food, wine, meal), [f. L Dis(cutere
diseou'pag-mg-LY 2 a d v> [f. OF descoragier -cuss- = quatere shake)]
(DIS-, COURAGE)] discu'ssion (-shn), n. Examination by argu-
di'scoupse (-ors), n. Talk, conversation, (ar- ment a debate consumption with enjoyment
l
; ;

chaic) ; dissertation, treatise, sermon, [f. F clis- o/food. L discussionem (prec, -ion)]
[OF, f.
cours f. L T>\s(cursxis course *)] disdai'n, n., & v.t. Scorn, (regard with) con
discoup'se 2 (-ors), v.i. & t. Talk, converse tempt think beneath oneself (to do, do ing, or
;
 ' ;: 1 J

DISEASE 236 DISHARMONY

noun or one's notice. Hence disdai'nFULa..
i
•.he. Hence dlsfpa'nchise mk.nt
disdai-nfulLv - adv. If. OF dead* iyn<tn f. L n. ( vb - knkkancujsk]
DKldignart £ worthy)] disfpo'ek, V.t. Deprive of clerical garb &
dlsea'se -/.ez>, n. Morbid condition of body,
|
office, [bis-
plant, or some part of them, illness, sick disgop'ge (j). Eject (as) from throat v.t. Sc i.

any particular kind of this with special symp- of giving up ill-gotten

toms & name: deranged or depraved state of -. booty. &c.i (of river &c. trans., red., or ;

mind or moral-. |f. OF n.»] intr.) disembogue, discharge (waters). If. OF

diseased (-2 with di- forger (DI8-, gorge 3

i]

ved, [p.p. of obs. diata.it vb t disg-pa'ce n. Loss of favour. downfall from

:
,

( »K (U \ recj position of honour; ignominy, shame; thing in-

disemban-k,v.t.&L Put, go, ashore. 1 1 volving dishonour, cause of reproach. Hence
disembark r-rio.v n. [f. F rfefemoa disg^pa'ceFL a.. disg-pa'eefuDv 2 adv., 1.

-'] disg;pa'ceful\Kss n. |f. F

disembaTPass, v.t. Free from ernbar grazia f. metLL i- brack))
. rid or relieve (oj tangle ifroms. disg"pa*ce -, v.t, Dismiss from favour, de-
disemba'rrassMKNin. [PfB-] grade from position; bring shame or discredit
disembo'dy, v.t. Separate, free. <soui. i
upon, be a d. to. [f. F d 1 ec. J

from body or the com 1 I itroops). disg"pu*ntled, a. mow chiefly U. .*:.). Diseon-
disembo'diMKNT n. [DIS-1 i, moody, [from 17th c. dj--. gnmtti ;

dlsembo'gue e V.L & t. <0f rive: frequent. Of 6BUNT]

J>our forth at mouth (intr., 01 I a:-:.»: disg"ui*se <-g!z». v.t. Conceal identity of id.
:

hg.i discharge, pour forth. <i. & L of speech, If. person or thing, an someone or some-
crowd, fee.). '
[f. Sp. t£ en in, thing else, bydoiny, with false beard &:
bora mouth)] tume &c.) misrep: w in tals* co:
:

disembo'som, v.t. & i. eal conceal, cloak, id. one's intention, opin
unburden one-elf. make confidence-. [l»j--] •n drink or liquor, drunk. Hence
disembowel, v.t. (-11-). Remove entrails of. disg-ui'sevK.vrn. [t OFdescntfsierfaiB-, Bom.
ripm j to protrude. [01s]
disembnoi'l, v.t. Extricate from confusion disg*ui'se- n. Use of changed dre-- or ap- t

•.. [dis] pearance for concealment's sake, disguised con-

disencha'nt, • hantment dition ibl- d.. one that seems to be a
or illusion. Hence disencha'nt ikntii. [f. F misfortune): garb u-ed to deceive; artificial
nehanter (dis-, kn'.han t»J eption. If. prec.J
disencirmber, v.t Free from encum- disg-u'st i, Loathing, nausea, repugn;
n.
e. [f. F rfeseneomi kncumbkki] - . z aversion, io.t, /or, towards, ago
disendow, v.fc Strip (esp. Church) of en- [(. 16th-c F
disendow.MKNT n, [DI8-] disg'U'st 2 , v.t. Excite loavhi m,or
diseng-a'g-e, v.fc, &: n. indignation, in. Hence disg-u'ste<l<.v '-.
dis-
; (Fencing) |
t sword to
of 1 g-u'sting-i.v-, adw. [f. Pjth-c. Vd\
-ide of o; |
a., this movement). f.o;--J L g
(dis-,
disenga'ged, a. En vbl set. .: at disgu'stful, rig. repulsive: (of
leisu: end to an; -that .opt. en. red by, full of,
• [-ED 1 ] L-fulJ
disengagement,!.. Disengaging; 1 dish Shallow flat-bottomed usu. oval or
!
, n.
tion <of en ties, oblong vessel of earthenwan or metal,
detachment; easy natural mann< ution for holding food at held. Jjar-
of eng g ticularkindof foenl isjijK -d.\ uuuL nous
0AOE DL l-MK.VT] funding d.. that appears daily,
disentai'l. v.t (legal). Free from entail, (archaic) 'ea drink-
•
ail of. [
; d. --haped re-
disenta'ngle, v.t. L & Extri I from used for any porpoM r. of
con;- : unravel, un: I ice. for keeping focxi in d. hot : d.<-loth 4c
disenta'ngleMK.vr n. jo;s-] (archaic) -clout, for washing dd. & plate
:

disenthrall), v.t. (-11-). Vi':<: from Vjnd- -water, in which dd. have been washed. .

disenthpad :kvj n. [DB-] [OF disc (cf. G tinffi table) f. I. -k] "
<

disento'mb.v.t. Takeout of tomb; unearth, dish L I J ut (food) into dish ready for . :

serving d, up, serve meal, (fig.) present (f;

;

disesta-blish, •
.t. Undc -hmentof: argument) attractively ; make concave or dish-
•
- move fore-feet not straight
from official position. Hence disesta'blish- but with scooping motion: circumvent, out-
MENTn. [hl~] manceuvn *eat opponent*
disfa-voup, n., & v.t. Dislike, disapproval adopting their policy tfu Whig*, of
diked {fall into •
b) regard, f. precj
treat, with d. [1, dishabille Lisahei), n. Being negligently
disfea-ture v.t. Mar feature or pal sed, uiidi
disfigure. [oj-s-J garment or costume, [f. F deshabiUi p.p. of
disfi-g-ure, v.t. Mar beauty of, deform. de~ ahUler {DI&-, ho billtr clothe f. habile ready,
disfi^-ur disfi'- AHI.K)|
^rure .-<t. on. [f. OF dishabi'tuate (h), v.t. Make (person) un-
ra pig 1 li 1. [ijjs]
disfoTesx , x r of dishallu-eina'tion •:.- iion.[DiB-]
'
-• If- OF :,js-. FOREST)] disharmonize i-h l r.fe Put out of har-
disfpa'nehise citi- rdant. [.<

- : deprive (place) of ri^ht of -ending. disharmony >). . . Dis -»rd, dhssonauce.

.f right of voting for, parlL - disharmd'ni*/ - a. [di*-J

For compounds of din- not given consult DIS-.

 v

DISHEARTEN 237 DISORIENTATE

disheap*ten, v.t. Make despondent, rob of or mark round flattened part in body, plant,
;

courage.Hence dishear'tenMENT n. Idis-] &c. [f. L f. Gk diskos quoit]

dishenison (-h-), n. Disinheriting, [f. OF disli'ke, v.t., & n. Not like, have aversion or
dishcriteisun (DIS-, L hercditarc f. heres heir, objection to (n.) aversion, [dis-]
;

-ATION, -SON)] di'slocate, v. t. Put out of joint (limb or fig

dishe'velled, a. With disordered hair (of ; machinery, affairs) (Geol.) make (strata) ; dis-
hair) loose, flung about, unconftned ; (of person) continuous displace. So dislocA'Tiov n.
;
[f.
untidy, ruffled, unkempt. Hence dishe'vel- med.L Dis(/ocare
place), -ate^] L=
ment n. [f. OF dcschcvclc (dis-, OF chcvcl hair dislo'dg-e, v.t. Remove, turn out, (esp. forti-
f. L oaptllus, p.p. suf. -e\] fied enemy) from position. Hence dislo'dgf(e)-
disho'nest (also-), a. Fraudulent, knavish, mext n. [f. OF dcsloger (dis-, lodge v.i]
insincere (of person, act, statement). Hence disloyal, a. Unfaithful to friendship &c;
disho'nestLV - adv. [f. OF dcshoncstc f. L untrue to allegiance, disaffected to government,
J)E(honcstU8 HONEST)] whence disloy*aliSTc2i n. & a. Hence or cogn.
dishonesty (diso-), n. Want of honesty, disloyalist - adv., disloyalTY n. If. OF
theft, deceitfulness, fraud, [f. OF dcsoneste f. desloial (vis-, loyal)]
L vishontstus after honcstatcm HONESTY] di'smal, a., di'smals, n. pi. Depressing,
dishonour 1 (diso-), n. State of shame or dis- miserable, sombre, dreary hence di'smalLY- :

grace, discredit thing that involves this re-

; ; adv., di'smalxESS n. the dd., low spirits, ;

fusal to honour cheque, bill of exchange, &c. dumps, [orig. noun = unlucky days f. OF dis
[f. OF dishonor (DI6-,L honor cm honour )] mat f. hdics rnali ill days these w'ere two spe-
1
;

dishonour 2 (diso), v.t. Treat with indig- cial days in each month in medieval calendars]
nity; violate chastity of; disgrace; refuse to dismantle, Strip of covering, protec-
v.t.
accept or pay (cheque, bill of exchange), [f. OF tion, &c. deprive (fortress, ship, &c. of defences,
; )

LL Dis(honorare L — HONOUR 2
dcshonnorerf. )] rigging, equipment. Hence dismantleMEXr
dishonourable (diso-), a. Involving dis- n. [f. obs. F desmantcller (dis-. mantle n.)]
grace, ignominious; unprincipled, base, against disma'st, v.t. Deprive (ship) of mast(s). [dis-]
dictates of honour. Hence dishonoupable- dismay, v.t., & n. (Fill with consternation. I

ness n., dishonourably v 2 adv. [dis-] discourage(ment). [prob. thr. OF dil- + OHG f.
dishorn (-h-), v.t. Cut off horns of. [dis-] ma pan be powerful (may v.)]
dishou'se i-bowz), v.t. Deprive (population dismember, v.t. Tear or cut limb from
&c.) of house(s). [dis-] limb partition (empire, country), divide up.
;

disillu'sion, n.. <x v.t., disillu'sionize.v.t. Hence disme'mber.MEM n. [f. OF desmem-

Disenchant (ment). free(dom) from illusions. brcr (Dis-, L membrum limb)]
Hence disillu'sionMENT n. [dis-. -ize] dismi'ss, v.t., & n. Send away, disperse, dis-
disinclination, n. AVant of liking or will- band, (assembly, army Mil., imperat., word of ;

ingness {for or to course, to do), [dis-] command closing

also as n.. the r?., release
drill,
disincline, v.t. Make indisposed (to do, at end of drill) ; allow to go : discharge, cashier,
for or to course), [dis-] from service or office ; send away from one's
disincop'popate, v.t. Dissolve (corporate presence : put out of ones thoughts, cease to
body), [dis-] feel ; treat (subject) summarily (Law) send out ;

disinfect, v.t. Cleanse (room, clothes, fee.) of court, refuse further hearing to, (case) (Cric- :

of infection. Hence or cogn. disinfe*ctAXT<:?i ket, of batsman) send (ball), send ball of (bow-
a. &n., disinfe'ctiON n. [dis-] len. usu. to boundary or for four &c. Hence
disingenuous, a. Insincere, haA'ing secret dismi*ssAL<2), (now rare) dismrssiox, nn..
motives, not candid. Hence dising-e'huous- dismi'ssiBLE a. [prob. f. L l
(mittcre muss- m
lv 2 adv., disingrenuousNESS n. [dis-] send) with dis- due to obs. disinit f. OF des-
disinherit, v.t. Reject as heir, deprive of 7netrc in same sense]
inheritance. Hence disinhenitANCE n. [dis-, dismount, v.i. 6c t.. &: n. Alight, cause to
inherit in obs. sense make heir] alight, from horseback (n.. alighting); un- &c
disintegrate,. v.t. Separate into com-& i. seat, unhorse, (of horse, enemy, or stumble &e. i:
ponent parts, deprive of or lose cohesion. remove (thing) from its mount (esp. gun from
Hence disinteg*PA TiON,disi*ntegrpatOR 2 (2). carriage), [dis-]
nn. [dis-] disobedience, n.. disobedient, a. Dis-
disinter*, v.t. (-rr-). Unbury, exhume :un- obeying. rebellious(ness),stubborn(ness). Hence
earth. Hence disinter* jvient n. [f. F desen- disobe'dientLv - adv. [f. OF (cits-), see dis-,
tcrrcr (dis-, inter)] OBEDIENCE, OBEDIENT]
disi'ntepested (-re-), a. Not biased by self- disobey (-ba), v.i. & t. Disregard orders,
seeking, impartial. Hence disinterestedly y- break rules : not obey (person, law), [f. F d6s-
adv.. disi'ntepestedNESS n. [dis-] obeir (DIS-, obeyi]
disjecta membra, n. pi. Fragments, disobli'gre, v.t. Refuse to consult conveni-
scattered remains. [L] ence or wishes of. Hence disobli'g'iNi. -

disjoi'n, v.t. Separate, disunite, part. [f. OF disoblrgingr. 2 adv.. disobli'glng-XESsi..

desjoindrc f. L Dis( junpere jn net- join)] [f. F de^oblipcr (Dis-. oblige)]
disjoint, v.t. Dislocate, disturb working or disop'der of order, confusion;
1
, n. Want
connexion of (p.p.. esp. of talk, incoherent. "de- tumult, riot, commotion: ailment, disease, [dis-]
sultory, whence disjointedLY 2 adv.. dis- disop'der -, v.t. Disarrange, throw into con-
jointedxEss n.); take in pieces at the joints. fusion put out of health, upset, [assim. to
;

[f. obs. disjoint adj. f. p.p. of OF as prec] order v. of earlier disordain f. OF desoi'dener
disjunction, Disjoining, separation, [f.
n. (DIS-. ORDAIN)]
L disjunctio (DISJOIN, -H>N)J disop'deply, a. Untidy, confused irregular, ;

disjunctive, a. & n. Disjoining, involving unruly, riotous: hence disop'deplixESS n.

separation (Log.. Gram.) alternative (adj.). in-
:
Constituting public nuisance (d. house, bawdy.
volving choice between two words 8cc (n.. d. gaming, or betting, -house), [disorder l -ly 2 ] ,
proposition or conjunction). Hence disjunc- disop'ganize, v.t. Destroy system &C. of,
tiveLY 2 adv. [f. ~Ldisjunctivus (DISJOIN. -IVEI] throw into confusion. Hence disopganiZA*-
disk, disc, n. Thin circular plate (e.g. coin); tion n. [f. F desorpaniser idis-. organize)]
round flat or apparently flat surface (sun's d.) disorientate (-en-), v.t. Place (church) with
 , ; ;;

DISOWN 238 DISPOSSESS

chancel not directly eastwards confuse (per- ; dispel, be dispelled send to or station at sepa- ;

son) as to his bearings (lit. & fig. ). Hence dis- rate points put in circulation, disseminate
;

OPientA'Tiox n. [dis] (Opt.) divide (white light) into its coloured rays.
disown, v.t. Refuse to recognize, repudiate, Hence dispep*SAL(2) n., dispep'sedLY 2 adV.,
disclaim renounce allegiance to. [dis-]
; dispep'sivE a., dispep'siveLY 2 adv., dis-
dispa*pag-e (-Ij), v.t. Bring discredit on, peP'siveNESS n. [f. F disperseri. L di Hsper-
lower; speak slightingly of, depreciate. So gere -s$>ers- = spargere scatter)]
dispa'rag-e.MENT n., dispa'pagringLY 2 adv. dispep'sion, n. Dispersing (see prec.) the ;

[f. OF desparagier marry unequally (dis-, par- D., the Jews dispersed among Gentiles-Rafter
age equality f. L par equal, -age)] Captivity, [f. L dispersio (prec, -ion)]
di'spapate (-at), a. & n. Essentially differ- dispi'pit, v.t, Make despondent, depress.
ent, diverse in kind, incommensurable, without Hence dispi'pitedLY 2 adv. [dis-]
relation hence di'spapateLY 2 adv., di'spa-
;
dispi'teous, a. Pitiless. [19th-c. revival
pateNESS n. (N., usu. pi.) thing(s) so unlike with changed sense as if f. dis-, piteous, of
that there is no basis for comparison, [f. L 16th-c. despiteous (despite)]
ms(paratus p.p. of parare provide) separate, displa'ce, v.t. Shift from its place remove ;

influenced in sense by L dispar unequal] from office oust, take the place of, put some-
;

dispa'Pity, n. Inequality, difference, incon- thing else in the place of, replace, [f. OF dos-
gruity, [f. F Dis(iJa/-i^ PARITY)] placer (dis-, place n.)]
dispap'k, v.t. Convert (park-land) to other displacement, Displacing, being dis- n.
uses, [dis-] placed amount by which thing is shifted from
;

dispap't 1 (gunnery). Difference between

, n. its place ousting, replacement by something
;

iemidiameters of gun at base-ring and at muz- else amount of fluid displaced by solid floating
;

zle, to be allowed for in aiming sight making ; or immersed in it. [prec, -ment]
the allowance. [?] display* 1 , v.t. Exhibit, expose to view,
dispap't , v.t. & i. Separate, part asunder,
2 show show ostentatiously reveal, betray,
; ;

(t. &
i.) go in different directions distribute,
; ; allow to appear, [f. OF despleier f. L vis(pli-
[f. L Dis(partire f. pars part) distribute] care fold) cf. deploy]
dispa'ssionate, a. Free from emotion, calm, display* 2, n. Displaying exhibition, show ; ;

impartial.Hence dispa*ssionateLY 2 adv., ostentation (Print.) arrangement of type with

;

dispa'ssionatexESs n. [dis] a view to calling attention, [f. prec]

dispa'teh des-, v.t. & i. Send off to a
1
, displea'se (-z), v.t. Offend, annoy, make in-
destination or for a purpose give the death- ;
dignant or angry, be disagreeable to; be dis-
blow to, kill get (task, business) promptly;
pleased (at, with, or abs.), disapprove, be indig-
done, settle, finish off; eat (food, meal) quickly ; nant or dissatisfied. Hence displea'siNG 2 a.,
(archaic) make haste, [f. Sp. despachar expe- displea'sing-LY 2 adv. [f. OF desplaisir (dis-,
dite (dis-, L partus p.p. of pangere fasten) not ; L placere please)]
connected w. F depecher] . displea'supe (-ezher), n., & v.t. Displeased
dispa'teh 2 des-, n. Sending off (o/messen-
, feeling, dissatisfaction, disapproval, anger (vb) ;

ger, letter, &c. putting to death (happy d. ) ;

cause d. to, annoy, [f. OF as prec, assim. to
suicide as practised by Japanese) prompt ; pleasure]
settlement of business, promptitude, efficiency, displu'me, v.t, (poet). Strip of feathers, lit.
rapidity; written message, esp. official com- & fig. [dis-]
munication on State affairs (d.-box, for carry- dispop't, v. refl. & i., & n. (archaic). Frolic,
ing these & other documents) agency for con- : gambol, enjoy oneself, display oneself sportive-
veying goods &c. [f. prec] ly ; (n.) relaxation, pastime, [f. OF desport(er)
dispe'l, v.t. (-11-). Dissipate, disperse, (fears, f. dis-, L portare carry]
[f. L Dis(pellere drive)]
darkness), dispo'sable, a. That can be disposed of,
dispensable, a. That can be relaxed in got rid made over, or used at disposal.
of, ;

special cases (canon, law, oath) ; not necessary, Hence disposaBULiTY n. [dispose, -able]
that can be done without, [f. med.L dispensa- dispo'sal, n. Disposing of, getting rid of,
bilis (dispense, -able)] settling, dealing with, bestowal, assignment
dispensary, n. Place, esp. charitable in- sale control, management,(a£ one'sd. ) placing,
; ;

stitution, where medicines are dispensed ; disposition, arrangement, [foil., -al(2)]

apothecary's shop, [dispense, -ary j ] dispo'se (-z), v.t. i. Place suitably, at in- &
dispensation, n. Distributing, dealing tervals, or in order ; bring (person, mind) into
out ordering, management, esp. of the world
; certain state (esp. in p.p. well-, ill-, disposed) ;
by Providence arrangement made by Xature ; incline, make willing or desirous, to something
or Providence special dealing of Providence; or to do give (thing) tendency to ; determine
;

with community or person religious system ; course of events (man proposes, God disposes).
prevalent at a period (Mosaic, O. T., Christian, D. of: do what one will with, regulate get off ;

d.); exemption from penalty or duty laid down
in esp. eccl. law (with, from) doing without
(with), [f. L dispensatio (foil., -ation)]
dispense, v.t, & i. Distribute, deal out;
administer (sacrament, justice) make up &
give out (medicine) grant dispensations re-
lease from obligation. D. with relax, give
one's hands, stow away, settle, finish, kill, de-
; molish (claim, argument, opponent), dismiss
(cricket XI for certain score), consume (food)
sell. [f. OF dis( poser see pose) substituted
; for L disponere thr. such derivatives as foil.]
; ; disposition, n. Setting in order, arrange-
: ment, relative position of parts (usu. pi.) plan, ;

exemption from, (rule) annul binding force of ; preparations, stationing of troops ready for
(oath) render needless (usu. the need of &c.)
; attack, defence, &c ordinance, dispensation, ;

do without, [f. OF dispenser f. L dispensare (a d. of Providence &c) bestowal by deed or ;

frequent, of ~Dis(pendere pens- weigh)] will control, disposal, (at one's d.) bent, tem-
; ;

dispeo'ple (-pep-), v.t. Depopulate, [f. OF perament, natural tendency inclination to. [F, ;

despeuplerf. L T>E(populare f. populus people)] f. L T>is(positionem f. ponere posit- place)]

disper'se, v.t. & i. Scatter ft. & i. drive, go, ), dispossess (-zes), v.t. Oust, dislodge, (per-
throw or send, in different directions, rout, son) ; deprive of; rid (person) of or o/evtl spirit.

For compounds of dis- not given consult dis-.

 ; ;;;

DISPRAISE 239 DISSIPATE

Hence disposse'ssiox, disposse'ssoR 2 ,
dissea't, v.t. Unseat, [dis]
iin. OF despossesser (DIS-, possess)]
[f. disse'et, v.t. Cut in pieces anatomize, cut ;

disprai'se (-z), v.t,, & n. Disparage(ment), up, (animal, plant) to show its structure &c.
censure, [n. f. vb, OF despreisier f. L de- examine part by part, analyse, criticize in de-
f.
pretiare depreciate] tail. Hence or cogn. disse'etiON, disse'e-
disppoo'f, n. Refutation thing that dis- tOR 2 nn. [f. L Dis(seca?'e sect- cut)]
; ,

proves, [dis-] dissei'se, -ze, (-sez), v.t. Oust, dispossess, of

disproportion, n. Want of proportion estates (or fig.), [f. OF dessaisir (dis-, seize)] ;

being out of proportion. Hence dispropop*- dissei'sin, -zin, (-sez-), n. (legal). Disseising,
t ion k i > 2 a. [dis-] wrongful dispossession of real property, [f. OF
disproportionate (-at), a. Wanting pro- dessaisine (dis-, seizin)]
portion ; relatively too large or small. Hence disse'mble, v.t. i. & Cloak, disguise, con-
disppopop'tionateL v adv. [pis-] 2
ceal, (character, feeling, intention, act) pre- ;

disppo've (-oov),v.t. (p.p. -d, rarely -n). Prove tend not to see, ignore, (insult &c. archaic) ;

false, show fallacy of, refute, [f. OF {lesprovcr fail to mention (fact) conceal one's motives ;

(DIS-, PROVE)] &c., be a hypocrite, whence disse'mblER 1 n.

disputable, a. Open to question, uncertain. [perh. assim. to resemble of obs. dissimule f. OF
Hence disputable 2 adv. [f. L disputabilis dissimider f. L T>is(simidare simulate)]
(DISPUTE 1 -ABLE)] ,
disseminate, v.t. Scatter abroad, sow in
disputa'tion, n. Argument, controversy. various places, (lit., seed; usu. fig., doctrines,
Hence disputa'tious a., disputa'tiousLY 2 sedition, &c). So disseminATiox, dis-
adv., disputa'tiousxESS n. [f. ~Ldisputatio se'minatOR 2 nn. [f. L dis(sc minare f. semen ,

(foil., -ATIOX)] -inis seed), -ate 3]

dispu'te 1
, v.i. & t. Argue, hold disputation, disse'nsion, n. Discord arising from differ-
{with, against, person, on, about, subject), ence in opinion. [F, f. L T>is(sensionem f. sen-
whence di'sputAXT(l) n. & a. ;
quarrel, have tire sens- feel, -iox)]
altercation discuss (whether, how, &c; point,
;
disse'nt 1 , v.t. Refuse to assent; disagree,
question) controvert, call in question, (state-
; think differently or express such difference
ment, fact) resist (landing, advance, &c.)
; (from), esp. in religious doctrine from an estab-
contend for, strive to win, (pre-eminence, vic- lished church (dissenting minister, noncon-
tory, every inch of ground), [f. OF desputer f. L formist clergyman). Hence disse'nt ing-LY 2
Dis{putare reckon)] adv. [f. L T>m(sentire feel)]
dispu'te 2, n. Controversy, debate, (in d., disse'nt 2, n. (Expression of) difference of
being argued about beyond, past, icithout, d., ; opinion refusal to accept doctrines of estab-
;

certainly, indisputably); heated contention, lished church, nonconformity, (collect.) dis-

quarrel, difference of opinion, [f. prec] senters, [f. prec.]
disqualification, n. In vbl senses; esp., disse'ntep, n. One who dissents, esp. from
thing that disqualifies, [foil., -fication] a national church member of a sect that has
;

disqualify, v.t. Unfit, disable, (for some separated itself from the Church of England or
purpose or office) incapacitate legally, pro- ; Scotland, [-er ]
]
nounce unqualified, [dis-] disse'ntient (-shl-, -shnt), a. & n. (One) dis-
disqui'et, v.t., a., & n. Deprive of peace, agreeing with a majority or official view (D.
worry (adj.) uneasy, disturbed, whence dis-
;
Liberals = Liberal Unionists), [f. L ms(sen-
qui'eTUDE, disqui'etNESS, nn. (n.) anxiety, ;
tire feel), -ext]
unrest, [dis-] dissepiment, n. (bot. & zool.). Partition,
disquisi'tion (-zishn), n. (Archaic) investi- septum, [f. L Dis(saepimentum f. saeptre f.
gation, inquiry (mod.) long or elaborate trea-
;
saepes hedge, -mext)]
tise or discourse on subject. Hence dis- dissep't, di'sseptate, vv.i. Discourse, give
quisi'tionAL a. [f. L ms(quisitio f. -quirere an exposition, disquisition, or dissertA "tion
-quisit- = quaerere seek, -iox)] n. [f. p.p. stems of L ms(serere sert- join) & its
- dispa'te, v.t. (naut.). Reduce to lower rating frequent, dissertare, -ate 3
]

or rank, [dis-] dissep've, v.t. Do an ill turn to. So dis-

dispeg-ap'd, v.t., n. Pay no attention to,& ser'vice n. [dis-]
ignore, treat as of no importance ; (n.) indiffer- disse'vep, v.t. & i. Sever, divide, [dis-]
ence, neglect (of, for). Idis-] di'ssidence, n. Disagreement, dissent, [f.

dispe'lish, n., v.t. &

Dislike, (regard with) L dissidentia (foil., -exce)]
distaste, aversion, [dis-] di'ssident, a. & n. Disagreeing, at variance ;

disrepair*, n. Bad condition for want of (a. &n.)

dissentient ; dissenter, [f. L ms(sidere
repairs (usu. is &c. in «*.). [dis-] -sedere sit), -ext]
disreputable, a. Discreditable of bad ; dissig-h't, n. Unsightly thing, eyesore, [dis-]
repute, not respectable in character or appear- dissi'milap, a. Unlike (to, also rarely from,
ance. Hence dispe'putablexESS n., dis- with). Hence dissi'mila'PiTY n., dissi'mi-
pe'putabLY 2 adv. [dis-] laPLY 2 adv. [dis-]
dispepu*te, n. Ill repute, discredit, [dis-] dissi'milate, v.t. (philol.). Make unlike
disrespect, n. Rudeness, want of respect. (sounds repeating each other, as in cinnamo??,
So dispespe'ctFUL a., dispespe'etfulLY 2 orig. cinnamo?n). Hence dissimilA'Tiox n.
adv., dispespe'etfulxESS n. [dis-] [f. L ms(similis like), after assimilate]

dispo'be, v. t. & i. Divest of robe or garment dissimilitude, n. Unlikeness. [f. L dis-

undress (refl. or intr.). [dis-]
((also fig.) ; similitudo (prec, -tude)]
disroo't, v.t. Uproot dislodge, [dis-] ; dissimulate, v.t. & i. Pretend not to have
dispu'pt, v.t. Shatter, separate forcibly. or feel (cf. simulate) ; dissemble, be hypocri-
2
[19th-c. vb f. L disrupt- see foil.] tical. So dissi'mulATiox, dissi'mulatOR ,

dispu'ption, n. Bursting asunder, violent nn. [f. ~Lms(simidare simulate), -ate 3]

dissolution, rent condition; the D., split in di'ssipate, v.t. & i. Disperse, dispel or dis-
Church of Scotland 1843. So dispU'ptivE a. appear, (cloud, vapour, care, fear, darkness)
[f. L T>\s(rrtptio f. rumpere rupt- break, -ion)] dissolve to atoms, bring or come to nothing
dissa'tisfy, v.t. Fail to satisfy, make dis- squander (money) fritter away (energy, atten- ;

contented. SO diSSATISFA"CTION n. [D1S-] tion) engage in frivolous or dissolute pleasures •

 ; )
;

DISSIPATED 240 DISTORT

(people go there to d". ;. Hence di'ssipatiVE a. position, time, resemblance, &c. (a d. likeness,
[f.L ms(sipare throw), -ate 3J connexion', d. ages ; d. signal on railway, one in
di'ssipated, a. In vbl senses; esp., given advance or home signal to give warning) ; not
to dissipation, dissolute, [-ed *] intimate, reserved, cool. Hence di'stantLYS
dissipation, n. Scattering, dispersion, dis- adv. [F, f. L distant- part. st. see distance]
integration ; wasteful expenditure of; distrac- dista'ste, n. Dislike, repugnance, slight
tion, want of concentration, of faculties &c; aversion, (for), [dis-]
frivolous amusement : intemperate or vicious dista'steful, a. Disagreeable, repellent.
living, ff. L dissipatxo (dissipate, -ion)] Hence dista'stefulNESS n. [-ful]
disso'eialize (-sha-), v.t. Make unsocial, diste'mpep 1 , v.t. (archaic, usu. in p.p.). Up-
disincline for society, [dis-, social, -izeJ set, derange, in health or sanity (a distempered
disso'eiate (-shi-), v.t. Disconnect, separate, fancy), [f. med.L Dis(TEMPERare L)]
in thought or in fact ; (Chem.) decompose, esp. diste'mpep 2 , n. Derangement, an ailment,
by heat. So dissoeiATioN (-si-) n., disso'- of body qr mind dog-disease with catarrh, ;

&
cIable, disso'eiativE, (-sha-), aa. [f. L dis- cough, weakness ; political disorder, [f. prec.1
(sociare f. socius comrade), -ate 3] &
diste'mpep 3, n., v.t. Method of painting
di'ssoluble (-dobl), a. That can be disinteg- on plaster or chalk with colours* mixed with
rated, untied, or disconnected. Hence di'sso- yolk of egg, size, &c, instead of oil, used for
Iubi'lity n. [f. L visisolubilis soluble)] scene-painting &
internal walls (paint in d.);
di'ssolute (-oot), a. Lax in morals, licentious. (vb) paint (wall &c, or abs.) thus. [n. f. vb, f.
Hence di'ssoluteLY adv., di'ssolutexEss OF destemprer f. L as distemper 1 ]
2
n. [f. L dissolutusjp.-p. (dissolve)] diste'nd, v.t. i. &
Swell out by pressure
dissolution (-00-), n. Disintegration, de- from within (balloon, vein, nostrils, &c). So
composition; liquefaction (of ice or snow) ; un- diste'nsiBLE a., distensiBiLiTY, diste'n-
doing of bond, partnership, marriage, or al- sion, nn. [f. L vis(tendere tens- stretch)]
liance ; dismissal of assembly, esp. ending of a di'stich (-k), n. Pair of verse lines, couplet,
Parliament with a view to fresh election [f. L f. Gk T>i 2 (stikhon f. stikhos line) neut. adj.]
death ; coming to an end, fading away, disap- di'sticnous (-k-), a. (bot. ). (Having fruit &c.
pearance, [f. L dissolutio (foil., -ion)] arranged in two vertical lines on opposite sides
disso'lve (-z-), v.t. & i. Decompose (t. & i.) of stem. [f. L f. Gk as prec, -ous]
&
make or become liquid esp. by immersion in disti'l, v.i. t. (-11-). Trickle down come or ;

liquid (dissolved in tears, weeping copiously), give forth in drops, exude turn to vapour by ;

relax, enervate; vanish" (dissolving vieivs, of heat, condense by cold, &

re-collect (liquid)
magic lantern, one fading while another re- extract essence of (plant &c, or fig. doctrine
places it) ; disperse (t. &L), esp. d. Parliament &c.) ; drive (volatile constituent) off or out by
or d., declare dissolution ; put an end to (part- heat ; make (whisky, essence) by distillation
nership &c), annul. Hence disso'lv able a. [f. undergo distillation. So distill a *tion n., dis-
L Dis(soZvere solid- loosen)] ti'llatORY a. [f. L Di Hstillare drop)]
disso'lvent (-z-), a. & n. (Thing) that dis- di'stillate (-at), n. Product of distillation,
solves something (usu. of), [-ent] [as prec, -ate 2 ]
di'ssonant, a. Discordant, harsh-toned, in- disti'llep, n. One who distils, esp. alcoholic
congruous. Hence or cogn. di'ssonANCE n., spirit, whence disti'llERY(3) n. ; apparatus for
di'ssonantLY 2 adv. [L Dis(sonare sound), distilling salt water at sea. [-er 2 ]
-ant] disti'net,a. Not identical, separate, indivi-
dissua'de (-savM), v.t. Advise against, de- dual, different in quality or kind, unlike, (from,
precate, (action) ; give advice to hinder, divert, or abs.); clearly perceptible, plain, definite un- ;

(person from). So dissua'siON n., dissua*- mistakable, decided, positive. Hence dis-
sive a. [f. L T>is(suadere suas- persuade)] ti'netLY 2 adv., disti'netNESs n. [f. L dis-
dissyllable &c. See disy- &c. tinctus p.p. see distinguish]
dissymmetrical, a., dissymmetry, n. distinction, n. Making of a difference, dis-
Symmetrical, symmetry, in opposite directions, crimination, the difference made (d. without a
as in the two hands (esp. of crystals with two difference, a merely nominal or artificial one)
corresponding forms), [dis-] being different thing that differentiates, mark,
;

di'staff, n. Cleft stick about 3 ft long on name, title ; showing of special consideration,
which wool or flax was wound for spinning by mark of honour ; distinguished character, ex-
hand ; corresponding part of spinning-wheel cellence, eminence (of literary style) individu-
;

woman's work; d. side, female branch of ality. [F, f L distinctionem (distinguish, -ion )]
.

family (cf. spear-side for the male). [OE distsef distinctive, a. Distinguishing, characteris-
(LG diesse bunch of flax + staff)] tic. Hence disti'nctiveLY 2 adv., disti'nc-
di'stal, a. (anat., bot.). Away from centre of tiveNESS n. [distinguish, -ive]
body or point of attachment, terminal, [irreg. distingue (F), a. Of distinguished air, fea-
f. distant, -al] tures, manners, &c.
di'stance, n., & v.t. Being far off, remote- disti'ng-uish, v.t. i. &
Divide into classes
ness; extent of space between, interval, (with- &c. ; be, see, or point out, the difference of
in striking-d., near enough to deliver blow) (thing, thing from another also intr. with be- ;

avoidance of familiarity, reserve, (esp. keep tween), differentiate, draw distinctions charac- ;

one's d.) distant point (at, to, from, ad.); re- terize, be a mark or property of make out by
; ;

moter field of vision (in the d. middle d., in listening, looking, &c, recognize make one-
; ;

painted or actual landscape, between fore- self prominent (often by gallantry &c. ). Hence
ground & far part) ; space of time (at this d. of disti'ng-uish able a., disti'ng-uishabLY 2
time) ; (in adv. phrr.) a good &c. d. off. (Vb) adv. [f. L di l (stinguere stinct- extinguish prob.
place or make seem far off; leave far behind in cogn. w. Gk st izo prick), with irreg. use of -ish 1 )
race or competition, [f. OF destance f. L dis- disti'ng-uished, a. In vbl senses esp. : re- ;

tantia [Di^stare stand apart)] markable, eminent, famous, of high standing ;

di'stant, a. Far, or a specified distance, = DISTINGUE. [-ED 1 ]
away (three miles d.) remote, far apart, in distop't, v. t. Put out of shape, make crooked
;

For compounds of dis- not given consult dis-.

 Y ;

DISTORTIONIST 241 DIVARICATE

or unshapely, (actually or, as by curved mirror divide into dd. [F, f . med. L districtus j urisdic-
&c, apparently) misrepresent (motives, facts, ; tion f. L district- see distrain]
statements). Hence or cogn. distoP'tedLY - distpu'st , n. Want of trust, doubt, sus-
1

adv., distoptiON n., distortion al a. [f. L picion. Hence distPU'stFUL a., distpu'st-
T>ls(torquere tort- twist)] fulLY 2 adv. [DIS-]
distortionist, n. Caricaturist; acrobat distpu'st 2, v.t. Have no confidence in,
who distorts his body, [-ist] doubt, not reiy on. [dis-]
distra'ct, v.t. Divert, draw away, (atten- distup*b,v.t. Agitate, trouble, disquiet, un-
tion, the mind, usu. from) draw in different ;
settle perplex, [f. OF destorber t L ms(tui-b-
;

directions, divide or confuse the attention of, are f. turba crowd)]

(often p.p. with between) bewilder, perplex; disturbance, n. Interruption of tranquilli-
(chiefly p.p.) drive mad. Hence distpa'eted- ty, agitation tumult, uproar, outbreak (Law)
; ;

ly 2 distpa'ctingLY 2 advv. [f L ms(trahere

, , . molestation, interference with rights or pro-
tract- draw)] perty, [f. OF destorbance (prec, -ance)]
distra'ction, n. Diversion thing that di- of, disu'nion, n. Separation, want of union,
verts, the mind interruption lack
; of concen- ; dissension. So disuNi'TE v.t. & i. [dis-]
tration ; amusement, relief from over-absorp- disu'se l Discontinuance, want of use
(-s), n.
tion ; confusion, perplexity, internal conflict, or practice, desuetude, [dis-]
dissension; frenzy, madness, {to d., to a mad disu'se 2 (-z), v.t. Cease to use. [dis-]
degree), [f. L distractio (prec, -ion)] disy'llable, diss-, n. Word, metrical foot,
distrai'n, v.i. (legal). Levy a distress (upon of two syllables. So dis(s)ylla'bic a., dis-
person or his goods, or abs.), seize chattels to (s)ylla'biCALLY adv. [f. F dissyllabe (di- 2 ,

compel person to pay money due (esp. rent) or syllable) -ss- in F as sign of hard sound]
;

meet an obligation, or to obtain satisfaction by ditch, n., & v.i. & t. Long narrow excava-
sale of the chattels. Hence distrai'nER », tion, esp. to hold or conduct water or serve as
distrai'noR 2 distpainEE distparnMENT ,
-
, boundary watercourse die 2 in last d.; d.-
; ;

& (in same sense) distrarnt, nn. [f. OF des- water, stagnant in d. (esp. dull as d.-water).
treindre f. L DiHstringere strict- squeeze)] (Vb) make or repair dd. (esp. hedging ditch- &
distrait' (-a), a. (fern, -te, pr. -at). Absent- ing), whence ditehERML 2) n.; provide with
minded, not attending. [FJ dd._, drain. [OE die, whence also dike]
distraught, a. (archaic). Violently agi- ditheism, n. Religious dualism, belief in
tated crazy, [var. of obs. dist?'act a. f. L dis-
; independent principles of good & evil, [di- 2 ]
tract us p.p. see distract] dithyramb Greek choric hymn of
(-am), n.
distress *, n. Severe pressure of pain, sor- wild character Bacchanalian song vehement
; ;

row, &c, anguish; want of money or neces- or inflated poem, speech, or writing. So di-
saries straits, dangerous position exhaustion,
; ; thypa'mbic (-mb-) a. & n. [f. L f. Gk dithu-
being tired out, breathlessness (Law) = dis- ; ravibos etym. dub.]
traint d.-gun, -rocket, signals from ship in
; dittany, n. A herb, formerly of medicinal
danger; d. -warrant, authorizing distraint. repute, [f. OF ditan L f. Gk diktamnon perh.
f.
Hence distpe'ssFUL a. If. OF destrece f. LL f. Dikte in Crete]
*districtia (distrain, -y l )\ ditto, a. & n. (abbr. d°, do ; pi. -os). The afore-
distress 2 , v.t. Subject to severe strain, ex- said, the accounts, inventories, & com-
same, (in
haust, afflict cause anxiety to, vex, make un-
; merc or colloq. talk, instead of repeating word)
happy. Hence distpe'ssingxY 2 adv. [f. F duplicate, similar thing, (d. suit, suit of dd.,
destresser f. LL districtiare as prec] clothes all of one material) say d. to, agree ;

distribute, v.t. Deal out, give share of to with, endorse opinion of. [It. (now detto), f. L
each of a number spread abroad, scatter, put ; dictus p.p. of dicere say]
at different points divide into parts, arrange, ; ditto'graphy, n. Copyist's mistaken repe-
classify; (Log.) use (term) in its full exten- tition of letter, word, or phrase. Hence ditto-
sion so that it includes every individual of the gra'phic a. [f. Gk dittos double, -graph y]
class.Hence (orig. -er) distpi'but0R 2 (l,2) n., ditty, n. Short simple song. [ME dite f. OF
distPi'butABLE a. [f. L ms(tiHbuere tribut- ditki, L dictatum neut. p.p. of dictare dictate 2 ]
assign)] ditty-bag", -box, nn. Sailor's, fisherman's,
distribution, n. Distributing, apportion- receptacle for odds & ends. [?]
ment (Pol. Econ.) dispersal among consumers
; diuretic, a. & n. (Substance) exciting dis-
effected by commerce, also extent to which in- charge of urine, [f. L f. Gk diouretikos f. Di 3-
dividuals or classes share in aggregate products (oureo make water), -ic]
of community spreading abroad, dispersing, ; diup'nal, a. (Astron.) occupying one day;
scattered situation or arrangement ; division (archaic) daily, of each day of the day, not ;

into parts, arranging, classification (Log. ) ap- ; nocturnai. Hence diup'nalLY 2 adv. [f. L
plication of term to all individuals of the class. diurnalis (dies day)]
Hence distributionAL a. [F, f. L distribu- div (dev), n. Evil spirit in Persian mythology.
tionem (prec, -ion)] [Pers., = Skr. deva god]
distributive, a. & n. Of, concerned with, di'va (de-), n. Great woman singer, prima
pi-oduced by, distribution (Log., Gram.) refer- ;
donna. [It. f. L, = goddess]
ring to each individual of a class, not to the di'vagate, v.i. Stray, digress. Hence di-
class collectively; (n., gram.) d. word (as each, vag*A'TiON n. [f. L di ^(vagari wander), -ate 3]
neither, every). Hence distributive!, 2 di'valent, a. Combining with two atoms of
adv. [F (-if, -ive), f. L as distribute, -ive] hydrogen &c, having two combining-equiva-
di'stpiet, n., & v.t. Territory marked off for lents. [di- 2 L valere be worth, -ent]
,

special administrative purpose division of ; diva'n, Oriental coxincil of State, esp.

n.
parish with its own church or chapel & clergy- Turkish privy council oriental council-cham- ;

man urban or
; rural division of county with D. ber, court of justice long seat against room- ;

Council assigned sphere of operations tract

; ; wall smoking-room, cigar-shop. [Turk., f. Pers.
;

of country with common characteristics, re- devan brochure, account-book, custom-house

gion D. Railway, serving parts of London &
; (see douane), tribunal, senate, bench]
suburbs; d. visitor, person working under diva'Picate (or di-), v.i. Diverge, branch, (of
clergyman's direction in section of parish (vb) ; roads, branches, &c). Hence or cogn. diva'Pi-
 ;
; ). ;

DIVE 212 DO
cation n., diva*rieATE 2 (-at) a. (bot., zool.). covery of the unknown
or future by«uperna-
[f. varicus straddling), -ate 3 ]
L Di^ivaricare f. tural means ;good guess. [OF,
skilful forecast,
dive, v.i., &
Plunge, esp. head foremost,
n. f. L divinationem (divine 2 -ation)] ,

into water &c. go down or out of sight sud-

;
divi'ne \ a. (-er, -est) & n. Of, from, like, God
denly put one's hand into water, vessel, pocket
;
or a god (d. right of kings, independent of their
penetrate or search mentally into diving-bell, ; subjects' will) devoted to God, sacred, (d. ser-
;

open-bottomed box or bell in which person can vice, public worship) superhumanly excellent, ;

be letdown into deep water. (N. plunge, header, ) gifted, or beautiful hence divi'neLY 2 adv. ;

swim under water sudden dart out of sight
(U.S.) drinking-den. [mixture of sense of OE
dufan sink with form of OE dyfan immerse]
di'vep, n. In vbl senses esp. person who
dives for pearls, to examine sunk ships, &c.
; (N.) person (usu. cleric) skilled in theology, [f.
OF devin f. L divinus cf. divus, deus, god] m
divi'ne 2, v.t. & i. Make out by inspiration,
; : magic, intuition, or guessing, foresee, predict,
; conjecture practise divination divining-rod,
; ;

kinds of diving bird, [-ER 1 ] = dowsing-rod. Hence divi'nER 2 (4) n. [f. F

divep'g"e (or di-), v.i. & t. Proceed in differ- deviner f. L divinare (divinus divine 1 )]
entdirections from point or each other go aside ;
divi'nity, n. Being divine, godhood a god, ;

from track; differ, deviate make d., deflect. ; godhead the D., God adorable person; theo-
; ;

Hence divep'gENCE, divep'g-ENCY, nn., di- logy, University theological faculty (Book- ;

ver'gENT a., divep'greatLY -, divep'ging"- bind.) d. calf, dark brown ungilt with blind
ly 2 advv. [f. di- i, L vcrgere verge v.]
,
stamping. [f. OF definite f. L divinitatem
drveps (-z), a. (archaic or facet.). Sundry, (divine 1 -ty)] ,

several, more than one. [OF, f. L di (ve?'sus p.p. i

di'vinize, v.t. Deify. Hence diviniz ation
of vertere turn) = foil.] n. [f. F diviniser f. divin = devin divine l ]

divep'se (or di-), a. Unlike in nature or divi'sible (-z-), a. Capable of being divided
qualities varied, changeful. Hence or cogn.
; actually or in thought (Math.) d. by, contain- ;

divep'seLY 2 adv., divep'siFORM a. [as prec] ing (a number) some number of times without
divep'sify (prec), v.t. Make diverse, vary, remainder. Hence divisiBi'LiTY n. [f. L di-
modify, variegate. So divepsiFic ation n. [f. visibilis (divide 1 -IBLE)] ,

OF diversifler f. med.Ldirersi/ica?*e(prec., -FY)] divi'sion (-Izhn), n. Dividing or being di-

divep'sion (prec. ), n. Deflecting, deviation ;
vided, severance distribution, sharing, (d. of;

diverting of attention, manoeuvre to secure labour, time-saving arrangement giving differ-

this, feint; recreation, pleasant distraction, ent parts of manufacturing process &c to dif-
pastime, [f. med.L diversio (divert, -ion)] ferent persons) disagreement, discord (Math.)
; ;

divep'sity (prec), n. Being diverse, unlike- process of dividing number by another (long,
ness different kind variety, [f. OF diversite
; ; short, d., methods usual with divisors greater,
f. L diversitatem (divers, -ity)] not greater, than 12) (Log.) classification, enu- ;

divep't (prec), v.t. Turn aside, deflect, (stream
tic, from, to, or abs. turn elsewhere, get rid of,
ward off; draw off attention of (from one thing
meration of parts, distinction of meanings
) ;
(Pari.) separation of House into two sets for
counting votes dividing line, boundary part,
; ;

to another), distract ; entertain, amuse, whence section administrative &c district definite
; ;

divep'tiNG 2 a., divep'ting-LY 2 adv. [f. OF part, under single command, of army or fleet
divertir f. L T>i 1 vertere DEvertere -vers- turn & (Nat. Hist.) section of kingdom, order, genus,
in different directions, turn away] &c Hence divi'sionAL a., divi'sionalLY 2
Di'ves,n. (Typical name for) rich man; (Law) adv. [OF, L divisionem (divide -ion)]
f. 1
,

d. costs, costs on higher scale (opp. pauper divi'sop (-z-), n. (math.). Number by which
costs). [L, = rich, ref. to Luke xvi. 19, where another (the dividend) is to be divided num- ;

Vulgate has d.] ber that divides another without remainder.

dive'st (or di-), v.t. Unclothe ; strip of gar- [L (divide 1 -or 2 )] ,

ment &c deprive, rid, of (d. oneself of, aban-

; divop'ee n. Legal dissolution of marriage;
J
,

don). Hence dive'st.MEXT, dive'stitURE, nn. (loosely) decree of nullity of marriage (loosely) ;

learlier devest f. OF desvestir (dis-, L vestire judicial separation of husband and wife; (fig.)
f. vestls garment)] severance, sundering. [F, f. L divortium f. Dl 1 -

divi'de l9 v.t. & i. Separate (t. & i.) into parts, (vortcre later vertere turn)]
break up make way through, make
split or ; divop'ee 2, v.t. Legally dissolve marriage be-
(way &c) through mark out actually or men- ; tween separate (spouse) by d. from put away,
; ;

tally in parts, fall into parts, make classification repudiate, (spouse) ; dissolve (union) ; sever
in, distinguish kinds of ; sunder, part, cut off, (things, thing from). Hence di- or divoPCEE*
(things, thing from) cause to disagree, set at ; (also F divorce masc, -be fem.), divop'eeMENT,
variance, distract ; distribute, deal out, (among, nn. [f. F divorcer f. med.L divortiare (prec)]
between); share with others; (Math.) see how di'vot, n. (Sc, north.). turf, sod. [?] A
often number contains another (d. 20 by 8), do divu'lge (-j), v.t. Let out, reveal. Hence
division, (of number) go into (number) without or cogn. divulg-ATioN, divu'lg"eMENT, di-
remainder part (t. & i. of House of Parlia-
; vu'lg"ENCE, nn. [f. L Di 1 (vulgare publish f.
ment, meeting, &c) into two sets in voting, vulgus people)]
[f. L m
(videre -vis- cf. vidua widow)]
l
di'zen (or di-), v.t. Array with finery, deck
divi'de 2, n. (U.S. &c). Watershed, [f. prec] out or up, bedizen, [cf. LG diesse bunch of flax,
drvidend, n. (Math. number to be divided ) & distaff; from 1530]
by divisor sum payable as interest on loan or
; di'zzy, a., & v.t. Giddy, dazed, unsteady,
as profit of joint-stock company (ex d., cum d. tottering, confused making giddy (of moun-
; ;

or to creditors of insolvent estate ; individual's tain, tower, &c) very high (of stream, wheel, ;

share of it (d.-warrant, order to pay this), [f. F
dividende f. hdividendum (divide l -nd x )]
divi'dep, n. In vbl senses esp., (pi.) measur-
ing-compasses, esp. those provided with screw
for setting to small intervals, [-er 1 ]
divi'dual, a. Separate separable. Hence
&c) whirling rapidly; hence di'zziLY 2 adv.,
, di'zziNESS n. (Vb) make d., bewilder. [OE
; dysig xv.,dysigan v., cf. LG dusen v.]
&
do l (doo), v.t. i. & aux. (sing. pres. 2, doest
as t. & i., dost pr. dust as aux.; 3, does pr. dtiz
; & archaic doth pr. du-, doeth past did, didst ; ;

divi'dualLY 2 adv. [f. L dividuus + -al] p.p. done pr. dun dont, didnt, are common for;

divination, n. Divining, insight into or dis- do not, did not : doesn't, & vulg. dan't, for does
 ' ; ;

DO 243 DOCTRINAL
not). 1. Vb trans.: (archaic) put (now only in stance. [med.L f. Gk doketai lit. seemers (doked
do to death); bestow.impart, grant, render, give, seem)+ -ic, -ist, -ism]
do'ehmiac (dok-), a. & n. Composed of doch-
(does
does
try ;
him credit, does credit to his intelligence
me good, harm did a service to his coun- mii (dochmius, v^
;
^-) (n. usu. pi.) line(s) so
do justice to) perform, carry out, effect, composed, [f. Gk dokhmiakos f. dokhmios adj.
;
;

— ;

bring to pass, (thing, work, good, right, wrong, (dokhme hand-breadth f. dekhomai receive)]
duty, bidding, penance what is to be done xcith ;
dd'clle (or -II), a. Teachable submissive ;
;

him?), whence do'iNG^l) n. (usu. pi.) (p.p. &
perf.) complete, bring to an end, (it is, I have,
done) exert, use, (do one's endeavour, one's
;
best) produce, make, (have done six copies);
;
operate on, deal with, repair, set in order, (does
the French books for the Athenaeum; paper-
hanger does a house, hoiisemaid a room; do
one's hair) cook, roast, &c, to the right degree
; stumpy tail, cf. G clocke bundle, plug]
(chop done to a turn; well, over, under, -done)
solve (sum, problem) translate into English
; easily managed. So doerliTY n. [F, f. L doci-
lis (docere teach, -il)]
dock. l. n. Kinds of coarse weedy herb, popu-
lar antidote for nettle stings. [OE docce, cf. G
docken-bldtter]
dock 2, n. Solid fleshy part of animal's tail
crupper of saddle or harness. [= Icel. clockr
dock 3 , v.t. Cut short (animal in tail, person
; in hair; or tail &c.) lessen, deprive of, put
;

&c. work at (lesson); play the part of (did Lear,

; limits on (person, supplies) (Law) d. the entail, ;

the cicerone hence do the polite &c.) exhaust,

; ; cut it off; docktailed, with tail docked, [f. prec]
tire out; (slang) cheat; traverse (such a distance) &
dock 4 , n., v.t. & i. Basin with flood-gates
(colloq.) see the sights of (city, museum) (slang) ; in which ships may be loaded, unloaded, or re-
undergo (term of punishment) ; (with noun of paired (dry or graving d. for repairing or build- ,

action as compd vb) do battle &c, fight &c; ing, water being pumped out wet d., with ;

(slang) provide food &c. for (they do you very water kept at high-tide level floating d., float- ;

well). 2. Vb intr.: (w. adv. or advl phr.) act, ing structure usable as dry d.) (usii. pi.) range ;

proceed, (do as they do at Rome woidd do ; of d.basins with wharves and offices, dockyard;
wisely to withdraw) perform deeds (do or die); ; (Railway) platform-enclosure in which line ter-
make an end (have done!, cease let us have ; minates d.-dues, charge for use of dock, also
;

done with it) fare, get on, (well, badly, &c; of

; do*ckAGE(4) n. d.-master, superintendent of
;

person or thing how do you do ? or how d'ye

; dockyard or enclosure with dd. & all ship build-
do ?) ; be suitable, answer purpose, serve, suf- ing & repairing appliances, esp. in connexion
fice. 3. Vb substitute (a) replacing vb and : with Navy. (Vb) bring (ship), (of ship) come, in-
taking its construction, as / chose my wife as to d. furnish with dd. [cf 16th-c. Du. docke]
; .

she did her gown (b) replacing vb & obj. &c,

; dock 5 , n. Enclosure in criminal court for
as if you saw the truth as clearly as I do (c) ; prisoner. [= Fl. dok rabbit-hutch]
as elliptical auxiliary, as did yo u see him ? I '
'
do'ekep, n. Labourer in dock 4 [-er j ] .

did' ; (d) with so, it, which, &c, as I wanted : do'cket, n., & v.t. (Law) register of legal
to see him, &
I did so in passing through the ; judgments (vb, enter in this) endorsement on ;

market, which he seldom did; if you want to letter or document showing its contents or sub-
tell him, do it now. 4. Vb aux. used with infin. : ject (vb, endorse thus) Custom-House warrant ;

for simple pres. &past (a) when special empha- certifying payment of duty certificate of cot- ;

sis is to be laid on a fact, as / do so wish I could, ton clearing-house entitling presenter to deli-
esp. in contrast with what has preceded, as But very, [f. loth c; etym. dub.]
I did see him also for imperat. in urgent peti-
; do'ckize, v.t. Make
(river) into range of
tions, as do tell me, do but think or when the ; docks. Hence doekiZA'TiON n. [-ize]
pronoun is inserted & emphasized, as do you go do'etop l9 n. (Archaic) teacher, learned man,
rather ; (b) when inversion is desired, asrarely (Del. of the Chitrch, certain, esp. four Eastern
does it happen that (c) the usual form in ques- ; & four Western, early fathers) holder of the ;

tions except with have, be, & some monosyl. highest university degree in any faculty (often
vbs, as did you recognize her?, do you dare ? honorary; used as prefix to surname, usu.
or dare you ? (d) usual in not statements ex-
; abbr. Dr), ettp. d. of medicine male or female
cept with be, have, dare, need, &c; also in riot (also pop. of any medical man, M.D. or not, esp.
commands. 5. Phrr. &c: a to-do, bustle, fuss; in voc); kinds of mechanical appliance for
well-to-do, rich enough, thriving; have to do regulating &c. artificial fly d. 's stuff, physic.
; ;

with, be concerned or connected with nothing ; Hence or cogn. do'etoPAL, doctoP'iAL, do'e-
doing, going on clone, used in accepting offer
; tOPLESS, aa., dO'CtOPATE 1 dO'CtOPSHIP(l, 3), ,

or bet; do-nothing, a. & n., idle(r). 6. With do'etoPHOOD, do'etPESS 1 (facet. &c. for usu.
prepp.: do by, treat, deal with, in such a way ;
d. fern.), nn. [OF f. L (docere doct- teach, -or 2 )]
do for (colloq.), act as housekeeper &c. for, ruin, do'etoP 2, v.t. & i. Confer degree of d. on;
destroy, kill do to, unto,= do by; do with, get
; treat (patient, oneself) medically patch up ;

on with, tolerate (jocularly, could do with a (machinery &c.) adulterate, falsify; practise
;

drink), find sufficient; do without, dispense as physician (esp. in gerund), [f. prec]
with. 7. With advv.: do away (with), abolish ; Doctors' Commons, n. pi. ta- Common
do up, restore, repair, wrap up (parcel), tire out. ble, buildings (in which certain courts were
Hence do'ABLE(doo-) a., do'ER 1 (doo-) n. [com.- held), of former College of Doctors of Civil Law
WG, OE don cf. G tun, Aryan dhe-, dho-, put, f. in London (frequent literary allusions to pro-
cf. Gk tithemi, Li-dere in condere &c] bate, marriage-licence, divorce business once &
do 2 (doo), n. (slang). Swindle, imposture, hoax, [commons]
transacted there),
[f. prec] doctrinaire*, doctpinap'ian, nn. & aa.
do 3 n. (mus.). Key-note of scale (movable do);
, Pedantic theorist, person who applies principle
the note C (fixed do), [arbitrary] without allowance for circumstances hence ;

do 4 abbr. of ditto.
, doctPinaip*iSM(2), doetpinap*iamsM(2), nn.
doat. See dote. (Adj.) theoretic and unpractical, [-aire F (L
do'bbin, n. Draught or farm horse, [pet- doctrina doctrine, -ary l name of French poli- )

name = Robert] tical party 1815 -arian] ;

Doeetie, a., Doce'tist, Doce'tism, nn. doctpi'nal (also do'ktri-), a. Of, inculcating,
(Of, holder of) the heresy that Christ's body was doctrine(s). Hence doctpinalLV- adv. [f.
not human but phantasmal or of celestial sub- LL doctrinalis (foil., -al)]
 ;;; ;;

DOCTRINE 244 DOLE

do'ctpine, n. What is taught, body of in- let sleeping dd. lie, let well alone ; d. in the
struction ; religious, political, scientific, &c, manger, one who prevents others' enjoying
belief, dogma, or tenet (Monroe d., U.S. policy what is useless to him d. in a blanket, rolled ;

foreshadowed by President Monroe 1823 dis- currant dumpling or jam pudding. Dogberry,
countenancing European State interference in fruit of dogwood.or wild cornel d.-biscuit, for ;

America). Hence do'etpiniSM(l), do'etpin- feeding dd. d.-box, railway van for dd. dog-
; ;

ist(1), nn., do*ctpiniZE(2) v.i. [F, f. L doctrina cart, two- wheeled driving-cart with cross seats
(doctor 1 -ine ,
3
)] back to back d. -cheap, very d.-cbllar, lit., &
; ;

do'cument, Thing, esp. deed,

n., & v.t. fig. of person's straight high collar; d.-faced,
writing, or inscription, that furnishes evidence epithet of kind of baboon d.-fall, in which ;

{human d., description, incident, &c, illustrat- wrestlers touch ground together d. -fennel, ;

ing human nature) hence doeume'ntARY 1 ; Stinking Camomile d. -fish, kinds of small ;

a. (Vb) prove by, provide with, dd. or evidence shark & other fish; d.('s)-grass, Couch-grass;
so documentA "tion n. [OF, f. Itdocunientum d.-hole, -hutch, mean room ; d.-latin, incorrect,
(docere teach, -ment)] mongrel d.-lead, string &c. for leading d. ; d.-
;

do'ddep 1 , n. Ki nds ot slender leafless thread- leg(ged) staircase, going back forward with- &
like parasitic plant. [ME doder cf. G dotter] out well-hole ; d.-rose, wild hedge rose d.('s)- ;

do'ddep Tremble, nod, with frailty,

2 , v.i. ear n. &
v.t., corner of page turned down with
palsy, &c. (d.-grass, Quaking-grass) totter, ; use, fill (book) with these d.-shore, prop used ;

potter, be feeble. U] in launching ; d.-skin, leather of or imitating

do'ddeped, a. Having lost the top or d. 's-skin used for gloves d.-sleep, light fitful ; &
branches (of oaks & other trees), [prob. f. fre- ri.'s letter, r(f. snarling sound) d.'s-meat, horse- ;

quent, of obs. vb dod poll, lop] flesh, offal; d.'s-nose, beer gin; d.('s)-tail, &
dodee(a)-, pref. = twelve-, as dode'cagon, kind of grass; d.'s-tongue, plants of borage
plane figure of twelve sides, dodecahe'dron kind; d.'s-tooth, plant with speckled leaves &
{or -he-), solid figure of twelve faces, dodeca- flowers; d.-tired, tired out ; d.-tooth, small py-
sy 'liable, verse of twelve syllables, [f. Gk do- ramidal ornament esp. in Norman Early &
deka twelve] English architecture ; d.-violet, scentless kind :
dodge l , v.i. & t. (Intr. ) move to & fro, change d.-watch (Xaut.), short half watch of two hours
position, shuffle; move quickly round, about, (4-6, 6-8, p.m.); d.-whip, for keeping dd. in
or behind, obstacle so as to elude pursuer, blow, order. Hence do'ggiSH do'gLESS, do'g- 1
,

&c. play fast & loose, quibble, prevaricate (of

; ; like, aa.,do'ggy 1 or do'ggie [-y 3 do'g- ],
bell in chime) sound one place out of the normal hood, nn. [OE docga etym. dub.]
order. (Trans.) baffle by finesse, trifle with ; dog 1

t. Follow closely, pursue, track, (per-

2 , v.
elude (pursuer, opponent, blow) by sideward son, his steps of person or calamity &c.) ; grip,
;

deviation &c. ; move (thing) to & fro ask ; secure, [f. prec]
^person) questions in unexpected order. [?] dd'gate, n. Office of doge. [f. F dogat f. It-
dodge 2, n. Piece of dodging, quick side- dogato (foil., -ate 1 )]
movement; trick, artifice; (colloq.) clever ex- doge (-j), n. (hist). Chief magistrate of Ven-
pedient, mechanical &c. contrivance; sounding ice, Genoa. [F f. It., f. L ditcem nom. dux leader]
of bell out of normal place in chimes. Hence do'gged (-g-), a. Obstinate, tenacious, per-
do'dgY 2 a. [f. prec] sistent, unyielding, d. does it, persistency
(it 's
do'dgep, n. In vbl senses esp., artful or ; succeeds). Hence do'ggedLY 2 adv., do'g-
elusive person, [-er l ] gedxESS n. [-ed 2 ]
do'do, n. (pi. -oes, -os). Large extinct bird of do'ggep (-g-), n. Two-masted bluff-bowed
Mauritius, [f. Port, doudo simpleton] Dutch fishing-boat. [f. 14th c, etym. dub.]
doe (do), n. Female
of fallow deer (cf buck 2 ), . do'ggepel (-g-), a. & n. Trivial, mean, halt-
hare, or rabbit; doeskin, skin of d., leather of ing, or irregular, (verse). [?]
this, fine cloth resembling it. [OE dd perh. f. do'ggy 2 , a. (for doggy'1 see dog 1
). Of dogs;
L dama deer] devoted to dogs. Hence do'ggiNESS n. [-Y 2 ]
does, doest. See do *. do'gma, rarely -ta).
n. Principle,
(pi. -s,
doff, v.t. Take off (hat, clothing); (rarely) tenet, doctrinal system, esp. as laid down by
abandon, discard, (custom, condition), [-do off] authority of Church arrogant declaration of ;

dog" l n. Quadruped of many breeds wild &

, opinion. [L f. Gk (gen. -atos), i. dokeo seem, -M]
domesticated; hunting-dog (fig., dd. of war, dogma'tie (rarely -ical), a. Of dogma(s),
havoc, rapine) male of d., wolf (also d.-wolf),
; doctrinal based on a priori principles, not on
;

(fern, bitch), or fox (also d.-fox) worthless or ; induction (of person, book, &c.) authoritative,
;

surly person fellow (sly, lucky, jolly, d. sea-

; ; laying down the law, arrogant. Hence dog-
d.) (Astron.) Greater & Lesser D., constella-
; matics n., dogma'tiCALLY adv. [f. L f. Gk
tions, also Sirius or Procyon, chief star in either dogmatikos (prec, -ic)]
(also d.-star, usu. Sirius ; d.-days, hottest part do'gmatize, v.i. & t. Deal in positive un-
of year in July &
Aug., variously dated accord- supported assertions, speak authoritatively
ing to heliacal &
cosmical rising of Sirius) express (principle &c.) as a dogma. So do'g-
kinds of mechanical device for gripping &c. matiSM(l), do'gmatiST(l), nn. [f. F dogma-
(pi., also fire-dd.) pair of metal supports for tiser f. L f. Gk dogmatizo (dogma, -ize)]
burning wood, or for grate, or for fire-irons doi'ly, n. Small napkin placed below finger-
(also sea-d.) light near horizon portending glass, [fabric named from 17th-c. inventor]
storm sun-d., parhelion. Phrr. : go to the dd.,
; doit, n. Very small sum or coin merest trifle ;

be ruined ; throw to the dd., throw away, sacri- (esp. don't care a d.). [f. Du. duit etym. dub.]
fice not have w^ord 1 to throw at d. ; every d.
; doi'ted, a. (Sc. ). Crazed, esp. with age. [?]
has his day ; love me, love d., accept my my do'lce.far nie'nte (dawltsha), n. Pleasant
friends as yours ; rain cats dd. die like a & ; idleness. [It.]
d., a
d.'s death, miserably, shamefully; take do'ldpums, n. pi. Dullness, dumps, depres-
hair of d. that bit you, drink more to cure sion ; usu. in the d.) becalmed state;
(of ship,
effects of drink ; help lame d. over stile, be region of calms &
light baffling winds near
friend in need; lead, lead one, ad.'s life, be equator, [prob. formed on dull, cf. tantrums
worried, worry another; give d. ill name & the geog^-eense prob. due to mistake]
;

hang him, of power of nickname or slander dole *, n., & v.t. (Archaic) lot, destiny, (happy
 ;
,; ;

DOLE 245 DOMINO

man be his d., may he be happy); charitable (poet.); rounded vault as roof, with circular,
distribution charitable (esp. sparing, niggard-
; elliptical, or polygonal base, cupola ; natural
ly) gift of food, clothes, or money dolesman, ; vault, canopy, (of sky, trees, &c); rounded
-ivoman, recipient of d. vb) deal out sparingly, ;
( summit of hill &c. hence domED 2 do*mi- ; ,
esp. as alms. [OE ddl cogn. w. dxl deal l ] c(al), do'meLiKE, do'mv 2 aa. (Vb) cover ,

dole 2 , n. (poet. ). Grief, woe ; lamentation, with, shape as, d. [F, f. It. duomo cathedral,
[revived obs. wd, f. OF doel (now deuil mourn- dome, (& direct) L domiis house] f.
ing) f. LL dolium grief cf. L dolor] Do-mesday (Book) (doomz-), n. Record of
do'leful, a. Dreary, dismal sad, discon- ; Will. I's Great Inquisition of lands of England
tented, melancholy. Hence do'lefuIly 2 adv. made 1086. [ME, = 1
sday, pop. doom name given
do'lefulNESS n. [prec, -ful] to the book as
final authority]
dd'liehoeepha'lie (-ko-), a. Long-headed dome'stic, &
n. Of the home, household,
a.
(of skull with breadth less than | of length or ; or family affairs ; of one's own country, not
of person or race with such skull), [f. Gk doli- foreign native, home-made ; (of animals) tame,
;

khos long -cephalic]

4- kept by or living with man home-keeping, ;

doll, n. Toy baby, puppet; pretty silly woman fond of home; hence dome'stic ally adv. (N.)
(so d.'sface). Hence do'lliSH 1 a., do'llishLY 2 household servant, [f. F domestigue f. L domes-
adv., do'llishNESS n. [short for Dorothy] ticus (domus home)]
do'llap, n. (Orig. English name for German ) domesticate, v.t. Naturalize (colonists,
thaler, also for Spanish piece of eight unit of ; animals); make fond of home (esp. in p.p.);
U.S. gold & silver coinage = 100 cents, about bring (animals) under human control, tame
is. l£d. (the almighty d., money, mammon) cor- ; civilize (savages). So dome'sticABLE a.,
responding coin in Canada &c. (slang) five- ; domestic a tion n. [f. med.L domesticare
shilling piece, crown, [earlier & Du. daler-Q (prec, -ate 3
)]
taler, f. Joachimstaler gulden from silver mine domesti'city (or do-), n. Domestic charac-
of the Joachiins(£a£ valley)] ter home life or privacy homeliness i the dd.,
; ;

do'llop, n. (colloq.). Clumsy or shapeless domestic affairs domesticated ; state, [-ity]

lump of food &c. [?] do'mett, n. Fabric of wool & cotton used
do'lly, n. (Pet-name, esp. in voc, for) doll for shrouds &c. [?]
kinds of appliance in clothes-washing, ore- do-mielle (or -H), n., & v.t. i. Dwelling- &
washing, pile-driving, iron-punching, polish- place, home ; (Law) place of permanent resi-
ing, &c. d.-shop, marine store.
; [-Y 3 ] dence, fact of residing place at which bill of ;

Do'lly Vap'den, n. Kinds of woman's hat exchange is made payable (v.t., make payable
& dress, [character in Barnaby Rudge] at a place). (Vb, also domiei'liATE 3 estab- )

do'lman, n. Long Turkish robe open in lish, settle (t. & L), in a place so domiciliA*- ;

front hussar's jacket worn with sleeves hang-

; tion n. [F, f. L domicilium f. domus home]
ing loose woman's mantle with flaps for
; domierliapy, a. Of a dwelling-place (d.
sleeves, [ult. f. Turk, dolaman] visit, of officials to search or inspect private
do'lmen, n. (F name for) cromlech. [F, house), prec, -ary 1 ]
[as
perh. f. Cornish (doll hole, men stone)] do'minant, a. & n. Ruling, prevailing, most
do'lomite, n. Kind of rock (double carbon- influential (of heights) outstanding, overlook-
;

ate of lime &

The Dd., mountains
magnesia) ; ing others (Mus.) fifth note of scale of any key
;

of this, esp. those in Tyrol. Hence dolomi'tic (adj., of this, as d. chord, seventh, &c). Hence
a. [Dolomieu, French geologist 1794, -ite l ] do'min ance n. do'minantLY 2 adv. [F, f L , .

dd'lopous, a. (usu. poet, or facet.). Dis- dominari see foil., -ant]

tressing, painful dismal, doleful distressed.
; ; do'minate, v.t. & i. Have commanding in-
Hence do'loPOUSLY 2 adv. [OF f. LL doloro- fluence over (also intr. with over) be the most ;

sus (dolour, -ous)] influential or conspicuous (of person, power,

dolo'se, a. (legal). Having criminal intent sound, feature of scene) (of heights) overlook, ;

intentionally deceitful, [f. L dolosus (dolus hold commanding position over. [f. L dominari
guile, -ose 1 )] (dominus lord), -ate 3
]
do*loup,n. (poet.). Sorrow distress. [OF. f. domination, n. Ascendancy, sway, control;
L dolorem nom. -o/*] angelic powers of fourth rank (cherub). (pi.)
do'lphin, n. Cetaceous mammal resembling [F, f. L dominationem (prec, -ation)]
porpoise, but with beak-like snout (pop. the domineer*, v.i. Act imperiously, tyrannize,
; )

fish dorado, which changes to many colours in be overbearing. Hence domineep'ingLY 2

dying curved fish in heraldry, sculpture, &c.
; adv. [f. Du. (-neren) f. F dominer dominate]
kinds of esp. naut. appliance, [earlier delphin domrnieal, a. Of the Lord (Christ d. year, ;

f. L delphinus f. Gk aelphis -inos] date A. D.) of the Lord's day, Sunday-, (d. letter,
;

dolt, n. Dull fellow, blockhead. Hence the one of the seven A-G denoting Sundays in
do'ltiSH 1 a., do'ltishNESS n. [perh. =dtdled] any year), [f. med.L dominicalis f. L domini-
Dom, tjtle prefixed to names of R.-O. digni- cus (dominus lord, -ic) + -al]
taries, esp. Benedictine & Carthusian monks, Domi'nican, a. & n. Of St Dominic or his
[abbr. of L dominus lord] order of preaching friars (n. Black or D. friar, ; )

-dom, forming nouns expressing rank,

suf. [f. eccl.L Dominicanus f. Dominicvis L name of
condition, domain, f. nn. or adjj. (earldom, Domingo de Guzman + -an]
freedom, kingdom), & (f. nouns) used collective- do'minie, n. (Sc). Schoolmaster. [=domine
ly for the pi. or=the ways of (officialdom). [OE sir voc. of L dominus lord]
dom cf. G
of do l, -m as in seam).
-turn (st. domi'nion, n. Lordship, sovereignty, con-
domai'n, Estate, lands, dominions dis-
n. ; trol domains of feudal lord, territory of sove-
;

trict under rule, realm, sphere of influence reign or government (D. of Canada, name
scope, field, province, of thought or action given to Canadian colonies united 1867 D. of ;

(Internat. & U.S. law) Eminent D., lordship of New Zealand, title given 1907) (Law) right of ;

sovereign power over all property in State, Eossession. [OF, f. LL dominionem nom. -o f.
with right of expropriation. So doma'niAL dominium (dominus lord)]
i

a. [f. F domaine f. L dominicum neut. adj. dd'mino, n. (pi. -oes). Loose cloak with half
(dominus lord, -ic)] mask worn to conceal identity esp. at masquer-
dome, n., & v.t. Stately building, mansion, ade, whence do'minoED 2 a. person wearing ;
 ;; ;;
;

DON 246 DOT

this one of 28 small brick-shaped pieces marked
; noise; black dung-beetle, cockchafer, rose-
with pips used in game of dd. [F, prob. f. L beetle, &c. [OE dora etym. dub.]
dominus lord, but unexplained] dopa'do (-ah-), n. Splendidly coloured sea-
don \ n. Spanish title prefixed to Christian dolphin.
fish, [Sp., f. L T>E(auratus gilt f.
name (D. Juan, rake, libertine; D. Quixote)'; aurum gold, -ate 2 )]
Spanish gentleman, Spaniard distinguished ; Dop'eas (-as), n. Meeting of ladies to make
person adept at something head, fellow, or
; ; clothes for the poor. [A cts ix. 36]
tutor, of college,whence do'nniSH a., do*n- Dop'ian, a. & n. (Inhabitant) of Doris, dis-
l

nishNESS n. [Sp., f. L dominus lord] trict of ancient Greece (member) of one of ;

don 2 v.t. Put on (garment), [-do on]

, three divisions (Aeolian, Ionian, D.) of ancient
do'na(h), n. (slang). Woman sweetheart. Greeks (D. mode, of simple & solemn character),
;

if. Sp. dona or Port, dona f. L domina lady] [f. L f. Gk Dorios (Doris as above) + -an]
dona'tion, n. Bestowal, presenting thing Do'pie, a. & n. =prec. adj. D. order (also ; ;

presented, to institu-
gift, (esp. of money given D. as n.) (of dialect) broad, rustic (n.) dialect
; ;

tion). [F, f. L donationem (donai'e give, -atjon)]
do'native (or do-), a. n. (Benefice) given
directly, not involving presentation to or in-
vestment by the Ordinary gift, present, esp.
official largess, [f. L donativus adj. (donai'e
give, -ive)]
dd'natopy, n. Recipient of donation, [f.
med.L donatorius (donare give, -orv)J
of ancient Greece (cf. A (tie, Ionic, A eolic), rustic-
& English, [f. L f. Gk Dorikos (prec, -ic)]
Dop'king-, a. n. (Fowl) of the D. breed. &
;
[Dorking in Surrey]
dop'mant, a. Lying inactive as in sleep (of
some animals through winter, undeveloped
buds, potential faculties); (Herald., of beast)
with head on paws not acting, in abeyance, ;

done (dun), p.p of do 1 D. brown, duped, . (often lie d. ; d. warrant &c, drawn in blank
swindled up, tired.
; d. d. partner, sleeping). Hence dop'mANCY n.
donee*, Recipient of gift, fas donor, -ee]
n. [OF (dornxir f. L dormire sleep, -ant)]
do'nga (-ngga), n. Gully, ravine. [S.-Afr.] dop'mep, n. (Also d.-window) projecting up-
dd'njon (also du-), n. Great tower of castle, right window in sloping roof. [f. OF dormcov
keep, [archaic spelling of dungeon] f.L dormitorium (prec, -ory)]
dcnkey, n. (pi. -eys). (Usual word
for) ass dopmeu'se (-erz), n. Travelling-carriage for
stupid person ; d.-engine, small steam-engine sleeping in kind of couch. [F, fern, of
; dormeur
usu. for minor operations on ship. [perh. f. sleeper (dormant, -or 2 )]
dun with double
1 dim. ending] dop'mitopy, n. Sleeping-room with several
do'nor, n. Giver, [f. OF doneur f. L dona- beds & sometimes cubicles, [f. L (dormer)]
torem (donare give, -OR 2 )] dop'mouse, n. (pi. -mice). Small hibernating
don't l. See do l . rodent between mouse and squirrel, [perh. f.
don't", n. (facet.). Prohibition, [use of prec] st. F dormir (dormant) + mouse]
oi
doo'lie, -y, n. Simple form of Indian litter dop'my, a. (golf). As many holes ahead as
used as army ambulance, [f. Hind, doli (Skr. there are holes to play (d. one, five, &c). [?]
dul- to swing)] dop'sal, a. (Anat., Zool., Bbt.) of, on, near,
doom 1
, n. (Hist.) Statute, law, decree ; (ar- the back ridge-shaped. Hence dop'salLY -
;

chaic) decision, sentence, condemnation ; fate, adv. [f. med.L dorsalis (foil., -al)]
destiny, (usu. evil) ruin, death the Last Judg-
; ; dops(o)-, comb, form = back-&-, as in dors-
ment (now only in crack, day, o/d., in dooms- & abdominal of back &L\>e\\y ,dorso-lateral of back
day ; till doomsday, for ever ; cf. domesday). & sides. [L dorsum back, -o-]
[com.-Teut.; OE dom f. OTeut. (don do 1 )] dop^yijii. (Also JohnD.) sea-fish used as food,
doom 2
, v.t. Pronounce sentence against, [f. F doree fern. p.p. of dorer gild, as dorado]
condemn to some fate, to do consign to mis- ; dop'y 2 , n. Flat-bottomed skiff, esp. fishing-
fortune or destruction (esp. in p.p.); (archaic) vessel's boat in U.S. [?]
decree (doomed his death), [f. prec] do'sage (-sij n Giving of medicine in doses),

doOP (dor), n. Hinged or sliding barrier usu. size of dose, [-age]

of wood or metal for closing entrance to build- dose & v.t. Amount of medicine to
(-s), n.,
ing, room, safe, &c. (front d., chief d. from be taken at once (also fig. of flattery, punish-
house to street &c. ; lives &c. next d., in next ment, &c) (vb) give physic to (person), adul-
;

house or room ; so three dd. off &c. : next d. to terate, blend, (esp. wine with spirit), [vbf. noun,
fig., nearly, almost, near to ; so at death's d. ; F, f. med.L f. Gk dosis (didomi give)]
entrance, access, exit, (shoio one the d., expel doss, n., & v.i., (slang). Bed in d. -house or
him ; open a d. to, close the d. upon, make common lodging-house. Vb) sleep in this hence ( ;

possible, impossible) out of dd., abroad, in the

; do'ssER n. [perh. f. F dos f. L dorsum back]
1

open air ; within dd., in the house ; lay, lie, at dossal, n. Hanging behind altar or round
the d. of, impute, be imputable, to ; darken d. ; chancel, [f. med.L dossale(h doi'sum back, -al)]
d.-bell, inside bell worked by handle outside d. do'ssiep (or -sya), n. Set of documents, esp.
d.-case, -frame, structure in which d. is fitted ; record of person's antecedents. [F, = bundle of
d.-keeper, porter ; d.-mat, for rubbing off mud papers (as doss, from bulging shape)]
from boots; d.-money, taken at d. of place of dost. See do l .

entertainment; d.-nail, with which dd. used dot a ,n. Small spot, speck, roundish pen-mark
to be studded (dead, deaf, Sec, as a d.-n.) d.- ; (Orthogr.) period, point over i ovj, point used as
plate, usu. of brass bearing occupant's name ; diacritical mark; (Mus. writing) pointused with
d.-posts, uprights of d.-case d.-step, leading up ; various meanings small child, tiny object; d.- ;

to usu. outer d. ; d. -stone, slab in front of d. ; &-dash, using dd. & dashes, as in Morse tele-
d.-way, opening filled by d. Hence (-)dooPED 2
, graphy d.-wheel, used for making dotted line.
;

doop'LESS, aa. [OE duru cf. G thiire, also Gk [OE dott head of boil cf. OHG tutto nipple]
thura, L fores j dot 2, v.t. Mark with dot(s) place d. over ;
dope, n., & v.t. Thick liquid used as food or (letter i <£* cross the is, fill in details,
; d. the is
lubricant ; (slang) narcotic, stupefying drink ;
make meaning quite clear) (Mus.) dotted ;
(vb, Slang) administer d. to, drug. [f. Du. doop crotchet &c, with time value increased by half
sauce (doopen to dip)] diversify as with dd. (sea dotted with ships) ;

doppet-gtinger. See double ^-ganger-. scatter (about, all over) like dd. d. carry ; &
dor, n. Insect flying with loud humming (one), child's formula for remembering to carry
 ;;; ;;

DOTARD 217 DOUKHOBORS

in addition sum; d. go one n., a., & & adv., much as; (Mus.) add same note in higher or
limp, limping(ly). [f. prec] lower octave to ; (of actor) d. part(s), play two
do'tard, n. One in his dotage, [foil., -ard] in same piece ;
(Mil.) move ind. time, run ; put
dote, doat, v.i. Be silly, deranged, infatuat- (passenger &c.) in same quarters with another
ed, or feeble-minded, esp. from age, whence (also d. up) bend, turn, (paper, cloth) over
;

do*tAGE(2) n. ; concentrate one's affections, be- upon itself (often ^lp) d. up, bend one's body ;

stow excessive fondness, ( up)on. Hence do't- into stooping or curled-up position, cause (an-
ingLY 2 adv. [cf. MDu. doten, OF redoter] other) to do this by blow, (of paper, leaf, &c.)
doth. See do K becomefolded; clench (fist); (Billiards) rebound,
do'tt(e)rel, n. Kind of plover, [dote + -rel, make to rebound (Naut.) get round (headland);
;

named from the ease with which it is caught]
do'ttle, -tel, n. Plug of tobacco left un-
smoked in pipe, [dot 1 -le]
do'tty, a. Dotted about, sporadic, marked
with dots (colloq.) shaky of gait (d. on h is legs),
;
feeble-minded, half idiotic, [dot i + -Y 2 ]
clouane (doo'ahn), n. Foreign custom-house.
[F, f. Arab, diicati divan]
dou'ble 1 (du-), a. adv. 1. Adj. consisting of &
two members, things, layers, &c, forming a.
pair, twofold folded, bent, stooping much
; light attire without cloak) one of a pair, esp.
turn sharply in flight, pursue tortuous course,
[f. OF doubter f. L duplare (duplus double !)']
, double entendre (F), n. Ambiguous ex-
pression, phrase with two meanings, one usu.
indecent ; use of such phrases, [from 1673 ; obs.
F (now d. entente, which is often needlessly
substituted in E for the established d. entendre)]
dou'blet (du-), n. (Hist.) close-fitting body-
: garment worn by men with or without sleeves
& short skirts (d. &hose, masculine attire, also
;

with some partd. (d. axe, with two edges, eagle, one of two words of same derivation but differ-
with two heads) ; (of flowers) with petals mul- ent sense (fashion Refaction) (pi.) same num- ;

tiplied by conversion of stamens &c. ; having ber on two dice thrown at once two birds killed ;

twofold relation, dual, ambiguous (d. meaning with double-barrel (Microscope &c.) combina- ;

= double entendre) twice as much or many ;

tion of two simple lenses. [F (double \ -et)]
(of, or, with prep, omitted, seeming to govern doubloo'n (du-), n. Spanish gold coin, double
following wd) ; of twofold or extra size, strength, pistole (formerly 33-36s., now slightly over £1).
value, &c. (d. ale, d. florin)', (Mus.) lower in pitch [f. F doublon or Sp. *doblon (double 1 -oon)] ,

by an octave (d. bassoon &c); (Mil. ) d. time (also doublure (F), n. Ornamental usu. leather
formerly, & still in general use, d.-quick time), lining inside book-cover.
regulation running pace deceitful, hypocriti- ; doubt 1 (dowt), n. Feeling of uncertainty,
cal d. entry d. first, (person who has taken)
; ;
undecided frame of mind, inclination to disbe-
first-class University honours in two subjects lieve, hesitation ; uncertain state of things,
d. star, two stars so close as to seem one, esp. want of full proof (give one the benefit of the d.,
when forming connected pair work d. tides ; ; assume his innocence rather than guiit) or of
hencedou*bleNESsn.,dou*bLY 2 adv. 2. Adv.: clear signs of the future ; make no d., feel sure
to twice the amount &c. (d. as bright; see d., no d., certainly, admittedly; without d., cer-
two things when there is only one, esp. of tainly, [f. OF
doute f. douter doubt 2]
drunken man) two together {ride d., two on
; doubt 2 (dowt), v.i. & t. Feel uncertain ;

horse; sleep d., two in bed). 3. Double-, a. or waver be undecided about, hesitate to believe
;.

adv., is freely used in new or obvious com- or trust, call in question, (person, fact expressed
pounds, as well as in the f olio wing d. -acting, : by noun or by clause with whether, if, or, in
in two ways, directions. &c, esp. of engine in negative or interrog. sentences, that, but, but
which steam acts on both sides of piston d.- ; that I d. whether, I don't d. that, can you d.
;

barrel, = d. -barrelled, or d. -barrelled gun; d.- that, he will win) (archaic dial.) be afraid,
; &
barrelled, with two barrels (also fig. = ambigu- rather think, suspect, that (2" d. we are late).
ous, of compliment &c. ; & of compound sur- [f. OF douter f. L
dubitare (dubius dubious) ;

name) d.-bass, deepest-toned instrument of

;
-6- inserted f. the L as correction]
violin kind d.-bedded, with two beds or double
; dou'btful, a. Of uncertain meaning, charac-
bed ;'d.-bitt v.t. (naut.), pass (cable) twice round ter, truth, or issue, undecided, ambiguous,
bitts or round two pairs of bitts d.-breasted of ; questionable, (d. syllable, letter, that can be
coat or waistcoat, made to button on either side; either long or short) unsettled in opinion, un- ;

d.-dealer, -ling n. & a., deceiver, deceit(ful) certain, hesitating. Hence dou*btfulLY 2 adv.,
d.-dyed usu. fig., deeply stained with guilt dou'btfulNESS n. [ful]
(d.-d. scoundrel); d. -edged, with two cutting dou'btless, adv. Certainly, no doubt, I ad-
edges, (of argument, sarcasm, &c.) telling a- mit, (usu. concess., cf. undoubtedly), [-less]
gainst as well as for one; d.-faced, insincere; douce (doos), a. (Sc). Sober, gentle, sedate.
d.-gdnger (-ng-), wraith [L G doppel-ganger [ME,f. OF doxix fern, douce f. L dxdeis sweet]
double-goer] d. -leaded (-led-), of printed matter
; douceur (dooserT), n. Gratuity bribe. [F] ;

with wide spaces between lines to draw atten- douche (doosh), n., & v.t. & Jet of water i.

tion ; d. -lock v. t. turn key of (some locks) twice

, applied to body externally or internally as form
d.-quick, (see d. time above; also) adv., very of bathing or for medicinal purpose (vb) ad- ;

quickly; d. -reef v.t. (naut.), contract spread of minister d. to, take d. [F, f. It. doccia pipe ult.
(sail) by two reefs ; d.-refine, refine twice over. f. L ductus conduit (ducere lead)]
[OF, f. L duplus (duo two, -plus f. pie- fill)] dough (do), n. Kneaded flour, bread-paste ;

dou'ble 2, n. D. quantity, twice as much or soft pasty mass d.-boy, boiled flour dumpling
;

many or quits, game, throw, toss, deciding

(d. doughnitt, cake made of d. sweetened &c. &
whether person shall pay twice his loss or debt fried. Hence dough* y 2 a., dough'iNESS n.
or nothing) counterpart of thing or person
; ;
[com.-Teut. ;OE dah cf. G teig, also Skr. dih-
wraith (Mil.) at the d., running score (short
; ; besmear, L fig- shape, Gk teikhos wall]
whist) of five to less than three, (long whist) of dough 'ty (dow-), a. (archaic or facet.). "Vali-
ten to nothing, (stake being doubled) (Lawn- ; ant, stout, formidable. Hence dough 'tiLY a
tennis &c.)game between two pairs^ Guernsey adv., dough'tiNESS n. [OE dohtig var. of
copper coin, Id. ; sharp turn of hunted animal, dyhtig (cf. dugan be^trong, & G tiichtig)]
or of river, [f. prec. foil.] & Dou'khobops (doo-), n. pi. Religious sect,
dou'ble 3 (du-), v.t. & i. Make d., increase or with some likeness in doctrines to Quakers, of
multiply (t & i.) by two ; amount to twice as which large numbers migrated from Russia to
 ;;
, ;;;

DOUM 248 DOYLEY

Canada after persecutions for refusing military lower place (blinds were d. ; is not d. yet, i. e.
service, [f. Russ. = spirit-fighters] out of his bedroom) not up in capital or uni-
;

doum (dowm, doom), n. (Also d.-palm) Egyp- versity ; in fallen posture, prostrate, at low
tian palm-tree. [f. Arab, claum, dian] level, in depression, humiliation, &c, (hitman
doup (-oor), a. (Sc.). Severe, stern, obstinate. ivho is d. ; many
d. with fever ; sun, tide, are
Hence doup'LY 2 adv., doup'NESS n. [prob. d.;down in the mouth or d. or d.-hearted, di-
f. L durus hard] spirited ; bread is d., cheaper). 3. (Order, time,
douse (-ows), dowse, v.t, (Naut.) lower quality) : inclusively of lower limit in series
(sail), close (port-hole) extinguish (light ; ; d. the (from King d. to cobble}') from earlier to later ;

glim slang, put out the light) ; throw water time (custom handed d.); to finer consistency
over, drench. [?] (boil, grind, wear, thin, d.) ; into quiescence
dove (duv), n. Kinds of pigeon (cushat, (calm d.). L (Phrases) : be d. on, pounce upon,
ground, ring, rock, stock, turtle, wood, -d.) ;
treat severely ; d. to the ground, completely
the Holy Spirit; type of gentleness or inno- d. at heel ; d. on one's luck. [OE dune for
cence (so d.-eyed) ; messenger of good news or adune adown]
peace (Gen. viii) ; darling (esp. my d.) ; d.- down 4 prep.
, Downwards along, through,
colour(ed), warm grey; (of) kinds of d.'s-foot, or into from top to bottom of at a lower part
; ;

crane's-bill d.-hawk, hen-harrier (from its col-

; of (situated d. the Thames) up d., to fro ; & &
our) d.-cot(e), pigeon-house (flutter the d.-cc,
; along d. town, into the to wn from higher part
;

alarm quiet people). Hence do'veLiKE a. [cf. d. the wind, with it (let go d. the w., abandon,
G taube perh. cogn. w. OE dufan dive] discard), [f. prec]
do'vetail,
;

n., & v.t. & i. Tenon shaped like down 5 a. (not compared).
, Directed down-
dove's spread tail or reversed wedge, fitting wards leap, look ; d. grade, descending slope
(d.
into corresponding mortise & forming joint in railroad, fig. deterioration) d. train, going, ;

such a joint. (Vb) put together with dd. (fig.) ;

coming, from London, d. platjorm, for such
fit together (t. & i.) compactly, [from 16th c.J train's departure or arrival, [f. down 3 ]
dow. See d(h)ow. down 6 v.t. (colloq.). Put, throw, knock, (usu.
,

dowagep, n. Woman with title or property person) d. [f. down 3 ]

derived from her late husband (often in comb, down",n. Reverse of fortune (usu. ups&dd.);
as Queen-d., d.-duchess). OF douagere [f. f. (Dominoes) = pose 1 have a d. on, dislike, tend ;

douage dower, -er'2 (2)] to be d. upon, (colloq. ). [f . down 3 ]

dowdy, n. & a. (Woman) shabbily, badly, downcast n. (Also d.-shaft) shaft for in-
*,

or unfashionably dressed; (of dress &c.) un- troducing fresh airinto mine, [down 3 + cast2 ]
attractive, unfashionable. Hence dowdiLY 2 downcast 2 a. (Of looks) directed down- ,

adv.,dowdixESS, dowdyis>i(2), nn., dow- wards ; dejected.

dyiSH a. [f. obs. doivd slut, etym. dub.]
J downfall, n. Great fall of rain &c. ; fall from
dowel, n. & v. t. Headless pin of wood, metal,
, prosperity, ruin.
&c, for keeping two pieces of wood, stone, &c downhill, n., adj., & adv. (N., downhil)
in their relative position (vb) fasten with d. ; downward slope, decline, (d. of life, later half);
G dobel plug, OF doelle barrel-stave]
[cf. (adj., dow-) sloping down, declining ; (adv., -I'l)
dower, n., & v.t. AVidow's share for life of in descending direction, on a decline.
husband's estate property or money brought : Downing stpeet, n. Street in London con-
by wife to husband, dowry endowment, gift ; taining some government offices, (home of) the
of nature, talent. Hence dowePLESSa. (Vb) Government of the day (does not find favour in
give dowry to ; endow with talent &c. [vb f. n. D. s. D. s. disapproves).
;

OF douuire f. LL dotarium (L dos dotis, -ary 1 )] downpour, n. Heavy fall of rain &c.
dowlas, n. Kind of strong calico. [Doulas downright (downri't if placed late), a. &
in Brittany] adv. (Archaic) vertical plain, definite, straight- ;

down l n.
, Open high land, esp. (pi.) treeless forward, blunt, whence downpigh'tNESS n.
undulating chalk uplands of S. England used not short of, out-&-out, (a d. lie, atheist d. non- ;

for pasture ; = dune ; The Dd., part of sea (op- sense) (adv.) thoroughly, positively, quite, (d.
;

posite North Dd.) within Goodwin Sands. [OE scared, insolent), [down 3 + right a. & adv.]
dun hill cf. ODu. duna whence F dune] downstaip's, adv., downstaip(s), a.
down 2 , covering of young birds
n. First ;
Down the stairs ; to, on, of,a lower floor.
bird's under plumage, \ised in cushions &c. fine ; downthrow, n.(geol). Depression of strata
short hair, esp. first hair on face, also on fruit on one side of
fault.
&c; fluffy substance, [f. OX dun, cf. G claune] downtrodden, a. Oppressed, kept under.
down 3 adv. (superl., a. or adv., downmost).
, downwapd,a.&adv., downwards, adv.
1. (Motion) from above, tolower place, to ground
: (Moving, pointing, leading) towards what is
(come d., from bedroom; knock, fall, d.; sun, lower, inferior, or later. [OE adunweard
ship, goes d., sets, sinks food goes d., is swal- ;
(DOWN 3 -WARD)] ,

lowed get d., swallow, alight; booA; &c. goes

; downy \ a. Like, downs, [down *, -y 2] of,
d., finds acceptance get, set, d., from carriage ; downy 2 covered with, soft as,
, a. Of, like,
&c; b?'onght d. by river; money d., pay d., at down (slang) wide awake, knowing. Hence
;

once, as though on counter; write, set, put, take. do wniLY adv. downiNESS n. [down 2 - y 2]
2 , ,

Sec, d., on to paper so Bill d. for second read- ; dowp*y,n. Portion woman brings to her hus-
ing today) to place regarded as lower, into
; band ; talent, natural gift. [f. OF as dower]
helpless position, with current or wind, south- dowse, v. i. Use divining (or doivsing) rod to
wards,from capital or university, (Lord's amend- find water-supply or mineral veins. [?]
ments sent d. to Commons bear or beat d., sail ; doxo'logy, n. Liturgical formula of praise
to leeward run, ride, hunt, d., bring to bay
; to God, as Glory be to the Father &c. [f. med.
shout, hiss, d., silence d. to Norfolk from Scot- ; L f. Gk doxologia (doxa glory, -logy)]
land, to Scotland or the country from London ;
do'xy , n. Beggar's wench paramour. [?]
1
;

go d., for vacation or at end of university life ; do'xy 2 n. Opinion,, esp. on theology, [facet,
,

send d., university punishment up d., to & ; & use of end of orthodoxy, heterodoxy]
fro) (ellipt. for imperat. of) lie, get, put, &c, d.
; doyen (F), n. Senior member of a body, esp.
(d., Ponto! d. helm, put the helm d.; & with
; senior ambassador at a court. [F, f L as dean a ] .

with, d. with tlie aristocrats!). 2. (Station): in doyley. See doily.

 ;; ;

DOZE 249 DRAMATIST

doze, v.L, & n. Sleep drowsily, be half asleep ; dpa'g-gle, v.t. & i. Make wet, limp, & dirty,
d. off, fall lightly asleep ; (n.) short slumber, by trailing; hang trailing lag, straggle in rear;
;

[cf. Da. dose make drowsy] d.-tail(ed), (woman) with draggled or untidily-
do'zen dozen, used adjectivally
(du-), n. (PI. trailing skirts,[prob. f. drag » + -le(3)J
or as noun, when with numeral or equivalent dpa'g-oman, n. (pi. -ans, -en). Interpreter, esp.
except some) twelve, as a, three, several, how in Arabic, Turkish, or Persian. [F, f. OArab.
many, d. Jigs or of the best Jigs, of these, but targuman,cf. targum]
some dd. of people, cf. some (about a) d. (of) dra'gon, n. Mythical monster like crocodile
people, dd. of (= many) times; (pi. dozens) set or snake with wings claws often breathing & &
of twelve, as pack them in dd. baker's, devil's, ; fire (with allusion to legends) guardian of trea-
;

long, printer's, d., thirteen talk nineteen to ; sure &c or of female chastity, watchful person,
the d., incessantly, [f. OF dozeine (L duodecim duenna; (bibl.) whale or shark, serpent, croco-
twelve)] dile, jackal the old D., Satan ; kinds of lizard ;

drab l , n., & v.i. Slut, slattern prostitute ; ;

& pigeon d.-Jly, neuropterous insect with long
;

(vb) whore, [cf. Irish drabog, Gael, drabag] slender body &
two pairs of large wings d.'s- ;

drab 2 , a. & n. (Of) dull light brown colour ;

blood, bright red gum exuding from kind of
dull,monotonous monotony, [prob. f. obs. & palm fruit. [F, f. L draconem nom. -o f. Gk
;

F drap cloth] drakon serpent perh. f. derkomai see, st. drak-]

dra'bbet, n. Drab twilled linen used for dragonna'de, n., & v.t. (PI.) persecutions
smock-frocks. [preCj-ET 1 of Protestants under Louis XIV by quartering
]
dra'bble, v.i. & t. Go splashing through, dragoons on them persecution carried on by ;

make dirty and wet with water or mud. [= means of troops (vb) persecute thus. [F (dra- ;

EFris. drabbeln paddle] gon DRAGOON, -ADE)]

drachm (-am), n. Ancient Greek silver coin, dpag-oo'n, n., & v.t. Cavalry-man (orig.
drachma, (9^d.) (Apoth. wt) 60 grains, ^ oz. mounted infantry-man armed with carbine
;

(Avoird.) 27i grains, 1/ 16 oz.; small quantity, [f. called d. ; now of certain cavalry regiments
F drachme L as f. foil.] that were formerly mounted infantry) rough ;

dra'ehma (-k-), Ancient n. (pi. -mas, -mae). fierce fellow; kind of pigeon (also dragon); (vb)
Greek coin (see prec); modern Greek franc. set dd. upon, persecute (see prec), force into a
[L, f. Gk drakhme (drassomai grasp)] course by persecution, [f. F dragon carbine,
Dpaco'nian, Draeo'nie, a. (Of laws) rigor- so named as breathing fire (dragon)]
ous, harsh, cruel. [Drakon Athenian legislator dpail, n. Fish-hook & line weighted with
621 B. c. + -IAN, -ic] lead for dragging atdepth through water, [perh.
draff, n. Dregs, lees hog's- wash refuse of ; ; a mixture of draw, trail]
malt after brewing, [from 1205 ME, MDu., ; dpain \ v.t. & i. Draw (liquid) off or away by
Icel., Sw., draf, cf. G trdber husks] conduit, d.-pipes, &c. (also fig., d. the wealth of
draft 1 , n. (Selection of) detachment of men England) drink (liquid), empty
; (vessel), to the
from larger body for special duty, contingent, dregs dry (land &c)by withdrawing moisture
; ;

reinforcement drawing of money by written ; (of river) carry off superfluous water of (dis-
order {make a d. on fund &c, also fig. on per- trict), deprive (person, thing) of property,
son's confidence, friendship, &c), bill or cheque strength, &c trickle through, flow o^or away
;
;

drawn, esp. by one branch of bank on another; (of wet cloth, vessel, &c) get rid of moisture by
sketch of work to be executed rough copy of ; its flowing away [set it there to d. ). [OE dr&ah-
document; (Masonry) chisel-dressing along nian cogn. w. dry]
margin of stone's surface, [var. of draught *] drain 2, n. Channel carrying off liquid, arti-
draft 2, v. t. Draw ofF(part of larger body, esp. ficial conduit for water, sewage, &c, (Surg.)
of troops) for special purpose prepare, make ;
tube for drawing off discharge from abscess
rough copy (document, esp. Parliamentary
of, &c constant outlet, withdrawal, demand, or
;

Bill), whence dra'ftER 1 n.; (Masonry) cut d. expenditure (a great d. on my resources); (slang)
on (stone), [f. prec] small draught, drink, [f. prec]
draftsman, n. One who makes drawings drai'nagre (-ij), n. Draining system of drains, ;

or designs ; one who drafts documents or Par- artificial or natural d.-basin, district drained ;

liamentary [= DRAUGHTSMAN]
Bills. by river what is drained off, sewage, [-age]
;

drag" 1
, v.t. i. &
Pull along with force, diffi- drai'ner, n. In vbl senses esp., vessel in ;

culty, or friction allow (feet, tail, &c.) to trail;

; which things are put to drain, [-er ] ]
ship drags her anchor, anchor drags, anchor drake \ n. Kinds of ephemeral fly used in
fails to hold d. in, introduce (subject) needless-
; fishing (green d., common day-fly). [OE draca
ly (also d. in by the head shoulders) (Mus.) & ; f. L draco dragon]
go too slowly, be wanting in life trail, go ; drake 2 n. Male duck (play ducks & dd.).
,

heavily; d. on, continue (t. & i.) tediously ; d. [cf. G dial, draak, perh. seen in G enterich earlier
out, protract use grapnel or d. (often/or drown-
; endtrich, of which end- is perh. = ente duck]
ed person or lost object), dredge, search bottom dram, n. A weight (see drachm) small ;

of, (river &c.) with grapnels, nets, &c; harrow draught of spirit &c (d.-drinker, -ing, tippler,
(land) apply d. to (wheel, vehicle) ; (colloq.) d.
; -ing d.-shop, public-house), [for drachm]
;

up (child), rear roughly, [perh. var. of draw] dra'ma (-ah-), n. Stage-play the d., the dra- ;

drag 2 , n. Heavy harrow; rough sledge four- matic art, composition & ; presentation of plays
horsed private vehicle like stage coach (also ; set of events having the unity & progress of a
d.-net) net drawn over bottom of river &c. or play & leading to catastrophe or consummation.
surface of field to enclose all fish or game ; ap- [LL f. Gk (gen. -atos), f. drao do, -m]
paratus for dredging or recovering drowned drama'tie, a. Of drama as of a play-actor, ;

persons &c. muckrake iron shoe for retarding

; ; theatrical fit for theatrical representation,
;

vehicle downhill obstruction to progress ; sudden, striking, impressive; (of utterances

strong-smelling thing for hounds to follow in- &c) not to be taken as one's own, representing
stead of fox, club for pursuing this sport slow ; another person's thoughts. Hence drama'tic-
motion, impeded progress d.-anchor, floating ; ally adv. [f. LL f. Gk dramatikos (prec, -ic)]
frame on hawser to check lee-way of drifting dra'matis perso'nae, n. pi. (often with
ship d.-chain, used to retard vehicle by fixing
; sing, constr.). (List of) characters in a play. [L]
wheel, (fig.) impediment, [f. prec] dra'matist, n. Play-wright. [drama, -ist]
 ;; ;;

DRAMATIZE 250 DRAWING

dra'matize, v.t. & i. Convert (novel &c.) gun-charge, nail, cricket-stumps from ground,
admit of sueh conversion. Hence
into a play, card from pack pistol, sword from sheath, also
;

dpamatizA'TioN n. [drama, -ize] abs. = d. one's sword or pistol d. one's sword ;

dpa'matupge, n. Play-wright. So dra- against, attack d. lots, also abs. = d. lots, &
;

maturgic a..dra*maturgisT(l), dra'ma- trans. = obtain by lot, as dreivthe winner); drag

turgY 1 nn. [F, f. Gk dramatourgos (drama,
,
(badger, fox) from hole haul up (water) from ;

-crgos -working)] well bring out (liquid, blood) from vessel, body
;

drank. See drink '. (d. it mild, i.e. orig. beer, now = be moderate,
drape, Cover, hang, adorn, with cloth
v.t. not exaggerate) extract essence of (d. the tea,
;

&c. ; arrange (clothes, hangings) in graceful also intr. the tea drawn) (of poultice) drain ;

folds, [f. F draper (drap cloth)] (gathering &c.) take, get from a source (d. in-
;

dra'per, n. Dealer in cloth, linen, &c. [f. F spiration, one's salary tax draws well, draws ;

drapier (prec, -ier)] from the rich only) (Cards) cause to be played
;

dra'pery, n. Cloth & linen & cotton fabrics (d. all the trumps) bring (person) out, make
;

draper's trade ; arrangement of clothing in him reveal information, talent, irritation, &c.
sculpture &c. ; clothing or hangings disposed deduce, infer, (conclusion) extract something ;

in folds, whence dra'periED 2 a. [f. OF dra- from, empty, drain {calf draws cow), disembowel
perie {drap cloth, -ery)] (hanged, draicn, &
quartered, of criminal d. ;

dra'stie, a. Acting strongly, vigorous, vio- foicl before cooking) (Hunt.) search (covert) for;

lent, esp. (Med.) strongly purgative. Hence game(d. blank, find none). 4. Protract, stretch,
dra'stiCALLY adv. [f. Gk drastikos (drastos elongate, (long-drawn agony d. wire, make it ;

vbl adj. of drao do, -ic)] by pulling piece of metal through successively
drat, v.t. 3 sing, subjunct. (vulg.). Confound, smaller holes) (Xaut., intr. of sail) swell out
;

curse, bother, (as woman's imprecation'). Hence with wind. 5. Trace (furrow, figure, line d. the ;

dra'ttEDia. [for 'orf (God) rot] line at, refuse to go as far as or beyond) de- ;

draught 1
draft in some senses,
(-ahft), n. (also lineate, make (picture), represent (object), by
as stated). Drawing, traction, {beast of d., d.- drawing lines ; describe in words ; practise de-
horse, &c, for drawing cart, plough, &c. draw- ) : lineation ; frame (document) in due form, com-
ing of net for fish &c, take of fish at one draw- pose, (often up, out) ; formulate, institute, (com-
ing single act of drinking, amount so drunk,
; parisons, distinctions) write out (bill, cheque, ;

(also fig. of joy, love, pain, &c.) dose of liquid ; draft, on banker &c), (abs.) make call on person
medicine {black d., a purgative) (Xaut.) depth ; or his faith, memory, &c, for money or service.
of water ship draws or requires to float her 6. Make way, move, towards, near, off, back,
(pi.) game with 24 similar pieces on d. (same as &c. {d. to an end (Racing) get further
or close) ;

chess) -board current of air in room, chimney,

;
away to the front, come level, gain on. 7. (Of
&c. {forced d., of furnace, made by rarefying doubtful origin) (of ship) require (such a depth
:

air above or compressing it below), whence of water) to float; d. game or battle, part with-
drau*ghtY 2 a., drau'ghtixESS n. ; outline, outdecidingit. 8. (With advv. in special senses):
preliminary drawing for work of art plan of ;
d. back, withdraw from undertaking d. in, en- ;

something to be constructed (also -ft) rough ; tice, persuade to join, (of day) close in, (of suc-
copy, first conception, of document (usu. -ft) ; cessive days) become shorter ; d. off, withdraw
(selection of) military detachment, party, rein- (troops or intr. of troops etc.) ; d. on, lead to,
;

forcement, (usu. -ft) ; (written order for) with- bring about, allure, approach, (intr.); d. out, lead
drawing of money from fund in bank &c, out, detach, or array (troops), prolong, elicit, in-
cheque, bill of exchange, (now -ft) ; drawing of duce to talk, write out in proper form, (of days)
liquor from vessel {beer on d., in tapped cask become longer; d. up, (refl.) assume stiff atti-
so d.-beer, opp. bottled). [ME drahtci. tracht G tude, (intr.) come up with or to= overtake, come
vbl n. f. com.-Teut. dragan draw] to a stand, (t. &
i. of troops) bring or come into

draught 2 (-ahft), v.t. Draw off (party for regular order, (trans.) compose (document &c).
military service &c.) from larger body (now [com.-Teut., OE dragan, cf. Gtragcn carry]
draft);make pla- or sketch of (also -ft), [f. prec] draw 2 , n. Act of DRAwing; esp.: strain,
draughtsman (-ahft-), n. (pi. -men). One pull; attractive effect, thing that draws custom,
who makes drawings, plans, or sketches {good, attention, &c. ; drawing of lots, raffle ; drawn
bad, no, d., one who draws well &c), whence game ; remark &c. meant to elicit information
drau*ghtsmansHip(3) n., draughtswo- or set person off on pet subject, [f. prec]
man (usu.
n. fern. ; draftsman) person who drawback, n. Amount of excise or import
drafts document, esp. Parliamentary Bill piece : duty paid back or remitted on goods exported
in game of draughts, [draught's + man) deduction. from thing that qualifies satisfac-
;

draw 1
, v.t. & i. (drew, drawn). 1. Pull (boat tion, disadvantage ; d. lock, with spring bolfc
up from water, hat over face, belt tighter, pen that can be drawn back by inside knob, [draw 1 ]
across paper, friend aside) pull after one ; drawbridge, n. Bridge hinged at one end
(plough, cart, cartload, &c); drag (criminal) on for drawing up to prevent passage or to open
hurdle &c. to execution contract, distort, {with ; channel, [draw l ]
drawn face) haul in (net) bend (bow d. a
; ; ; Drawea'nsir, n. a. &
(Person) formidable
bead i on) ; pull at (d. bit, bridle, rein, check both to friend and foe ; fierce swashbuckler,
horse, &
fig. oneself) pull (curtain, veil) open or
; fname of character in Villiers's Rehearsal]
shut ; d. cloth, clear table after meal (Cricket) ; drawee*, n. Person on whom draft or bill is
divert (ball) to on side with bat (Golf) drive ; drawn, [-ee]
(ball) too much to left, 2. Attract, bring to one, drawer, n. In vbl senses ; also or esp. (ar- :

take {drew a deep breath & abs., chimney,

in, ; chaic) tapster ; receptacle sliding in out of &
pipe, draws well, promotes, allows, draught special frame (dd. or chest of dd.) or of table
Ifelt drawnto him drew my attention ; ; d. him Sec, for holding clothes, papers, &c, whence
into talk, out of temptation draws customers, ; drawerFUL(2) n. (pi.) two-legged (usu. un-
& abs., attract attention or custom); induce der-) garment suspended from waist,
;

[-er 1 ]
to do be attracted, assemble, round or about
; drawing, n. In vbl senses ; esp. : art of re-
some centre (dreio round the table) bring ; presenting by line, delineation without colour
about, entail, {drew after itgreat consequences or with single colour, (out of d., incorrectly
d. ruin upon oneself). 3. Extract (cork, tooth, drawn) productof this, black-&- white or mono-
;
 ;;; ;;;

DRAWING-ROOM 251 DRIBBLE

chrome sketch d. -block, of detachable leaves
;
box, = foil. [f. obs. dredge sweetmeat,f OFdragee .

of d.-paper adhering at edges d.-board, for ; f. L f. Gk tragema (trogo chew)]

stretching d.-paper on d.-compass(es), with ; dredger 2 , n. (for dredger* see dredge 1 ).
pen or pencil substituted for one point d.-pin, ; Box with perforated lid for sprinkling flour
for fastening d.-paper to d.-board. [-ing J ] &c. [prec, -er 1 ]
dpawing-poom, n. Room for reception of dree, v.t. (archaic). Endure (still in d. one's
company, to which ladies retire after dinner weird, submit to one's lot). [OE driogan]
levee, formal reception esp. at court, [for ear- dreg, n. (usu. pi.). Sediment, grounds, lees,
lier vnthdratving-] (drink, drain, to the dd., leaving nothing);
drawl, v.i. t., n. &
Speak* utter (often & worthless part, refuse ; (sing.) small remnant
out), with indolent or affected slowness; (of (esp. not a d.). Hence dreggv 2 a. [cf. Icel.
words, esp. in part.) be so uttered hence : dreggjar, Sw. dragg\
draw'lingLY 2 adv. (X.) slow utterance, drench l (-tsh), n. Draught or dose adminis-
[prob. intensive f. draw 1 ; cf. Du. dralen, tered to animal ; (archaic) large, medicinal, or
EFris. draulen, loiterj poisonous draught a soaking or downpour. ;

drawn, p.p. of draw 1 ; d.-u-ork, fancy work [OE drenc cogn. w. drink]
in linen &c. done by drawing out threads. dreneh 2 (-tsh), v.t. Make to drink largely
draw-well, n. Deep well with rope and force (animal) to take draught of medicine
bucket, [draw 1
]
(Sheep-washing, Tanning) steep, soak; wet all
dray, n. Low
esp. brewer's cart without over with falling liquid (or of the liquid). [OE
sides for heavy loads (d.-horse, large power- & drencan cf. G trdnken, causative of drink]
ful ; drayman, brewer's driver), [f. OE dragon drencher, n. In vbl senses esp. drench- ; :

draw cf. Sw. drog]

1
,
ing shower; apparatus for giving drench to
dread (-ed), v.t,, & n. Be
1 in great fear of; beast. [-ER ]
]
shrink from, look forward to with terror fear ; dress l , v.t, & i. (Mil.) correct the alignment
greatly (that, to learn &c), be afraid {to do). of (companies &c. in relation to each other, or
(N.) great fear, awe, apprehension object of ; men in line), (intr.) come into correct place in
fear or awe. [n. f. vb, dreden, draeden, cf. ME line &c. (up, i.e. forward, back, or abs.); array,
\ OE andrxden, etyiu. dub.] clothe, (dressed in black, serge, &c.) ; provide
dread 2 , a. Dreaded, dreadful; awful, re- oneself with clothes (d. well &c.) ; put on one's
vered. [ME p.p. of DREAD 1
] clothes put on evening d. (esp. d.for dinner);
;

drea'dful, a. Terrible, awe-inspiring (penny d.up, attire oneself, attire (another), elaborate-
d. ellipt., story-book full of horrors) ; trouble- ly or in masquerade ; d. out, attire conspic-
some, disagreeable, boring, very bad or long, uously; deck, adorn, (ship with flags, shop-
horrid. Hence drea'dfulLY 2 adv. [-ful] window with tempting wares) ; provide (play)
drea'dnought (-ednawt), n. (Cloth used for) with costumes treat (wound, wounded man) ;

thick coat for stormy weather; (D.) type of with remedies, apply dressing to subject to ;

20th-c. battleship greatly superior in tonnage & cleansing, trimming, smoothing, &c. brush, ;

power to all predecessors (f name of first built). . comb, do up, (hair) curry (horse, leather & ; ;

dream 1
, n. Vision, series of pictures or fig.,often a. clown, thrash, scold) ; finish sur-
events, presented to sleeping person ; act, time, face of (textile fabrics, building-stone) prepare, ;

of seeing such vision ; waking d., similar ex- cook, (food); prune (plant); manure, [f. OF
perience of one awake ; conscious indulgence of dresser cf. It. dirizzare f. L directus direct]
fancy, reverie, castle in the air, (also day-d.) dress 2, n. Clothing, esp. the visible part of
thing (ideal, person, dress, dish, &c.) of dream- it, costume (full d., that worn on great occa-
like goodness, beauty, or refinement; d.-reader, sions evening cl., or d., that worn at dinners or
;

interpreter of dd. d.-world, -land, region out- ; evening parties; morning cl., ordinary; a d.,
side the laws of nature. Hence drea'mLESS, lady's gown, frock) external covering, outward ;

drea^mLiKE, aa. [cf. traum, perh. cogn. w. G form, (birds in their winter d., French book ap-
G trugen deceive] pearing in English d.) d.-circle, first gallery ;

dream 2 , v.i. & t. {dreamt pr. -emt, or -ed). in theatres, in which evening-d. was once re-
Have visions in sleep ; see, hear, &c. in sleep quired d.-coat, swallow- tailed for evening d.
;

(dreamt a d., did you d. it?, d. that .) . . d.-guard, on bicycle &c. to protect d. d.-im- ;

imagine as in a dream, think possible (with ; prover, = bustle 3 dressmaker, -king, (woman) ;

negative &c.) think o/even in a d., so much as making women's dd. [f. prec]
contemplate possibility of, have any conception dre'sser 1 , n. Kitchen side-board with
of; fa ' into reverie form imaginary visions
1
; shelves for dishes &c. [f. OF dresseur (dresser
of; be inactive or unpractical (& trans, d. away dress ] cf. med.L directorium]
)

one's time). Hence drea'mER 1 n. [as prec] dresser 2 , n. In vbl senses esp., surgeon's ;

drea*m-hole, n. Hole left in wall of tower assistantin hospital operations, whence dres-
&c. to admit light, [perh. f. OE dr6am mirth, sersHip(l) n. [-er ']
music (the holes letting sound of bells issue)] dressing, n. In vbl senses esp. scolding ; :

drea'my, Full of dreams (rare or poet.)

a. or thrashing sauce, stuffing, &c. manure ; ;

given to reverie, fanciful, unpractical dream- ; bandages, ointments, &c, for wound; stiffen-
like, vague, misty. Hence drea'miLY 2 adv., ing used in finishing fabrics; d.-bell &c, signal
drea*miNESs n. [-y 2 ] to dress for dinner d.-case, of toilet necessaries; ;

drear'y, (poet.) drear, a. Dismal, gloomy, d.-gown, worn while making toilet or in dis-
dull. Hencedrear*(i)LV 2 adv., drear*(i)MESS habille d.-room, attached to bedroom for
;

n. [OE dreorig {drior gore) prob. cogn. w. dreo- toilet d.-table, for looking-glass &c. [-ing ] ]
;

san & G traurig sad]

to drop dressy, a. Fond of, smart in, dress (of ;

dredge n., & v.t. & Apparatus for bring-

*, i. clothes) stylish. Hence dressiNESS n. [-t 2 ]
ing up oysters^ specimens, &c, or clearing out drew. See draw *.
mud &c, from river or sea bottom. (Vb) bring dri'bble, v.t, & i.. & n. Flow, let flow, in
up, clear away or out, with d. clean out (har- ; drops or trickling stream (n., such flow) (of ;

bour, river) with d. use d. hence dredger l ; ; child, idiot, &c.) run at the mouth; (Football)
[-ER 1 (1, 2)] n. [earlier dreg perh. f. drag j ] work (ball) forward with slight touches of alter-
dredge 2, v.t. Sprinkle with flour or other nate or different players' feet (n.,piece of drib-
powder sprinkle (flour &c.) over dredging-
; ; bling) ;
(Billiards) make (ball) just roll (or intr.
 ; ;;

DRIBBLET 252 DROLLERY

of ball) into pocket. Hence dri'bblER l n. [fre- drip 2
, n. Act of dripping
dripping liquid ; ;

quent, of obs. drib v. var. of drip] (Arch.) projection keeping rain from parts be-
dri*b(b)let, n. Small quantity, petty sum, low (so d.-moulding, dripstone) d.-drop, per- ;

(esp. by dd.). [f. drib see prec. 4- -let] sistent dripping. Hence dri'ppv 2 a. [f. prec]
dried, drier. See dry 2 K > dropping, n. In vbl senses also fat melt- ; :

drift 1 , n. Being driven by current; slow ed from roasting meat, & used for frying or as
course or current ship's deviation due to cur- ; food dd., water, grease, &c dripping from
;

rents projectile's deviation due to rotation

; ; anything, [-ixg a ]
(Forest Law) driving of cattle to one place on drive \v.t. & i. (drove, driven). Urge in some
appointed day to determine ownership &c. na- ; direction by blows, threats, violence, &c (usu.
tural or unperceived progress, tendency pur- ; with adv. or prep, as away, back, in, out, from,
pose, meaning, tenor, or scope, of person or his to, through d. out, oust, take place of) chase
; ;

words shower, driving mass snow, sand, &c,

; ; or frighten (game, wild beasts, enemy esp. in
accumulated by wind (also d.-ice, -icood, &c.) ; guerilla warfare) from over large area into
matter driven by water (Geol.) superficial de- ; small in order to kill or capture scour (dis- ;

posit made by current of water or air (D., pleis- trict), (Forest Law) hold a drift 1 (urge &) ;

tocene ice detritus, boulder clay) (also d.-net) ; direct course of (animal drawing vehicle or
large net for herrings &c. allowed to d. with plough, vehicle &c, or locomotive) convey in ;

tide ;(Mining) horizontal passage following vehicle act as driver of vehicle travel, go, in
; ;

mineral vein S.-Afr. ford tool for enlarging

; ; carriage at one's disposal (cT. ride in omnibus,
or shaping hole in metal: d. -anchor, = drag 2- tram, train) impel forcibly, constrain, compel,
;

anchor. [f. OE drifan drive 1 ] (to, into, to do; d. mad, out of one's senses)
drift 2, v.i. & t. Be carried (as) by current of overwork (was very hard driven) impel, carry ;

air or water, (of current) carry go passively or ; along (of wind, water), throw, propel, send in
aimlessly pile, be piled, by wind into dd. cover
; ; some direction, (inanimate things) (Cricket) ;

(field, road) with dd. form or enlarge hole (see ; return (ball) from freely swung bat to or past
prec). Hence dPi'ftAGE(l) n. [f. prec] bowler (Golf) strike (ball, or abs. with driver
; ) ;

drill i, n., & v.t. & i. Pointed steel &c. tool, force (stake, nail, &c) into ground &c. with
or machine, for boring holes vb, bore, of person ( blows bore (tunnel, horizontal cavity) (also
; ;

or tool, with metal &c, or hole &c, as obj. also ; let d.) aim blow or missile (at) (of steam or ;

intr., d. through, perforate) boring shell-fish ; ; other power) set or keep (machinery) going (also
instruction or exercise in military evolutions of person, d. a quill, pen, write) carry on, ;

(d.-sergeant, instructor ind., also fig.), rigorous effect, conclude, (drove a roaring trade, good,
discipline, exact routine, (vb, subject to, or iargain) defer (d. it to the last minute) dash,
; ;

undergo, such discipline Company will d. at : B rush, hasten work hard at float along, drift,
; ;

10.0 a.m.; d. him in what he is to say, in Latin tend (d. at, seek, intend, mean xchat is he driv- ;

Cframmar). [n. in sense tool f. Du. dril f. dril- ing at?); driving-iron, -putter, golf clubs, [com,-
lenv.; vb in sense bore f. n. other n. senses f. vb] ; Teut., OE drifan cf. G treiben]
drill 2, n., & v.t. Small furrow for sowing drive 2, n. Excursion in vehicle (see prec)
seed in, ridge with such furrow on top, row of driving of game or enemy (see prec.) stroke at ;

plants so sown machine lor furrowing, sowing,

; cricket, golf, &c (see prec) energy, push ten- ; ;

& covering seed; (vb) sow (seed) thus, plant dency carriage-road, esp. private road to house;
;

(ground) in dd. [perh. = prec] whist 3

d. [f. prec]
drill 3, n. Kind of baboon, [perh. W.-Afr.] dri'vel, v.i. & t. (-11-), & n. Run at mouth or
drill 4, n. Coarsetwilled linen or cotton fabric, nose like child ; talk childishly or idiotically ;

[earlier drilling f. drillich f. G L trilicem nom. fritter away hence dri'vellER ;

l
n. (N.) silly
-ix (tri- three-, licium thread)] nonsense, twaddle. [ME drevelen, dravelen,
drily. See dry K OE drefiian, prob. cogn. w. draff]
drink 1
, v.t. & i. (drank drunk & poet, drun-
; dri'ver, n. One who drives (drive 1 ), coach-
ken). Swallow (liquid) take (the waters at a
; man (also cab-d., engine-d., &c; slavc-d., over-
spa) medicinally ; d. off, xip, d. the whole of at seer of slave gang); (Golf) supple wooden-headed
once; (of olants, porous things, &c) absorb club for driving long distance (Mech.) driving- ;

(moisture ; often up or in) ; (fig.) d. in, contem- wheel or otherpart thatreceivespowerdirectly;

plate, listen to, with delight empty (vessel, ; front, rear, -d., bicycle in which power is ap-
the cup of pain or joy) spend (wages &c) on d. ; plied to front, rear, wheel; QUiLL-d. Hence
swallow liquid, take draught, (often o/a source; dri'verLESS a. [-er x ]
d. deep, take large draught, or be great drinker dri'ving- wheel, n. Wheel commur icating
as in next sense) take spirituous liquor esp. to
; motion to other parts of machine; large wheel of
excess, tipple, be a drunkard, (d. hard, heavily, locomotive cycle wheel that is directly worked.
;

like a fish; drinking-BOUT ; d. oneself drunk, dri'zzle, v.i., & n. (Fall in, be wet with) fine
to death, out of a situation ; d. down or under dense drops of rain (subj., the day, rain, it).
the table, outlast in retaining control of oneself Hence dri'zzlv 2 a. [cf. OE
dreosan fall, -le(3)]
while drinking); d. to, pledge, toast ; wish good dro'gner (-ger), n. W.-Ind. coasting vessel
&c to in drinking (d. one's health, d. success or slow heavy F craft, [thr. f. 16th-c Du. drogher
confusion to). Hence (-)dri'nkER 1 n. [conx- (droogen to dry) named from drying herrings]
Teut ; OE drvncan cf G trinken] . drogue (-6g), n. Buoy at end of harpoon line,
drink 2 Liquid swallowed or absorbed
, n. : [perh. var. of drag 2]
beverage intoxicating liquor (also strong d.).
; droit or as F), n. Right, due, legal per-
(-oit,
excessive indulgence in it, intemperance (on the quisite, (esp. dd. of Admiralty, proceeds of ene-
d., giving way to this in d., drunk) glass &c ; ; my's ships, wrecks, &c). [F, f. lAjdrictumi. L
or portion of liquor (stand dd. round) d.-offer- ; directum neut. adj. =in LLlegal right (direct 2 )]
ing, libation. Hence dri'nkLESS a. [OE drinc droll, a., n., & v.i. Facetious, amusing; queer,
& drinca f. drincan = prec] odd, surprising; hence dro'lLY 2 (-61-15) adv.,
dri'nkable, a. n. &
to drink ; (n., esp. Good dro'llNESS n. (N., now rare) jester, wag. (Vb,
inpi.) thing(s) to drink, [-able] now rare) play the buffoon, jest with, at, on.
drip \ v.i. t, &
Fall, let fall, in drops ; let [f. F drole(r) etym. dub.]
drops fall, be so wet (with blood as to shed &c) dro'llery, n. Jesting a facetious composi- ;

drops. [OErlryppan cf. triefen] G tion quaint humour, [-ery]

;
 ;; ;;

DROMEDARY 253 DRUID

di»6*medapy {also -urn-), n. Light fleet usu. dro'ppings, n. pi. What falls or has fallen
Arabian or one-humped camel bred for riding, in drops, e.g. wax from candles dung of beasts ;

[f. OF dromedaire f. LL dromedarnus f. L f Gk . or birds, [-ing l ]

dromas -ados runner, -ary 1
] dro'p-scene, n. = drop-curtain (drop 1 );
drd'mond, n. (hist.). Large medieval ship final scene, finale, of drama in real life.
for war or commerce, [f. OF dromon f. LL f. dro'psy, Disease in which watery fluid
n.
Bvz.Gk dromon (dromos race)] collects in cavities or tissue of body, (fig.) over-
drone n., & v.i. & t. Male
1
, of honey-bee, swollen state. Hence dPO'psiCAL »., dro'p-
which does not work idler deep humming ; ; sicalLY 2 adv. [f OF ydropisie f L hydropisis . .

sound monotonous speech or speaker bass-

; ; f. Gk hudrops -opos (hxidor, hudr-, water)]

pipe of bagpipe fixed continuous note emitted

; dPO*s(h)ky, n. Russian low four-wheeled
by this. ( Vb) buzz like bee or bagpipe, talk or carriage cab in German towns,
; [f. Russ.
uttermonotonously, whence dPO*ning LY 2 adv. drozhki dim. of drogi wagon (droga perch)]
,

idle idle away (life &c).

; [OE dran, drxn, dross, n. Scum thrown off from metals in
(sense bee) cf. G drohne] ; melting foreign matter mixed with anything,
;

droop, v.i. & t., & n. Hang down, slope, in- impurities refuse, rubbish. Hence dpo'ss Y 2
;

cline,as in weariness look downwards ; (of eyes) a. [OE dros cf. G drusen husks, dregs]
(poet., of sun &c.) sink; languish, decline, flag, dpoug-ht (-owt), (poet.) drouth (-ow-), n.
lose heart ; let (head, face, eyes) fall forward or (Archaic) dryness, lack of moisture, also thirst
down ; hence droo'ping-LY 2 adv. (N.) droop- continuous dry weather, want of rain. Hence
ing attitude, loss of spirit, fall of tone. [f. OX dpoug-h'tY 2 dPOU'thY 2 , , a. [OE drugad
drupa vb cogn. w. foil.] (dryge dry \
-th l )]
drop 1 , n. 1. Round, pear-shaped, or hemi- drove *f n. Herd, flock, being driven or mov-
spherical portion of liquid such as hangs or falls ing together crowd, multitude, shoal, large
;

separately or adheres to surface (of water, tears, number, esp. as moving together mason's ;

sweat, dew, rain, blood, or abs. in these senses); broad chisel. [OE drdf 0rifan drive *)]
(Med.) smallest separable quantity of a liquid drove 2. See drive 1 .

(in pi., liquid medicine to be measured by dd.); dro'ver, n. Driver of droves to market,
minute quantity (d. in bucket or ocean, infini- cattle-dealer. Hence drove 3 v.t., dro'VENG 1
tesimal factor) glass &c. of intoxicating liquor
;
n. [prec. + -er *]
(take a d.; has taken a d. too much, is drunk drown, v.i. & t. Suffer death by suffocation ;

have a d. in one's eye, show signs of having in liquid (now usu. be drowned but drowning ;

drunk) pendant, hanging ornament, (ear-dd., man &c); suffocate (person, animal) by sub-
;

ear-rings dd. of glass chandelier) sugarplum mersion (subj., person &c. or the liquid) sub-
; ; ;

{acid, chocolate, dd.) hence dro'pLET n. 2. merge, flood, drench, (esp. fig. drowned in tears,
;

Act of dropping, fall, social come-down, descent sleep,mwine like drowned rat, in soaked condi- ;

in prices, temperature, &c. thing that drops or tion d. oid, drive out by flood) overpower
; ; ;

is dropped, as (Theatr. painted curtain let down (esp. of louder sound making voice &c. inaud-
)

between acts (also d.-curtain), (in gallows) plat- ible), [perh. f. drunken p.p. of drink, cf. MDa.
form withdrawn from under feet of condemned drukne drown f. drucken p.p. of drikke drink]
(also, distance he is allowed to fall, as d. of 3 ft)', drowse (-z), v.i. & t., & n. Be dull & sleepy,
abrupt fall in level of surface, amount of this half asleep ; be sluggish make drowsy pass ; ;

(also d.-kick)Mck at football made by dropping away (time) in drowsing; (n.) half-asleep con-
ball and kicking it as it rises (d.-off, -out, such dition, [perh. = OE driisian sink, become slow,
kick to start play after goal, try, or touch-down); cogn. w. driosan fall but not found in 11th- ;

d.-shutter, appliance for giving instantaneous 15th cc. prob. back-formation from foil.] ;

exposure in photography; d.-sulphur, -tin, drowsy (-zi), a. Sleepy, half asleep, dozing
granulated by being dropped molten into water; lulling, soporific sluggish d.-head, sleepy per- ; ;

dropxeort, kinds of plant with tuberous root son. Hence dPowsiHEAD (archaic), drow-
fibres, [sense 1 f. OE dropa cf. G tropfen, cogn. siNESS, nn., dPOWsiLY 2 adv. [prob. cogn. w.
w. drip, droop sense 2 f. foil.] ; OE drusian see prec; found earlier than prec]
drop 2, v.i. & t. Fall in dd. give off moisture drub, v.t. Cudgel, thump, belabour beat in ;
;

in dd. fall by force of gravity from not being fight beat (notion) into, oid of, person. Hence
; ;

held &c, (fig.) be uttered casually (the remark dPU'bbiNG 1 n. [earlier sense bastinado perh. ;

dropped from him), disappear (a letter has f. Arab, darb beating]

dropped oid) sink to ground exhausted,
; drudge, n., & v.i. Servile worker, slave,
wounded, &c. (d. on one's knee, kneel), (of setter) hack hence dPU , dg'ERY(2, 5) n. (Vb) work ;

crouch at sight of game fall naturally asleep, slavishly at distasteful work hence dPU'dg"-
; ;

{back) into habit &c. die cease, lapse, (affair ingXY 2 adv. [perh. cogn. w. dree]
; ;

teas allowedtod. the correspondence dropped) ; drug", n., & v.t. Original simple medicinal ;

fail in direction, condition, amount, degree, substance, organic or inorganic, used alone
pitch, (prices, voice, d.) go dourn stream fall or as ingredient unsalable commodity, thing
; ; ;

behind, to the rear, &c; come or go casually in no longer in demand (usu. d. in the market) ;
as visitor, into place, across person d. on or hence clpu'g'g'Y 2 a. (Vb) adulterate with d., ;

across, reprimand or punish let fall (liquid, esp. with narcotic or poison administer dd., ; ;

tears) in dd., shed let go, relinquish, cease to esp. narcotics, to nauseate, cloy. [f. F drogue
; ;

hold, (d. anchor, anchor ship) give birth to cf. Pr. drogua, Sp., It., droga, etym. dub.] ;

(esp. lambs) utter casually as if unconsciously

; dpu'g'g'et (-g-), n. (Over-carpet or floor-cloth
(esp. d. a hint ; so d. a iiostcard or note) ; lose of)coarse woollen stuff used for floor or table
< money, esp. in gaming) ; fell with axe, blow of coverings, [f. F droguet etym. dub.]
fist, set down (passenger, parcel)
or bullet
; dpu'grgrist, n. Dealer in drugs, pharmaceuti-
omit one's hs, syllable) in speech ; let
(letter, cal chemist, [-ist]
(eyes) droop lower (voice) ; d. curtsy ; (Foot-
; Dpu'id, n. Priest, magician, soothsayer,
ball) send (ball), make (goal), by d.-kick (see among Celts of ancient Gaul & Britain officer ;

prec. ; also intr. = take d.-kick) ; cease to asso- of Welsh Gorsedd or national assembly. Hence
ciate with, have done with (d. it !, stop that); d. Dpu'idEss *, Dpu*idiSM(3), nn., Dpui'dic(AL)
<tway, in, depart, enter, one by one ; d. off,=&. aa. [f F druide f. L pi. drxiidae, -des, f. OCelt.
.

away, also fall asleep. [OE dropian, see prec] druid- magician]
 ;; ; ;;

DRUM 254 DUBITATIVE

drum Musical instrument sounded by
*, n. dull, unprofitable; untinged by prejudice or
striking & made
of hollow cylinder or hemi- interest (d. light) ; d.-bulb thermometer, one of
sphere with parchment stretched over open- pair in hygrometer with wet &
d. bulbs ; d.
ing^) (bass, tenor, big, kettle, &c, d.) (Zool.) ; cooper, maker of casks for d. goods ; d.-cure,
natural organ giving resonance, as howling cure (meat &c) without pickling in liquid ; d.-
monkey's hyoid bone sound (as) of d., esp. bit- ;
dock*; d.-flya. &
V.i., (fish) with fly dangled
tern's cry player of d., drummer cylindrical just over water d. goods, non-liquid goods, as
;
; ;

structure (d. of ear, hollow part of middle ear) corn, also (esp. U.S.) drapery, mercery, haber-
or object, cylinder or barrel in machinery on dashery d. lodging, without board d.-nurse, ; ;

which something is wound or for other pur- tending but not suckling child, (v.t.) bring up
poses solid part oi Corinthian or composite by hand d. pile, electric pile or battery in
; ;

capital stone block forming section of shaft

; which no liquid is used d.-piate, photographic ;

cylindrical receptacle for packing dried fruit, plate with sensitized film hard & d. for c©n-
holding oil, &c. evening or afternoon-tea venience of keeping, developing at leisure, &c
;

party (also d.-Jish) kinds of American fish able d.-point, needle for engraving without acid on
;

to make drumming noise d.-head, skin or bare copper plate (also v.i., use this process,
;

membrane of d. (d.-h. court ^martial), mem- &n., engraving produced so); d.-rot, decayed
brane across d. of ear, circular top of capstan state of wood not exposed to air caused, by
d.-major, N.C.O. commanding drummers of fungi, also the fungi, (fig.) unsuspected moral
regiment drumstick, stick with; knob or pad or social decay; d.-salt v.t., = d. -cure dry- ;

for beating d., lower joint of cooked fowl's leg. saltery), dealer, dealing or shop that deals, in
[cf. Du. trom, & MHG
trumme orig. trumpet] drugs, dyes, gums, oils, pickles, tinned meats,
drum 2
, v.i. & t. Play the d., whence &c. d.-shod a. or adv., without wetting the ;

dPU'mmER 1 n. beat, tap, or thump, continu- feet. Hence dpyiSH 1 (2) a., dpi'LY 2 (or dpy-
;

ously on something (on piano, at door feet d. ly) adv. (esp. in fig. senses), dpy'NESS n. [OE ;

on flow a drumming in the ears) ; (of birds, drygc cf. Du. droog, G trocken]
;

insects) make loud hollow noise with quivering dry 2 , v. t. & i. Make or become d. by wiping,
wings summon, beat up, as by drumming ; d. evaporation, draining, &c ; cause (cow) to
;

out, cashier by beat of d. drive (person) into cease giving milk d. up, make utterly d., (of
; ;

apathy &c, (lesson) into person, by persistence moisture) disappear utterly, (of well &c) cease ;

strike (hands &c. repeatedly (up)on something ) to yield water, (colloq., esp. in imperat.) cease
play (tune &c.) on or as on d. [f. prec] talking or doing something. Hence dpi'ER 1
drum 3 nn. (geol. ). Long narrow
, dpu'mlin, (1,2) (also dpy*ep)n. [OEd?-ygean (drygeDRY 1 )]
hill of driftor diluvial formation, [f. Gael. & dpy'ad, n. Nymph inhabiting tree, wood-
Ir. druim ridge -tin perh. for -ling l ] ; nymph, [f. L f. Gk druas -ados (drus tree)]
Dpu'mmond lig"ht, n. Lime-light or oxy- Dryasdust, n., d-, a. Dull laborious anti-
hydrogen light. [Capt. T. Z>., inventor <*. 1825] quary or historian (adj.) very dry, uninterest-
;

dpunk, pred. a. n. (also p.p. of drink 1 ). & ing.[Dr D., fictitious person (dry as dust) to
Intoxicated, overcome with liquor, (beastly, whom Scott dedicated]
blind, dead, hal f &c, d. d. as a fiddler or , ; du'ad, n. (Incorrect for) dyad.
lord also fig., d. with joy, success, rage) hence
; ; du'al, a. & n. Of two, twofold, divided in two,
dPU'nkARD n. (X., slang) drinking-bout, drun- double, (d. ownership, skirt); (Gram.) d. num-
ken fit (from police charge-sheets) case of
; ber or d., inflected form proper to two persons
drunkenness, (hence gen.) man charged with or things (additional to singular & plural). So
drunkenness, drunken man. [p.p. of drink 1 ] dua'liTY n., du*alizE(3) v.t, du'alLY 2 adv.
dru'nken, a. (rarely pred., cf. prec). Intoxi- [f. L dualis (duo two, -al)]
cated given to drinking, often drunk caused
; ; du'alin, n. Powerful explosive of nitre, nitro-
by or exhibiting drunkenness (d. frolic, brawl). glycerin, & sawdust, [prec. (dual nitre) + -in]
Hence dpirnkenLV 2 adv., dru'nkenNESs n. du'alism, n. Duality use of dual number ;

[as prec, see -en 1 ] theory recognizing two independent principles

drupe, n. Stone-fruit, fleshy or pulpy fruit (mind & matter, cf. idealism & materialism;
enclosing stone or nut with kernel, as olive, good & evil in the universe two personalities ;

plum, cherry. Hence dpupA'CEOUS a. [f. L in Christ), so du*aliST(2) n., duali'stic a.,
f. Gk druppa over-ripe (olive)] duali'stiCALLY adv. [dual + -ism]
dru'pel, dru'pelet (-plit), nn. Small drupe dub \ n. Deep pool in northern streams. [?]
in compound fruit, as blackberry, [-el, -let] dub 2 , v.t. Make (person) into a knight by
druse n. Crust of crystals lining rock-
1
, striking shoulders with sword invest with ;

cavity, cavity so lined. [G, f. Boh. druza]
Druse- (-z), n. Member of political reli-
gious sect of Mohammedan origin about Mt
Lebanon. [Ismail al-Darazi, founder 1040]
dry 1
, a. (drier, -est).
eyes, free from tears) not rainv, with deficient
(new title), name, nickname, (person or thing,
& with complement ; dubbed me Doctor, quack, a
scribbler) ; dress (artificial fishing-fly) ; smear
(leather) with grease, [perh. f. OF aduber,com.-
Without moisture (d. Rom. cf. It. addobbare, etym. dub.]
; du'bbing", n. In vbl senses esp., prepared ;

rainfall ; parched, dried up, (colloq.) thirstv, (of
liquid) having disappeared by evaporation,
draining, wiping, &c not yielding water, milk,
&c (cow, well, isd.); not submerged (d. land,
tide leaves it d.) without butter (d. bread,
toast) solid, not liquid, (d. goods, see below
;
d. measure, measure of capacitv for these) (of
wine) free from sweetness & fruity flavour
unconnected with liquid (die a d. death, not bv
drowning or bloodshed d. cough, without
grease for leather (also dubbin), [-ing l ]
dubrety, n. Feeling of doubt; doubtful
; matter, [f. LL dubietas (dubiu-s doubtful, -ty)]
du'Tbious, a. Indistinct (d. light), vague, un-
; reliable (d. friend), of questionable value or
; truth (a d. compliment) ; of doubtful issue (d.
; undertaking, struggle) ; of suspected charac-
ter (d. gains, company) ; hesitating, doubting.
Hence du'biousLY 2 adv., du'biousNESS n.
; [f. L dubiosus (dubius doubtful, -ose )]
1

phlegm; d.-BOB 5 ); impassive, unsympathetic, dubita'tion, n. Doubt, hesitation. [F, f. L

stiff", hard, cold, (d. jest, sarcasm, humour, ex- dubitationem (dubitare doubt 2 -ation)] ,

pressed in matter-of-fact tone with show of du'bitative, a. Of, expressing, inclined to,
unconsciousness) meagre, plain, bare, not en- ; doubt or hesitation. Hence duMbitativeLY 8
larged upon, (d. facts, thanks) uninteresting, ; adv. [f. L dubitativus as prec + -ive]
 ;; ;

DUCAL 255 DULCIMER

du'cal, a. Of, like, bearing title of, duke. [F, difficulty is d. to our ignorance the discovery ;

f. LL ducalis (dux duke, -al)] xs d. to Newton ; the advl use for owing, as /
du'cat, n. Gold coin about 9s., formerly cur- came late d. to an accident, is incorrect) under ;

rent in most European countries; coin, (pi.) engagement to do something (is d. to speak to-
money. [F, f. It. ducato f. LL ducatus duchy night) or to arrive at certain time (train d. at
(prob. named from Duke of Apulia 1140)] 7.30, already d. over-d.) (adv., of points of& ;

du'chess (-tsh-), n. Duke's wife or widow
imposing woman (slang) costermonger's wife ;
(abbr. d utch). [F (-e), f Lhducissa (duke, -ess 2 )]
du'chy (-tshi), n. Territory of reigning duke
or duchess royal dukedom of Cornwall or
; (give one, esp. the devil, his d., not be unjust to
Lancaster, each with certain courts of its own.
[f. OF duche f. LL ducatus (dux duke, -ate *)]
compass) exactly, directly, (went d. east, a d.
N. wind), [f. OF deii (p.p. of devoir owe) f. LL
. dcbutus for L debitus (debere owe)]
due 2, n. Person's right, what is owed him,
him, even though he deserves little or is no
friend) what one owes (pay one's dd.) (usu.
;
;

duck. 1 , n. (pi. often duck collective also -s). ; pi.) toll, fee, legally demandable (harbour, light,
Kinds of swiinining-bird, esp. the domesticated tonnage, dd.) (Xaut.) for a full d., for good,
;

form of the mallard or wild-d. (like d. in thun- thoroughly, completely, [f. prec]
derstorm, with upturned eyes, looking flabber- du-el, n., & v.i. (-11-). Fight with deadly
gasted, faint. &c. like water off d.'s back, pro-; weapons between two persons, in presence of
ducing no effect take to anything like d. to ; two seconds, to settle quarrel (the d., duelling
water fine day for young dd., rainy weather
; ;
& its code of rules) any contest between two ;

latne cl., disabled person, defaulter on Stock Ex- persons, animals, parties, causes hence du*el- ;

change in two shakes of d.'s tail, in an in-

; 1ist(1) n. (Vb) fight d. [F, f. med.L sense of
stant); female of this (cf. drake-); its flesh; archaic L duellum (duo two) orig. form of bel-
darling (esp. in voc), whence du*ck.Y 3 n. lum war for duel- bel- cf. bis]
;

(Cricket; also d.'s-egg) batsman's score of 0; due'nna, n. Elderly woman acting as gover-
Bombay d., bummalo; d. & drake, game of ness & in charge of girls (orig. &
companion
making skip along water (make dd.
flat stone & esp. in Spanish family); chaperon, [f. Sp. duciia
drakes of, play dd. &c. with, squander) d.-bill, ; f. L domina mistress]
red wheat, also =d. -billed platypus or ornitho- due't, -tt, n. Musical composition for two
rhynchus d.-hawk, marsh harrier; d.-shot, of
; voices or instruments (fig.) dialogue, scolding- ;

size for shooting wild d. duckweed, plant that ; match pair, couple.
; Hence due'ttiST(l) m
carpets surface of still water. Hence du'ek- [f. It. duetto dim. cf duo duet f. ~Lduo two]
LiXG a (2) n. [OE duce cogn. w. foil.] duff n.1
(Dial. &c. for)
, ; PLUM-d. dough
&
duck 2 , v.i. t. & n. Plunge, dive, dip head,
, duff 2 v.t. (slang). Fake up (goods), give look
,

under water emerge bend quickly, bob, to &
avoid blow &c. or by way of bow or curtsy
plunge (person &c.) momentarily in water, or
abs., whence du*ckiNG 1 (l) n. ; lower (head)
suddenly (n.) quick dip below water in bathing,
;
; of newness &c. to, (duffing, counterfeit) ; (Aus-
tral.) steal &
alter brands on (cattle), [perh.
back-formation f. duffer]
du'ffel, du'ffie, n. Coarse woollen cloth with
thick nap sportsman's, camper-out's, change of
;

or lowering of head. [ME d(o)uke f. OE *ducan clothes. [Duffel in Brabant]

com.-WG cf. G tauchen] du'ffep, n. One who sells trash as valuable,
duck 3 Strong untwilled linen or cotton
, n. pretending it to be smuggled, stolen, &c. ped- ;

fabric for small sails & outer clothing esp. of lar, hawker faker of sham articles counter-
; ;

sailors (pi.) trousers of this. [prob. f. Du. doeck

; feit coin, picture, &c. unproductive mine ;

= G tuch cloth] thing of which no use can be made ; inefficient,

du'eker \ n. Kinds of diving-bird, esp. dab- useless, or stupid person, [etym. dub. first ;

chick & water-ouzel, [duck 2 -er j ] , sense a century older than last, & than duff 2 ]
du'ckep 2, n. Breeder of ducks, [duck 1 -er 1 ] , dug* 1 , n. Udder of female mammals, also
duct, n. Conduit, tube, for conveying liquid ;
teat, nipple, (not now used of women exc. con-
tube or canal in body conveying chyle, lymph, tempt.), [cf. Sw. dxgga suckle]
or secretions (named from function, as biliary dug- 2 . See dig 1 .

d., or from discoverer, as Eustachian d., dd. of du*g"ong ,n.(pl. often dugong). Large herbivo-
,

Bellini) vessel of plant's vascular tissue hold-

; rous mammal of Indian seas. [f. Malay duyong]
ing air, water, &c. Hence du'etLESS a. [f. L du*g*-out, n. Canoe made by hollowing tree-
d uctus leading, aqueduct (ducere duct- lead)] trunk rough dwelling, excavation in bank
;

du'ctile, a. (Of metals) malleable, flexible,
not brittle, (in technical use) capable of being
drawn out into wire, tough plastic (of clay &c,
or of person or character), pliable, tractable, do-
roofed with canvas or turf, [dig J ]
duke, n. (Hist.) provincial military com-
; mander under later Roman emperors; (bibl.)
chief of tribe (in some parts of Europe) sove-
;

cile. Hence duetrliTY n. [F, f. L ductilis (du- reign prince ruling duchy or small State (Gt ;

cere see prec, -il)] Britain & some other countries) person holding
dude, n. (U.S. slang; fern, dudi'ne pr. -en). highest hereditary title of nobility outside
Fastidious aesthetic person, often imitating royal family (also royal d., d. who is also royal
English speech, dress, manners ; dandy, & prince, with precedence) dine with D. Hum- ;

swell. Hence du'diSH 1 a. [?] phrey kind of cherry (slang) hand, fist. [f. F
; ;

dudgeon (du'jn), n. Resentment, feeling of due f. L dux duels leader]

offence, (usu. ind.). [etym. dub. ; obs. dudgeon du'kedom, n. Territory ruled by, dignity of,
hilt may be same word or notl duke, [-dom]
dud(h)ee*n (dob), n. dr.). Short clay pipe. [?] Du'kepies, n. pi. District in Notts, contain-
duds, n. pi. (slang). Clothes. [?] ing several ducal estates, [-ery]
due 1
, a. & adv. Owing, payable, as a debt du'leet, a. Sweet, soothing, (esp. of sounds),
or obligation (fall, become, d., as bill reaching [f. F doucet dim. of doux f. L dulcis sweet]
maturity) that ought to be given to person
; du'leiftr, v.t. Sweeten, make gentle. Hence
(first place is d. to Milton, it is d. to him to say), dulciFiCATiox n. [f. L dulcificare (dulcis
merited, appropriate, (has his d. reward), right- sweet, -fy)
ful,proper, adequate (after d. consideration), du'leimep, n. Musical instrument with
to be looked for, calculated or foreseen (in d. strings of graduated length over sounding
time) ; to be ascribed to cause, agent, &c. (the board or box struck with hammers, prototype
 ;;

DULCINEA 256 DUPE

of piano, [f. OF doulcimer perh. f. L dulce try; hence du'mpER n. (N.) dull blow, 1

melos (not found in required sense) sweet tune] thud ; (U.S.)heap of refuse, place for shooting
Duleine'a (or -si *ma ), n. Idolized & idealized this. [cf. Da. dumpe, Norw. dumpa, fall plump]
mistress, [name of Don Quixote's mistress] du'mpling-, n. Mass of dough boiled or
dull, a., & v.t. &Slow of understanding,
i. baked either plain or enclosing apple &c. [cf.
obtuse, stupid, whence du'llARD n. (of ears, ;
LG dump damp, moist, heavy, & see -ling j ]
eyes, &c.) without keen perception; (of inani- dumps, n. pi. Depression, melancholy, (usu.
mate things) insensible; (of pain &c.) indis- in the d.). etyrn. dub.]
[f. 1523 ;

tinctly felt ; sluggish, slow-moving, stagnant, du'mpy, a. & n. Short & stout (d. level,
<of person, animal, trade) (of goods, stocks) ;
kind used in surveying) hence du'mpiNESS ;

not easily salable, not in demand listless, de- ; n. (X.) short-legged Scotch breed of fowls; (pi.)
pressed tedious, monotonous blunt (esp. of
; ; 19th Hussars, [etym. dub. earlier than dump 1 ] ;

edge) ; (of colour, light, sound, taste) not bright, dun 2 , a. & n. (Of) dull greyish-brown colour
vivid, or keen (of weather) overcast, gloomy
; ; as of ass or mouse (d.-bird, pochard d.-diver, ;

hence du'lliSH 1 du*l(l)NESS n., du'lLY 2 a., female or young male of goosander) (poet.) ;

<dul-li) adv. (Vb) make d. (d. the edge of, blunt, dark, dusky d. horse kinds of artificial fish-
make less sensitive, interesting, effective)
; lose

force, intensity, clearness, or keenness. [ME,

ing-fly. [OE, cf. Ir. & Gael, donn,
;

dwn\
dun 2, n., & v.t. Importunate creditor debt-
;

W ;

cf. OEdot, also toll mad] G collector demand for payment. (Vb) impor-
;

dulse, n. Edible kind of sea- weed. [f. Ir. & tune for payment of debt ; pester, [perh. var.
Gael, duileasg] of din]
du'ly, adv. Rightly, properly, fitly suffi- ; dunce, n. One slow at
learning, dullard,
ciently punctually, [due 1 + -ly 2 ]
; (d. 'scap, paper cone put on head of d. at school),
du'ma (doo-), n. Russian parliament, first [f. John Duns Scotus, schoolman, d. 1308, whose
summoned 1906. [previously name of elective followers were ridiculed by 16th-c. humanists
municipal councils] and reformers as enemies of learning]
dumb 1 (-m), a. (compar. superl., pron. & du'ndephead, n., du'nder-headed, a.
•mer, -mist). Unable to speak, abnormally Blockhead, stupid (person). [?]
<of human beings; the d., the deaf d., as & dune, n. Mound or ridge of loose sand on
nouns) or normally (d. animals, used in pity or coast. [F, f. ODu. dtina = OE dim down j ]
contempt) inarticulate, having no voice in
; dung, n., & v.t. Manure excrement ; of ani-
government &c, {the d. millions) silenced by ; mals (rarely of man ; d.-beetle, whose larvae
surprise, shyness, &c. (esp. strike d. d. in ; develop in d. ; d.-fly, feeding in it ; d.-worm,
mixed company) taciturn, reticent, {Nature is ; found in cow-d. & used as bait; d.-caH, -fork,
d. on the point; English a d. people) without ; for conveying, loading & spreading, manure)
speech (d. crambo d. show, significant gestures, ; moral filth (vb) manure (land ; of farmer,
;

part of play given in early drama without grazing animals, or the manure). [OE, cf. G
words) unheard, giving no sound without
; ; dung, diinger, manure, & Sw. dynga dung]
the voice, sound, or other property, usual in dung-eon (du'njn), n., & v.t, (Now usu. don-
things of the name (d. piano, set of keys for jon) great tower of castle in innermost court or
exercising fingers; d.-waiter, an upright with bailey strong subterranean cell for prisoners
;

revolving shelves enabling waiter to be dis- (vb) shut up, imprison in d. [f. F donjon f. LL
pensed with in dining-room; d. barge, craft, domnionem nom. -o f. domnus for L dominus
without sails or motive power d.-bcll, short ; lord doublet of dominion]
;

bar with weight at each end used in pairs for du'ng'hill, n. Heap of dung or refuse in
exercising muscles, v.i., use these; d. well, farmyard (cock on his own d., household, parish,
sunk merely to carry off surface water). Hence •Sec., tyrant or bully ; d. cock &c, barn-door not
du'mbLY 2 (-mli) adv., du'mtaxEss n. [com.- game, whence d. as adj., craven).
Teut.OE dumb, cf. Du. dom, G dumm, stupid] du'niwa'ssal (doo-), n. (Sc). Highland
;

dumb 2 v.t, Maked. [f. prec]

, gentleman of secondary rank. [Gael, duine
dumbfou'nd (-nif-), v.t. Strike dumb, con- man, vasal noble]
found, nonplus, [dumb, confound] du'nlin, n. Red-backed sand-piper, [-ling l ]
du'mdum (bullet), n. Kind of soft-nosed du'nnage, n. Mats, brushwood, gratings,
bullet that expands & inflicts laceration. [D. &c, stowed under or among cargo to prevent
in India, with cantonment & arsenal] moisture &
[earlier din-, etym. dub. ]
chafing,
du'mmy, n. & a. (Whist) imaginary fourth du'nnock, Hedge-sparrow, [dun 1 -ock]
n. ,

player whose hand is turned up & played by duodecimal, a. & n. Of twelve or twelfths,
partner (d. whist or d., game so played double ; proceeding by twelves (n. pi.) cross-multipli- ;
d., game with two such hands) person taking ; cation, method used for lengths given in feet,
no real part, or present only for show, figure- inches, & twelfths of inch, used by painters &c.
head, mere tool, man of straw dolt, block- ; [f. L duodecimus twelfth + -al]
head counterfeit object, sham package &c,
; duodecimo, n. (usu. 12mo). Book-size in
elothes-block, lay figure, man's figure for rifle which each leaf is 1/12 of printing-sheet ; book
practice, &c. ; (adj.) sham, [dumb 1 + -y 3 ] of this size ; diminutive thing or person. [L (in)
dump 1
, n. Short thick object of various duodecimo abl. see prec]
kinds: leaden counter used in games; obs. duode'napy, a. Proceeding by twelves, in
Australian coin, (slang) small coin (not xcorth a sets of twelve, [f. L dxiodenarius (chiodeni
d.) ; kind of bolt in ship-building rope quoit ; twelve at once, -ary l )]
for game on board ship ; kind of skittle ; kind duode'num, n. (anat.). First portion of
of sweetmeat short stout person, [prob. back-
; small intestine immediately below stomach.
formation f. dumpy] Hence duode'nAL a., duodeniTis n. [med.
dump 2 , v.t. & i., &
n. Shoot, deposit, tilt L (duodeni see prec, from its length of 12 in.)]
down, (rubbish) with a bump (Com- ; let fall ; du'olog'ue (-6g), n. Conversation between
merc.) send (goods unsalable at high price in two persons, dramatic piece with two actors,
liome market) to foreign market for sale at low [irreg. f. Gk duo two, after monologue}
price, to avoid lowering home price & capture duo' mo (dwo-), n. -Italian cathedral. [It.)
new market drop down (t, & i.) with a thud
;
; dupe, n., & v.t. Victim of deception, gull
laud (superfluous immigrants) in foreign coun- hence du*pERY(2) n. (Vb) cheat, make a fool
 ;; ;;;

DUPLEX 257 DUTY

of; hence du'pABLE a.,dupaBi*LiTY, du*p- (humbled in, to, the d.); confusion, turmoil,
er 1 , nn. [F, etym. dub.] excitement, row, contest, (make, raise, a d. ;
du'plex, a. Of two elements, twofold, (d. d. & heat, the burden of a struggle) (slang) ;

gas-burner, with two jets combining into one cash d.-brand, disease of corn, smut d.-cloak,
; ;

flame; d. lamp, with two wicks). [L, gen. -coat, -gown, -wrap, -cloth, worn or put over
-plicis (duo two, plic- fold)] objects to keep off d. d.-colour, dull light ;

du'plicate x
(-at), a. & n. With two corre- brown d.-guard, in machine, or on bicycle to
;

sponding parts, existing in two examples protect dress dustman, =sandotow; dustpan,
;

doubled, twice as large or many d. proportion, ; into which d. is brushed from floor d.-shot, ;

ratio, proportion of squares in relation to that smallest-sized shot. Hence du'stLESS a. [OE
of their radicals exactly like a thing already
; dust, cf. MDu. donst, G dunst vapour] &
existing (of any number of copies or specimens). dust 2, v.t. i. &
Sprinkle with d. or powder
(N.) one of two things exactly alike, esp. that (intr., of birds, take d.-bath d. the eyes of, de- ;

made after the other second copy, with equal ; ceive, take in); make dusty; sprinkle (d.,
legal force, of letter or document second copy ; powder) ; clear of d. by brushing, wiping, or
of bill drawn in two parts, second of exchange ; beating (d. one's jacket, beat him); clear away
pawnbroker's ticket one of two or more speci- ; (d. &c.T, clear furniture of d. [f. prec]

mens of thing exactly or virtually alike ; du'step, n. Cloth for dusting furniture &c.
synonym exact correspondence between two
; person who does this, [-er *]
[f. L as foil., -ate ] du'sting", n. In vbl senses esp. (slang),
things (made in d.). 2 ;

du'plicate 2 , v.t. Double, multiply by two ;

thrashing, tossing in storm at sea. [-ing *]
make in d., make exact copy of, produce copies du'sty, a. Full of, strewn with, finely pow-
of, whence du'plicatoR 2 (2) n. Hence dupli- dered like, dust dry as dust, uninteresting ;

ca'tion n. [f. L duplicare (duplex, -ate 3 )] (slang) not so d., fairly good d. miller, plant ;

dupli'city, n. Double-dealing, deceitfulness auricula, artificial fishing-fly. Hence du'sti-

doubleness. [f. F duplicite" f. L duplicitatem ly 2 adv., du'stiNESS n. [-Y 2]
(DUPLEX, -TV)] Dutch, a. & n. (Hist. ) of Germany including
dup'able, a. Lasting, not transitory re- ; Netherlands (High D., of Southern Germans,
sisting wear, decay, &c. Hence dupaBi'LiT y, LowD., of Germans of sea-coast, Netherlands,
dup'ableNESs, adv. [F, f.
nn., dup'abLY 2 & Flanders) of the language or people of Hol-
;

L durabi!is_(durare f. durus hard, -able)] land & Netherlands (D. school, of painters dis-
dur'a ma'ter, n. (anat.). Tough outer mem- tinguished by artistic treatment of everyday
brane enveloping brain spinal cord. [med.L, & subjects the D., people of Holland & Nether-
;

=hard mother, transl. of Arab, phrase] lands) coming from Holland, made or invented
;

dup'ance, n. Imprisonment (usu. in d. vile). by the D., (D. clock, chair, cheese, oven) ;

[earlier sense endurance ; F (durer last f. L characteristic of or attributed to the D. (D.

durare see durable, -ance)] auction, courage). (N.) (Hist) the German :

dupa'tion, n. Continuance in, length of, language in any of its forms (High D., German ;
time time for which thing continues, [obs. F,
; Low I)., Low German including language ol
f. LL durationem (prec, -ation)] Holland & other northern varieties) language ;

dup'bap, n. Indian ruler's court; public of Holland & Netherlands (double D. gibberish); ,

levee of Indian prince or Anglo-Ind. governor [f. MDu. dutsch Hollandish, Netherlandish,
or viceroy, [f. Pers^ & Hind, darbar court] German, = G deutsch German, f. diutisc OHG
dup'ess(e) (or dure's), n. Forcible restraint, popular, vulgar, national, (diota people cf. OE
imprisonment compulsion, esp. imprisonment,
; thiod) in E the sense has narrowed f. Teutonic
:

threats, or violence, illegally used to force per- to Hollandish ; in G & Du., from Teutonic to-
son to do something (under d. plea of d., for ; German]
voiding contract so made), [obs. F (-e), f. L Du'tchman, n. (pi. -men, fern, -ivomanf-
durjJtia (durus hard, -ESS 2 )] Hollander or Netherlander (or I'm a D., Tni a
dup'ingr, prep. Throughout, at some point D. if —
forms of positive & negative assevera-
,

in, the continuance of. [part, of obs. dure last, tion) Dutch ship (Flying D., spectral ship, also
;

used in abs. construction after F f. L L vita ; certain express train on G. W.R.).

durante, OF vie durant, E life d. or d. life] duteous, a. Dutiful, obedient, (of person or
dup'mast, n. Kind of oak. [etym. dub. cf. ; conduct). Hence du'teousLY 2 adv., du'te-
mast fruit of forest tree] ousness n. [duty + -ous, cf. beatdeous]
durn, v.t. = darn 2 . du'tiable, a. Liable to customs or other
du*ppa,dh-,(ddb-), n. Indian millet, [f. Arab. duties, [-able]
durah] du'tiful, a. Regular or willing in obedience
dupst. See dare. & service. Hence du'tifulLY 2 adv., du*ti-
dusk, n., a., & v.i. & t. Shade, gloom darker ; fulNESS n. [foil. + -ful]
stage of twilight. (Adj., poet.) shadowy, dim, du'ty, Behaviour due to superior, defer-
n.
dark-coloured, whence du'skiSH 1 a., & (in ence, expression of respect ; payment to public
ordinary use) du'skv 2 a., du'skiLv 2 adv., revenue levied on import, export, manufacture,
du'skiNESS n. Vb, poet. become, look, make,
( ) or sale, of goods (customs, excise, dd.), trans-
dim or dark or shadowy, [n. f. much earlier adj. fer of property (death, probate, succession,
ME dose f. OE dox, cf. Norw. dusk mist] stamp, dd. ), licences, legal recognition of docu-
dust n. Finely powdered earth or other
1
, ments, &c. (d. is levied on article or transaction,
matter 1 yingon ground or on surfaces or carried tax usu. on persons) ; moral or legal obligation,
about in clouds by wind (shake off the d. of what one is bound or ought to do (d. call, visit
one's feet, depart indignantly throw d. in one's ; one would rather not but feels bound to pay)
eyes, mislead him by misrepresentation or binding force of what is right ; business, office,
diverting attention from point bite the d., fall ; function, performance of or engagement in
wounded or slain) household refuse (dustbin, ; these (on, off, d., actually so engaged or not),
d.-hole, receptacles for this dustman, scaven- ; (Eccl.) performance of church services (tookmy
ger who empties these) pollen (with a) cloud ; ; d. for me) ; (Mech.) measure of engine's effec-
of d. (what a d. !, a great d., make or raise ad.); tiveness in units of work done per unit of fuel;
dead person's remains (honoured d. also in the ; do d. for, serve or pass for (something else)
d., dead) ; the human body, man ; humiliation d.-paid, -free, of goods on which customs or
F.D. 9
 ; ;;
;

DUUMVIR 258 EACH

excise d. has been paid or is not leviable. [AF cluding statics, which deals with equilibrium
duett (no corresp. F) see due l, -ty] under action of force, & kinetics formerly called
duu'mvip, n. (pi. -s, -i). Member of board of d., which deals with force as producing or af-
two equal officials. Hence duirmvirATE 1 n. fecting motion), whence dynamist 2 [-ist(3)]
[L, lit. man of the two] (& see dynamic) n. branch (of any science) in
;

du'vet (F), n. Eider-down quilt. which forces are considered moving forces, ;

dux, n. (no pi.). Top boy in class (chiefly Sc).
dwarf (-awf), n., a., & v.t. Person, animal,
or plant, much below ordinary size of species,
whence dwarfish a., dwar*fishLY 2 adv.,1
dwap'fishNESS n.; small supernatural being
in esp. Scandinavian mythology skilled in me-
tal-working. (Adj.) undersized (in many plant
names) ; puny, stunted. (Vb) stunt in growth,
or in intellect &c. ; make look small by con-
trast or distance. (com.-Teut. OE dweorh, cf.
Du. dwerg, G zwerg]
&
dwell, v.i. (dwelt), n. Keep one's attention
fixed, write or speak at length, (up)on subject
(d. xipon note, syllable, &c, prolong it) make
one's abode, spend one's time, live, in, at, near,
on, &c. (now usu. live in talk) (of horse) be
slow in raising feet, pause before taking fence
(n., mech.) slight regular pause for some pur-
physical or moral, in any sphere, [-ics]
dynamite, n., v.t. &
High explosive of
nitro-glycerine mixed with inert absorbent;
(vb) shatter with d. [Gk dunamis force, -ite]
dynamiter, -ard, nn. User of explosive
esp. for revolutionary purposes. So dynamr-
tica,, dynamitiSM(l), dynamitiST(l), nn.
[prec, -er 1 ; -ard after F communard (-ard)]
dynamo-, comb, form of Gk dunamis power,
as in d.-electric=oi current (formerly dynamic)
; electricity, also = converting mechanical into
electric energy.
dynamo, n. (pi. -os). Machine converting
mechanical into electric energy by rotating coils
; of copper wire in magnetic field, [short for
d.-electric machine, see prec]
; dynamo'meter, n. Kinds of instrument
measuring energy expended by animal, engine,
or mechanical force gauge for telescope's ;

pose in motion of machine. [OE divellan]ea,d a- magnifying-power. [dynamo-, -meter]

stray, delay, be delayed, cf.OHG twellan retard, dy'nast, n. Ruler, member of a dynasty,
MDu. dwellen stun ; also Skr. dhur mislead] [f. LL f. Gk dunastes (dunamai be able)]
dwe'ller, n. Inhabitant, resident in, on, &c. dynasty, n. Line of hereditary rulers. So
horse that dwells at fence, [-er 1 ]
dwelling , n. In vbl senses ; also place of
1 dyna'stic a., dyna'stiCALLY adv. [f. F dy-
residence, house ; d.-house, used as residence,
:
nastie f. LL f. Gk dunasteia lordship (prec)]
not as office, warehouse, &c. d.-place, - d. [-ing *]
;
dyne, n. (physics). Unit of force (the amount
dwi'ndle, v.i. Become smaller, shrink, waste that.acting for one second on one-gramme mass,
away; lose importance, decline, degenerate, gives it velocity of one centimetre per second).
[obs.dwine, OE dwinan, cf. OX dvina, Du. ver-
[F, f. st. of Gk dunamis force]
dwijnen, vanish, + -le(3)] dys-, pref. = Gk dus- bad-, opp. eu- good-,
dyad (-ad), n. group of chiefly in medical or other scientific words taken
The number two
two, couple; (Chem.) atom, radical, or ele- f. Gk or made with Gk elements.
;

ment, with combining-power of two atoms of dysentery, n. Disease with inflamed mu-
hydrogen. Hence dya'dic a. [f. L f. Gk duas cousmembrane & intestinal glands, griping
ad- (duo two, -ad)] pains,& mucous & bloody evacuations. So
dye 1 (dl), n. Colour produced by or as by dysente'ric a. [f. OF dissenterie f. L f. Gk
dyeing, tinge, hue, (also fig., crime, scoundrel, of dusenteria (dys-, entera bowels)]
blackest, deepest, d.) matter used for dyeing,
;
dyslogi'stie (-j-), a. Disapproving, oppro-
colouring-matter in solution d.-stujf, -ware, brious, (of sense in which term is used). Hence
;

•wood, yielding d.; d.-house, -works, where dye- dyslogi'stiCALLY adv. [dys- + (eu)logistic)]
ing is done. lOE diag] dyspepsia, -sy, n. Indigestion, [f. L f. Gk
dye , v.t. & i. (dyed part, dyeing). Colour,
2 dyspepsia (duspeptos see foil.)]
;

stain, tinge impregnate (tissue) with colouring-

;
dyspeptic, a. & n. (Person) subject to or
matter (d. in the xvool, in grain, while material suffering from dyspepsia of or for dyspepsia ;

is in raw state, giving more permanent result); depressed, gloomy, (as) with dyspepsia, [f. Gk

make (thing) such a colour (d. cloth red, a rose duspeptos hard to digest (dys-, pesso cook,
colour, &c); (of material) take colour well, digest) + -ic]
badly, &c. [OE deagian (prec.)]
dyer, n. One who dyes cloth &c. (dyer's in
many names of plants yielding dye, as d.'s bu- E
gloss, broom, oak), [-er 1 ] E, e, (e), letter (pi. Es, E's). (Mus.) note, & cor-
dying-, n. In vbl senses of die 2 esp. (attrib.) resp. scale second-class ship in Lloyd's register.
; ;

connected with, at time of, death (d. bed, de- Abbreviations (1) east, as E.N.E., E. by N., :

claration, wish), [-ing 1 ] (north), E.S.E., E. by S., (south), E., E.C.

dyke. See dike. (central), London postal districts E.R. (et I.), ;

dyna'mie, a. & n. Of motive force (cf static) Edvardus Rex (et Imperator), Edward King.
;
of force in actual operation (cf. potential) ac- (& Emperor); English, as E.C.U. (Church ;
tive, potent, energetic; of dynamics; (Med.) Union) E. (& O.) E., errors (& omissions) ex- ;

functional (cf. organic); (Philos.) accounting cepted e.g., exempli gratia, for example. ;
for matter or mind as being merely the action Abbreviations (2): Ebor., Abp of York;
of forces, so dynamisM(3), dynamist 1 Eccl(es)., Ecclesiastes Ecclus, Ecclesias- ;

[-IST(2)] (& see dynamics), nn. (n.) energizing ticus Eph.(esians)

; Esth.(er) ete.(etera) ; ; ;

or motive force, [f. F dynamique f. Gk dunami- exe.(ept) Exod.(us) Exon., Bp of Exeter ; ;

kos (dunamis power, -ic)] exor, exrx, executor, -trix Ezek.(iel). ;

dyna'mieal, a. Of dynamics; of force or e-, pref. Shortened form of ex-(1).

mechanical power actively operative (Theol., each, a. & pron. (Of two or more) every (one)
;
of inspiration) endowing with divine power, taken separately, as e. man has two votes, e. of
not impelling mechanically of dvnamism (see us has two votes, we have two votes e., they cost
;

prec). Hence dyna*miealLv2adv. [-al] a penny e., e. is worse than the one before they ;

dyna*mies, n. pi. used as sing. Branch of hate e. other, e. hates the other sides of two ;

physics treating of the action of force (now in- triangles are equal e. to e. (a side of one to the
 ; ;;

EAGER 259 EAST

corresponding side of the other). [OE has (1) xlc (ge-)earnian f. OTeut. aznojan (aznd field-
(cf. OHG eogilih,G jeglich) perh. i.*aiwon galiko labour, cf. G ernte harvest)]
ever alike, (2) gehwilc (cf. OHG gihwelih, & see earnest 1 (ern-), a. n. Serious, zealous, &
y- & which), (3) xghwilc (cf. OHG eogihwelih, not trifling; ardent (desire &c); in e., seri-
& see aye)] ously), not jesting(ly). Hence eap'nestLY-
ea'gep, a. Full of keen desire strongly de- ; adv., eap nestNESS#
n. [OE eorncste a. f. eor-
sirous (to do, for, after, about, &c); (of passions nust n. (cf. G ernst) perh. f. root ers seen in obs.
&c.) keen, impatient (archaic) e. (cold) air.
; erre anger]
Hence ea'g-ePLY 2 adv., ea'g-ePNESS n. [f. OF eap'nest 2 (ern-), n. Money paid as instal-
aigre keen, f. L acrem (norn. acer)] ment, esp. to confirm contract &c. [prob. conn,
ea'gle, n. Large bird of prey, with keen vision w. erles, arles(-penny) f. L *arrhula dim of
& powerful flight figure of this, esp. as ensign
; arrha]
of Roman or French arrny,or as lectern inchurch; eap-ning-, n. In vbl senses, esp. (pi.) money
(U.S.) double-e., coin worth twenty dollars e.- ; earned, [-ing l
]
e yed,keen-sighted; e. -o wl, largest European owl. earth* n. (pi. only as below).
(er-), The
[f. OF aiglc f. L aquila] ground, as it fell to e. (w. pi.) hole of badger, ;
ea*g*let, n. Young eagle, [f. F aiglettc (as fox, &c. the dry land land & sea opp. the
; ;

prec, see -et 1 )] (material) heaven this world opp. heaven or ;

eagre Large tidal wave, esp.

(a'ge?*, e-), n. hell (why &c. on e. ? why ever?) (w. pi.) soil, ;
in the Humber, Trent, and Severn. [?] mould (Chem., w. pi.) any of certain metallic
;

-ean, suf. of adjj. & nn.(also -aean,-cian), with oxides, uninflammable, & having little taste or
sense 'of, belonging to, like'; = -an w. end of smell (Electr., w. pi.) communication with e.
;

stem, usu. Gk -ai(os),

h-ae(us), or Gk -ei(os), L as completion of circuit; e.-born, of mortal
-ei{us) ; -aean chiefly in unfamiliar wds as As- race, (Myth.) emerging from e. at birth e.- (sub- ;

craean, Achaean ; -eian (apart from Gk &

L as stitute for water i-) closet; e.-light, -shine, par-
Pompeian Sec.) is used w. E names in -cy, -y, as tial illumination of dark part of moon bv
Bodleian, Rugbeian ; -ean is pron. with e (Taci- light from e.; e.-nut, pig-nut other plants"; &
tean, empyrean), exc. in familiar adjj. as Pro'- earthwork, bank of e. used in fortification
tean, Hercu'lean, (-Ian), but &.%)ygmean ; some earthworm, worm living in ground, (fig.) gro-
have -ean incorrectly for -ian {antipodean), &
velling person. Hence eap'thwARD(s) adv.
some vary betw. the two (Aristotelean, -ian). [com.-Teut. OE eorthe, Du. aarde, G erde] :

ear J , n. Organ of hearing, esp. external part earth 2, v.t. & i. Cover (roots of plants) with
of this faculty of discriminating sound, as an heaped-up earth drive (fox) to earth ; (intr., of
; ;

e. for music ; ear-shaped thing, esp. handle of fox) run to earth, [f. prec]
pitcher; bring (storm, hornet's nest, &c.) about eap'then, a. Made of earth ; made of baked
one's ee.; prick up one's ee., assume expectant clay, [-en 5]
attitude I would, give my ee., make any sacri-
; earthenware, n. (often attrib.). Vessels
fice {for a. thing, to do); over head and ee., deeply &c. made of baked clay ; baked clay, [ware]
immersed in (lit. & fig.): set (persons), be, by the ee. eap'thly, a. Of the earth, terrestrial ; (col-
(at variance) a word in your e. (in private) ; be loq.) no e. use, no use at all. Hence eap'tnli-
;

all ee. (deeply attentive) ; it goes in at one e. &

ness n. [-LY 1 ]
out at the other, it leaves no impression ; give e., earthquake, n. Volcanic convulsion of
listen to ; have a person's e. (favourable atten- earth's surface (fig.) social or other disturbance. ;

tion) were your ee. burning last night ? (we

; eap'thy, a. Like, of, earth or soil; (fig.) grossly
were talking about you) ; sent him away with material. Hence eap'thiNESS n. [-Y 2]
a flea in his e., told him some home truths &c; eap'wig , n., v.t. (-gg-).
1
Insect once held &
e.-ache, pain in drum of e. ; e.-mark, (n.) mark to get into the head through the ear ; (v.t.) influ-
on e. of sheep &c. as sign of ownership, (fig.) ence (person) by secret communications, [(vb f.
mark of ownership, (v.t.) mark (sheep &c.) with n.) OE earwicga, (eare ear 1 + wicga earwig)]
this, (fig.) assign (fund &c.)to definite purpose; ease 1 (ez), n. Freedom from pain or trouble ;

e.-ring (worn in lobe of ear for ornament) ; e.- freedom from constraint, as at one's e. ; (Mil.)
shot, hearing-distance, as within, o ut of, e.-shot stand at e. (in informal attitude, with right foot
;

e. -trumpet, tube used by persons partly deaf drawn back taking most of body's weight) &
e.-wax, viscid secretion in e. Hence (-)eaPED 2 relief from pain ; chapel of e.
, facility, esp. ;

eap # LESS,aa. [com.-Teut.: OEeare.Go^?-; cogn. with e. Hence ea'seLESS a. [f. OF aise (cf. It.
w. L auris, Gk ous] agio etym. dub.]
ear 2, n. Spike, head, of corn, containing its ease L\ v.t. i. Relieve from pain &c. ; give &
flowers or seeds. [OE ear (cf G dhre, Du. aar), mental ease to (person, oneself, one's mind)
.

cogn. w. L acus -eris husk] (facet.) rob (person o/his purse &c.) ; relax, ad-
eap'ing", n. (naut.). Small rope (one of several) just, (what is too tight) (Xaut.) slacken (rope, ;

fastening upper corner of sail to yard, [ear + sail, away, down, off), e. her, reduce speed of en-
1
-ing 1 ; ov—ear-ring\ gine (intr. e. off, become less burdensome, [f.
; )

earl (erl), n. (fern, countess). Nobleman rank- prec. F had aaisier = It. AD(agiare, see prec.)]
;

ing between marquis &

viscount (cf. count 3 ea'seful, a. Comfortable, soothing ; at rest
) ;

E. Marshal, officer presiding over Herald's slothful. Hence ea*sefulLY 2 adv., ea'seful-
College &c. Hence eap'lDOM n. [OE eorl, cf. ness n. [-FUL]
OX earl, jarl] ea'sel (-zl), n. Wooden frame to support pic-
eap*ly(er-),a. &adv. Absolutely or relatively ture, blackboard, &c. [f. Du. e^eZ^GcseZass]
near to the beginning of a portion of time, as an ea'semeat, n. (Law) right of way or similar
e. visit, e. risers, rise e.,keep e. hours (rise &
go right over another's ground ; supplementary
to bed e.), e. peaches (maturing e. in the year), building, shed, &c. ; (archaic) relief from pain
E. English style.^x an e. date (not long hence), or burden, [f. OF aisement (as ease 2 -ment)] ,

at your earliest convenience, (as soon as jx ou east, adv.-, n. a. (To wards, at, near) the point ,

conveniently can), the e.part (beginning) of the of the horizon where the sun rises (90° to right
century. Hence eap'liNESS n. [(adj. f. adv.) of North) ; to the e. (of), in an eastward direc-
OE drlice (ar posit, degree of xr ere, -ly 2 )] tion (from) ; e. (wind), wind blowing from the
earn (ern), v.t. (Of person, action, conduct. e. ; eastern part of the world, orient far E., ;

&c.) obtain as reward of labour or merit. [OE China, Japan, &c; near E., Turkey ; E. indies;
 ;;; ;

EASTER 260 ECLECTIC

E. End, eastern part of London. Hence ea'st- e'bpious, a. Drunk given to, suggestive of, ;

WARDa. &n., ea'stWARD(s) ad v. [OE(l) eastern drunkenness, [f. L ebrius + -ous]

(cf. Du. oost, G osten) t OTeut. austono from the ebu'llient, a. Boiling; exuberant. So ebu'l-
east {aus- seen in L aurora dawn), (2) east perh. Hence, -ency, nn. [f. L K(bullire -it- boil), -ent]
shortened f. *easter eastwards] ebulli'tion, n. Boiling effervescence (fig.) ; ;

Ea'step, n. Festival of Christ's resurrection, sudden outburst (of passion, war, &c). [f. L
corresponding to Passover, & observed on 1st ebullitio (as prec, see -ion)]
Sunday (E.-day, -Sunday) after calendar full ecapte^ (akarta), n. Card-game for two per-
moon on or after March 21 ; (also E.-week) week sons. [F (ecarter discard)]
commencing with E.-day; E.-eggs (painted & Ecce Ho'mo -
(e ksi), n. Picture of Christ
presented to friends at E.); E.-eve, day before wearing crown of thorns. [L, = behold the man
E.-day. [OE iastre perh. f. Eostre, dawn- (John xix. 5)]
goddess (aus-, see prec.)] eeee'ntpie (iks-), a. & n. Not concentric (to
ea'steply, a. &adv. In an eastern position or another circle) not placed, not having its axis
;

direction (coming) from the east, as e. wind.

;
&c. placed, centrally (of orbit) not circular;

[f. obs. easter (perh. compar. of east) + -ly *] (of heavenly body) moving in an e. orbit ir- ;

ea'stern, a. & n. Of, dwelling in, the east regular odd, whimsical (n., Mech.) e. contriv-
; ;

part of the world E. Church (Greek) E. ques-; ; ance for changing rotatory into backward-&-
tion, political problem relating to E. Europe, forward motion, esp. for slide-valve of steam-
esp. Turkey; lying towards the east; (n.) in- engine e. strap, rod, parts of this. Hence ee-
;

habitant of the East, member of E. Church. ce'ntPiCALLY adv., eeeentpi'eiTY n. [f. LL

Hence ea'stern.MOST a. [OE easterne (see eccentricus f. Gk ekkentros (ek out of + kentron
EAST & -ERN)] centre), see -ic]
ea'sting-, n. (naut). Course gained to the eccle'sia (-z-), n.(Gk Ant.). Regular assembly
eastward; easterly direction, [-ing ] 1
(esp. of Athenian citizens). [med.L, f. Gk ek-
ea'sy (-zi), a., adv., n. Free from pain, discom- klesia (ekkaleo call out) ; in later Gk- church]
fort, annoyance, anxiety, &c; e. circumstances, eccle'siast, n. Member of Athenian eccle-
affluence freefromembarrassment or stiffness,
; sia ; ' the Preacher ', Solomon, regarded as au-
as e. manners, free e. (not stiff, not strict)& thor of Eccles.). [f. Gk ekklesiastes (as prec.)]
not difficult (to do, or abs.) easily persuaded, ; ecclesia'stic, n. & a. Clergyman ; (adj. . now
compliant; (Commerc, of commodity) not rare) = foil. Gk
ekklesiastikos (as prec.)]
[f.

much in demand, (of market) not showing
eager demand, (cf. tight) (adv.) in an e. man-
ner, as take it e., proceed comfortably (as com-
mand) e. /, move gently, e. all !, stop (prop, row-
ing), whence ane., a short rest e.-chair, one de-
signed for comfort, usu. with arms e.-going, (of
horse) having an e. gait, (of person) fond of com-
fort, indolent. Hence ea'siLY 2 adv., ea'si-
ness n. [f. OF aisle p.p. of aisier ease 2J
eat, v.t. & i. (past ate, eat, pron. et p.p. eaten,
pron. etn). Masticate & swallow (solid food)
ecclesia'stical, a. Of the church or the
;
clergy; E. Commission(ers),body administering
; part of Church of England revenues. Hence
or cogn. eeclesia'stiealLY 2 adv., ecelesi-
; a'stieiSM n. [-al]
; eeclesio'logy, n. Science of churches, esp.
of church building & decoration. Hence ee-
elesiolo*gric(AL) aa., ecclesio'logiST n. [f.
ECCLESIA + -o- + -logy]
; e'edysis, n. Casting off (esp. of slough in
serpents &c. also fig.) slough, [f. Gk ekdusis
; ;

swallow (soup) e. one's words, retract them in

; (ckduo put off)]
humiliating manner e. one's terms, be study- ; echelon (e'shelon, or as F), n., v.t. Forma- &
ing for the bar; e. humble pie e. (person) out ; tion of troops in parallel divisions, each with
of house &
home, ruin him by eating (lit. & fig.) its front clear of that in advance ; in e. (or F en
all he has; horse &c. eats its head off, costs L), so drawn up ; (v.t.) draw up thus, [(vb f. n.)
more to feed than it is worth (intr. as pass.) the ;
f.F Echelon (echelle ladder f. L scala, see -oon)|
cakes e. crisp destroy, consume, as e. one's
; echi'dna (ek-), n. Australian toothless bur-
heart out, suffer silently; e. away, destroy rowing animal like hedgehog, [f. Gk ekhidna
gradually (lit. & fig.); e. up, consume com- viper]
pletely, waste, (lit. & fig.), absorb, as eaten up e'ehinite (ek-), n. Fossil echinoderm or sea-
with pride. Hence ea'tABLE a. & n. (usu. pi.). urchin, [f. ECHINUS + -ITE 1
]
[com.-Teut. : OE etan, Du. eten, G essen] echinoderm (iki*-, e'ki-), n. Class of animals
ea'tingr, n. In vbl senses; e.-house, restau- including sea-urchins, [as foil. + derm]
rant. [-ING 1 ] echi'nus (-k-), n. Sea-urchin, animal inhabit-
eau (6), n. E.-de-Cologne, perfume made at ing spheroidal prickly shell, [f. L f. Gk ekhinos
Cologne e.-de-Luce, an antidote to snake-bites
; hedgehog, sea-urchin]
e. -de-vie, brandy. [F, = water] echo 1 (e'ko), n. Repetition of sound by re-
eaves, n. (now pi.). Overhanging edge of roof flexion of sound-waves E. cause of this person- ; ,

or thatch eavesdrop, stand under this to listen

; ified close imitation; obsequiousimitator or ad-
;

to secrets eavesdropper, one who does this

; herent artifice by which last syllables of one
;

(usu. fig.). [OE efes (cf. dial. G obsen), prob. f. verse are taken up by next. Hence e'eho-
same root as over -s being now taken as pi. ; less a. [f. L f. Gk ekho, conn. w. ekhe sound]
eave sometimes used for sing.]
is e'eho 2, v.i. & t. (Of places) resound with an
ebb, n. Reflux of tide, as e. flow, e.-tide & ; echo; (of sounds) be repeated, resound (trans.) ;

decline, decay, as at a low e. (v.i.) flow back, ; repeat (sound) by echo repeat (another's ;

recede, decline, decay. [OE (ebbian vb f.) ebba words), imitate the words or opinions of (per-
(cf. Du. eb, ebbe), etym. dub.] son), [f. prec]
e'bon, a. (poet.). Made of, black as, ebony. e'ehoism, n. = onomatopoeia, [-ism]
[f. L f. Gk ebenos, perh. of oriental orig.] eclaircissement (F), n. Clearing up, ex-
e'bonite, n. = vulcanite, [f. foil. + -ite ] 1 planation, (of conduct &c), as come to an e.
e'bony, n. & a. Kinds of hard black wood eelat(eklah'),n. Conspicuous success, general ;

(adj.) made of, black as, this. sHence e'bon- applause, as with great e. social distinction. [F] ;

ize(3) v.t. [ME hebenyf f. L hebeninus (perh. eele'etie, a. &

(Ancient philosopher) se-
n.
misread -ivus) f. Gk ebeninos ebon] lecting such doctrines as pleased him in every
ebprety, n. Drunkenness, [f. F ebriete f. L school (person) borrowing freely from various
;

ebrietatem (as foil., see -ty)J sources, not exclusive in opinion, taste, &c).
 ; ;

ECLIPSE 261 EDIFICE

Hence eele'etiCALLY adv., eele'ctieiSM(3) n. (rarely f. intr., commonly from trans, vbs) as

[f. Gk
eklektikos (eklego pick out, see -ic)] adjj., meaning when intr. 'that has done so-&-
eoli'pse , n. Interception of the light of a
l so' (vanished hand, fallen idol, escaped con-
luminous body (sun, moon, &c), by intervention vict) ; a special use, w. resultant force, is seen
of another body between it & the eye or be- in outspoken, well-read ; sometimes it is doubt-
tween, the luminous body and what it illumin- ful whether adjj. in -ed are trans, (or intr.) p.p.
ates annular, partial, total, e. depriva-
; ;
or belong to foil. : decayed may be that has
tion of light loss of brilliance or splendour
; ;
been decayed, that has decayed, or that is af-
periodical obscuration of light-house light. fected with decay ; reference to -ED l (2) is made
[OF, f. L f. Gk ekleipsis vbl n. f. ekleipo fail to only for the rare intr. p.p. adjj.
appear, be eclipsed (leipo leave)] -ed 2 (as prec), suf., distinct f. prec in OE
eeli'pse 2, v.t. (Of a heavenly body) obscure (-erfe), though perh. a form of the p.p. suf. in
another by passing between it & spectator or OTeut. (cf. caudatus tailed in L), appended to
between it and the source of its light intercept ; nn. to form adjj. meaning possessed of, affected
(light, esp. of light-house) ; (fig.) deprive of lus- with, &c, as talented, tvooded, diseased; esp.
tre, outshine, surpass, [f. prec] used to make adj. out of adj. n., usu. stressed &
ecli'ptic, a. &
n. Of eclipse ; (n.) sun's appar- (apart from demands of context) in attrib. use
ent orbit, [f. Lf. Gk
ekleiptikos (eclipse 1 -ic)] , on first component (a qui'ek-witted lad, me'tal-
eclogue Short poem, esp. pastoral
(-6g), n. cornered chest), in pred. use on second (he seems
dialogue, such as Virgil's Bucolies. [f. L f. Gk quick-wi'tted enough) exc where this is more or
ekloge selection (eklego pick out)] less otiose (ru'by, coffee, &c, -coloured, attrib.
& =
econd'mic, a. & n. Of economics ; main- pred.) ; sometimes ' having the ways of in- '

tained for profit; connected with industrial stead of simply ' having \ aj? bigoted, crabbed,
arts (n. pi.) practical science of the production
;
dogged ; sometimes indisting. f. prec (2).
& distribution of wealth, (also) condition of a eda'cious, a. Of eating greedy. So edl'- ;

country as to material prosperity, [f. L f. Gk cit y n.[f. L edax -acis (edere eat, see -acious)]

oikonomikos (see economy & -ic)] E'dda, n. (Older, Poetic, E.) collection of
econo'mical, a. Saving, thrifty ; relating to ancient Icelandic poems ; (Younger, Prose, E.)
economics or to political economy, [-al] miscellaneous handbook (c 1230) to Icelandic
economically, adv. Thriftily ; from an poetry, [perh. f. a name in an ON poem]
economic point of view, [-ly 2 ] eddy, n., & v.t. & i. Small whirlpool wind, ;

eco'nomist, n. Manager (of money &c.) fog,smoke, moving like this (v.t. & i.) whirl ;

thrifty person ; writer on economics or political round in ee. [?]

economy, [as economy + -ist] edelweiss (a'dlvis), n. Alpine plant with
economize, &
Use sparingly turn
v.t. i. ; white flower, growing in rocky places, [f. G
to the best account (intr.) practise economy,
;
edel noble + xoeiss white]
cut down expenses. Hence eeonomizA TiON E'den (e), #
Adam & Eve at their
n. Abode of
n. [as foil. + -ize] creation delightful abode state of supreme
; ;

eco'nomy, n. Administration of concerns & happiness, [f. Heb. *erfe?i orig. - delight]
resources of a community ; Political E., theory ede'ntate, a. &
n. (Animal) without incisor
of production &
distribution of wealth ; frugal- & canine teeth ; toothless (animal),2 [f. LE(rfe?i-
ity ; (w. pi.) instance of this ; (Theol.) judicious tatus f. dens -ntis tooth, see -ate ]
handlingof doctrine, whence (with play on sense edge J , n. Sharpened side of blade of cutting
frugality) e. of truth ; organization ; organized instrument or weapon ; sharpness of this, as
body, society, &c. [f. L f. Gk oikonomia f. the knife has no e. ; (fig.) effectiYenessJoi lan-
oikonomos steward (oikos house + -nomos I. guage &c), as this took the e. offTiis argument ;
nemo manage)] set (person's) teeth on e., cause unpleasant ting-
ecru* (-00, or as F Colour of un-
icru), n. ling in them (usu. fig.) ; e. -shaped thing, esp.
bleached linen. [F,= unbleached] crest of a ridge; (fig.) critical position or mo-
ecstasize, v.t. & i. Throw, go, into ecstasies, ment meeting-line of two surfaces of a solid ;
;

[f. -ize]
foil. + (Skating) do the inside, outside, e., skate On the
ecstasy, n. Exalted state of feeling, rap- inner, outer, e. of skates; boundary -line of sur-
ture, (esp. of delight) ; (Med.) morbid state of face ; brink (of precipice) ; e.-bone, see aitch-
nerves in which mind is occupied solely by one bone; e.-tool, cutting-tool (in fig. sense also
idea ; trance poetic frenzy, [f.
;
extasie f. OF edged tool). Hence edgeLESs a. [OE ecg (cf.
med.Lf. Gk ekstasis vbl n. f. existemi put (per- Du. egge edge, corner, G ecke, eck, corner) f.
son) out of (his senses)] root ak- whence L acies, Gk akis, point]
ecsta'tic, a. Of, subject to, producing, ecsta- &
edge 2, v.t. i. Sharpen (tool &c, also fig.)
sies (esp. of joy). Hence eesta'tiCALLY adv. e. on, = egg 2 on ; furnish with border, form bor-
[f. Gk ekstatikos (as prec, see -ic)] der to ; insinuate (thing, oneself) into, in, out,
eeto- in comb. =Gk ektos outside, as -plasm, off, &c; (intr.) advance obliquely, [f. prec]

outer layer of protoplasm, -zoon, external edgeways, -wise, adv. With edge upper-
parasite. most or foremost; (fig.) get a word in e. (in
ecumenical. See oecumenical. talkative person's silent interval) (of two ;

e'ezema, n. Inflammation of the skin, of things) edge to edge, [-ways, -wise]

several kinds, [f. Gk ekzema (ek out + zeo boil, edging", n. In vbl senses, esp. border,
see -m)] fringe ; e.-shears (for trimming edges of lawn).
-ed !, suf. forming p.p. of weak vbs (also -rf, [-INGl]
-t,as in sold, bought); -ed (now reduced in sound edgy, a. Sharp-edged ; (of painting) of too
to -d or -t except in -ded, -ted, in some bibl. sharp outline. [-Y 2 ]
wds, as blessed, in learned) was in OE -ed,
& edible, a. &n. (Thing) fit to be eaten. Hence
-ad, -od, ace. to vb class, -d alone being the par- ediBi'LiTY n. [f. LL edibilis (edere eat, see -ble)J
ticipialelement, f. OTeut. -do- f. Aryan -to- (cf. edict, n. Order proclaimed by authority.
Gk vbl adj. -tos, L p.p. -tus) -t is used in vbs ; Hence edi'ctAL a. [f. L edictum i. ^(dicere
that shorten in p.p. a long vowel of stem, as diet- say) proclaim]
crept, dreamt (dreamed if pronounced with e), edifice, n. Building (esp. large one also
;

and in some ending in -d after I, n, r, as gilt, fig.), [f. F edifice f. L aedificium (aedis temple
sent, girt. (2) p. pp. in -erf (and -en) are used + -jicium f . fdcere make)]
 ;; ;

EDIFY 262 EFFLUVIUM

edify, v.t. Benefit spiritually; improve e'ep. See ever.
morally (often iron.). So ediFiCA-TiON n. [f. eer'ie, -y, a, Superstitiously timid; strange,
F tdifier f. L aedifieare (as prec, see -fy)] weird. Hence eep'iLY 2 adv., eeP'iNESS n. [ME
edit, v.t. Prepare an edition of (another's eri, etym. dub.]
work) ;set in order for publication (material ef-, pref. = ex-(1) before/.
chiefly provided by others) ; garble, cook, (dis- effa'ee, v.t. Rub out (fig.) obliterate, wipe ;

patches &c. in newspaper) ; act as editor of out utterly surpass, eclipse treat, regard, one-
; ;

(paper &c). [(1) f. L E(dere dit- = dare give) self as unimportant. Hence effa'eeABLE a.,
put out (2) back-formation f. editor]
;
effa'eeMENT n. [f. F effacer f. L ex out +facies
edi'tion, n. Form in which a literary work face]
is published (library, cabinet, popular, e.); effect 1 , n. Result, consequence; efficacy,
whole number of copies of book, newspaper, as of no e. ; combination of colour or form in
&c, issued from same types & at same time, picture &c, as a pretty e. (pi.) property, as ;

[f. F edition f. L editionem (as edit, see -ion)] personal ee., no ee. (written by banker on dis-
edition de luxe (F), n. Handsome edition. honoured cheque) give e. to, take e., make, be- ;

Gdi'tio pri'nceps, n. First printed edition come, operative impression produced on spec- ;

of a book. [L] tator, hearer, &c, as calculated for e.; bring

editor, n. One who prepares the work of to, carry into, e., accomplish in e., for practi- ;

others for publication one who conducts a

; cal purposes. Hence effeetLESS n. [OF, f. L
newspaper or periodical. Hence e'ditopsmp, effectus -us f. EF(ficere feet- =facere make)]
e'ditPESs *, nn. [L (as edit, see -or 2 )] effe'et 2, v.t. Bring about, accomplish ;

editop'ial, a. & n. Of an editor (n.) news- e. (take out) a policy (of insurance), [f. prec]
;

paper article written by or under responsibility effective, a. & n. Having an effect e. ;

of the editor. Hence editoP'ialLY 2 adv. [-1 al] range (of weapon), range within which it is c;
e'ducate, v.t. Bring up (young persons) powerful in effect st riking (of soldiers or ; ;

give intellectual & moral training to provide sailors) fit for service actual, existing (n.) e.
; ; ;

schooling for train (person, oneself, a

; faculty, soldier, e. part of army. Hence effeetiveLY 2
to do) train (animals). Hence edueani'LiTV, adv., effe'etiveNESS n.
; [F (-if, -ive), f. L
e'ducatOR 2 nn., e'dueABLE, edueativE,
, effect 1 see -ive)]
effectivus (as ,

aa. hedncarc conn. w. educe, see -ate 3]

[f. effectual, a. Answering its purpose valid. ;

educa'tion, n. Bringing up (of the young) Hence effe*etualLY 2 adv., effeetualNESs n.

systematic instruction course of this, as ; [f. OF (-el) f. LL effectualis (effect *, -al)]
commercial, art, e. development of
classical, effectuate, v.t. Bring to pass, accomplish.
;

character or mental powers; training (of ani- Hence effeetUATiON n. [f. F effectuer (as
mals). Hence educa'tion al a., eduea*- effect 1 on anal, of actuate] ),

tion(al)iST(3) nn., educational ly 2 adv. effeminate (-at), a. Womanish, unmanly

[f. L educatio (as prec, see -ation)] voluptuous. Hence effeminACY n., effe'mi-
edu'ce, v.t. Bring out, develop, from latent nateuY 2 adv. [f. L EF(fcminare f. femina
or potential existence (Chem.) disengage (sub- woman), see -ate 2 ]
;

stance) from a compound infer (number, prin- effendi, n. Turkish title of respect applied
;

ciple, from data). Hence edu'eiBLE a. [f. L to government officials & members of learned
Eiducere duct- lead)] professions, [f. Turk, efendi lord, corrupt, of
e'duet, n. (Chem.) body disengaged from Gk atdhentes (see authentic)]
another in which it previously existed ; in- e'fferent, a. (physiol.). Conveying outwards,
ference, [as prec] discharging, [f. L EF(ferre carry), see -ent]
edu'ction, n. Educing (in steam-engine) ; effervesce (-es), v.i. Give off bubbles of gas,
e.-pipe, -valve, &c, exhaust J -pipe &c [f. L bubble, (often fig. of persons) (of gas) issue in ;

eductio (as prec, see -ion)] bubbles. Hence effepve'scENCE, -ency, nn.,
edu'leopate, v.t. Free from acrid proper- effepve'seENT a. [f. L ef (fervescere incept.
ties or from soluble particles, purify. Hence otfervere be hot)]
edulcoPATiON n. [f. L E(dulcorarc f. dulcor effete, a. Exhausted, worn out ; feeble,
sweetness f. didcis), see -ate 3 ] incapable. Hence effeteNESS n. [f. L EFfetus
-ee, suf. forming nn. expr. the person affected worn out by breeding (fetus)]
by the vbl action, corresp. to agent nn. in -or, efnea'cious, a. (Of thing) producing, sureto
prop, in legal terms {lessee, vendee) on anal, of produce, desired effect. Hence or cogn. effi-
A.Y(apelour, apcU, summoner, summoned), but ea'eiousLY 2 adv., effiea'eiousNESs, e*fn-
extended to the indirect obj. now also in non- cacy, nn. [f. L eMcax (as foil., -acious)]
;

techn. wds, & without corresp. -or, as employ- efficient, a. Productive of effect (of per- ;

ee, payee & without consciousness of its mean-

; sons) competent, capable e. cause, that which ;

ing, as bargee, absentee a few wds are adop- makes a thing what it is. Hence or cogn.
;

tions f. mod. F -^, -ie, as debauchee, refugee. In effi'eiENCY n., efll'eientLY " adv. [F, f. L, as
committee (orig. a person), accent has changed effect 1 see -ent] ,

with meaning. {Epopee is not an instance in effigy, n. Portrait, image hang, burn, (per-
; ;

coatee, -ee perh. =-y 3 ; in settee, goatee, -ee is un- son) in e., hang, burn, his image, [f. F effigie f.
explained). [AF -i of p.n. f. L -atus] L effigies(EFfingere fashion)]
eel, n. A
snake-like fish ; (fig.) slippery crea- effloresce (-es), v.i. Bui'st out into flower
ture ; (pop.) minute animal found in vinegar & (lit. &
fig.); (Chem., of crystalline substance)
in sour paste ; c-buck 4 ; e.-spear (for transfix- turn to fine powder on exposure to air, (of salts)
ing ee.). Hence ee'lv 2 a. [com.-Teut. OF xl, : come to the surface &
there crystallize, (of
Du. & G aal] ground or wall) become covered with saline
e'en. See even 1 3 '
. particles. So efflopeseENCE n., efflope's-
-eep, suf. expr. person concerned with, f. L cent a. [f. L ef-(fiorescere flourish)]
-iarius or -arius -ary 1 F -ier is retained in ; effluence, n. Flowing out (of light, electri-
the less familiar wds (muleteer but bombar- city,&c, or fig.) what flows out. [foil., -ence]
;

dier) -eer is freely used for new nn. as auction-

; , e'ffluent, a. & n. Flowingforth (n.) stream ;

eer, mountaineer, often contempt., as sonnet- flowing from larger stream, lake, sewage tank,
eer. Vbs are also formed (electioneer) by back- &c [f. L EF(Jiuere flux- flow), see -ent]
formation on auctioneering &c. efflu*vium (-oo), n. (pi. -ia). Exhalation
 ;;;
;

EFFLUX 263 ELABORATE

affecting lungs or sense of smell ; (supposed) egression, n. Going out or forth, [f. L
stream of minute particles emitted by magnet egressio (as prec, see -iox)]
&c [LL, as prec. ] e'gpet (eg- or eg-), n.Lesser White Heron ;
e'fflux, n. Flowing out (of liquid, air, gas feathery down on seeds of dandelion, thistle,
also fig.); that which flows out. Hence ef- &c [var. of aigrette]
Hu'xion L effiuxus -us (as prec.)]
n. [f. Egyptian, a. & n. (Native) of Egypt E. ;

effort, Strenuous exertion (of oratory printing-type (thick-stemmed) =gipsv. [-lSn]

n. ; ;

&c.) display of power. [F, f. efforcer f. med.L Egy pto'logy, n. Study of Egyptian antiqui-
EXifprtiare f. foriis strong)] ties. So Egypto'LOGiST n. l-o-, -logy]
effortless, a. Making no effort, passive eh (a), int. expr. inquiry or surprise, or inviting
without effort, easy, [-less] assent. [ME ey]
effro'ntery (-unt-), n. Shameless audacity, ei'dep (I-), n. An Arctic species of duck e. ;

[f. F effronterie f. effronti, f. L 'ex( fronted us f. (-down), small soft feathers from breast of this,
frons -ntis forehead) shameless] [ult. f. Icel. xdar]
effu'lgent, a. Radiant. Hence eftirlgEXCE ei'dograph (I-), n. Instrument for enlarging
n., effu'lgentLY - adv. [f. L ef( fulgere shine), or reducing drawings, [f. Gk eidos form +
see -ent] graph 6 write]
effu'se * (-s), a. (Bot., of inflorescence) spread- eido'lon (i-), n. (pi. -ons, -a). Spectre, phan-
ing loosely; (Conch.) with lips separated by tom. [Gk, see idol]
groove, [as foil.] eight (at), a. & n. One more than seven (8,
effu'se- (-'/,), v.t. Pour forth (liquid, air, light, viii) crew of e. in rowing-boat; the Ee., boat- ;

smell also fig.), [f. L ef( fundere fus- pour)]

; races at Oxford & Cambridge between such
effu'sion (-zhn), n. Pouring forth (lit. & fig.) crews. Hence eighTH 2 (atth) a. & n., eigh'th-
unrestrained utterance (often contempt., of ly 2 adv. [com.-Teut. (OE ahta. Du. & G acht)
literary work), [f. L effusio (as prec, see -ion)] & Aryan (L & Gk okto, Skr. ashtdu)]
effu'sive (-s-), a. (Of speech or emotions) ex- eightee'n, a. & n. One more than seventeen
uberant, demonstrative. Hence effu'sive- (18, xviii) eighteenmo, - octodecimo. Hence ;

ly 2 adv., effu'sivexESS n. las effuse 2 , see eightee'nTH 2 a. & n. [OE e(a)htatyne, -tene
-ive] (as prec, see -teen)]
eft, n. Xewt. [OE efeta etym. dub.] eighty (ati), a. & n. Eight times ten (80 r
eftsoo'n(s), adv. (archaic). Soon afterwards. lxxx). Hence eigh'tiETH a. & n. [OE eahta-
[OE eftsona (see aft soox) -s = -es] & ; tig (as eight +jtig decade)]
ega'd, int. By God. [prob. orig. a ah + God] eirenicon (n>), n. Proposal tending to make
egg Spheroidal body produced by female
*» n. peace. [Gk, neut. adj. (eirene peace, see -ic)]
of birds &c. esp. of domestic fowl, containing eisteddfod (aste'dhvod), n. Congress of
germ of a new individual addle, wixd \ e. ; ; Welsh bards. [W, lit. = session f. eistedd sk]
(fig.) in thee., in an early stage ; bad e., person, ei'thep (Idh-,e-),ad j. .pron. ,ad v. (conj. ). Each of
scheme, that comes to no good as sure as ee. is ; two, as ate. end was a lamp, e. view is tenable,
ee., undoubtedly teach your grandmother to
; e. is tenable one or other of two, as put the
;

suck ee., offer advice to persons more experi- lamp at e. end, there is no lamp at e. end, e. of
enced than yourself have all your ee. in one ; you can go (adv. or conj.) on one or other sup-
;

basket, risk all on a single venture e. <£• anchor, ; position, which way you will, as he is e. drunk
dart, tongue, (Arch.) kinds of moulding; e.-&- or mad, e. come in or go out (w. neg. or inter- ;

spoon race (in which runners carry e. in spoon) rog.) any more than the other, as if you do not
e. cleavage, process of cleavage in fertilized c- go, I shall not e. [OE seghxexdher f ,\VG *aiwon
shell e.-cup (for holding e. boiled in shell) ; c-
; always + gihwatharoz each of two (see Y- &
dance, dance blindfold among ee. (fig.) intricate , WHETHER)]
task; e.-Jlip, -nog, hot beer, cider, wine, &c, eja'eulate, v.t. Utter suddenly (words or
with ee. stirred in; e.-shell, shell of e., fragile abs.) ; &c) from the body. Hence
eject (fluids
thing ;utensil for taking omelette from
e. -slice, ejaeulA'Tiox n., eja'eulatORY a. [f. Le(j«cu
pan ; small spoon for eating boiled ee.
e. -spoon, lari f. jacidum iavelin) dart]
e.-tooth, protuberance on bill-sheath of embryo eje'et \ v.t. Expel (from place, office, proper-
bird for cracking shell; e.-ichisk, utensil for ty) dart forth, emit. Hence or cogn. eje'e-
;

beating ee. [com.-Teut. OE seg, Du. & G ei] : tiox,eje'etMEXT, eje'etOR 2 nn. [f. L ejectare ,

Ggg% v.t. Urge (person) on {to an act, to frequent, of *E.(jicere ject- =jacere throw)]
do), [f. ON" eggja = edge v.] e'jeet 2, n. Something inferred, not an actual
eglantine, Sweet-briar, [f. F eglantine
n. nor a conceivable object of our owm conscious-
f. OF aiglent prob.f. L acus needle see -lent] ness, [f. L ejecttim neut. p.p. of ejicere (see prec)]
e*go, The conscious thinking
n. (metaphys.). eje'etive, a. Tending to eject pertaining ; to
subject, opp. to the non-ego or object. [L, = I] an eject. Hence eje'etiveLY 2 adv. [-ive]
e'goism, n. (Ethics) theory that treats self- eke E. out: supplement (defective
1
, v.t.
interest as foundation of morality systematic ; means with); (improp.) contrive to make
&c
selfishness; self -opinionatedness; =foll. Hence (livelihood) or support (existence), [dial, form
e'goisT n., egoi'stic(AL) aa., egoi'sticali. \ 2 of obs. eche (OE ecan) f. OTeut. aukan cogn. w.
adv. [f. F igoisme (as prec, see -ism)] L augere increase partly also f. obs. n. eke ;

e'gotism, n. Too frequent use of '

I ' & me
'
'
(same root)]
practice of talking about oneself ; self-conceit eke 2 , adv. (archaic). Also. [com.-Teut. : OE
selfishness. Hence e'gotiST n., egoti'sticUD eac, Du. ook, G auch]
aa., egoti'stiealLY 2 adv., e'gotizE v.i. [f. -el. See -le(2).
ego + -ism -t- perh. on F idiotisme &c]
; elaborate a
(-at), a. Carefully or minutely
egre'gious, a. Distinguished, excellent worked out; highly finished. Hence ela'bc-
notable, as e. folly, blunder, ass. Hence egre*- pateLY 2 adv.,ela'bopatexESsn. [f. Le(?o bo-
giousLY 2 adv., egpe'giousxESS n. [f. L rare f. labor work), see -ate 2 ]
E(gregius f. grex gregis flock) lit. towering ela'bopate 2, v.t. Produce by labour work ;

above the flock] out (invention, theory, &c) in detail (of natural ;

e'gpess, n. (Right of) going out (Astr.) end ; agencies) produce (substance &c) from its ele-
of eclipse or transit way out (lit. & fig.), [f. L
; ments or sources. Hence or cogn. elaboPA'-
egressus -us f. L E(gredi gress- = gradi step)] tion n., ela'boratiVE a. [as prec, -ate 3]
 ; ;;

ELAEO- 264 ELECTRON

elaeo- in comb. = Gk elaion oil, as -meter, share in election of Emperor. Hence ele'ctor-
instrument for determining purity of oils. al a., elee'tOPSHip n. [L (as elect 1 -or 2 )] ,

elan (F), n. Vivacity impetuous rush. ; electorate (-at), n. Dignity, dominions,

e'land, n. S.- African antelope of heavy build. of German Elector*; body of electors, [-ate ] j

!Du.. = elk] ele'etpess, n. Female elector wife of Ger-

;

ela'pse, v.i. (Of time) pass away. [f. L E(labi man [as prec.
Elector, -ess ] + j

laps- glide)] electric, Of, charged with, capable of

a.
& n. Spontaneously resuming its
ela'stic, a. developing, electricity; e. charge, accumula-
normal bulk or shape after contraction, dilata- tion of electricity in Leyden jar &c. ; e. eel, one
tion, or distortion, (of solids, liquids, & gases) able to give e. shock e. light (produced by
;

springy (of feelings or persons) buoyant flexi-

;
; electricity) e. shock, effect of sudden discharge
;

ble, adaptable, as e. conscience (n.) e. cord or ; from Leyden jar &c. ; e. blue, steely-blue ; (n.)
string, usu. woven with india-rubber. Hence substance in which e. force can be excited by
ela'stiCALLY adv., elastieiTY n. [f. Gk ela- friction. Hence ele'etriCALLY adv., elec-
stikos impulsive (elauno drive, st. ela-)] trrciAN n. [f. L f. Gk elektron amber, see -ic]
ela'te, v.t. Inspirit, stimulate make proud ; ; ele'ctpieal, a. Relating to electricity (rare
(adj.) in high spirits, exultant, proud. So ela'- in other senses of prec). [-al]
tiON n. [f. L EFferre Elat- bring out, raise] eleetpi'city, n. Peculiar condition of the
e'lbow , n. Outer part of joint between fore
x molecules of a body or of the ether surrounding
& upper arm e.-shaped bend or corner at one's
; ; them, developed by friction (frictional e.),
e., close at hand up to the ee., busily engaged chemical action (galvanic e.), heat (thermal e.),
m ;

out at ee., (of coat) worn-out, (of person)

; or magnetism (magnetic e.); positive or vitre-
ous, negative or resinous, e., two kinds now
poor e.-grease, vigorous polishing, hard work
; ;

e.-room, plenty of room. [com.-Teut. OE eln- : held to differ only in potential; science of
boga, Du. elleboog, G ell(en)bogen, f. OTeut. this, [-ity]
alino-bogon (see ell & bow j )] electpifiea'tion, n. Electrifying; conver-
e'lbow 2, v.t. & i. Thrust, jostle, (person, sion of steam railway into electric, [as foil.,
oneself, into, in, &c. also intr.). [f. prec] ; see -fication]
e'lchee (-tshi), n. Ambassador, [f. Turk. ele'ctPify, v.t. Charge (body with electri-
ilchi representative of a tribe (il)] city; subject (person &c.) to electric shock;
eld, n. (archaic, poet., dial.). Old age; the (fig.) startle, excite, [f. electric + -fv]
olden time. [OE eldo (aid old)] ele'etpize, v.t. =prec. Hence electPizA'-
e'ldep 1 , a. & n. (The) senior (of relations, or tion n. [as prec. + -ize]
of two indicated persons), as his e. brother, ele'ctpo, n. & v.t. (colloq.). = ELECTRO-pZaie,
which is the e. ?; (Cards) e. hand, first player (n. ;
type, [abbr.]
pi.) persons of greater age, as respect your ee. ; electpo- in comb. Of, pertaining to, caused
person advanced in life member of a senate ; ; by, electricity, as: -bath, liquid holding metal
official in early Christian Church = Gkpres6w- ( in solution for e. -plating; -biology, science of
teros), & in some Protestant (esp. Presbyterian) the electrical phenomena of living beings ;
churches, whence e'ldepsmp n. [OE elclra -chemistry, electricity as applied to chemistry ;

(aid old)] •dynamics, dynami«s of electricity -engraving ;

e'ldep 2, n. Low white-flowered tree: e.(-berry) (done by electricity) ; -graph, instrument for
wine (made from fruit of this). [OE ellxrn, cf. registering electrical conditions ; -logy, electri-
MLG ellern, alhorn] city ; -lysis, chemicaldecomposition by galvanic
elderly, a. Getting old. [elder 1
+ -ly 1
] action, science of this, (Surg.) breaking up of
e'ldest, a. First-born or oldest surviving tumours or calculi by electric agency; -lyte,
(member of family, son, daughter, &c). [OE body decomposed by this ; -lyse, decompose
eldest(a) superl. of aid old] thus -magnet, piece of soft iron surrounded
;

El Dora'do Fictitious country or

(-ah-), n. by wire coil through which electricityispassed
,-eitf abounding in gold. [Sp., = the gilded] -magnetism, production of magnetism by elec-
e'ldpiteh, a. (Sc). Weird, hideous. [?] tric current -meter, instrument measuring
;

elecampa'ne, n. Plant with bitter aromatic electricity -motion, motion of galvanic cur-
;

leaves &
root ; sweetmeat flavoured with this, rent, mechanical motion produced by electri-
[corrupt, of med.L enula (L in-) campana; cam- city; -motor, machine for using electricity as
pana may = of Campania, or of the fields] motive power -negative, -positive, of negative,
;

ele'et 1 , a. Chosen; select, choice; (Theol.) positive, electricity ; -pathy, electrical treat-
-
chosen by God, as the e. ; chosen to office &c, as ment of disease ; -phore, -phorus, instrument
hriAe e. [f. L E(ligere led- = legere pick)] for generating statical electricity by induction ;
-ele'et 2, v.t. Choose (thing, to do) ; choose -plate, v.t., coat with silver by electrolysis, (n.)
•(person) by vote, as e. a magistrate, e. him to ware thus produced ; -scope, instrument indi-
ihe magistracy, e. him (to be) magistrate; cating presence or quality of electricity ; -sta-
(Theol., of God) choose (persons) in preference tics, science of statical electricity -tonus, con- ;

to others for salvation, [as prec] dition of motor nerve under galvanic current
election, n. Choosing, esp. by vote general ;
-type, (n.) model, copy, formed by deposition of
e. (of representatives, esp. members of House copper on a mould by galvanic action, (v.t.)
of Commons, throughout the country), by-e. copy thus. [f. Gk elektron amber]
(of M.P. to fill vacancy) ;
(Theol.) see prec. [OF, electpoeu'tion, n. Killing by electricity
f. L electionem (as prec, see -ion)] (as capital punishment). Hence ele'etpoeute
electioneer", v.i. Busy oneself in political v.t. prec, suggested by execution]
[f.

elections, [prec. -f -eer] ele'etpode, n. Either pole (anode, cathode)

ele'etive, a. (Of official, office, authority) of galvanic battery, fas foil. + hodos way]
appointed by, filled up by, derived from, elec- electpoliep* (-lef), n. Cluster of electric
tion having power to elect (Chem.) e. affinity,
; lamps, [f. electro- on chandelier]
ele'efepon, -um, n. Alloy of silver & gold
;

tendency to combine with some substances

rather than others. Hence ele'etiveLY 2 adv. in use among the ancients; (Mineral., -um)
[f. F ilectif, -ive, (as elect 1 , -ive)] native argentiferous gold (-on, pi. -ons) atom ;

ele'etop, n. One who has right of election of negative electricity, electric charge of an
(esp. of M.P.) (Hist. ; ) German Prince entitled to atom. [f. Gk elektron electrum, amber]
 ; ;;;

ELECTUARY 265 ELOCUTION

electuary, Medicinal powder &c. mixed
n. height above given (esp. sea) level; drawing
with honey or syrup, [f. LL elcctuarium perh. made in projection on vertical plane, flat draw-
Gk ekleikton (ekleikho lick out)]
corrupt, of ing of front, side, back, of house &c. grandeur, ;

eleemo'synary (elie-), a. Of, dependent on, dignity, [f. L elevatio (as prec, see -ation)]
alms charitable gratuitous, [f. rued.Leteemo-
; ;
elevator, n. Person, thing, that elevates ;

synarius (as alms, see -ary 1 )] muscle that raises limb &c. machine for hoist- ;

elegant, a. (Of movements, style, author, ing corn &c lift. [L (as prec, see -or 2 )]
;

manners) graceful; tasteful refined (of modes ; ; ele'ven, a. & n. One more than ten (11, xi)
of life &c) of refined luxury ; (vulg.) excellent. an e.,e. persons forming side at cricket &c ; the
Hence or cogn. eleg"ANCE n., e'legrantLY 2 E. (disciples, without Judas). So elevenTH 2
adv. [f. F Elegant f. L elegantem, cf. elect 1
\ a. & n. [com.-Teut. OE endleofon, Du. & G elf,
:

elegrac, & n.
(Of metre) suited to elegies,
a. f. OTeut. ainlif- (ain one + -lif- etym. dub.)]
esp. e. couplet, (usu. Gk or Lat.) dactylic hexa- elf, n. (pi. elves). (Teut. Myth.) a supernatural
meter & pentameter mournful ;(n. pl.)e. verses,
; being mischievous creature dwarf little
; ; ;

[f. L f. Gk elegeiakos (as elegy, see -AC)] creature e.-bolt, flint arrow-head e.-lock, tan-
; ;

e'legize, v.i. & t. Write an elegy (upon); gled mass of hair e. -struck, bewitched. Hence
;

write in mournful strain write an »legy upon. ;

e'lfiSHi, elv-,aa. [OE xlf, cf.G alp nightmare]
[-IZE] elfin, a. & n. Of elves, elfish (n.) dwarf, child, ;

e'legy, n. Song of lamentation, esp. for the [f. prec, -in unexpl.]
dead (often vaguely used of other poems) eli'cit, v.t. Draw forth (what is latent, usu.
poem in elegiac metre, [f. F ttegie I. L f. Gk fig.) educe (truths/ro?*i data), draw out, evoke,
;

elegeia (elcgos mournful poem)] (admission, answev, from person), [f. L E(licere
e'lement, n. Component part, as reduced licit- for lacere entice)]
to its ee., analysed, the ee. of national wealth, eli'de, v.t. Omit (vowel, syllable) in pronun-
there was an e. of cant, cant was a notable e., ciation, [f. L E(lidere lis- = laedere dash)]
in his style; (Chem.) any of the many sub- e'liglble, a. Fit to be chosen (for office &c )

stances that defy analysis ; the four ee., earth,
water, air, fire ; one of these as a being's abode
or sphere, as (usu. fig.) in, out of, his e.; atmo-
spheric agencies, as war of the ee. ; rudiments
of learning (i.e. the B C) or of an art or
science ; Euclid's Ee. (of Geometry). [OF, f. L
elementum, etym. dub.]
elemental, a. Of the four elements of the
powers of nature, as e. worship ; comparable to
these, asc grandeur, tumult;
essential, [prec + -al]
eleme'ntary, a. Rudimentary, introduc-
tory (Chem.) not decomposable. Hence ele-
;
mentarily v adv., elementariNESs n. [f.
2 elite (ele't), n. The choice part, the best, (of).
L elementarius (as element, see -ary 1 )]
elemi, n. A
stimulant resin used in oint-
ments, varnish, &c [?]
elenehus (-k-), n. Logical refutation
Socratic e., mode of eliciting truth by short
question & answer. [L, f. Gk elegkhos]
elenctic, a. Of, given to, refutation or
cross-examination, [f. Gk elegktikos (elegkho
refute, as prec, see -ic)]
elephant, n. Huge four-footed pachyderm
with proboscis & long curved ivory tusks;
white e., burdensome possession (from cost of
desirable, suitable. Hence e'ligiBi'LiTY n.,
e'ligibLY 2 adv. [f. F Eligible (elect i, -ble)]
eliminate, v.t. Remove, get rid of; (Phy-
siol., Chem.) expel (waste matter from tissues,
A substance from a compound) ; ignore (part of
question &c) ; (Alg.) get rid of (quantities) from
equation; (improp.) extract (desired element
; from compound, also fig.). So eli'minABLE'a.,
eJiminA'TJON n. [f. L K(liminare f. limen
uncompounded ;
-minis threshold), see -ate 3 ]
eli'sion, n. Suppression of vowel or syllable
in pronouncing, of passage in book &c. [f. L
elisio (as elide, see -ion)]
[F, = cboice]
eli'xir (-er), n. Alchemist's preparation de-
signed to change metals into gold or (also e. of
life) to prolong life indefinitely; sovereign
remedy; paregoric e. [med.L, f. Arab, aliksir
the elixir (iksir prob. f. late Gk xerion desic-
cative powder)]
Elizabethan, a. & n. (Person, writer) of
the time of Queen Elizabeth, [-an]
elk, n. Large animal of the deer kind found
in N. Europe and (also vwose) N. America
species of deer & antelope, [etym. dub. OE ;

maintenance); size of paper (28x23 in. double ; elch also alke, influenced by L dices, Gk alke]
;

e., A0x26h). Hence elepha'ntoro a. [ME oli- ell, n. Measure of length (English e. — 45 in.
faunt f. OF olifant corrupt, f. L elephantum now obs. as measure); give him aninch(a little)
(nom. -ntem (norn. -phas), f. Gk elephas
-tus), & he'll take ane. (much). [com.-Teut.: OEeln,
-antos, etym. dub.] Du. el, G elle, f. OTeut. alina forearm (cogn. w.
elephanti'asis, n. Skin disease causing Gk 6lene,Liulna), whence med.LaZena, F aune]
part affected to resemble elephant's hide. [L f. elli'pse \ n. Regular oval figure produced ;

Gk (as prec, see -asis)] when a cone is cut by a plane making smaller
elepha'ntine, a, Of elephants; e. epoch angle with the base than the side of the cone
(when large pachydermata abounded) clumsy, ; makes, whence ellipti'eiTY n.* = foil. Hence
unwieldy, as e. movements, humour, task. [f. or cogn. elli'ptic(AL) aa., elli'ptiealLY 2 adv.
L f. Gk elephantinos (as prec, -ine 2 )] [f. Gk elleipsis f. elleipo come short (en in -f
Eleusi'nian, a. E. mysteries (of Demeter, leipo leave)]
celebrated at Eleusis in Attica), [f. L f. Gk elli'psis, -pse 2 , n. (pi. -pses). Omission from
Eleusinios (Eleusis -inos) + -an)] sentence of words needed to complete construc-
eleu'thero- (ilu-) in comb. = Gk eleutheros tion or sense, [as prec]
free, as -mania, madzealforfreedom, -phyllous, elli*psoid,n. Solid of which all plane sections
with distinct leaves. through one axis are ellipses through the &
e'levate, v. t. Lift up ; hold up (the Host) for other ellipses or circles, [-oid]
adoration raise (one's eyes, voice, hopes); raise
; elm, n. Tree with rough doubly-serrated
axis of (gun) exalt in rank &c raise morally
; ; leaves. Hence elmY 2 a. [OE elm (cf. Swed.
or intellectually (aims, style esp. in p.p.) (p.p., ; ; & Da. aim), = L tdmus]
collpq.) slightly drunk. Hence elevatORY a. elocu'tion (e- or e-), n. Manner, style, art,
[f. L K(levare lift f. levis light), see -ate 3 ] of oral delivery. Hence elocu'tion ary a.. l

eleva'tion, n. Elevating, being elevated, (in eloeu'tiomsT(3) n. [f. L elocutio f. E(loqui

all senses) angle (esp. of gun) with horizon
; ;
locut- speak), see -ion]
9*
 )

ELOGE 266 EMBLEM

e/oge (F), n. Discourse in honour of deceased ema'ncipist, n. Ex-convict who has served
person (esp. niember of French Academy, pro- his term.[f. emancipate + -ist]
nounced by his successor). [FJ ema'seulate (-at), a. Castrated effemin-
1
;

Elo'hist, n. Author(s) of the elohistic parts ate,[f. L E(masculare f. masculus dim. of mas
of the Hexateuch, marked by use of Elohim for male), see -ate 2
]
Yahveh (Jehovah), [f. Heb. elohim God + -ist] ema'seulate 2, v.t. Castrate; weaken, make
e'longate (-ngg-), v.t. & i., & a. Lengthen, effeminate impoverish (language) weaken
; ;

prolong; (Bot.) be of slender or tapering form; (literary composition) by excisions. Hence

(adj., Bot., Zool.) long, slender, tapering, [f. LL emaseulA'Tiox n., ema'sculati ve, ema's-
E(longare f. longus long), see -ate 3
2
]
>
eulatORY, aa. [as prec, see -ate 3 ]
elongpa'tion, n. Lengthening the part (of ; embal'm (-ahm), v.t. Preserve (corpse) from
line &c.) produced (Astr.) angular distance of
; decay with spices ;
preserve from oblivion en- ;

planet from sun. [f. LL elongatio (as prec, see due with balmy fragrance. Hence embal'm-
-ATION)] mext (-ahm-m-)n. [f. F EM(bau?ner, as balm)]
elo'pe, v.i. (Of woman) run away from hus- emba'nk, v.t. Shut in, confine, (river &c) by
band or home (with paramour, lover) abscond. banks, raised stone structure, &c Hence em-
;

Hence elo'peMEXT n. [AF aloper perh. f. ME ba'nkMEXT n. [em-]

~alope p.p. of *aleapen (a- = and- against + embar'go, n., & v.t. Order forbidding ships
leap), cf. G entlaufen run away] of a foreign power to enter, or any ships to leave,
e'loquence, n. Fluent, forcible, apt, use & the country's ports ; suspension of (a branch of)
of language rhetoric, as Professor of E. So
; commerce, as be under, lay on, an e. impedi- ;

e'loquENT a., e'loquentLV adv. [f. F (e-)

2 ment; (v.t.) lay (ships, trade) under e.; seize
f. L eloquentia f. E(loqui speak), see -exce] (ship, goods) for State service. [Sp., f. embar-
else, adv. (Following indef. or interrog. pron. gar LL *iMbarricare (barra bar)]
f.
besides, in addition, as any one, anybody, any- embap'k, v.t. & Put, go, on board ship, i.

thing, e. who e. ? who else's ?, wh ose else ?; (same

, whence embark a 'Tiox n.; engage (in, upon,
constr.) instead, as what e. could I say ? other- ; undertaking, war, &c). [f. F embarquer i. LL
wise, if not, as run, (or) e. you loill be late else- ; iM(barcaref. barca bark 3 )]
where, in, to, some other place. [OE elles f. embarras de richesse (F), n. More than
OTeut. aljo- other = L alius, -esJ one knows what to do with,
elu'cidate '.-oo-, -u-), v.t. Throw light on, ex- emua'prass, v.t. Encumber, impede (p.p.} ;

plain. Hence elueid.VTiox, elireidatOR 2 , encumbered with debts complicate (question ;

hn., elu'eidativE, elu'eidatORV, aa. [f. LL &c); perplex. Hence embaTrassingLY 2

'E(hicidare f. lucidus bright f. lux lucis light)] emba'rrassMEXT n. [f. F einbarrasser
adv.,
elu'de (-ood, -ud), v.t. Escape adroitly from f. n. conn. w. em (barrer bar 2
embarras )]
(blow, danger, difficulty, person's grasp, person, e'mbassy, n. Ambassador's function or of-
inquiry, observation) ; avoid compliance with fice ; his residence ; deputation to a sovereign
Haw, request) or fulfilment of (obligation); es- &c. [f. OF ambassee f.L *ambactiata(ambactia,
cape from, baffle, (the understanding). So elu'- see ambassador, & cf. -ade)]
siox, elu'sivexEss, nn., elirsiVE, elirsoFtv. emba'ttle l, v.t. Set (army) in battle array,
aa., elu'siveLY 2 adv. [f. L E(luderelus- play)] [f. OF EM(bataillier f.bataille battle)]
e'lvan, n. Hard rock of igneous origin broad ; emba'ttle 2 , v.t. Furnish (building, wall)
vein or dyke of this. [perh. f. Corn, elvcn spark] + obs. vb battle f. OF with battlements, [em-
elvish. See elf. battlemext] bataillier, see
Ely-slum (-z-), n. (Gk Myth.) abode of the embay, v.t. Lay (vessel) within a bay; (of
blessed after death; place, state, of ideal happi- wind) force (vessel) into a bay enclose as in a ;

ness. Hence ElysiAX a. [f. L f. Gk Elusion bay, shut in. Hence embay'MENT n. [em-]
(e-) (pedion plain)] embe'd, im-, v.t. (-dd-). Fix firmly in sur- .

e'ly tron, n. (pi. -ra). Outer hard wing-case of rounding mass (esp. in p.p.) (of the mass) sur- ;

coleopterous insect the vagina, [f. Gk

; elutron round thus, [em-]
sheath (eluo roll round)] embe'llish, v.t, Beautify, adorn heighten ;

E'lzevip (-er), a. & n. (Book) printed by "El- (narrative) with fictitious additions. Hence
zivier family at Amsterdam, the Hague, &c. embe'llishMENT n. [f. OF EU(bellir f. bel i.
em, n. The letter M
(Typog.) unit for mea- L bellus handsome), see -ish 2]
;

suring amount of printed matter in line, e'mber 1 n. (usu. pi.). Small piece of live ,

em-, pref. = en- before b, p, and (often) m. coal or wood in dying fire (& fig.). [OE demerge,
ema'ciate (-shi-), v.t. Make lean, waste, (esp. cf. Da. emmer, Sw. morja -b- phonetic] ;

in p.p.); impoverish (soil). SoemaeiA'Tiox(-si-) e*mbep 2 ,a. E. days, days of fasting and pray-
n. [f. L E(maciare f. macies leanness), see -ate 3 ] er, Wed., Fri., & Sat., after 1st Sun. in Lent,
e'manate, v.i. Issue, originate, (from source Whitsunday, Holy Cross Day (Sep. 11), and St
person, &c. (of gases, light, &c. proceed, issue, Lucia's day (Dec 13). [OE ymbren n. perh. f.
) ; )

(from), [f. L E(manare flow), see -ate 3 ] ymbryne period (ymb about + ryne course)]
emana'tion, n. Issuing (from) thing pro- e'mbep 3 n. (Usu. e. -goose, -diver) an Orkney
; ,

ceedingirom a source (esp. fig., of virtues, quali- sea-fowl, the Loon. [f. Korw. emmer]
ties, moral powers) person, thing, proceeding
; embe'zzle, v.t. Divert (money &c, also abs.)
from the Divine Essence. So e'manatrvE a. fraudulently to one's own use. Hence embe'z-
[f. L emanatio (as prec, see -atiox)] zleMEXT n. [f. AF E~s(besiler = OF besillier
ema'ncipate, v. t. (Rom. Law) release (child, maltreat, ravage, perh. f. L bis- used in LL as
wife) from power of paterfamilias free from pejorative pref.)] ;

legal, social, political, intellectual, or moral re- embi'ttep, v.t. Make bitter (fig.) aggravate ;

straint. Hence ema'neipatoR 2 n., ema'n- (evil) exasperate (person, feeling). Hence em- ;

eipatORv a. [f. L E(mancipare f. manceps pur- bi'ttePMENT n. [em-]

chaser f. manus hand + capere take), -ate 3 ] embla'zon, v.t, Portray conspicuously, as
emancipation, n. Setting free, esp. from on heraldicshield adorn (shield) with heraldic ;

slavery or from legal disabilities, whence devices (also fig.) celebrate, extol. Hence em- ;

emancipa'tioniST n. setting free, freedom, bla'zonMEXT n. [em]

;

from intellectual or moral fetters, [f. F Eman- embla'zonpy, n. = blazonry, [em-]

cipation f. L emancipationem (prec, -atiox)] e'mblem, n., & v.t. Symbol, typical repre-
EMBLEMATIC 267 EMOTIONAL
sentation (of person) type (of a quality) her-
; ; undeveloped. Hence embpyo'nic a.
[med.L
aldic device (v.t.) symbolize, show forth by e.
;
embryo -onis corrupt, of Gk EM(bruon perh. f.
[(vb f. n.) f. L f. Gk emblema -matos insertion f. brad swell, grow)]
EM(ballo throw)] embryo- in comb. = prec, as -cio?i?/,destruc-
emblema*tic(al)2 aa. Serving as a type (of). tion of foetus in womb, -genesis, formation of
Hence emblema'ticaliv 2 ad v [prec, -ic] , c, -logy, science of the c, -tomy, cutting up of
emble'matist, n. Maker of emblems or of foetus in womb.
allegories, [as prec. + -istJ emend, v.t. Remove errors from (text of
emblematize, v.t. Serve as emblem of ; re- book &c). Hence emendA'TioN, emenda-
present by an emblem, [as prec. + -ize] eme'ndatORV a. tOR 2 nn.,
, [f. L E(mendare
emblement, n. (usu. pi.). Profits of sown f.menda fault)]
land natural products of soil. [f. OF emblae-
; emerald, n. Bright-green precious stone ;
ment f. emblaer f. med.L iMblaclare sow with colour of this ; size of type E. ; Isle, Ireland.
wheat (bladum), see -ment] Hence e'meraldiNE 1
a. [f.OF emeraude f.
embo'dy, v.t. Clothe (spirit) with body give ;
com. -Rom. *smaralda f. L f. Gk smaragdos]
concrete form to (ideas &c), express tangibly emer'ge, v.i. Come up out of a liquid ; come
(principles in actions &c.) (of things) be an ex- ;
into view (from enclosed space &c); issue (from
pressionof (ideas &c); form intoa body; include, state of suffering &c) j (of facts &c.) come out
comprise. Hence embo'diM ent n. [em-] as result of inquiry ; (of question, difficulty, &c)
embo'g, v.t. (-gg-). Plunge into, hamper in, crop up. So emer'gENCE n., emep'gENT a.
a bog (lit. & fig.), [em-] [f.L E(mergere mers- dip)]
embolden, v.t. Make bold, encourage (often emergency, n. Sudden juncture demand-
to do). [EM- + BOLD + -EN 6 ] ing immediate action, [f. LL emergentia (as
embonpoint (F), n. Plumpness (chiefly of prec, see -ency)]
women usu. euphem.). [F, phr. en bon point
; f. emeritus, a. Honourably discharged from
in good condition] service, as e. professor (retired). [L, p.p. of
embo'som, v.t. Embrace (p.p.) enclosed in, ; E(mereri earn)]
surrounded with, &c). [em-] (trees, hills, e-mepods, n. pi. (bibl.). = hemorrhoids.
embo'ss, v.t. Carve, mould, in relief cause ; emep'sion, n. Emerging reappearance of ;

figures &c. to stand out on (surface) make pro- ; sun, moon, star, after eclipse or occultation.
tuberant. Hence embo'ssMENT n. [prob. f. [as emerge, see -ion]
OF *EUbocer (see boss *)] e'mepy, n. Coarse corundum used for polish-
embouchure (F), n. Mouth of river open- ; ing metal, stones, &c e.-cloth, -paper, -wheel, ;

ing of valley (Mus.) part of musical instrument

; (covered with e. powder), [f. F imeri(l) f. LL
applied to mouth, mode of applying this. smericidum f. Gk smeris polishing powder]
embowel.v.t. (-11-). Remove the bowels from eme'tie, a. & n. (Medicine) that causes vo-
(body), [f. OF EXboiveler for esboueler (es- =ex- miting (also fig.), [f. Gk emetikos (emeo vomit,
-j- bouel bowel)] see -etic)]
embower, v.t. Enclose as in bower, [em-] emeute (F), n. Popular rising.
embra'ee, v. t. n. Fold (person &c. in pi.
, & ; e'migpate, v.i. &
Leave one country to t.
abs. = e. one another) in the arms, usu. as sign of settle in another (colloq.) change one's place of
;

affection clasp, enclose accept eagerly (offer,

; ; abode (trans.) assist (person) to emigrate. So
;

opportunity, &c.) adopt (course of action, doc- ; e'mig-PANT a. & n., emigPA'TioN n., e*mi-
trine, party, cause) (of things) include, com- ;
gratORY a. [f. L E(migrare migrate)]
prise (of persons) comprise (thing in a formula,
; emigre (F), n. French emigrant, esp. Royalist
report, &c.) take in with eye or mind (n.) fold-
; ; who fled at French Revolution.
ing in the arms, (euphem.) sexual intercourse. eminence, n. Rising ground distinguished ;

Hence embra'eeABLE embra'eeMENT n. superiority (social, intellectual, &c); cardinal's

a.,
[(n. f. vb) f. OF EM(&racer f. L bracchium arm)] title. [f. L eminentia (as foil., see -ence)]
m
embpa'nchment, n. Branching out (of e'minent, a. Exalted, distinguished e. do- ;

arm of river &c). [em- + branch n. + -ment] main (of qualities) remarkable in degree, ;

embra'ngle, im-, v.t. Entangle, confuse. whence e'minent ly 2 adv. [f. L E(minere j ut,
Hence embra'ngleMENT n. [em- + obs. bran- cf. mmae jprojecting points, threats), -ent]
gle perh. suggested by braiol, icrangle] emip* (-er), n. Saracen or Arab prince or go-
embra*sure (-zhe?'), n. Bevelling off of wall vernor descendant of Mohammed. [= ameer] ;

at sides of door or window, splaying opening ; e'missapy, n. Person sent on (usu.) an odious
in parapet for gun, widening from within. [F or underhand mission, [f. L emissarius (as
(EMbraser splay, mod. F ibraser ; see -ure)] emit, see -ary *)]
e'mbpocate, v.t. Bathe, foment, (limb &c.) emi'ssion, n. Giving off or out (of light, heat,
to mitigate disease, [f. med.L embrocare f. em- smell, &c.) thing thus given out ; e. theory
;

brocha f. Gk embrokhe f. EM(brekho wet)] (that light is e. of streams of imponderable par-

embroea'tion, n. Liquid used for rubbing ticles from luminous bodies). So emi'ssiVE a.
diseased part. [f. prec, see -ation] [f. L emissio (as foil., see -ion)]
embroi'dep, v.t. Ornament (cloth &c, or emi't, v.t. (-tt-). Give out, send forth, (stream,
abs.) with needlework; embellish (narrative) light, heat, sound, opinion, paper currency, &c).
with fictitious additions, [em- broider f. F. + [f. L E(mittere ?niss- send)]
broder, orig. = work on the edge (bord); -erperh. e*mmet, n. Ant. [see ant]
f. wrong division of foil.] emo'llient, a. & n. (Application) that softens
embroi'depy, n. Embroidering ; embroid- living animal textures (also fig.), [f. L E(mollire
ered work adventitious ornament, [-ery]
; f. mollis soft), see -ent]
embpoi'l, v.t. Bring (affairs, narrative, &c.) emolument, n. Profit from office or em-
into state of confusion involve (person) in hos- ; ployment, salary, [f. L emolumentum, emoli-, f.
tility (with another). Hence embPOi'lMENT n. E(molere grind or moliri work out), -ment]
[f. F EM(brouille?\ see broil 1 )] emo'tion, n. Agitation of mind, feeling ex- ;

embpo wn, v.t. Make brown, [em-] cited mental state. Hence emo'tionLESS a. [f.
e'mbpyo, n. &a. Offspring of animal (pi. -as). L emotio f. E(movere mot- move), see -ion]
before birth (or emergence from egg) thing in ; emo'tional, a. Of the emotions liable to ;

rudimentary stage; in e., undeveloped; (adj.) emotion, whence emo'tionaliSM(l), emo*-

 .; ;

EMOTIVE 268 ENAMEL

tionalisT(2), emotiona*liTY,nn., emo'tion- &c. upon Sec.) transfer (contents of one thing
;

alL y 2 adv. [prec. + -al] into Sec. another) (of river) discharge itself ;

emo'tive, a. Of, tending to excite, emotion. (into) ; (intr.) become empty, [f. prec]
Hence emo'tiveLY 2 adv. [f. L emovere, see empup'ple, v.t. Make purple, redden, [em-]
emotion & -ive] empyre'an, a. & n. (Of) the highest heaven,
empa'nel, im-, v.t. (-11-). Enter on panel, as the sphere of fire or as the abode of God (of) ;

enrol, (jury), [f. AF em( paneller panel)] the visible heavens. Soempy'peALa. [f. med.
e'mpepor, n. (fern, empress). Sovereign of L empyreus f. Gk EM(p«ros f. pur fire) + -an]
Roman, Western, or Eastern Empire head of ; e*mu, e'meu (-u), n. Large Australian bird
Holy Roman Empire sovereign (title superior ; allied to the Cassowary, [perh. f. Port, ema
in dignity to king) ; Purple E. kind of but terfly, crane, ostrich]
Hence e'mperorsHiP n. [f. OF eniperere, -pe- e'mulate, v.t. Try to equal or excel ; rival
reor, f.himperator, -orem, f. iy\(pe rare =parare imitate zealously. So emuLvTiON, e'mulat-
prepare, order) command, see -or 2 ] or 2 , nn., e'mulatiVE a. [f. L aemulari (as
emphasis, n. Stress laid on word(s) to indi- foil.), see -ate 3 ]
cate special significance ; vigour, intensity, of e'mulous, a. Zealously, jealously, imitative
expression, feeling, action, &c. ; importance as- (of); desirous (of renown &c); actuated by
signed to a thing; prominency, sharpness of spirit of rivalry. Hence e'mulousLY 2 adv.
contour. [L f. Gk, f. -E>i(phaino show)] L aemulus + -ous]
[f.

emphasize, stress upon (word in

v.t. Lay emu'lsify, v.t. Convert into an emulsion,
speaking) ; bring (fact &c.) into special promin- [f. L T£.(midgere muls- milk) + -fy]
ence, [f. prec. + -ize] emu'lsion, n. Milky liquid got by bruising
empha'tic, a. (Of language, tone, gesture) almonds &c. in water. Hence or cogn. emu'l-
forcibly expressive ; (of words) bearing the sioniZE(3)v.t.,emu*lsiVEa. [as prec, see -ion]
stress ; (of person) expressing himself with em- emu'netopy, a. & n. Of nose-blowing ; (or-
phasis ; (of actions) forcible, significant. Hence gan, duct) conveying waste matter from the
empha'tiCALLY adv. [f. Gk emphatikos (as body. [f. L ~E(mungere munct-), see -ory]
emphasis, see -ic)] en-, pref. (1) en-, em-, f. F en-, em-, f. L IN-,
e'mpire, n. Supreme & wide
(enamour, embarrass, engage); now used
(political) do- im-,
minion absolute control (over) government in to form E vbs (a) on nouns, with sense put (the
; ;
'

which sovereign is called emperor territory of object) into or on something' (embed, engulf,
;

an emperor; (Hist.) the E., (usu.) Holy Roman entrust) or 'put something into or on (the ob-
E.; (U.S.)^. City, New York. [F, f. himperium ject) (enjewel) (b) on nn. or adjj., w. sense '
;

conn. w. imperare, see emperor] 'bring into such condition' (englad, enslave);
empi'Pie, a. & n. Based, acting, on observa- often with suf. -en 6 (embolden, enlighten); (c)
tion & experiment, not on theory, whence em- on vbs with sense 'in 'into 'upon (enfold) ', ',
',

pi*rieiST(2) n. (person) relying solely on experi- or w. intensive force (encamalize). (2) en-, em-,
;

ment quack. Hence empi'PicAi, a., empi'- f. Gk en- (em- before b, m, p, ph el-, er-, before I,
;
;

piealLY 2 adv., empi'rieiSM n. [f. L f. Gk em- r), w. sense 'in (energy, enthusiasm, emphasis). '

(peirikos f. peira trial, see -ic)] -en 1 , -n, suf. forming p.p. of strong vbs
emplacement, n. Situation; placing; plat- (spoken, sworn) often obs. or archaic (gotten, ;

form for guns. [F (em- + place + -ment)] graven) in some not recorded (flung) also dis- ; ;

employ*, v.t., & n. Use (thing, one's power, placed by -ed (shaped for shapen) or surviving ;

Sec, for, in, on, about, an object) use services only in adj. sense (drunken, lorn).
; For adj.
of (person) keep (person) in one's service (n.) sense see -ed ] (2).
; ;

in the e. of, employed by. Hence employ - -en , suf. forming dimm., as chicken, maiden.
2
able a., employ er 1 n. [(n. f. F emploi) f. F [f. OTeut. -inom]
employer f v L iM(plicare fold), cf. imply] -en 3 suf. forming femm. (now only in vixen).
employe (omploi'a, orasF), n. (fern. -ee). Per- and found in some nouns, as burden, [f.
,

WG
son employed for wages. [F, p.p. as prec] -innja f. OTeut. -ini]
employee*, n. = prec. [-ee] -eh 4, suf. seen in oxen orig. part of stem in ;

employment, n. In vbl senses esp., one's weak-decl. nouns, but retained only in pi., & ;

regular trade or profession, [-ment] added to other old plurals, as in brethren, child-
empoi'son, v.t. Put poison into taint cor- ren, kine, (earlier -ther, -der, ky). [OE -an]
; ;

rupt (fig.); embitter (person's mind against). -en 5, -n, suf. forming adjj. f. nn., usu. expr.
[f. F em( poisonner poison)] material mostly obs. or archaic (silvern) or ;

emporium, n. Centre of commerce, mart only in metaph. senses (golden), the noun being
(vulg.) shop. [f. L f. Gk emporion f. ~E.y\poros used as adj. but wooden, woollen, & a few ;

merchant (por- journey)] others, remain, [f. OTeut. -ino-, cf. Gk & L -ino-]
empower,v.t. Authorize, license, (person -en 6 , suf. forming v v.t. & i. from adjj. (deep-
to do) enable, [em-]
; en, moisten) on anal, of a few in OE (fasten), &
e'mpress, n. Wife of emperor woman go- f. nouns as listen (OE), happen (11 th c), height-
;

verning an empire or (fig.) having absolute en, hearten, Sec, (mod.).

power, [f. OF emperesse fern, of einperere em- ena'ble, v. t. Authorize, empower, (person to
peror, see -ess 1 ] do); supply (person &c) with means to (do), [en-]
empressement (F),r\. Display of cordiality. ena'ct, v.t., Ordain, ,decree, (thing, that),
empprse(-z), n. (archaic). (Chivalrous) enter- whence ena etiON,ena ct.MEXT,iin.,ena , et-
prise. [OF, fern. p.p. as n. of emprendre f. LL ive, ena'etORY, aa. enacting clauses (con- ;

*im( pre(he)ndere take)] taining new provisions) play (scene, part, on ;

e'mpty a. & n. Containing nothing devoid stage or in life), [en- + act n. & v.]
1
, ;

of (qualities); (colloq.) hungry; (of house) de- ena'mel^n. Glass-like opaque or semi-trans-
void of furniture or inmates (of van, ship, &c.) parent coating of metallic surfaces for orna-
;

without load (of persons, plans, &c) lacking ment or as preservative lining (also fig.); any
;

sense meaningless (n.) e. truck, box, &c. e.- smooth hard coating coating of teeth paint-
; ; ; ; ;

handed, bringing no gift, carrying nothing ing done on e. (poet.) smooth bright surface ;

away; e.-headed, witless. Hence e'mptiNESS colouring, verdure, &c [f. foil.]
n. IOE xmetig at leisure (xmetta, see -y 2 )] ena'mel 2 , v.t. (-11-). Inlay, encrust, (metal
e'mpty 2 , v.t. & i. Remove contents of (vessel &c.) with enamel; portray (figures &c) with
 ;;; ;;;;

ENAMOUR 289 ENDEAR

enamel adorn with varied colours, [f. AF
; for this, [(vb f. n.) F, = still, again, (cf. It. an-
KS(a?nayller f. OF esmal f. med.L smalt am of cora) perh. f. L (in) hanc horam to this hour]
Teut. orig., cf. OE smaltan smelt)] eneoirntep (-ow-), v.t., & n. Meet hostilely
ena'moup, v.t. Inspire with love (of, esp. fall in with; (n.) meeting in conflict, falling in,
in p.p.); charm, delight, [f. OF Es(amourcr (with), [(n. f. OF encontre) f. OF encontrer f.
f.amour love f. L amorem, nom. -or)} LL TN(contrare f. contra against)]
enapthpo'sis, n. (anat.). Ball-&-socket joint. eneou'page (-ku-), v.t. Embolden; incite,
[Gk, EN(arth? os f. arthron joint), -osis]
f.
%
advise, (person to do) promote, cherish, (com- ;

en bloc (F),adv. In a lump, wholesale. merce, opinion, &c). Hence or cogn. encou'P-
encae'nia (-se-), n. Dedication festival ageniENT a., eneou-pag-ing-LY 2 adv. [f. OF
(Oxf.) = commemoration. IL, f. Gk egkainia E$(co?'agier, as courage)]
(EN- + kainos new)] enepi'mson, v.t. Make crimson, [en-]
enca'ge, in-, v.t. Confine (as) in cage, [en-] enepoa'eh, v.i. Intrude usurpingly (on
enca'mp, v.t. & i. (Of troops) settle (t. i.) & others' territory, rights, &c, or abs.). Hence
in camp ; lodge (t. & i.)in the open in tents. eneroa'chMENT n. [f. OF ES(crochier£. croc
[EN-] hook)]
enca'mpment, n. In vol senses; also, place encpu'st, in-, v.t. i. &
Cover with a crust
where troops are encamped, [-ment] overlay (surface) with ornamental crust of pre-
enca'se, in-, v.t. Put into a case surround ; cious material (intr. form into a crust. Hence
; )

as with a case. Hence enea*sei»iENT n. [en-] encpu'stMENT n. [f. F incruster f. L iN(crus-

enca'sh, v.t. Convert (bills &c.) into cash ;
tare, as crust) also f. en- + crust]
;

receive in form of cash, realize. Hence en- encu'mbep, v.t. Hamper (person, move-
ca'shMENT n. [en-] ment, action, with burden, difficulty, &c.)
encau'stic, a. & n. (Painting, art of paint- burden (person, estate, ivith debts) fill, block, ;

ing)by burning in ; e. brick, tile, (inlaid with (place with lumber &c, lit. & fig.). Hence en-
coloured clays burnt in), [f. Gk egkaiistikos f. eirmbePMENT n. [f. F EN(combrer cumber j
)]
cgkaid (en- + kaio burn)] eneu'mbranee, n. Burden annoyance ; ;

-ence, suf. forming nn. of quality or action f. impediment; without e., having no children;
F -ence or direct f. L -entia
L f. pres. part, in claim, mortgage, &c, on property, [f. OF en-
-enti- (nom. -ens) ; rarely repr. L -entia f. adjj. combrance (as prec, see -ance)]
in -lentus (corpulence) see -ance, -ency.
; eneu'mbpaneer, n. One who has an en-
enceinte (F), a. & n. (Of women) pregnant cumbrance on another's estate, [-er 1 ]
(n.) enclosure
(in fortification). -eney, suf., mod. E different, of -ence (-y 1
),
eneepha'lie, a. Of the brain, [f. Gk egke- usu. denoting quality or state, not action.
phalon brain (en- + kephale head) + -ic] eney'elie(al), aa. &
nn. (Pope's letter) for ex-
enchai'n, v.t. Chain up, fetter; hold fast tensive circulation, [f. LL encyclicus, for -ius,
(attention, emotions)." Hence enchai'nMENT f. Gk egkuklios (en- + kuklos circle)]

n. [f. OF EN(chainer chain)] encyclop(a)e*dia, n. Book giving infor-

eneha'nt (-tsh-), v.t. Bewitch (lit. & fig.); mation on branches of knowledge or of one
all
charm, delight. Hence or cogn. eneha'ntER 1 ,
subject, usu. arranged alphabetically esp. the ;

eneha'ntMENT, encha'ntPESs l nn., en- , French e. of Diderot, D'Alembert, and others

cha'ntingLY 2 adv. [f. F enchanter f. L IN- general course of instruction. Hence encyclo-
{cantare sing, frequent, of canere cant-)} pae'dic(AL) aa., encyclopae*diSM(3), en-
eneir'ele, v.t. Surround, encompass, (with) eyelopae*drsT(3), nn. [LL, f. false Gk cgku-
form a circle round, [en-] klopaideia for egkuklios paideia all-round edu-
encla'sp, v. t. Hold in clasp or embrace, [en-] cation (as prec. paideia f. paideuo educate f. ;

enela've (or as F), n. Territory surrounded pais x>aidos boy)]

by foreign dominion. [F, f. enclaver f. LL in- eney'st, v. t. Enclose in a cyst or bag. Hence
(clavare f. clavis key or claims nail)] encystATioN, encystMENT, nn. [en]
encli'tic, a. & n. (gram.). (Word) so unem- end 1 , n. Limit, as there is no e. to it; ex-
phatic as to be pronounced as part of preceding tremity (of line &c); East, West, E. (part of
word, esp. (Gk) throwing its accent back on London) surface bounding a thing at either ;

preceding word. Hence eneli'tic ally adv. [f. extremity, head of cask &c. remnant, as candle ;

L f. Gk egklitikos (en- + klino lean), see -ic] ee., odds & ee. rope's e., short piece bound at ;

enclo'se, in-, v.t. Surround, fence in, (land ends with thread for flogging shoemaker's e., ;

&c. with, in, walls &c.) shut up in receptacle length of thread armed with bristle; conclu-
;

(esp. something besides letter in envelope) sion (of period, action, state, book, &c.) latter ;

bound on all sides, contain, (esp. Math.) hem in part destruction death result purpose, as ; ; ; ; ;

on all sides, [en-] to gain his ee., to what e ? object for which a ;

enelo'sure (-zher), n. Enclosing (esp. com- thing exists, final cause place on e. (upright) ;

mon land, to make it private property, as E. turn e. for e., reverse; world without e., for
Act) enclosing fence &c. enclosed place pa-
; ;
per &c. enclosed with letter in envelope. [F
(OF ENcZore p.p. -clos, see close v. and -ure]
enclo'the, v.t. Clothe, [en-]
enclou'd, v.t. Envelop in cloud, [en-]
enoo'miast, n. Composer of an encomium
flatterer. Hence encomia'stic a. [f. Gk eg-
komiastes (egkomiazo, as foil.,
enco'mium, n. Formal or high-flown praise.
[L, f. Gk egkomion (en- + komos revelry)]
enco'mpass (-um-), v.t. Surround (esp. with
; ever placed e. to
; e. (lengthwise, continuously)
e. on, with its e. fronting one ; no c, much,
many, of; be at, come to, an e., be, become, ex-
hausted or completed ; in the e., finally, after
all ; at one's wits' e., quite perplexed ; put ane.
to, stop, abolish ; make an e. of, put a stop to
at a loose e., unoccupied ; make both ee. meet,
see -ast)] live within one's income ; is at the e. of his
tether, knows, can do, no more ; e.-iron, mov-
able plate changing size of grate in range, [com.-
Teut. OE ende, Du. einde, G ende}
:

friendly or hostile intention) contain. Hence ; &

end 2, v.t. i. Bring (action, speech, life, &c.)
eneo'mpassMENT n. [en- -f compass n.] to an end ; put an end to, destroy ; come to an
encore (ongkor*. or as F), int., n., v.t. & end result in. [OE endian (as prec.)]
;

(Spectator's or auditor's demand for song &c. to enda'mage, v.t. = damage. [en-J
be sung &c.) again, once more (v.t.) demand ; enda'nger, v.t. Cause danger to. [en-]
repetition of (song &c), summon (performer) endear', v.t. Render (person, thing, oneself)
 ;;;; ;;

ENDEAVOUR 270 ENGINE

dear (to). Hence endear'ingLY 2 adv., en- forcible, vigorous powerfully operative (n. pi.); ;

dearwiENT n. [en-] science of energy. Hence enepge'tic ally

endea'voup (-de-), v.t. & i., & n. Try (to do) adv. [f. Gk energetikos f. Eti(ergeo L ergon

strive after ; (n.) attempt (to do, at doing), [(n. work), see -ic]
f. vb) f. en- + devoir] enep'gie, a. (rare). =prec. [f. energy + -ic]
ende'mic, a. & n. Regularly found among e'nepgize, v.t. i. &
Infuse energy into (per-
(specified) people, in (specified) country; (n.) e. son, work) be in active operation, [-ize]
;

disease. Hence ende'miCALLY adv., ende- enepgu'men, n. Demoniac enthusiast, ;

mi'eiTY Gk en- + demos people + -ic]

n. [f. fanatic, [f. LL f. Gk energoumenos (pass, part.,
endep'mie, a. Acting on the skin. Hence See ENERGETIC)]
endeirmiCALLY adv. [en- + derm + -ic] e'nepgy, n. Force, vigour, (of speech, action,
e'nding, n. In vbl senses, esp. latter part (of person, &c.) active operation; (pi.) individual
;

word, story, &c). [-ing 1 ] ,

powers in exercise, as devote your ee. to this ;
e'ndive, n. Species of chicory, with curled (latent) ability (Physics) actual, kinetic, motive,
;

leaves, used as salad. [F, f. L intibus]
endless, a. Infinite eternal ; incessant
(Mech.) e. band, cable, chain, (with ends joined
for continuous action over wheels &c). Hence
e'ndlessLY 2 adv., e'ndlessNESS
e.ya body's power of doing work by virtue of
; its motion (half product of mass into square
of velocity), potential, static, latent, e., body's
power of doing work by virtue of stresses re-
n. [OE en- sulting from its relation to other bodies con- ;

deUas, see end l and -less] servation of e. [f. LL f. Gk energeia f. en-

endo- in comb. = Gk endon within, as: -car'- (erges f. ergon work)]
dium, lining membrane of heart -carp, inner ; enep'vate 1
(-at), a. Wanting in (physical,
layer of pericarp -crane, inner surface of skull
; moral, literary, artistic) vigour, [f. ~L%(nervare
f. nervus sinew), see -ate ]
-gamous, 2
-derm, inner layer of blastoderm ;

-gamy, (of) marrying within the tribe -gen, ; e'nepvate 2 v.t. Weaken (physically &c. as
,

plant that develops wood in interior of stem ;

prec). So enepvATiON n. [as prec, -ate 3]
-genoits, growing from within -lymph, fluid in ; enfa'ee, v.t. Write, print, stamp, (form of
membranous labyrinth of ear -mctri'tis, -me- ; words) on bill &c; do this to (bill &c). Hence
trium, (inflammation of) lining membrane of enfa'ee.MENT n. [en-]
womb -inorph, mineral enclosed in another
; enfant terrible (F), n. Child who asks awk-
-pa'rasite, internal parasite ; -plasm, -sarc, _
ward questions, repeats what he has heard, &c.
inner soft layer of protoplasm ; -scope, instru- enfee'ble, v.t. Make feeble. Hence en-
ment for viewing internal parts of body ; -skel- fee'ble.MENT n. [f. OF EX(feblir as feeble)]
eton, internal framework of vertebrates ; end- enfeo'ff (-ef), v.t. Invest (person) with fief
o'smose, -osmo'sis, passage of a fluid inwards (fig.) hand over. [f. OF EN/ejfer (fief)]
through a porous septum; -sperm, albumen en- enfeo'ffment (-ef-), n. Enfeoffing ; docu-
closed with embryo in seeds ; -spore, inner coat ment effecting this fief* [-ment] ;

of spore, spore formed in a case ; -the'lium, enfe'ttep, v.t. Bind in fetters (lit. & fig.);
layer of cells lining blood-vessels &c. enslave (person to), [en-]
endop'se, in-, v.t. Write on back of (docu- enfila'de, n., & v.t. Fire from artillery
ment), esp. sign one's name on back of (bill, sweeping line of works or men from end to end ;
cheque, &c.) ; write (explanation, comment, on (v.t.)subject (troops, road, &c.) to e. [(vb f. n.)
back of document) ; e. over, make over one's F, f. f. fil thread), see -ade]
EN(j?ter
rights in (bill &c. to another person, also fig.) enfo'ld, in-, v.t. Wrap up (person &c. in,
confirm (statement,opinion). Hence endop'se- with) ; clasp, embrace ; shape into folds, [en-]
ment n. [refash. on L ; ME
endosse f. OF en- enfop'ee, v.t. Urge, press home, (argument,
dosser f. med.L is(dorsare f. dorsum back)] demand) impose (action, conduct, upon per-
;

endow", v.t. Bequeath, give, permanent in- son &c); compel observance of (law &c).
come to (person, institution); invest (person) Hence or cogn. enfop'eeABLE a., enfop'eed-
with (privileges &c); furnish (person) with ly 2 adv., enfop*ee>iENT n. [f. OF enforcer f.
(ability &c. ; esp. in p.p.). Hence endoWMEXT LL is(fortiare i.fortis strong)]
n. [f. en- + F doner f. L dotare (as dower)] enfpa'me, v.t. Set (picture &c.) in frame;
endue*, in-, v.t. Put on (clothes &c, also serve as frame to. [en-]
fig.); clothe (person) with (usu. pass.) furnish ; enfpa'nehlse (-z), v.t. Set free invest (town) ;

(person with qualities &c). [f. OF encluireL L with municipal rights, esp. that of representa-
ix(ducere lead, draw), associated in sense w. tion in parliament ; admit (person) to electoral
induere put on (clothes)] franchise. Hence enfpa'nehiseMENT n. [f.
end ap'anee, n. Habit, power, of enduring ;
OF ny;(franchir f. franc frank a.), see -ish 2 ]
enduring, [-ance] enga'ge, v.t. &i. Bind by contract or pro-
endure*, v.t. i. & Undergo
(pain &c.) sub- ; mise (esp. of marriage, as engaged couple) ;
mit toj bear (to do, esp. w. neg.) ; last. Hence hire (servant) ; bespeak (seats, cab, &c.) ; pledge
endup'ABLE a., endup'ingLV 2 adv., en- oneself (to do, that) ; e. for, guarantee, promise
dup'ingNESS OF endurer f. L is(durare
n. [f. induce ; attract, charm, (esp. in part.), whence
make hard f. durus)] eng-a'g-ingTL y 2 adv.; (Arch.) fasten (pillar)
e'ndways, -wise, adv. With the end turn- into wall interlock (thing with another)
;

ed towards the spectator or uppermost or fore- hold fast (attention) ; employ (usu. pass.) ; em-
most end to end. [-ways, -wise]
; bark in (politics &c); bring (troops) into con-
-ene, suf. forming names of hydrocarbons, flict ; enter into conflict with (also xcith).
as benzene, camphene. Hence enga'geMENT n. [f7FEN(gragrerf.GAGE)]
ene'ma (or e'-), n. Injection of liquid or gas- engap'land, v.t. Put a garland upon
eous substance into the rectum. [Gk enema i. w reathe (with flowers &c). [en-]
r

~ES(hiemi send), see -m] engender, v.t. Beget (now only fig.) ; (of
e'nemy, n. Hostile person ; opponent (of, to, situation, condition, &c.) bring about, [f. F
another) the E., the Devil member of hostile
; ; engendrer f. L iN(generare generate)]
army or nation hostile force or ship (colloq.)
; ; engine, n., & v.t. Mechanical contrivance
how goes the e. ?, what is the time ? [f. OF enemi consisting of several parts; =steam-c; fire-
t. L ia(imicus = amicus friend)] e. ; machine, instrument, used in war instru- ;

enepge'tic a. n. &
Strenuously active; ment, means; e.-driver (of steam-e., esp. loco-
 ; ;

ENGINEER 271 ENOUGH

motive) e.-lathe (worked by machinery) ; e.-
; [f. L f. Gk ainigma -matos f. ainissomai speak
sized paper (sized by machine) ; e. -turning, en- allusively (ainos fable)]
graving of symmetrical patterns on metals by enis*le,in-, v.t. Make into an isle ;
place on
machine ; (v.t.) fit (ship) with steam-ee. [(vb f. an isle isolate,
[en-]
;

n.) f. engin f. L ingenium (see ingenious)]

OF enja'mbment (-m-m-), n. (pros.). Continua-
engineer* ^. One who designs & constructs
1 tion of sentence beyond second line of couplet,
military work; soldier of division of army [f. F eniambe?nent f. EN(jamber f. jambe leg)
K
called Ee., trained to engineering; (also civil e.) see -ment]
one who designs works of public utility, bridges, enjoi'n, v.t. Prescribe, impose, (action, con-
canals, gasworks, &c. ; maker of engines one ; duct, on person) command (person to do); issue
;

who has charge of steam-engine (only in U.S. instructions (that), [f. F eujoindre (st. -joign-)
of locomotive). Hence engineep'smp n. [f. f.L ixijungere join)]
OF engigneor f. LL ingeniatorem (ingeniare, as enjoy, v.t. E. oneself, experience pleasure
engine, see -OR 2 )] take delight in, whence enjoy'ABLE a., en-
engineer* 2, v.i. t. Act as engineer ; con-& joyableNESs n., enjoyabLY 2 adv.; have
struct, manage, (bridge, work, &c. ) as engineer the use of (advantages &c); experience, as e.
(colloq.) arrange, contrive, [f. prec] poor health. Hence enjoyiviENT n. [f. OF
enginery, n. Engines ; machinery (often EN(joier f. joie joy) give joy to, (refl.) enjoy;
fig.). [-ERV] or f. OF EN(joir f. L gaudere rejoice)]
engip'd(le), v v. t. Surround with or as with enki'ndle, v.t. Cause (flame, passions, war,
girdle, [en-] up in flame with passion, [e n-]
&c. ) to blaze ;

E'nglandep, n. Little E., one opposed to enla'ce, v.t. Encircle tightly; enfold; en-
imperial policy, [-er 1
] twine. Hence enla'ceMENT n. [f. F enlacer
E'nglish i (I-), a.& n. Of England the E. ; f. LL m(laciare f. lacius = laqueus noose)]
(people, soldiers, &c); Englishman, -woman, enlap'ge, v.t. & Increase, extend widen, i. ;

one who by
birth, descent, or naturaliza-
is E. expand, (mind, heart, ideas) (archaic) release ; ;
tion of,; written or spoken
in, the E. language ; grow larger expatiate upon. Hence en-
;

(n.) the E. language (also the king's, queen's, E., lap'geMENT n. [f. OF EXlarger (large)]
as mishandle the king's E.); Old E. (ending enligh'ten, v.t. Instruct, inform, (person on
about Middle E. (ending 1500) in plain
1150), ; subject) (poet. ) shed light on (object), give light
;

E.,in plain words size of type Early E. style.

; ; to (person) ; free (person) from prejudice or su-
[OE englisc, xnglisc f. OTeut. anglisko (angli- perstition (esp. in p.p.). Hence enligh'ten-
angle 3 )] MENT n. [EN- -f LIGHT n. + -EN 6 ]
e'nglish 2, v.t. (archaic, affected). Render enli'nk, v. t. Link together, connect closely,
into English, [f. prec] (with, to ; lit, & fig.), [en-]
engop'ge, v.t. Devour greedily (pass.) ; enli'st, v.t. i. &
Engage (t. & i.) for military
be crammed, (Path.) be congested with blood. service ; secure the co-operation or support of
Hence engop'geMENT n. [f. F EN(gorger (persons, feelings, natural forces, sciences, &c,
GORGE)] in enterprise &c). Hence enli'stMENT n. [en-]
engpa'ft, in-, v.t. Insert (scion of one tree enlrven, v.t. Animate, inspirit, (persons,
into,upon, another) ; implant (principles &c. feelings, trade, &c); brighten (picture, scene).
in the mind &c); incorporate (thing into [EN- + LIFE -f- -EN 6]
another)} add (adventitious thing upon), [en-] en masse (F), adv. In amass ; all together.
engparl, v.t. Indent the edge of, give ser- enmesh, emm-, imm-, v.t. Entangle in
rated appearance to, (esp. Herald.), [f. OF en- or as in a net. Hence enme'snMENT n. [en-]
gresler perh. f. gresle hail] e'nmity,n. Hatred; state of hostility, [f. OF
engpai'n, in-, Cause (dye &c.) to
v.t. sink enemistie f. lAuinimicitatem (as enemy, see -ty)]
deeply into a thing (usu. fig.); (p.p.,cf. ingrain- e'nnead, n. Set of nine (discourses, books,
ed) inveterate, as an engrained rogue, [ex-] points), [f. Gkeimeas (ennea nine, see -ad)]
engpa've, v.t. Inscribe, ornament, (hard enno'ble, v.t. Make (person) a noble make ;

surface with incised marks) carve (figures &c. noble, elevate. Hence enno'bleMENT n. [f.
;

upon surface); (fig.) impress deeply (upon F Ennoblir (noble)]

memory &c.) cut (figures &c.) in lines on metal ennui (6'nwe, or as F), n. Mental weariness
;

plates for printing, [en- + grave 2 ] from lack of occupation or interest. Hence
engpa'ving, n. In vbl senses, esp. copy of en'nuiED 2 (-wed) a. [F, f. L in odio, cf. annoy*]
picture &c. from engraved plate, [-ing ] enop'mity,n. Monstrous wickedness; crime,
]

engpo'ss, v.t. Write (document) in large [f F inormite' f L enormitatem (as foil. see -ty)] . . ,

letters; express in legal form; (Hist.) buy whole enop'mous, a. Huge, very large, as e. beast,
stock of (corn &c.) so as to get monopoly; mono- difference. Hence enop'mousLY 2 ad v. ,enop*-
polize (conversation &c.) ; absorb (person, his mousNESS n. [f. L E(normis f nprma pattern, .

attention, time,&c). Hence engPO'ssMENTn. + -ous]

standard)
[1. f. AF
Engrosser (grosse f. med.L grossa enou'gh (-uf (poet. enow, a. n. ad v. Not
), ) , ,

large writing) ; 2. f. phr. in gross wholesale] less than the required number, quantity, degree,
engu'lf, in-, v.t. Plunge into, swallow up as: (adj.) tee have apples e„ e. apples, beer e.,
(as) in, a gulf. Hence engU'lfMENT n. [en-] e. beer, he made e. noise (to justify supposition
enha'nee, Heighten, intensify, (quali-
v.t. &c), e. noise to wakethe dead, for his purpose ;
ties, powers, &c.) exaggerate raise (price).
; ; (n.) we have e. of everything except beer, e. of
Hence enha'nceMEXT n. [f. AF enhauncer (stop) this folly, e. ! (say no more), e. is as good
prob. corrupt, of OF enhancer f. Uj*in{aitiare as a feast, cry e.' (acknowledge defeat), I have
'

f, altus high)] had e. (am tired) of him, I hade, to do (my work

enhapmo'nie, a. (mus.). Of, having, inter- cut out) to catch the tram, you have done more
vals smaller than semitone (esp. such intervals than e., e. and to spare ; (pred. ; adj. or n.)five
as that between G sharp & flat). Hence A men are e.,five quarts is not e.\ (oA\.)itis boiled
enhapmo'niCALLY adv. [f. Lf. Gk Enarmoni- (just) e., he does not advertise e., are you warm
kos (harmonia harmony, see -ic)] e. ?,he does not e. (usu. sufficiently) realize the
eni'gma, n. Riddle puzzling person or ; difficulties, she sings well e. (tolerably), you know
thing. Hence or cogn. enigma*tic(AL) aa., well e. (quite well) what I mean ; oddly e. (to
enigma* tiealLY 2 adv., eni'gmatizE(3) v.t. justify the term oddly), he had lost his purse ;
 ; ;

ENOUNCE 272 ENTHRONIZATION

sure e. rational doubt), there it was.
(to satisfy
[OE genog (Du. genoeg, G genug) f. geneah it
suffices f. OTeut. ga- pref. + nah f. Aryan nak
seen in L nancisci nact- obtain]
enou'noe (-ow-), v.t. Enunciate; pronounce
(words). Hence enou'nce.MEXT n.
cer (as enuntiate)]
en passant (F), adv. By the way (Chess)
take (pawn that advances two squares at once)
e.p. (with your own pawn by which it could
have been taken if it had advanced only one).
enquire, enquiry. See inquire, inquiry.
(nom. -ens) of pres. part, in 2nd, 3rd, & 4th conjj.
See -ant. For noun meanings (1, 2) see -ant.
enta'blatupe, n. (archit.) The part of an
order above the column, including architrave,
frieze, & cornice, [f. It. intavolatura f. is(ta-
[f.Ftnon- vola?'e f. tavola table), see -ure]
enta'blenient, n. Horizontal platform(s)
; supporting statue, above dado & base. [F, f.
EKtabler (table), see -mentJ
entai'l^n. Settlement of succession of landed
estate so that it cannot be bequeathed at plea-
sure estate so secured (fig.) inalienable inher-
; ;

enra*ge,v.t. Make furious, [f. OF surager itance (of qualities, beliefs, &c). [f. foil.]
(rage)] entai'l 2, v.t. Settle (land &c.) as in prec.
enra'pture, v.t. Delight intensely, [en-] bestow (thing) as inalienable possession (on per-
enre'giment, v.t. Form (men) into a regi- son) impose (expense, labour, on person) ne-
; ;

ment; discipline, [f. F ex (regime liter f. regi- cessitate. Hence entai'lMENTn. [EN-+TAiLa.]
ment regiment)] enta'ng'le, v.t. Catch in snare or among ob-
en regie (F), adv. In due form. stacles; involve (person &c.) indifficulties; make
enpi'eh, v.t. Make rich; add to contents of (thing) tangled or intricate (lit. & fig.). Hence
(collection, museum, book) make richer ; in enta'ngle.MENT n. [en-]
quality, flavour, &c. Hence enpi'chiiENT n. entente cordiale (F), n. Friendly under-
[f. F EN(richir f. riche rich)] standing between two countries, as that estab-
enpo'be, v.t. Put a robe upon.
Ten-] lished between England & France in 1905.
enpd*l,-ll, v.t. Write name
of (person on
(-11-). e'ntep, v.i. "c t, 1. (intr.). Go, come, in, (into
list, esp. of army incorporate (person) as mem-
; place, room, &c, or abs.) (3rd pers. imperat. as ;

ber (in society &c); enter (deed &c.) among stage direction) come upon stage, as E. Mac-
rollsof court of justice; record, celebrate. Hence beth ; e. into, engage in (conversation, relations,
enro'lMENT n. [f. OF Etirollerf. rolle roll n.] agreement, inquiry, &c), sympathize with (per-
en route (F), adv. On the way (to, for, place son's feelings &c), form part of (calculations,
&c. or abs.). plans, &c), bind oneself by (recognizances,
ensa'mple, n. (archaic), ^example, [earlier treaty, contract); e. (up)on, assume possession
aiaumple f. OF essample example] of (property), begin (process &c), begin to deal
ensa*nguined, a. Blood-stained, bloody, (lit. with (subject). 2. (trans.). Go, come, into (place
& fig.[en- 4- L sanguis -inis blood + -ed ]
)
l
&c.) penetrate (flesh &c.) become member of
; ;

enseo'nee, v.t. Establish (oneself &c. in (army, church, &c.) ; give initial training to
secret, safe, snug, &c, place), [en-] (dog), break in (horse); write (name, details, &c,
ensemble (F), n. (Also tout e.) thing viewed in list, book, &c); record name of (person) as
as a whole; general effect. competitor for (contest, race, &c. ; also intr.,
enshpi'ne, v.t. Enclose (relic &c.) in shrine announce oneself as competitor) (of minority ;

serve as shrine for (precious thing lit. & fig.).
Hence enshri'neMENT n. [en-]
enshroud, v.t. Cover completely, hide from
view, [en-]
e'nsigrn (-In), n. Badge (of office &c); banner,
flag, esp. (Brit, naut.) white, blue, or red, flag
with union in corner (white e„ of Royal Navy
& Royal Yacht Squadron, blue e., of naval
reserve &c, rede., of merchant service) stand-
ard-bearer (formerly, commissioned officer of
lowest grade in infantry, cf. ancient 2 ), whence
e'nsigncv n. [f. OF enscigne f. L insignia
neut. pi. of iKsignis (signum sign)]
e*nsilag:e(-ij), n.,& v.t. Preservation of green
; in deliberative body, esp. House of Lords) e. a
protest, record it in journals or minutes, make
it ; admit, procure admission for, (pupil, mem-
ber of a society) ; e. up, complete series of en-
tries in (account books &c). Hence e*ntep-
ablh a. [f. F entrer f. L intrare (intra within)]
ente'pie, a. Of the intestines; e. fever, ty-
phoid. So en ten 'tis n. [f. Gk enterikos (en-
; teron intestine, see -ic)J
entepo- in comb. = Gk enteron intestine, as
-lite,stony concretion of stomach &c, -tomy,
cutting open intestine.
enterprise (-'/.), n. Undertaking, esp. bold or
difficult one courage, readiness, to engage in
;

fodder in silo or pit without drying fodder thus
preserved; (v.t.) treat (fodder) by e. [(vb f. n.)
F (as foil., see -age)]
ensi'le, v.t. Put (fodder) into a silo. [f. F
; ee., as he has no e. [f. OF entreprise f. entre-
prendre (entre between + prendre take f. ~Lpre-
(he)ndere)]
e'ntepppising a. Ready to undertake enter-
1

ensiler f. Sp. Exsilar (silo)] prises. Hence e*ntepppising"LY 2 adv. [part,

ensla've, v.t. Make (person &c.) a slave (lit., of archaic vb enterprise (f. prec.)]
orfig. to habit, superstition, &c). Hence en- entertai'n, v.t. Maintain (correspondence,
sla'veMENT n. [en-] discourse) amuse, occupy agreeably, (person ;

ensla'vep, n. In vbl senses, esp. woman by &c, often iron.), whence entePtai'niNG 2 a.,
whose charms a man is enslaved, [-er ] enteptai'ningrLY 2 adv.; receive hospitably
]

ensnare', v.t. Entrap (lit. & fig.), [en-] (also abs., as they e. a great deal) harbour, ;

ensou'l, in-, v.t. Infuse a soul into, [en-] cherish, (idea, feeling), [f. F entretenir f. LL
ensphere*, v.t. Encircle, enclose, [en-] iXTER(tenere hold)]
ensue*, v.i. Happen afterwards; result (from, enteptai'nment, n. In vbl senses, esp.: a-
on) (bibl.) seek after, [f. OF ensuivre f. LL in-
; musement, as much to mye.; public performance
(sequere = L sequi follow)] or show, [-ment]
ensure' (-shoor), v.t. Make (person, thing) enthpa*l(l) (-awl), v.t. (-11-). Enslave (usu.
safe (against, from, risks); make certain (thing, fig.); captivate. Hence enthpa'lMENTn. [en-]
that it shall happen) ; secure (thing to, for, per- enthro'ne, v.t. Place (king, bishop, &c.) on
son &c); (formerly) = insure, [f. ES(seurer AF throne, esp. as formal induction (also fig.).
f. OF seur sure)] Hence enthPO'neMENT n. [en-]
enswa'the, v.t. Bind, wrap, in bandage (lit. enthroniza'tion, n. Enthronement (lit. &
& fig.). Hence enswatheMEXT n. [en-] fig.), obs. vb enthronize OF introniser [f. f. f.
-ent, suf. forming adjj. & nn., repr. L -ent- LL (in-) t Gk ES(thronizo as throne, -ize)]
 ;; '

ENTHUSE •273 ENVIRON

enthu'se (z), v.i. (colloq.). Show enthusiasm, entrea't, v.t. (Alsoe. of) ask (person) earnest-
gush, [back-formation on foil.] ly (to do, that), whence entrea*ting-LY 2 adv.
enthu'siasm (-zl-), n. Ardent zeaM/or, (bibl.) evil e., treat ill. [f. EN(traiter treat)] OF
about, an object, cause, &c). [f. LL f. Gk en- entrea'ty, n. Earnest request, [prec-f-v 4
]
thousiasmos enthousiazo f. enthousia f. en-
f. entrechat (F), n. Striking together of the
(theos god) possessed by a god] heels several times during leap from ground,
enthu*siast,n. One who is full of enthusiasm in dancing.
( for cause &c. ), whence enthusiastic a. en- , entree (6"ntra, or as F), n. Right, privilege,
thusia'stiCALLvadv. visionary, self-deluded ;
of admission ; made dish served between fish&
person, [f. Gk enthousiastes (as prec.)] joint. [F,= entry]
e'nthymeme, n. (logic). Syllogism in which entremets (F), n. pi. Side dishes.
one premiss is suppressed, [f. L Gk enthume- f. entre'neh, in-, v.t. Surround (post, armv,
ina f. ENthioneomai consider (thumos mind)] town) with trench (also fig. esp. oneself); (rarely) ,

entree, Allure (person 8cc. front place,

v.t. encroach, trespass, upon. Hence entrenen-
course of conduct, &c, into another to do). So ;
ment n. [en-]
enti'ee.MENT n. [f. OF KStid&r prob. lit. set entre nous (F), adv. Between you & me. <

on fire (L titio firebrand)] entrepot (F), n. Storehouse for temporary -

entire*, a. & n. A V hole, complete not broken ;

deposit of goods ; commercial centre.
or decayed not castrated unreserved, unquali-
; ; entrepreneur (F), n. Organizer of (esp. mu-
fied, affection mere, as an e. delusion all
as e. ; ; sical) entertainments.
of one piece, continuous pure, unmixed; (n.) ;
entresol (F), n. Low storey between first &
drink like porter, as Smith's e. Hence en- ground floor.
tire'NESS n. [f. OF entier f. L integrum, e'ntropy, n. (physics). Measure of the un-
n om. -ger, f. tag- root of t anger e touch)] availability of a system's thermal energy for
entirely, adv. Wholly ; solely, [ly 2
]
conversion into mechanical work. [f. en- + Gk
entirety (-irti), n. Completeness, esp., in its trope transformation (trepo turn), on energy]
e.; sum total {of) (Law) possession by ee. (un-
;
entru'st, in-, v.t. Charge (person) with (duty,
divided), [f. OF entiereU f. L integritatcm (as object of care) confide (duty, person, thing, its
;

ENTIRE, See-TY)] safety, to person), [en-]

enti'tle, v. t. Give (book &c. the title of (A dam
Bede &c.) give (person) the title of (sultan &c);
;
) e'ntry, n. Coming or going in ; ceremonial
entrance (Law) taking possession place of en-
; ;

(of circumstances, qualities, &c.) give (person trance, door, gate, lobby, mouth of river regis- ;

&c.) a claim (to a thing, to do), [f. OF entiteler
f. LL m(titulare, as title)]
e'ntity, n. A
thing's existence, as opp. to its
qualities or relations thing that has real exis-
tence. So e'ntitATiVE a. [f. LL entitas (ens LL
part, of esse be, suggested by absens ; see -ty)]
ento-in comb. -Gk entos within, as -pa'rasite,
-"o'on, internal parasite, -phyte, plant growing
inside a plant or animal.
ento'mb (-bom), v.t.
tration in records, account-books, &c; item so
entered ; bookkeeping by double, single, e. (in
which each item is entered twice, once, in led-
; ger) ; list of competitors for race &c. [f. F entree
f. LL intrata (as enter, cf. -ade)]
entwi'ne, in-,v.t. Interweave (lit. & fig.)
wreathe (thing with, about, round, another)
embrace, [en-]
entwi'st, in-, v.t. Clasp with, form into, a
Place in tomb (lit. & fig.); twist twist (thing) in with (another), [en-]
;

serve as tomb for. Hence ento'mbMENT enu'eleate, v.t. Explain, clear up (Surg.) ;

(oom-m-) n. [f. OF Eatoumber (as tomb)] extract (tumour &c.) from shell &c. Hence
ento'mie, insects, [as foil. + -ic]
a. Of enueleA'TioN n. [f. L E(nucleare f. nucleus)]
entomo- in comb. Insect, as -lite, fossil in- : enu'merate, v.t. Count; specify (items).
sect, -phagous, insect-eating, -philous (Bot.),fer- Hence or cogn. enumerATioN, envrmerat-
tilized by means of insects, -tomy, insect ana- or 2 nn., enu'meratiVE a. [f. L E(numerare
,.

tomy, [f. Gk EN(tomos f. temno cut) cut up, in number)]

neut. pi. = insects] enu'neiate (-shi-), v.t. Express definitely
entomo'logy, n. Study of insects. Hence (proposition, theory); proclaim*; pronounce
entomolo'glcAL a., entomo'logisrn., en- enu'nei- (words). So enuneiA TiON -
(-si-),
tomo'logizE v.i. [f. F ENTO.MO(?o#ze -logy)] enu'neiatiVE (-sha-) a. [f. L atOR 2 (-shi-), nn.,
entourage (F), n. Surroundings attendant E(nuntiare announce f. nuntius messenger),
;

persons. -ate 3 ]
en-tout-cas (F), n. Umbrella-sunshade. enure, v.i. (& t.). See inure.
entr'acte (F), n. (Performance in) interval envelop, v.t. Wrap up (person, thing, sub-
between acts of play. ject, &c, in garment, flames, clouds, mystery,
e'ntrails, n. pi. Bowels, intestines (fig.) (in- ; or w. flame &c. as subject).Hence enve'lop-
ner parts (of the earth &c). [f. OF entraille f. ment n. [f. OF Exveloper (as develop)]
LL intralia (neut. pi. taken in F as fern, sing.) e'nvelope (or on-), n. Wrapper, covering, (lit.
f.inter among] & fig.), esp. folded & gummed cover of letter,
entrai'n, v.t, & i. Put, get, (esp. of troops) [f. F enveloppe (as prec.)]
into a train, [en] enve*nom,v.t. Put poison on or into (weapon,
entra'mmel, v.t. Entangle, hamper, [en-] air, &c.) ; infuse venom into (feelings, words,
e'ntranee l n. Coming or going in coming
, ; actions) ; corrupt (mind &c). [f. OF EK(venimer
of actor upon stage entering into, upon, (office; as VENOM)]
&c.) right of admission (in full e.fee) fee paid
; ;
e*n viable, a. Calculated to excite envy (said
on admission to club, school, &c; door, passage, of desirable thing or its possessor). Hence e*n-
&c, one enters by. [OF (as enter, -ance)] viabLY 2 adv. [f. envy v. + -able]
entra'nee 2, v. t. Throw into a trance over- ; e'nvious, a, Full of envy feeling envy of
;

whelm (loith joy, fear) carry away as in trance ; (person, thing). Hence e'nviousLY 2 ad v. [f.
(from, to). Hence entra'neeMENT n. [en-] OF envieus f. L invidiosus (as envy 1 see -ous)] ,

e'ntrant, n. One who enters room, profes- envir'on, (Of persons or things') form a
v.t.
sion, &c, or for (race &c). [F, part, as enter] ring, be stationed, round ; surround (person,
entra'p, v.t. (-pp-). Catch in or as in trap ; place,&c.) hostilely, protectively, as attendants,
beguile (person to destruction &c, into doing). &c. surround (person, thing, with others). [£.
;

[f. OF EU(traper trap)] F environner f. adv. as environs]

ENVIRONMENT 274 EPILEPTIC
environment, n. Surrounding; surround- epi-,pref. = Gk epi upon, at, on the ground
ing objects, region, or circumstances, [-ment] of, in addition.
enviP'ons (or e'nvi-), n. pi. Districts sur- e'piblast, (biol.). Outermost layer of
n.
rounding town &c. [f. OF Environ (n. f. adv.) blastoderm, + Gk blastos sprout, germ]
[f. epi-
f. *viron circuit, cf. virer ^er] e*pie, a, &
(Poem) narrating continuously
n.
envi'sage, v.t. Look in the face of; face achievements of one or more heroes, as the
(danger, facts) contemplate, esp. under par-
; Iliad & Odyssey; E. dialect, form of Gk in
ticular aspect. Hence envi'sage.ME.\T n. [f. which the e. poems were written national e., ;

F wxvisager (visage)] poem, of any form, embodying nation's concep-

e'nvoy^n. (archaic). (Author's parting words, tion of its past history. Hence e'picAL a..
esp.) short stanza concluding certain archaic e*piealLY 2 adv. [f. L f. Gk epikos (epos, -ic)j
forms of poem. [OF, f. envoiier send (en voie on epiee'dium, n. Funeral ode. [f. L f. Gk epi-
the way f. L via)] (kedeion f. kedos care)]
e'nvoy 2, n. Messenger, representative esp. e'picene, a, & n. (Lat, & Gk Gram. denoting
; )

minister plenipotentiary, ranking below am- either sex without change of gender for, used ;

bassador & above charge d'affaires. Hence e*n- by, both sexes; (person) with characteristics of
voysHiP n. [prob. f. F envoyi, p.p. as prec] both sexes, [f. L f. Gk npi(koinos common)]
e'nvy l, n. Grudging contemplation (of more epiee*ntpum,-tpe, nn. Point at which earth-
fortunate persons, of, at, their advantages, or quake breaks out. [f. Gk EPi(kentros a, as
abs. often playfully) object, ground, of this,
; ; CEXTRE)]
as she, her poodle, is the e. of Bath. [f. F envie e'pieupe, n. One who is choice & dainty in
f. L invidia f. invidxis f. ix(videre see) envy] eating & drinking. Hence e*pieupiSM(2)n. If.
e'nvy 2, v.t. Feel envy of, as I e. him, e. his L f. Gk Epikouros Epicurus, or LL epicurius a.]
impudence, e. him his impudence, [f. F envier epieupe'an, a, & n. (Follower) of Epicurus,
I. med.L invidiare (invidia envy *)] Athenian philosopher (B.C. 300) who taught that
enwrnd, v.t, (Of thing) wind itself round highest good was pleasure (i. e. practice of vir-
(another), [ex-] tue) (person) devoted to pleasure, esp. refined
;

enwo'mta, v.t. Enclose (as) in womb, [ex-] sensuous enjoyment. Hence epieupe*aniSM(3)
enwra'p, in-, v.t. (-pp-). Wrap, enfold, (in ; n. [f. L (-eus) f. Gk Epikoureios (prec.)]
lit. & fig.), [ex-] e'pieyele, n. Small circle having its centre
en wreathe, Surround as or (as) with
v.t. on circumference of a greater. Hence epi-
wreath intertwine. [ex]
; ey'elic a. [f. L f. Gk ~EPi(kuklos circle)]
e'oeene, a. (geol.). Of the lowest division of epiey'eloid, n. Curve traced by point in cir-
Tertiary strata, [f. Gk eos dawn + ka inos new] cumference of a circle rolling on exterior of
eon. See aeox. another. Henceepieyeloi'dALa. [prec. + -oid]
-eous, suf. = L -eus + -ous, forming adjj. epidei'etie (-di-), a. Meant for display, [f.
meaning 'of the nature of, as ligneous like Gk epideiktikos f.~EPi(deiknumi show), see -ic]
wood a few are f. L nn. direct (aqueous f.
; epide'mie, a, & n. (Disease, lit, & fig.) preva-
aqua) some add -ous to -te (now -ty) as duteous,
; lent among community at special time, cf. en-
or are changed f. -tivous (bounteous f. F bontif) ;
demic. Hence epide'mieAL a,, epide'mie-
righteous, courteous, are by false anal. alLY 2 adv. [f. F ipidemique f. bpide'mie f. LL
ep- in comb. =epi- before unaspirated vowels. Gk epidemia f. epidemios a. (demos people)]
f.
e'paet, n. Age of moon on Jan. 1 excess of ; epidemiology, n. Science of epidemics, [f.
solar over lunar year. [f. F epacte f. L f. Gk Gk as prec, -logy]
epakte f. EP(ago bring) intercalate] epidep'mis, n. Outer layer of skin of ani-
e'papeh (-k), n. Governor, bishop, of an mals, cuticle outer animal integument of
;

eparchy, [f. Gk EP(arkhos ruler)] shell true skin of plant below cuticle. Hence
;

e'parehy, n. Subdivision of modern king- epidep'niAL, epidep'mic, epidep'moiD,

dom of Greece; diocese in Russian (Greek)
Church, [f. Gk eparkhia (as prec, see -v 2 )]
e*paulet(te), n. Ornamental shoulder-piece
ofuniform (of private soldier) winhis ee., earn
; [f.Gk EPigastrion (gaster stomach)]
promotion to rank of officer, [f. F epaulette
dim.of <^,pa ?/Ze_shoulder f. L spatida]
epepg'ne (-arn), n. Centre ornament (esp. in
branched form) for dinner table. [?]
epexege'sis (-j-), n.
Additional, addition
epidepmordAL, aa. [Gk Epidermis (derm)]
epigastrium, n. Part of abdomen imme-
diately over stomach. Hence epiga'stpic a.
epigone (-j-), a. (Geol.) produced on surface
of earth (of crystal) chemically altered since its
;
formation, [f. F epigene f. Gk EPi(genes born)]
epige'nesis, n. Formation of organic germ
of, as a new product theory of e. (that the germ;

words to make meaning clear (e.g. 'difficult to is brought into existence, not merely deve-
do So epexegetic(AL) aa,, epexegetie-
').
loped, in process of reproduction), [epi-]
alLY 2 adv. [Gk (ep- + exegesis)] epiglo'ttis, n. Erect cartilage at root of
eph-, pref. = epi- before h. tongue, depressed during swallowing to cover
ephe-be, n. (Gk Ant, Citizen aged 18 ). to 20. glottis. Hence epiglottic a, [Gk EPi(glottis
[f. L f.Gk EPHibos (hebe early manhood)] f. glotta tongue)]
ephe'mera (pi. -ras),
-rons, -ra), -pon (pi. e'pigpam, n. Short poem ending in witty
nn. Insect living only a day ; genus of insects turn of thought ; pointed saying or mode of ex-
including May-fly ; short-lived thing, [f. Gk pression. So epigrammatic a., epigram-
EPuemeros lasting only a day (hemera)] matic ally adv., epigpa*mmatisT(3) n.,
ephe'meral, a, (Of diseases) lasting only a epigpa*mmatiZE(l, 2) v.t. & i. [f. F epi-
day; (of insects, flowers, &c.) lasting a day or gramme f. L f. Gk EPi(gramma -gram)]
a few days; short-lived, transitory. Hence "e'pigpaph, n. Inscription on stone, statue,
ephemepa'liTY n. [f. Gk as prec. + -al] coin, &c, whence epigpa'phic a., epi*-
ephe'mepis, n. (pi. -ides). Astronomical al- gpaphiST(3), epi'gpaphY l nn. motto, [f. , ;

manac or table. [Gk (-em-), = calendar (as prec.)] Gk EPi(graphe f. grapho write)]
e'phod, n. Jewish priestly vestment. [Heb., e'pilepsy, n. Nervous disease in which
f.aphad put on] patient falls to ground unconscious, with
e*phop, n. One of five Spartan magistrates spasms & foaming at mouth, [f. OF epilepsia
controlling the kings ; (in mod. Greece) over- f. L f. Gk epilepsia f. EPi(lambano take)]
seer, [f. Gk EPHoros (horao see)] epileptic, a. & n. Of epilepsy (person) sub-
;
 ;

EPILOGIST 275 EQUIDISTANT

ject to epilepsy, [f. F ipileptique f. L f. Gk epi- by special events. Hence e'poehAL a. [f. LL
leptikos (as prec.)] f. Gk epokhe stoppage f. EP(ekho hold)]

epi'log-ist (-j-), n. Writer, speaker, of epi- epode, n. Form of lyric poem, used by
logue, [t foil. + -1ST] Horace third division of lyric ode. [OF,
; f. L f.
e*pil6g"ue Concluding part of literary-
(-g), n. Gk epodos f. EP(ado sing)]
work speech, short poem, addressed to specta-
;
e'ponym, n. One who gives his name to a
tors by actor at end of play. [F, f. L f. Gk epi- So epoTiymous
people, place, or institution.
(logos speech)] L f. Gk EP(6numos f. onoma name)]
a. [f.

epi'phany, n. Manifestation of Christ to the epopee, n. Epic poem or poetry, [f. F bpope'e
Magi manifestation of a superhuman being, f. Gk epopoiia f. epopoios (foil. +poieo make)]
;

[f. OF epiphanie f. LL (neut. pi. used as fem. epos, n. Early unwritten epic poetry epic ;

sing.) f. late Gk epiphania (neut. pi. adj.) f. epi- poem. [L f. Gk epos word, song]
(phaino show) partly also f. Gk epiphaneia
;
E'psom, n. Town in Surrey E. salt, mag- ;

(epiphanes manifest)] nesium sulphate.

e'piphyte, n. Plant growing on (usu. not
fed by) another vegetable parasite on animal
; turbed. Hence equaBi'LiTY n., equabLY 2
body. Hence epiphy'tAL, epiphy'tic, aa.
epi- + Gk phuton plant]
[f.
epi'scopacy, n. Government
bishops ; the bishops,
epi'scopal, a. Of bishop(s) e. church, con-
stituted on principle of prec. Hence epi'seo-
paliSM(3) n., epi*seopalLY 2 adv. [f. F Episco-
pal f. LL episcopalis (as bishop, see -al)]
episcopalian, a. n. (Adherent) of episco-
pacy (member) of episcopalian church. Hence
;
episeopa*lianiSM(3) n. [f. L as prec. + -an]
epi'seopate (-at), n. Office, see, tenure, of
bishop; the e., the bishops, [f. L episcopaUis
(episcopus bishop, see -ate *)]
episode, n. Part between two choric songs
in Gk tragedy (orig. interpolation) incidental
equable, a. Uniform, even, not easily dis-
adv. [f. L aequabilis (as equate, -ble)]
equal \ a. & n. The same in number, size,
of church by value, degree, &c. (to, with, or abs.), as twice
[as episcopate, -acv] three is e. to six, the totals are e., talks French
; & Didch with e. ease, the tico are e. in ability ;
having strength, courage, ability, &c, adequate
to (the occasion, a cup of tea, doing, &c.) ; uni-
form in operation &c, as e. laws ; evenly
& balanced (fight &c.) ; (n.) person e. to another
in rank &c, as mix xcith your ee., or in power
&c, as he has no e. ; (n. pl.)e. things, usifee. be
added to ee. [f. L aequalis (aeqmis, see -al)]
e*qual 2, v.t. (-11-). Be equal to (person, thing,
in quality, number, &c). [f. prec]
equa'lity (-61-), n. Condition of being equal
; (between two or more with person &c. in quality
;

narrative or series of events. Hence episo'd- &c. usu. abs.); is on an e. with, is on equal
;

ic(al) aa., episo'dicalLY 2 ad v. [f. Gk EPeis- terms with. [f. OF bqtialite' f. L aequalitatcm
odionf. eisodos entry (eis into + hodos way)] (as equal 1 , see -ty)]
epispa'stic, a. &
n. Blistering; (n.) blister, e'qualize, v.t. Make (thing &c.) equal (to,
[f. Gk epispastikos f. EPi(.9joao draw), see -ic] with).Hence equalizATiON n. [-ize]
epistemo'logy, n. Theory of the method or equally, adv. In an equal degree in equal ;

grounds of knowledge, [f. Gk episteme know- shares ; uniformly. [-L y 2 ]

ledge + -o- + -logy] equani'mity, n. Evenness of mind or tem-
epi'stle (-si), n. Letter (now only facet, of per composure resignation, [f. F equanimite ; ;

ordinary modern letters), esp. one of an apostle, f. L aequanimitatem f. aequanimis (aequas

part of the canon of Scripture the E., extract even + animus mind), see -ty]
;

from apostolical e. read in Communion service equa'te, v.t. State equality of (thing to, xvith,
literary work, usu. verse, in form of letter. [OF, another) treat as equivalent, [f. L aequare ;

f. L f. Gk epistole f. KPi(stello send)] (aequus equal), see -ate 3 ]

epi'stolapy, a. Of, carried on by, suited to, equa'tion, n. Making equal, balancing, (of
letters, [f. F ipistolaire f. L epistolaris (as demand & supply &c.) (amount or process of) ;

prec. see - art )]

,
2 compensation for inaccuracy, as (Astr.) per-
epi'strophe (-fi), n. Ending of several sen- sonal e., allowance for individual slowness in
tences or clauses with same word. [Gk epi- noting phenomena (also fig.), e. (difference be-
(strophe turning f. strepho)] tween mean & apparent places) of the equi-
e*pistyle,n. (archit.). = architrave, [f. Lf. noxes; (Math.) formula affirming equivalence
Gk EPi(sttdion f. stidos pillar)] of two expressions connected by the sign =.
epitaph, n. Words (supposed to be) inscrib- Hence equa'tionALa., equa'tionalLY 2 adv.
ed on tomb. [f. L f. Gk EPi(taphion f. taphos [f. L aequatio (as prec, see -ation)]
tomb), neu.t. adj. equa'top, n. A great circle of the earth, equi-
as n.]
epithala'mium, n. (pi. -iums, 4a). Nuptial distant from the poles = equinoctial 2 mag- ; ;

song or poem. Hence epithala'miAL, epi- 'netic e., aclinic line. [LL (as prec, -or )]
thala/mic, aa. [f. L f. Gk EPidhalamion f. equatop'ial, a. Of, near, the equator c. ;

thalamos bride chamber), neut. adj. as n.] telescope (attached to axle revolving in direc-
epithelium, n. Tissue forming outer layer tion parallel to plane of equator). Hence equa-
of mucous membrane (Bot. epidermis formed top'ialLY 2 adv. [-ial]
; )

of young cells. Hence epitheliAL a. [mod. L, e'queppy (or ikwe'ri), n. Officer of prince or
f. epi- + Gk thele teat] noble charged with care of horses officer of ;

e'pithet, n. Adjective expressing quality or British royal household, [f. F icurie f. med.L

attribute significant appellation. Hence epi-

;
scuria stable f. OHG scur shed confused in E ;

the'tic(AL) aa., epithe'tiealLY 2 adv. [f. L f. with L equus horse]

Gk epitheton f. EPi(tithemi place)] eque'stpian, a. n. &
Of horse-riding; e.
epi'tome (-mi), n. Summary, abstract, of statue (of person on horse) (Rom. Ant.) of the ;

book condensed account

; thing that re- ; (fig.) order of Equites or Knights; (n.) rider, per-
presents another in miniature, as man, the former, on horseback, [f. L equestris (equcs
world's e. Hence epi*tomiST(l) n., epi'to- horseman f. equus horse) + -an]
mizE(3) v.t. [Gk epitome f. EPi(temno cut) equi- in comb. =L aequus equal, as -angular,
abridge] having equal angles.
epoch (-k), n. Beginning of era in history, equidi'stant, a. Separated by equal dis-
science, life, &c, as this made an e., an e. -mak- tance^), [f. F Equidistant f. LL aequidistantem
ing event ; date ; period in history or life marked (see equi- & distant)]
 ;; ;;

EQUILATERAL 276 ERECTILE

cquila'tepal, a. Having all the sides equal. -ep 1
, suf. forming esp. agent nn. f. nn. vbs. &
[f. LL aequilateralis (see equi- & lateral] Orig. = one who has
' to do with ', f. OTeut. -arjoz
equili'bpate, v.t. & i. Cause (two things) (cf . L -arixis -ary 1
); so E
wds as hatter (after &
to balance; balance (t. & i.) ; counterpoise. -w) bowyer, sawyer, lawyer, perh. on their &
Hence equilibPATiON n. [f. equi- + L libra anal, collier, grazier, &c. ; also colloq. wds of
balance -f- -ate 3 ] action, as header, out-&-outer, and of number,
equi'librist, n. Rope-walker, acrobat, [f. F as fiver, tenner; add Londoner, foreigner, &c.
equilibriste (equilibre equilibrium)] As many wds so formed correspond to vbs, -er
equilibrium, n. State of balance (lit. & took agent sense (clothier one connected with
fig.) ; a body in stable e. (tending to recover e. cloth,one who clothes), & can now be added to
after disturbance) ; neutrality of judgment &c. any vb not otherwise provided (correspondent,
[L (equi-, libra balance)] translator); -or (-our, -ier) & -er may coexist,
equimultiple, n. (usu. pi.). Number having with or without differentiation (saviour, -er
a common factor with another, [equi-] assertor, -er) some wds seem ; to double -er
e'quine, Of, like, a horse,
a. [f. L equinus (caterer, fruiterer, poulterer) ; -eris sometimes
(eguus horse, see -ine *)] used to anglicize L- us (astronomer, geographer,
equino'etial, a. & n. Of equal day & night pern, philosopher). Meanings (1) person, ani- :

e. line, circle of celestial sphere whose plane is mal, that does something (2) instrument, ma- ;

perpendicular to earth's axis happening at or ;

chine, occurrence, &c. poker, paper-cidter, deo- (

near time of equinox, as e. gales at, near, the ;

dorizer, eye-opener) (3) person concerned with ;

(terrestrial) equator; (n.) e. line, (pi.) e. gales, thing (hatter, geographer) (4) person belonging ;

[f. L aequinoctialis (as foil., see -al)] to place &c. (Londoner, Britisher).
e'quinox, n. Time at which sun crosses equa- -ep 2, suf. in nn. & adjj. f. OF, of various orig.,
tor & day & night are equal (vernal e., March 20 (1) OF -er f. L -arem -ar as sampler.
1
esp. :

autumnal e., Sep. 22 or 23) (pi.) two points at ;

(2) AF -er f. OF -ier f. L -arius -ary \ as butler,
which sun crosses equator; precession of ee. carpenter, danger. (3) OF -cure f. L -aturam-
[f. L aequinoctium (nox -ctis night, equi-)] -ure, as border. (4) see -or 2 .

equi'p, v.t. (-pp-). -6P 3 , suf. forming comparatives now (exc. in

Furnish (ship, army, person, ;

with requisites); dress (oneself Sec.) for journey. poetry and mannered prose) only in adjj. of one
Hence equi'pMENT n. [f. F equipcr, esq-, prob. syllable, or of two ending in -y, -ly, -le, -er, -ow,
f. ON skipa man (ship) f. skip ship] & a few others (esp. w. accent on last syllable ;

o'quipag'e, n. Requisites for an undertak- see -est), & in advv., chiefly those identical
ing; outfit for journey &c. carriage & horses with adjj., as hard; the vowel change seen in
;

with attendants, [f. F equipage (as prec, -age)] German &c. now remains only in elder, better.
e'quipoise, n., & v.t. Equilibrium (often [OE (adj.) -ra f. OTeut. -izon- & -ozon- (adv.) : ;

fig.); counterbalancing thing; (v.t.) counter- -or f. OTeut. -6z]

balance, hold (mind) in suspense, [equi-] -eP 4 , suf. esp. in Law terms, as cesser, dis-
equipo'llent, a. & n. Equal in power, force, claimer, misnomer, user; also dinner, supper.
&e. practically equivalent (n.) e. thing. So Meaning: (single instance of) the vbl action,
; ;

equipo*llE.\*CE, -excv, nn. [f. OF equipolcnt document effecting this. [F infin.]

f. L aequipollentem (equi-, pollere be strong)] -6P 5 ,suf. forming frequent, vbsf. others (wan-
equipo'ndepate, v.t. Counterbalance. So der, waver, f. wend, wave) or on sound imita-
equipo'ndePANT a. & n. [f. med.L aequi- tions (£irifter); batter, flicker, shimmer, slumber.
(ponderare weigh f. pondus -eris weight), see ep*a, n. System of chronology starting from
EQUI- & -ATE 3 ] some particular point of time, as Christian e.,
equipote'ntial, a. (physics). In which the e. of the hegira historical or other period ;

potential of a force is the same or constant at date forming commencement of this. [f. LL
all points, [equi-] aera number expressed in figures (pi. of aes
e'quitable, a. Fair, just, whence equit- acris money, treated as fern, sing.)]
ableNESS n., e'quitabLY 2 adv.; (of claims epadia'tion, n. Emission of rays, [e-]
&c.) valid in equity as opposed to law. [f. F era'dieate, v.t. Tear up by roots ; extirpate,
equitable (as equity" + -able)] get rid of. So epa'dieABLE a., epadieA'TioN
equita'tion, n. (usu. facet.). Riding on n. [f. L K(radicare f. radix -icis root), -ate 3 ]
horse; horsemanship, [f. Lequitatiof. equitare epa'se (-z), v.t. Rub out; obliterate. Hence
f. eques -itis horseman f. equus horse, see -ation] epa'SABLE a., epa*SER 1 (2), epa'suRE (-zher),
e'quity, n. Fairness ; recourse to principles nn. [f. L K(radere ras- scrape)]
of justice to correct or supplement law ; system Epa'stian, a. & n. (Adherent) of the sup
of law coexisting with and superseding com- posed doctrines of Erastus, subordinating ec-
mon and statute law. [f. OF equite f. L aequi- clesiastical to secular power. Hence Epa*-
ta-teni (aequus fair, see -ty)] stianiSM(3) n., Epa'stian ize(3) v.t. & i. [f.
equivalent, a. & n. Equal in value (to) (of Erastus, Heidelberg physician of 16th c., + -ian]
;

words) meaning the same (Chem.) equal in com-; ere (ar), prep. & conj. (poet., archaic). Be-
bining value (to) ; having the same result cor- fore (of time) e. long, before long erewhile,
; ; ;

responding (n.) e. thing, amount, word, &c. So formerly. [OE xr (Du. eer, G eher, ehe) f. OTeut.
;

equi "valE mce, -encv, nn. [f. LL aequi(valere airiz compar. of air adv. early]
be worth), see equi- & -ent] E'pebus(e-),n. (Gkmyth.). Place of darkness
equi*voeal, a. Of double meaning, ambigu- between earth & Hades. [L, f. Gk Erebos]
ous of uncertain nature e. generation (spon-
; ; epe'et 1 , a. Upright, not stooping, (lit. & fig.);
taneous); undecided; (of persons, character, &c.) vertical (of hair &c.) set up, bristling. Hence ;

questionable, suspicious. Hence equivoea'l- epe*etLY 2 adv., ere'etNESS n. [f. L Y.(rigere

ity, equi'voealNESs, nn., equi'voealLY 2 = regere direct) set up]
rect-
adv. [f.LL aequivocus (equi-, vocare call), see-AL] epe'et 2, v.t. Raise, set upright, (onese?/,body,
equi'voeate, Use ambiguous words to
v.i. &c); build (lit. &fig.); form (persons, principles,
Hence equi-
conceal the truth, prevaricate. &c.) into (class, system, &c). [as prec.]
vocation, equi'voeatOR 2 nn. [f. hhaequi- , epe'etile, a. That can be erected e. tissue in ;

vocare (as prec, see -ate 3

)] animals (capable of being distended & becom-
e'quivoque (-k), -oke, n. Pun ; ambiguity. ing rigid under excitement), [f. F Erectile (as
[f. LL aequivocus equivocal] erect >, see -IL)J
 ).; ;;

ERECTION 277 ESCAPE

ere'etion, n. Erecting building, structure,
; erst, adv. (archaic). (Also erstwhile) formerly,
(lit. & fig.), [f. LL erectio(as prec, see -ion)J of old. [OE serest superl. of zer, see ereJ
ere'ctop, n. Person, thing, that erects, as erubescent, a. Reddening, blushing, [f. L
e.-muscle. [-or 2] E(rubescere incept, of rubere), see -ent]
e'remite, n. Hermit (esp. of Christian soli- erueta'tion, n. Belching (lit. & fig., esp. of
taries from 3rd c. onwards). Hence eremi*- volcano), [f. L eructatio (Eructare, see -ation)|
tic(AL) aa. [f. LL as hermit] e'pudite, a. (Of persons & writings) learned.
e'pethism, n. (path.). Abnormal excitement Hence or cogn. e'PuditeLY 2 adv., epudi'tiox
(of organ or tissue, fig. of mind), [f. F brtthisme n. [f. L Ent dire -it- train (rudis rude)]

f. Gk erethismos (erethizo irritate, see -ism)] epu'pt, v.i. (Of teeth) break through gums
erg", ep*g"on, n. (physics). Work done by a (of volcano) break out. [f. L E(mmpere rvpt
force that acting for one second on mass of one break)]
gramme produces velocity of one centimetre epu'ption, n. Outbreak (of volcano, whence
per second, [f. Gk ergon work] eru'ptionAL a. also of geyser, disease, war,;

ergo, adv. (usu. facet.). Therefore. [L] passion, mii-th, wit) ; (Path.) breaking out (of
er*g?ot(-ot), n. Disease of rye &c. caused by rash, pimples, &c); (of teeth) breaking through
fungus diseased rye seed as medicine. [F, f.
;
gums. [f. L eruptio (as prec, see -ion)]
OF argot cock's spur, f. appearance produced] epu'ptive, a. Bursting forth; tending to
er'grotism, n. = prec; disease produced by burst forth of, formed by, forced up by, vol-
;

bread made from flour affected by this, [-ism] canic eruption. Hence ePU'ptiveLY 2* adv.,
E'Pin (e-), n. (Ancient name of) Ireland. epu'ptiveNESS, epupti"viTY, nn. [f. F trup-
eri'stic, a. & n. (Art) of disputation,
•
[f. Gk tif, -ive (as erupt, see -i\e)]
eristikos (erizo eris strife, see -ic)]
f. -epy, -py, suf. forming nouns, orig. in wds f.

ep'mine, n. Animal of weasel tribe, whose -erie. (a) f. com. -Rom. -aria = h-ario- (F -icr,
fur is brown in summer & white (except black -er) +-ia -Y l ; F wds
in -ier usu. denote person
tail-tip) inwinter; its fur, used in robes of having some occupation, wds in -erie the class
judges & peers (often poet, as emblem of purity), of goods he deals in, as draperie, his employ-
whence ep'minED 2 (-ind)a.; (Herald.) white ment, as archerie, his place of work, as bov.l-
marked with black spots, [f. OF (h)erminc (Pro v. angerie -erie was also used without exist-
;

ermini), etym. dub.] ing wd in -icr, as soierie (soie) silk goods,

-era, suf. in northern &c. f. OTeut. -ronjo- niaiserie (niais) foolishness, (b) f. OF -ere, -eor
(-ro- + -onjo- = L -aneus). (mod. F -eur) f. L -ator + -ie. On anal, of wds
epne, n. Golden Eagle Sea-Eagle. [OE earn ; thus formed, -erie was added to vb stems direct,
(Du. arend) f. OTeut. arnuz, cf. Gk ornis bird] w. sense class of actions (tromperie deceit),
epo'de, v.t. (Of acids, currents, &c.) gnaw occupation (confiserie confectioner's business),
away, destroy gradually, wear out. So epo*- place of this (brasserie brewery). Many E wds
sio.v (-zhn) n., epO'siVE (-s-) a. [f. F eroder f. L are f. F others are formed on nn. in -er (bakery,
;

E(roclere ros- gnaw)] fishery, pottery), or on others (knavery, slavery,

epo'tie, a. &
n. Of love, amatory (n. ) e. poem, ;
popery). Meanings: (1 class of goods (drapery); )

[f. Gk erotikos (eros -otos sexual love, see -ic)] (2) employment or condition (archery, dupery) ;

ePO'toma'nia, n. (path.). Melancholy, mad- (3) place of work or cultivation or breeding

ness, arising from love. [f. Gk eros (as prec.) (bretcery, vinery, \riggery) ; (i) conduct (foolery) ;

-t- -mania] (5) all that has to do with (popery), things of

epp (er), v.i. (part. & vbl n. pron. er"ing). Make the nature of.
mistakes ; (of statements &c.) be incorrect ; sin. epysi'pelas, n. (Also St Anthony's fire,
[f. F errer f. L errare] the rose) local febrile disease producing deep
e'PPand, n. Short journey on which an in- red colour on skin. [Gk erusipelas, etym.
ferior is sent to carry message &c, as run, go, dub.]
(on) ee., e.-boy, object of journey; purpose. epythe'ma, n. Superficial inflammation of
[OE xrende, cf. Da. xrinde, etym. dub.] the skin in patches, [f. Gk eruthema f. eruth-

e'ppant, a. & n. Roaming in quest of adven- aino be red (eruthros)]

ture, esp. knight-e. ; itinerant ; erring, deviating -es, old genit. termination used to give adv.
from correct standard, whence cppanc y n. ;
(n. force; appearing as -s (needs), -ce (once), (by &
knight-e. [F(l) f. OF errer, esrer, edrer, f. vulg. confus. w. superl.) -st (against) also in the ;

L iterare (iter journey), (2) as err; see -ant] emphatic absolute forms ours, yours, hers, &c
e'ppantpy, n. Condition, conduct, notions, Often on false anal., as betimes, besides, nowa-
of a knight-errant, [-ry] days.
eppa'tie, a. Uncertain in movement (of dis- ;
escala'de, n. Scaling of walls with ladders.
eases) moving from one part to another ir- ; [F, Sp. escalada
f. f. med.L scalare (scala

regular in conduct, habit, opinion; (Geol.) e. ladder), see -ade]

blocks, stray masses foreign to surrounding escallo'nia, n. S.-Amer. genus of flowering
strata. Hence eppa*tiCALLY adv. [f. L erra- shrubs. [Escallon, discoverer, -ia 1 ]
ticus (as err, see -atic] esea'llop. See scallop.
eppa'tum, n. (pi. -ta). Error in printing or escapa'de, n. Breaking loose from restraint
writing, esp. (pi.) errors noted in list attached flighty piece of conduct. [F, f. Sp. escapada (as
to book. [L, neut. p.p. as prec] escape 2 see -ade)] ,

eppo'neous, a. Mistaken, incorrect. Hence esea'pe l3 n. Act of escaping ; fact of having

eppo'neousL y 2 ad v. eppo'neousxEss n. [f escaped; leakage (of gas &c); garden plant
,

L erronens(erro-onis vagabond, as err) + -ous] growing wild =fire-c e.-pipe, -valve, (for e. ; ;

e'PPOP, n. Mistake, as make, commit, an e., of steam or water) e. -shaft (for e. of miners ;

clerical e. condition of erring in opinion

; when other shaft is blocked), [f. foil.]
wrong opinion e. of a planet, difference be- esea'pe 2 v.i. & t. Get free (from prison,
; ,

tween its observed & calculated positions; person, &c.) (of steam, fluids, &c) find a way ;

(Law) writ of e. (to procure reversal of judg- out ; get off safely, go unpunished (trans.) get ;

ment on ground of e.); transgression. Hence clear away from (person, his.grasp, &c), avoid
Cppopless n. [OF, f. L errorem (as err, -or l )] (unpleasant thing, doing) elude notice or re- ;

Erse, a. & n. Highland Gaelic (dialect); (vulg.) collection of, as his name had escaped me (of ;

Irish, [early Sc form of Irish] words) issue unawares from (person, his lips).
 ; = ;;;
.

ESCAPEMENT 278 ESSENTIAL

OF eschaper, ONF cscaper (Sp.
[f. escapar), f. chiefly to particular case. Hence espe'cial-
LL EX(cappare f. cappa cloak)] ly 2 adv. (OF, f. L as special]
esca'pement, Outlet (of watch or clock)
n. ; Espera'nto, n. An artificial language de-
mechanism connecting motive power & regula- signed as a medium for persons of all nations.
tor. [-MENT] espi'al, n. Acting as a spy ; watching
escar'p, n., & v.t. Steep hank immediately espying, OF espiaille, as espy, see -al(2)]
[f.
in front of & below rampart similar natural ; espieglepie (F), n. Roguishness.
formation; (v.t.) cut into form of e., so es- espionage (-Ij, -ahzh), n. Practice of spying
eap'pMENT n. [(vb f. F escarper) f. F escarpe or using spies, [f F espionnage f espion spy f
. .

f. Scarpa scarp]
It. It. spione (of espy), see -age]
Teut. orig., cf.
-eseent, suf. forming adjj. f. L part, of in- esplana'de, n. Level piece of ground, esp.
ceptive vbs (-escens -ntis), as effervescent, & one used for public promenade level space ;

thence in wds usu. describing play of colour, separating citadel of fortress from town. [F,
as iridescent, opalescent, or merely adjectival, f. Sp. esplanada f. esplanar f. L Explanare
as alkalescent. make level ( planus), see -ade]
esehalo't (esh-). See shallot. espou'sal n. (archaic). (Usu. pi.) mar-
(-zl),
esehato'logy (esk-), n. Doctrine of death, riage or betrothal (fig.) espousing of (a cause
;

judgment, heaven, & hell. Hence eschato- &c). [f. OF espousailles f. L sponsali a neut.
lo'gicAL a. [f. Gk eskhutos last + -logy] pi. (sponsus p.p. as foil., see -al)]
eschea't 1 (estsh-), n. Lapsing of property espou'se (-owz), v.t. (Usu. of man) marry;
to crown or lord of manor on owner's dying in- give (woman) in marriage (to) adopt, support, ;

testate without heirs property so lapsing, [f.

;
(doctrine, cause, &c). [f. OF espouser f. L
OF eschete f. escheoir f. LL EX(cadere fall)] sponsare (sponsus p.p. of spondere betroth)]
eschea't 2, v.t. & i. Confiscate; hand over espressi'vo (-evo), adv. (mus.). With ex-
(property) as an escheat (to person, into his pression. [It.]
hands); revert by escheat (to or abs.). [prec] esprit (espre ), n. Sprightliness ; wit e. de
-
;

eschew (estshoo'h v.t. Avoid, abstain from, corps (de kor), regard for honour & interests of
(action, conduct, kind of food, &c). [f, OF body one belongs to e. fort (pron. for), strong- ;

eschiveri. com.-Rom. skivare, cf. G scheuen] minded person, freethinker. [F, f. L as spirit]
esclandre (F), n. Scandal disturbance. ; espy, v.t. Catch sight of detect (flaw &c). ;

e'SCOPt , n. Body of armed men acting as

1
[f. OF espier ult. f. spehon spy] OHG
guard to persons, baggage, &c. person(s) ac- ; -esque, suf. forming adjj., = F -esque f. It.
companying another on journey for protection -esco f. med.L -iscus in Teut. wds cf. -isc ; OHG
or guidance, or for courtesy's sake. [f. Fescorte (mod. -isch) =-ish 1 meaning 'after the manner ;

f. It. scorta f. scorgere conduct f. LL *ex(cor- of, as arabesque, Dantesque, burlesque.

rigere f. regere direct)] Esquimau. See eskimo.
eseop't 2, v.t. Act as escort to. [f. prec] appended to name of one esquipe*, n. Title
esepi'be, v.t. (math.). Describe (circle) so as regarded as gentleman by birth, position, or
to touch one side of triangle exteriorly & the education, esp. in address of letter (abbr. Esq.) ;

other two produced, [f. e- + L scribere write] (archaic) squire, [f. OF esquierl. L scutarius
escritoire (-twar'r), n. Writing-desk with shield-bearer (scutum shield, -ary ] )]
drawers &c. for stationery. [F (now e"c-), f. LL ess, n. S(-shaped thing) collar 1 ofee. ;

scriptorium (as prec, see -Orv)] -ess *, suf. forming female nn. f. F (countess,
e'sculent, a. & n. (Thing) fit for food. [f. L lioness) or on E wds (goddess) in 15th c. the OE ;

cscidentus (esca food, see -lent)] fem. -ster (now only in spinster) came to be
escu'tcheon (-tshn), n. Shield with armorial regarded as masculine, & could take fem. -ess
bearings a blot on his e. (stain on reputation)
; (seamstress) agent nn. in -ter, -tor, regularly ;

middle of ship's stern where name is placed, have -tress (chantress) other exx. are author- ;

[f. ONF escuchon f. LL *scutionem (L scutum ess &c (author &c now preferred), giantess,
shield, see -ion)] Quakeress; governess (formed on vb) is irreg.,
-ese, suf. forming adjj. (& nn.), f. OF-ei'.s=It. perh. on anal, of sorceress (formed on old sorcer
-ese f. L -ensis local suf. (usu. now -ian, as not on sorcerer, which has double agent suf.)
A theniensis Athenian); applied to some foreign euphony leads to same clipping in adventuress,
countries & towns (Japanese, Milanese), either murderess -tress is now recognized angliciz. ;

as adj. or meaning 'inhabitant' (pi. -ese)or of F

-trice (L -trix -tricis), though of difE, orig.
'
language ' ; also used spec (adj. or n. ) of diction [f. F
-esse f. f. -issa] LL Gk
of mannered writers (Carlylese), as though a -ess 2, suf. in abstr. nn. f. adjj., as duress,
non-English language. largess ; riches, laches, are exx., mistaken for
e'skap, n. (geol.). Mound of post-glacial pi. [ME & OF -esse = It. -ezza f. L -itia -ice]
gravel in Irish river valleys, [f. Ir. eiscir] e'ssay 1
, n. Attempt (at); a literary com-
Eskimo*, -quimau* (-kinio), n. (pi. -oes, position (usu. prose & short) on any subject,
-aux, pr. -mozli. Member of a race in N. America. whence e'ssayiST(.S) n. [f. OF essai = assay *]
esote'Pie, a. (Of philosophical doctrines &c.) essay* 2 v.t. & Try, test, (person, thing) , i.

meant only for the initiated ; (of disciples) ini- attempt (task, to do, or abs.h [refash. f. assay 2
tiated ; private, confidential. Hence esote'pi- on F essayer]
cal a., esote'PiealLY adv. 2 If. Gk esoterikos essence, n. An existence or entity (spiritual
(esotero compar. of eso within, see -ic)] or immaterial) ; absolute being, reality under-
espag-nole'tte (-anyolet), n. Fastening of lying phenomena all that makes a thing what ;

French window. [F, dim. olespagnol Spanish] it is objective character indispensable quali- ; ;

espa'liep, n. Lattice-work on which trees ty or element extract obtained by distillation ;

or shrubs are trained tree so trained. [F, f. It. &c (lit. & fig.); perfume, scent, whence e*s-
;

spalliera (spalla shoulder)] seneED 2 a. [F, f. L essentia f. *essens -ntis fic-

espap'to, n. (Also e. grass) kind of rush im- titious part, of esse be, repr. Gk ousia]
ported from Spain for paper-making. [Sp., f. Esse'ne, n. Member of an ancient Jewish
L f. Gk sparton rope of the plant spartos] sect, of mystical tenets cenobitical life. [f. &
espe'cial (-shl), a. Pre-eminent, exceptional, L f. Gk Essenos, etym. dub.]
as my e. friend, thing of e. importance parti- ; essential (-shl), a. & n. Of, constituting, a
cular (opp. to ordinary, cf. special) belonging ; thing's essence ; indispensable (to) ; e. proposi-
 ;
. ;

-EST 279 ETHIC

tion, one that predicates of a subject what is (from another). Hence estpa'ngeMENT n.
implied in its definition e. character (of
; [f. OF estranger f. L extraneare (as strange)]
species, genus, &c), marks that distinguish it estrea't, v.t, (law). Take out record of (fine,
from others included with it in next superior bail, &c.) & return it to Court of Exchequer to
division e. harmony (belonging to one particu-
;
be prosecuted, [f. estreat n. record f. OF es-

lar key) e. oil, volatile oil, marked by charac-

; traite fern. p.p. of estraire extract f. L Ex(tra-
teristic odour &c. (n.) indispensable element.
: here tract- draw)]
Hence essentia'liTY n., esse'ntialLY 2 adv. e'stuary, n. Tidal mouth of large river.
[f. LL essentialis (as essence, -al)] Hence e'stuaPiNE 1 a. [f. L aestuarium neut.
-est, suf. forming superl. adjj. & advv. (& adj. as n. (aestus -us tide, see -ary 1 )]
first, last); for limits of use see -er 3 but , esup'ient, a. (facet.). Hungry; needy and
many adjj. can bear -est though not -er, as awk- greedy. So esup'iENCE, -ency, nn. [f. L esur-
ward, barren, fragile, loyal, legible, & many in ire, desiderative f. edere es- eat]
-id, as limpid ; in poetry & mannered prose -est -et 1 ,suf. forming (orig.)dimm., many not now
is used w. almost any adj., & appended to advv. realized as such mostly in ; adoptions f. F ME
in -ly, as quickliest. [OE -ost, -ust, -ast, f. OTeut. (bullet, hatchet, sonnet) double dim. -let (F -el
;

-osto*, & OE -est, -st, f. OTeut. -isto- (compar. -6z-, + -et) is living suf. [OF -et & -ette (dist. only in
iz-, + Aryan -to-), cf. Gk -isto- -iz- required
; mod. E = It. -etto, -etta, etym. dub.]
vowel change, now only in eldest, bestJ -et 2, -ete, suf. in agent nn. f. Gk, -et in older
esta'blish, v.t. Set up (government, house or familiar wds, as poet, comet, anchoret, -ete
of business, &c.) on permanent basis settle ; in newer or learned ones, as athlete, aesthete,
(person, oneself, -in office &c); secure perma- exegete. [f. Gk -etes (-tes of agent n. as appended
nent acceptance foe (custom, precedent, belief, esp. to vbs in -co, -ad) epithet, paraclete, are
;

&c.) ;
place beyond dispute (fact, that) ; make not exx. diabetes retains full form]
;

(church) national, [f. OF establir (st. -iss-) f. L e'tacism (a-), n. Prominciation of Gk e as

stabilire (as stable a.)] English a (cf. itactsm). [f. Gk eta letter e, -ism]
establishment, n. Establishing ; Church eiat-major (F), n. (mil.). Staff, staff-office.
E., the E.,church system established by law; et ee'tepa, etee'tera, phr. & n. (pi. -as).
organized body of men maintained for a pur- (Abbr. etc., &c.) & the rest, & so on, as Iremain
pose, as army, navy, civil service peace, tear, ;
yours etc. ; (n. pi.) extras, sundries. [L]
e., reduced, increased, army in time of peace, eteh, v.t. &i. Reproduce (pictures &c), por-
war ; staff of servants &c. ; tray (subject),
public institution, by engraving metal-plate &c. by
house of business; household, as separate means of acids or corrosives, esp. for purpose
e. (of
man maintaining paramour), [-ment] of printing copies (intr.) practise this art. [f. ;

establishmentap'ian, a. & n. (Person) Du. ctsen f. G dtzen etch f. OHG ezjan cause to
adhering to, advocating the principle of, an eat or be eaten f. OTeut. atjan make eat]
established church, [-arian] etching, n. In vbl senses, esp. copy from
estaminet (F), n. Cafe in which smoking is etched plate e.-needle, used in e. [-ing l ] ;

allowed. etep'nal, a. That always (has existed &) will

esta'te, n. Order, class, forming part of body exist, as e. life, punishment; e. city; (colloq.)
politic & sharing in government the Three Ee. incessant, too frequent, as these e. bickerings.
;

(in England), Lords Spiritual, Lords Temporal, Hence or cogn. etep*n(al)iZE(3) v.t., etep*-
Commons; third e., (usu.) French bourgeoisie nalLY 2 adv. [OF, f. LL aetemalis (aeternus
before Revolution (facet.) fourth e., the press
;
for aeviternus f. aevum age, see -al)]
person's interest in landed property (real e.) or etep'nity, n. Being eternal immortal fame ;

movables (jiersonal e.), whence esta'tED 2 a. (pi.) eternal truths infinite time, esp. future ; ;

a landed property one's collective assets & the future life. [f. F etetmite f. L aeternitatem
;

liabilities (archaic) condition, as the holy e. of (aetermis, see prec.

;
-ty)] &
matrimony, [f. OF estat f. L as state] Ete'sian, a. E. winds (blowing annually in
estee'm, v.t,, &n. Think highly of consider, Mediterranean from N. W. for about 40 days in
;

as I shall e. it (as) a favour; (n.) favourable summer), [f. L f. Gk etesios (etos year) + -an]
opinion, regard, respect, [(n. f. vb) f. OF estimer -eth, suf. See -th 2 .

f. Las ESTIMATE 2 ] e'thep, n. Clear sky, upper regions beyond

e'stimabie, a. Worthy of esteem. [F, f. L clouds (Physics) subtle elastic fluid permeat- ;

aestimabilis (as prec, see -ble)] ing space & filling interstices between particles
e'stimate l (-at), n. Approximate judgment of air & other matter, medium through which
(of number, amount, &c.) quantity assigned light- waves are propagated, whence e'thepic
;

by this the Ee., forecasts of national expendi- a. (Chem.) colourless light volatile liquid pro-
; ;

ture, presented annually to parliament; con- duced by action of sulphuric acid & other acids
tractor's statement of sum for which he will on alcohol, an anaesthetic, [f. L f. Gk aither f.
undertake specified work; judgment of char- root otaitho burn, shine]
acter or qualities, [f. L aestimaUis -us (as ethep'eal, -ial, a. Light, airy; heavenly;
foil.)] of unearthly delicacy of substance, character,
e'stimate 2 , v.t. Form an estimate of; fix or appearance, whence ethepea'liTY, ethe-
(number &c.) by estimate at (so much) form pealizA'TioN, nn., ethep*ealizE(3) v. t., eth-
;

an opinion of. So e'stimativE a., e'stima- ep'ealLY 2 adv. (Physics, Chem.) of, like, eth- ;

tOR 2 n. [f L aestimare, see -ate 3 ]

. er, so e'theriFiCA'TioN n., e'thepiFY v.t. e. ;

estimation, n. Judgment, as in my e. oil, essential or volatile oil. [f. L (-ens, -ius) f.

esteem, as hold in e., be in e. [f. OF estimacion Gkaitherios (as prec.)]
f. L aestimationem (as prec, see -ation)] e'thepize, v.t. Put (patient) under influence
estival &c. See aest-. of ether. Hence etherizA'TiON n. [-ize]
esto*p,v.t. (law) (-pp-). Bar, preclude, (from e'thie, a. & n. (Now usu. ethical) relating to
thing, from Aoing). Hence esto'ppAGE n. [f morals, treating of moral questions e. dative ;

OF estoper (estoupe f. L stuppa tow)] (of person indirectly interested in fact stated)
estra'de (-ahd), n. Raised platform, dais. [F, (n. pi.) science of morals, treatise on this, moral
f. Sp. estrado f. L straftim neut. p.p. of sternere principles, rules of conduct, whole field of moral
spread (with carpets)] science. Hence e'thie al a., e'thiealLY 2 adv.,
estra'nge, v.t. Alienate (person) in feeling e'thieiZE(3) v.t. [f. L f. Gk ethikos (ethos, -ic)j
ETHIOPIAN 280 EUTERPE
Ethio'pian (e-), a. & n.
(Native) of Ethiopia, OF eucariste f. LL f. Gk eukharistia f. EU(kha-
esp. (Anthropol.) as epithet of one of the races ristos kharizomai offer willingly) grateful]
f.
into which human species is divided, [-an] euehlop'ine, n. A gaseous mixture of chlor-
e'thnie, -ioal, aa. Pertaining to race, ethno- ine and oxide of chlorine, [eu- + Gk khloros on
logical, whence e'thniealLY 2 adv. (-ic) gen- ; anal, of chlorine]
tile, heathen, whence e*thniciSM(2) n. [f. Gk eu'ehpe (-ker), n. & v. t. American card game
,

etfanikos (ethnos nation, see -ic)J for 2, 3, or 4 persons (v. t.) gain advantage over
;

ethno'graphy, n. Scientific description of (opponent) by his failure to take three tricks at

races of men. So ethno'GRAPHER n., ethno- euchre (also fig.). [?]
g pa phic(AL)aa.,ethnog'Pa phicalLY 2 adv. eud(a)e*monism,
,
, ,
n. System of ethics bas-
[f. nation + -graphvJ
Gk ethnos ing moral obligation on tendency of actions to
ethno'logy, n. Science of races & their re- produce happiness. So eude*moniST(2) n. [f.
lations to one another & characteristics. So Gk EV(daimon guardian genius) happy, -ism]
ethnolo , g ic(AL)aa.,ethnolo*giealLY-adv.,
,
eudio'metep, n. Instrument showing quan-
ethno'LOGiST n. [as prec. + -logy] tity of oxygen in air. So eudiome'tPic(AL)
etho*log"y, n. Science of character-forma- aa., eudiome'tpiealLY 2 adv., eudio'METRY
tion. Hence etholo'gicAL a. [f. L f. Gk etho- n. [f. Gk KU{dios, st. of Zeus, gen. Dios, god of
logia (ethos, see -logy)] the sky) clear + -meter]
e*thos,n. Characteristic spiritof community, euge'nic (-j-), a. & n. Of the production of
people, or system. [Gk, = character, nature, dis- fine (esp. human) offspring; (n. pi.) science of
position] this. Jf. EC- + Gk gen- produce + -ic]
e'tiiyl, n. (chem.). Base of ordinary alcohol, euhe'mepism, n. Reference of myths to
&
common ether, acetic acid. [f. ether, -yl] So euhe*mepiST(2) n., eu-
historical basis.
-etic, suf. of adjj. &
nn. = Gk agent suf. -et-ov hemepi'stic a., euhe*mepiZE(4) v.t. & i. [f.
•et- + -io, in wds f. Gk or on Gk models, as emetic Euhemerus, Sicilian author c. 316 B.C..+ -ism]
(Gk emetikos), ascetic (Gk asketikos). eu'logize, v.t. Extol, praise, in speech or
e'tiolate, v. t. Make (plant) pale by excluding So eu'log'iST(l) n., eulogi'stic a., writing.
light ; give sickly hue to (person). Hence etio- eulogi'stiCALLY adv. [f. foil. + -ize]
LATION n. [f. F etioler f. Norm, bticuler grow eu'logy, n. Speech, writing, in praise of per-
into haulm (iteule f. L stipula straw)] son &c, as pro nounce his e., pronounce a e. on
etiology. See aetiology. him; praise, [prob. f. med.L (also used as E)
etique'tte (-ket), n. Conventional rules of eulogium irreg. f. Gk E\j(logia -logy)]
personal behaviour in polite society ;ceremonial eu'nuch {-uk), n. Castrated male person, esp.
of court; unwritten code restricting professional one employed in harem, or (in Oriental courts
men in whatconcernsinterests of their brethren & under Roman empire) employed in state
ordignityof theirprofession,esp. medical, legal, affairs, [f. L f. Gk eunoukhos lit. bedchamber
e. [f. F itiquette ticket, etiquette] attendant (eune bed + okh- st. of ekho hold)]
e'tna, n. Vessel for heating small quantity eud'nymus, n. Genus of shrubs, [f. L f. Gk
of liquid by burning spirit, [f. the volcano] KV(6numos f. onoma name) of lucky name]
E'ton (e-), n. E. jacket, boy's short coat reach- eupe'ptie, a. Of, having, good digestion,
ing to hips. [f. Eton College] [f. Gk ~EU(peptos f. pesso, pepto, digest) + -ic]
Etru'sean, a. &
(Native) of ancientn. eu'phemism Substitution of mild
j(-fl-), n.
Etruria. [f. L Etruscus + -an] or vague expression for harsh or blunt one ; ex-
etseqq., sequentes, -tia, (in reference to pression thus substituted, as queer is a e. for * '

books &c). And the words, pages, &c, that 4

viad '.
So euphemi'stic a. euphemi'stic- ,

follow. [L] ally adv., eu*phemizE(l, 2) v.t. & i. [f. Gk

-ette, suf. forming dim. nn. (rarely adjj.),repr. euphemisinos f. EV(phe)7ios f. pheme speaking,
OF -ette, the fern, corresp. to -et. Older adop- fame), see -ism]
tions f. F now have -et -ette appearing chiefly ; euphd'nium, n. (mus.). Bass instrument of
in wds introduced since 17th c, as cigarette, saxhorn family. [mod.L, f. Gkeuphonos see foil. 1

etiquette. (2) A
mod. commerc. use, = sham '
', eu'phony,n. Pleasing sound; quality of hav-
is seen in leatherette, Brusselette (carpet). ing this (usu. of words, phrases, &c); tendency
etui* (-we), etwee*, n. Small case for needles, to phonetic change for ease of pronunciation.
tooth-picks, &c. [f. F 6tui, etyni. dub.] So euphd'nic, eupho'nious, aa., euphd'n-
etymo'logrize, v.t & i. Give, trace, the ically, eupho'niousLY 2 advv., eu'phon- ,

etymology of suggest etymology for study

; ; ize(3) v.t. [f. F euphonic f. Gk euphonia f. EU-
etymology, [f. Lhetymologizare (as foil., -ize)] phonos (phone sound)]
etymo'logy, n. Account of, facts relating to, eu'phpasy, n. - EYEbright. [f. med.L f. Gk
formation &
meaning of word ; branch of lin- euphrasia cheerfulness f. EVphraiyw gladden
guistic science concerned with this; part of (phren mind)]
f;rammar treating of individual words their & eu'phuism, n. Artificial or affected style of
ormation &
inflexions. Hence or cogn. ety- writing (prop., in imitation of Lyly's Euphues,
mo'LOGER, etymo'LOGiST, nn., etymolo'gri- 1580); high-flown style. Soeu*phuiSTn.,eu-
c(al) aa., etymolo'glealLY 2 adv. [f. OF ethi- phui'stic a., euphui'stiCALLY adv. [-ism]
mologief. L f. Gk etumologia, (as foil., -logy)] Eura'sian (-shan), & n. (Person) of mixed a,.

e'tymon, n. Primary word that gives rise to European & Asiatic parentage of Europe & ;

a derivative. [L, f. Gk etunwn (neut.

etumos of Asia, Europe + Asia + -A1S]
[t
true) literal sense, original form, of a word] eure'ka, int. & n. (The exulting exclama-
eu- in comb. = Gk eu well, cf. dys-. tion) 'I have (found) it!' (also as trade name),
eucalyptus, n. Genus of plants including [f. Gk heureka 1st pers. perf. of heurisko find]
Australian Gum tree. [f. EU-+Gk kaluptos Eupope'an, a. & n. (Native) of Europe hap- ;

covered(A:aZi*ȣ6),flowerbeingprotectedbycap] pening extending over, Europe, as a E. re-

in,
eu'eharis (uk-), n. (Also e. lily) S.-Amer. putation. Hence Eupope*aniSM(2, 3,4), Eu-
bulbous plant with white bell-shaped flowers. popeanizA'TioN, nn., Eupope anizE(3) v.t. #

[Gk EV(kharis grace) pleasing] [f. F europien f. L Europaeus (L f. Gk Europe

eu'chapist (uk-), n. Lord's Supper conse- ; Europe) + -an]
crated elements, esp. the bread, as give, re- Eutep'pe, n. A Muse, goddess of music,
ceive, the E. Hence euehapi , stic(AL) aa. Lf. whence Eutep'peAN a.; genus of palms. [Gk]
 ; :;

EUTHANASIA 281 EVERY

euthana'sia f-z-, -s-~), n. Gentle & easy death; in quality in same plane or line (with) equally
; ;

bringing about of this, esp. in case of incurable balanced, as e. -handed justice equal in number ;

& painful disease. [Gk (eu- + thanatos death)] or amount (Law, Commerc.) of e. (same) date
;
;

eva*cuate,v.t. Empty (esp. stomach or bodily (of temper &c.) equable, unruffled (of numbers) ;

organ of contents), whence eva*euANT(2) a. & integrally divisible by two, opp. to odd odd
with, have one's revenge on. Hence
; &
n. ; withdraw from (place ; esp. of troops) ; dis- e. ; be e.

charge (excrement &c. also fig.). So evaeu- ; e'venLY 2 adv., e'venNESS n. [com.-Teut.
a'tion n. [f. L E(vacuare f. vacuus empty)] OE efen, Du. even, ejfen, G eben]
eva'de, v.t. Escape from, avoid, (attack, pur- e'ven , adv. inviting comparison of the asser-
3

suit, designs, adversary, blow, obstacle, &c);
avoid doing (duty &c), answering (question),
yielding to (argument &c.) defeat intention of
(law &c, esp. while complying with its letter)
(of things) elude, baffle.
[f. F Evader f. L E(vadere vas- go)]
eva'g-inate, v.t. (physiol.). Turn (tubular
organ) inside out. So evaginA"TiON n. [f. L
E(vaginare f. vagina sheath), see -ate 3 ]
eva'luate, v.t. Ascertain amount of find
numerical expression for. So evaluA'TiON n.
[f. F ^valuer {e- ex-, value)]
evane'sce (s), v.i. Fade out of sight; become
effaced disappear, [f. L E(vanescere vanish)]
;
evanescent, a. (Of impression, appearance,
&c) quickly fading; (Math.) infinitesimal.
Hence evane'scENCE n., evane'seentLY 2
adv. F evanescent (as prec, see -ent)]
[f.
eva'ngel (-J-), n. (archaic). The Gospel any
of the Four Gospels; doctrine,
politics &c). [f. OF evangi(l)le f. eccl. L f. Gk
EV(aggelion cf. angel) fee for good news]
tion, negation, &c, made with a less strong one
that might have been made, as He disputes e.
; the facts (not merely the inferences from them),
I never e. opened (much less read) it, does he e.
Hence eva'dABLE a. suspect (not to say realize) the danger ?, e. if my
watch is right we shall be late (later if it is slow),
this applies e. more (not merely equally) to
French (than to English); (archaic) neither
more nor less than, just, simply, as e. (quite) so,
; (emphasizing identity) that is, as God, e. our
own God. [OE cfne, as prec]
e'ven 4 , v.t. Make even; treat as equal or
comparable (to). [OE efnan, as prec]
evening (evn-), n. Close of day, esp. sunset
to bedtime ; this time spent in particular way,
as musical ee.; (fig.) decline of life, closing pe-
riod ; e. dress, that prescribed by fashion to be
worn in the c; e.-star, Jupiter, Mercury, or
; (the e.-star) Venus, when seen in West after
principle, (of sunset. [OE xfnung vbl n. f. sefnian (as even 1 )]
eve'nt, n. Fact of a thing's happening, as in
the e. of his death, his coming, if he dies, comes ;

ivang-e'lieCal), a a. & nn. Of, according to,
the teaching of the Gospel or the Christian re-
ligion esp. (usu. -ical) of the Protestant school
;
maintaining that the essence of the Gospel con-
sists in doctrine of salvation by faith, good
works & sacraments having no saving efficacy,
whence evange*liealiSM(3) n. (n.) member of
thing that happens, esp. important thing, as
quite an e., whence eve'ntFUL, eve'ntLESS,
aa.; (in doctrine of chances) any of several
possible but mutually exclusive occurrences
double e., combined occurrence of two ec;
(Sport.) something on the issue of whichinoney
;
is staked result, outcome ; at all ee., in any
;

Hence evange'liealLY 2 adv. [f.

this school. case. [OF, f. L eventus -its f. E(venire come)]
LL f. eccl. Gk euaggelikos (as prec, see -ic, -al)J eve'ntual, a. That will happen under certain
eva'ngelism, n. Preaching of the Gospel circumstances ; ultimately resulting, whence
= EVANGELICALISM. [-ISM.] eve'ntualLY 2 adv. [f. F tventuel (prec, -al)]
eva'ngelist, n. One of the writers of the Four eventuality, n. Possible event, [-itv]
Gospels preacher of the Gospel layman doing
; ; eve'ntuate, v.i. Turn out (well, ill, &c)
home missionary work. [f. F evangeliste f. L result (in or abs.). [f. L as event, -ate 3 ]
(-ta) f. Gk euaggelistes (as evangelize, -ist)] e'vep, adv. Always, at all times, (archaic
evangeli'stic, a. Of the Four Evangelists exc as foil.) for ever (& e.,& a day), for all
;

of preachers of the Gospel; =evangelical. [-ic] future time, incessantly evermore, always e. ; ;

eva'ng-elize, v.t. Preach the Gospel to (per- after, e. since (archaic) e. & anon, now & then;
;

sons, also abs. ); win over (person) to Christianity. (w. negative, question, condition, comparison)
Hence evangelizA'TiON n. [f. eccl. L evange- at any time, as nothing happens, did you e. e.
lizare f. Gk euaggelizomai (as evangel)] hear such stuff ?, ifle. catch him, the best thing
eva'nish, v.i. Vanish ; die away. Hence Ie. heard, as good as e., better thane.; strength-
eva'nishMENT n. [f. OF evanir (-ish 2 ) f. pop. ening as) be as quick as e. you can (emphasiz- ;

L *exvanire = L evanescere evanesce] ing question, colloq.) what e. (vulg. whatever)

eva'popate, v.t. & i. Turn (t. & i.) from solid does he want ?, who e. can it be ?, whiche. Brown
or liquid into vapour (also fig.; esp. colloq., dis- do you mean ?, when, where, how, e. did I drop
appear, die) remove the liquid part of; (intr.)
; it ?, why e. didn't you say so ? e. so (earlier ;

exhale moisture. Soeva'poPABLE, eva'por- never so), very, as it is e. so much easier. [OE
atiVE, aa., evapoPA'TioN, eva*popatOR 2
, xfre, etym. dub., perh. conn. w. aye]
nn. [f. LL Evaporare vapour), see -ate 3 ]
(as e'vepglade, n. (U.S.). Marshy tract of land,
eva'sion (-zhn), n. Act, means, of evading esp. (pi.) swamp in
S. Florida, [prec. glade] +
shuffling excuse. So eva'sivE (-s-) a., eva*- e'vepgreen, a. n. Always green or fresh &
siveLY 2 adv., eva'siveNESS n. [f. F evasion (lit. &
fig.) ; (tree, shrub) having green leaves
f. LL evasionem (as evade, see -ion)] all the year round (cf. deciduous).
Eve ,!). The first woman daughter of^-K, wo-
1
; evepla'sting"* a. &
n. Lasting for ever ; last-
man (often w.allusion to feminine curiosity &c). ing long lasting too long, repeated too often ;
;

[f. Heb. Havvahorig. = life, living] (of plants) keeping shape and colour when dried;
eve 2 Evening or day before (of) a church
, n. (n.) eternity, as from e„ e. flower, strong twilled
festival or any date or event time just before ; woollen stuff. Hence evepla'stingfLY 2 adv.,
anything, as on the e. of an election (archaic) ; evepla'stingNESS n.
evening. [ = even l for loss of -n cf. morrow]
; evep't, v. t. Physiol. ) turn (organ &c ) inside
(

eve'etion, n. Inequality in moon's longitude, out; (archaic) overthrow (government «fec). So

[f. L eveetio
f. E(vehere vect- carry), -ion] evep'siox n. [f. L
E(vertere vers- turn)]
e'ven \ n. (poet.). Evening ; evensong, even- every (e'vri), a. Each, all (w. sing, vb), as e.
ing prayer in Church of England ;eventide,even- word of it is false, (w. possess, pron.) it engaged
ing. [OE xfen, efen ; avond, abend] Du G his e. thoxight, (of succession or alternation) he
e'ven 2 , a. (-er, -est). Level smooth uniform
; ; comes e. day, e. other (i. e. second) day, e. three
 ; L '

EVICT 282 EXAMPLE

days, e. third day e. now <£ then, e. noxo ; & i.) by natural process. Hence evo'lveMENTn.
again, from time to time e. bit (quite) as much', ; [f. L E(volvere volut- roll)]
everybody (else), every (other) person everyday ; evirlsion, Forcible extraction. [fLevul-
n.
(adj.), occurring daily, worn or used on ordinary sio f. E(vellere vuls- pluck), see -ion]
days, commonplace e. one, each, as e. one of ; ewe (u), n. Female sheep. [com.-Aryan OE :

them is wrong; everyone (also e. one), every- eowu, Du. ooi, L ovis, Gk ois, Skr. avi]
body, as everyone likes to have his way every- ; ewep Pitcher; (Commerc.) bedroom
(u-), n.
thing, all things, as everything depends on water-j ug. [f. OF aiguiere f. L * aquaria, fern,
that, thing of first importance, as pace is every- adj. as n. (aqua water, see -ary 1 )]
thing everyway, in e. way, in e. respect every-
; ; ex, prep, (commerc). (Of goods) out of, sold
where, in e. place. [OE xfre xlc ever each] from, (ship, store, &c.) (of stocks or shares) ex ;

evi'et, v.t. Expel (person esp. tenant from ; dividend (abbr. ex div. or x.d.), not including
land &c); recover (property, title to it, of, next dividend. [L]
from, person) by legal process. So evi'etiON, ex-, pref. (1) = ex before h, c, p, q, s (which is
i

evi'ctOR 2 nn. [f. L E(vincere vict- conquer)]

, often dropped), and t becoming ef- before/, e- ;

e'videnee, n., &v.t. Clearness, obviousness, before other consonants; forming vbs with
esp. ine., conspicuous indication, sign, (of qua- ; sense out', 'forth', (exclude, exit), 'thoroughly
'

lity, treatment, &c); testimony, facts, making (excruciate), make so-&-so (exasperate), re-
' ' '

for (also of) a conclusion, esp. (pi.) the Ee. of move, expel, free, from' (expatriate, -onerate,
Christianity; internal, external, e.; (Law) -coriate), and adjj. w. sense 'not having', esp.
information (given personally or drawn from in form e- (ecaudate tailless). (2) = Gk ex (=ek
documents &c. ) tending to establish fact, as call before vowels) out, as exodus. (3) L ex is pre-
(person) in e. (as a witness), circumstantial, fixed to nn. and rarely adjj. (orig. to titles of
presumptive, verbal, e.; turn King's, Queen's, office &c.) in sense 'formerly', 'quondam', as
e., (of accomplice in crime) give e. against one's ex-chancellor, cx-Prime-Minlster.
accomplices ; statements, proofs, admissible as exa'eepbate, v.t. Aggravate (pain, disease,
testimony in court (v.t.) serve to indicate, at-
; anger); irritate (person &c). So exacerbA-
test. So evide'ntiAL (-shl), evide'ntiARY 1 tion n. [f. L KX(acerbare f. acerbus bitter)]
(-sha-), aa., evide'ntialLV 2 adv. [(vb f. n.) f. exa'et 1 , a. Precise, rigorous, (rules, order,
F e'videnee f. L
evidentia (as foil., see -ence)] &c.) ; (of person, judgment, description, report,
e'vident, a. Obvious (to eyes or mind). Hence answer, &c.) accurate, strictly correct; e.
e'videntLY 2 adv. [f. e( videre see), see tent] L sciences (admitting of absolute precision).
evil Bad, harmful ; the E.
(e'vl), a., n., adv. Hence or cogn. exa'etiTUDE, exa'etNESs, nn.
One, the Devil ; of e. (bad) repute, an e. (slan- [f. L p.p. as foil.]
derous) tongue; e. eye, malicious look, pop. be- exa'et 2 , v.t. Demand & enforce payment
lieved to do material harm; (n.) e. thing, sin, of (money, fees, &c, from, of, person), insist
harm e.-doer Aleppo e., a disease of boils ; =
; ; upon (act, conduct, from, of), whence exa'et-
king's e.; (adv.) in e. manner, as speak e. of, ing 2 a, ; (of circumstances) require urgently.
(bibl.) e. entreat, e.-disposed. Hence e'vilLY 2 Hence or cogn. exa'etABLE a., exa'etOR 2 h.
adv. [ME uvel, OE yfel, Du. euvel, G ilbel ; perh L EX(igere act- = agere drive)]
[f.
f. root of up, w. sense ' excessive '] exa'etion, n. Exacting (of money &c.) sum, ;

evi'nee, v.t. Show, indicate, (quality &c, thing, thus exacted ; illegal or exorbitant de-
that &c.) ; show that one has (quality). Hence mand, extortion arbitrary & excessive impost. ;

evi'ncivE a. [as evict] [F, f. L exactionem (as prec., see -ion)]

e'vipate, v.t. Castrate (male) (fig.) deprive ; exa'etly, adv. In adj. senses, esp. (as answer
of manly qualities. So eviPA'TiON n. [f. L or confirmation) quite so, justas you say. [-LY 2 ]
E(virare f. vir man), see -ate 3
] exaggerate (-aj-), v.t. Magnify (thing de-
evi'scerate, v.t, Disembowel (fig.) empty ;
scribed, or abs. ) beyond limits of truth intensify, ;

(thing) of vital contents. Hence eviseePA- aggravate ; make (physical features &c.) of ab-
tion n. [f. L Eviscerare (viscera), see -ate 3
] normal size. Hence or cogn. exa'g-g-epated-
evo'ke, v.t. Call up (spirit from the dead, ly 2 exa'g'gepativeLY 2 advv., exagger-
, ,

feelings, memories, energies) ; summon (cause) a'tion, exa'g'g'epatOR 2 nn., exa'ggepa- ,

to higher court. So evocA'TiON n., e'voea- tiVE a. [f. L EX(aggerare heap up, f. agger
tiVE a. [f. F evoquer f. L E(vocare call)] heap), see -ate 3
]
e'volute, a. & n. E. (curve), locus of centres exa'lt Raise, place high in rank,
(-aw-), v.t.
of curvature of another curve that is its invo- power, &c. praise, extol dignify, ennoble,
; ;

lute, [f. L p.p. as evolve] (esp. in p.p.) ; intensify (colours &c). [f. L ex-
evolirtion, n. Opening out (of roll, bud, &c; (altare f. altus high)]
usu. tig.) appearance (of events &c.)in due suc-
; exalta'tion, n. Raising, lifting up, (usu.
cession evolving, giving off, (of gas, heat, &c);
; fig.); elation, rapturous emotion ; intensifica-
unfolding of curve (Math.) extraction of root ; tion. [F, f. L exaltationem (prec, -ation)]
from any given power (cf. involution) deve- ; examina'tion, n. Minute inspection (of,
lopment (of organism, design, argument, &c.) into);post-mortem e.;"(colloq.abbr. exam) test-
Theory of E. (that the embryo is not created by ing of knowledge or ability (of pupils, candi-
fecundation, but developed from a pre-existing dates) by questions oral or written e.-paper, ;

form) origination of species by development

; series of such questions or of examinee's an-
from by special creation (cf.
earlier forms, not swers to them. Hence examina'tion al a.
creationism), whence evolu'tioniSM, evo- [F, f. L examinationem
(as foil., see -ation)]
lirtioniST, nn., evolutioni'stic a.; forma- exa'mine, Investigate, scrutinize,
v.t. & i.
tion of heavenly bodies by concentration of cos- (accounts, person in or on subject, organ, bag-
mic matter change in disposition of troops or
; gage for contraband goods, theory, statement,
ships wheeling about, movement, in dancing
; one's own conscience, whether) (intr.) inquire
&c Hence evolutionAL, evolu'tionARY *, into. Hence exa'minANT, exa'minEE', ex-
;

aa. [f. L cvolutio (as foil., see -ion)] a'minER 1

, nn., examinatop'iAL a. [f. F ex-
evolirtive, a. Tending to evolution, [-ive] aminer f. L examinare
(examen, for exagmen,
evo'lve, v.t. & i. Unfold, open out, (fig.); set tongue of balance, examination, as exact 2 )]
forth in due sequence give off (heat &c.) de- ; ; exa'mple, n., & v.t. Fact, thing, illustrating
velop, deduce, (theory, facts, &c); develop (t. & general rule ;
problem, exercise, designed to do
 L ; ;;
;

EXANIMATE 283 EXCITE

this ; specimen of workmanship, picture &c. actions &c printed off separately for private
warning to others, as of (punish) make an e. circulation, [as foil.]
him precedent, as beyond, without, e. con-
; ; exeep'pt v.t, 2
, Extract, quote, (passage
duct as object of imitation, as give, set, a good e. ; from book &c, or abs.). Hence or cogn. ex-
take e. by, copy; (v.t,) furnish an e. of (usu. in eer'ptiBLE a., exeer'ptiox n. [f. L Ex(ce?--
p.p.). [(vbf. n.) OF, f. exemplum (as EXEiMPT 1 )] pere cerpt- = carpere pluck)]
exa'nimate (-at), a. Dead lacking anima- exce'ss, n. (Usu. pi.) outrage intemperance
; ;

tion, spiritless, [f. L EXanimare deprive of life in eating or drinking overstepping of due ;

(anima), see -ate 2 limits; fact of exceeding, esp. in

] e. of, more
e'xapch (-k), (Under Byzantine emperors)
n. than amount by which one exceeds another
;

governor of distant province (in Eastern ; e.fare on railway, payment due for travelling
Church) patriarch, bishop, patriarch's deputy. further or in higher class than ticket warrants
So e'xarehATE 1 n. [f. L f. Gk exarkhos f. e.luggage (over the weight for free carriage)
EX(arkho rule)] superabundance, extreme degree, (of cruelty
exa'spepate, v.t. Make worse (ill feeling, &c ) exceeding of the proper amount or degree,
;

disease, pain) irritate (person) provoke (per-

; ;
esp. in, to, So exeessiYE a., excess! ve-
e.
son ro'ill, to do). Hence or cogn. exa'sperat- ly 2 F execs f. L excessus -us(as exceed)]
adv. [f.
ing-Lv 2 adv., exaspePA'TioN n. [f. L ex(«s- exeha'nge \ n. Act, process, of exchanging
perare f. aspcr rough), see -ate 3 ] (0/ goods, prisoners of war, blows, words, &c.)
ex cath&dra, adv. &
Authoritative(ly).
a. exchanging of coin for its equivalent in coin
[L, =from the (teacher's) chair] of same or another country; money-changer's
excavate, v.t. Make hollow ; make (hole, trade par ofe., standard value of coinage of
;

channel) by digging dig out (soil) leaving a ; one country in terms of that of another (rate, ;

hole unearth, get out, by digging. Hence or

; course, of) e,, price at which bills drawn in a
cogn. exeavA'TiON, e'xeavatOR 2 nn. [f. L , foreign currency may be bought, also, difference
EX(cavare f. cavus hollow), see -ate 3 ] between this & par system of settling debts ;

exceed, v.t. & i. Do more than is warranted between persons (esp. in different countries)
by (one's commission, rights, &c.) be greater ; without money, by bills of e. (first, second,
than (quantity, thing, by so much) surpass ; third, ofe., separate bills of even tenor date &
(person &c. in) be pre-eminent, whence ex-
; as security against miscarriage) thing ex- ;

eee'dixG'2 a. & (archaic) adv., exeeedingxY 2 changed for another building where mer- ;

adv. be immoderate in feeding &c. exagger-

; ; chants assemble to transact business, assTOCK-
ate, [f. F exceder f. L EX(cedere cess- go)] e. OF eschange LL excambium (as foil.)]
[f. f.
excel, v.t. i. (-11-). &
Surpass (others in exchange 2 v.t. & Give, receive, (thing)
, i.
quality, Undoing); be pre-eminent (in, at, thing, in place of (for) interchange (blows, another ;

in quality, in doing), [f. F exceller f. L EX(eel- words, glances, &c) (intr., esp. of coin) be re- ;

lere, cf. celsus lofty)] ceived as equivalent/o?' pass (from one regi- ;

e'xeellence, n. Surpassing merit thing in
which person &c. excels. [F, f. L excellentia
(as prec, see -exce)]
e'xeelleney, n. Title (Your, His, Her, E.)
of ambassadors, governors their wives,
some other officers, [as prec, see -ency]
e'xeellent, a, Pre-eminent; very good. Hence
e'XeellentLY 2 adv. [F (as prec, see -ent)]
execlsiop, int. & n. Higher (as trade mark
&c) (U.S.) soft shavings of wood for
; stuffing.
; ment or ship into another) by exchange with
another officer, [f. OF eschangiert LLEX(car?i-
biare change)]
excha'ng-eable, a. That may be exchanged
& & (for) ; e. valve (estimated by that of the goods
for which a thing may be exchanged). Hence
exehangreaBi'LiTY n. [-able]
exchequer (-tsheke?-), n. Department 'of
public service charged with receipt & custody
of revenue Chancellor of the E., finance min-
;

[L, compar. of Excelsus lofty] ister of United Kingdom; royal or national

exee'pt \ v.t. & i. Exclude (thing) from enu- treasury money of private person &c (also
;
;

meration, statement, &c, as present company Court of E.) court of law, now merged in
excepted, e. him, from the general pardon; Queen's Bench Division (orig. using table with
make objection against. So exee'ptiVE a. [f. chequered cloth for accounts) e.-bill (issued by ;

F excepter f. EX(cipere cept- = capere take)] authority of Parliament, bearing interest at

except 2 exee'pting', prep. & conj. (-ingris
, current rate), [f. OF eschequier f. med.Lscocca-
required only after not, without, as we are all rium chess-board (scacchi chess, see -arium)]
fallible, except the pope, but not excepting the exci'se 1 (-z), n., & v.t. Duty charged on home
pope). Not including, but, as we all failed e. goods during manufacture or before sale to
nim, he is everywhere e. in the right place, home consumers government office collecting ;

never to be found e. in the wrong place, it is e. (now Department of Inland Revenue) ex- ;

right that the accents are omitted, e. for the

e. ciseman, officer collecting e. & preventing in-
omission of accents (conj., archaic) unless, as; fringement of e. laws; (v.t.) force (person) to
e. he be born again, [except orig. p.p. (f. L as pay e., overcharge (also fig.). Hence exei's-
prec) in abs. constr. (e. you = you being excepted) ;
abtle a. [(vb f. n.) prob. f. MDu. excijs f. LL
-ing, abs. use of part, of prec] *accensus Accensare tax (census)]
f.
exeep'tion, n. Excepting thing excepted, ; exci'se 2 (-z), v.t, Cut out (passage of book,
thing that does not follow the rule the e. ; limb, organ, &c) (Bot,, Zool.) cut out, notch. ;

proves the rule, (prop.) the excepting of some So exei'siON (-zhn) n. [f. L EX(cidere cis- =
cases shows that the rule exists, or that it ap- caedere cut)]
plies to those not excepted, (pop.) the weaker exei'te, v.t. Set in motion, rouse up, (feelings,
my case, the stronger my conviction take e., ; faculties, &c) provoke, bring about, (action,
;

object to subject, liable, to e. (objection),

; active condition) ;
promote activity of (bodily
whence exee'ptionABLE a. [f. AF excepcioun organs &c) by stimulus; move (person) to
f. L exceptionem (except \ -ion)] strong emotion (Electr., Magnet.) induce ac-;

exceptional, a. Forming an exception un- ; tivity in (substance), set (current) in motion,

usual, as e. advantages. Hence exeeption- whence exeitA'TiON n. (Photog. sensitize ;
a'liTY n., exee'ptionalLY 2 adv. [-al] (plate). Hence or cogn. exeitaBixiTY, ex-
e'xeerpt * (or Ikser -), n. Extract from book ei'teMENT, nn., e'xcitANTa, & n., exel'tABLE.
-

&c. article from learned society's Trans- exei'tATivE, exci'tatORY, aa., exci*tedLY3
 ; ;;;

EXCLAIM 281 EXBNTERATE

adv. [f. F exciter f. L excitare frequent, of ex- of special point in book, usu. in appendix at
(ciere set in motion)] end. [L, vbl n. as excurse]
exclai'm, v.i. & t. Cry out, esp. from pain, excu'se 1 (-z), v.t. Attempt to lessen the
anger, &c. ; utter (words quoted direct or with blame attaching to (person, act) obtain ex- ;

that) thus ; e. against, accuse loudly, [f. F ex- emption for (person, oneself, from duty &c)
clamer f. L EX(clamare shout)] (of things) serve as exculpation for (person,
exclama'tion, n. Exclaiming; words ex- act) accept the exculpation of (person, act)
;

claimed note of e., (!). So exela'matORY a.

; release (person from a duty; also double obj.,
[F, f. L exclamationem (as prec, see -ation)] as we e. him the fee) dispense with, as we will ;

exelu'de, v.t. Shut out (person, thing, from e. your presence; e. me (as apology for lack of
place, society, privilege, &c); prevent the oc- ceremony, interruption, &c also as form of ;

currence of, make impossible, (doubt &c.) ex-
pel & shut out. So exelirsiON (-zhn) n. [f.
L EX(cludere clus- = claudere shut)]
exelu'sive (-s-), a. Shutting out not admit-
ting of; desirous of excluding others, whence
; So exeu'SABLE, exeirsatoRY, aa.,
dissent).
exeu'sabLY 2 adv. [f. OF excuser f. L excu-
sare (causa cause)]
; excu'se 2 (-s), n. Apology offered, exculpa-
tion (usu. in e.of); ground of this plea for re- ;

exclu*sivis.\i(2) n. (of terms &c.) excluding ;

lease from duty [OF (as prec)] &c
all but what is specified employed, followed, ; exeat, n. (In schools, colleges, &c.) per-
to the exclusion of all else, as his e. occupa- mission for temporary absence. [L, 3rd sing,
tion (quasi-adv.) not counting, as 20 men, e. of
;
subj. of ExU're go)]
our own. Hence exelu'siveLY 2 adv., exelir- e'xeepable, a. Abominable. Hence e'xe-
siveNESS n. [f. med. L exclusivus (prec, -i ve)] erabLY 2 adv. [f. L execrabilis (foil., -ble)]
exed'gltate (-j-), v.t. Think out, contrive. execrate, v.t. & i. Express, feel, abhorrence

So exeogitA'TioN n., exeo'gitatiYE a. [f. L for ; (intr.) utter curses. Hence or cogn. exe-
EX(cogitare cogitate)] cpa'tion n., e'xecpativE, aa. exeepatORY,
excommu'nicate, v.t. (Eccl.) cut off (per- [f. L EX(s)ecrari (sacrare devote f. sacer sacred,
son) from participation in sacraments or from accursed), see -ate 3
]
all executant, n. One who executes, perform-
communication with the Church. So ex-
communieATiox, exeommu'nieatOR er, {of, esp. music), [f. F executant, part, as foil.] 2
,

nn., exeommirnieativE, exeommu'ni- execute, v.t. Carry (plan, command, law,

eatORY, aa. [f. LL EX(communicarc f. com- judicial sentence, will) into effect; perform
munis common), see -ate 3 ] (action, operation, &c); make (legal instru-
excd'riate, v.t. Remove part of skin of (per- ment) valid by signing, sealing, &c convey ;

son &c.) by abrasion &c. strip, peel ofF, (skin). (estate) in property
; discharge (office, func- ;

So exeoriATiON n. [f. L Excoriare (corium tion) perform (musical composition) inflict ; ;

hide), see -ate 3 ] capital punishment on. Hence e'xecutABLE

excrement, n. Waste matter discharged a. [f. F executer f. med.L exsecutare f. L EX-
from bowels, dung, (also fig.). Hence or cogn. (sequi secut- follow)]
excreme'ntAL, excpementrTious 1 aa. [f. execution, n. Carrying out, performance ,

F excrement f. L excrement um (as excrete, see dexterity in performing music (of weapons) de- ;

-ment)] structive effect, as do e. (also fig. of personal

excre'scence, n. Abnormal or morbid out- charms &c) seizure of goods or debtor in de- ;

growth on animal or vegetable body (also fig.). fault of payment infliction of capital punish- ;

So exepesee'ntiAL a. [f. L excrescentia (as ment, whence exeeu'tionER 1 n. [f. F execu-

foil., see -ence)] tion f. L executionem (as prec, -ion)]
excrescent, Growing abnormally; re-
a. executive, a. n. &
Pertaining to, having
dundant (Gram., of sound in word) due merely
;
the function of, executing ; (branch of govern-
to euphony, L
EX(crescere cret- grow), -ent]
[f. ment) concerned with executing laws, decrees,
excreta, Waste expelled from body,
n. pi. & sentences (cf. judicial, legislative), [-ive]
esp. faeces & urine.
[L, neut. pi. p.p. as foil.] executor, n. (Pron. e'ks-) one who carries
exepe'te, v.t. (Of animals or plants) separate out or performs (ikze"k-) person appointed by
;

& expel (waste matters, also abs.) from system. testator to execute his will, literary e., person
Hence or cogn. exere'tiox n., exere'tivE, charged with writer's unpublished works &c
excre'tORY, aa. [f. L EX(cernere cret- sift)] Hence exe'eutop'iAL a., exe'cutopsHip,
exepu'eiate (-shi-), v.t. Torment acutely exe'cuTRix (pi. -trices), nn. [f. AF executour
(person's senses) torture mentally. Hence or
; L executorem (execute, -or 2
I. )]
cogn. excpu'eiatingLY 2 adv., excPUciA*- exegesis (-j-), n. Exposition esp. of Scrip-
tio.v (-si-) n. [f. L EX(cruciare torment f. crux ture. So exegetic(AL) aa., exegetiealiA 2
crucis cross), see -ate 3 ] adv. [Gk exegesis KX(hegeomai lead)] f.
e'xculpate, Free from blame; clear
v.t. exemplar, Model, pattern type (of a
n. ;

(person from charge &c). Hence exeulpA class) parallel instance, [f. OF exemplaire f.
-
-
;

tion n., excu'lpatORV a. [f. ex- + L culpa LL exemplar ium (as example, see -ary 1 )]
blame + -ate 3 ] exe'mplapy, a. Fit to be imitated typical ;

exeu'ppent, a. Running out (of arterial ; illustrative serving as a warning. Hence ex-
;

blood) flowing from heart affording an exit ; e'mplariLY 2 adv., exemplapiNESS n. [f.
(Bot.) projecting, [as foil., see -ent] L exemplaris (as example, see -ary 2 )]
exeur'se, v.i. (rare). Wander, digress (usu. exemplify, v.t. Illustrate by example ; be
fig.); make an excursion. Hence exeup'siVE an example of make attested copy of (docu-
;

a., exeup'siveLY 2 adv., exeup'siveNESS n. ment) under official seal. So exe'mpliFiCA'-

[f. L EX(currere curs- run)] tion n. [f. med.L exemplificare (example, -fy)]
exeup'sion, n. Journey, ramble, with inten- exe'mpt 1 , a. & n. Free (from taxation, con-
tion of returning (also fig.); pleasure trip of trol, failings, &c); (n.) person exempted, esp.
number of persons, whence exeur'sionism.; from tax one of four officers sometimes com-
;

e. train (for excursionists, usu. at reduced manding Yeomen of Guard (now usu. exon). [F,
rates); (Astr.) deviation from regular path. f. L ~EX(imere empt- = emcre take)]
Hence exeup'sionAL, exeup'sionARY 1
, aa. exe'mpt 2 , v.t. Free/rowi(asprec). Soex-
[f. L excursio
(as prec, see -ion)] e'mptiON n. [f; F exempter (prec)]
excup'sus, n. (pi. -uses). Detailed discussion exe*ntepate,v.t. Disembowel (only fig.). So
 ; ;
;

EXEQUATUR 285 EXO-

exentePATiON n.
teron intestine), see -ate 3 ]
exequa'tur, n. Recognition of a country's
consul by a foreign government ; temporal
sovereign's authorization of bishop under Papal
authority, or of publication of Papal bulls. [L,
[f. L Exenterare (Gk en- publicly (for amusement, in competition, Sec).
So exhi'bitOR 2 n., exhi'bitORY a. If. L ex-
(hibere hibit- = habere hold)]
exhibition, n. Showing, display, (of thing)
make an e. of oneself, behave so as to excite
contempt public display of works of art &c.
; ;

=he may perform] the Great E., first e. on large scale, London,
e'xequies (-kwlz), n. pi. Funeral rites. [OF, 1851 [f. obs. sense of prec. provide mainten-
;

f. L exsequiae f. EX(sequi follow)] ance] fixed sum given to student for term of
exercise 1 (-z), n. Employment (of organ, years from funds of school, college, &c, whence
faculty, power, right) practice (of virtues, pro- ; exhibitionER l n. [f. OF exhibicion f. LL ex-
fession, functions, religious rites) exertion of ; hibitionem (as prec, see -ion)]
muscles, limbs, &c, esp. for health's sake; exhi'larate (lkzi-), v.t. Enliven, gladden,
bodily, mental, or spiritual training task set ; (person, spirits). So exhi'laPANT(2) a. & n.,
for this purpose; (pi.) military drill, athletics, exhilaPATioN n., exhi'lapatiVE a. [f. L
&c. academical declamation &c. required for
; &x(hilarare hilaris cheerful), see -ate 3 ]
f.

degree composition set to pupils act of wor-

; ; exhort (ikzor't), v.t. Admonish earnestly
ship, [f. OF exercice f. L exercitium f. EX(er- urge (person to do, to a course) advocate (re- ;

cerc -cit- = arcere restrain) keep at work)] form &c. ). So exhoptativE, exhoptatOR v,
e'xereise 2 (-z), v.t. i. Employ (faculty, & aa. [f. L EX(hortari see hortatory)]
right, &c.) ; train (person &c) ; tax the powers exhortation, n. Exhorting formal, litur- ;

of perplex, worry ; discharge (functions) ; take

;
gical, address, [f. L exhortatio (prec, -ation) j

exercise. Hence e'xereiSABLE a. [f. prec] exhu'me, v.t. Dig out, unearth, (lit. & fig.).
exepcitation, n. Practice, training ; liter- So exhumATiON n. [f. F exhumer f. L ex-
ary or oratorical exercise, [f. L exe.rcitatio f. (humare f. humus ground)]
exercitare frequent, as -ation] exercise 1
, e'xigenee, -ey, nn. Urgent need emer- ;

exergue (e'kserg, ekzer"g), n. Small space gency. [F (-ce), f. L exigentia -ency)]

(foil.,
usu.on reverse of coin or medal, below principal exigent (-j-), a. Urgent, pressing requiring ;

device ; inscription there. Hence exep'gUAL much, exacting ; e. of, demanding, [f. L ex-
(-gl) a. [F, prob. f. Gk ex- + ergon work] (igere-agere drive), see -ent]
exert, v.t. Exercise, bring to bear, (quality, exigible (-j-), a. That may be demanded or
force, influence) ; e. oneself, strive (to do, for exacted (against, from, person), [as prec, -ble]
object). So exer'tiON n. [f L KX{serere sert- . exi'guous, ;>. Scanty, small. Hence or cogn.
bind) put forth] exigu'iTY, exi'guous.NESS, nn. [f. L exiguus
e'xeunt, v.i. (as prec) + -ous]
(Stage direction) they (two or
more actors) leave the stage e. omnes, all leave e'xile i, n. Penal banishment long absence
; ;

the stage. [L, = they go out] from one's country (also fig.), [f. OF exit f. L
exfo'liate, v.i. (Of bone, skin, minerals, &c.) Exsilium (satire leap)]
come off in scales or layers (of tree) throw off e'xile 2, n. Banished person (lit. & fig.), [perh.
;

layers of bark. So exfoli ation n. [f. LL ex- f. prec. L has exsul (as prec)] ;

(foliare f. folium leaf), see -ate 3 ] e'xile 3, v.t. Banish (person from lit. & fig.), ;

exhalation (ekza-j, n. Evaporation puff of [f. OF exilier f. LL exsiliare (as exile )] ;

]

breath; short burst (of anger &c.) mist, vap- exi'lian, a. Of the Jews' exile in Babylon. ;

our effluvium, [f. L exhalatio (foil., -ation)] So exi'lic a. [f. L as exile 1 + -ian]
;

exha'le, v.t. & i. Give off (fumes &c, also exi'lity, n. Thinness subtlety, [f. L exili- ;

fig.) in vapour; be thus given off, evaporate, tas (exilis thin, etym. dub., see -ty)]
(from, out of) (Path., of animal fluids) pass off
; exi'st, v.i. Have place in the domain of
in minute quantities through blood-vessel &c. reality have being under specified conditions ; ;

breathe out (life, soul, words, &c.) get rid of e. as (in the form of) (of circumstances &c) ; ;

(anger &c.) as if by blowing, (f. F exhaler f. L occur, be found live continue in being, [f. F ; ;

KX(halare breathe)] exister f. L EX(sistere redupl. f. stare stand)]

exhau'st 1 (ikzaw-), n. (In steam-engine) existence, n. Being, existing, esp. in e. :

exit of steam from cylinder when its work is life, as a wretched, precarious, e. mode of ;

done e.-pipe &c. (for this) process of exhaust-

; ; existing existing thing all that exists. So
; ;

ing vessel of air (apparatus for) production ; existe'ritiAL a. [OF, f. med.L existentia (as
of outward current of air by creating partial prec, see -ence)]
vacuum. \f. foil.] exi'stent, a. Existing, actual, current, [-ent]
exhau'st 2 (Ikzaw-), v.t. Draw off (air, also e'xit 1 , n. Departure of player from stage
fig.) consume entirely use, account for, the
; ; (also fig.) death going out or forth liberty to
; ; ;

whole of empty (vessel) of contents say, find

; ; do this passage to go out by. [f. L exitus -Us
;

out, all that is worth knowing of (subject) going out (as foil.) partly also from foil.]
drain (person, kingdom, &c.) of strength, re- exit 2, v.i. (Stage direction) goes offstage,
;

—
sources, &c. (esp. in p.p.) tire out. Hence ; as E. Macbeth (also fig.). [3rd sing. pres. of L
exhaustiBixiTV n., exhairstiBLE a. [f. L Ex(i?*e it- go)]
EX(haurire haust- draw)] ex-li'bris, n. Book-plate, label with arms,
exhau'stion (-tshn), n. Exhausting (in all crest, &c, &
owner's name pasted into book.
senses) total loss of strength arrival at a con-
; ; [L ex libris from the library (of so-&-so)]
clusion by eliminating alternatives. [-ion] exo- in comb. = Gk exo outside as: -derm,
exhau'stive, a. Tending to exhaust esp. o\iter layer of blastoderm -gamous, -gamy, (of. ;

a subject comprehensive. Hence exhau's-

; following) custom compelling man to marry
tiver.v 2 adv.. exhairstiveNESS n. [-ive] outside his own tribe -gen, plant whose stem ;

exhi'bit ] (lkzi-), n. Document or thing pro- grows by deposit on outside -genous, growing ;

duced in law court & referred to in written thus ; -pa'thic, (of disease) originating outside
evidence; thing, collection of things, sent by the body ;-phagous, -phagy, noteatingmembers
person, firm. &c, to an exhibition showing, ; of one's own tribe -plasm, outermost layer of ;

display, [f. L neut. p.p. as foil.] protoplasm -ske'leton, external integument,

;

exhi'bit 2 (lkzi-), v.t. Show, display submit ; bony or leathery exosvw'sis, passage of a fluid ;

for consideration manifest (quality) show ; ; outwards through a porous septum.

 ; ; .

EXODUS 286 EXPERIMENT

e'xodus, n. Departure, going forth, (esp. of spect, esp. of future possession prospective ;

body of emigrants) departure of Israelites chance (of), [f. L expectantia (prec, -ancy)]
;

from Egypt book of O.T. relating this. [L, f.

; expectant, a. & n. Expecting (of or abs.)
Gk Exodos (hodos way)] having the prospect, in normal course, of pos-
ex offi'cio (-shio), adv. & a. In virtue of session, office, &c; characterized by waiting for
one's office, as e.-o. members of committee. [Lj events, esp. (Med.) e. method (Law) reversion- ;

e'xon, n. See exempt 1

, [repr. F pron.]
who expects, candidate for office ary ; (n.) one
exo'nepate, v.t. &c Hence expe'etantLY 2 adv. [-ant]
Exculpate ; free (person)
from (blame &c); release (person from duty expectation, n. Awaiting; anticipation,
&c). Hence or cogn. exonePA'xiON n., ex- as beyond, contrary to, e.; ground for expecting
o'neratiVE a. [f. L EX(onerare f. onus -eris (of) (pi.) prospects of inheritance thing ex- ; ;

burden), see -ate 3] pected ; e. o/life probability of a thing's hap-

;

exophtha'lmus, -6s, n. Protrusion of eye- pening, [f. L expectatio (as prec, see -ation)]
ball. Hence exophthalmic a. [f. Gk ex- expeetative, Of reversion of benefices,
a.
(ophthalmos eye) adj.] reversionary, [f. Lhexpectativus (prec, -ative)]
exop'foitant, a. Grossly excessive (of price, expectorant, a. & n. (Medicine) that pro-
demand, ambition, person). Hence exop'bi- motes expectoration, [as foil., see -ant]
tAXCE n., exopbitantLV 2 adv. [f. L Exorbi- expectorate, v.t. (chiefly U.S.). Eject
tare go out of the wheel-track (orbit), -ant] (phlegm &c) from chest or lungs by coughing
e'xopcize, v.t. Expel (evil spirit from, out or spitting; (abs.) spit. Hence expectoPATiON
of, person or place) by invocation or use of n. [f. L Expectorare relieve the mind (pectus
holy name clear (person, place, of evil spirits).
; -oris breast), -ate 3
]
SoexopeiSM, e'xopeiST, nn. [f. lAjexorcizare expedient, & n.
(Usu. predic) advanta-
a.
f. Gk Exorkizo (horkos oath)] geous, suitable, as do ivhatever is e., it is e. that
exop'dium, n. (pi. -iums, -id). Beginning, he should go politic rather than just (n.) con-
; ;

introductory part, esp. of discourse or treatise. trivance, device. Hence or cogn. expedi-
Hence exop'diAL a. EX{07xliri begin)] [L, f. ence, -ENCY,nn., expedie'ntiAi.a., expedi-
exoteric, a. & n. (Of doctrines, modes of entLY 2 adv. [f. F expedient (as foil., see -ent)]
speech, &c.) intelligible to outsiders (cf. eso- expedite, v.t. Assist the progress of (mea-
teric) ; (of disciples) not admitted to esoteric sure, process, &c) dispatch (business), [f. L ex-
;

teaching ; commonplace, ordinary, popular ; pedire -dit- lit. free feet of (pes pedis foot)]
(n. pi. )e. doctrines or treatises. Hence exo- expedition, n. Warlikeenterprise journey, ;

te'PicAL a., exote'picalLY 2 adv. If. LL f. voyage, for definite purpose men, fleet, sent on ;

Gk exoterikos (exotero compar., see exo-, -ic)] this promptness, speed. Hence expedi'tion-
;

exo'tic, a. & n. (Of plants, words, fashions) ary 1 a., expedi*tioniST(3) n. [f. hexpeditio
introduced from abroad ; (n.) e. plant (also fig.), (as prec, see -ion)]
L f. Gk exotikos {exo outside, see -ic)l
[f. expedi'tious, a. Doing or done speedily ;

expa'nd, v.t. & i. Spread out flat (t. & i.) suited for speedy performance. Hence expe-
expound, write out, in full (what is condensed ditiously y 2 adv., expedi'tiousxESS n. [f.
or abbreviated, algebraical expression, &c); prec, see -ious(2)]
develop (t. i.) into&swell, dilate, increase in
; expel, v.t. (-11-). Eject (person from place,
bulk, (t. i.). &So expansiBixi'rv n., ex- bullet from gun, &c) by force ; turn out (per-
pa'nsiBLE a. [f. L EX(}Jandere pans- spread)] son from a community, school, &c). Hence
expa'nse, n. Wide area or extent expan- ; expellENT a. [f. L EX(pellere puis- drive)]
sion, [as prec] expend, v.t. Spend (money, care, time, on ob-
expa'nslle, a. (Capable) of expansion, [-il] ject, in doing); use up (Xaut.) wind (spare rope) ;

expa'nsion, n. Expanding (Commerc.) ; ex- round spar &c. [f. L EX(pendere pens- weigh)]
tension of transactions ; e. (increase) of the cur- expe'nditupe (tshe?*), n. Laying out (of
rency, whence expa*nsionisT(2) n.; increase money &c); consuming; amount expended,
in bulk of steam in cylinder of engine ; triple- [as prec (irreg. p.p. penditus), see -ure]
c. engine (in which steam passes through 3 cy- expe'nse, n. Expenditure ; cost ; (pi.) outlay
linders), [f. LL expansio (prec, -ion)] in execution of commission &c, reimbursement
expa'nsive, a. Able, tending, to expand (t. of this, as he paid ee., offered me £10 myee.\ &
& i.) extensive comprehensive ; (of persons,
; ; at the e. (cost) of, esp. (fig.) by bringing discredit
feelings, speech) effusive. Hence expa'nsive- &c on, as you defend his veracity at the e. of
LY adv., expa'nsivexESS, expansi'vrrv,
2 his understanding, if what he says is true he is
nn. [as prec, see-iVE] a fool ; a laugh at his e. (at him). LL [AF, f.
&
ex pap'te, adv. a. (law). On, in the inter- expensa orig. fern. p.p. (as expend)]
ests of, one side only (adj., ex-p.) made or said ; expensive, a. Costly. Hence expensive-
thus, as an ex-p. statement. [L] ly 2 ady., expensivexEss n. [expend, -i ve]
expa'tiate (-shi-), v.t. Speak, write, copious- expep'ienee 1 ,n. Actual observation of facts
ly (on subject) wander unrestrained (usu. fig.).
; or events knowledge resulting from this,
;

Hence expatiA-Tiox n. expa'tiatORV a. \t. ; whence expep'ieneED 2 a.; event that affects
L EX(spatiari walk about, as space), -ate 3] one, as an unpleasant e.; fact, process, of being
expa'tpiate, v.t. Banish (refl.) emigrate ; ;
so affected, as i" learnt by e.\ (usu. pi.) state,
(Law of Nations, refl.) renounce citizenship. phase, of religious emotion, [f. F experience L
Hence expatpLvriON n. [f. LL EX(patriare L experientia f. EX(periri pert- go through),
i. patria native land), see -ate 3 ] see -ence]
expect, v.t. Look forward to, regard as like- expep'ienee 2 , v.t. Meet with, feel, undergo,
ly, as Ie. a storm, e. to see him, e. him to come, (pleasure, treatment, fate, &c) learn, find, ;

e. {that) he xuill come, e. him next week, don't e. (that, how, &c). [f. prec]
me, e. payment today, not so bad as I expected experiential, a. Of experience '^.philoso-
{it to be), just what I expected of him look for phy (treating all knowledge as based on experi-
;

as due, as Ie. you to be punctual, that you will ence), whence expepientialiSM, expepi-
be punctual, do you e. payment for this ? (col- entialiST, nn. Hence expepientialLY 2 ;

loq.) think, suppose, {that), [f. L Ex(spectare adv. [f. L as experience *,

see -at.]
look, frequent, of specere see)] experiment Test, trial, (of)
1
(-ment), n. \

expectancy, n. State of expectation pro- ;

procedure adopted on chance of its succeeding,-
 ; ;;
;

EXPERIMENT 287 EXPRESSION

or for testing hypothesis &c. [OF, f. L experi- through it. Hence or cogn. exploPA*TioN, ex-
mentum (as prec, see -ment)] plop'ER nn.,explop*ativE, explop'atORY, 1
,

expe'Piment-, v.i. Make experiment (on, aa. [f. F explorer f. L EX(plorare perh. -make
with). Hence experimentA'xioN n. [prec.] flow f. pluere flow)]
experime'ntal, a. Based on experience, not explo'sion (-zhn), n. Going off with loud
authority or conjecture based on experiment, ; noise such noise outbreak (of anger &c). [f.
; ;

ase. philosophy, whence experime'ntaliSM, L explosio (as explode, see -ion)]

experime'ntalisr, nn. tentative used in ; ; explo'sive (s), a. & n. Tending to eject some-
experiments. Hence expepimentalizE(2) thing with loud noise (of consonant sound) ;

v.i., experimental ly 2 adv. [alJ produced by explosion of breath, stopped tend- ;

exper't l, a. Trained by practice, skilful, (at, ing to explode or cause explosion (lit. & fig.);
in). Hence expep'tL y 2 adv. experttNESs n. , (n.) e. agent or material, e. letter. Hence ex-
[OF, f. L as experience l ] plo'siveLY 2 adv., explo'sivexEss n. [as
e'xpept 2, n. Person having special skill or explode, see -ive]
knowledge (at, in), as mining e., (attrib.) e. evi- expo'nent, a. n. &
(Person, thing) that sets
dence. [F (prec. as n.)] forth or interprets; executant (of music &c);
expiate, v.t. Pay the penalty of, make a- type, representative; (Alg.) index, symbol indi-
mends for, (sin). So expiABLE, expiatORY, cating what power of a factor is to be taken,
aa.,expiA'TiON, expiatoR 2 nn. [f. L EX(pi- , whence expone'ntiAL a. [f. L EX(poncre
are seek to appease f. pius devout), -ate 3 ] jjosit- put), see -ent]
expira'tion (-pe?*-), n. Breathing out {of air expop't v.t. Send out (goods) to another
1
,

&c); termination (of period, truce, &c). [f. L country. Hence or cogn. expop'tABLE a., ex-
expiratio (as foil., see -ation)] port a 'tion n. [f. L KX(portare carry)]
expire*, v.t. & i. Breathe out air (from lungs export 2 , n. Exported article; (usu. pi.)
or abs.), whence expiP'atORY a.; die (of fire ; amount exported ; exportation ; e. duty (paid
&c.) die out; (of period) come to an end; (of law, on e.). [f. prec]
patent, truce, &c.) become void, reach its term expo'se(-z), v.t. Leave (person, thing) unpro-
(of title &c.) become extinct, [f. F expirer f. L tected (esp. from weather) subject to (risk ;

EX(spirare breathe)] &c.) (Photog.) subject (plate) to light; turn

;

expiP'y, n. Termination (of period, truce, (child) out of doors to perish (p.p.) open to (the ;

&c). [f. prec. +-\' 4

\ East &c); exhibit, display; put up for sale;
explai'n, v.t.Make known in detail (thing, disclose (secret, project, &c) ; unmask (villain,
that, hoio, &c); make intelligible (meaning, villany). [f. F
Ex(poser, see compose)]
difficulty,&c, also abs.) account for (conduct ; expo*se(-za),n. Statement of facts; showing
&c.) ; e. away, rnodif y, do away with, (esp. of- up (of discreditable thing). [F, p.p. as prec]
fensive language) by explanation ; e. oneself, exposi'tion, n. Setting forth, description
make one's meaning clear, (also) give an account explanation; commentary; = exposure; ex-
of one's motives or conduct. Hence explai'n- hibition of goods &c [F, f. L expositionem (as
ablea. [f. L EX(planare f. planus flat)] exponent, see -ion)]
explanation, n. Explaining, esp. with expo'sitive, a. Descriptive ; explanatory.
vie w tomutual understandi ng or reconciliation So expo'sitOR 2 n. ; expo'sitORY a. [f. L
statement, circumstance, that explains, [f. L expositions (as prec, see -ive)]
explanatio (as prec, see -ation)] ex post fa'ctOf a. Acting retrospectivelj',
expla'natopy, a. Serving, meant, to ex- as e. p. f. law. [L, = from what is done (i.e. en-
plain. Hence expla'natopiLV 2 adv. [as ex- acted) afterwards]
plain, see -orv] expostulate, v.i. Make friendly remon-
expletive (or e'kspll-), a. & n. Serving to fill strance; remonstrate (with person about, for,
out sentence, metrical line, &c); (n.) e.
(esp. on). Hence or cogn. expostuLviTON n., ex-
thing, word, &c, esp. oath or meaningless ex- po'stulatoRY a. [f. L ~E.x(x>ostidare postu-
clamation, [f. L expletivus f. Ex(plere fill), -ive] late)]
explicate, v.t. Develop (notion, principle, expo'supe (-zher),n. Exposing,beingexposed,
&c), whence explicA'Tiox n. (archaic) ex- ; (to air, cold, danger, &c); abandoning (of child);
plain, whence e'xplieABLE, e'xplieativE, display, esp. of goods for sale ; unmasking of
e'xplieatORY, aa. [f. L Ex(plicare plicat- or imposture &c. ; aspect, as southern e. [-ureJ
plicit- fold) unfold, see -ate 3 ]' expou'nd (ow-), v.t. Set forth in detail (doc»
explicit 1 , v.i. Here ends (formerly written trine &c); explain, interpret, (esp. Scripture).
at end of book). [med.L prob. abbr. of p.p. as ; [ME expounen f. OF espondre (as exponent)]
prec, but treated as 3rd sing.] exppe'ss 1 , a., adv., n. (Of likeness) exact
expli'eit 2, a. Stated in detail, leaving no- definitely stated, not merely implied ; done,
thing merely implied definite (of persons) ; ; made, sent, for special purpose ; e. train (fast,
outspoken e. faith, acceptance of doctrine with
; stopping at few intermediate stations) ; e. rifle
clear understanding of all it involves (cf. im- (discharging bullet with high initial velocity &
plicit). Hence expli'eitLY 2 adv., expli'eit- low trajectory); e. b ullet (expanding, for e. rifle);
ness n. [f. F explicite (as explicate)] e. delivery (by special postal messenger); (adv.)
explo'de, v.t. & i. Expose, bring into disre- with speed, bye. messenger or train ; (n.)e. train,
pute, (theory, fallacy, &c) ; (of gas, gunpowder, messenger, rifle. Hence exppe'SSLY 2 adv.
boiler, &c.) go offw ith loud noise
T
cause (these) ; [f.F expires, -esse (as foil.)]
to do this. [f. L ~E.x(plodere plos- — plaudere express 2 v.t. Squeeze oxit (juice, air, from,
,

clap) hiss off stage] out of) emit, exude ; represent by symbols, as
;

exploit \ n. Brilliant achievement, [f. OF (Math.) e. (quantity) in terms of (another) re- ;

esploit(e) f. L neut. & fern. p.p. as explicate] veal, betoken, (feelings, qualities); put (thought)
Work, turn to account, (mine
exploi't 2 , v.t. into words; e. oneself, say what one means
&c); utilize (person &c) for one's own ends. (strongly &c on subject, well, aptly, &c Hence ).

Hence or cogn. exploi'tABLE a., exploi'tAGE, exppe'ssiBLE a. [f. OF EX(presser press 2)]
exploitA'TiON, nn. [f. OF exploiter f. L *ex- expression, Expressing (in all senses)
n.
plicitare frequent, as prec] wording, diction, word, phrase (Alg.) collection ;

explore', v.t. Inquireinto; examine (wound) of symbols expressing a quantity; aspect (of
by touch; examine (country &c.) by going face), intonation (of voice), whence exppes-
 ;;

EXPRESSIONAL 288 EXTORTION

sion [.ess a. (Art) mode of expressing character &c) large; far-reaching, comprehensive; (of
;

&c, whence expressioniST(2) n.; (Mus.) exe- agricultural production &c) depending on ex-
cution that expresses the feeling of a passage, tension of area (cf. intensive). Hence exten-
as e.-mark, sign, word, indicating e. required, siveLY 2 adv., exte'nsiveNESS n. [f. LL ex-
e.-stop (in harmonium, producing e. by varied tensivus (as prec, see -ive)]
air-pressure). [F, f. L expressionem f. EX(pri- extensor, n. E. (-muscle), one that straight-
mere=premere press 2 -ion)] ens out part of the body. [LL, as prec, -or*-]
,

exppe'ssional, a. Of verbal, facial, or artis- extent, n. Space over which a thing extends;
tic expression, [-al] width of application, scope, as to a great e., to
expre'ssive,a. Serving to express; (of word, the full e. of his power; large space, as a vaste.
gesture, &c.) significant. Hence expressive- of marsh; (Law) valuation (of land &c seizure, );

ly Y
2 adv., expre'ssivexESS n. [F (-if, -ive), as writ for, seizure, (of land &c). [f. AF estente
expression, see -ive] p.p. of entendre (as extend)]
exprobra*tion, Reproachful language, n. extenuate, v.t. Lessen seeming magnitude
[f. L ~Ex(probrare f. probrum
exprobratio f. of (guilt, offence) partial excuse, as we must
by
shameful deed), see -ation] not e., nothing can his baseness, whence ex-
e.,
exprd'priate, v.t. Dispossess {from estate tenuatORY a.; (improp.) lessen seeming guilt
&c.) ; take away (property). So expropri- of, as do not e. yourself, his conduct ; (archaic)
ation n. [f.LL ex( propriare f. proprium pro- make thin or weak. Hence extenuATiox n.
perty), see proper & -ate 3 [f. L EX(tenuare f. tenuis thin), -ate 3
] ]
expu'lsion, Expelling. So expu'IsivE
n. exter'ior, a. & n. Outer; situated or coming
a. & n. (med.).Liexpulsio (as expel, see -ion)]
[f. from without; e. angle, that between side of
expu'nge, Erase, omit, (name front list,
v.t. &adjacentside produced (n.)
rectilineal figure ;

f>assage/ro??i book, &c). So expu'netiON n. outward aspect or demeanour. Hence exte-

f. L EX(pungere punct- prick)] rio'riTY n., exter'iorLY 2 adv. [L, compar.
expurgate, v.t. Purify (book &c.) by re- of extents outside]
moving objectionable matter clear away (such exter'iorize, v.t. Realize (conception) in
;

matter). Hence or cogn. expurgATiox, ex- outward form attribute external existence to. ;

purgatOR expurgator'iAL, expur*- Hence exterioriz ation n. [-ize]

2 ,nn.,
gatOR v, aa. [f. L KX(purgare cleanse), -ate 3 ] exterminate, v.t. Root out (species, race,
exquisite (-zit), a. Sc n. Of consummate ex- sect, opinion). Hence or cogn. exterminA-
cellence or beauty acute (pain, pleasure); keen tion, exter'minatOR 2 nn., exter'mina-
; ,

(sensibility Sac); (n.) coxcomb, fop. Hence e*x- tORY a. [f. L Exterminare (terminus), -ate 3 ]
quisiteLY 2 adv., exquisiteNESS n. [f. L ex- exter*nal, a. & n. Situated outside of reme- ;

(quirere quisit- = quaerere seek)] dies &c) applied to the outside of the body;
exsa'nguinate, v.t. Drain of blood, [f. L (Theol. consisting in outward acts, whence ex- )

EX(sanguinare f sanguis -inis blood), see -ate ] ter*naliSM(2) n. belonging to the world of
.
3 ;

exsa'nguine, a. Lacking blood, [ex-] phenomena (e. world), outside the conscious
exsci'nd, v.t. Cut out, excise, (lit. & fig.). subject e. evidence (derived from source inde- ;

[f. L EX(scindcre cut)] pendent of the thing discussed); (n. pi.) outward
exser't, v.t. (biol.). Put forth. [= exert] features or aspect, e. circumstances, non-essen-
exsiccate, v.t. Dry up; drain dry. [f. L tials. Hence externa'liTY n., exter'nalLY 2
EX(siccare f. siccus dry)] adv. [f. L externus outward + -al]
extant (or -a'nt), a. Still existing (esp. of exter'nalize, v.t. Give, attribute, external
documents &c). [f. L EX(stare stand), see -ant] existence to. Hence externalizATioxn. [-ize]
extasy. See ecstasy. exterritorial, a. (Of ambassadors &c) free
extempore, adv. & a. (Spoken, done) with- from jurisdiction of the territory in which one
out preparation off-hand speak e. (without resides. So exterritorla'liTY n. [ex-]
; ;

notes). Hence or cogn. extemporA'NEOUS, exti'net, a. (Of fire &c) no longer burning
exte'mpoPARY aa., extempora'neous- 1
, (of volcano) that has ceased eruption ; (of life,
ly 2 extemporariLY 2 advv., extempor-
, , hope, &c) quenched ; (of family, class, species)
a'neousNESS n. [L ex tempore from the time] that has died out ; (of office &c) obsolete ; (of
exte'mporize, v.t. & i. Compose, produce, title of nobility) having no qualified claimant,
extempore; (intr.) speak extempore. Hence [f. L EX(stinguere stinct- quench)]
extemporiz ation n. [f. prec. + -ize] extinction, n. Extinguishing making, be- ;

extend, v.t. & i. Lay out (esp. body, limbs, ing, becoming, extinct; wiping out (of debt)
&c.) at full length ; write out (shorthand &c.)at annihilation. So exti'netiVE a. [f. L extinctio
full length ; e. an invoice, write in the columns (as prec, see -ion)]
the total of items in each line; (intr. &refl.) extinguish, v.t. Put out, quench, (light,
reach (to point, over, across, &c, space) cause ; hope, life, faculties) eclipse, obscure, (person)
;

to do this ; prolong (period) ; enlarge (scope, by superior brilliancy reduce (opponent) to ;

meaning of word &c. ); (Sport, slang) tax powers silence; destroy; wipe out (debt) annihilate. ;

of (horse, athlete) to the utmost (usu. pass.); Hence extinguish able a., extinguish -
stretch forth (hand, arm) accord (kindness, ; ment n. [as extinct, see -ISH 2 ]
patronage, to) (Law) value (land &c), seize
; exti'nguisher, n. In vbl senses, esp. hollow
(land &c.) for debt. Hence or cogn. extensi- conical cap for putting out candle, [-er 2 ]
bi'lity n., exte'ndiBLE, extensiBLE, aa. extirpate, v.t. Root out. destroy, (tree,
[f. L EX(teiidere tens- or tent- stretch)] weed, species, nation, tumour, heresy, &c). So
extensile, a. Capable of being stretched extirpATioN, e'xtirpatOR 2 nn. [f. L ex- ,

out or protruded, [as prec, see -ile]
extension, n. Extending (in all senses exc.
Law) extent, range prolongation enlarge-
; ;
ment additional part (of railway, plan, theory,
; extor't, v.t. Obtain (money, promise, &c)
&c.) ; word(s) amplifying subject or predicate
University E., admission of non-resident stu-
(s)tirpare (stirps stem), see -ate 3 ]
exto'l, v.t. (-11-). Praise enthusiastically (c.
; him to the skies), [f. L ~EX(tollere raise)]
;
by violence, intimidation, importunity, &c
(from) extract forcibly (meaning, inference,
;

dents to some forms of Univ. teaching & exami- from words, data). Hence extor'tiVE a. [f.
nation, [f. L extentio, -sio, (as prec, see -ion)] L ~EX(torquere tort- twist)]
extensive, a. (Of space, purchase,operation, extor'tion, n. Extorting, esp. of money;
 ;; ;;

EXTORTIONATE 289 EYAS

illegal exaction. Hence extor'tionER l n. grantLY 2 adv. [f. L extra (vagari wander),
[f. L
extortio (as prec., see -ion)] see -ant]
extor'tionate Using, given to, extravaga-nza, n. Fantastic composition
(at), a.
2 (literary, musical, dramatic), language, or
extortion (of prices &c.) exorbitant, [-ate ]
; be-
e'xtra, a., adv., n. Additional linger than haviour, [f. It. estravaganza (prec, -ance)] ;

its name indicates, as e. foolscap octavo of extra* vagate, v.i. (rare). Wander away ;

superior quality, as e. binding (adv.) more (from right course, into error &c); exceed;

than usually, as e. strong; additionally; e.- due bounds, [as extravagant, see -ate 3 ]
special (latest) edition (of evening paper) (n.) extra* vasate, v.t. & i. Force out (fluid) ;

e. thing, one for which e. charge is made, as from its proper vessel flow out. Hence ex- ;

dancing is an e., (Crick.) run not scored off bat. tra vas a -tion n. [extra-, L vas vessel, -ate 3 ]
[prob. for extraordinary, perh. f. F] extreme, a. & n. Outermost, farthest from
extra- in comb. = L extra in senses situated centre, situated at either end divided in e. '
; &
outside of a thing', 'not coming within its mean ratio (the whole being to one part as
scope chiefly in wds f. med.L or mod. (L has that part to the other) utmost last, as (R.-C.
'
; ; ;

only extraordinarius), as -atmospheric, of the Ch.) e. unction, anointing by priest of dying

:

space beyond the atmosphere -cosmical, act- person reaching a high degree, as e. old age,
; ;

ing outside the universe ; -cranial, outside the in e. danger an e. case (having some charac- ;

skull -essentvtd, not included in the essence of teristic in the utmost degree); (of actions,
;

a thing -judicial, not belonging to the case be- measures) severe, stringent (of opinions, per-
;
;

fore the court, not legally authorized, (of con- sons, &c.) going to great lengths, opp. to mode-
fession) not made in court -mundane, outside rate, whence extre'miSM, extre'misT, nn.
;

of our world or of the universe -mural, out- in the e., extremely (n.) thing at either end of
; ;

side the walls or boundaries (of town or city) anything, esp. (pi.) things as remote or as differ-
-official, not pertaining to an office -physical, ent as possible, as ee. meet (Logic) subject or ; ;

not subject to physical laws -spectral, lying predicate in proposition, major or minor term
;

outside the visible spectrum -terrestrial, out- in syllogism (Math.) first, last, term of ratio or
; ;

side the earth or its atmosphere; -territoria- series run to an e., go toee., take an e. course. ;

Uity),=EXTERRlTORIAL(lTY). Hence extre'meLY 2 adv., extre'meNESS n.

e'xtraet 1 , n. The tough or viscid matter [OF, L extremus superl. of exterus outward]
f.

got by treating a substance with solvents & extremity* n. Extreme point, very end ;

then evaporating them preparation containing ;

the ee., hands &
extreme adversity, em-
feet;
the active principle of a substance in concen- barrassment, &c, as driven to e., what can we
trated form passage from book &c. [as foil.]
;
do in this e ? (usu. pi.) extreme measure(s)
;

extra'et 2 , v.t. Copy out (passage in book [f. F extremite f. L extremitatem (prec, -ty)]
&c.) make extracts from (book &c.) take out
; ; extricate, v.t. Disentangle, release, (person,
by force (teeth, anything firmly fixed) draw ; thing, from confinement, difficulty) (Chem.) ;

forth (money, admission, &c.) against person's liberate (gas &c) from state of combination.
will; obtain (juices &c.) by suction, pressure, Hence e'xtriCABLE a., extrieA'TiON n. [f.. L
&c. derive (pleasure &c. from) deduce (prin- EX(tricare f tricae perplexities), -ate 3J
; ; .

ciple &c. from) (Math.) find (root of a number).

;
extri'nsic, a. Lying outside, pot belonging,
Hence extra'et able a., extra'etOR 2 n. [f. (to) operating from without not inherent or ; ;

L KX(trahere tract- draw)] essential. Hence extri'nsiCALLY adv. [f. F

extraction, n. Extracting lineage (of In- ; cxtrinseque f. LL (adj.) f. L (adv.) extrinsecus
diane.). [F, f. med.L extractionem (prec, -ion)] (exter outside + -in local suf. + secus beside)]
extractive, a. & n. (Thing) of the nature extror'se, a. (bot.). (Of anthers) turned out-
of an extract; e. industries (concerned with wards. [F, f. L extrorsus outwards (extra- 4-
obtaining natural productions), [-ive] versus towards)]
extradi'table, a. Liable to, (of crime) extru'de, v.t. Thrust out (person, thing,
warranting, extradition, [f. foil. + -able] from). Hence extru'sioN (-zhn) n., extru*-
e*xtradite, v.t. Give up (fugitive foreign siVE_(-s-) a. [f. L EX(trudere trus- thrust)]
criminal) to the proper authorities ; obtain the exu'berant, a. Luxuriantly prolific (lit.
extradition of. [back-formation f. foil.] & fig.) growing luxuriantly (of health, emo-
; ;

extradi'tion, n. Delivery of fugitive crimi- tions, &c overflowing, abounding (of persons,
) ;

nal to proper authorities (Psychol.) localizing ;

actions, &c) effusive, overflowing with spirits
of sensation at distance from the centre of (of language) copious, lavish in ornament
sensation. [F (ex-, see tradition)] abundant. Hence or cogn. exu'berANCE n.,
extra'dos, n. Upper or outer curve of arch. exu'berantLY 2 adv. [f.hEX(uberare be fruit-
[F EXTRA(d*os back f. L dorsum)} ful f._ uber fertile, cf. uber udder), -ant]
extra'neous, a. Of external origin foreign ; exu'berate, v.i. Abound, overflow; indulge
to (object to which it is attached &c.) not be- ; freely in. [as prec, see -ate 3 ]
longing (to matter in hand, class). Hence ex- exu'de, v.i. & t. Ooze out, give off (moisture
tra'neousLY 2 adv., extra'neousNESS n. &c), like sweat. Hence or cogn. exudATiON
L extranevs (extra outside) + -ous]
[f. n., exu'datiVE a. [f. L Ex(sudare sweat)]
extraordinary (-tror-, -traor-), a. & n. exu'lt, v.i. Rejoice exceedingly (at, in, thing,
Out of the usual course ; (of officials &c.) addi- to find &c) triumph (over person). Hence or
;

tional, specially employed envoy e., diplomatic

; cogn. exu'ltANCY, exultA*TiON, nn., exu'lt-
minister of second class, ranking next to am- ant a., exu*ltantLY 2 adv. [f. F exulter f. Lex-
bassador exceptional, surprising unusually
; ; (sultare=saltare frequent, of satire salt- leap)]
great; (n. pi.) extra allowances to troops. Hence exu'viae, n. pi. Animal's cast skin, shell, or
extraor dinariLY 2 adv.,extraor*dinari-
,
covering, (recent or fossil, also fig.). Hence
ness n. [f. L extraordinarius (extra ordincm exu'viAL a. [L, = animal's skin, spoils of
outside the usual order, -ary *)] enemy, f. wxuere divest oneself of]
extravagance, n. Being extravagant exu'viate, v.t. & i. Shed (exuviae, also fig.),
absurd statement or action. [F (foil., -ance)] slough. Hence exuvi a *tion n. [prec, -ate 3 ]
extra*vag:ant, a. Immoderate; exceed- ex vd'to, adv. & n. (Offering made) in pur-
ing the bounds of reason profuse, "wasteful ; suance of a vow. [L (as adv. phr.)]
(of price &c.) exorbitant. Hence extra'va- eyas (Vas), n. Young hawk taken from nest
F.D. 10
 ;;;; = ;;;
;;

BYE 290 FACE

for training, or not yet completely trained, Fellow, as F.B.A. (British Academy), F.G.S.
[orig. nyasf. F *niais f. L *nidiacem (nom. -ax) (Geological Society), F.R.A.S. (Royal Astro-
I. nidus nest for loss of n- cf. adder]
; nomical Soc), F.R.C.P. (Royal College of Phy-
eye 1 (I), n. Organ of sight; iris of this, as sicians), F.R.C.S. (ditto Surgeons), F.R.G.S.
blue, brown, ee. ; region of the ee., as black e.; (Royal Geographical Soc), F.R.S. (Royal Soc),
e. of day, sun evil e. in the wind's e. (direc- F.S.A. (Soc. of Antiquaries) Fidei, F.D. (de-
; ; ;

tion of the wind); (Mil.) ee. right, left, front, fens or = Defender of the Faith) Field, F.M. ;

(turn them thus) mind your e., take care (Marshal), (f.) falsa, fA, (lectio false reading)
;

(contempt.) pipe, put one's finger in, one's e., feet, as 5f. feminine filly francs ; free, as ; ; ;

weep ; beam, mote, in one's e. (Matt. vii. 3) e. f.a.a. (of all average), f.o.b. (on board). ;

for e., retaliation (Exod. xxi. 24) clap, set, ee. Abbreviations (2) Fahn.(enheit) ; fep, fools-
; :

on, behold be all ee., watch intently up to the cap fee.(# or -erunt)
; fig-.(ure, as fig. e, or
; ; ;

ee., deeply (engaged), as up to the ee. in work, -uratively) ; fl.(orins) Fla, Florida ; follow- ;

mortgaged up to the ee. made him open his ing, as pp. 76 foil.) ; fp.(ancs) Fi»l., Fraulein
; ;

ee. (stare with astonishment) wipe the e. of ft, feet, as 60ft. ;

(shooter), kill game he has missed all my e. (& fa (fah), n. Fourth note of octave in solmiza-
;

Betty Martin), humbug, nonsense my eye(s) !, tion. [first syl. of fanudi, see gamut] ;

int. expr. astonishment lose an e., (often) lose Fa'bian, a. Employing cautious dilatory
; &
the sight of it if you had half an e. (were not strategy to wear out an enemy ™sp. F. policy).
;

wholly blind or dull) saio with half an e. (at a [f. L. Fabianus (Q. Fabius commander against
;

glance) the naked e. have an e. to, have as Hannibal, -an)]

; ;

one's object with an e. (a view) to keep an e.

; fa'ble 1 , n. Story, esp, of supernatural char-
;

on, keep watch on (lit. & fig.) have an e. for (a acter, not founded on fact; (collect.) myths,
;

due sense of) proportion &c. in the ee. (judg- legendary tales idle talk (old wives' ff.) ; false
; ;

ment) of; in the e. (from the point of view) of statement, lie thing only supposed to exist ;

the law, in the mind's c., in anticipation or short story, esp. with animals for characters,
imagination see e. to e., agree entirely (with)
; conveying a moral, apologue plot of play &c. ;

view with a friendly, jealous, e. (with such [F, f. Jjfabida (fari speak)]
feelings); throw dust in the ee. of; make ee. fa'ble 2, v.i. & t. (archaic & poet.). Romance,
(look amorously) at ; cast sheep's ee. thing tell fictitious tales, whence fa'blER 1 n. ; state ;

like an e., as spot on peacock's tail, e. of needle fictitiously; (p.p.) celebrated in f., legendary,
&c. (hole for thread &c), hook e. (kind of &
fictitious, [f. OF fabler f. hfabidari see prec]
fastening for dress), loop of cord or rope, leaf- fa'bliau (-16), n. (pi. -x, pr. -z). Metrical tale
bud of potato; BULL rs-e. glass e. (artificial, of early French poetry. [F];

of glass) apple of the e. eyeball, pupil of the

; fa'brie, n. ; Thing put together; edifice,
e., e. within lids & socket; e.-bolt, bolt, bar, building ; frame, structure, (lit. & fig.) (often ;

with e. at end for hook &c. ; eyebright (also textile f.) woven material; construction, tex-
euphrasy), plant formerly used to cure weak ture, tissue, [f. F fabrique f. Lfabrica (faber
eyes eyebrow, fringe of hair over e. ; e. -glass, artificer)]
;

lens for assisting defective sight, (pi.) pair of fa'brieate, v.t. Construct, manufacture,
these held in position by hand or by spring on (rare) invent (lie, &c), forge (document). So ;

nose (cf. spectacle) eyehole, hole containing

; fabriCA tion, fa'brieatOR 2 nn. [f. L fabri- #
,

e., hole to look through eyelash, hair, row of care as prec, -ate 3 ]
;

hairs, on edge of eyelid ; eyelid, upper or lower fa'bulist, n. Composer of fables or apo-
cover of e., (fig.) hang on by the eyelids, have logues liar. [f. F fabidiste (fable 1 -ist)] ; ,

only slight hold e.-opener, enlightening or sur-

; fa'bulous, a. Given to legend (/. historians);
prising circumstance eyepiece, lens(es) at e.- celebrated in fable unhistorical, legendary in-
; ; ;

end of telescope &c e.-servant (working pro- credible, absurd, exaggerated. Hence or cogn.
;

perly only under employer's e.); e.-service (per- fabulS'siTY, fa'bulousNESS, nn., fa'bu-
formed only thus) eyeshot, seeing distance, as Iously 2 adv. [f. L fabidosus (fable 1 -ous)}
; ,

beyond, in, out of, eyeshot (of) eyesight, power, faea'de (-sahd), n. Face of building towards
;

faculty, of seeing; eyesore, ugly mark, (fig.) street or open space. [F (foil., -ade a )]
cause of annoyance or disgust; e.-splice (made face 1 , n. Front of head from forehead to
by turning up end of rope & interlacing its chin (look one in the /., confront him steadily
Btrands with those of upper part) eyestrings, show one's/., appear /. tof., confronted ; /. to ; ;

muscles, nerves, tendons, of e. e.-tooth (canine, f. with, confronting set one's /. against, op-
; ;

just under or next to e., in upper or lower jaw) pose; with wind, sun, in one's /.. straight
eyewater, tears, lotion fore. aqueous or vitreous against one fly in thef. of, openly disobey ; in
, ;

humours of e. ; eyewitness, one who can bear f. of, opposite to in the f. of, or in f. of, de- ;

witness from his own observation. Hence spite to one's/., openly in his sight or hearing ;

(-)eyED 2 eye'LESS, aa. [OE eage, Du. oog, G in the f. of day, openly) expression of counte-
, ;

auge, f. OTeut. augon, etym. dub.] nance grimace (make, pull, a f. or- ff.); com- ;

eye 2, v.t. Observe, watch, (jealously, narrow- posure, coolness, effrontery, (have the /., be
ly, with disgust, askance, &c). [f. prec] shameless enough save one's/., forbear from ;

eyelet (I-), n. Small hole in cloth, sail, &c, or evade shaming him or oneself openly) out- ;

for lace, ring, rope, &c. loophole e.-hole, small ward show, aspect, (on the f. of it, to judge by
; ;

hole to look or shoot through small eye. [ME appearance put a new /. on, alter aspect of
; ;

oilet f. F ozillet dim. of osil eye f. L oculus] pxd a good f. on matter, make it look well,
eyot. _See ait. show courage in facing it) surface (from the ;

eyre (ar), n. (hist.). Circuit, circuit court, as f. of the earth) front, facade, right side, ob- ;

Justices in E. [f. OF eire f. errer (errant 1)] verse, dial-plate of clock &c, working surface
eyrie. See aerie. of implement &c f.-ache, neuralgia ; /. value, ;

nominal value as stated on coin, note, &c

Hence -facED 2 a. [F, f. pop. L facia- facies
F (ef), letter (pi. Fs, F's). (Mus. also fa)
F
(facere make, or fa- shine)]
face 2, v.t. & L Meet confidently or defiantly ;

fourth note in diatonic scale of C major. (/. matter out, carry it through ; /. opponent
Abbreviations (1) (F.) Fahrenheit, as 45° F.: down, browbeat him), not shrink from, stand
 :;;

PACER 291 FAHRENHEIT

fronting, (/. the music, not quail at moment of but also used when -fy represents L -Jicare, F
trial) ; present itself to (the problem that faces -Jier, as in petrifaction.
its) ; turn (card) f. upwards (of persons &c.) ;
factitious, a. Designedly got up, not na-
look, (of things) be situated, in a certain direc- tural, artificial. Hence facti'tiousLY - adv..
tion (on, to, or North, Eastwards, &c.) front ; faeti'tiousNESS n. [f. L facticius (facere
towards, be opposite to, (to f. page 20) ; (Golf) fact-make) + -ous]
strike (ball) full with middle of club-f. in driv- fa'etitive, a. (gram.). F. verb, one with sense
ing from tee; (Mil.) turn in certain direction make, call, or think, that takes obj. & compl. (he
on one's ground {left, about, f. also trans., he ; thought her mad). Hence fa'etitiveLY 2 adv.
faced his men about); supply (garment) with [irreg. f. L facere fact- make, -ive]
facings; cover (surface) with layer of other fa'etop, n. Agent, deputy merchant buying ;

material; dress surface of; coat (tea) with & selling on commission, whence fa*etoPAGE(4)
colouring matter, [f. prec] n. (Sc.) land agent, steward (Math.) one of the
; ;

fa*eer, n. Blow in the face great & sudden ;

components that make up a number or expres-
[FACEi-f-ER ]
difficulty. 1 sion by multiplication circumstance, fact, or ;

fa'cet, n.One side of a many-sided body, esp. influence, contributing to a result, [f. Ffacteitr
gem one segment of a compound eye.
•f a cut ; f. L factor (prec, -or-)]
Hence fa*cetED 2 a. [f. Ffacette (face l -ette)] , factorial, a. &
Product of series
n. (math.).
faee'tiae (-shie), n. pi. Pleasantries, witti- of factors in arithmetical progression ; product
cisms; (book catalogues) books of humorous of an integer &
all lower integers (adj., /. U,
or obscene character. [L (facetus urbane)] symbol |fc=4 x 3 x 2 x 1). [-ial]
facetious (-shus), a. Addicted to or marked
fa'etopy, n. Merchant company's foreign
by pleasantry, waggish. Hence face'tiousLV 2 trading station manufactory, workshop, (F. ;

adv., faee'tiousxESS n. [f. F facetieux (face- Acts, regulating management in interest of the
tie f. L facet ia sing, of prec.)] hands), [ult. f. med.L factoria (factor, -y 1 )]
fa'cia (-sha), n. Plate over shop-front with faeto*tum, n. Man of all work; servant
occupier's name &c. [var. of fascia] managing his master's affairs. [med.L, as fac-
fa'cial Of the face (esp. in Anat., as simile + neut. of L tot us whole]
(-shl), a.
/. artery) ; angle, that formed by two lines
f. fa'ctual, a. Concerned with, of the nature
from nostril to (1) ear (2) forehead. &
[F, f. of, fact. Hence fa'ctualLY 2 adv. [f fact on .

med.L facialis (face 1 -al)] , false anal, of actual]

-facient (-shnt), suf forming adj j. represent- fa'ctum, n. Statement of facts or points in
.

ing L -facient- (facere make, -ent) added to controversy, memorial. [L, see fact]
infin. in -e, as calefacere, liquefacere, w. sense fa'cula, n. (astron. pi. -ae). Bright spot or
producing the action of the vb. E forms, on streak on sun. Hence fa'eulAR 1 fa'culous,
;

strict anal. w. L, absorbefacient Sec, &, loosely. aa. [L, dim. of fax fac- torch]
abortifacient, calorifacient, &c. where L would fa'eultative, a. Permissive optional con-
,
; ;

have vbs in -jicare, adjj. in -Jicus -fic. tingent of a faculty. [F (-if, -ive) foil., -ive] ; ;

fa'cile, a. Easily done or won working fa'eulty, n. Aptitude for any special kind of
;

easily, ready, fluent; of easy temper, gentle, action executive ability (chiefly U.S.) power ; ;
flexible, yielding. [F, f. L facilis (facere do)] inherent in the body or an organ a mental ;

fa'cile pri'neeps, pred. a. Easily first. [L] power, e. g. the will, reason branch of art or ;

facilitate, v.t. Make easy, promote, help science, department of University teaching
forward, (action or result). Hence faei'litA'- (the four ff.. Theology, Law, Medicine, Arts),
tion n. [f. Ffaciliter as prec] Masters Doctors in any of these (pop., The F., &
faei'lity, n. Being easy, absence of difficulty, members of medical profession) liberty of ;

unimpeded opportunity (giveff. for, of doing); doing something given by law or a superior,
ease or readiness of speech &c, aptitude, dex- authorization, licence, (esp. eccl.). ff. Ffaculte
terity, fluency pliancy, [f. Ffacilite f hfacili- f. ljfacultatem (facilis easy)]
; .

tatem (facile, -ty)] fad, n. Pet notion or rule of action, craze,

fa'eingr, n. In vbl senses of face 2 esp. piece of fancied enlightenment. Hence fa*d- ;

(pi.) cuffs, collar, &c, of soldier's jacket, differ- diSH 1 fa'ddY 2 aa., fa'ddiNESS, fa'ddish' , ,

ently coloured from rest coating of different ness, fa*ddiSM(3), fa*ddiST(2), nn. [?]
;

material, esp. of stone &c. on wall, [-ing 1 ] fade, v.i. & t. Droop, wither, lose freshness
facsimile, n., v.t. &
Exact copy, esp. of vigour; (of colour &c) grow dim or pale; &
writing, printing, picture, &c. (reproduced in cause to lose colour disappear gradually. ;

/., exactly) (vb) make f. of. [L fac imperat. of Hence fa'deLESS a., fa'delessLY 2 adv. [f. OF
;

facere make + neut. of similis like] fader (fade dull, insipid, perh. f. L vapidus))
fact, n. Perpetration of act, occurrence of faeces (fe-), n. pi. Sediment excrement of ;

event, (now only in before, after, thef, confess the bowels. Hence fae'CAL a. [L, pi. oifaex}
the /.) thing certainly known to have occurred
; Fa'epie, -y, n. a. Fairyland, the fairies, &
or be true, datum of experience, (often with ex- esp. as represented by Spenser (attrib.) vision* ;

planatory clause or phrase, as the f that fire ary, fancied, [var. of fairy]
burns, of my having seen him) thing assumed fag, v.i. ; t., n. Toil painfully (of occu- & & ;

as basis for inference {his ff. are dispxdable) pation) tire, make weary (at schools, of seniors) ;

(sing, without a) the true or existent, reality, use the service of (juniors), (of juniors) do ser«
(so matter of /., independent of inference vice for seniors (Cricket) /. out, field f.-end^ ; ;

matter 1 -of-f. inf. in point off. thef. of the inferior or useless remnant. (N. drudgery, un-
; ; ; )

matter is), [f. L factum neut. p.p. of facere do] welcome task (what af. !), exhaustion (brain-
fa'etion, n. Self-interested, turbulent, or un- f.) (at schools) junior who has to f. [perh. ;

scrupulous party, esp. in politics prevalence corrupt, of flag v.] ;

of party spirit. Hence or cogn. fa'etionAL, fa'g-grot, fa'g-ot, n., v.t. i. Bundle of & &
fa'etious, aa. fa'etiousLY 2 adv. fa'ctious- sticks or twigs bound together as fuel bundle
, , ;

ness n. [F, f L factionem (facere fact- do, -ion) of steel rods f.-vote, manufactured by trans-
.
;

way of making (fashion), class, clique] ferring sufficient property to unqualified per-
-faction, suf. repr. L -factio, forming nn. of son, so /. -voter; (vb) bind in ff, make ff. [F
action related to vv. in -FY, prop, only when -fy (fagot), etym. dub.]
represents L -facere, F -faire, as in satisfaction, Fahrenheit (-it), a. (abbr. F.). F. th&rmo*
 / ;; ; ; ;

FAIENCE 292 FALCONER

meter, with 32° &
212° for freezing boiling & ary Fair-maids, snowdrops. Hence faip*NES8
points (used esp. in giving temperatures, as5(r n. [com.-Teut. OE fxger cf. OHG fagar]
;

F.). (Prussian inventor d. 1736J faiP 3, adv. Speak one /., address him cour-
faience (F), n. Earthenware & porcelain of teously ;f. -spoken (of person), courteous, bland
all kinds, [f. f. Faenza Italian town]
F faience write outf, as fair 2 copy hit, fight, /., accord-
;

fail K n. Witho ut f.
for certain, irrespective, ing to the rules bid 1 /. (with strike, fall, &c.)
; ;

of hindrances, (emphasizing injunction or pro- straight, plump, clean. [OEfxgre (prec.)]

mise), [f. OF faile (faillir fail 2 )] faii»*ingr, n. Present bought at a fair. 1-ing 1 ]
fail 2, v.L &
t. (strictly, intr. with ind. obj.). faip'ly, adv. In adj. senses ; (also) utterly,
Be missing (see failing 2 ) or insufficient, not completely, (/. beside himself there is some- ;

suffice for needs of (person), run short, {time times doubt between this sense & that of
would f. me to tell ; his heart failed him) be- ; rather, tolerably, as in/, good), [-ly 2 ]
come extinct, die away ; flag, break down ; faip'y, n. & a. Small supernatural being
prove misleading, disappoint hopes of, (the with magical powers Fairyland, home of ff.,
;

prophecy failed the xcind failed us) be in-

; ; enchanted region f.-ring, circular band of
;

sufficiently equipped in, not succeed in the darker grass caused by fungi & attributed to
attainment of; not succeed (in doing or to do) f. dancing f.-tale, about fF., also account of
;

miscarry, come to nothing suspend payment, ; strange incident, coincidence, marvellous pro-
go bankrupt be rejected as candidate, [f. OF
; fress, &c. hence faip'yDOM, faip*yHOOD,
;

faillir f. pop. L *fallire = hfallere deceive] aip'yiSM, nn. (Adj.) of ff. ; imaginary, ficti-
fai'lingr 1 , n. In vbl senses; also, foible, tious; f.-like, beautiful & delicate or small,
shortcoming, weakness, [-ing 1 ] whence faip'iLY 2 adv. [f. OF faerie (now
2
fai'lingr , prep. In default of (/. this, if this feerie) OF/ae fay]
f.

does not happen whomf. or/, whom in proxy

; fait accompli (F), n. Thing done & no
appointments). [-ING 2 ] longer worth arguing against.
fai'lupe Non-occurrence, non-per-
(-yer), n. faith, n. Reliance, trust, in belief founded ;

formance running short, breaking down ill

; ; on authority (pin one's/, to or upon, believe
success; unsuccessful person, thing, or attempt implicitly) (Theol. ) belief in religious doctrines, ;

insolvency, [earlier failer for F faillir fail 2 esp. such as affects character conduct, spiri-
,
&
cf. -er 4 -ure]
, tual apprehension of divine truth apart from
fain 1 , pred. a., & adv. "Willing under the proof ; system of religious belief (the Christian.
circumstances to left with no alternative but
; Jewish, f. defender of the F. the f. the true ; ; ,

to ;(adv.) would /., would be glad to. [OE religion) ; things (to be) believed warrant (on ;

fxgen cogn. w. OHG (gi)fehan rejoice] thef. of); promise, engagement, (give, pledge,
fain 2, fains, fen(s), child's formula (usu. plight, keep, break, violate, one's/.); loyalty,
fains /as v.t.) stipulating for exemption from fidelity, (goodf, honesty of intention ; badf.,
unwelcome office &c. (/. 1 wicket-keeping !). [?] intent to deceive ; Punic f. treachery) ;f.-cure,
faineant (F), n. a. &
Idle(r), inactive (offi- -curer, -healing, -healer, acting by prayer, not
cial). [F, perversion on aire do, niant nothing, drugs &c. [f. OF feid f. L fides]
of OF faignant sluggard (faindre skulk)] farthful, a. Loyal, constant, (to person, one's
faint K a. Sluggish timid (f. -heart, coward ; word), conscientious ; trustwortby ; true to fact,
;

so faint-heaptED 2 a., faint-hear'tedi.v 2 the original, &c, accurate; thef. (pi.), true be-
adv., faint-heap*tedNESs n.) feeble (a f. lievers, esp. Mohammedans (Father of the /.,
;

show of resistance) dim, indistinct, pale (/. or Caliph). Hence fai'thfulNESS n. [-ful]
;

feint lines, ruled f

or feint, of paper with lines fai'thfully, adv. In adj. senses ; esp. yours :

to guide writing af. idea, inadequate) giddy /., formula of rather distant tone for closing
; ;

or languid with fear, hunger, &c, inclined to letter ; dealf. with, speak home truths to or of
swoon ; (of air, scents, &c.) sickly, oppressive. promise f, emphatically (colloq. ). [-ly 2]
Hence fal , ntisH 1 (2) a., fai'ntLY 2 adv., fai'thless, a. Unbelieving ; perfidious, false
fai*ntNESS n. [OF, p.p. of faindre feign] to promises ; unreliable. Hence fai'thlessLY-
faint 2, v.i., n. &
Lose courage, give way, adv., fai'thlessNESS n. [-less]
(archaic) ; swoon (v. &
n. ; fainted away ; in a fake 1 , v.t., n. (naut.). Coil (rope) ; (n.) one &
deadf, utterly insensible), [f. prec] round of a coil. [?]
faints, n. pi. Impure spirit coming over at fake 2, v.t., n. (slang). Do up, make pre- &
beginning &
end of distillation, [f. faint 1 ] sentable or specious, contrive out of poor mate-
fair , n.
1 Periodical gathering for sale of rial ; (n. ) piece of faking, thing faked up, dodge,
goods, often with shows &
entertainments, at cooked report, [perh. f. Gfegen sweep]
place & time fixed by charter, statute, or cus- fakir* (-er), n. Mohammedan (or Hindu) re-
tom (a day after thef. too late) fancy-/. If. ligious mendicant, devotee, [f. Arab, faqir
;

OF feire (now foire) f. L/eria holiday] poor man]

faiP 2, a. n. &
Beautiful (the f. sex, the /., fa'lbala, n. Flounce, trimming. [?]
women; also archaic as n., a f. =a woman); fa*lcate,a. (anat.,bot.,zool.). Hooked, sickle-
satisfactory, abundant, (af. heritage) specious shaped, [f. \j falcatus i. falx sickle, -ate 2 (2)]
;

If. speeches) ; blond, not dark, (af. man, com- fa'lcated, a. (astron.). = prec. (of moon &c).
plexion,hair, whence faip-haiPED 2 a.) clean, [as prec, see -ate 2 ] ;

clear, unblemished, (/. water-, /. copy 1 ; /. falchion (fawltshn), n. Broad curved con-
fame) ; just, unbiased, equitable, legitimate, vex-edged sword, [f. OF fauchon f. pop. L
tf. & square a. &
adv., without finesse, above- *falcionem nom. -o (hfalx sickle)]
board /. trade, principle that reciprocity
; fa'leifopm, a. (anat). Sickle-shaped, [f. L
should be thecondition of free trade; af. field 1 falx -cis sickle -f -form]
& no favour ; all \s /. in love &
war ; /. play, falcon (fawkn, fawlkn), n. Small diurnal
equal conditions for all) of moderate quality, bird of prev, esp. as trained to hawk for sport
;

not bad, pretty good, whence faip*iSH 1 (2) a. (in falconry the female only, cf. tiercel). So
favourable, promising, gentle, unobstructed. fal*conRY(2, 5) n. [f. OF faucon f. LL fal-

If. or foul weather ; /. -weather friends, not conem perh. f. hfalx sickle]
good at need ; in a f. way to succeed ; by f. fal'conep (fawk-), n. Keeper and trainer of
means, without violence or fraud fairway, hawks one who hunts with hawks,
; ; [f. OF
navigable channel) ;/. -maid, - fumade; Febru- faulconnier, see prec, -er 2 (2)J
 ;;:
;

FALCONET 293 FAMILIARIZE

fal'conet (fawk-), n. (Hist.) light cannon (Log.) flaw that vitiates syllogism, one of the
species of shrike, [first sense f. It. falconetto types of such flaws ; delusion, error, (pathetic
dim. of falcone falcon last f. falcon + -et *] /.); unsoundness, delusiveness, disappointing
;

faldera'l, n. Gewgaw, trifle, [earlier as character, (of arguments or beliefs). So fallA •-

meaningless refrain in songsj cious a., falla'ciousLYSadv., falla'cious-
fa'ldstool (faw-), n. Bishop's armless chair ness n. [f. L fallacia (fallax deceiving f. fal-
movable desk for kneeling at ; desk for litany lere deceive) see -acy]
to be said from. [f. med.L faldistolium f. fal-la*l, n. Piece of finery. Hence falla*l- OHG
faldstuol (faldan to fold, stool)] ery(5) n. [contemptuous reduplication, cf. gew-
Faler'nian, n. A
famous wine of ancient gaw, perh. f. falbala]
Campania, [f. L (vinum) Falernum Falernian fa'llible, a. Liable to err or be erroneous.
(wine) + -1AN] Hence falliBrLlTY n. [f. lAjfallibilis (fallere
fall ! (fawl), v.i. (fell ; fallen often conjugated deceive, -ble)J
with be, see -ed ] (2), &
used as adj.). Descend fa-llow i, n., a., v.t. (Ground) ploughed and &
freely {falling star, meteor), drop, (the remark harrowed but left uncropped for a year ; uncul-
fell from him ; lambs f., are born), come down, tivated (land) ; (vb) break up (land) for sowing
lose high position (statesmen /.), swoop (ven- or to destroy weeds. [ME f alive ploughed land,
geance fell) become detached, hang down sink cf. OE fealga harrows]
; ;

to lower level (barometer, prices, f.), decline, fa'llow 2 , a. Of pale brownish or reddish
slope disembogue into subside, ebb, abate
; yellow (now only inf. -deer, species smaller than
; ;

show dismay (faces f), droop (eyesf.) cease to red deer). [OE falu cf Gfahl, prob. cogn. w. L ; .

stand (falling sickness archaic, epilepsy), be- pallidus pale & Gk polios grey]
come prostrate, come to ground, sin, be over- false (fawls), a. & adv. Erroneous, wrong,
thrown, perish, (/. prostrate, flat plans f. to incorrect, (/. idea, verdict ;/. concord, breach of
;

the ground, are abandoned, fail; /. on one's agreement rules in grammar /. quantity, in- ;

sword, in suicide wicket falls, batsman is out

; correct length of*Vowel in verse or pronuncia-
fortress falls, is taken woman falls, loses tion /. note in music ;/. drawing ;/. imprison-
; ;

chastity manyfell, were killed in battle seven ment, illegal /. weights &c. f. pride, shame,
; ; ; ;

lions fell to his rifle /. a prey or sacrifice to

;
based on wrong notions /. position, one that ; ;

f. into error houses f., tumble in fragments ;/.

; forces person to act against his principles /. ;

to pieces, intwo, asunder) take such adirection step, stumble, transgression /. start, wrong
; ;

(his eye fell upon me), have such a place (accent start in racing) lying, deceitful, treacherous, ;

falls on first syllable), alight, come by chance unfaithful to deceptive (/. mirror, medium) ; ;

*&c, (the lot fell upon me cost falls to you it spurious, sham, artificial, (/. coin, god, prophet,
; ;

fell in my way; f. among thieves, uponacorrupt hair, teeth ;/. colours, flag one has no right to.
age subject falls into three divisions) pass into lit. & fig.); improperly so called, pseudo-, (/.
; ;

such a state (fell into a rage, in love), become acacia /. bottom, horizontal partition in ves- ;

so-&-so (/. dumb, due) lapse, revert, (revenues sel /. keel) hence or cogn. fa'lseLY 2 adv.,
; ; ;

f. to the Croum) occur, have date, (Easter falls fa'lseNESS, fa'lsiTY, nn.
; Ad v. play person ( )

scribed). With prepp. /. a ing, begin /. be- fallere deceive]

:

hind, be passed by ;/. into, (line) take one's place

—
early), find place (what now falls to be de- /., cheat, betray. [OE/aZs f. lifalsus p.p. of

falsehood, n. Falsity something untrue,

;

in the ranks, combine with others, (conversation contrariety to fact lying, lie(s). [-hood] ;

with) begin talking to, (habit &c) adopt it /. falsetto (fawl-), n. Forced shrill voioe above ;

(up)on, assault, come across, (one's feet or legs) one's natural range (inf., af. tone, &c, often
—
get well out of difficulty /. to ing, take to, be- of sham indignation). [It., dim. offalso false]
;

gin, (also/, to work) ;f. under, be classed among, fa'lsify (fawl-), v.t. Fraudulently alter (docu-
be subjected to (observation &c.);/. within, be ment) misrepresent; make wrong, pervert; ;

included in. With advv. /. astern, (of ship) disappoint (hope, fear, &c). So falsincA"TiON
:

drop behind ;/. away, desert, revolt, apostatize, n. [f. F falsifier f. ISLfalsificare (false, -fy)]
decay, vanish /. back, retreat /. back upon,
; fa'ltep (fawl-), v.i. & t. Stumble, stagger, go
;

have recourse to ;/. behind, lag f.fotdof, come unsteadily stammer, speak hesitatingly, (/.
; ;

into collision with, quarrel with, attack ;/. in, out, utter, say, thus) waver, lose courage, ;

(Mil.) take or cause to take places in line, (of flinch. Hence fa'ltening'LY 2 adv. [?]
buildings &c.) give way inwards, (of debt &c.) fame , n. Public report, rumour; reputa-
1

become due, (of land &c.) become available, (of tion (house of illf., bawdy-house), good repu-
lease) run out /. in with, happen to meet, ac- tation renown, celebrity. [F, f. hfama = Gk
; ;

cede to (views), agree with (person), coincide pheme (fa- speak)]

with, humour /. off, withdraw, decrease, de-
; fame 2, v.t. (Pass. be currently reported as, )

generate (so falling off, n.), (of ship) refuse to for, to be or do; (p.p.) famous, much spoken
answer helm, (of subjects) revolt /. on, join of, (for valour &c). [f. OF famer (prec.)] ;

battle, begin feeding /. out, quarrel, come to ;

fami'liar (-jar), a. & n. Of one's family
pass, result well &c, (Mil.) leave the ranks /. (archaic for family attrib.) intimate (with), in ;
;

out of, give up (habit &c.) /. short, become in- close friendship (/. spirit, or /. as n., demon
;

sufficient, (of missile) not go far enough;/, short attending & obeying witch &c); closely ac-
of, fail to obtain ;/. through, miscarry, fail /. quainted with (some subject) well-known, no ; ;

to, begin eating or fighting. [com.-Teut. OE longer novel, (to) common, current, usual un- ; ; ;

feallan cf. G fallen also L fallere deceive]

; ceremonious, free, over-free. (N.): (R.-C. Ch.)
fall 2, n. Act of falling (see prec. also or esp. person rendering certain services in Pope's or
) ;
amount of rain &c. that falls; (now chiefly U.S.; bishop's household intimate friend or associ- ;

also/, of the year or leaf) autumn number of ate; f. spirit. Hence fami*liaPLY 2 adv. [f. OF ;

lambs born cataract, cascade, (of ten pi. down- familieri. hfamiliaris (family, -ar 1 )]
; ) ;

ward trend, amount of descent wrestling-bout, fami'lia'Pity, n. Close intercourse, intimacy

;

throw in this, (try af, lit. & fig.) amount of with person or some subject unceremonious-; ;

timber cut down succumbing to temptation ness, treatingof inferiors or superiors as equals,
;

(theF.,f. of man, Adam's sin and its results); (/. breeds contempt), [f. F familiarite f. L
kind of woman's veil. [f. prec] familiaritatem (prec, -ty)]
fallacy, n. Misleading argument, sophism, fami'liarize (-ya-), v.t. Make (thing) well
 ;;

FAMILY 294 PAR

known make (person, person's mind &c, one- please) ; thef, those who have a certain hobby,
;

self) well acquainted or at home with. Hence = -fanciers, esp. the patrons of boxing art of ;

fami'liapiZATiON n. [ize] breeding animals with certain points of excel-

fainily, n. Members of a household, parents, lence f.-free, not in love. (Adj.; not pred.) or- ;

children, servants, &c. (happy /., animals of namental, not plain, (/. bread /. dress, mas- ;

different kinds in one cage) set of parents & querade costume, so f.-d. or/, ball /. work, or-
;
;

children, or of relations, living together or not namental sewing &c. /. fair, bazaar for sale of ;

(Holy F„ The Virgin, Jesus, St Joseph, & often f. goods) (of flowers &c.) particoloured ; capri- ;

SI John Baptist & St Elizabeth, as grouped in cious, whimsical, extravagant, (at af. price ;/.
pictures) person's children all descendants of franchise, based on complicated or arbitrary
;
;

common ancestor, house, lineage, (of f., nobly qualifications ; /. dog, pigeon, &c, bred for par-
born) race, group of peoples from common ticular points of beauty &c.) based on imagina-
; ;

stock brotherhood of persons or nations united tion, not fact (/. picture) f. man, sweetheart,
;
;

by political or religious ties group of objects (slang) man living on earnings of a prostitute,
;

distinguished by common features group of [contraction of fantasy] ;

allied genera, usu. subdivision of order /. fa'ney 2, v.t. Picture to oneself, conceive, ;

butcher &c, supplying ff. as opp. to the army imagine, (/. oneself dead /. a blue dahlia /. ; ;

&c. /. hotel, with special terms for ff. in af. him to be here, that he is here imperat. as excl.
; ; ;

way, without ceremony in the f. way, with of surprise, fancy !,f. his believing it!); be in-
;

child /. Bible, large Bible with fly-leaves for clined to suppose, rather think (colloq.) have
; ;

registering births &c. /. coach, large closed good conceit of (oneself, one's game &c.) take
; ;

carriage, a game of forfeits; Fr Compact, in a f. to, like breed, grow, (animals, plants) with ;

18th c. between Bourbons of France, Spain, & attention to certain points, [f. prec]
Two Sicilies, esp. against England & Austria fanda'ngle, n. Fantastic ornament, tom- ;

/. likeness, that between relations, vague re- foolery, [perh. f. foil.]

semblance /. living, benefice in gift of head of
; fanda'ngro, n. Lively Spanish dance tune ;

f. ; /. man, one with f., domestic person ; /. tree, for this. [Sp.]
genealogical chart, [f. L familia household fane, n. (poet.). Temple, [f. hfanum]
(famulus servant, -ia j )] fa'nfape (or as F), n. Flourish of trumpets,
fa'mine, scarcity of food in a
n. Extreme bugles, &c. [F]
district &c. dearth of something specified, as
; fanfapona'de (or as F), n. Arrogant talk,
water f. (f. prices, raised by scarcitv) hunger, ; brag ; prec. [f. F fanfaronnade f. fanfaron
=
starvation, (die of /.). [F, f. LL *famina f. L (prec, -oon), -ade]
fames hunger, -ixe 4 ] fang" 1 , n. Canine tooth, esp. of dogs wolves; &
fa'mish, v.t. i. Reduce, be reduced, to ex- & serpent's venom-tooth ; spike of tool held in the
treme hunger; (colloq.) be famishing, feel hun- stock ; (prong of) root of tooth. Hence (-)fang*-
gry, [obs. fame v. f. fames hunger, -ish 2] L ed 2, fa*ng"LESS, aa. [OE, cf. Gfangen seize]
fa'mous, a. Celebrated, well ; (colloq.) known fang 2, v. t. Prime (pump) by pouring in water
capital, excellent, whence fa'mousLY 2 adv. to start it. [f. prec]
OF fameus f. hfaynosus (fame, -ose )]
[f. 1
fantasia (-aze'a, -ah'zla), n. Musical compo-
fa'mulus, n. (pi. -li). Attendant on magician. sition in which form is subservient to fancy.
[L,= servant] [It.,= fantasy]
fan 1
, n. Winnowing-machine ; instrument, fa'ntast, ph-, n. Visionary, dreamer, [f.
usu. folding & sector-shaped when spread out, med.L f. Gk phantastes (phantazomai make
on radiating ribs, for agitating air to cool face; a show f. phaxno show)]
anything so spread out, as bird s tail, wing, leaf, fanta'stic, a. Fancied (rare) ; extravagantly
kind of ornamental vaulting (/. tracery) rotat- ; fanciful, capricious, eccentric ; grotesque or
ing apparatus giving current of air for ventila- quaint in design &c
Hence (thr. obs. -i'ca?)fan-
tion &c; (Naut.) (blade of) screw, propeller (in ; tastiea'IiTV, fanta'sticalNESS, fanta's-
windmill) small sail for keeping head towards tieisivi, nn., fanta'stiealLY 2 adv. [f. med.L
wind /. -light, f. -shaped Avindow over door ;/.-
; fantasticus f. LLf. Gk phantastikos (prec, -ic)]
tail, f. -shaped tail or end, kind of pigeon, coal- fa'ntasy, ph-, n. Image-making faculty,
heaver's hat or sou'- wester. [OE fann f. L van- esp. when extravagant or visionary mental ;

nus winnowing-basket] image ; fantastic design ; = fantasia whim- ;

fan 2 v.t., & Winnow (corn), whence fa*n-

i. sical speculation, [f. OF fantasie f. L f. Gk
nER J
(2) n.; winnow away (chaff), sweep away phantasia (see fantast)]
(as)by wind from f.; move (air) with f.; drive fantocci'ni (-tshene), n. pi. Mechanically
current of air (as) with f. upon, to cool (face &c.) worked puppets marionette show. [It.]
;

or to kindle (flame /. the flame, increase ex- ; faquir. See fakir.

citement &c.) (of breeze) blow gently on, cool; fapi.adv. (farther, -thest, further, -thest),
spread out (t. & i.) in f. shape, [f. prec] (often & n. At a great distance, a long way off,
fana'tic, a. & n. (Person) filled with exces- also fig., as /., so f, with away, off, out ;

sive & mistaken enthusiasm, esp. in religion. from from ; f. be it from me to, I doi?ig, f. it
Hence fana'tieAL a., fana'tiealLY 2 adv., would on no account) ; to a great distance or
fana'tieiSM n., fana*tieiZE(2, 3) v.i. t. [f. advanced point (driven f. into the ground ; f. &
\jfanaticus (fanum temple, -atic)] gone, advanced in some progress ; he will gof,
fa'neiep, n. Connoisseur in some article or do much gof to effect &c, nearly do so ; by a ;

animal (of which the name is usu. prefixed, as great interval, by much, (/. different, better, the
dog, rose, -f). [fancy 2 -er l ] best ; also/. away) ;sof, to such a distance,
,

fa'neiful, a. Indulging in fancies, whimsical, (also) up to now ; howf, to what extent; asf.
&
capricious; fantastically designed, ornamented, as, right to, not short of, (place) ; as or sof. as,
&c, odd-looking; imaginary, unreal. Hence in sof as, to whatever extent ;f.-aicay, remote,
fa'neifalLv 2 adv., fa'neifulNESs n. [ful] long-past, (of look &c) absent, dreamy ;/.-6e-
fa'ney \ n. a. Delusion, unfounded belief& tween, infrequent ;/. -famed, widely known /.- ;

faculty of calling up things not present, of in- fetched, of simile, illustration &c) studiously
venting imagery; mental image; arbitrary sought out, strained /. forth /. off, remote; ; ;

supposition ; caprice, a whim ; individual taste, f.-reaching, widely applicable, carrying many
inclination, (take a f. to, for; catch thef. of, consequences ; f. -seeing, -sighted, prescient,
 ;;

PAR 295 FAST

prudent, (of vision) seeing distant things more duce pigs, [vb f. n., OE fearh f. OTeut. farhoa
clearly than near ones. (N.) a distance (do you cf. L porcus]
come from/. ?) ; large amount (by/., -with com- fart, n., & v.i. (indecent). Emission of, emit,
Ear. &
superl., prefer, surpass, &c). [OE/eor(r) wind from the anus. [Aryan, cf. Gk perdomai]
OTeut./er-f. Aryan per- cf. Glapcran beyond] far'ther (-dh-), adv. & a. (used as comp. of
far 2 , a. (farther, -est, further, -est). Distant, far 1 2 see etym.), & v. t. To or at a more ad-
.
,

remote, (af. cry 2

). [OE feorr f. prec] vanced point or greater extent or distance (I'll
fa'rad, n. (electr.). Electro-magnetic unit of see youf. or further /ms£) in addition, also, ;

capacitj*. [f. Faraday, electrician, d. 1867] besides, moreover, (now usu. further). (Adj.)
faracia'ie, a. (electr.). Inductive, induced, more extended, additional, more niore distant ;

(of current), [as prec, -icj or advanced, whence far'therMOST a. (Vb,

farce \ n. Dramatic work merely to excite rare) = further, [var. of further both ;
laughter; this species of drama absurdly futile ; used as comp. of far, but with tendency to re-
px*oceeding, pretence, mockery. Hence far*ei- strict/, to lit. & further to secondary senses]
cal a., fap'eicalLY 2 adv., fareiea'liTY n. farthest (-dh-), a. & adv. Most distant (at
[F, orig. = stuffing, f. L farcire to stuff, used the,at,f, at the greatest distance, at latest, at
metaph. of interludes &c] most); (adv.) to or at the greatest distance,
faree 2 , v.t. (archaic). Season, spice, stuff, (in [var.,now more usu., of furthest]
cookery, & fig. of literary compositions), [f. OF far'thing (-dh-), n. Quarter of a penny least ;
farsir f. L as prec] possible amount (doesn't matter a /.). [OE
farceur' Joker, wag. [F]
(-ser), n. feorthing (feortha fourth, -ing 3 )]
far'ey, n. Disease, esp. of horses, allied to far'thing-ale, n. (hist.). Hooped petticoat,
glanders /. bud. button, small tumour in this,
; OF verdugale f. Sp. -ado (verdugo rod, -ado)]
[f.
[f. F farcin f. Lifarciminum {farcire stuff)] fa'sees, n. pi. (Rom. hist.). Bundle of rods
far'del (-dl), n. (archaic). Bundle, burden. with axe in the middle carried by lictor before
[OF, dim. of farde burden perh. f Arab, fardah ] . high magistrate ensigns of authority. [L (pi.
;

fare a , n. 1. Cost of passenger's conveyance, olfascis bundle)]

passage-money passenger in hired vehicle. 2.; fascia (fa'shia), n. (Arch.) long flat surface
Food provided (usu. good, bad, plentiful, &c, of wood or stone ; (Anat.) thin sheath of fibrous
/*.; bill 4 off). [OE/ser (sense 1), Scfaru (sense tissue ; stripe, band, fillet, belt. [LJ
2), f. st. of foil.] fa'sciated (fashl-), a. (Bot.; of contiguous
fare 2 Journey, go, travel, (poet.; so/.
, v.i. parts) compressed, growing, into one (so fa*-
forth, start) happen, turn out, (how fares it?)
; seiATiON n.); striped, [f. obs. fasciate f. L
get on well, ill, &c, have such luck; be enter- fasciare (prec), -ate 2 ]
tained, be fed or feed oneself, well &c [com.- fa'scicle, -ieule, -i'eulus, (fasi), n. (Bot.
Teut.; OE & OHG faran f. Aryan por- pass &c) bunch, bundle, whence fa'seielED 2 fas- ,

through cf. Gk poros ford, L portare carry] ei'eulAR i, fasei'eulATE 2 -a ted, aa., fasei-
,

farewell, int. & n. Good-bye !, Adieu (/. to, !, cuIa-tion n.; one part of book published by in-
no more of) (n.) leave-taking, parting good
; stalments, [f. L fasciculus (fasces, -cule)]
wishes, [imperat. of prec. + well] fa'scinate, v. t. Deprive (victim) of power of
fappna, n. Flour or meal of corn, nuts, or escape or resistance by one's look or presence
starchy roots; powdery substance (Bot.) pol- (esp. of serpents) attract irresistibly, enchant,
; ;

len (Chem.) starch. Hence farlnA'CEOUS a. charm, whence fa*seinatiNG 2 a., fa'scinat-
;

[L (far corn, -ine 4 )] ingLY 2 adv. Hence or cogn. fa'seinA'TioN,

fa'Pinose (-s), a. Mealy, sprinkled with pow- fa'seinatOR 2 (esp., = opera-hood), nn. [f. L
der, [prec, -ose ] 1
fascinare (fascinum spell), -ate 3 ]
farl, n.(Sc). Thin cake,orig. quadrant-shaped, fasci'ne (-sen), n. Long faggot used for en-
of oatmeal or flour, [for obs. fardel quarter gineering purposes & esp. in war for filling
(FOURTH, DEAL), Cf. FARTHING] trenches, making batteries, &c. ;/. dwelling, pre-
farm \ n. Tract of land used under one man- historic lake dwelling supported by cross layers
agement for cultivation (orig. only of leased of sticks sunk below surface. [F, f. hfascina
land home-f, reserved
; &
worked by owner of (fascis bundle, -ine 4 )]
estate containing other ff.) (also f. -house) fash, v.t., n. (Sc).
; Bother, trouble, incon- &
dwelling-place attached to f. place where venience, [n. f. vb, f. OF fascher (now fdcher)]
;

children are farmed (see foil.) f. -stead, f. with fa'shion (shn), n.,&v.t. Make, shape, style,
;

buildings on it f.-yard, enclosure attached to pattern, manner, (after the f. of, like so -/. =
; ;

f. -house, [f. F ferme f. med.L/irma fixed pay- -wise, as walk crab-f); after, in, a f., not satis-
ment firmare fix f. firmms)]
( factorily, but somehow or other; prevailing
farm 2, v.t. & i. Take proceeds of (tax, office, custom, esp. in dress (f. -plate, picture showing
&c.) on payment of fixed sum (also/, out) let style of dress) conventional usages of upper-
; ;

out proceeds of (tax &c) to person for fixed class society, (thef., whatever is in accord with
sum let the labour of (persons) for hire con- these for the time being set thef, give the ex-
; ; ;

tract to maintain and care for (persons, esp. ample in changing them; the /., also, admired
children) for fixed sum cultivate, till till the & discussed person or thing; in, out of,f. or
; ;

soil, be a farmer. Heuce far'mER 1 far'm- thef, agreeing or not with current usage man , ;

ingJ, nn. [f. prec] &c off, of social standing, moving in con- &
far*o, n. Gambling card-game. [f. Pharaoh forming with upper-class society) hence -fa- ;

(significance doubtful)] shionED 2 a. Vb) give shape to, form, mould, (

farou'ehe (-oosh), a. Sullen, shy. [F] (into, to, or abs.). [f. OF/aco?i, OXF fachon,
farra'go (-ah-, -a-), n. Medley, hotchpotch. f. L f actionem (facerefact- make, -ion)]
Hence farraginous a. [L (genit. -inls),= fa'shionable, a. n. Following, suited to, &
mixed fodder (far corn)] the fashion characteristic of, treating of, or ;

fa'rrier, n. Shoeing-smith horse-doctor patronized by, persons of fashion. Hence fa # -

;

N.C.O. in charge of cavalry regiment's horses. shionableNESsn., fa'shionabLY 2 adv. (N.)

Hence fa*rriERY(2) n. [f. OF ferrier f. L fer- f. person, [prec. n., -able]
rarius f. ferritin iron, -er 2 (2)] fast !, v.i. 1. Abstain from all or some kinds
&
fa'ppow, n., v.t. & i. Giving birth to, litter of food as religious observance or in sign of
of, pigs (20 at one f.) (vb) produce (pigs), pro- mourning (fasting-day, = FAST^cfoy).
; 2. Go
 ; ;;;;

FAST 296 PATTY

without food. [com. -Teut. OBfaestan cf Goth. fate predestined liability to disaster fatal in-
; . ; ;

fastan = orig. keep, observe, f. OTeut. fasteja] fluence misfortune, calamity death by acci- ; ;

fast 2,n. Act of fasting (prec, 1); season or dent, in war, &c. [f. FfataliU f. hhfatalitatem
(also/. -day, fasting-day) day appointed for fast- (as fatal, see -ity)]
ing going without food (break one's/. = break-
;
fa'talize, v.i. & t. Incline to fatalism sub- ;

fast v.). [prob. f. ONfasta f. OTeut. as prec] ject to government by fate, [-ize]
fast 3 , a. Firmly fixed or attached (stake/, in fa'ta morga'na (fah-, -gah-), n. Kind of
the ground /. friend or friendship, steady, mirage seen esp. in strait of Messina. [It. (fata
;

close ship f. aground f. asleep af. prisoner

;
fay, Morgana female name)] ; ;

fate, n., & v.t. Power predetermining events

;

/. colour, unfading, not washing out; make/.,

fasten play f.
;
&
loose, ignore obligations, be unalterably from eternity; (Mythol.) goddess,
unreliable; door is f, locked &c; takef. hold one of the three Greek goddesses, of destiny
of, tight /. with gout, confined)
;
rapid, quick- what is destined to happen appointed lot of
; ;

moving, producing quick motion, (/. train f. person &c; person's ultimate condition (decide, ;

cricket-ground,racquet-court,billiard-table,on fix, seal, one's/.); death, destruction. (Vb, usu,

which ball bounds smartly ; watch is/., shows pass. ) preordain (he was fated to&o or be ; it was
too advanced time person, dissipated, see fated that) (p.p.) doomed to destruction, [f. L
; /. ;

foil.). Hencefa-stiSH 1 (2)a. [com. -Teut. OE fatum neut. p.p. oifari speak] ;

fxst cf G fest cogn. w. Goth, fastan fast

.
i] fa'teful, a. Prophetic fraught with destiny, ;

fast-*, adv. (-er,-est). Firmly, fixedly, tightly, important, decisive controlled by, showing ;

securely, (stand, sit, stick, /.; /. bind, /. find, power of, fate. Hence fa'tefulLY adv. [-ful]
2

lock up" what you would not lose eyes f. shut fa'ther l (fahdh-), n. Male parent (also fig.;
; ;

sleep f., soundly); (poet. & archaic) close beside, the wish is f. to the thought, one believes be-
by, upon, &c; quickly, in quick succession live cause one wishes to the child is f. to the man, ; ;

/., live in a dissipated way, expend much

energy lays down the lines of his development; =f.-in-
in short time. [OEfxste (prec.)] law = step-f. (also adoptive /.), one who has ; ;

fa'sten (-sn), v.t. & i. Make fast, attach, fix, adopted a child progenitor, forefather origi- ; ;

secure by some tie or bond, (to, tipon, on adv. or nator, designer, early leader, (/. of English
prep., together, up, in adv. or prep. or abs. poetry F. of lies, the devil F. of the faith-
; ;
; ;

f. parcel, garment, door, &c, or string, bolt, &c.

ful; Ff. of the ChurchorFf., Christian writers
f. off thread &c,
secure with knot or otherwise), of first five centuries) one who deserves filial ;

whence fa'steniNGMl) (-sn-) n. direct (look, reverence (/. of his country) ; religious teacher
;

thoughts, &c.) keenly (up)on; fix (nickname, God First Person of the Trinity confessor ; ; :

imputation, &c.) (up)on;f. quarrel upon, pick priest belonging to religious order, superior of
quarrel with become fast (door will not f) ;/. monastic house Right, Most, Reverend F. in
; ;

(up)on, lav hold of, single out for attack, seize God, title of bishop, archbishop The Holy F., ;

\ipon (pretext). Hence fa*stenER 1 (2) n. [OE the Pope = priest as prefixed title venerable ; ;

fxstnian cf. Gfestnen (fast 3 -en 6 )] person, god (F. Thames) ; oldestmember, doyen,
,

fa'sti, n. pi. Chronological register of events, (F. of House of Commons, member with longest
annals. [L, = calendar] continuous service); (pi.) leading men, elders,
fasti'dious, a. Easily disgusted, squeamish, (Ff. of the City, Conscript Ff, Roman sena-
'hard to please. Hence fasti'diousLY 2 adv., tors) f. -in-law, father of one's wife or husband ;

fasti'diousN'ESS n. [f. L fastidiosus (fasti- fatherland, native country (the FA., Germany).
dium loathing, -ose 1 )] Hence fa*therHOOD,fa*thepsHiP, nn., fa'tn-
fa'stness, n. In adj. senses (fast 3 ) also, ePLESS a., fa'thePLiKE, fa'thePLV 1 2 aa. & ;
'
,

stronghold, fortress, [-ness] advv., fa'thepliNESS n. [Aryan; OE fxder

fat, a., n., & v.t. & i. Fed up for slaxighter, cf. G rater, L pater, Gk pater]
fatted; well-fed, plump, (cut upf., leave much fa'ther 2, v.t. Beget be the f. of originate ; ;

money), corpulent thick, substantial, (esp. of (statement &c); pass as, confess oneself, thef.,
;

printing- type) greasy, oily, unctuous, (cut itfi, author, of (child, book) govern paternally fix
;
; ;

make a display); (of coal) bituminous (of clay paternity of1 (child, book) upon. [I. prec] ;

&c.) sticky fertile, rich, yielding abundantly,

; fa'thom (-dh-), n. (pi., with numbers, often
(/. lands, benefice, job) slow-witted, indolent, fathom). Measure of six feet, chiefly used in
;

(f.-head, dolt ;f.-witted, stupid) f.-guts, corpu- soundings; quantity of wood 6ft square in
;

lent person ; f.-hen, kinds of goose-/oo£ ; hence section, whatever the length. [OE fsethm the
fa, ttiSH 1 (2) a., fa'tXESS n. (N.) the f. part of outstretched arms, cf. Gfaden 6ft cogn. w. Gk
anything (live on the f. of the land, have the petannumi spread]
best of everything) oily substance composing
; fa'thom 2, v.t. Encircle with the arms (ar-
f. parts of animal bodies (the f. is in the fire, chaic) measure with f.-line, sound, (depth of ;

there will be an explosion); (Theatr.) part of water), (fig.) get to the bottom of, comprehend,
*
r61e that enables actor to show off; (Chem.) or- whence fa'thoiriLESs a., fa'thomlessLY
fanic compound of glycerin with acid hence adv. [OE faethmian (prec. )] ;

a'tLESS a. (Vb) = fatten kill the fatted calf fati'dieal, a. Gifted with prophetic power,
;

for, receive (returned prodigal) with joy. [OE [f. L fatidicus (fate, -dicus -saying) + -al]
faett(ian) cf. Du. vet f. OTeut. faitido- p.p. of fati'g'ue (-eg), n., & v.t. Weariness after
faitjan fatten (faito- adj. fat)] exertion ; weakness in metals after repeated
fa'tal, a. Like fate, inevitable, necessary of, blows or long strain task &c. that wearies ; ;

appointed by, destiny (/. sisters, the Fates /. iier's non-military duty (f. -party or/., party ;

thread, allotted length of life; /. shears, death), told off for this so f -dress). Vb) tire, exhaust, ; (

fateful, important, decisive destructive, ruin- whence fati'grueLESS, ;

fati'g-iiiNG 2 aa. ,

ous, ending in death, (to) deadly, sure to kill; weaken (metal see above), [f. Ffatigue(r) I. h
;
;

(by exag?.) mischievous, ill-advised. Hence fatigare prob. cogn. w. fatiscere gape]
fa*tlingr» n. Young fatted animal, [-ling ]
1
fa*talLV 2 adv. [f. hfatalis (fate, -al)]
fa'talism, n. Belief that all events are pre- fa'tten, v.t. & i. Make fat (esp. animals for
determined by arbitrary decree submission to slaughter) grow fat enrich (soil), [-en 6 ]
; ;
;

all that happens as inevitable. So fa*taliST(2) n. fa'tty J ,a. Like fat, unctuous, greasy consist- ;

&a.,fatali*stica.,fatali , stiCALLYadv. [-ism] ing of fat, adipose with morbid deposition of ;

fata'lity, n. Subjection to, supremacy of, fat (/. degeneration of heart or kidney). [- y 2 ]
 ;; ;;

FATTY 297 FEATHER

fa'tty 2, Fat child &c. (usu. voc.
n. [- Y 3] ). duly favoured, whence fa*voupitiSM(3) n. [f.
fatuous, a. Vacantly silly, purposeless, idi- OF favoHt, -ri, p.p. of favorir favour]
otic. Hence or cogn. fatu'iTV n., fa'tuous- fawn 1
, n., a., & v.i. & t. Young fallow deer,
ly 2 adv., fa'tuousNESS n. [f. Lfatuus + -ousj buck or doe of first year (inf., pregnant) f. or ;

faubourg (fo'boorg, or as F), n. Suburb, f.-colour(ed), (of) light yellowish brown (vb ;

esp. of Paris. [F] of deer) bring forth (young, or abs.). [f. OF faon
fau'cal, a. &
n. (phonol. ). Of the throat, deep- I. med.L Jetonem nom. (foetus)] -o
lv guttural (sound). If. L fauces throat + -al] fawn 2 , v.i. (Of animals, esp. dog) show af-
faireet, n. (dial. U.S.). Tap for barrel. & fection by tail-wagging, grovelling, &c. (/. on,
If. F fa usset vent-peg etyni. dub.J upon, lavish caresses on) (of persons) behave ;

faug-h (faw), int. of disgust. servilely, cringe (upon patron, or abs. ), whence
fault, n., & v. (geol.) i. & t. Defect, imper- fawniNG 2 a., fawningxY 2 adv. [OE fah-
fection, blemish, of character or of structure, nian cogn. w. fain ] 1

appearance, &c. (generous &c. to af, excessive- fay, n. Fairy, [f. OF fae f. Rom. fata sing,
ly with all JT., at buyer's risk) transgression,
; ; f. hjata pi. the fates]
offence, thing wrongly done, (Racquets &c.) ball fe'alty, n. Feudal tenant's or vassal's (ac-
wrongly served find f. {with), complain (of),
;
knowledgment of obligation of) fidelity to his
whence fau'ltfindER fau'ltfindiNG 1 2 l
n., '
lord (do, make, receive, swear, J.). [I. OF eaulte './

n. & a. responsibility for something wrong (the

; f. L fidelitatem (fidelis f. fides faith, -ty)]

f. was mine feap , n. Painful emotion caused by im-

it will be our ownf.), defect that
;
1

causes something (the f. is in the patient) pending danger or evil, state of alarm (was in
(Hunt.) loss of the scent, check so caused, (be at
/.), dread of, that, or lest; forf. of, (that), lest,
/., also fig. = be puzzled, not know what to do) in order that so-&-so may not occur dread & ;

(Geol.) break in continuity of strata or vein (vb,

reverence (thef. of God) anxiety for the safety ;

break continuity of, show such break) (Telegr.) of (inf. of his life) no /., it is not likely. Hence
; ;

imperfect insulation, leakage. Hence fau'lt- feap'LESs a., feap'lessLY 2 adv., feap'less-
less a., fau\ltlessLY adv., fau'ltlessNESS ness n. [OEfxr cf. G gefahr danger]
2
n., fau'ltY 2 a., fau'ltiLY 2 adv., fau'ltiNESS fear 2, v.i. & t. Be afraid (also as archaic
n. [ME & OF faut(e) f. pop. L *fallita fern, refl. in parenthesis, //. me ; never J., there is no
p.p. of fallere fail 2 ] danger of that) be afraid of hesitate to do,
; ;

faun, n. One of a class of Latin rural deities shrink from doing revere (God) apprehend, ; ;

with horns & tail. [f. L Faunus Latin god have uneasy anticipation of be afraid that (or ;

identified w. Gk Pan] with that omitted also need not &c. J. but or ;

fau'na, n. (pi. -ae). The animals of a region but that). [OKfxran f. prec]
or epoch treatise upon these. Hence fau'nAL
; feap'ful, a. Terrible, awful; (by exagg.)
a., fau'niST(3) n., fauni'stic(AL) aa. |mod.L, annoying &c (in af. mess); frightened, timid;
f. name of Goddess sister of Faunus see prec] apprehensive of, lest, (that) wanting resolution ;

fauteuil (F), n. Arm-chair; theatre stall. to; reverential. Hence feap'fulLY 2 adv.,
faux pas (lb pah), n. Act that compromises feap'fulNESS n. [-ful]
one's, esp. a woman's, reputation. [F] fear'nought (-awt), n. Stout woollen cloth
fa'voup \ n. Friendly regard, goodwill, (find used at sea for clothing & for protecting port-
f. in the eyes of, be liked by curr y f. ), appro val- holes &c [fear 2 nought]
'
2 ; ,

(look withf. on), good graces (be, stand high &c, feap'some, a. Appalling, esp. in appear-
in person's /.) kindness beyond what is due
; ance (usu. joe). Hence feap'someLY 2 adv.,
(should esteem it af. by f. of written on let- ; — , feap'someNESS n. [-some]
ter conveyed by friend ;domethef. of—ing\have fea'sible (-z-), a. Practicable, possible (loose- ;

received your f. of yesterday, letter woman ; ly) manageable, convenient, serviceable, plau-
bestows herff. on lover, yields) leave, pardon, ; sible. Hence feasiBixiTY n. [OF (fais- im-
(archaic byyourf. underf., if one may venture
; ; perf. st. offaire f. L facere do -f -ible)]
to say so) partiality, over-lenient or over-gen-
; feast, n., & v.i. & t. Joyful religious anni-
erous treatment; aid, furtherance, (under f. of versary (movable, immovable, /., recurring on
night) inf. of, on behalf or in support of, on the
; different, same, date) annual village festival ;

side of, to the advantage or account of, (am in
f. of woman's suffrage cheques to be drawn in
f. of the treasurer); thing given or worn -as
mark of f., knot of ribbons, rosette, cockade,
badge ; (archaic) looks, countenance, whence
sumptuous meal, esp. one given to number of
; guests and of public nature, (fig.) gratification
to the senses ormind (/. oj reason, intellectual
talk). (Vb) partake of f., fare sumptuously,
whence fea'stER l n. pass (night &c. away in ; )

well, ill, hard, Sec, -favouPED 2 a. [OF, f. L feasting regale (guests), [f. OF Jeste(r) f. L
;

favorem (J'avere show kindness to, -OR )] 1

fsta neut. pi. of Jestus festal]
fa'voup 2 , v.t. Look kindly upon, approve ; feat 1 , n. Noteworthy act, esp. deed of valour
treat kindly, countenance ; oblige with ; treat (often/, of arms) action showing dexterity or
;

with partiality, be unjust on behalf of; aid, strength, surprising trick, [f. OF fait fact]
support serve as confirmation of (theory &c.)
; fe t, 2 Adroit, smart, dextrous,
a. (ai-chaic).
prove advantageous to (person), facilitate (pro- neat, fence fea'tLY 2 adv. [f. OF fait made
cess &c), whence fa*voupiNG 2 a. ; resemble in f. hfn us p.p. of facere make]
features (/. one's father) (p.p.) having unusual ; fea'thep l (fedh-), n. One of the appendages
advantages; favoured by' (of letter), by f. of. growing from bird's skin, consisting of quill,
[f. OF javorer f. med.L J avorare as prec] (^ shaft, & two vanes of barbs (show the ivhitef., ,

fa'voupafole, a. Well disposed, propitious ^j betray cowardice — white f. in game-bird's tail

t

commendatory, approving; giving consent (J\ being mark of bad breeding— crop one's ff., ;

answer) promising, auspicious, (/. aspect)

; humiliate him) (collect.) plumage (in high &c. ;

helpful, suitable, (to). Hence fa'voupable- /., in good spirits &c; birds of a f, people of one
ness n., fa'vourabLY 2 ad v. [f. ¥ favorable sort) feathered game (fur &f, game beasts & ;

f. ~Lfavorabilis (favour 1 -able)] birds) piece(s) of f. attached to arrow plume

, ; ;

fa'vounite, n. & a. (Person) preferred above worn in hat &c. (af. in one's cap, something one
others (thef. of, af. with or of) (Racing) thef., may be proud of) very light object (could have
; ;

competitor generally expected to win person knocked me down xoith af.); ridge of upright ;

chosen as intimate by king or superior & un- hair f.-like flaw in gem (Rowing) action of ; ;

10*
 ;;
;

FEATHER 298 FEELING

feathering (see foil.); f.-bed, mattress stuffed TAiNi'ngr/.); entrance money for examination,
with /.-edge, (n.) fine edge of wedge-shaped
ff.; society, &c; terminal school-monev ; gratuity
board, (v.t.) bring (board) to this; f.-head(ed), (vb) pay f. to, engage for a f. [f. OF ft, fief, fiii,
-brain(ed), -pate(d), silly (person );/. -stitch, orna- med.L feodum, feudum, etym. dub.]
mental zigzag sewing; /.-weight, very light fee'ble, a. & n. Weak, infirm deficient ; in
thing or person, esp. jockey not over 4 st. 7 lb., character or intelligence wanting in energy, ;

boxer 9 st. Hence (-)feathePED 2 fea'ther- , force, or effect; dim, indistinct; hence fee'ble-
less, fea'thepv 2 aa., fea'thepiNESS, fea*-
, ness n., fee*bliSH ] (2) a., fee'bLY 2 adv. (N.,
thePLET, nn. [com.-Teut. OE fether cf. G ; Fenc) = FoiBLE. [f. OF feble, foible, (now faible)
feder, also Gk pteron wing, petomai fly] f. L flebilis lamentable (fiere weep)]

fea'theP 2, v.t. & i. Furnish, adorn, line, coat, feed 1 , v.t. & i. (fed). Supply with food put ;

with an arroxo
ff. (/. ; /. one's nest, enrich one- food into mouth of (cannot f. himself); graze
self ; TXR&f.) form ; f.-like covering or adorn- (cattle); gratify (vanity Sec, also eyes Sec), com-
ment for; float, move, or wave, like ff.; turn fort (person) with hope &c; take food, eat, (at
(oar), turn oar, so as to pass through the air the high table well, high, Sec; often/, on, con-
;

edgeways; (Shoot.) knock fF. from (bird) with- sume) serve as food for nourish, make grow,
; ;

out killing ; (Hunt. ; of hound) make quivering (/. up, fatten, also satiate) keep (reservoir, ;

&
motion of body tail while seeking scent. [OE fire, &c.) supplied supply (machine) with ma-
;

gefithrian f. prec] terial use (land) as pasture (often /. down,

;

feathering, n. In vbl senses; esp.: plumage; close); deal out (fodder) to animals; supply
feathers of arrow ; feathery structure in ani- (material) (in)to machine (of cattle) eat, eat ;

mal's coat; (Arch.) cusps in tracery; feather-
like marking in flower, [-ing 2 ]
feature (fetsher), n., v.t. (Usu. pi.) part(s)
of the face, esp. with regard to shape visible
down, (pasture); feeding-bottle, for hand-fed in-
fants. [OEfe'dan cf. OHG fuotan, & see food]
& feed 2, n. Act of feeding, giving of food, (two
& biscuits at one f. out at/., turned out to graze
;

effect; distinctive or characteristic part of a ozone's/., with no appetite; on the f. of fish,

thing, part that arrests attention. ( Vb) stand feeding or looking out for food) pasturage, ;

as distinctive mark upon portray, sketch the ; green crops horse's allowance of oats &c fod-
; ;

prominent points of. Hence -featuPED fea*- 2, der (colloq.) meal, feast; feeding of machine,
;

tUPGLESS, aa. [f. OF faiture f. L factura (fa- material supplied, charge of gun /-tank, ;

cere fact- make, -ure)] -tro ugh, holding water for locomotive, [f. prec]
fg'bpifuge, n. Medicine to reduce fever, feed 3 . See fee.
cooling drink. Hence febPi'fugAL a. [f. F fee'dep, n. In vbl senses esp.: large, quick, ;

febrifuge (hfebris fever, fitga re drive away)] gross, &c

/., one who eats much &c; child's
fe'bpile, a. Of fever, feverish. [F, f. hfebri- feeding-bottle; tributary stream (also fig.);
lis (prec, -il] (Rounders &c ) player who tosses ball to striker;
Fe'bpuapy, n. Second month of year (F. fill- hopper or feeding apparatus in machine, [-er j ]
name referring to its rain & snow), [f. L
dike, feeding-, a. In vbl senses also,/, storm, one ;

Februarius (februa purification)] that constantly increases, [-ing 2]

fe'citf fecer"unt, (abbr. fee), v.
3rd pers. (So-&-so) made
with artist's signature). [L,perf.of/aceremake]
fe'ckless, a. Feeble, futile, inefficient. Hence
fe'eklessLY 2 adv., fe'cklessxESS n. [So. feck
perh. for effect + -less]
sing. pi. & fee-faw-fum, int. & n. Ogreish exclama-
this picture &c. (used tion ; (n.) nonsense fit only to terrify child, [in
Jack the Giant-Killer]
feel, v.t. & i. (felt), & n. Explore by touch
(/. the pulse o/, lit., & fig. = cautiously ascertain
sentiments of /.one's way, grope it out, pro-
;

fe'eulent, a. Turbid, fetid. So fe'eulEXCE ceed carefully) search (about) with hand a/ter,
;

n. JF (fe-) f. L faeculentus (faeces, -ulent)] /or try to ascertain by touch whether, if, hoiv ;
;

fe'eund, a. Prolific, fertile fertilizing. So ; (Mil.) reconnoitre (ground, enemy); perceive by

fepu'ndiTY n. [f. Yfecond f. Jjfecundus] touch [/ a hard substance, heat, pain, a blow
fe*eundate,v.t. Make fruitful ; impregnate. I /elt him, move, moving, that he was cold; /
Hence feeundA"TiONn. [L FECUNDare, -ate 3] one's legs, realize one's power of walking, also
fed. See feed K fig., be at ease) ; have sensation of touch be ;

fe'deral, a. (Theol.) based on doctrine of Co- conscious of (sensation, emotion, conviction)

venants; (Pol.) of the polity in which several be consciously (/. well, warm, angry /. quite ;

States form a unity but remain independent in oneself, be fit, self-possessed, &c; /. wtoxoork
internal affairs, concerning this whole & not the Sic; / like doing, have inclination to do) ex- ;

separate parts; (U.S. Hist.) favouring central perience, undergo, (he shall /. my vengeance ;

government, of Northern party in Civil War. felt the stor7n severely), be affected by, behave
Hence fe*depaliSM(3), fe*depaliST(2), nn., as if conscious of, (ship feels her helm) be emo- ;

fe*depalrzE(3) v.t. federaliz a tio nt n. fed*- tionally affected by, have sympathy with or
, ,

epalLY 2 adv. [f. F federal (L foedus -eris compassion for, (/. the censure keenly) have ;

covenant, cogn. w. fides faith, + -al)] vague or emotional conviction (that) (quasi- ;

fe'depate, v.t. & i. Band together (t, & i.) pass.) be realized as, seem, produce impression
in league for some common object organize of being, (air /eels chilly; feels like velvet). (N.)
;

(t. & i. of States) on a federal basis. So fe*- sense of touch (firm to the/) testingby touch ;

dePATE (-at), fe'dePATivE, aa,, fe'depa- sensation characterizing something, [com.-

2
tiveLY 2 adv. [Iifoederare (prec), -ate 3 ] OE Man, cf. G /uhlen, f. Aryan pal- WG ;

federa'tion, n. Federating, whence fedep- whence Gk palame, L palma, palm of hand]

a'tioniST(2) n. federated society, esp. federal
; fee'lep, n. In vbl senses esp. organ in cer- ; :

empire or group of States imperial/, [f. F tain animals for testing things by touch or
;

fe'de'ration f. nfoederationem (prec, -ation)] searching for food (Mil.) scout tentative pro- ; ;

fee, n., & v.t. (feed). Fief, feudal benefice, posal or hint, ballon d'essai, [-er !]
(hist.); inherited estate (f. -simple, without limi- fee'ling" J , n. In vbl senses; esp.: sense of
tation to particular class of heirs f.-tail, with touch physical sensation emotion (often 0/
; ; ;

such limitation hold in f. -simple or/., have as hope, fear, &c); (pi.) susceptibilities, sympa-
;

absolute property); sum payable to public officer thies, (hurts my ff., offends me) readiness to ;

for performing his function remuneration of feel, tenderness for others' sufferings, (good/,
;

lawyer, physician, or any professional man (re- avoidance of unkindness &c); consciousness
 ;; = ;;

FEELING 299 FEMININE

of (had a f. of safety), conviction not based privileged to dine at fellows' table) elected ;

solely on reason sentiment (the general f. was graduate holding stipend for certain years on
;

against it) (Psychol. differently used by vari- condition of research member of governing
; ; ;

ous writers) state of consciousness, sensation body in some Universities member of various ;

or desire or emotion (notperception or thought), learned Societies; man, boy, (poor ff, my
element of pleasure orpain in any mental state, dear or good f. old f. af, sometimes one, I, , ;

intuitive belief (Art) general emotional effect as a f. can't xcork all day long the /., con-
; ;

produced, [-ing l ] temptuously) (in comb, with nn. ; /. or /.-) be- ;

feeling 2? a. In vbl senses esp. sensitive longing to same class (/. -creature, person or
1

; :

sympathetic showing emotion heart-felt (af. animal also created by God), associated in joint
; ;

pleasure). Hence fee'lingL Y 2 adv. [-ing 2] action (/. soldier), in same relation to same ob-
feet. See foot. ject (/. citizen, whence fellow-ei'tizensHip
feign (fan), v.t. & i. Invent (excuse, story, ac- n. ; f.-countryman). [OE fiolaga (fee, lay)
cusation), forge (document), representin fiction, one who lays down money in partnership]
imagine, (archaic) simulate, pretend, (/. that; fellowship, n. Participation, sharing, com-
one is mad, oneself mad, madness) practise munity of interest; companionship, intercourse, ;

simulation, [f. OF feindre f. L fingere] friendliness (often good f.) body of associates, ;

feint 1 (fa-), n., & v.i. Sham attack (blow, cut, company, (right hand off, sign of admission)
thrust, or military assault) to divert attention guild, corporation brotherhood, fraternity ;
;

or deceive opponent; pretence (make a f. of dignity or income of college fellow, [-ship]

doing) (vb) make f. (at, upon, against), [f. F
; felly. See felloe.
feinte n. (feindre feign)] fe'lo de se* (dl), n. (pi. felones, felos). Self-
feint , a. & adv. F. lines, ruled /.,= faint
2 1 murderer, (no pi.) self-murder. [Anglo-L, = .

fold spelling often kept in this use] felon about himself]

fe*l(d)spar, n. Kinds of crystalline white or fe'lon 1 , a. (poet.), & n. Cruel, wicked, mur-
flesh-red mineral. So fel(d)spa*thic a. [f. G derous; (n.)onewhohas committed felony. [OF,
feldspat(h) f. feld field, spat(h) spar spelling f. LL fellonem nom. -o perh. f. L fel gall] ;

fels-, commoner but incorrect, due to false fe'lon 2, n. Small abscess esp. under or near
deriv. f. G fels rock] nail, whitlow, [perh. as prec]
fe*lieide,n. Cat-killing. [f.L/e7escat + -CTDE] felo'nious, a. Criminal (Law) of, involving, ;

feliei'fie, a. (eth.). Tending to happiness, [f. felony; who has committed felony. Hence
L felicificus (felix happy, -fic)] felo'niousLY 2 adv. [felony + ous]
feli'eitate, v.t. Make happy (rare) con- ; fe*lonpy,n. The class or body of felons, [-ry]
gratulate (usu. on), whence (usu. pi.) feliei- fe'lony, n. Crime of kind legally graver than
tA'TiON n. [f. L felicitare (felix happy), -ate 3 ] misdemeanour, [f. Ffelonie (felon, -y )] 1

feli'citous, a. Blissful (rare) (of expression, ; felspar. See feldspar.

quotation, civilities, or person in these con- fe'lstone (-on), n. Compact felspar occurring
nexions) strikingly apt, pleasantly ingenious. in amorphous rock masses, [f. G felsstein (fels
Hence feli'eitousLY 2 adv. [foil., -ous] rock, stein stone)]
feli'eity, n. Being happy, intense happiness felt 1 , n., v.t. &
i. &
Kind of cloth riiade by
a blessing ; fortunate trait happy faculty in ex- ; &
rolling pressing wool with lees or size (attrib.) ;

f>ression, appropriateness well chosen phrase, ; made of this (esp. /. hat) ; hence fe'ltv 2 a. ( Vb)
f. OF felicity f. Lfelicitatem (felix happy, -tv)] make into f., mat together ; become matted ;

fe'lid, n. One of the Felidae or cat-tribe, [f. cover with f. [cf. Du. vilt, G filz]
Jjfeles cat, -id 3
] felt 2 . See feel.
fe'line, a. & n. Of cats; catlike (/. ameni- fe'lterie, n. A horse-disease. [?]
ties,veiled spite, women's innocent-seeming felu'eea, n. Small Mediterranean coasting
thrusts), whence felrniTY n. ; (n.) = prec. [f. vessel with oars or lateen sails or both. [It.,
L felinus (prec, -ine j
)] perh. f. Arab.]
fell ] , n. Animal's hide or skin with the hair fe'male, a. & n. Of the offspring-bearing sex
(also transf. of human skin) ; thick or matted (/.child, slave, dog) (of plants or their parts) ;

hair or wool, fleece, (/. of hair, unkempt hair fruit-bearing, having pistil no stamens, (also &
of head). [com.-Teut., cf. G fell, cogn. w. Gk used of some plants by mere metaphor sug-
pella, L pellis ; also w. film] gested by their colour &c, as /. fern, bamboo,
fell 2, n. Mountain (in names, as Sea F.); myrtle) of women (/. sex, education, suffrage,
;

stretch of N.-English moorland, [f. fiall ON weakness) of inferior vigour &c (/. sapphire,
;

perh. cogn. w. G fels rock] pale variety) (in instruments &c.) fitted to re-
;

fell 3 , a. (poet.). Fierce, ruthless, terrible, de-
structive, [f. OF fel f. pop.L/eZfo felon]
fell 4, v.t., &
n. Strike (person, animal) down
by blow or cut ; cut down (tree ; n., amount of
timber cut) ; stitch down (projection of seam),
[causative of fall 1 , cf G fallen]
fell 5 . See fall 1 . (legal). (Covert) married woman; (sole) spinster,
fe'llah, n. (pi. fellaheen, fellahs). Egyptian
peasant. [Arab.]
fe'lloe, fe'lly, (usu. spelt -oe pronounced -1),
ceive corresponding male part (/. screw, as in
nuts). (N.) f. person (the law is harsh to allff.)
or animal ; (vulg.) woman, girl, (a young f.
has called). [ME & OF femelle n. f. 'Lfemella
dim. of femina woman, w. assim. to male]
. feme eo'vert (fern ku), feme sole, nn.
widow, or married woman entirely independent
of her husband as regards property. [AF (soul)]
& femina'lity, n. Female nature female pe- ;

n. Outer circle (or one piece of it) of wheel, at- culiarity woman's knick-knack &c. [obs./e?n-
;

tached by spokes. [OE felg, cf G felge] . inal f. + -ity]

OFj(L femina woman, -al)
fe'llow, n. One associated with another, femine'ity, n. Womanliness womanish- ;

comrade, (usu. in pi., as separated from his ff.; ness. [f. _L femineus (femina woman) + -ity]
good /., boon companion hail 3 -/. -well-met /.- fe'minine, a. Of female sex (rare) of women
; ; ;

feeling, sympathy) counterpart, match, other womanly (Gram. having the gender proper to
;
; )

of pair, equal, one of same class, contemporary, women's names (Pros.)/, rhyme, of two sylla- ;
(stone dead hath nof, no keeper of secrets like bles, the second being unstressed (orig. in F
a dead man shall never find hisf. passed all verse, of words ending in mute -e),f. ending, of
; ;
his ff.) co-opted graduate incorporated mem- line with last accent on penult,/, caesura, not
;

ber of college (/. commoner, undergraduate immediately following stress. Hence fe'mi- I
 ; ;; :

FEMINITY 300 FERRIC

nineLY 2 fe'minineNESS, femini'ni- or of trust, trustee invested with such estate,
adv.,
tv, nn. OF feminin
f. Lfemininus (femina
[f. [f. AF feoffe p.p. f. OF fieffer (fee), see -ee]

woman, -ine )] 1 feo'ffment (fef), n. Particular mode of con-

femrnity, n. = femininity (prec). [f. OF veying freehold estate, [as prec, -ment]
fetniniU (L femina woman, -ity)] feo'ifop, -ep, (fef-), n. One who makes feoff-
'
feminize, v.t.&i. Make or become feminine. ment to another, [as feoffee, -or 2 ]

Hence feminizATiON n. [f. L as prec. + -ize] fep'ae natup'ae, a. (pred. or placed after
femme de chambre (F), n. Lady's maid noun). Not domesticated, living in a wild
animals f.
;

chambermaid. state, (hares are, the hare is, f. n. ;

femup, n. (pi. -s, femora). Thigh-bone ; cor- ».)._[L,=of a wild nature]

responding part of insect. So femoPAL a. [L] fep'al, a. Wild, untamed, uncultivated
fen K n. Low marshy or flooded tract of land brutal, [f. hfera wild beast + -al]
(the ff., low-lying districts in Cambs. &c. ; /.- fe'petopy, n. Shrine for saint's relics, tomb ;

berry, cranberry; will-o'-the-wisp; /.-f.-fire, bier chapel in which shrines were deposited.
;

man, inhabitant of ff. f.-pole, for use in jump- ;

[ME/ertre f. hferetrum f. Gk pheretron (phero
ing ditches; f. -reeve, officer in charge of f. bear), w. assim. to -ory]
lands ; f. -runners, kind of skates. Hence fen- fep'ial, a. (eccl.). (Of day) ordinary, not ap-
nr 2 a. [cf. Du. ven, Gfenne] pointed for festival or fast (/. service See., for
fen 2 fens. See fain 2
, . use on f. day), [f. F ferial I. liferialis (feria
fence n. Art of fencing, use
1
, of the sword, holiday + -al)]
{master of /., skilled swordsman, often fig. = fep'ine, a. = feral, [f. hferinus (fera wild
good debater) ; (archaic) bulwark ; hedge, wall, beast, -ine 1
)]
railing, &c, keeping out intruders from field Fepi'nghee (-inggi), n. (Indian term for)
&c. (sunk /., placed along bottom of ditch ; sit European, esp. Indian-born Portuguese, [cor-
on the /., remain neutral in contest, not take frank ]
rupt, of 1

sides; come Sec. clown on right side off., join fep'ment \ n. Leaven, f ermenting-agent
winner put horse at f.) guard, guide, gauge,
; ;
fermenting, fermentation agitation, excite- ;

in various machines receiver, receiving-house, ; ment, tumult. [F, f. Lifermentum (fervere boil,
of stolen goods f. -month, -season, -time, close
;
-ment)]
time for game or fish, [for defence] ferment 2 , v.i. & t. Suffer, subject to, fer-
fence 2 , v.i. &
Practise sword-play, use the
t. mentation ; (make) effervesce ; excite, stir up,
sword scientifically, (/. with question or ques- foment. Hence fepme'nt able a. [f. F.fer-,
tioner, parry, evade answering) screen, shield, ; menter ~Lfermentare (prec)]
f.

protect, (from, against) repel, keep off or out ; ;

fermenta'tion, n. Process like that in-
surround (as) with f., enclose, fortify, (fenced duced by leaven in dough, with effervescence,
cities in O.T. often about, in, round, up) (of
; ; heat,& change of properties agitation, excite- ;

horse) leap ff. ; deal in stolen goods. Hence ment. Hence fepme'ntATiVE a. [f. lifermen-
fe'neER 1 ^ [f. prec] tatio (prec, -ation)]
fe'neeless, a. Unenclosed; group of vascular
(poet.) unforti- fern, n. One of a large
fied, defenceless, cryptogamous plants with feathery fronds (also
[fence l + -less]
feneible, n. (hist.). Soldier liable only for collect., go through heath &f.) 2f.-owl, Night- ;

defensive service at home, [for defensible] jar. Hence fep'nLESS, fep'nv aa., fep'n- ,

fencing", n. In vbl senses also railing ery(3) n. [OE fearn cf. G fam cogn. w. Skr.
; : ;

fences material for fences

; f. -cully, -ken, parna wing, feather, leaf]
;

storer, store, of stolen goods, [-ing ] ] fepo'eious, a. Fierce, savage, cruel. Hence
fend, v.t. & i. Ward off, keep away, repel fepO'eiousLY 2 adv. [f. liferox -ocis + -ous]
from provide for (usu. oneself), [for defend] fepo'city, n. Ferocious character or act. [f.
;
'
fe'nder, n. Thing used to keep something FfdrociU f. L ferocitatem (prec, -ty)]
off, prevent collision, &c, guard, esp. metal -fepous, suf. (in actual use -iferous, see -i-)
frame for fire to keep coals from rolling into forming adjj., f. L -fer -producing (ferre bear)
room f. -stool, long footstool before f. Hence +-OUS in adjj. taken direct or thr. F -fere f. L,
;
;

fe'ndePLEss a. [-er 1 ] as auriferous, & now a living suf., esp. in Nat.

fenestella, n. (archit.). Niche in wall S. of Hist.,= -bearing, -having.
altar holding piscina & often credence. [L, dim. fe'pox, n. Great lake trout. [L name Salmo
of fenestra window] ferox fierce salmon]
fenestrate, a. (bot,, zool.). With small feppate, n. A salt of ferric acid. [f. L/e?*-
window-like perforations, [f, L fenestrate rum iron + -ate 1 (3)]
(prec), -ate 2 ] fe'PPeous, a. Of, containing, iron. [f. L/er-
fenestration, n. (Arch.) arrangement of reus (prec.) + -ous]
windows in a building (Bot. & Zool.) being feppet 1 , n. Half-tamed variety of pole-cat
;

fenestrate, [prec, -ation] kept for driving rabbits from burrows, killing
Fenian, n. & a. One of a league among the rats,&c searcher. detective. Hencefeppetv 2 ;

Irish in U.S. for promoting revolution & over- a. [f. OF furet dim. olfuron f. LL furonem
throwing English government in Ireland nom. -o robber (L/«r)]
hence Fe*nianiSM(3) n. (Adj.)ofFf. or Fenian- feppet 2 , v. i. & t. Hunt with ff. (go ferreting) ;

ism, [f. Olr. fene name of ancient Irish people clear out (holes, ground), take or drive away
confused w.fiann guard of legendary kings] (rabbits &c), with ff. (about, away, out, &c)
fenks, n. pi. Fibrous parts of whale's blubber, rummage, search about, (for) search out ;

refuse of blubber when melted. I?] (secrets, criminals, &c). [f. prec]
Se'nnei, n. Yellow-flowered fragrant um- fe'ppet 3 , n. Stout cotton or silk tape. [f. It.
belliferous herb used in sauces. [OEjinugli. fioretti floss-silk pi. of fioretto dim. olfiore f. L
L faeniculum (faenum hay, -cule)] jlos -oris flower]
fenugreek, n. Leguminous plant with fePPi-, comb, form used to indicate presence
seeds used in farriery, [f. L faenugraecum of iron in the ferric state (cf. ferro-). [f. L
faenum hay, Graecus Greek)]
( ferrum iron]
feoff. See fief. fe'PPiage (ej), n. Conveyance by, charge
feoffee* (fef-), n. Person to whom freehold for using, ferry, [-age]
estate in land is conveyed by a feoffment /. in fe'PPic, a. Of iron (Chem.) containing iron
; ;
 2 ;;

FERRIFEROUS 301 FEVER

in its highest combining-power (cf. ferrous). (person or thing YAU^-fetched ;f. carry, run ; &
[as ferri- + -ic] backwards & forwards with things, be a ser-
ferri'fepous, n. Iron-yielding, [as prec. + vant) cause to come, draw forth, (blood, tears ; ;

-FEROUS] f.up, vomit) bring in, realize, sell for, (a price); ;

feppo-, comb, form of L ferritin iron, as move the feelingsof, delight( whence fe'tehiNG-
ferro-calcite (Chem.) containing iron in the a.) or irritate heave (sigh), draw (breath) deal
; ; ;

ferrous state (cf. ferri-). (blow usu. with ind. obj., /. him a box on the ;

feppo-mag-ne'tie, a. Magnetic as opp. to ears) /. a compass 1 f. up, come to a stand. ; ;

diamagnetic [prec] (N.) far-reaching effort (archaic) dodge, trick. ;

fe'ppotype, n. Positive photograph taken [OE fecc(e)an perh. var. of fetian etym. dub.
on thin iron plate this process, [ferro-,
; type] whence obs. fet in same sense]
fe'ppous, a. (chem.). Containing iron as a fetch 2, n. Person's wraith or double. [?]
divalent (cf. ferric), [as ferro- + -ous] fete (fat), n., & v.t. Festival, great entertain-
feppu'ginous (-00-), a. Of, containing, iron- ment, (f.-day, appointed for f.j; day of saint
rust or iron as a chemical constituent rust- after whom child is named, observed in R.-C. ;

coloured, reddish-brown, [f. L feri'ugo -ginis countries like birthday (vb) entertain, make ;

rust {ferritin iron) + -ous] much of, (person), [f. F fete(r) feast]
fe'ppule, -pel, n. Metal ring or cap fete-champetre (F), n. Outdoor f£te.
strengthening end of stick or tube band fe'tial (-shl), a. &n. (Rom. ant.). F. law, of
;

strengthening or forming joint. Hence fe*p- declarations of war treaties of peace (n.) & ;

puI^D 2 a. [earlier verrel f. OF virelle f. med.L one of Roman college of priests who served as
virola f. L viriola dim. of viriae bracelets, heralds, [f. hfetialis etym. dub.]
altered as though dim. of L ferritin iron] f e'tid, foe-, a. Stinking. Hence fe'tidLY 2
fe'ppy, v.t. & i. n. , &
Convey or pass in boat, ad v., fe'tidNESS n. [f. Itfetidus (fctere stink) |

&
work (boat), (of boat) pass to fro, over river, fe'tish, -ch(e), (-sh), n. Inanimate object
canal, or strait. (N.) Place, provision, for ferry- worshipped by savages for its magical powers
ing (Law) right of ferrying & levying toll for or as being inhabited by a spirit principle &c.
; ;

it f.-boat ferryman f. -bridge, large f.-boat irrationally reverenced. Hence or cogn. fet-
; ; ;

transporting railway train entire, [n. f. vb, OE ishEER fe'tishER 1 fe*tishisM(3), fe'tish- -
, ,

ferian cogn. w. fare] ist(2), nn., fetishi'stic a. [f. Ffttichef. Port.

fep'tile (-A, -II), a. Bearing abundantly, fruit- feitico charm = factitious]
ful, (lit. & fig. /. of, in). ;
So feptl'liTY n. [f. fe'^loek, n. Part of horse's leg where tuft of
OF fertil f. ~Lfertilis (ferre bear)] hair grows behind pastern-joint (f.-deep, so as
fep'tilize, v.t. Make fertile or productive to cover ft". ). [MFfytlok cf Gjiszloch etym. dub. [ .

(esp. soil); (Bot. &c.) fecundate (individual, fe'top, n. Stench. [L, see fetid, -or l ]
organ). Hence fep'tilizABLE a., fertilizA - fe'ttep, n., v.t. Shackle for the feet bond, & ;

tion, fep'tilizERMl, 2), nn. [-ize] (pi.) captivity check, restraint fetterlock, ; ;

fe'pula, fe'pule, nn. (Bot.) giant fennel (heraldic representation of) D-shaped fetter for
(-ula) flat ruler with widened pierced end for tethering horse by leg (vb) bind (as) with ff.,
; ;

punishing boys, whence fe'pule v.t. [L (-a)] impede, restrain. Hence fe'ttePLESS a. [OE
feP'vent, a. Hot, glowing ardent, intense, feter cf. Gfesser f. OTeut./e£-cogn. w. fot foot;
;

(/'. soul, lover, hatred), so fep'VENC v n. Hence also w. L pedica, Gk pede, fetter]
fep* ventLY 2 adv. [F, f. Lfervere boil, -ent] fe'ttle, n. Condition, trim, (in goodf. &c).
fep'vid, a. = prec. (poet, in first sense). [f. dial, vb fettle put right cf. OFfetel bond]
Hence fep*vidLY adv. [f. ljfervidus (prec.)] fetus. See foetus.
r

fep'voup, n. Glowing condition, intense fe'twa, n. Decision given by Moslem judicial

heat; vehemence, passion, zeal. [f. OF fervor authority. [Arab.]
f. lifervorem nom. -or (fervent, -or )]
1
feu, n. (Sc). Perpetual lease at fixed rent;
Fe'seennine, a. F. verses, scurrilous lam- piece of land so held. [var. of fee]
poons, [f. L Fescenninus {Fescennia town in feud 1 , n. Lasting mutual hostility (be at f.
Etruria, -ine 1 )] with), esp. (often deadly f) between two tribes,
fe'seue, n. Small stick, teacher's pointer families, &c, with murderous assaults in re-
kinds of grass, [f. OF festu f. Lfestuca] venge for previous injury. [ME & OF fede f.
fesse (fes), n. (herald.). Two horizontal lines fehida -OFfxhthu enmity cogn. w. foe] OHG ;

as bar across middle of field. [OF, f. fascia] feud 2, n. Fief, feudal benefice territory held ;

fe'stal, a. Of a feast keeping holiday gay. in fee. [f. med.L as fee]

; ;

Hence fe'stalL y 2 ad v. [OF (feast, -al)] feu'dal, a. Of a feud or fief /. system, me- ;

fe'step, v.i. t., n. & &

(Of wound or sore) dieval Eluropean polity based on relation of
generate matter, ulcerate (of poison, disease, vassal & superior arising from holding of lands
;

grief) cause suppuration, rankle putrefy, rot in feud of, resembling, according to, this sys-
;
;

cause festering in (n.) festering condition, [f. tem. Hence feu'dalLY 2 adv., feu*daliSM(3),
;

obs. n. fester f. OF festre f. L fistula] feu*daliST(2), nn., feudali'stic a.,feu*dal-

fe'stival, a. (not pred.), n. &
Festal day, ize(3) v.t., feudalizA'TiON n. [f. med.L feu-
celebration, merry-making periodic musical dalis (prec, -al)] ;

performance(s) (adj.) of a feast(-day).

;
[adj. feudality, n. Feudal system or prin-
use earlier; OF, f. med.L festivalis (foil., -al)] ciples; feudal holding, fief. [f. F feudal ite

festive, a. Of a feast joyous fond of (prec,-TY)]

; ;

feasting, jovial. Hence fe'stiveLY 2 adv. [f. feu'datopy, a. & n. Feudally subject to, un-
L festimts (festum feast, -ive)] der overlordship (n.) feudal vassal, [f. med.L
•
;

festi'vity, n. Gaiety, rejoicing festive cele- feudare enfeoff (feud 2 ), -ory] ;

bration, (pi.) festive proceedings, [f. OF festi- feu de Jo/e (F), n. Gun-firing on occasion of
vity f. Lifestivitatem (prec, -ty)] public rejoicing.
festoo'n, n. & v. t. Chain of flowers or leaves,
, feuilleton (F), n. Ruled-off portion at foot of
or ribbons &c, hung in curve between two (esp. French) newspapers, devoted to fiction,
points (vb) adorn (as) with,
; form into, fF. criticism, light literature, &c. [F, = leaflet]
Hence festoo*nERY(5) n. [f. Ffeston f. It. fes- fe'vep, n., v.t. Morbid condition with high &
tone perh. f.festa feast + -oon] temperature & excessive change & destruction
fetch 1 , v.t. i., & n. Go for & &
bring back of tissues any of a group of diseases so charao- ;
 : ;;

FEVERFEW an FIDIBUS
terized.each with distinctive name, as $ca?'let. various langg., are usu. of international cur-
typhoid. f: nervous excitement, agitation /.- ; rency, as acidijic. morbific.
heat, high temperature of body in f. f.-trap, : -fication, suf. (in actual use -ification, see -I-)
place that collect* f. -germs (vb) throw into f. ;
repr. L -fication- (com. -tio). which formed nn.
:for f. Efebris] of action f. vv. in -ficarc -FT. E adopted many
fe'verfe w. n. A herb formerly used in medi- pairs of words, n. ft vb. f. L thr. F or of F for-
cine. [OE feft rfugc i. Lfebrifugia (prec./u- I mation, &spurify. purification hence -fication ;

gare drive away)] has become the recognized meansof forming nn.
'fe'verish. a. Having symptoms of fever; corresp. to vv. in -Jy exc. when these repr. L vv.
bed, fitful, i -: -
-- s)infested by in -fa-cere (see -factioxi: as a rule the formation
fever. Hence fe'verishLV -adv.. fe*verish- is based only on possible L types exceptions ;

NK8S n. [-ISH :
]
are b:autif. Fr<inchif.. transmogrif.
fe* venous, a, Ex -: less; infested with f iee'Ue, a. String<-oloured. IF. = string]
or apt to cause fever, [-oos] f i'ehu (-shoo), n. Woman's small triangular
few, a, 5: n. opp. to many, a Not many [f. is shawl of lace &c. for shoulders .Sc neck. [F]
f. to none, only af.=f: a man off. mortis frekde, a. Inconstant, changeable. Hence
spoke af. words /. have- such at a f. ; ByfclesKas a [OB jGeoi cf. bejician deceive]
of his friends were there a /. know the truth.: : fi'ctlle, a. Made of earth or clay by potter;
a faithful f. remained visitors are fJ: sc : of pottery, [f. Efictilis (jingcre net- fashion, -IL)]
no great number thef. the minority, the t fi'etion, n. Feigning.in vention thing feigned
; ;

tat a /.. many; (colloq.) a goodf. a fair or imagined, invented statement or narrative;
number <o/l every f. days x nee in every literature consisting of such narra:
; ..

group of a f. days - /.. very much, be- novels, whence fvetioniSTio* n.; convention-
: - i

a doubt. Hence fevv.VES.sn. [com.-Teut.; ally accepted falsehood

_ :I f). Hence -

cf. OHG fao cogn. w. L paucus ic fi^etionaL a. [F. f. Lnctionem <prec, -iox>]
:

paullus. Gk pauros. In the use with a (cf. fieti'tious <-sh?/s'. a. Counterfeit, not genu-
hundred ice. \f. forms with the n. a collective. ine (of name or character) assumed. imagin- ; ;

r is followed by pL vb] ary, unreal of. in, novels regarded as what it ; ;

fey :.. S fated to die. at point of death: lied by legal or conventional fiction. Hence
disordered in mind often with over-confidence fieti*tious:-Y - adv.. fieti*tiousxi:?s n, [f. L
•erson about to
<

ily]
die. [conx-Teut.: OE ncticius <prec.l —ous]
fi'etive, a. Creating, created, by imagination.
fez, Turkish cap. a "tasselled dull-red trun-
n. [F<-.;~. -
see fictiox. -:ve]
rh. f. i-Y-. town] fid, n. (N'aut.) conical wooden pia used in
fiance, -ee I ,n. One's betrothed, (-e) male, splicing : square wooden or iron bar for sup-
. . porting topmast. Small thick piece or wedge
ria'sco. Failure or break-down (orig. in
n. of anything. [/]
dramatic Sc, performance ignominious result. I. frddle, n.. int.. & v.L ic t. <Fam. or contempt,
[1:..= bottle -- ;e doubtful)] for) violin (ft as a /.. in good condition &
fi'at X -'.. A :;orization ; de- spirits ; hang up one's f. when one comes home,
ft r-arely vb). [L. = be it done] be witty abroad Sc dull at home play frst, :

fib :.. ft "".•;, i ell) trivial or venial lie. Hence

'-.
. 1. f. take leading, subordinate, position
,

li'bbzp. fi'bsTER.. nn. [perh. f. obs. jihle-fable

:
. face as long as a /.. dismal) (Xaut.) contriv- ;

nonsense. redupL of fable] ance for stopping things from rolling off table
fib-, ::.. ft v.t. blow (vb, strike, hit about! a /.-BOW1 ; f.-case. for holding t nddkdedee, :

in pugilism ice. [?] int. & n., nonsense ;f.-faddle, (n.) trivial mat-
frbre -her), n. Thread-like filament forming idler, (adj.) petty, fussy, (int.) nonsense,
with others animal x; vegetable tissue or textile (v.L) fuss, trifle; f.-head, carving at ship's
substance snbsl —ting of ff.; fibrous
; bows ; /. pattern, of spoons &z forks with f.-
structure structure, grain, character, {man of
; shaped heads; nddlestiek. (n.) = f.-bow, (also
coarse f.) substance that can be spun, woven,
; jidd! 7
mere nothing, nonsense (also
i

orfed: drootortwig. Her.e - fPbPED2 . as int.). (Int. = fiddlestick. (Vb) play the f.,
)

fi'bpei^~s. fi'briFORM. frbpors. aa.. fi*b- play (tune &zc. on f. ; be idle or frivolous, make
)

pously - adv,. fi'bPousxEss n.. fibro- comb, aimless movements, (about, at, with, <Scc.) frit- ;

form. JF. f. L fibra etym. dub] ter away. [ME fithele, cf. MDu. vedel, G fiedel,
fi'bpil. n. Small fibre subdivision of fibre ; etym. dub. there ismecLL ritula, whence viol]
;

ultimate subdivision of root. Hence fibprl- fi'ddlep, n. Player on fiddle, esp. for hire
1ar<ti. fibpi'llATE -. -ated. fibprlliFORM. kind of small crab. [OEfUhelere (prec, -ER 1 )]
fi'bpill'SE-. aa.. fibpiUATioxn. [also nbrilla fiddley (fTdl-I). n. mant). Iron framework
mod. L dim. of prec] round opening of stokehold. [?]
frbpin. n. C : -.-.gulable lymph found in animal A'ddling", a In vbl senses esp. petty, futile, ; ,

ft vegetable matter. Hence frbpino- comb, contemptible, inconsiderable. [-ixg-J

form, frbpin us a. [fibre — -ix] fide'lity, n. Faithfulness, loyalty, (to): strict
fi'bpoid, a. *: n. Of fibrous structure or ap- conformity to truth or fact, exact correspon-
pearance <n.t f. uterine tumour. r-oro]
; dence to the original, [f. F lid-elite f, L jidelita-
frbpoin, n. Chemical substance of which silk tem (fidelis faithful f. fides faith, -tvi]"
ft Bobweb mainly consist, [fibp.o ix] frdget 1 (-J-), n. 1. Bodily uneasiness seeking
fibpo'ma. pL -tau Fibrous tumour, [mod. relief in spasmodic movements (often the jf.\ ;

L wbbk, x b£ bain ha)] restless mood. 2. One who fidgets or c.

:

fi'bula. (nL -ae. -o>i. Snlint bone on outer others to act of bustling &zc. rustle of dress
:.. :

side of leg. Hence fi'bulAR a. [L.= brooch fee. Hence fi'dgetr-^a.. fi'dgetixEss n. -
-
fix)] [sense 1 f.obs. Jidge to twitch, cf. ficken G ;

-fie, boC fin actual use aee -i-i repr. L -fi- sense 2 f. folL]
cus t. weakened root of fac-e re make, do, forin- frdget 2, v.i. t. &
Move restlessly (often
- adjj. f. nn. as pacifcus peace-making, f. about) be uneasy, worry make uncomfort-
; ;

adjj. as tnagnificus, f. vv. as horrificus, Szf. the able, worry, (person), [f. prec]
adw. male, bene. adopted many adjj. of E L f i'dibus, n. Paper spill for lighting candles,
this type thr. later formations, arising in F & ; pipes, &c. [?J
 . ;; 1;;
;

FIDUCIAL 303 FIGHT

fidu-cial, a. (butt., —tiOU.. &c). -F. Hne, fiery Consisting of, flaming with,
(firl), a.
<of arrows fee.) fire-bearing
point, ice. one assumed as fixed ba-is of com- fire ; looking like ;

parison, [f. L fiduciali* (fiduciu tnx-t, -ad] fire, blazing-red (of eyes; flashing, ardent hot ;

ka
;

fidirciary -ha Of trustor tr<.

i i, a. as fire; acting like fire, inflaming, (/. caate
(ship) held or given in trast (of paper cur-
; ; fee,); eager, pugnacious, spirited, irritable: (of
rency) depending for its value on public confi- horse) mettlesome; (of gas, mine, 6:0 inflam-
dence or securities (n.) trustee, [f. LJUfucia- ;
mable, liable to explosions /. cross 1. Heru-e ;

riui (prec, -ARV )J ] fier'iLV 2 adv., fler*i.sf>;s n. [fire i -ri] +

fi'dus Acha'tes (-k-), n. Devoted foil fife, n., & v.L & t. Kind of small shrill flute
henchman. IL, = faithful A., follower of used with drum in military music =fifer. Vb) ; <

Aeneas In Aeneid] play the f. play (air &c.) on the f. hence tVlER
; ;

fie ifil, int. expr. sense of outraged propriety, n. [f. O pfeife PIPE, or f. F fifre fife(r) f. OHO
USU. iron, or to children (often f. upon you!) pfijo.ri piper p/l/an to pipe)] 1

(f. OF f. L H excL of disgust a*, -tench] fi*fe-rail, n. (naut.). Kail round mainmast
fief ifef;, feoff ifef ), n, = FEUD 8. with belaying-pins. [perh. f. prec. because fifer
fle*-fie, a. Improper, scandalous, [kil] sat onit while anchor was weighing]
field, n., cc v.L &: t. Piece of) ground, esp. one < fiftee'n kUso fi -», a. & n. One more than four- -

tor pasture or tillage, & usu. bounded by teen. 15, XV; (Rugby football) side of LSplayei •-.

hedges &c. ; tract abounding En Some natural £/>.<; /'., Jacobite rising of 17lo. Hence fif-
product id.io.mond, cool, &.<:., -f.) ground on ;
;

teernTH 2 a. & n. [OF fi/tene, 4{fnet (five,

which battle is fought (often battle-j. also fig., ; •JKK.V)]
left his rival in pc of the f.; fair 2 /.
j

I
fifth, a. &
n. Xext after fourth (#jn#e *//"/<: r
<£• no favour ftoW £/«e /., not be superseded)
; */^ /. rib, kill ; /. foAeel 0/ coach Sec, something
sceneof campaign C/i thef., campaigning; ta&e, superfluous); /. part, one of five equal parts
keep, begin, continue, campaign) ; battle
^/i« /., into which thing is or might be divided. (N.)=
(hard-fought, stricken, /,) ground for playing ;
f. part (Mus.) interval of three tones 6c a
;
-

set, football, &c. players, partakers, in sord of two tones so geparated; <pl.)
:

outdoor contest or sport all competitors or all ;

,
f.-rate material; /. -monarchy, last of the five
pt the favourite <a .700c/, /., many ft _ great empire- (ifon. ii. 41; f-m.-mo.n, 17th-c.
competitors) ; (Cricket) side not batting, one of zealot expecting immediate second corning of
Christ & repudiating all other government).
j

side (see also long 1 /.); large stretch, ex-

panse, of -
&c, also fig. <£Ae . [OF Atfa (still //* in dial].) cogn. w. G funfte,
whole/, oj lo.-d.ory\; (Herald.) .surface of es- Ok '[jc.in.jjt.o-, L quin.">t :';, -th on anal, of
cutcheon or of one of its division ground work -.
; FOURTH Bee -JH-)
of picture, coin, flag, tee. area or sphere of ; fi'fthlv, ad v. In the fifth place (in enumera-
operation Don, Sec. (eoeft supreme to tions). [-J-V-J
hlioomf. jQZed £Ae/. 0/ f7/.e telescope wide/.
; ; fi'fty, a. n. & Five times ten, .%, L, If.-ont,
of vision; outside fjte magnetic f, not near <. dx'c. /.-first, -third, &c); large indefi-
;

epough to be attracted) (attrib. in nan. ; nite number (fcroe things to teu you) hence /*.
;

animals 6:0 found in the open country (/.- & fi'ftyi-OLL. a. <5c adv., frftiETH a. n. (X.)
mumtte, f.-ash) f.-aU.ou:o.nce, to officer on cam-
;
set of f. persons or things (hid them by ff. in a
paign to meet increased expenditure f. -artil- core ?/«e fT.. rears between 90 & in life or ; ; M
lery, -battery -gun or -piece, light & mobile for century). (OF fijtig cf. O f&n/zig (five, -tv 2 )]
,

use on campaign & in battle /.-cornet, magis- fig- n. (Broad -leaved tree, USU. /.-tree, bear*
;
1
,

trate of town-hip in Cape Colony ice; f.-doy. jft pear-shaped many-seeded fruit eaten
(Mil.i manoeu v ring- exercise or review, (fig.) fresh <grt.znjf.) ordried (esp. Turkey or Smyrna
great occasion, important debate f.-dre #. nulled ff., superior hand-picked Turkey ff.) ;
;

appliances for wound in battle f.-gUus\ bin- under ones vine f.-tree, tale at home; any-;
&
ocular telescope for outdoor use, one of the thing valueless (don't core a f. /or also a f.
Gnomical telescope or co pound for !, as excl.); f.-ho.f, device for concealing m — ;

microscope /.-hospital, ambulance, temporary what is indecorous (O'en. iii. 7) ;f.-v;ort, brown-
;

.tal near battlefield F.-mo.r^ho.l, general flowered herb. [f. F fj.gue f. pop. L ^fctt f. Lficus]
;

officer of highest rank; f. -night, = f.-doy (fig, fig 2 n. Dress, equipment, tin full f); condi- ,

sense) ;/. -officer, above captain <5c belo w general tion, form, "><. good J.), [prob. f. foil.]
f, -preacher, -ing, in open air fieldsman, fielder fig', v.t. /'. Mrf or t</; (horse), make lively /.
; ;

at cricket; /.-Sports, outdoor, esp. hunting, O'y.i (person), dress up, bedizen. [=obs. feague
•.ing, fishing; /.-telegraph, movable for perh. f. (} feyn furbish]
use on campaign; f.-v:ork, temporary fortifica- fight^fit), \jr. fawt). Contend
v.i. & t.( fought,
tion hence ne*ldwARD<8) adv. (Vb) act as
;
in battle or single {against, vsith /or, combat ;

fieldsman in cricket, base-ball, or rounders ;

on behalf of person or to secure thing) main- ;

stop i<5c return) bfcril hence fie'ldhK ! n. [corru- ; tain (cause, suit at law, quarrel) by fighting,
\VO OE &: G /e&fj
:
contend over (question), win one's v;ay by
fieldfare, n. - of thrush visiting fighting; contend with in battle or duel, or
Britain in autumn. [ME /clde/art perh. =field- with the fists seton (cocks, dogs) to £ (fighting-
;

goer (fark 2)] cock 1 ); manoeuvre (troops, ship) in battle;/.

fiend fend I f, n. Tlie devil ; evil spirit, demon ;
o^T. repel with effort /. (dispute &c, or ft) ouf, ;

person of superhuman wickedness, esp. cruelty settle by fighting: /. */iy 0/, keep aloof from
(often jocular, a- the interviewer-/.). Hence (person, undertaking, &c). Hence flghtER 1
fleTidi.SH 1 a.,fle , ndlshLY 2 adv.,fie , ndish- n. [com. -WO OF Jeohtan, cf. 6 ftchtcn] ;

fie'nduKi: a. [conx-Teut. OE ftond

n., ; fight 2 , n. Act of fighting (give, make a,f.
cf. (j ftind enemy, f. OTeut. vb = hate, -nxj-J valiant in f.); battle; combat, esp. pugilistic
fierce (fer-i, a. Violent in hostility, angrily or unpremeditated, between two or more per-
combative; raging, vehement; ardent, c sons, animals, or parties (running f, kept trp
Hence fiep'eeny 2'adv., fier**eeNES3 n. [f. OF while one party flies ic one pursues ; xham-f.,
/ler« norn. of ^r (F = proudi f. L /ems savage] between troops for practice or display stand- ;

fi*epi fa*cias, n. (legal abbr. /?. /«.). ; ^S rit up /., open & formal); (fig.) strife, conflict;
to sheriff for executing judgment. [L, = see appetite or ability for fighting (hax f. in him
that (the sum) is madej yet 8hov;f., not yield tamely), [f. prec J
;
 ;
; ;;;:

FIGMENT 304 FILLET

fi'grment, n. Invented statement; thing filch (-tsh), v.t, SteaJ, pilfer. [?]
that has no existence except in imagination, file l ,n., & v.t. Instrument usu. of steel with
[f. Lfigmentum {Jig- see figure *, -ment)] roughened surface(s) for reducing or smoothing
fi-gurant masc, -ante fern., (or as F), objects (bite, gnaw, /'., attempt vain task)
figura'nt& (pi. -ti, pr. -te), nn. Ballet-dancer. (slang) artful person, dodger, (usu. old, deep,
[F (first two forms) & It, (third)] &c.,/.), person. (Vb) smooth, reduce surface of,
figupa'tion {also -ger-), n. Determination with f. elaboi'ate to perfection (esp. literary ;

to a certain form the resulting form shape, work) ;/. away (roughnesses &c), remove with
; ;

outline allegorical representation ornamen- f. [OE ftol cf. Du. vijl, Gfeile)
; ;

tation by designs (Mus.) use of florid counter-; file 2 n., & v.t. Stiff pointed wire on which ,

point. [F, f. L 1igurationem{FiGVKE.'2 -ation)] documents &c. are run for keeping kinds of , ;

fi'gupative (-ger-, -gur-), a. Emblematic, appliance for holding papers arranged for refer-
typical pictorial or plastic metaphorical, not ence set of papers so kept, esp. in court of law
;
; ;

literal metaphorically so called abounding

; ; referring to a cause ; series of issues of a news-

in, addicted to, figures of speech. Hence paper in order (vb) place (papers) on f. or
;

fi'g-urativeLY 2 adv., fi*g"UPativeNESS n. among public records, [t Fjili. hfilum thread]

[F {-if, -ive), f. LL figurativus (as prec, -ative)] file 3, n., & v.i. & t. (Mil.) a front-rank man
fi'gfupe x {-ger), n. External form, shape & the man or men straight behind him (inf.,
(Geom.) superficial space enclosed by line(s), or marching with the men of a double line faced
three-dimensional space enclosed by surface(s), towards one of its ends; single, Indian, /.,
any of the classes of these, as triangle, sphere similar formation of single line rank 1 f. ; ; ; &
bodily shape {has a well-developed f.) a person af. of men, two told off for some purpose) row ; ;

as seen {saw a f. leaning against the door ; /. of persons or things one behind another; (Chess)
offun, grotesque person) a person as contem- line of squares from player to player (cf. rank 1
; ).

plated mentally (the most terrible f. in our his- (Vb) march in f. ; /. off, away, go off by ff. ;

tory) conspicuous appearance (make or cut a (trans.) order (soldiers) to move off by ff. [F (L
;

brilliant, poor, f., produce such impression filare vb f. filum thread)] ;

person of f., distinguished) image, likeness fi'lemot, a. & n. Dead-leaf colour(ed), brown-
; ;

representation of human form, statue, person ish yellow. Tf. F feuille morte dead leaf]
in picture emblem, type, simile diagram,
; fl'lial, a. Of, due from, son or daughter.
;

illustrative drawing, (abbr. for ref., fig.) horo- Hence fi'lialLY 2 adv. [f. LL filialis (L filius, ;

scope decorative pattern evolution in danc- -a,_son, daughter, -al)]

; ;

ing, division of set dance (Skating) movement, fj'liate, v.t, (Rare for) affiliate.
;

series of movements, beginning & ending at f llia'tion, n. Being some one's child descent ;

centre numerical
; symbol, esp. one of the ten (from) formation of offshoots, branch of a ;

in Arabic notation (double ff., number between society or language genealogical relation or ;

9 & 100; income of five ff., between £10,000 & arrangement. [F, f. med.L filiationem (filiare
£100,000 reach three ff., in cricket, get century
; give birth to f. L filius son, -ation)]
got it at a low, high, f., cheap, dear; (Rhet.; fi'libeg", n. (Sc). Kilt. [f. Gael, feileadh -be aa
also/, of speech) recognized form of abnormal little fold]
expression giving variety, force, &c, e.g. frlibustep, n., & v.i. One who engages in
aposiopesis, hyperbole, metaphor (Gram.) per- unauthorized warfare against foreign State ;
;

mitted deviation from rules of construction, vb) act as f. [ult. f. Du. vrijbuiter freebooter (

e.g. ellipse (Log.) particular form of syllogism affected by F fiibustier, Sp. filibustero, f. same]
;

according to position of middle term; (Mus.) fi'ligrpee, fila-, n. Ornamental work of fine
short succession of notes producing single im- gold or silver or copper wire formed into deli-
pression f. -dance, dance or dancing exhibi- cate tracery, fine metal openwork anything
; ;

tion with distinct divisions, f.-dancer, per- delicate, light, showy, frail. Hence fi'li- &
former in this f.-head, carving, usu. bust or greED 2 a. [f. F filigrane f. It. filigrana (L
;

full-length f., over ship's cutwater, nominal filum thread, granum grain)]
leader or president without real authority, (joe.) fi'ling*, n. In vbl senses of file also, (usu. ' ;

person's face. Hence fi'gupeLESS a. [F, f. L pi.) particle(s) rubbed off by file, [-ing 1 ]
figura (fig- st. otfingere fashion, -ure)] fill, v.t. i., n. Make or become full {with : & &
n'g'upe 2, v.t. i. &
Represent in diagram or sails f, are distended with wind) stock abun- ;

picture picture mentally, imagine, (often to dantly occupy whole capacity or extent of,
; ;

oneself) be symbol of, represent typically

; spread over, pervade, (/. the bill, be the only
embellish with pattern (figured satin) mark conspicuous item, also in U.S., do all that is re- ;

with numbers or prices, do arithmetic, cipher quired, suffice) (of dentist) block up (hollow ;

(/. itp, reckon amount of) /. out, give result tooth, cavity) with gold &c, whence fi'lliNG l (i)
;

in ff. (figures out at £U5) make appearance, n. ; satisfy, satiate, (esp. in part., of kinds of
;

appear, (/. as, pass for, assume character of), be food) ;hold (position), discharge duties of (office)
conspicuous, [f. prec] occupy (vacant time) appoint holder of (vacant ;

figupi'ne (-gure'n, -gere'n), n. Statuette. post) adulterate (esp. cotton fabrics usu. in ; ;

[F, f. It. fig urina dim. ol figura FIGURE 1 ] p.p.) /. in, complete (outline), add what is ;

frlament, n. Slender thread-like body, fibre, wanted to complete (unfinished document,

(esp. in animal or vegetable structure) non- blank cheque, &c.);/. oid, enlarge, become en- ;

fusible conductor in incandescent electric lamp, larged, to the proper limit /. up, f. completely, ;

raised to incandescence by current (of air, supply vacant parts or places or deficiencies in.
;

light, &c.) imaginary portion of stream, row of do away with (pond &c.) by filling, grow full
particles following each other; (Bot.) part of FEBRUARY/.-dtae; hence fi'llER^l, 2) n. (X.)
stamen that supports anther. Hence fila- full supply of drink or food (drink, have, &c,
me'ntARY 1 fi'lamentED 2 filamentous, one's /. also with intr. vbs as fret her f.)
, , ; ;

aa. [f. LL filare spin f. Lifilum thread, -ment] enough to f. something (af. of tobacco). [OE
fi'latupe (-tsher), n. (Establishment for) fyllan cf. G fallen, cogn. w. full 1 ]
reeling silk from cocoons. [F, as prec, -ure] title (F), n. F. de chambre, chambermaid
fl'lbept, n. (Nut of) cultivated hazel, [short /. dejoie, prostitute. [F, = daughter]
for/.-nttt=dial. F noix de filbert, ripe about St fi'llet, n., v.t. Head-band, ribbon, string, &
JPhUibert's day (Aug. 22)] or narrow band, for binding the hair or worn
 ;; ;

FILLIP 305 PINE

round head band, bandage thin narrow act in opera close of drama &c. conclusion,
; ; ; ;

strip of anything; (pi.) animal's loins; fleshy final catastrophe. [It., as prec]
detachable piece of meat near loins or ribs, fina'lity, n. Principle of final cause viewed
undercut of sirloin one of the thick slices into as operative in theiiniverse being final belief
; ; ;

which a fish may be divided middle part of leg that something is final final act, state, or utter-
; ;

of veal boned, rolled, & tied up piece of beef, ance. [F (-te) f. LL finalitatem (final, -ty)|
;

fish, &c, similarly prepared; (Arch.) narrow fina'nee, n., & v.t. & i. (PI.) pecuniary re-
flat band separating two mouldings, small sources of sovereign, state, company, or person;
band between flutes of column ; (Herald.) hori- management of (esp. public) money, science of
zontal division of shield, quarter of chief 1 in revenue. (Vb) furnish with ff., find capital for
depth raised rim or ridge on any surface
; ; engage in financial operations. [OF (finer settle
(Book-bind.) plain line impressed on cover. debt f. fin end -ance)] ;

(Vb) bind (hair, person as to hair) with f. en- ; fina'ncial (-shl), a. Of revenue or money
circle with ornamental band divide (fish) into ; matters (/. year, annual period for which pub-
ff. [f. F filet f. Lfilum thread + -et i] lic accounts are made up). Hence fina'ncial -
fi'llip, n. & v. t. & i. Sudden release of finger
, ly 2 adv. [prec. + -ial]
or thumb when it has been bent & checked by fina'neier J (-si-), n. One skilled in levying &
thumb or finger slight smart stroke thus given
; managing public money; capitalist. [F (fi-
stimulus, incentive mere trifle {not worth a/.). ; nance, -ier)]
(Vb) propel (coin, marble, &c.) with a f. stimu- ; financier* 2 (-ser), v.i. & t. Conduct financial
late (/. orue's memory or tints) strike slightly & ; operations (usu. contempt.); (U.S.) cheat, swin-
smartly make a f. [prob. imit., cf. flip]
; dle, (/. money away ; /. one oirt oj ). [f. prec]
fi'llistep, n. Rabbeting-plane for window- finch, n. Kinds of small bird (usu. with dis-
sashes &c. I?] tinctive epithet or prefix, as?noMn£am/.,BULL 1 -
fi'lly, n. Female foal (cf. colt) ; young lively fX [OF fined. Gfink]
girl. [perh. ON Jylja cogn. w. foal]
f. find, v.t, (found), & n. Come across, fall in
film, n., & v.t, & Thin skin, plate, coating,
i. with, light upon, (was found dead we f. St ;

or layer (Photog. coating of collodion, gelatin,

; ) John saying administer the law as youf. it
; ;
&c, spread on photographic paper or plate, or found a treasure) obtain, receive, (/. favour, ;

used instead of plate dimness over eyes slight ; ; mercy, one's account 2 in /. one's feet, get the ;

veil of haze &c; fine thread or filament hence ; use of them, develop one's powers) ; recognize
fi'lm Y fi'lmiLY 2 ad v. fi'lmiNESS n. Vb)
2 a. , , ( as present, acknowledge or discover to be so-&-
cover, become covered, (as) with f [OE ftlmen . so, (//. no sense in it,f. the terms reasonable ;
membrane OFris. filmene skin,
cf. fell l ] & how do youf. yourself?) discover by trial to ;

fi'loselle, n. Floss silk. [F, f. It. filosello be or do or (that) or to (has been found wanting;
perh. f. pop. L *follicellus cocoon, dim. of Lfol- finds rest agreeable isjound to pay Ifind it ; ;

lis bag, influenced by It. Jilo thread] pays, pay, or to pay, or that it pays /. it im-
fi/s (fes), n. The son, junior, (appended to possible, necessary, to ) discoAr er by search — ;
;

name to distinguish between father son of & discover (game), discover game, in hunting /. ;
same names, cf. pere). [F] oneselj, discover one's vocation succeed in ob- ;

fi'ltep, n. v.t. i. , &

Contrivance for freeing & taining (money, bail, sureties can't f. time to
liquids from suspended impurities, esp. by pass- read found courage to
; could f. it in my — ;
;

ing them through stratum of sand, charcoal, heart to —

am inclined /. expression, place,
, ;

&c; tank or pond with false bottom

f.-bed, vent) come home to, reach the conscience of
;
;

covered with sand &c. for filtering large quan- ascertain by study or calculation or inquiry (/.
tities. (Vb) pass (liquid), flow, through f.; (of one's way to, contrive to reach, arrive at); (Law)
f.) purify (liquid) make way through, into, &c,; determine & declare (it, i.e. the offence, murder;
percolate; obtain by filtering, [vb f. n., f. OF person gxiilty &c. that find true bill 4 ),
; — ;

filtre f. med.L filtrum f. Teut. st. whence felt l whence ndiNG (2) n.; supply, provide, fur-
, 1
fi
(earliest filter being of felt)] nish, (they found him in clothes; hotel does not
filth, n. Loathsome dirt ; vileness, pollution, f. tea; all found, with all necessaries provided,
obscenity; foul language. Hence fi'lthY 2 a. of servants' wages ; /. oneself, provide for one's
{filthy lucre, dishonourable gain, also facet., own needs) ;f.out, discover, devise, solve, detect
money), fi'lthiLY 2 adv., fi'lthiNESS n. [OE in offence ; hence fi'ndABLE a, (N.) finding of
fylth (FOUL 1 -TH 1 )] , fox discovery of treasure, minerals, &c. sure
; ;

fi'ltrate 1 , n. Filtered liquor, [filter v., /., place where something (esp. fox) is sure to be
-ate 1 (2)] found. [com.-Teut.; OEfindan cf. Du. vindcn,
fi'ltrate 2 v.t. & i. = filter v. So filtPA*-
, Gfinden perh. cogn. w. L petere seek]
;

tion n. [f. mod. hfiltrare (as prec, -ate 3 )] fi'ndep, n. In vbl senses ; esp.: small telescope
fi*mbriate(d), aa. (bot,, zool.). Fringed, bor- attached to large one to find object; contrivance
dered with hairs &c. [f. L fimbria fringe + for same purpose in microscope in photo- &
-ate 2 ] graphic camera, [-er 2 ]
fin, n. Organ for propelling & steering attach- fin ete siecle (F), a. Characteristic of end of
ed to fish & cetaceans at various parts of body nineteenth century, advanced, modern.
(anal, caudal, dorsal, pectoral, ventral, &c.) fineVn., & v.i. & t, End (now only in inf.,
(slang) hand (tip us your f., shake hands). Hence to sum up, finally, in short); sum of money paid
(-)finnED 2 fi'nLESS, aa. [OE finn, cf. MDu.
, by in-coming tenant in consideration of small
vinne, &
L pinna] rent sum of money fixed as penalty for offence.
;

fi'nal, a. & n. At the end, coming last, ulti- (Vb) pay consideration for privilege or appoint-
mate putting an end to doubt, conclusive, de-
; ment punish by a f., whence fi'nABLE a. [ME
;

finite ve,unalterable; concerned with the purpose
or end aimed at (/. cause l f. clause in Gram.,
introduced by in order that, lest, &c.) hence
fi'nalLY 2 adv. (N.) last or deciding heat or
game in athletics (sing, or pi.) last of a series ;
of examinations. [F, f. 1j finalis (finis end, -al)]
& OF fin settlement of dispute f. L finis end]
; fine 2, a., n., adv., & v.t. &i. Of high quality;
; clear, pure, refined, (of gold or silver) containing
specified proportion of pure metal, as gold 22
carats f, silver 11 oz. /.; delicate, subtle, ex-
quisitely fashioned, (of feelings) elevated of ;

fina'le (-ahli), n. (Mus.) last movement of in- slender thread, in small particles, thin (/. pen-
strumental composition, piece of music closing cil, of hard lead for making f. lines) sharp (/. ;
 ;;; ;; -

FINERY 306 FIRE

pen, narrow-pointed), (Athlet.) reduced to per- [-iNG^n. [com.-Teut, OE, OFris., Sw., Da., ;

fect condition capable of delicate perception finger perh. cogn. w. five]

;
;

or discrimination, perceptible only with diffi- fi'ng-eping' 2, n. (for fingering i see prec).
culty (a f. distinction) excellent, of striking Wool for stockings, [earlier fingram, -im, &c,
;

merit, good, satisfactory, fortunate, of good perh. f. ¥ fin grain fine grain, cf. grogram]
effect, (hadf. sport; has been af. thingfor him; fi'nial, n. (archit.). Ornament finishing off
often iron., as a f. friend you have been!); well apex of roof, pediment, gable, tower-corner,
conceived or expressed of handsome appear- canopy, &c. [var. of final];

ance or size, dignified, (/. potatoes a man off. fi'nical, a. Over-nice, precise, fastidious
;

presence) bright, cloudless, free from rain, (/. too much finished in details. Hence fi'nieal-
;

weather onef. day, once upon a time one of ly 2 adv., fi'nicalNESS, finiea'liTY, nn. [perh.
; ;

these f. days, some day, in prophecies) ornate, f. fine 2 or var. of foil.] ; ,

showy, smart fastidious, dainty, affecting re-

; frnieking\ fi'nikin, a. = prec. [etym. dub.
finement, (of speech or writing) affectedly or- cf. MDu. fijnkens accurately, neatly]
nate complimentary, euphemistic, (say f.
; frnis, n. (no pi.). (At end of book) the end;
things about person, call things by f. names) end of anything, esp. of life. [L]
f. arts, those appealing to sense of beauty, as fi'nish, v.t. & i., & n. Bring to an end, come
poetry, music, & esp. painting, sculpture, archi- to the end of (often/, doing ;/. off, provide with
tecture ; f.-draw, sew together (two pieces of an ending), complete consume, get through, ;

cloth, rent, garment) so that the join is im- the whole or remainder of (food, book) ; kill,
perceptible f.-drawn, subtle, extremely thin, dispatch, overcome completely perfect, put
;\ ;
(Athlet.) trained down in weight ;/. gentleman, final or finishing touches to, (finished manners,
lady, person of fashion, person who thinks him- gentleman; also with off, up); complete educa,-
self above working f.-spun, delicate, flimsy, tion of; (intr.) reach the end, cease, leave off;
;

(of theories &c.) excessively subtle, unpractical; end in something or by doing. (N.) last scage,
hence f I'nisH *(2) a., fl'neLv adv., frnexEss termination, esp. of a fox-hunt (be in at the /.,
2
n. (N.) f. weather (inrain orf.). (Adv.) finely often fig.) fight to af., till one party is com- ;

(talkf.). ( Vb) make (beer) clear (often doicn) pletely worsted what serves to give complete- ;

(of liquid) become clear; /. away, down, off, ness accomplished or completed state, [f. OF ;

make or become finer, thinner, less coarse, fenir f. ~Lfinire (finis end), -ish 2 ]
(make) dwindle, taper, [f. F fin f. Rom. fino fl'nishep, n. In vbl senses esp. workman or ;

prob. back-formation f. finito FiNiSHed] machine doing last operation in manufacture ;

fi'nery \ n. Smartness, stylishness (rare) discomfiting thing, crushing blow, &c. [-er *]
showy dress or decoration, [prec. adj., -ery] frnlte, a. Bounded, limited, not infinite;
f i'nepy , n. Hearth where cast iron is made (Gram.) limited by number and person, not
2
malleable or steel made from pig-iron. [F (-ie) infinitive. Hence fi'niteNESS n. [f. hfinitus
f. finer' refine f. Rom. finare (L/tm\send), -ery] p.p. oifinire finish]
fine'sse, n., & v.i. & t. Delicate manipula- Fin(n), n. One of N. -Eastern European peo-
tion, subtle discrimination artfulness, cunning ple who call themselves Suom i. [OE Finnas
;

strategy ; (Whist) attempt to take trick by in- pi., etym. dub.]

ferior card, with higher one in reserve. ( Vb) use fi'nnan, n. (Also f. -haddock) haddock cured
f. ; wheedle into, trick away, manage by f. with smoke of green wood, turf, or peat. [perh.
(Whist) make a f., play (card) by way of f. [F f river Findhorn]
.

(Rom. fino fine 2, -ess 2 )] fi'nnep, n. Kinds of whale, esp. rorqual,

fi'nger (-ngg-), n., & v.t. One of five terminal having dorsal fin. [-er 1 ]
members of hand (thumb, & index, middle, ring, Fi'nnic, a. Of the group of peoples allied to
& little, ff.), or four excluding thumb (usu. now the Finns Finnish, [-icj ;

numbered thus, but cf. fourth f, i.e. ring f., in Fi'nnish, a. & n. (Language) of the Finns ;
marriage service), (donebythef., i. e. agency, of Finnic, [-ish 1
]
God more wit in his little f. tha n in your whole
; fi'nny, a. Having fins ; like a fin ; of, teeming
body; lay, put, af. upon, touch however slight- with, fish. [FIN + -Y 2 ]
ly lay, put, one's/, on ailing part or cause of
; fiopd, fjopd, (fyord), n. Long narrow arm of
evil, point with precision to look through one's ; sea between high cliffs as in Norway. [Norw.]
ff. at, pretend not to see; stir a /., make the fI'OPin, n. Kind of grass, [f. Ir. fiorthdn]
least effort turn or twist person round one's
; fip, n. (Also f.-tree) kinds of coniferous tree
{little) f, cajole him my ff. itch, I long, am im- ; (Scotch, Silver, Spruce, F.); their wood* /.-
patient, to do his ff. are all thumbs, he is
; apple, -ball, -cone, fruit of f. ;/. -needle, its leaf.
clumsy with a wetf., with ease burn 2 one's
; ; Hence Sp*py 2 a. [cf. Da. fyr, G fohre, prob.
ff. have a f. in the pie, take part in a matter
; cogn. w. L quercus oak]
let slip through one's ff., lose hold of have at ; fire !, n. Active principle operative in com-
one's f.-tips ovf.-ends, be versed in, know fami- bustion, flame, incandescence, (setf. to, kindle
liarly ; to the f. -nails, completely) ; part of glove strike f., elicit sparks by friction or blow ; no
that holds f. ; f.-like object, esp. such part of a smoke icithout /., always some ground for
fruit &c, &
in various machines ; f. -alphabet, rumour) state of combustion (onf., burning,
;

-language, conventional signs for talking with fig. excited set onf., ignite, excite set Thames
; ;

the deaf ; f.-bowl, -glass, for rinsing ff. after onf., do something remarkable ; catch, take,f.,
dessert ;f.-fern, kind of spleen wort ;f.-fish, star- be ignited) burning fuel in grate, furnace, &c.
;

fish f. -plate, fastened on door to prevent f.

; (heap coals off. burnt child dreads thef. out ; ;

marks; f.-post, giving directions at parting of of FRYing-pan intof.; fat is in thef.), whence
roads ; f. -print, impression of person's ff, used fip*iNG 1 (3) n. conflagration, destructive burn-
;

for identifying criminals &c. ; f. -stall, cover of ing, (lire !, call for aid at a f. pour oil onf., add ;
leather or rubber to protect f. in dissections &c. to excitement while deprecating it go through
or when wounded; hence fi'ng'ePLESS, (-)fi'n-
g-ePED 2 , aa. (Vb) touch with, turn about in,
f. &
water, face all perils) ; Greekf., combustible
;

composition for igniting enemy's ships &c. ; lu-

the ff. take (bribes &c. ) ; play upon (instrument)
; minosity, glow, (St Elmo's f., corposant) burn- ;

with the ff, play (passage) with ff. used in par- ing heat, fever, (St Anthony's /., erysipelas);
ticular way, mark (music) with signs showing vehement emotion, fervour, spirit, lively imagi-
which ff. are to be used, whence fi'ng'ering" 1 nation, vivacity, poetic inspiration firing of ;
 ;; ;

FIRK 307 PISH

guns (open, cease, /.; running /., successive established, immutable steadfast, unflinching,
;

shots from line of troops &c, esp. fig. of criti- resolute; constant to; (Commerc, of prices,
cism, objections, &c. ; between tico ff., shot at goods) maintaining their level or value ; hence
from two directions; line off., path of bullet fip'mLY 2 adv., fip'mNESS n. (Adv.) firmly
about to be shot under f, being shot at ; hang, ; (stand f, holdf. to). (Vb) solidify (t. i.), com- &
MISS-,/.) ;/. -alarm, automatic arrangement for pact, (soil after planting &c, cheese); fix firmly
giving notice of f. ;f.-arm (usu. pi.), rifle, gun, (plants in soil), [f. OF ferme f. hfirmus]
pistol, &c. fircback, Sumatran pheasant /.-
; ; fip'mament, n. Vault of heaven with its
ball, large meteor, globular lightning, (Mil.) clouds & stars. Hence firmame'ntAL a. [f. L
ball filled with combustibles ; f.-balloon, made firmamentum (firmare as prec, -mext)]
buoyant by heat of combustible burning at its fip'man, n. Oriental sovereign's edict, grant,
mouth ; f.-bird, kind of bee-eater ; f. -blast, licence, passport, Pers. ferman]
[f.
disease of plants; f. -blight, disease of hops; fipst, a., n., & adv. Earliest in time or order
f.-box, fuel-chamber of steam-boiler f.-brand, ; (at f. sight, view, or blush, prima facie; F.
piece of burning wood, person or thing kindling cause ; come inf. win race sh all do itf. thing
1
, ;

strife ; f. -brick, proof against f., used in grates colloq., before anything else ; in thef. place, to
&c. ; f. -brigade, organized body of firemen begin with; thef. two &c, lit., or = the f. &
f. -cross, = fiery cross x f.-damp, miner's name
; second &c ; often further denned, as thef. man
for hydrogen, explosive when
carburetted youmeet, teas thef. to do it) ; foremost in posi-
mixed in certain proportion with air; f.-dog, tion, rank, or importance (head Scc.f, with the
andiron f. -eater, juggler who eats fire, great
; head in f rout ; thef. men in the country ; F. Lord
fighter, duellist f. -engine, machine for throw- ; of the treasury); coming next after a specified
ing water to extinguish ft*. ;J'.-escape, apparatus or implied time (shall take the f. train ; the f.
for saving people in burning house; f.-eyed cuckoo); unsupported by others, sufficient by
(poet.), with glowing eyes; f. -flair, a fish, the itself, (obeyed at herf. word) ; f. aid, help given
sting-ray f.-fiy, winged insect emitting phos-
; to wounded man before doctor comes ; f.-born,
phorescent light f. -guard, wire frame or ; eldest (child) ; /.-chop 6 ; /. class, set of persons
grating to keep children, coals, from falling or things grouped together as better than others,
into f., room; f. -hose, hose-pipe
for extinguish- best accommodation in railway train &c, high-
ing f.-insurance, against losses by f. /.-
ft". ; ; est division in examination list, place in this
irons, tongs, poker, & shovel f. -light, light ; f.-class, (adj.) belonging to the f. class, of best
from f. -place f. -lighter, prepared kindling-
; quality, very good, (adv.) by the f. class (travels
fuel firelock, antiquated musket in which
; f.-c); f. coat, f. layer of paint ; /. cost, cost not
priming was ignited by sparks fireman, tender ; including profit ;f.-day, Sunday ;/. floor, above
of furnace or steam-engine f., man employed to ground-floor ; /. form, lowest class in schools
extinguish ff. ; f.-new (archaic), = brand-new; f. -fruit (usu. pi.), f. products of agriculture for
insuring against f. f.-pan, brazier ; /.-
/. office, ; the season esp. as offered to God, f. results of
place, grate or hearth for room-f. ;f.-plug (abbr. work Scc.f (Hist.) payment to some superior by
F.P.), connexion in water-main for f.-hose ; /.- new holder of office; f.-hand, direct, without
policy, f.-insurance office's certificate guaran- intermediate agency (at f. hand, directly) ; /.-
teeing compensation in case of f. ; f. -raising, night(er), (habitual frequenter of) f performance
.

arson ; f. -screen, to keep off heat of f. ; f.-ship, of play; f.-rate, of the highest class (the f.-r.
freighted with combustibles and sent adrift to Poxcers, great states of f.-rate importance), ex-
ignite enemy's ships &c. fireside, space round ; cellent, very well, (a f.-r. machine, feeling f.-r.).
f. -place, home life f. -stone, kind that resists f., ; (X.) thef, person or thing f. mentioned from ;

used for furnaces &c ;f.-teazer, stoker \f.-trap, thef., from the beginning; from f. to last,
building without proper exits in case of f. ; /.- throughout ; atfi, at the beginning ; = f. day of
xcater, ardent spirits firewood, wood prepared ; June &c; (Commerc.)/. of exchange, f. of set of
for fuel firexcork, kinds of apparatus giving
; bills of even tenor &
date ; place in f. class in
spectacular effects by use of combustibles &c, examination, person who takes this ; f. place in
squib, rocket, &c. f.-worship, treatment of f. ; race, winner of it; (pi.) best quality of flour,
as a deity. Hence Apcproof, fipe'LESS, aa. butter, &c. (Adv. ) before anyone or anything
fcom.-WG; OKfyrct Gfeuer; also Gk pur] else (often/, of all, f. &
foremost; f. come, f.
fipe 2, v.t. &
to with intention of de-
i. Set f. served; f. &last, taking one thing with another,
stroying ; kindle (explosives) ; (of explosives, on the whole /. or last, sooner or later) before ; ;

mines) catch f become heated or excited (/. up,

.
; some specified or implied event, time, &c. (must
show sudden anger) redden bake (pot- get this donef.) in preference, rather, (will see
; (t. & i.) ; ;

tery, bricks), cure (tea, tobacco) by artificial him damned f.) for the f. time (xchen did you ;

heat (Farriery) cauterize supply (furnace, see himfJ). [com.-Teut.; OE fyrst cf. Gfiirst
; ;

engine) with fuel cause (explosive, gun) to prince, superl. f. st. of for, cf. (with different
;

explode (often off',f. salute, discharge number superl. suf.) former]

of guns as salute ; /. broadside, discharge all fip'stling", n. (usu. pi.). First result of any-
guns on one side of ship), (abs.) shoot, discharge thing, first-fruits ; first offspring, first born of
gun &c, (fig.)/, away, begin, go ahead (of gun ; season, [-ling l ]
&c.) go off; propel (missile) from gun &c. (fig./. fip'stly, adv. In the first place, first, (only in
off a postcard, a remark) (U.S.) /. out or/., ; enumerating topics ; &
many writers still pre-
expel, dismiss, reject, (person), [f. prec] fer first). [-LY 2]
fip'ep, n. In vbl senses; esp., single Sec. -/., fipth, fpith, n. Arm
of sea ; estuary. [Sc.
gun that fires once &c. without reloading, [-er 1 ] wd prob. f. OX
= fiord]
fip'kin, n. Small cask for liquids, butter, fish, fisc, fisk, n. Treasury of ancient Rome,
&c. (as measure) half of kilderkin, [earlier fer-
; Roman emperor's privy-purse ; (rare) State trea-
dekyn prob. f. MDu. (vierde fourth, -kin)] sury, exchequer, [f. Lfiscus]'
fipm i, n. Partners carrying on business (long fl'scal, a. &
n. Of public revenue (n.) legal ;

/., set of swindlers who obtain goods & do not official in some foreign countries. Hence fi's-
P.ay). [earlier senses signature, style, f. Rom. calLY adv. [F, f. LLfiscalis (prec, -al)]
2
firma (hfirmare confirm) doublet of farm l ] ; fish 1 , n. (pi. often fish). (Pop.) animal living
firm 2, a., adv., & v.t. i. Of solid or compact & in the water, (strictly) vertebrate cold-blooded
structure fixed, stable steady, not shaking
; ; animal having gills throughout life & limbs (if
 ); :;;

FISH 308 FIX

any) modified into fins, {pretty kettle off., con- ing (writes a goodf; I know his f.). (Vb) strike
fusion, muddle ; /. out of water, person out of with f.; (Naut.) handle (sail, oar, &c). Hence
his element ; drunk, dull, mute, as af.; drink -fistED 2 a. [OE fyst cf. Gfaust)
like a J., excessively; feed theff., be drowned, fi'stic(al), aa. (jocular). Pugilistic, [-ical]
be sea-sick all's J. that comestohisnet, he takes
; fi'stieuffs, n. pi. Fighting with the fists.
all he can get there 's as goodf. in the sea as
; [fist + cuff cf. handiwork];

ever came out of it, no fear of scarcity flat, ; frstula, n. Long pipe-like ulcer with narrow
FLY Hng, GOLD, JELLY, SHELL 1 SUN, SWORD, , mouth natural pipe or spout in whales, in-
;

&c, -/.); person who is angled for (colloq.) per- ; sects, &c. Hence fi'stulAR 1 fvstulous, aa. ,

son of specified kind (cool, loose, queer, &c.,/.) [earlier fyctel, fistle, &c, f. fistula pipe, flute] L
the flesh of f. {f., flesh, &fowl neither /., flesh, ; fit 1 , fytte, n. (archaic). Section Of a poem.
nor good red herring, thing of indefinite charac- [OE fitt cf. OHG
fiza list of cloth]
ter other f. to fry, more important business to
; fit 2 , n. Paroxysm of periodic ailment, sudden
attend to) the F. or Ff., zodiac constellation;
; transitory attack of some illness sudden seiz- ;

f. -carver, knife for serving f.;/. -globe, for keep- ure, with loss of consciousness or convulsions,
ing gold-f. &c. in; J. -glue, isinglass ;f.-hook, used of hysteria, apoplexy, fainting, paralysis, or
for catching f., (Naut.) part of anchor-raising epilepsy (give one af., surprise or outrage him ;

tackle f. -kettle, oval pan for boiling f.;f.-knije,

; beat one into, give one, ff., defeat him easily)
of silver &c. for eating f.; f.-pond, in which f. sudden transitory state (a f. of energy, idle-
are kept, (joe.) the sea, f. -pot, wicker trap for ; ness, devotion, indifference, &c, whence fi't-
eels, lobsters, &c; f. -slice, carving-knife for f., ful a., fi'tfulLV 2 adv., fi'tfulNESS n. ; by ff.
cook's implement for turning or taking out f . (& starts), spasmodically) caprice, mood, (when ;

f. -sound, f.'s swimming-bladder ;f.-tail, shaped the f. ivas on him). [OKfltt, perh. =prec]
like f.'s tail (of jet of gas, whence /.-£. burner), fit 3 , a. Well adapted or suited (for some pur-
f.-tail wind in rifle shooting, one blowing down pose or to do or be survival of the fittest) ;

range & varying in direction f. -torpedo, tor- ; becoming, proper, right, (it is f. that see or
;

pedo shaped like f. & with automatic propul- think f. to, decide to) ; qualified, competent,
sion ;fishunfe, woman selling f. Hence fi'sh- worthy, to do (not f. to hold a candle to) in ;

let, fi'sh.MONGER, nn. [com.-Teut. OE fisc ; suitable condition, ready, to do or for angry, ;

cf G fisch, cogn. w. L piscis]

. troubled, or exhausted enough to (do some-
2
fish , v.i. t, &
Try to catch f. (/. in troubled thing violent, sink to the ground, &c.) ; in good
waters, make one's profit out of disturbances), athletic condition or health /. as a fiddle). (

whence fi*shERY(2, 3) n.; search./or something Hence fi'tLY 2 adv. [from 1440 etym. dub.] ;

in or under water seek by indirect means for ; fit 4 , v.t. i., & &
n. Be in harmony with, be-
(secrets, compliments, &c), whence fi'shiNG 2 come, befit be of right measure, shape,
; size &
a.; (rare) try to catch (f.) or get (coral &c.) from for (esp. of dress often abs., as the cap 1 fits) ;
;

below water; draw out of water, pocket, &c, fill up, exactly correspond to, (receptacle, fel-
draw out (Xaut.)/^ the anchor, draw flukes up
; low, &c, or abs. ; often in, into, in with), make
to gunwale try to catch f. in (pool &c; /. out,
; to do this make suitable, adapt, for, to with n.
;

exhaust the f. in), whence fi'shABLE a. get
(fact, opinion, secret) out fishing-rod, long
tapering usu. jointed rod to which fishing-line is
attached. [OE fiscian cf. G fischen see prec]
fish 3,n., &
v.t. (Naut.) piece of wood, convex
; or inf. ; make competent/or or to ; /. on, try on
; (garment); supply, furnish, (ship &c, rarely
person) with ; f. out, up, equip ; hence (-)fittER 1
& n. (N.) adaptation, adjustment, style in which
garment fits (« tight, bad, excellent, /.) f.-out. ;

& concave, used to strengthen mast &c. ; flat equipment, [from 16th c, prob. f. prec]
plate of iron, wood, &c, strengthening beam or fitch, n. (Brush made of) polecat's hair. [f.
joint (so f. -plate, one of two holding rails to- MDu. fisse polecat]
gether) (vb) mend or strengthen (spar &c),
; frtehew, n. Foumart, polecat. It OF fissel
join (rails), with f. [perh. = fish * or foil.] dim. of MDu. fisse (prec.)]
fish 4, n. Piece of ivory &c. used as counter fi'tment, n. Piece of furniture, [fit 4 -ment] ,

in games, [f. Ffiche in same sense, also = peg fi'tness, n. Being'fit moral worthiness pro- ;
;

(flcher fix perh. ult. f. Lflgere)] priety (the f. of things, what is right or appro-
fi'sher, n. Fisherman (archaic) ; fishing ani- priate), [-ness]
mal fisherman, man who lives by fishing, (rare)
; fi'tting11 , n. In vbl senses esp. (usu. pi.) fix- ; :

angler, fishing-boat. [OE fiscere (fish 1 -er 1 )]
fi'shy, a. Abounding in fish like fish's (/. eye,
dull, vacant-looking) ; smelling or tasting like
fish ; consisting of fish (af. repast) ; (slang) of
dubious character, questionable. Hence fi'sh-
iLY 2 adv., fi'shiNESS n. [-y 2]
fisk. See fisc.
fissi-, fisso-, comb, forms of L fssus see fis-
sure, as flssida'ctyl with digits divided, fissi'-
parous reproducing by fission.
, ture^), apparatus, furniture (Engin.) f.-shojJ, ;
; place where parts are put together, [-ing 1 ]
fi'tting' 2, a. In vbl senses; esp., becoming,
proper, right, whence fi'tting-LY 2 adv. [-ing 2 ]
five, a. & n. One more than four, 5, V, (twenty-
f.,f.-&-twenty /. o'clock How old are you ?
; ;
—
F.); the number
(twice f. is ten); set of f.
f.
things ; card, die, or domino with f. pips ; (also
fi'VER 1 n.) hit at cricket for f. runs, £5 note
bunch of ff., hand (pi.) gloves, shoes, &c, of
;

fi'ssile, a. Cleavable, tending to split. Hence fifth size; (pi.) the f.-per-cents; f. -finger exer-
fissrliTY n. [f. ~Lfissilis (fissure, -il)] cise, on piano forpractising all fingers ; f. -finger,
fi'ssion (-shn), n. (biol.). Division of cell &c. kinds of plant, also star-fish; f.-line(d) whip,
into new cells &c. as mode of reproduction. If. urgent summons to attend in House of Parlia-
Lfissio (foil., -ion)] ment (now disused) f. -o'clock tea, light after-;

fi'ssure (-sher), n., & v.t. & i. Cleft made bv noon meal fivepenny (also pr. fip-), costing,
;

splitting or separation of parts; (Bot., Anat.) rated at, 5d., (Guernsey &c.) half-franc ; f.-per-
narrow opening in organ &c, esp. depression cents, stock or shares paying 5 °/ Hence fi*ve- .

between convolutions of brain cleavage (vb) ; cf. G fiinf Gk ; fold a. & adv. [Aryan ; OE fif
split & (t. i.). [F, f. L
L quinque]
fissura (flnderc fiss-, pente,
cleave, -ure)] fives, n. Ball-game played with hands or bat
fist, n., & v.t.Clenched hand, esp. as used in in court with two, three, or four walls, [pi. of
boxing (f.-law, the right of the strongest) joe. five used as sing. significance unknown] ; ( ;

hand (give us yourf., shake hands), hand- writ- fix 1 , v.t. & i. Make firm or stable, fasten,
 ; ;;

FIX 309 FLAKE

secure, implant (principles, memory, &c), (in, sense sod, cf. Icel. flag spot whence sod has been
on, to, Sec.) ; direct steadily, set, (eyes, gaze, af- cut, & flake 2 ]
fection, attention) on or upon; (of object) at- flag- 3, n. (Also f. -feather) quill -feather of
tract & hold (attention, eyes, &c.) make (eyes, bird's wing. [perh. f. obs. flag drooping f. OF
;

features), or become, rigid ; deprive of, lose, flac f. L flaccus flabby]

volatility or fluidity, congeal (t. &
i.); make flag* 4 , n.,& v.t. Piece of bunting or other stuff,
(colour, photographic image) fast, whence fi'x- usu. oblong or square, attached by one edge to
&
er 1 (2) n. ; single out (person) with one's eyes staff or halyard used as standard, ensign, or
&c. place definitely or permanently, station, signal (black/., pirate's ensign.alsof. hoisted out-
;

establish take up one's position; settle one's side prison to announce execution of criminal
;

"choice, decide, (up)on\ assign precise position 2?7«cA;i<y.,irregular Chinese soldiers.orig. rebels,
of ; refer (thing, person) to definite place or in Tonquin ; white/., f. of truce, f. disclaiming
time; determine incidence of (liability &c); hostile intention ; yellow/., displayed by ship
settle, determine, specify, (price, date, place) with infectious disease on board, hospital ship,
arrest changes or development in (language, or ship in quarantine ;/. o/ truce, white, indicat-
literature) ; (U.S. ; often up) arrange, organize, ing desire to parley; dip 1 /. ; lower or strike
prepare, [ult. f. Lfixusi>.\\ of figere fix perh. one's /., take it down as salute or sign of sur-
;

thr. obs. fix a., or F fixer or med. L fixarc] render) ; (Naut.) f. carried by flagship as em-
fix 2, n. Dilemma, position hard to escape blem of admiral's rank afloat (hoist, strike,
from. [f. prec] one's /., assume, relinquish, command) tail of ;

fixa'tion, n. Fixing, being fixed process of setter or Newfoundland dog ; /.-boat,. serving
:

rendering solid, coagulation process of com- as mark in aquatic matches ; /.-captain, cap-
;

bining a gas with a solid, [f. med.L fixatio tain of flagship ; /.-lieutenant, admiral's A. D.C.;
(fixare see fix 1 -ation)] , /.-list, roll ol /.-officers, i. e. admirals, vice-admi-
fi'xative, a. &
n. Tending to fix; (n.) sub- rals, or rear-admirals flagman, signaller at
;

stance used to fix colours or drawings, [-ative] races &c. ; flagship, having admiral on board
fi'xature (-tsher), n. Gummy
preparation for flagstaff, pole on which f. is hung; f. -station,
fixing the hair, [as prec, -ure] where trains stop only if signalled f. -wagging
;

fixed, a. In vbl senses; esp.: /. idea, one (mil. slang), signalling; f. -leaver, agitator. (Vb)
tending to become a monomania ; /. acid or place f. on or over ; mark out with ff. ; inform
oil, one not evaporable without decomposition (person), communicate (information, that), by
/. point, where policeman is permanently sta- f.-signals. [perh. imit. of flapping sound ; in all
tioned ; /. star, one seeming to keep same rela- mod. Teut. langg., earliest in E (loth c.)]
tive position to others (opp. planet) ; /. capi- flag" 5 , v.i. Hang down, flap loosely; droop,
tal 2 ; /. property, land &
houses, [-ed ] ] fade, become limp ; lag, lose vigour, grow lan-
fi'xedly, adv. In fixed manner ; esp. (of look- guid ; fall off in interest, [perh. as flag 3 ]
ing) intently. [-LY 2 ] flag-e'llant (-j- ; also fla'j-), n. & a. (One)
fi'xedness, n. Fixed state, immobility, per- who scourges himself ; given to flogging, [f. L
manence, steadfastness, [-ness] flagellare (flagellum), -ant]
rVxings, n. pi. (U.S.). Apparatus, equipment; flagellate 1 , v.t. Scoui'ge. Hence or cogn.
trimming of dress or dish, adjuncts, [-ing ] l flag-ellATiox, fla-gellatoR2 nn., fla'g-ella-
,

fi'xity, n. Fixed state ; (Physics) property of tORV a. [as prec, -ate 3 ]

enduring heat without being volatilized or los- flag-e'llum (-j-), n. (pi. -lla). (Bot.) runner,
ing weight ; stability, permanence, [f. ~Lfixus creeping shoot ; (Zool., Biol.) lashlike append-
see fix 1 + -ity] age. Hence fla'g-ellate 2 (-at; see -ate 2 ),
fi'x'ture (-tsher), n. Thing fixed or fastened flag-e'lliFORM, aa. [L, = whipJ
in position; (Law; pi.) articles of a personal flag-eole't 1 (-jo- also fla"-), n. Small wind-in-
;

nature affixed to the freehold ; person or thing strument with mouth-piece at end, six holes, &
confined to or established in one place (chiefly sometimes keys. [F, dim. of OF flajol etym. dub.]
in pred., as seems to be a/.); (Athlet. &c.) (date flag*eole*t 2 (-jo- also -la), n. Kind of kidney-
;

appointed for) meet, race, &c. [changed f. obs. bean. [F, =flageolet dim. ol/ageol f. L/aseolus]
fixure f. LL fixura (figere fix-, -ure)] flagitious (-jishws), a. Deeply criminal,
fizz, v.i., &
n. (Make) hissing or spluttering atrocious, heinous, villanous. Hence flagl*-
sound, whence fi'zzv 2 a. champagne, [imit.] tiousLV 2 adv., flagl'tiousNESS n. [f. hflagi-
;

fi'zzle, v.i., n. & Hiss or splutter feebly (n., tiosus {flagititim crime, -ose 1 )]
this sound) /. out, come to lame conclusion,
; fla'gon, n. Large vessel usu. with handle,
[f. obs. fise break wind + -le(3)] spout, & lid, to hold liquor for table ; similar
fla'bbepg'ast, v.t. Dumbfound, so astonish vessel for Eucharist ; (Wine-trade) flattened
as to incapacitate, [from 1772 ; etyin. dub.] globular glass bottle holding nearly two bottles.
fla'bby, a. Hanging down, flaccid, limp, [ME flakon f. OF flacon (flask, -oox)]
(usu, of flesh) ; nerveless, feeble, (of language fla'grant, a. Glaring, notorious, scandalous,
or character). Hence fla'bbiNESS n. [earlier (of offence or offender). Hence or cogn. fla'g"-
flappy (flap, -v 2
)] pancy n., fla'g-pantLV 2 adv. [f. L flagrare
&
flabe*llate,flabe*llifopm,aa. (bot. zool.). blaze (Aryan bhleg-), -ant]
Fan-shaped, [f. L flabellum fan (flare blow) + flail, n. Hand threshing-implement, wooden
-ate 2 -form]
, staff at end of Avhich a short heavy stick hangs
fla'eeid (-ks-), a. Hanging loose or wrinkled, swinging. [OE fligel cf. Du vlegel, G
flegel,
limp, flabby, (usu. of flesh) ; relaxed, drooping ; prob. f. L flagellum]
wanting vigour, feeble. Hence flacci'diTY n. flaip, n. Selective instinct for what is excel-
[f. Fflaccide f. L flaccidus (flaccus flabby)] lent, paying, &c. [F (flairer to smell f. pop. L
flag , n. Kinds of plant with bladed leaf flagrare =fragrare see fragrant)]
1

growing on moist ground, esp. various species flake *, n. B.ack for storing oatcake &c. ;

of iris ff. or /. collect., kind of coarse grass

; stage for drying fish &c. [perh. f.
; ON flake
long slender blade of a plant. Hence fla*g*g*v 2 hurdle cf. L plectere, Gk pleko, weave]
u. [cf. Du.fiag] flake 2, n., & v.i. t. & Light fleecy tuft, esp.
flag- 2, n., &
v.t. (Also flagstone) flat slab of of snow ; portion of ignited matter thrown off;
rock for paving, (pi.) pavement made of these, thin broad piece peeled off; natural division of
also fla'g-griNG M6) n. (vb) pave with ff. [earlier fish's flesh ; layer ; carnation with striped petals;
;
 ;;;
; ;;;

FLAM 310 FLAT

f. -white,pigment made from white-lead in ff. ous) /. up, burst into sudden blaze or anger. ;

hence fla'kv 2 a. (Vb) fall like, sprinkle as (N.) dazzling irregular light, unshaded flame in
with, snow take, come, away; or off in ff. open air sudden outburst of flame ostenta- ; ;

[perh. ult. f. Aryan plag- cf. Gk plegnumi beat] tion upward bulge in ship's sides f.-up, sud- ; ;

flam, n. Sham story, trick, deception. [?] den breaking into flame, short brilliant popu-
fla-mbeau (-bo), n. (pi. -s or-x,pr. -z). Torch, larity or display, burst of anger, uproarious
esp. of several thick waxed wicks. [F, I. Jlambe merrymaking. [?]

flame 1 ( = med.L Jlambellum)] flash l9 v.i. & t. Break suddenly into flame,
flamboyant, Marked by wavy give out flame or
a. & n. (/. in the pan, fail sparks,
flamelike lines (of French loth & 16th c. archit. after showy start, ) like priming of old guns)
floridly decorated gorgeously coloured (n.) ;
; emit orreflect light, gleam send, reflect, (some- ;

kinds of flame-coloured flower. [F, part, of thing) like a f. or in ff. (eyesf. fire,f. back defi-
flamboyer (Jlambe flame 1 )] ance) burst suddenly into view or perception
;

flame 1 , n. (Portion of) ignited gas (the ff., (flashed upon me that —-); move swiftly ; /. up
fire, esp. as consuming) ; visible combustion or out, show sudden passion cause to gleam ;

(inff.;burst into/, or if.) bright light, brilliant ; (flashed hts sword had a lantern flashed in ;

colouring; passion, esp. of love (fanthef.,m&ke my face) send by telegraph (news was flashed
;

it more intense) (joe.) sweetheart (an old/, of ;

over England) (Glass-making) spread out (t. ; &
mine) kinds of moth. Hence fla'meLESS
;
i.) into a sheet, cover (plain glass) with colour-

(poet.), fla-mv 2, aa. [f. OF Jlambe f. L flamma ed film (of water) rush along, rise & flow, fill
;

(flagrare blaze or flare blow)] or flood (stream &c.) with water; f. -board, for
'flame 2 , v.i. Emit ff., blaze, (often away, sending more water from mill-dam into mill-
forth, out, up) ; (of passion) burst out ; (of per- race J. -pipe, extra pipe with line of holes for
;

sons) break out, blaze up, into anger ; shine,
gleam, (/. up, blush violently) ; move like f. ;
send (signal) by flaming ; subject to action of f.
(sterilized by flaming), [f. OF flamber as prec]
fla'men, n. (Rom. ant.). god's priest. [L]
lighting high gas-lamp ;flashing-point, temper-
ature at which vapour from oil &c. ignites,
[prob. imit. in sense flood &c. (the earliest)]
flash 2, n. Sudden transitory blaze (/. in pan,
A abortive effort see prec), time occupied by it, ;

fla'ming, In vbl senses esp. very hot

a. ; : instant, (in a f.) ostentation sudden short ; ;

(af. sun) ; bright-coloured exaggerated, over- ; access of feeling (a f. of hope) preparation for ;

laudatory, (a f. description), [-ing 2 ] colouring spirits rush of water let down -weir ;

flami'ng-o, n. Large long-legged long-necked to take boat over shallows, contrivance for
heavy- billed scarlet -feathered bird. [Port. producing this f. -light, used for signals in ;
&
(-enqo) perh. f. Rom. Hama flame + -enc = -ing] lighthouses, also for photographing by night
ffanerie, flaneur, (F), nn. Idling, idler, &c. ; f. -point, (now more usu. for) flash ing-
:

flange (-j), n., & v.t. Projecting flat rim, point. [f. prec.J
collar, or rib ; (vb) provide with f. [perh. f. OF flash 3 , a. Gaudy, showy, counterfeit (f.
flanche flank] notes, money) cant, slang ; connected with ;

flank, n., & v.t. Fleshy part of side between thieves, tramps, &c. [f. pre'e]
ribs &
hip ; side of building, mountain, &c. ; fla'shy, a. Brilliant but shallow or transi-
right or left side of army or body of troops (in, tory, cheaply attractive showy, gaudy given ; ;

/., at the side turn /. of). (Vb) guard or ; to display. Hence fla'shiLY 2 adv., fla'shi-
strengthen on the f., menace f. of, take in f., ness n. [-Y 2 ]
enfilade, rake be posted or situated at f. of
; ; flask, n. (Usu. powder-f.) leather or metal
march past f. of. [f. F flanc etym. dub.] case for carrying sportsman's supply of gun-
fla'nker, n. Fortification guarding or men- powder Italian narrow-necked wickered wine
;

acing flank (Mil., usu. pi.) flank skirmisher(s)

;
or oil bottle traveller's pocket bottle of metal
;

thing that flanks anything, [-er l \ or (usu. leather-covered) glass for wine, spirit,
fla'nnel Open woollen stuff,
(-nl), n. & a. &c. [cf. It. fiasco, Gflasche perh. ult. f. L vas- ;

usu. without nap kinds of this, f. goods) (pi., culum dim. of vas vessel]
(pi.) underclothing of f., f. bandages, garments fla'sket, n. Long shallow basket (archaic)
esp. trousers of f. for games, whence fla'nnel- small flask, [f. OF flasquet(flasque flask, -et 1 )]
lED a. piece of f. used in washing person or
2
;
flat 1 , n. Storey suite of rooms on one floor ;

scrubbing floor, whence fla'nnel (-11-) v.t. as residence. [OE flet floor cogn. w. foil.]
hence flannelE'TTE(2)n.,fla*nnellv 2 a. (Adj.) flat 2, a. & adv., n., & v.t. Horizontal, level
made of f. [perh. f. gwlanen {gwldn wool)] W
spread out, lying at full length, (fell f. /. ;

flap, v.t. & L, & n. Strike with something against the wall', with the f. hand); even,
broad, drive (flies &c.) away or off; (of birds) smooth, unbroken, without projection, (/. tint,
strike (something) with flat of wing swing or uniform) ; with broad level surface & little ;

sway about, flutter, oscillate move (t. & i. of depth unqualified, plain, downright, (/. denial, ; ;

wings) up & down beat the Avings. (N.) light refusal /. nonsense, blasphemy that's f, let
; ;
;

blow with something broad motion of wing there be no doubt about it) dull, lifeless, mono- ;
;

&c. broad hanging piece hinged or attached tonous, (fall /., prove a failure, not win ap-
;

by one side only, e. g. trapdoor, pocket-cover, plause market is, prices are,f, inactive, slug- ;

hat-brim, table-leaf, valve, fish's gill-cover, gish) slow-witted dejected, without energy, ; ;

piece of skin left in amputations open mush- (/. beer, that has lost its effervescence) (Mus.) ; ;

room-top (cf. button), [irnit.] below the true pitch (B, D, &c.,/., a semitone
flapdoo'dle, n. Nonsense, bunkum. [?] lower than B, D, &c. sings f.) ;f.-boat, with f. ;

fla'ppep, n. Flat fly-killing instrument; bottom for transport in shallow water ;/. can-
bird-scaring clapper young wild-duck or par- dlestick, with broad base & short stem for
;

tridge, (slang) girl not yet out hinged or hang- carrying about f.-fish, family including sole, ; ;

ing piece, flap; broad fin; crustacean's tail; turbot, plaice, &c. ;f.-foot(ed), (having) foot not
(slang) hand w. ref. to Laputans) person, thing,
; ( normally arched ;f.-iron, for ironing linen &c;
that jogs one's memory or wits, [-er 1 ] /. race, over level ground (opp. hurdle-race or
flare, v.t. & i., & n. (Cause to) bulge gradu- steeplechase) hence fla'tLY adv., fla*tN«ESS
2 ;

ally upwards (of ship's sides) blaze with bright n., fla'ttENS v.t. & i., fla'ttiSHM2) a., fla't-
;

unsteady flame, glow as with flame, (often ways, fla'twiSE, advv. (N.) what is f. (on,
about, away, out ; part., gaudy, over-conspicu- from, the /., of drawings &c. as opposed to
 -
; ;
;

FLATTER 311 FLESH

sculpture), f. part of anything (the f. of the jumping plant-louse. [com.-Teut.; OEfteahcf.
hand, with the f. of his sword) level ground, Gfloh, prob. cogn. w. flee]
;

plain, low land, swamp f. -bottomed boat

;
fleam, n. Lancet for bleeding horses, [f. OF
shallow basket (Theatr.)part of scene mounted flicme f. med.L fledomum f. LL flebotomxim f.
;

on frame & pushed in (slang) duffer, dupe

;
Gk phlebotomon see phlebotomy]
(Mus.) note lowered a semitone below natural Heche (-ash), n. Slender spire, esp. at inter-
pitch, sign indicating this lowering, sharps &
section of nave & transept. [F, orig. = arrow]
ff., black notes on piano. (Vb) make f. (chiefly fleck, n.,& v.t. Spot in the skin, freckle; patch
in manufacturing processes elsewhere./7atten). of colour or light; small particle, speck hence
; ;

[f. ON flair etyrn. dub.] fle'ekLESS a. (Vb) mark with ff., dapple, varie-
fla'ttep, v.t. Court, fawn upon compliment gate, [f. or cogn. w. ON flekkr blow, spot, cf.
;

unduly, overpraise gi'atify vanity of, make G fleck spot Scflicken to patch]
;

feel honoured inspire with (esp. unfounded)

;
fle'ekep, v.t. Dapple, variegate ; scatter in
hope please oneself with the belief (that)
;
patches, [prec. + -er 5 ] ;

gratify (eye, ear, &c.) (of portrait, painter, &c.)

;
fled. See flee.
exaggerate good looks of. Hence fla'ttePER x fledge, v.t. Provide with feathers or plumage,
,

fla'ttER v(4, 5), nn. fla'ttepin gLY 2 adv. [perh. wing for flight, deck with feathers or down.
,

irreg. f. OF flater (to smooth)] Hence fle'dgeLESS a, [f. obs. adj. fledge fea-
fla'tulent, a. Generating gas in the alimen- thered cf. OE unfligge unfledged, & G fliigge,
tary canal caused by, attended with, troubled cogn. w. FLY 2 ]
;

with, accumulation of such gas inflated, puffed fle , dg (e)ling', n. Youngbird inexperienced
;
,

up, windy, pretentious. Hence or cogn. fla'tu- person, [as prec. -f -ling l ]
Ience, fla'tulExcv, nn., fla'tulentLY 2 adv. flee, v.i. & t. (fled fly, flying, are nowusu. sub- ;

[F (foil., -ULENT)] stituted for flee, fleeing ; is fled, see -edM'2), or

fla'tus, n. Wind in stomach or bowels. [L, hasfled). Run away, seek safety in flight van- ;

vbl n. (flare blow)] ish, cease, pass away ; run away from, leave
flaunt, v.i. & t,, & n. Wave (t. & i.) proudly; abruptly; eschew, shun. [com.-Teut.; OE fleon
display oneself or one's finery show off, parade, cf. Gfliehen, Goth, thliuhan]
;

(oneself, finery, &c.) hence flau*nting"LV

; fleece, n., & v.t. Woolly covering of sheep or
adv., flau'ntY 2 a. (N.) flaunting motion. [?] similar animal (GoldenF., Austrian & Spanish
flau'tist (-aw-), n. Flute-player, [f. lt.fl.au- order of Knighthood) quantity of wool shorn ;

tista (flaido flute)] from a sheep at once rough, abundant, or ;

flave'scent, a. Turning yellow, yellowish. woolly head of hair thing like a f., white cloud, ;

[f. hflavescere (flavus yellow, -escent)] falling snow, &c.; (Carding) thin sheet of cotton
fla'voup, n., & v.t. Aroma, mingled sensa- or wool fibre; hence (-)fleeeED 2 flee'ev 2 aa. , ,

tion of smell & taste, distinctive taste unde- (Vb) shear (sheep rare) strip of money, pro-
; ; ;

finable characteristic quality hence fla'vop- perty, &c. (also of), whence flee'eeABLE a.;
;

ous, fla'voupLESS, fla'voupso.ME, aa. (Vb) overspread as with f. (sky fleeced xcith clouds).
give f. to, season; hence fla'voupiNG 1 ^) n. [com.-WG OE fleos cf. Du. vlies, Gfliess, perh. ;

[prob. f. OF flaur, fraor, smell, perh. f. L fra- cogn. w. L pluma feather]

grare be fragrant] fleer, v.i., & n. Laugh impudently or mock-
flaw *, n., & v.t. & i. Crack, breach, rent im- ingly, gibe, jeer, sneer; (n.) mocking look or
;

perfection, blemish (Law) invalidating defect speech, [cf Norw. & Sw. dial, flira to grin]
; .

m document, procedure, evidence, &c; hence fleet *, n. Naval armament, number of war-
flaw'LESS a., flawlessLY 2 adv., flawless- ships under one command-in-chief (the /., the
NESSn. (Vb) crack (t.&i.),damage,'mar. [perh. navy); number of ships or boats sailing in com-
f. OXflaga slab cf. flake ] pany. [OE fleot ship, shipping (fleotan fleet 5 )]
2
flaw 2 , n. Squall of wind short storm, [cf. fleet 2, n. Creek, inlet; The F., stream, now
;

Du. vlaag, Sw.flaga perh. cogn. w. flay]

;
covered sewer, running into Thames E. of F.
flawn, n. (archaic). Kind of custard, [f. OF Street, also the prison that stood near it (F. mar-
ilaon (now flan) f. med.L fladonem nom. -o f. riage, performed by a F. parson or disreputable
'OB.G flado flat cake] clergyman in & about the F. ready to marry
flax, n. Blue-flowered plant cultivated for clandestinely). [OE fleot cf. Du. vliet, Gfliess,
its textile fibre & its seeds called linseed (with cogn. w. FLEET 5 ] ;

qualifying word prefixed or suffixed) kinds of fleet 3 , a. (poet, or literary). Swift, nimble.
similar plant, as dwarf, toad, -f.,f.-lily, -dodder; Hence flee'tLY 2 adv., flee'tNESS n. [cf. ON
fibres of f., dressed or undressed; cloth of f., flidtr, cogn. w. fleet 5 ]
linen ;f.-seed, linseed. [com.-WG OE fleax cf. fleet 4 , a. & adv. Shallow (of water) at or to
; ;

G flachs, perh. cogn. w. G flechten, L plectere, no great depth (plough or soivf.). [cf. Du. vloot,
Gk pleko, weave] cogn. w. foil.]
fla'xen, a. Of flax; (of hair) coloured like fleet 5 , v.i. Glide away, vanish, be transitory
dressed flax, pale yellowish-brown, [-en 5] pass rapidly, slip a icay; move swiftly, fly. Hence
flay, v.t. Strip off skin or hide of ; (fig.) criti- flee* ti ng 2 a. flee'tingxy 2 adv. [earl ier senses, ,

cize severely; pillage, plunder, (person) ; peel float, swim, flow com.-Teut.; OEi fleotan cf. G ;

off (skin, bark, peel); pare off (turf) f -flint, ex- fliessen, cogn. w. Gk pled sail, L pluere rain]
;

tortioner, miser. [com.-Teut.; OEv/?ea?icf.MDu. Fle*ming',n. Inhabitant of Flanders. [f.MDu.

vlaen, Gk plesso strike, flake 2 flaw] Vlaminq (Flam-, whence Flanders, + -ing 3 )]
,

flea (-e), n. Small wingless jumping insect Fle'mish l, a. & n. (Language) of Flanders;
feeding on human & other blood (send oneaway .F. bond 1 [f.MDu. Vlaemisch (prec, -ish 1 )] .

tvith a f. in his ear, discomfited by a reproof fle'mish 2 , v.i. (Of hound) make quivering
or repulse); sand-f., water-f., small jumping movement of tail & body while searching for
crustaceans; = f.-beetle; small or contemptible trail, feather. [?]
creature f.-bane, f.-wort, kinds of plant /.-
;
flench, flinch, flense, v.t. Cut up (whale)
;

beetle, jumping beetle infesting hops ; f.-bite, flay (seal), [f. Du. flense, cf. Novw.flinsa flay]
lit., & fig. slight inconvenience or expense, mere flesh \ n. Soft substance between the skin &
trifle, also small reddish spot in animal's colour- the bones, esp. the muscular part of animal
ation (f. -bitten, sprinkled with these on lighter bodies (/. &
blood, the body or its material, man-
ground ; also lit.) ; f.-dock, butter-bur /. -louse, kind, human nature with its emotions & in-
;
 ;;
: ;;;;

FLESH 312 FLINT

flrmities as adj., actually living, not super-
; state; bend, curve, turn; (Math.) curving of
natural or imaginary: one's own f. b., near
relations; descendants: /. fell, the whole
body; as adv., entirely one /., united as one
personality, see Gen, ii. 24: proud f., over-
growth of granulations springing on wound
make hisf. creep, frighten or horrify him esp.
with dread of the supernatural); pulpy sub-
stance of fruit or plant; plumpness, fat, (lose/.,
grow thin inf., fat) tissue of animal bodies
; ;
(excluding fish & sometimes fowls) as food,
meat, (f. -feeding, f. -eater, &c. ; neither fish 1
f., nor &c) visible surface of human body (/.-
; towel, &c). [imit.]
colour, -ed, yellowish pink); =/. blood above
[all /., whatever has bodily life; in the /., in
bodily form, in life ; after thef, corporeally)
the sensual appetites {sins of thef, unchastity);
f.-brush, -glove, for stimulating circulation by
rubbing f.-fly, depositing eggs or larvae in
;
dead f. f.-pots (w. ref. 3), high
;
& line or surface or, in theory of elasticity, of sur-
& face or solid,/, of a curve, its bending to or from
: a straight line ; (Geol.) bending of strata under
pressure, [f. hflexura (flex, -ure)]
fli'bbertigi'bbet (-j-), n. Gossiping, flighty,
frivolous, or restless person, [imit. of chatter]
flick, n., &
v.t. Light sharp blow with whip-
lash &c shot out and withdrawn, or with finger-
nail ; sudden movement, jerk ; slight sharp
cracking sound. ( Vb) strike with a f. ; dash or
, jerk (dust &c) away, off; give a f. with (whip,
& fli'ekep, v.i., n. &
Quiver, vibrate, wave to
and fro, blow lightly &
unsteadily, (of flags,
leaves, serpents/ tongues, wind, &c) ; (of flame
&c, & fig. of hope &c) flash and die away by
turns ; hence fli'ckepingLY 2 adv. (N.) flick-
ering movement or light. IOE flicorian imit.]
fliep. See flyer.
to Exod. xvi.
flight 1 (-it), n., & v.t. Act or manner of flying

living; /. side or/., side of a hide that adjoined

the f. /. tints, esp. painter's rendering of f.- through air (take one's or a, wing one's, /., fly),
;

colour; f. tights, fleshings; f.-ivound, one not pursuit of game by hawk migration, migrat- ;

reaching bone or vital organ. Hence fle'sh- ing body, flock, of birds or insects swift ;

less a. [com.-WG & Scancl. OE flxsc cf. G movement of projectiles &c. (of time) swift; ;

jleisch, Da. flesk pork] passage; soaring, excursion, sally, (of wit, fancy,
"
flesh 2, v.t. Incite (hound &c.) by taste of ambition, &c) distance that bird, airship, or ;

blood initiate in bloodshed inflame by

;
fore- missile, can fly; series (o/ stairs &c. mounting
;

taste of success use sword &c. for first time without change of direction, or of hurdles or
;

on f. (or fig. pen, wit, &c). [f. prec] rails for racing over); volley (of arrows &c);
fle'shings, n. pi. Close flesh-coloured gar- in the first f. taking a leading place oat-chaff; , ;

ment usu. of silk worn on stage &c. to represent f. feather, muscle, used in flying. (Vb) shoot
natural skin, [flesh \ -ing l ] (wildfowl also abs.) in f. IOE flyht (OTeut, ;

fle'shly, a. Carnal, lascivious, sensual, (esp. fieugan fly 2 )]

of appetites &c, rarely of persons); mortal, ma- flight 2 (-it), n. Running away, hasty retreat,
terial, not divine or spiritual worldly. Hence absconding, (take, take to, betake oneself to, /.,
;

fle'shliNESS n. [OE flxsclic (flesh \ -like)] run away put tof., rout). [ME fluht (OTeut. ;

fle'shy, a. Plump, fat; of flesh, without bone thleuhan flee)]

(of plant or fruit tissue) pulpy; like flesh. Hence fligh'ty, a. Guided by whim or fancy, fickle
fle'shiNESS n. [-Y 2] half-witted, crazy. Hence fligh'tiLY 2 adv.,
fleur-de-lis (flerdele-, pL ./fours- pr. as sing.), flig-h'tiNESS n. [flight ] + -y 2]
flowep-de-liree (archaic & U.S.), n. Iris flrm-flam, n. Trifle, nonsense, idle talk
flower heraldic lily (sing, or pi.) royal arms
; ;
humbug,
piece of deception. [?]
of France, French royal family, France. [F (first fli'msy (-zi), a. & n. Easily destroyed, frail,
form),= lily flower (lis lily); the archaic E forin slightly put together; paltry, trivial; frivolous,
is corrupt, of F] superficial hence fli'msiLY 2 adv., fli'msi-
;

fleup*et(-oor-),n. Ornament like small flower, ness n. (N.) banknote (slang); thin paper, re-
[f. F fleur ette (fleur flower, -ette)] porter's copy, [from 18th c prob. imit.] ;

neuron (F), n. Flower-shaped ornament in flinch, v. i. Give way, draw back, (from duty,
architecture, on coins, &c. course, &c); wince, [f. OF fienchir etym. dub.]
fleup'y (-oori), flop'y, a. (herald. ). Decorated fli'ndeps, n. pi. Fragments, splinters, (break,
with fleurs-de-lis. [f. F figure, OF flore (fleur fly, inf.). [cf. Norw. flindra, Du. flenter]
FLOWER, -Y 4 )] fling, v.i. & t. (flung), & n. Rush, go angrily
flew. See fly 2 . or violently (/. out of the room flung away in ;

flews, n. pi. Hanginglips of bloodhound &c. [?] a rage) (of horse &c) kick and plunge (often
;

flex, v.t. Bend (in scientific use of bending out), (of person usu. out) break into invective
;

limb &c. by flexor, or in Geol. of distorted throw, hurl, (often about, aside, away, by, out,
strata), [f. It ftectere flex-] up, at rejected thing, missile, flotsam, dice)
;

fle'xible, a. That will bend without breaking, throw oneself into person's arms, a boat, &c,
pliable, pliant easily led, manageable adapt-
; ; on person's compassion &c, or into an enter-
able, versatile supple, complaisant. Hence or
; prise (i. e. take it up with all one's might)
cogn. flexiBi'LiTY n.. fle'xibLY 2 adv. [F, f. L suddenly spread out (arms), kick up (heels)
flexibilis (prec, -ible)] cast (one's eyes) carelessly (up)'on send, emit, ;

fle'xlle, Supple, mobile tractable versa-

a. ; ; (sound, smell, light) put person suddenly or
;

tile. Hence flexi'liTY

n. [f. L FLEXilis (-il)] violently into prison launch (troops &c) on
;

fle'xion, n. Bending, curvature, bent state, enemy or against fortress or enemy (of wrest- ;

(esp. of limborjoint) bent part, curve; (Gram.) ; ler or ridden horse) throw to the ground /. ;

= inflexion, whence fle'xionAL, fle'xionLESS, (fact &c) in one's teeth, reproach him with it
aa. ;(Math.) = flexure, [f. L ./foxi'o (flex, -ion)] /. (door Sec.) open or to, open or shut violently.
fle'xop, n. (Also/, muscle, tendon) muscle (N.) throw, cast, (have af. at, make an attempt
thatbendsapart(opp. extensor), [flex, -or 2 ] at, jeer at); impetuous dance (esp. Highland f);
fle'xuose, a. (bot.). Serpentine, undulating. violent movement, plunge; spell of indulgence
Hence flexuo'so- comb. form. [f. Ijflexuosus in impulse (have one's/.), [cf. flengja] ON
(flexus -us a bend see flex, -ose 1 )] flint, n. Hard stone of nearly pure silica found
fle'xuous, a. Full of bends, winding. Hence in pebbly lumps steel-grey within encrusted &
or cogn. flexuo'SiTY n., fle'xuousLY 2 adv. with white anything hard and unyielding
;

[as prec, -ous] piece of f. used with steel to produce fire (f..&
fle'xure(-ksher), n. Bending, curvature, bent steel) esp. in f.-lock gun pebble of f. ivring
; ;
 ;;; );;

FLIP 313 FLOOD

water from a work miracles skin af, be
/., ; priating) flotsam ; ships &c. afloat on river
miserly or avaricious; set one's face like af, floating masses buoyancy ; part of ship above
;

be determined f. -glass, pure lustrous kind

;
water-line. 1-age]
orig. made with f. f.-lock, (lock of) gun dis-
; floatation, flot-, n. Floating (centre off.,
charged by spark from f. Hence fli'ntY 2 a., of gravity in floating body); starting of com-
fli'ntiNESS n. [OE, cf. Da. flint, perh. cogn. w. pany or enterprise, [flot- is attempt to disguise
Gk plinthos brick] hybrid formation; float 2 -ation] ,

flip 1 , v.t. & i., & n. Put (pellet, coin) in mo- floater, n. In vbl senses; esp. (St. Exch.)
tion with a fillip ; fillip (person's ear, cheek, &c), government stock certificate, railway bond,
strike lightly ; make a fillip with fingers ; move &c, recognized as security, [-er 1 ]
(fan,whip, fishing-fly) about with sudden jerk (s) floating*, a. In vbl senses; esp. (Commerc;
strike smartly at with whip &c. (n.) smart light ; of cargo) at sea (/. trade, rates, &c., concerned
blow, fillip, flick, [imit.] with cargoes at sea) ; /. capital 2 debt, rib ; ,

flip 2, n. Beer and spirit mixed, sweetened, fluctuating, variable, (thef. population); f. an-
& heated with hot iron egg -/, [perh. f. prec. ;
1
chor = drag ^-anchor /. dock 4 ;/. bridge, kinds
;

in sense ichip up] of bridge & ferry, also part of bridge that can
fli*p-flap, n. Kind of somersault kind of ; be swung away on pontoon /. light, light-ship, ;

firework, cracker, [imit.] life-buoy with lantern, [-ing 2]

fli'ppant, a. Lacking in gravity, treating flocei-nauci-nihili-pili-fication(-oks-).
serious things lightly, disrespectful. Hence n. Estimating as worthless (the f. oj wealth).
fli'ppANCY n., fli'ppantLY 2 adv. [from 1605, [four L wds = at little or nothing + -fic ation]
orig. = nimble, voluble, perh. f. flips -ant] flocco'se, a. (bot.). Tufted, [f. Lljfloccosus
fli'pper, n. Limb used to swim with, as in (Lfloccus flock 1 -ose 1 )] ,

turtle &penguin (slang) hand, [flip 1 + -ER 1 ]

; flo'ccule, n. Small portion of matter like
fli'pperty-flo'pperty, a. Loose, dangling. flock of wool. [f. flocculus]
flirt, v.t. & i., & n. Fillip, send with a jerk flo'cculent, -lose, -lous, aa. Like tufts of
wave or move briskly (fan, bird's tail) play at ; wool in, showing, tufts. Hence flo'eeulENCE
;

courtship (with), pretend to make love, whence n. -ULENT, -OSE 1 -OUS]

[folL, ,

flirtATiONn., flirtatious a. (X.) sudden jerk,
quick motion quickly checked man who pays,
or usu. woman who invites or accepts, atten-
tions merely for amusement, whence flirt-
ish 1 flirt y 2 aa. [imit.]
, ,
flit,v.i.,&n. Migrate, be gone, depart; change
one's abode, move, (n., change of abode) pass
lightly, softly, rapidly, (often about, by, to
flo*cculus, n. (pi. -li). =floccule; (Anat.)
; small lobe in under surface of cerebellum.
[mod.L, dim. of foil.]
flo'ccus, n. (pi. -ci, pr. -oksi). Tuft of woolly
hairs or filaments. [L, = foil. ]
flock 1 , n. Lock, tuft, of wool, cotton, &c;
;
(pi.) material for quilting & stuffing made of
& wool-refuse or torn-up cloth (pi. or collect, ;

fro) fly lightly, make short flights, (of birds

; & sing.) powdered wool or cloth for making f.-
esp. bats), [f. ONflytja cogn. w. fleet 5 ] paper; (Chem.; pi.) light loose masses precipi-
flitch, n., & v.t. Side of hog salted and cured tated f.-bed, stuffed with ff.; f. -paper, wall-
;

(/. ofDunmow, there given yearly to any couple paper sized & then powdered with f. either all
proving conjugal harmony for year and day) over or in patterns. Hence flo'cky 2 a. [prob.
Bquare of blubber steak of halibut slice (usu.
; ; f. OF floe i. Jjfloccus]
outside one) of timber from tree trunk (vb) cut ; flock 2, n., & v.i. Large number of people
(log or halibut) into ff. [OE flicce cf. vlike] MLG (chiefly in such phrr. as come inff.); number of
flrtter, v.i. Flit about, flutter ; f. -mouse, bat. animals of one kind, esp. birds, feeding or tra-
[FLIT + -ER 5 ] velling together ; number of domestic animals,
flix, n. Kinds of fur ; beaver's down, [r/ usu. sheep, goats, or geese, kept together ( ff. <£•
float 1
, n. Floating (rare; on the f., afloat); herds, sheep &
cattle) ; the Christian body ; a
mass of floating weeds, ice, &c. raft cork or ; ; congregation esp. in relation to its pastor;
quillused on fishing-line as indicator cork sup- ; family of children, number of pupils, &c. /.- ;
porting edge of fishing-net; inflated part sup- master, sheep-farmer ; (vb) congregate, go in
porting fish &c. hollow ball regulating cistern
; great numbers, troop, (often about, after, into,
tap; (Theatr. ; sing, or pi.) footlights; (also/.- to, in, out, together). [OE flocc cf. ON flokkr
board) one of the boards of water-wheel or perh. cogn. w. folk]
paddle-wheel; kind of low-bodied cart; platform floe (-6), n. Sheet of floating ice. [perh. f.
on wheels with show used in processions tool ; Norse flo layer]
for smoothing plaster (f. -stone, for smoothing flog", v.t. Beat with birch, whip, cat, &c,
curved bricks, cf. foil. ; single-cut file ; passing
) whence flo'g-giNG^l) drive (learning, lazi- n.;
of weft-threads over part of warp without being ness, &c.) into or out of person urge (horse &c. ;

interwoven, thread so passed \ f. -bridge, of rafts; on with whip (/. dead horse, waste energy)
f. -grass, kinds of sedge, [mixture of OF flot float- (slang) defeat, excel cast fishing-line repeat-
;

ing state, OF flota ship, fleet, float 2 , ScFflottc] edly over (stream), [perh. imit., or school slang
float 2 , v.i. &, t. Rest on surface of liquid ; (of f. liflagellare to whip]
stranded ship) get afloat ; move with moving flong, n. Prepared paper for stereotyping,
liquid, drift; be suspended freely in liquid; [f. Fflan flawn]
move or be suspended in air as if buoyed up ; flood (-ud), n., v.t. i. &
(Also f -tide) inflow &
hover before eye or mind ; (Commerc. of accept- , of tide (opp. ebb); (poet.) river, stream, sea,
ance) be in circulation, awaiting maturity (/. & field, 6ea &
land); irruption of water over
(Commerc.) bring (company, scheme) into fa- land, inundation, (the F., Noah's F., that in
vour, launch, (of scheme &c. be launched; cover ) Genesis), whence floodd'METER n. outpouring ;

with liquid, inundate; (of water &c.) support, of water, torrent, downpour, (ff. of rain, af. of
bear along, (buoyant object); set afloat; circu- tears or words)', f.-gate, opened closed to ad- &
late (rumour); waft through air; f. -stone, kinds mit or exclude water, esp. lower gate of lock,
of light stone that f. (& see prec). [OE flotian also sluice. Vb) inundate, cover with a f (also
( .

cf. OS flota, cogn. w. fleet 5 ] fig., was flooded with letters)', irrigate ; deluge
floatable, a. Capable of floating (of stream) ; (burning house, mine) with water (of rain) fill ;

in which rafts &c. can float, [-able] (river) to overflowing come in great quantities ;

floatage (-Ij), n. Floating ; (right of appro- (usu. in) have uterine hemorrhage, [com.-
;
 ; ;;;

FLOOR 314 FLOWER

Tent; OE flod cf. G flut, Du. vloed, cogn. w. floti*lla,n. Small fleet; fleet of boats or small
FLOW 1
]
ships. [Sp., dim. of flota fleet]
floor (-or), n., & v.t. Lower surface of room, flo'tsam, n. Wreckage found floating (cf.
(also flooring) boards &c. of which it is made ;
jetsam) ; oyster-spawn. [AF fioteson (OFJioter
bottom of sea, cave, &c. ; part of House of Par- = FLOAT 2 -SON] ,

liament where members sit and speak (take the flounce 1 (-ow-), v.i.,& n. Go with agitated or
/., esp. U.S., speak in debate); set of rooms &c. violent motion, flop, plunge, throw the body
on same level in house (ground/., on ground about, (away, out, about, down, up); (n.) fling,
level, first /., above this), storey; level area ;
jerk, of body or limb. [cf. Norw.flunsa hurry
/.-lamp, mounted on metal &c. pillar standing (found later)]
on f.; /.-cloth, substitute for carpet; hence flounce 2 (-ow-), n., v.t. Strip gathered & &
floop'LESS a. (Vb) furnish with f., pave serve sewn by upper edge round woman's skirt, &
;

as f. of bring to the f. or ground, knock down

;
with lower edge hanging, as ornament; (vb)
;

confound, nonplus (at school) tell (boy) to sit trim with f. or ff. [earlier/rounce f. OF fronce,
;

down as not knowing lesson overcome, get the froncir, wrinkle, perh. f. L,/rons -tis brow]
;

better of, (/. the paper, answer every qtiestion flou'ndepM-ow), n. A small flat-fish. [prob.
in it). [OE flor cf. Du. vloer, Gflur] f. OF flondre cf. Novvr. flundra, Da. flynder]

floop'ep (-or-), n. Knock-down blow discon- flou'ndep 2 (-ow-), v.i., & n. Struggle &
;

certing news or argument paper or question plunge (as) in mud or wading make mistakes,
; ;

too hard to answer, [-er 1 ] manage business badly or with difficulty; (n.)
flop, v.i. & t., n., int., & adv. Sway (intr.) piece of floundering, staggering attempts to
about heavily walk &c. in ungainly way sit, get on. [cf. Du. flodderen\
; ;

kneel, lie, down awkwardly throw down ne- floup (-owr), n., & v.t. Finer part of meal ob-
;

gligently or noisily make dull sound of soft tained by bolting; wheat meal fine soft pow-
; ;

body falling or of flat thing slapping water; der /.-box, tin box for dredging- f. ; hence ;

henceflo'ppY 2 a. (X.) flopping motion, sound floup'Y 2 a. (Vb) sprinkle with f. (U.S.) grind ;

made by it. (Int. & adv.) with a f [= flap] into f. [form of flower; orig. sense finest part)
.

flop'a, n. (List of) plants of particular region flouTish l (flu-), v.i. t. Grow vigorously &
or epoch (cf. fauna). [L goddess of flowers thrive, prosper, be successful ; be in one's
(flos_-oris flower), used in L titles of bot. bks] prime spend one's life, be active, in, at, about, ;

flop'al, a. Of flora(s) (/. zone, tract of earth &c. a certain time (cf. floruit) use ff. in hand-
, ;

with special vegetable characteristics); of flow- writing or literary work or speech show osten- ;

er(s). [f. hfloralis of Flora (prec.)] tatiously; wave (weapon) about throw (limbs) ;

Florentine, a. &n. (Inhabitant) of Florence about prelude fancifully in music &c. [f. OF ;

in Tuscany (F. iris, white or pale blue one) florir (-ish 2 f. L florere (flos flower)] )

kind of twilled silk. ff. L Florentinus (Floren- flou'pish 2, n. Prosperity, vigour, (rare ; in
tia Florence, -ine j )] /ull /.) Ornament of flowing curves about let-
flore'scenee, n. Flowering time or state. ter or word in hand-writing rhetorical embel- ;

[f. L florescere (florere bloom, -escent, -ence)] lishment, florid expression ostentatious wav- ;

flop'et, n. (Bot.) one of small flowers making ing of weapon, hand, &c. ; (Mus.) fanfare of
up a composite flower (/. of the disk, the ray, horns &c. for person's arrival, florid passage, ex-
of the flower's centre or circumference) small temporized addition or prelude hence flou'p-
; ;

flower, floweret, [f. OF floretc (flower, -ette)] ish y 2 a. [f. prec]

flop'iate, v.t. Decorate with flower-designs flout (-owt), v.t. i., & n. Mock, insult, ex- &
&c. [as foil., -ATE 3] press contempt for by word or act scoff at ; ;

flop'ieultupe, n. Cultivation of flowers. (n.) mocking speech or action, [from 16th c.

Hence flopieirltuPAL a., flopieu*ltupiST(3) perh. var. of flute v.]
n. [t. hflos -oris flower + culture] flow (-6), v.i., n. Glide along as a stream ; &
fld'Pid, a. Profusely adorned as with flowers, (of blood) circulate (of persons or things) come, ;

elaborately ornate, (of literary, artistic, or mu- go, in numbers (of talk, literary style, &c.) ;

sicalstyle); ostentatious, showy; ruddy, flushed, move easily; (of garment, hair, &c.) hang
high-coloured. Hence nopi'diTY, flo'PidxEss, easily, undulate (Math. of numbers) increase ; ;

nn.,flo*pidLY 2 adv. [thfloridus (flos flower)] or diminish continuously by infinitesimal quan-

Flo'pida, n. State in U.S. (F. water, a per- tities gush out, spring (of blood) be spilt; re- ; ;

fume F. icood, kind used for inlaying).

; sult /rom run full, be in flood (ebb /. flow' ; & ;

flopi'fepous, a. (Of seeds or plants) produc- ing tide, progressive tendency) (of wine) be ;

ing many flowers, [f. hflorifer (flos flower, poured out without stint be plentifully sup- ;

-ferous)] plied xoith (archaic land flouring with milk ; &

flopile'gium, n. (pi. -ia). Anthology, [transl. honey). (X.) flowing movement in stream
into mod.L (hflos flower, legere gather) of Gk amount that flows flowing liquid (of dress, ; ;

anthologion anthology] figure, &c.) undulation; outpouring, stream,

fldTin, n. Foreign coin of gold or silver cur- copious supply rise of tide (ebb &/.) overflow- ; ;

rent at different times; (Hist.) English gold ing of Nile &c. /. o/ spirits, habitual cheerful- ;

coin (6 8) of Edw. Ill current English coin (2 -). ness. [OE flowan, cf. ON floa cogn. w. flood ;
; ;

[F, f. It.jftormodim. otfiore f. Lflo?*emnom.flos unconnected with L fluere\

flower (stamped with lily)] flowep (-ow-; also flowr), n., v.i. & t. &
flop'ist (also flo -), n. One who deals in, raises, (Bot.) reproductive organ in plant containing
-

or studies flowers. [L flos -oris flower, -ist] one or more pistils or stamens or both, & usu. a
flop'uit (-obit), n. Period (failing exact birth corolla & calyx, (pop.) coloured (i. e. not green)
and death dates) at which a person was alive. part of plant from which fruit or seed is later
[L, = he flourished] developed, whence flowePAGE(l) n. (Old ;

flopy. See fleury. Chem. pi.) powder left after sublimation (ff. ;

flo'sculap, -lous, aa. Having florets, com- o/ sulphur &c.) scum formed by fermenta- ;

posite-flowered. [LL flOSCldus(FLOWRR, -CULE)] tion (ff. o/ tan) a blossom apart from the ;

floss, n. Rough silk enveloping silkworm's plant; flowering plant; (pi.) ornamental
cocoon f. silk, this used in cheap silk goods). phrases (usu. ff. o/ speech often iron.) the pick
( ;

Hence flo'ssY a. [perh. f. OF flosche down] or choice o/; the best part, essence the choicest
2 ;

flotation. See floatation. embodiment o/; state of blooming (in/.), prime

 ;;
;; ;;
;;,

FLOWERER 315 FLUTE

(in thef. of his age) ; f. -de-luce, see fleur-de- stroke ; get, hit, &c, by f. Hence flu'kv 2 a.,
lis ; f.-girl, who sells ff. ; f. -piece, picture of ff.; flu'kiLY 2 adv., flu'kiNESS n. [etym. dub.;
flowerpot, usu. of red earthenware holding soil first in billiards]
in which plant may be set ; flower-show, compe- flume, n., v.i. & & t. (chiefly U.S.). Artificial
titive or other exhibition of ff.; hence (-)flow- channel conveying water for industrial use
ePED 2 ,"flower'LESS, aa., flowep'ET 1 n. (Vb) ravine with stream (vb) build ff., convey down ;

produce ff., bloom or blossom, whence flow- a f. [in early use = stream f. OF flum i. L flu- ;

ep*iNG 2 (Gardening) cause or allow (plant)

a. ; men river (fluere flow)]
to f. ; embellish with worked ff. or floral de- flu'mmepy, n. Food made by boiling oat-
sign. [MB] & OF flour f. L florem nom. flos, meal down to a jelly (archaic or dial.); kinds
cogn. W. BLOW 3] of sweet dish made with milk, flour, eggs, &c.
flower'er, n. Plant that flowers at specified
time &c. (late, abundant, /.). [-er ] ]
empty compliments,
llymru etym. dub.]
trifles, nonsense, [f. W
flowepy, a. Abounding in flowers full of ; flu'mmox, v.t. (slang). Confound, bewilder,
fine words, compliments, figures of speech, &c, disconcert, [prob. imit.]
whence flowep*i.\Ess (-owr-) n. [-Y 2] flump, &
Fall or move heavily,
v.i. t., & n.
flowing", a. In vbl senses also or esp. : (of ; set or throw down, with a dull noise (n., the
style) fluent, easy ; (of lines, curves, contour) action or sound), [imit.]
smoothly continuous, not abrupt; (Naut.) with flung". See fling v.
f. sheet or sail, sailing with lee clews eased off fiu'nkey, n. Liveried servant, footman, (usu.
when wind is nearly across course. Hence. contempt. toady, snob. Hence fl u'nkeyDOM,
) ;

flowing-LY 2 adv. [-ing 2 ] flu'nkeyiSM, nn. [orig. Sc. perh. f. flank, ;

flown l (-on), a. (archaic). Swollen, puffed up, with sense sidesman]

(/. with insolence &wine). [obs. p.p. of flow] fluo(p)-, fluopo-, comb, forms of fluorine,
flown 2 . See fl v 2 . asfluoboric, fluorhydric; fluoroscopy, instru-
flu'etuate, v.i. Move up & down like waves ment with fluorescent screen used instead of
(rare) vary irregularly, rise & fall, be unstable
; dark room to show Rdntgen-ray effects, [foil.]
vacillate, waver. Sofluetu.vrioxn. [f.Lifluc- flu'op, n. Kinds of gemlike readily fusible
tuare (fluctus -us wave f. fluere flow), -ate 3 ] mineral containing fluorine ; f.-spar, calcium
flue n. Kind of fishing-net. [from 11th c.
1
, fluoride. [L, = flow (fluere flow, -or ] )]
cf. MDu. vluxce] fluope'seenee, n. Coloured luminosity pro-
flue 2 , n.Substance formed by loose particles duced in some transparent bodies by direct ac-
of cotton &c, fluff. Hence flue'Y 2 a. [cf. & tion of light, esp. of violet ultra-violet rays
Flem. vhiwe perh. f. F velu hairy] property of rendering ultra-violet rays visible.
flue , n. Smoke-duct in chimney; channel
3 Hence fluore'see v. i. Auope 'scent a. [prec. ,

for conveying heat, esp. hot-air passage in wall, -ESCENT, -ENCE]

tube for heating water in some kinds of boiler flu'opine, n. Non-metallic element grouped
fissure in organ mouth-pipes (also called /.- with bromine, chlorine, & iodine. Hence flu*-
pipes), [perh. cogn. w. flue 5 ] OPIDE n. [FLUOR, -INE 5 ]
flu(e) 4, n. (colloq.). (Short for) influenza. flu'ppy, n., & v.t. Gust, squall commotion, ;

flue 5 , v.i. &t. Splay, make (opening) widen excitement, nervous hurry, agitation whale's ;

inwards or outwards, [f. obs. adj. flue shallow death-throes (vb) confuse by haste or noise, ;

perh. cogn. w. flow] agitate, [imit. cf. flaw, hurry] ;

flu'eney, n. Smooth easy flow, esp. in speech flush \ v.i. & t, & n. Take wing & fly away
ready utterance, [f. ~Lfluentia (foil., -ence)] cause to do this, put up, (birds) (n.) number of ;

flu'ent, a. & n. Flowing (rare in lit. sense) birds put up at once. [perh. imit. cf. fly, rush] ;

ready to flow, liquid, (rare) fluid, not settled, flush 2 , v.i. & t. Spurt, rush out; cleanse
;

liable to change, (rare) (of motion, curves, &c.) (drain &c.) by flow of water flood (meadow)
; ;

graceful, easy (of speech or style) copious, com- (of plant) throw out fresh shoots (also causative,
;

ing easily, ready expi*essing oneself quickly & rain flushes the plants) glow with warm col-
; ;

easily; (Math., in fluxions) that flows (n., the our (of blood) rush into & redden face (of face) ; ;

variable quantity that flows). Hence flu'ent- become red or hot, blush cause to glow or ;

ly 2 adv. [f. L fluere flow, see -ent] blush, suffuse with warm colour inflame with ;

fluff, n., & v.t. Light feathery stuff given off pride or passion, encourage, [perh. = prec. in-
by blankets &c. soft fur soft downy mass or fluenced by flash & blush]
; ;

bunch soft short hair on lip or cheek (slang) flush 3 , n.

; Rush of water; sudden abun-
;

theatrical part imperfectly known hence dance stream from mill-wheel rush of emo-
; ; ;

flu'ffY 2 a., flu'fflNESS n. Vb) put soft surface tion, elation produced by it or by victory &c.
(

on (flesh side of leather) make into f. shake fresh growth of grass &c. cleansing of drain
; ; ;

(oneself, one's feathers &c.) up or out into by flushing glow of light or colour rush of ; ;

fluffy mass (slang) blunder in theatrical part, blood to face, reddening caused by it hot fit in
; ;

[perh. modification of flue ] 2 fever freshness, vigour, [f. prec] ;

flu'id, a. & n. (Substance) consisting of par- flush 4 , a., & v.t. Full to overflowing, in
ticles that move freely among themselves & flood ; having plentiful supply of or
(usu. pred.)
yield to the slightest pressure (including gases, of money &c, money) abundant; even, in (of
liquids, & the assumed pervasive imponderable same plane, level with, without projections or
media of electricity &c.) moving readily, not ; raised edges. (Vb) level ; fill in (joint) level
solid or rigid, not stable liquid constituent or ; with surface, [prob. f. flush 2 ]
secretion. Hence flui'diFY v.t, flui'diTYn. flush 5 , n. Set of cards all of one suit. [cf. F
[f. F fluide f. ~Lfluidus (fluere flow, -id 1 )] & Sp. flux prob. f . L fluxi/s]
fluke 1 , n. Kinds of flat-fish, the flounder, flu'step, &
Confuse with drink,
v.t. i., & n.
(now rare) kinds of parasitic worm found in
; half-intoxicate flurry, make nervous be agi-; ;

sheep's liver kind of kidney potato. [OE floe

; tated, bustle ; (n.) flurry, flutter, agitation, [cf.
cf. ON floke, cogn. w. G flach flat] Icel. flaustr n.,flatistra v.]
fluke 2 , n. Broad triangular plate on arm of flu'stpa, n. (pi. -ae, -as). Sea-mat, polyzoic
anchor barbed head of lance, harpoon, &c.
; species resembling sea- weed, [arbitrary mod.L
(pi.) whale's tail. [perh. f. prec] coinage by Linnaeus]
&
fluke 3,*n., v.i. &t. (Make) lucky accidental flute, n., & v.i. & t. Musical wind-instrument,
 ;; ;

FLUTTER 316 FOCUS

long wooden pipe with holes along it stopped try how the wind blows, feel one's way by
by fingers or keys, & bl*w-hole in side near ballon d'essai) (of flag, hair, garment, Sec.)
;

upper end, whence flu*tiST(3) n. f. -player ; flutter, wave set or keep (flag) flying travel
; ;

organ stop with f.-like tone; semicylindrical swiftly, rush along, pass rapidly spring, start, ;

vertical groove in pillar, similar groove else- hasten, (/. to arms, take up arms eagerly ;/. in
where, e.g. in frills, whence flu'tiNG 1 ^) n. the face 1 of;f. at, upon, attack violently /. ;
(Vb) play f. ; whistle, sing, or speak, in f.-like into a passion, raptures, &c. /. out, burst into ;

tones play (air &c. on f

; make fF. or grooves ) .
; violent language or action) be driven or forced ;

in. [f. OF Jleiite, flaute, flahute, etym. dub.] off suddenly (made sparks /. send flying ; ;

flu'ttep, v.i. & t., & n. Flap wings, flap make the money /., spend quickly door flew ;

(wings), without flying or in short flights come ; open glass &c. flies, breaks in pieces) let f.,
; ;

or go with quivering motion (usu. to the discharge (missile), (abs.) shoot, hit, or use
ground) go about restlessly, flit, hover; quiver,
; strong language, at run away, flee, flee from ;

vibrate, (of pulse) beat feebly & irregularly (must f. the country) f.-away (of garments) ;

tremble with excitement, be agitated; move streaming, loose, neglige\ (of persons) flighty ;
(flag &c.) irregularly, agitate, ruffle ; throw f.-by-night, one who makes night excursions or
(person) into confusion or agitation. (N.) flut- decamps by night; f.-the-garter, kind of leap-
tering tremulous excitement (be, put, inaf.)
; frog. [com.-Teut. ; OE fieogan, cf. G fliegen ;
stir, sensation, (make a/.); (slang) gambling unconnected with ./fee]
venture, speculation. [OE flotorian frequent. fly , 3 Flying, distance flown, (on thef., on
n.
ci.jU.otan fleet 5 ] the wing, in motion) one-horse hackney-car- ;

flirty, a. Like flute in tone, soft & clear, [-v 2] riage lap on garment to contain or cover but-
;

flu'vial, a. Of, found in, river(s). [F, f. L tonholes, flap at entrance of tent ; part of flag
fluvialis (fluvius river, -al)] furthest from stafF, also its breadth from staff
flu'viatlle, a. Of, found in, produced by, to end (Theat. ; pi.) space over proscenium;
;

river(s). [F, f. hfluviatilis (prec, -atile)] speed-regulating device in clockwork machi- &
flvrvio-, comb, form of L Jluvius river, as nery f.-leaf, blank leaf at beginning or end of
;

fluvio-marine, fiuviometer. book, blank leaf of circular &c. flyman, driver ;

flux, n., v.i. & t. &

Morbid or excessive dis- of f. = carriage, man stationed in fF. of theatre to
charge of blood, excrement, &c, (formerly) work ropes &c; f. -wheel, heavy-rimmed on re-
dysentery flowing out, issue flowing inflow
; ; ; volving shaft to regulate machinery or accumu-
of tide (usu. /. reflux, often fig.) flood of & ; late power, [f. prec]
talk &c. continuous succession of changes (in
; fly 4, a. (slang). Knowing, wide-awake. [?]
a state off.) (Math.) continued motion (line is
; flyer, fli'ep, n. Bird &c. that flies (usu.
thef. of a point) ; (Physics) rate of flow of any high, poor, &c.,/.); animal, vehicle, &c, going
fluid across given area, amount crossing area with exceptional speed ; flying jump, [-er 1 ]
in given time substance mixed with metal &c. ; flying, a. In vbl senses ; also or esp. : mak-
to promote fusion. Vb) issue in a f., flow copi- ( ing movements like flight (f.-dog, kind of vam-
ously make fluid, fuse, treat with a fusing f.
; pire-bat ;/. Dutchman ;/. fish, kinds rising in-
[F, f. hfluxus (fluereflux- flow)] to air by wing-like pectoral fins ; /. fox, kinds
fiu'xion, n. Flowing (rare) continuous ; of fruit-eating bat ; /. man, airship navigator
change (rare) (Math.) rate or proportion at ; f. squirrel, kinds floating in air by skin connect-
which a flowing or varying quantity increases ing fore &
hind legs) ; hanging loose, fluttering,
its magnitude (method of ff., the Newtonian (/. jib, light sail set before jib on f. jib-boom
calculus). Hence flu'xionAL, flu'xionARV 1 , with f. colour l s) ; done or taken in passing
aa. [F, lifluxionem (fluereflux- flow, -ion)]
f. (/. jump, with running start ;/. handicap, mile.,
fly*, n. Two- winged insect (/. in amber, start, in which starting-post is passed at full
curious relic /. on wheel, person who over-; speed) ; passing, hasty, (f. visit) ; temporary
estimates his own influence break f. on wheel, ; (/. bridge) ; designed for rapid movement (f.
expend disproportionate energy hessian, ; squadron, column) ; /. buttress, slanting from
Spanish, tsetse, /.); kinds of plant-disease pier &c. to wall &
usu. carried on arch, [-ing 2]
caused by various fF. (a good deal off. exists) ; foal, n., v.t. i. & &
Young of horse, ass, &c,
natural or artificial f. used as fishing-bait ; /.- colt or filly, (in, with,f., pregnant) ; give birth
bane, kinds of plant, esp. catch !-f. & Plough- to (f.), give birth to f. [com.-Teut. ; OE fola,
man's spikenard f.-blow, (n.) f.'s egg in meat ; cf. Gfohlen, cogn. w. Gk. polos, Lpullus]
&c, (v.t.) deposit eggs in, taint, (f.-bloum, &
foam, n., v.i. Collection of small bubbles
tainted, lit. & fig.); f.-book, case for keeping formed in liquid by agitation, fermentation,
fishing-ff. in f. -catcher, trap for fF., kinds of
; &c. ; froth of saliva or perspiration ; (poet.) the
bird f.-fish (v.i.), fish with f.; f.-flap, for driv-
; sea. (Vb) emit f., froth at the mouth ; (of water
ing away ff. f.-net, net or fringe protecting
; &c) froth, gather f., run foaming along, down,
horse from ff.; f. -paper, for catching or poison- over, &c, pass off or away in f. ; (of cup &c.) be
ing fF. f.-trap, for catching ff., also kinds of
; filled with foaming liquor. Hence foa'mLESS,
plant esp. Venus' s f.-t., Dionaea f. -whisk, for 1

; foa'mY 2 aa. [vb f. n., OE/om cf. Gfeim]

,

driving away fF. [OE flioge, flyge, cf. Du. vlieg, fob n., & v.t. Small pocket for watch &c.
1
,
Gflirge, cogn. w. foil.] formerly made in waistband of breeches (vb) ;

fly 2, v.i. & t. (fiew,floum pr. -on is, has flown, ; put in one's pocket. [?]
f.,
see -ed!(2) fly is preferred in talk & ordinary
; fob 2, v.t. Cheat, take in ; palm (something
Srose for flee, but not flew or flown for fled). inferior) off upon (person) ; put (person) off
love through air with wings (/. high, be am- with (something inferior), [from 16th c. ; cf. G
bitious ; high-floion, exalted, turgid, bombastic foppen befool]
as the crow i flies ; the bird is flown, person fo'cal, Of, situated or collected at, a focus
a.
wanted has escaped ; often about, away, forth, (Opt.)/, distance or length, distance between
off, out) or in airship ; make (pigeon, hawk) f.; centre of mirror or lens its focus, [focus, -al] &
(Hawk.) soar by way of attack at (fig.,/, at fo'calize, v.t. = focus v.t. Hence focaliz-
higher game, have nobler ambitions) pass or ; a tion n. [prec, -ize]
-

rise quickly through air ; jump clear over or fo'cus, n. (pi. -ci pr. -si, -uses), & v.t. & i. (-s-,
over fence &c. make (kite) rise & stay aloft (/.
; -ss-). (Plane geom.) one of points froni which
a kite, raise money by accommodation bill, also distances to any point of given curve are con-
 ;;

FODDER 317 FOLK

nected by linear relation (Opt., Heat, &c.);
foi'son (-zn), n. (archaic). Plenty. [OF, f. L
point at which rays meet after reflection or re- fusionem (fundcrefus- pour, -ion, -son)]
fraction, point from which rays appear to pro- foist, v.t. Introduce surreptitiously or unwar-
ceed, point at which object must be situated for rantably into or in (adv.) palm (off) on or upon, ;

image given by lens to be well defined (in, out father (composition) upon. [orig. of palming
of, bring into,/.), focal length of lens, adjust- false die prob. f. Du. dial, vuisten take in the
;

ment or. eye or eyeglass necessary to produce hand (vuist fist)]

clear image; point to which sound-waves con- fold 1, n., & v.t. (Usu. sheep-f.) enclosure for
verge principal seat (of disease, activity, &c). sheep (fig.) church, body of believers. (Vb)
; ;

(Vb) converge, make converge, to af.; adjust shut up (sheep &c.) in f.; place sheep in f. or ff.
f. of (lens, eye); bring into f. [L,= hearth] on (land) to manure it. [OE fald, cf. Du. vaalt;
fo'dder, n., & v.t. Dried food, hay, straw, unconnected w. foil.]
&c, for stall-feeding cattle ; hence fo'dder- fold 2 , v.t. & i., & n. Double (flexible thing)
less a. (Vb) give f. to. [OE fodor, cf. Du. voe- over upon itself (also in, over, together ; /. up,
der, Gfutter,f. Aryan pat- feed] make more compact by folding) bend portion ;

foe (fo), n. (poet. Sec). Enemy, adversary, op- of (thing) back, down become, be capable of ;

ponent, ill-wisher foeman (archaic), enemy in being, folded (folding door or doors, of two
;

war. [OE f ah adj. & gefd noun f OTeut. faiho-, valves hung on opposite jambs) wind, clasp,
. ;

gafaiho-, cogn. w. Gk pikros bitter] (arms &c.) about, round lay together & inter- ;

foetus (fe-), fe'tus, n. Fully developed em- lace (arms), clasp (one's hands) swathe, enve- ;

bryo in womb or egg. Hence f(o)e*tAL a., lop, (/. it in paper hills folded in mist) ; em- ;

f(o)e*ticiDE(2) n. [L fetus -us offspring] brace in arms or to breast. (N.) doubling of

tog 1 , n., & v.t. Aftermath; long grass left folded object hollow between two thicknesses ;

standing in water. (Vb) leave (land) under f.; (carried it in af. of her dress), hollow or nook
feed (cattle) on f. [from 14th c.; etym. dub.l in mountain &c; coil of serpent, string, &c;
fogf 2, n., &
v.t. & i. Vapour suspended in at- folding (another f. gives S2mo): line made by
mosphere at or near earth's surface, obscurity folding. [com.-Teut.; n. f. vb, OE fealdan, cf.
caused by this (in a /., puzzled, at a loss) ab- G fatten, also Gk (di)plasios double, & Gkpleko,
;

normal darkened state of atmosphere*; (Photog.) L plicare, plait]

cloud on developed plate f.-bow, like rainbow;
-fold, suf. (OE feald cf. Du. -voud, G -fait) ;

produced by light on f.; f.-horn, sounding in- cogn. w. fold 2 Gk -paltos, -plasios, -plo- in , &
strument for warning ships in f.; f.-signal, de- haplos single, & prob. L -plex (simplex &c.)
tonator placed on railway line in f. to guide added to cardinals to form adjj. w. sense mul-
driver. ( Vb) envelop (as) with f bewilder, per- tiplied by (orig. sense folded in
. ; plaited in —
plex (Gardening) die off from damp (Photog.)
; strands). ;
—
Now largely superseded by wds
,

make (negative) obscure or cloudy (Railway) f. L in -We, -pie, (treble, quadruple), but retain-
;

f)lace f.-signals on line, whence fo•fi^g^ER n. ed in the advl use (repaid tenfold),
,
in adjj. &
prob. back-formation f. foggy from 16th c] when there is a plurality of things more or less
;

fo'ggy, a. Thick, murky ; of, like, infested different (a twofold charm).

with, fog 2 ; obscure, dull, confused, (has only fd'ldep, n. In vbl senses ; esp. paper-folding :

a f. idea of it) ; beclouded, indistinct. Hence instrument (pi.) folding eyeglasses, [er J ] ;

fo'ggihY 2 adv., fo'g'giNESS n. [earlier senses, folia'ceous(-shus), a. Leaf -like ; with organs
covered with coarse grass, boggy, flabby prob. ;
like leaves of leaves laminated, [f. L folia-
; ;

f fog *, fog 2 being formed f foggy]

. . ceus (folium leaf, -aceous)]
fo'grle, n. (thieves'slang). Silk handkerchief. [?] fd'liage (-ej), n. Leaves, leafage, (lit., or as
fo'g-y, -gey(-g-), n. (Usu. oldf.) old-fashioned represented in art ;/. leaf, excluding petals &c.
fellow, old man behind the times. Hence fo*- /. plant, cultivated for f., not for flowers).
g(e)yDOM, fo'gryiSM, nn., fo'gyiSH 1 a. [perh. Hence (-)foliagTED 2 a. [f. F feuillage (feuillt
var. of foggy in obs. sense moss-groum] leaf f. L folia leaves, -age) corrected on L]
Fohn (G), n. Hot southerly wind in the Alps. fd'liar, a. Of leaves, [f. ~L folium leaf, -ar 1 ]
[G, perh. f. L Favonius] fo'liate l (-at), a. Leaflike having leaves ;

foi'ble, n. Weak point, weakness of character, having specified number of leaflets (1, 6, &c, -/.).
quality on which one mistakenly prides oneself; [f. Lifoliatus (folium leaf, -ate 2 )]
(Fenc. )part of sword-blade from middle to point. fo'liate 2, v.i. & t. Split (intr.) into laminae;
[F, obs. form otfaible feeble] decorate (arch, door-head) with foils number ;

foil 1 , n., &

v.t. (Arch.) arc or space between leaves (not pages) of (volume) consecutively.
cusps of window (vb, ornament with fF., as foil- So folLvxiON n. [f. L folium leaf, -ate 3 ]
ed arch) metal hammered or rolled into thin
; fo'lio, n. (pi. -os). Leaf of paper, parchment,
sheet (usu. gold, tin, &c, -/.) ; sheet of this, or &c, numbered only on front (Bookkeep.) two ;

now amalgam of tin &

quicksilver, placed be- opposite pages of ledger &c. used concurrently,
hind mirror-glass, backing leaf of it placed ; page of ledger &c.used for both sides of account;
under precious stone &c. to brighten or colour page-number of printed book number of words ;

it or enhance its brightness by contrast (vb, (72 or 90) taken as unit in reckoning length of
supply with this); anything that sets something document sheet of paper folded once (inf., of
;

off by contrast ( vb, set offthus). [OF, f. Lfolium books on such paper), volume made of such
leaf cogn. w. Gk phullon] sheets, largest-sized volume, (also attrib., a f.
foil 2 , v.t. & i., n. &
(Hunt.) run overor cross book, in six volumes f). [L, abl. of folium leaf
(scent, ground) so as to baffle hounds (also abs. (abl. f. use in reff., = on leaf 50 &c.)]
of deer &c, spoil the scent thus) beat off, re- ; fd'liole, n. Division of compound leaf, leaflet.
pulse, frustrate, parry, baffle. (N.) Track of [F, f. hfoliolum dim. of folium leaf]
hunted animal (run, run upon, thef, over same folk (fok), n. (Archaic) a people, nation, race ;
track a second time) (archaic) repulse, defeat,
; (pi., the sing, being archaic or dial.) people in
check, [f. OFfoulerixdl cloth, trample, (Lfullo general, people of specified class, (now being
fuller)] ousted by people) ; folk-, of the people (chiefly
foil 3, n. Blunt-edged sword with button on in compounds imitated f. German, asf.-custom,
point used in fencing, [etym. dub.; perh. f. -song ; f. -etymology, perversion of word's form
prec. in sense parry orf. ohs.foin thrust (&=
; to make it significant \f.-lore, traditional be-
foil in 17th c.) f. OF/or"?ie f. L/uscma fish-spear] liefs &c, study of these). [OE folc, cf. G voVc\
 ;; ;

FOLLICLE 318 FOOT

fo'lliele, n. Small sac or vesicle ; cocoon. So af. to, be nothing in comparison with play ;

folli'culAR i, folli'culated [-ate 2], aa. [f. L thef, blunder, trifle f.'s bolt is soon shot, his
;

folliculus (follis bellows, -culk)] stock of argument is soon exhausted man is ;

fo'llo w, v. t. i. & &

n. Go or come after (mov-
, f. or physician at thirty, sensible man needs no
ing thing or person /. the hounds, hunt /. my ; ; doctor) jester, clown, in medieval great house
;

leader, game in which each player must do as (play thef, indulge in buffoonery) dupe (make ;

leader does ; /. one's nose, leave one's route to
chance ;/. the plough, be ploughman) go along
(path); come after in order or time accompany,
serve go after as admirer ; result from, be the
;
a f of; be af.for one's pains, take trouble to
; no end; All Fools' day, 1st April; April /.,
; person taken in or sent on f.'s errand on that
day send, go, on f.'s errand, fruitless one;/.'s
;

necessary consequence of, be involved in, {trade mate 1 f.'s paradise, illusory happiness) f's-
; ;

follows the flag) strive after, aim at treat or

; ; cap, foolscap, cap with bells worn by medieval
take as guide or master, obey, espouse opinions jester, dunce's conical paper cap, watermark of
or cause of conform to (/. suit), act upon, take
; some 17th-c. paper, long folio writing or printing
as rule practise (profession &c. f. the sea, be
; ; paper 15-17 x 12-132 in. hence foo*lERY(4, 5),
;

sailor) keep up with mentally, grasp the mean-

; foolo'CRAcr, nn„ foo'liSH 1 a., foo'lishLY 2
ing of, (argument, speaker) go or come after ;
adv., foo'lishNESS n. (Vb) play the f., idle,
person or thing (/. in his steps f. in the tuake ;
trifle, (also about &, U.S., around) cheat (per- ;

of) come next in order, as his arguments are

; son) out of money &c. or into doing, get (money
as follows (not follow); happen after something &c.) by cajolery out of person throw (time, ;

else, ensue result, be deducible,(i£ follows that

; money) away foolishly make a f. of, dupe, ;

he was not there) (Cricket, of side)/, on, go in

;
play tricks on. [f. OF fol f L follis bellows in .

again out of turn after getting less than oppo-
nents by certain number (n., doing of this) ; /.
out, pursue to the end /. tip, pursue steadily,
add another blow &c. to (previous blow &c),
(Footb. &c.) keep near (player with) ball to
support ; (n., Billiards) stroke causing player's
ball to roll on after o*bject-ball, motion so given.
pop. LL sense windbag, empty-headed person]
fool 2, n. Creamy liquid of fruit stewed,
; crushed, & mixed with milk, cream, &c. (esp.
gooseberry f). [prob. f. prec]
foo'lhapdy, a. Foolishly venturesome, de-
lighting in needless risks. Hence foo'lhapdi-
ness n. [f. OF fol hardi (fool 1 hardy)] ,

\0~Etfolgian, cf. G folgen perh. cogn. w. full 1 ] foot \ n. (pi. feet). Termination of leg begin-
fo'llower, n. In vbl senses esp. adherent, ; : ning at ankle (find x one's feet) step, pace, ;

disciple; man courting maidservant, [-er 1 ] tread, (sivift of f. ; has a light f.) infantry ;

following' 1 , n. In vbl senses ; also, body of (the hth f. or regiment off. f. -soldier a cap- ; ;

adherents, followers, [-ing 1 ] tain off. /. ; &

horse) lower end of bed, grave,
;

fo'llowing* 2, a. In vbl senses esp., now to ; couch, &c. (opp. head), part of stocking &c.
be mentioned (also as pron. sing, or pi., the f. covering f. ; metrical unit with varying number
are noteworthy), [-ing 2] of syllables one of which is accented ; lineal
fo'lly, n. Being foolish, want of good sense, measure of 12in. (IQfeet long; a ten-f. pole sixf. ;

unwise conduct ; foolish act, idea, or practice, or feet three ; see also square a., cubic) ; lower
ridiculous thing ; costly structure (considered) usu. projecting part, base ; (Zool.) kinds of loco-
useless (usu. with originator's name, 's F.).
— motive or adhesive organ in invertebrates;
[f. OF folie (fol mad, see fool 1 ); last sense (Bot.) part by which petal is attached, root of
perh. starts f. F use of folie = favourite abode] hair ; lowest part, bottom, of hill, ladder, wall,
fome'nt, v.t. Bathe with warm or medicated list, page, class, &c. ; dregs, oil refuse, coarse
lotions, apply warmth to ; foster, stimulate, or sugar, (pi. foots). Phrr. have onef. in grave, :

instigate (sentiment, conduct, sedition, &c), be near death ; (ivith one's) feet foremost, being
whence fome'ntER n. [f. Ffomenter f. LL/o- 1 carried to burial ; find, know, length of one's f,
mentare f. Jjfomentum (fovere cherish, -ment)] learn his weaknesses, be able to manage him ;
fomentation, n. In vbl senses ; esp., (appli- measure another's /. by one's own last, judge
cation of) warm flannels &c. for fomenting others by oneself ; on one's feet, standing, in
purposes, [f. LL fomentatio (prec, -ation)] health, with a livelihood ; carry one off his feet,
fond, a. Foolishly credulous or sanguine make him enthusiastic, greatly excite ; fall l
over-affectionate, doting ; tender, loving ; /. of, on one's feet ; keep one's feet, not fall ; put one's
full of love for, much inclined to. Hence fo*nd- /. down, take up firm position (fig.) ; put one's
ly 2 adv., fcrndNESS n. [p.p. of obs. fon be- /. in it, blunder; best 1 /.; f.'s pace, walk;
come insipid] change 1 /, or feet at one's feet, as his disciple, ;

fo'ndant, n. Kind of sweetmeat. [F (fondre subject, or suppliant ; ^areBALL 1 at one's feet;

melt f. hftindere pour, -ant)] with foal at /., of mare that has foaled ; onf.,
&
fo'ndle, v.t. i. Caress; toy amorously (with, walking, not riding &c, also in motion (set
together), [f. obs. fond vb (fond), -le(3)] agitation, movement, &c. on f, start it), busy,
font, n. Receptacle for baptismal water re- projected, proceeding ; tread under f, oppress ;

ceptacle for holy water ; oil-reservoir of lamp, wet &c. under f, on the ground. F.-&-mouth
[f. L. fons -tis fountain in eccl.L sense] (disease), kind of fever esp. in horned cattle;
fo'ntal, a. Primary, original, of the fountain- football, large round or elliptical inflated ball,
head; baptismal, [f. med.L. fontalis (prec.,-AL)] game played with it, footballer, player at this
fontane'l(ie), n. Membranous space in in- f.-bath, washing of feet, small bath used for this;
fant's head at adjacent anglesof parietal bones. footboard, footman's platform at carriage-back,
[F (4le), dim. of fontaine fountain] board for getting in or out of carriage by, sloped
food, n. Victuals, nourishment, provisions, board for driver's feet ; footboy, page, boy ser-
(be f. for worms, dead; bef. for fishes, drowned; vant in livery; f. -bridge, -path, -road, -way, &c,
/. for powder, soldiers) ; edibles (/. drink) &
for f. -passengers only ; /. -drill, -pump, &c,
particular kind of f. nutriment of plants ; ma- worked by or with help of f. ; footfall, sound
;

terial for the mind (mental, intellectual, f. ; f. of footstep; footguards, Coldstream, Grena-
for thought or meditation) ; f. -stuff, thing used dier, Scots Fusilier Guards ; f.-hill, lying at &
asf. Hencefoo'dLESSa. [OE fodai. Tent, fad-, base of mountain ; foothold, support for feet,
fod-, f. Aryan pat- whence Gk pateomai feed] surface for standing on ; footlights, row of
fool \ n., v.i. t. & &
Silly person, simpleton, lights in front of stage screened from audience;
person whose conduct one disapproves of, (be footman, infantry-man, liveried servant for
 ;;:
;;
; ;;;
.

FOOT 319 FORBIDDING

carriage, door, &
table ; /.-mark, footprint reverse (they live f. each other; can shift f.
/.-muff, for keeping feet warm ;f.-note, inserted myself; things look badf you it is badf. him ;

at f. of page ; f.-pace, walking pace, dais ; foot- to s?noke & hence /. with noun or pron.
; &
pad, unmounted highwayman ; f.-page, boy infin. as neutral noun-phrase = Latin ace. &
servant; f.-pan, for washing feet ;/. -passenger, inf., it is wicked f. him to smoke, it is usual f.
one who walks, not rides or drives ; f. -plate, hats to be warn = that hats should be worn) in ;

driver's and fireman's platform in locomotive the character of, as, as being, (hold itf. certain ;
f. -pound, quantity of energy that will raise 1 lb. mistaken f. him; be hanged f. a pirate; takef.
to height of 1 ft; footprint, impression left by f .
granted If. one do not believe it; did itf. the
;

/.-race, running-match between persons;/. -rot, second time f. good) by reason, under "influ-
; ;

disease of f. in sheep cattle ; f.-nde, rigid & ence, because, on account, of (did it f. pure
measure 1ft long; footsore, having sore feet, wantonness avoid it f. fear of accidents I
; ;

esp. with walking; footstalk, (Bot.) stalk of tremble f. him; notorious f. parsimony do it ;

leaf or peduncle of flower, (Zool.) attachment f. my sake ; fie f. shame ! ; alas f. him !) in ;

of barnacle &c. ; footstep, tread, footprint, {fol- spite of (/. all that,/, all you say, f. all he seems
low in one's footsteps, do as he did) ; f. -stone, to dislike me, I still like him) on account of ;

foundation stone, stone at foot of grave ; foot- the hindrance of (were it not, but, except, f. one
stool, for resting feet on ; footicarmer, thing to thing I might be happy) corresponding to, in ;

warm feet, esp. flat hot- water tin used in rail- contrast w ith, (/. one enemy he has a hundred
way carriages. Hence (-)footED 2 foo't- , friends bulk/, bidk, taking equal bulk of each;
;

less, aa. [Aryan ; OE fot, cf. Gfuss, Skr. pad, word f. word, literally, verbatim); so far as
Gkjpous podos, hpes pedis] concerns, regarding, (/. the rest f. my part ;

foot 2 , v.i. & t. F. it, dance, (rare) pace, go f. all, aught, I know; hard up f. money; icants
set f. on, traverse on f., (rare); put new f. to f. nothing) considering, making the allowance
;

(stocking) add up or up (account) pay (bill)

; ;
required by, the usual nature of (ahumaneman
(of bill, items, &c.) mount up to. [f. prec] f. an executioner very binghtf. a winter day);
;

fdb'tep, n. (slang). The game football. [-ER l ] during, over, to the extent of, (has been so f.
fdb'ting", n. Placing of feet, foothold ; sur- months walkf. two miles; made comfortable
;

face for standing on, secure position, (lit. & fig. ); f. life,f. the present; left him alone f. once) /. ;

conditions, relations, position, status, in which
person is towards others, degree of intimacy
&c. ; entrance on new position, admittance to
trade, society, &c, (only in pay for or pay
one's /., i. e. a customary fee for it) projecting
course at foot of wall &c. ; (reckoning of) sum
all the world, exactly (looked f. a. t. w. like a
porpoise). 2. Conj. (introducing new sentence
or series of sentences containing proof of or
reason for believing what has been previously
;
stated) seeing that, since, in order to be con-
vinced of this observe or remember that . .

total of column of figures &c. [foot 2 + -ing *] [prob. shortened f fore 2] .

foo'tle, v.i., & n. (slang). Trifle, play the fool fop-,pref. formerly very common, but remain-
hencefdb-tliNG 2 a. (X.) twaddle, folly. [?] ing only in some dozen common words. Mean-
foo'zle, v.t., & n. (slang, esp. golf). Do clum- ings (1) away, off, apart, (/or&j/, forget,forgive);
:

sily, bungle, make a mess of; (n. clumsy failure, ) (2) prohibition (forbid,forfend); (3) abstention,
[cf. G dial, fuseln work badly or slowly] neglect, (forbear, forgo, forsake, forsicear)
fop, n. Dandy, exquisite, vain man. Hence (1) bad effect (fordo) (5) excess, intensity, (for-
;

fo'pLiNG J (2), fo*ppERY(4, 5), nn., fo'ppiSH 1 a., lorn, forpine, forworn). [OE/or-,/ser-, cf G ver-, .

fo'ppishLY 2 adv., fo'ppishNESS n. [?] cogn. w. Gk peri, pro, para, & L per, pro]
fop (for, fo-r, ier, according to position or fo'page (-ij), n., & v.t. & i. Food for horses
emphasis required), prep. & conj. 1. Prep. & cattle, esp. for horses in army ; foraging (on
Representing, in place of, in exchange against, thef. Sec.) f. -cap, infantry undress cap. (Vb)
;

as price or penalty of, in requital of, (sits /., collect f. from, ravage search for f. or (fig.)/or ;

member /., Liverpool once f. all, instead of ; anything, rummage ; supply with f get by for- . ;

many repetitions, finally ; substituted f. agent ; aging so fo'pagep [-ier] n. [f. OF fourrage(v)
;

f.; got it f. 2d. thrashed f. his pairis) in de-

; ; (feurre f. Rom. *fodro f. Teut. see fodder)]
fence or support or favour of, on side of, (take fopa'men, n. (pi. -mina). Orifice, hole, pass-
my word f. it, be assured hurrah f. person or ; age, (esp. in Anat., Zool., Bot.). Hence fopa*-
thing amf. tariff-reform) with a view to, in
; ; minATE 2 -ated, aa. [L (forare bore, -men)]
,

order to be, conducive(ly) to, (go f. a walk forasmu'eh as, conj. Seeing that, since.
went/, a soldier is, did it, f. her good ;f. sale, [-for as much as]
;

to be sold) ; to get, win, or save (send, go, f. a f6*pay, n., & v.i. (Go on, make) incursion,
cab would not do it f. the icorld not paid f.
; raid, inroad. [f^Rom. *fodj'o (forage)]
;

play f. penny points was tried f. his life fop'beap x (bar also -bar"), n. (usu. pi.). An-
; ;

cannot do it f. the life of me run f. it) to cestors). [fore 2 + obs. beer (be, -er 1 )]
; ;

reach, arrive at, be received by, or belong to forbear* 2 (-bar), v.t. & i. (-bore, -borne). Ab-
[left, sailed, f. India ; made f. shelter go f. stain or refrain from or from not use or men- ; ;

slang, attack getting on f. two o'clock bought tion

;
be patient. Hence fopbeap'ANXE n..
; ;

gowns f. the maids ; icon a namef. himself) fopbeap'ing'LY 2 adv. [for-(3), bear 2 ]
(after vbs, adjj., nn., & interjections, of emotion, fopbi'd, v.t. (-bad or -bade -bidden). Com- ;

faculty, or fitness after adjj. & advv. with too, mand (person &c.) not to do, (person etc.) not to
;

enough after expressions implying fitness &c.) go to (place), not allow (person &c. something
;

as regards, in the direction of, (don't care f. person or thing to exist or happen), (/. him to go,
games a longing f. praise Jit f. nothing him the court, him wine f. gladiators, bull-
; ; ;

ready f. dinner ohf. wings ! now f. it! too fights; teasforbidden wine); (of circumstances,
; ; ;

beautiful f. words; good enough f. me; timef. hindrance, &c.) exclude, prevent, make unde-
school is not longf. this world, will soon die
; sirable, (Godf.!, may it not happen !) forbidden- ; ;

nothing f. it but to submit, submission the only or prohibited degrees forbidden fruit, thing ;

course, open is the manf. the job it is f. you desired because not allowed. [OE forbiodan
; ;

to make the move the motive f. retreating) ;see for-(2), bid] ;

with the result, at the cost, to the amount, of fopbi'dding , a. Repellent, of uninviting ap- 1

(all out for UU 150 f. 6 toiekets drew on himf. Searance. Hence fopbi'ddingTA' 2 adv., fop-
; ;

£100) to affect, as affecting, beneficially or the

; li'ddingNESS n. [-ing 2 ]
 ;;

FORBY 320 FOREGATHER

fopby(e)*, prep. & adv. (Sc. & archaic). Be- fOP'dLESS, aa. [cf. G/urt ; cogn. w. fare, also
sides not to mention in addition. [for-(1) +
; ; w. L portus port J ]
by; cf. G vorbei] fordo* (-00), v.t. (archaic -did, -done pr. dun). ;

force ^n. Strength, power, impetus, violence, Kill, destroy, spoil (p.p.) exhausted, tired out. ;

intense effort; military strength body of armed [OE/ordon see for-(4), do ;

1
]

men, army, (pi.) troops; body of police (the /., fore a. & n. Situated in front (opp. hind, 1
,

the police) strength exerted on an object, coer-

; back, aft). (N.) f. part, bow of ship (Naut.) ;

cion, (by f., by compulsion) mental or moral ; at the/., on the f. -royal mast-head to the/., on ;

strength influence, controlling power, efficacy,

;
the spot, ready to hand, available, alive, (re-
power to convince, vividness of effect, (the/, of cently) conspicuous (come to the/, take leading
circumstances brought it about there is /. in ; part), [developed f. compounds w. fore-]
tchat you say described with much/.) (loose ; fope 2, adv. & prep. (Adv.) in front (still in/.
& aft, at bow & stern, all over ship,backwards.&
;

use) desirability, good sense, (cant see the /. of

doing what one dislikes ); binding power, vali- forwards or lengthwise in ship ;f.-&-aft rigged,
dity, (law remains in, comes into,/. put in/., ; having f.-&-aft sails, i.e. sails set lengthwise,
enforce) real import, precise meaning (Phy-
; ; not to yards, as chief sails; f.-dt-aft cap, with
sics) measurable and determinable influence peak at each end); (prep.) in presence of (in
inclining body to motion, intensity of this, (for- adjurations) as /. George=by George, [com.-
merly) kinetic energy (conservation o/ f. or Teut.; OE fore, cf. G vor, cogn. w. L pro, prae,
energy), (formerly) cause of any class of phy- per, Gk pro, para, peri prep, often mistakenly
;

sical phenomena, e.g. of heat or motion, con- fore as though short for before]
ceived as inherent in matter, (fig.) agency fore 3 , int. (golf), warning people in front of
likened to these (considers himself a /. in the stroke, [prob. for before|
world) by /. of. by means of (Mil.) in /., in
; ; fope-, pref. freely used with vbs, their par-
large numbers in great/., vigorous, fit, lively
; ticipial adjectives, vblnouns, & nouns of action;
/.-pump, that forces water beyond range of at- also with other nouns. Meanings with vbs &c:
mospheric pressure. Hence fbP'ceLESS a. [F, (1) in front (forerunner) (2) beforehand, in ad-
;

f. pop. L */ortia (Lifortis strong)] vance, (foreordain). Meanings with nouns

force 2 , v.t. Use violence to, ravish; con- other than verbal or of action (3) in front, :

strain, compel, (/. one's hand, compel him to front-, (forequarter); (i) front part of (forearm);
act prematurely or adopt policy unwillingly), (5) of, near, or towards stem of ship or con-
put strained sense upon (words), (Whist) com- nected w. foremast (forecastle) (6) anticipatory, ;

pel (player) to trump or reveal his strength, com- precedent, (foreknoivledge). [see fore 2]
pel player to play (certain card); compel (person) fope'apm 1 , n. Arm from elbow to wrist or
to do, into doing, or into specified action strain ; finger-tips; corresponding part in foreleg or
to the utmost, urge, (/. the pace or running, wing. [fore-(4)]
adopt high speed in race to tire adversary out fopeap'm 2, v.t. Arm beforehand. [fore-(2)]
quickly ; so/, the bidding at auction /. one's ;
fopebo'de (ter-), v.t. Predict (rare) betoken, ;

voice, strain to get notes beyond usual compass portend have presentiment of (usu. evil) or
;

forced march, requiring special effort /orced
draught 1 /. the game, run risks to score
;
quickly; /. an analogy, simile, &c, apply it too
closely, run it to death) overpower, capture,
make way through, break open, (stronghold,
defences, pass, lock, door) by f. drive, propel
impose, press, (thing) upon person (/. a card,
in conjuring, make one choose a particular card
unconsciously) effect, produce, by effort (/. a
; vb is derived f. foil.]
smile, make oneself smile /. one's way, a pass-
age) take by f., extort, wring, (/. it out o/ his
; conjectural estimate of something future, esp.
hands; /orced loan; /. tears from his eyes, the
/acts out of him) artificially hasten the ma-
turity of (plant, scholar). Hence fop'eedLY 2
; that. Hence fopebo'dingLY 2 adv. [fore-(2)]
fopebo'ding', n. Prediction (rare), presage
or omen, presentiment, (esp. of evil), [-ing x ]
; fope*-ea*bin, n. Cabin in forepart of ship,
usu. for second-class passengers. [fore-(5)]
; fopeca'st \ v.t. (forecast or -ed, see in etym.).
Estimate, conjecture, beforehand. [fore-(2)4-
cast 1 '^forecasted depends on mistaken assump-
tion that the
;
forecast-, n. Foresight, prudence, (rare);
of coming weather, [f. prec]
; forecastle (fo'ksl), fo'c'sle, n. (Hist.) short
raised deck at bow (in war-ship) part of upper
;

adv. [f. ¥ forcer (prec.)l deck forward of after-shroud (in merchant- ;

force 3 , n. (northern). Waterfall, [f. ON/ors] ship) forward part under deck where sailors
fOP*ceful,a. (Archaic or literary or affected live, [fore-(o)]
for) forcible. Hence foP'cefulLY 2 adv., fop'ce- fopeelo'se (-z), v.t. i. &
Bar, preclude, pre-
fulNESS n. [-FUL] vent, shut out from enjoyment of; (Mortgage
force majeure
(mahzher"), n. Irresistible Law) bar (person entitled to redeem) upon non-
compulsion, coercion diplomatically recognized payment of money due, bar (right of redemp-
as irresistible. [F] tion), take away power of redeeming (mort-
fop'ee-meat, n. Meat chopped, spiced, & gage), whence fopeelo'SURE n. ; settle (argu-
seasoned for stuffing, [f. obs. force corruption able point &c.) by anticipation, [f. Fforclore
of farce 2 ] (OF for out f. L forts, close 3 )]
fop'eeps, n. sing. & pi. Surgical pincers; fope'eoupt, n. Enclosed space before build-
(Anat., Entom., Zool.) organ resembling f., ing, outer court. [fore-(3)]
whence foP'cipATE [L (genit. -ipis)] 2 a. fope'fathep, n. Ancestor (0 ur &c. ff. earlier ,

fop'cible, a. Done by, involving, force ; tell- generations). [fore-(6)]

ing, vivid, convincing, (of acts, words, style. forefinger, n. Finger next thumb (also
artist, &c.) ;/.-/eeble, disguising feebleness un- called first or index finger). [fore-(3)]
der show of force. Hence fop'eibleNESS n., fope'foot, n. One of beast's front feet:
fop'cibL y 2 adv. [OF (force 1 -ible)] , (Naut.) foremost piece of keel, course in front
fop'eite, n. An explosive, [force 1 -ite 1 (2)] , of this (crossing our/). [fore-(3, 5)]
fOPd, n. , & v. t. & i. Shallow place where river fope'fpont, n. Very front, foremost part,
&c.may be crossed by wading vb) cross (water), ; ( van, (in the/ o/the battle). [fore-(3)J
cross water, by wading. Hence fop'dABLE, foregather. See forgather.
For words in /ore- not given see fore-.
 . ;

FOREOIFT 321 FOREWOMAN

fopegift, n. (law). Premium for lease. fore'plane, n. First plane used after saw or
[FORE-(t))] axe. [fore-(6)]
forego* 1
, v.t. & i. (-went, -gone pr. -gawn). fope-pea'en, v.i. & t. Shoot ahead ;
gain
Precede in place or time (foregoing, previously upon, pass. [fore-(I)]
mentioned) foregone conclusion, decision or
; fope-Ptrn, v.t. (-nn- ; -ran, -run). Be pre-
opinion come to in advance of the evidence or cursor of, foreshadow. Hence fopepvrnnER l
necessary facts, prejudice, result that can be or (l,2)n. [FORE-(l)]
could have been foreseen. [fore-(2)J foresail (-si, -sal), n. Principal sail on fore-
fopego 2. See forgo. mast (lowest square sail, or triangular before
forego'ep, n. Predecessor. [fore-(1)j mast). [fore-(5)J
foreground, n. Part of view, esp. in pic- foresee*, v.t. (-saw, -seen). See beforehand,
ture, nearest observer; most conspicuous have prescience of, (noun, or that) exereise ;

position. [fore-(3)] foresight (obs. exc. in fopesee'iNG 2 a., fope-

forehand, n. &
Part of horse before
a. see'ingLY 2 adv.). [fore-(2)]
rider ; (adj., of stroke at tennis &c.) not back- foresha'dow, v.t. Prefigure, serve as type
handed. [fore-(3)J or presage of. [fore-(2)]
forehead (fo'red), n. Part of face above eye- fore-sheets, n. pi. Inner part of bows of
brows & between temples. [OE forMafod see boat with gratings for bowman, [fore-(o)]
FORE-(i), HEAD *] fope'shore, n. Part of shore between high
fo'peign (-rin), a. Belonging to, proceeding & low water marks, or between water & land
from, other persons or things alien from or to, ; cultivated or built on. [fore-(4)]
irrelevant, dissimilar, or inappropriate, to in- ; fopeshop'ten, v.t. Cause, show in drawing
troduced from outside (esp. /. body or substance &c, the apparent shortening due to visual per-
in the tissues &c); situated outside, coming spective. [fore-(D]
from another district, parish, society, &c; out- foreshow, v.t. (p.p. -shoic-n). Foretell fore- ;

side the country, not in one's own land of, in, ; shadow, portend, prefigure. [OE foresctawian
characteristic of, coming from, dealing with, see fore-(I),show]
some country not in the United Kingdom or foresight, n. Foreseeing, prevision care ;

English-speaking colonies (/., colonial, home & for the future ; front sight of gun. [fore-(2, 3) J
trade ; /. parts, countries F. Office, depart- ; fopeskin, n. Prepuce. [fore-(3)]
ment for r. affairs or its building /. letter- ; n., & v.t.
fd'pest, Large tract covered with
paper, thin to reduce postage). Hence trees &
undergrowth sometimes mixed with
fo*peigniSM(2, 4) n., fo*peigniZE(3) v.t. & i. pasture, trees growing in it (lit, & fig. as af. of
If. OF forain (hforis outside, -an)] masts) ; (with proper name prefixed) district
fo'peignep, n. Person born in foreign coun- formerly f but now cultivated, as Sherwood F. ;
.

try or speaking foreign language foreign ship,
imported animal or article, [-er *]
fopeju'dge, v.t. Judge or determine before
hearing the evidence. [fore-(2)]
foreknow (forno"), v.t. (-knew, -known).
Know beforehand, have prescience of. So
fOPeKNOW 'ledge r
fd'pel, fo'ppel, Vellum-like parchment
fortovering account-books. [OF forrel dim. of
forre sheath]
fope'land (-and), n. Cape, promontory strip
of land in front of something. [fore-(3)]
foreleg, Beast's front leg. [fore- (3)]
n.
fopeloek 1 Lock of hair growing just
, n.
; (Law) unenclosed woodland district kept for
hunting usu. owned by sovereign; f.-tree, of
large growth fitted for f. ; (vb) plant with trees,
convert into f. [OF, f. med.L forestis (silva
wood) outside (walls of park) f. hforis outside]
forestall (-awl), v.t. (Hist.) buy up (goods)
n. [fore-(2)] in order to profit by enhanced price ; be before-
n. hand with in action, anticipate and so baffle
deal with before the regular time, anticipate,
[f. OE
foresteall n. ambush, see fore-(6), stall]
; fopestay, n. Stay from foremast-head to
bowsprit-end ; sail hoisted on this, [fore-(o)]
fo'pestep, n. Officer in charge of forest, or
of growing timber ; dweller in forest bird or ;

above forehead (take time, occasion, &c, by the beast of forest, e. g. New-Forest pony ; kinds of
f., not let chance slip). [fore-(3)] moth. [f. OF forestier (forest, -ier)]
fopeloek 2» n., & v.t. Wedge put through fd'pestpy, n. Wooded country, forests %
hole in bolt to keep it in place ; (vb) secure thus.
science &
art of managing forests, [f. OF"
[fore-(3), lock 2J foresterie (forest, -ery)]
fope'man, n. President & spokesman of fopetaste 1 , n. Partial enjoyment or suffer-
jury ; principal workman superintending ing of in advance, anticipation. [fore-(2)]
others (working /., one who both works & fopeta'ste 2 , v.t. Taste beforehand, antici-
supervises). [fore-(3)] pate enjoyment &c. of. [fore-(2)]
foremast (-ma-), n. Forward lower mast of foretell, v.t. (-^old). Predict, prophesy ; pre-
ship (/. man, seaman, hand, sailor below rank sage, be precursor of. [fore-(2)j
of petty officer), [fore-(o)] forethought, n. Previous contriving, de-
foremost (-ost, -ost), a. & adv. superl. Most liberate intention ;
provident care. Ifore-(6)]
advanced in position, front, (head, end, &c.,/., foretime, n. The past, early days, old
with head &c. in front); most notable, best, times. [fore-(6)]
chief ; (adv.) before anything else in position, in fope*token l
, n. Sign of something to come,
the first place (usu. first /.). [OE formest & prognostic. [fore-(6)]
double superl. with -m- (cf. L primus) -est f & fopeto'ken 2 , v.t. Portend, point to. [fore-(2)]
st. of fore 2 assimilated to most]
, fope'top, n. top of foremast (short for) f ore- ;

fope'noon, n. The day till noon, morning. topgallant-masthead, i. e. head of mast above
[fore 2 + noon] fore-topmast, i. e. mast above foremast fore- ;

forensic, a. Of, used in, courts of law (/. topgallant-sail, sail above fore-topsail, i. e. sail
medicine, medical jurisprudence). Hence above foresail, [fore-(o)]
fope'nsiCALLY adv. [f. Lforensis (forum) fope'type, n. Type of coming thing. [fore-(6)]
+ -ic] forewap'n (-awn), v.t. Warn beforenand
fopeopdai'n, v.t. Predestinate, appoint ' (esp. in forewarned is forearmed). [fore-(2)]
beforehand. So fopeoRDiNA*TiON n. [fore-(2)] fope'woman, n. President & spokeswoman,
fore-peak, n. (naut). End of forehold in of jury of matrons chief workwoman super- ;

angle of bows, [fore-(o)] vising others. [fop.e-(3)j

f.d.
 ;
;;

FOREWORD 322 FORMALITY

fope'wopd (-erd), n. Preface, introductory branching, divergent, cleft, (three-f. &c, with
remarks, [from 1842; mod. formation of the three &c. prongs); two-legged, [-ed 2]
anti-Latinists, cf. G vorwort fore-(3)] ; foplop'n, a. Desperate, hopeless, (cf. foil.)
fope'yapd, n. Lowest yard on foremast. abandoned, forsaken, (poet.) deprived of; in
fop'faps, n. Coarse linen cloth of unbleached pitiful condition, of wretched appearance, [p.p.
flax. [Forfar in Scotland] of obs. forlese, OEforleosan see for-(1), lose]
lop'feit (-fit), n. & a., & v.t. (Thing) lost ow- foplop'n hope, n. Storming-party desper- ;

ing to crime or fault (his life was thef. or was ate enterprise, [f. Du. verloren hoop lost troop
/., hisf. life) penalty for breach of contract or
; (hoop = HEAP)]
neglect, fine trivial fine for breach of rules in
; form 1 , n. Shape, arrangement of parts,
clubs &c. or in games (play ff.), article sur- visible aspect (esp. apart from colour), shape of
rendered by player in game of ff. to be redeemed body (face &
f) person or animal as visible
;

by performing ludicrous task forfeiture. ( Vb) ; or tangible (saw af, thef. of before me) — , ;

lose right to, be deprived of, have to pay, as
penalty of crime, neglect, &c, or as necessary
consequence of something hence fop'feit-
able a., for'feitURE n. [f. OF forfait p.p. of
forfaire f. med.L foris facere transgress (L
(Fhilos.) that which makes anything (matter) a
determinate species (Scholastic), conditions of
; thing's existence by knowing which we can pro-
duce it (Baconian), formative principle holding
together the elements of thing (Kantian) mode ;

foris outside, facere do)] in which thing exists or manifests itself (in,
fopfe'nd, v.t. Avert, keep off, (usu. in God under, take, the f. of), species, kind, variety
/./). jFOR-(2)] (Gram.) one of the shapes taken by a word in
fop'fieate, a. (zool.). Scissor-shaped. [f. L spelling, pronunciation, or inflexion, external
forfex -ids scissors + -ate 2] characteristics of words apart from meaning ;

fopga*thep, v.i. Assemble, meet together, class in some (esp. the Public) schools (usu.
associate, converse. [for-(5)J numbered from sixth down to first) arrange- ;

fopgave. See forgive. ment & style in literary or musical composi-

forge l, n. Smithy blacksmith's hearth ; or tion customary method (in duef), set order of
;

fireplace with bellows furnaee or hearth for ; words, formula, regularly drawn document,
melting or refining metal, workshop containing document with blanks to be filled up for- ;

it. [OF, f. hfabrica fabric] mality, mere piece of ceremony behaviour ;

forge 2, v.t. & i. Shape by heating in fire and according to rule or custom (good, bad, /.,
hammering fabricate, invent, (tale, lie), make
; satisfying or offending current ideals) con- ;

in fraudulent imitation, esp. write (document, dition of health & training (in, out of, /., fit or
signature) in order to pass off as written by an- not for racing &c, of horses or athletes; lose
other, whence fop'gER 1 n. Hence fop'geABLE one's/.), good spirits (teas in great f.) long seat ;

a. [f. OF forgierf. L fabricare fabricate] without back, bench (Print. also forme) body ; ;

fopge 3 , v.i. Make way, advance, gradually of type secured in chase for printing at one
or with difficulty, esp. /. ahead, take lead in impression hare's lair. [f. OF forme f L forma]
; .

race, get started. [?] form 2 , v.t. & i. Fashion, mould, (into certain
fop'gepy, Forging, counterfeiting, or
n. shape after, by, from, upon, pattern orabs.);
; ;

falsifying, of document
spurious thing esp. ; assume shape, become solid mould by disci- ;

document or signature, [forge 2 -ery] , pline, train, instruct, (person, or faculty &c.)
fopge't (-g-), v.t. (-got, -gotten & poet, -got; embody, organize, into a company See. frame, ;

-tt-).Lose remembrance of (noun, that, how to, make, produce articulate (word) conceive
; ;

orabs.) neglect (usu. to do), inadvertently omit

; (idea, judgment) develop (habit) contract
; ;

to bring or mention or attend to put but oc ; (alliance) be material of, make up, make one or
:

mind, cease to think of, (esp. forgive &f); dis- part of; (Gram.) construct (new word) by deri-
regard, slight; /. oneself, neglect one's own vation, inflexion, &c.;(Mil. &c.) draw up (t. &i.;
interests, act unbecomingly or unworthily, lose often up) in order, assume specified formation
consciousness ;f.-me-not, kinds of myosotis, esp. (/. fours, line, column), [f. OF fourmer f. L
one with small yellow-eyed blue flowers (f.-m.-
formare (prec.)]
n. blue as name of colour). Hence fopge'tFUL form-, comb, form of formic or formyl, as
a.,fopgs'tfulLY 2 adv., fopge'tfulNESS n., /ormALDEHYDE, a disinfectant «Sc antiseptic,
fopg-e'ttABLE a. [OEforgietan cf. Gvergessen formalin a solution of this.
see for-(1), get] -fopm, suf. (in actual use -iform, see -I-) f. F
fopgrve, v.t. (-gave, -given). Remit, let off, -forme f. F -formis (form *) giving adjj. (1) w.
(debt, person debt) pardon (offence, offender, ; sense having the form of (cruciform, cunei-
offender offence, or abs.). Hence fopgl'VABLE form), (2) referring to number of forms (uni-
a., fopgi'vensss [forgiven + -xessju., fop- form, multiform, diversiform). Chloroform
gi*viNG 2 a., fopgi*vingLY 2 adv., fopgi'v- does not contain this suf.
ingXESS n. [OE forgiefan see for-(1), give] fop'mal, a. (Metaphys.) of the essence of a
fOPgo\ v.t. (-went, -gone). Abstain from, go thing (/. cause !), essential not material of the ;

without, let go, omit to take or use, relinquish. outward form, shape, appearance, arrange-
[OE/ organ see for-(3), go] ment, or external qualities, (Log.) concerned
fopk, n., & v.i. & t. Pronged agricultural with the form, not the matter, of reasoning
implement for digging, lifting, carrying, or valid in virtue of its form, explicit and definite,
throwing two, three, or four, -pronged instru-
; not merely tacit ; ceremonial, required by con-
ment used in eating at table of cooking (also ; vention (af. call), perfunctory, having the form
tunin-g-f.) steel instrument giving when struck without the spirit observant of forms, precise,
;

a fixed musical note stake with forked end ; prim, excessively regular or symmetrical, stiff,
used as prop for vines &c. forking, bifurcation, ; methodical, whence fop*maliSM(2), fOP*mal-
e. g. that of human legs, of diverging roads, or ist(2), nn„ fopmali*stic a. Hence fop*mal-
of branches flash of forked lightning hence
; ; l\" 2 adv. [f. Itforrnalis (form 1 -al)]
,

fOP'kv 2 a. (poet.). (Vb) Form f., have or de- fopma'lity, n. Conformity to rules, pro-
velop branches lift, carry, dig, or throw with
; priety ceremony, elaborate procedure formal
; ;

f. (slang) /. out or over, hand over, pay. [OE

; or ceremonial act, requirement of etiquette or
forca f. L J urea] custom being formal, precision of manners,
;

forked, a. With fork or fork-like end, stiffness of design, [f. hformalitas (prec, -ty)]
 ;; ;;;

FORMALIZED 323 fortune:

fop'malize, v.t. Give definite shape or legal fopt, n. Fortified place (usu. single building
formality to ; make ceremonious, precise, or or set of connected military buildings, cf. fort-
rigid, imbue with formalism. Hence for-mal- ress) ; trading-station, orig. fortified, in N.
iZA"TION [-1ZE] n. America. [F, abs. use olfort strong f. h fortis]
for'mat (ah), n. Shape & size of book. [F] fop'talice, n. (Archaic poet.) fortress &
forma'tion, n. Forming, being formed (mod.) small outwork of fortification, small fort
thing formed arrangement of parts, structure,
; [f. med.L fortalitia (hfor-tis strong)]
(Mil.) disposition of troops (Geol.) assemblage ; fopte 1 , n. Person's strong point; (Fenc.)
of rocks or series of strata having some common sword-blade from hilt to middle (cf. foible).
characteristic, [f. l^formatio (form 2 -ation)] , [f. F fort abs. use of adj. = strong ; fern, form
fop'mative (-a-), a. & n. Serving to fashion, ignorantly adopted for masc, cf. morale, locale]
of formation (Gram., of flexional
; derivative & fop't.6 2, mus. direction (abbr. /.). Loud;
suffixes and prefixes) used in forming words, forte forte (abbr. Jf.), very loud ; forte piano
(n.) f. element. [OF {-if, -ive) see form 2 , -ative] (abbr. fp.), loud &
then immediately soft. [It]
forme, See form 1
n. (print). . fopth, adv. &
prep. Forwards (now only in
fop'mer, a. & pron. Of the past or an earlier back & /., to &
fro) ; onwards in time (now only
period (inf. times ; mora like her f. self; ourf. in from this timef., &
in comb, as hencef.) ; for-
haunts), whence for'mePLY 2 adv.; thef. (with ward, into view, (bring, come, show, &c, /.);
noun, or oftener as pron. with possessive the out from home &c. (sail, issue, f.) out of doors ;

f.'s), the first or first-mentioned of two (opp. (cast f.) so /.,

; & so on, &
the like so far /., & ;

latter), [back-formation f. formcst fore- to that extent so far f. as, to whatever ex-
;

most from 12th c]

; tent ; (prep. archaic) from out of. [cf. G fort
;

for»*mie,a. (chem.) F. acid, colourless irritant (root of fore 2 + suf. -to-)]

volatile acid contained in fluid emitted by ants. foptheo'ming- (-ku-), a. About or likely to
Hence for'mATE 1 ^), fop'mENE, fop'mi'L, come forth; approaching; ready to be pro-
mi. [for/ormrct'c f. ~L formica ant + -ic] duced when wanted, [prec, come, -ing 2 ]
' formidable, a. To be dreaded ; likely to be fopthpig-h't, adv., fop'thpig-ht, a. n., (ar- &
hard to overcome, resist, or deal with. Hence chaic). (Adv.) straight forward straightway. ;

fop"midableNESS n., fop'midabLY 2 adv. (Adj.) going straight outspoken, unswerving ;;

[F, f. hformidabilis (formidare fear, -able)] decisive, dextrous. (N.) straight course (Jf. d>
fop'mless, a. Shapeless, without determin- meanders), [forth + right a. adv.] &
ate or regular form. Hence fop'mlessLY 2 forthwith Immediately,
(-th, -dh), adv.
adv., fop'mlessNESs n. [-less] without delay, [for forth with used abs.]
fop'mula, n. (pi. -ae, -as). Set form of words, foptifica'tion, n. Fortifying strengthening ;

definition, enunciation of principle, statement of wine with alcohol (Mil.) providing, art or ;

prescribed for use on some occasion rule un- ; science of providing, with defensive works,
intelligently followed, conventional usage or (usu. pi.) defensive work(s), wall(s), earth-
belief, whence fop*muliSM(3), fop*muliST(2), work^), tower(s), &c [F, f. L fortificationem
nn., fopmuli'stic a. recipe (Math.) rule or act of strengthening (foil.,
; ; -ation)]
principle in algebraic symbols ; (Chem.) expres- foptify, v.t. & i. Strengthen structure of ;
sion by symbols of substance's constituents impart vigour or physical strength or endur-
tabulation of certain facts by symbols fig- & ance to, strengthen mentally or morally, en-
ures. Hence fop# mulapiZE(3) [through obs. courage strengthen (liquors) with alcohol
;

formvlar a.], fop*muliZE(3), vv.t. = formu- corroborate, confirm, (statement) provide ;

late, fopmulapizA'TK>N, fopmulizA'Tiox, (town, army, oneself) with defensive works
nn. [L, dim. of forma form 2 ] erect fortifications. Hence foP'tifiABLE a. [f.
fop'mulapy, n. & a.
Collection of formulas F fortifier f. L fortificare(fortis strong, -FY)]
document or book of
forms esp. for belief or
set forti'sslmo, mus. direction (abbr. Jf., ffor. f
ritual (adj.) in or of formulas, [f. Fformulaire
; fo?-tiss.). Very loud. [It]
f. neut. of L formularius (prec, -ary 1 )] fop'titude, n. Courage in pain or adversity.
fop'mulate, v.t. Reduce to, express in, a [F, f. L fortitudo (fortis strong, -tude)]
formula set forth systematically. Hence fop-
; fop'tnig-ht (-it), n. Period of two weeks (to-
mulATioN n. [formula + -ate 3 ] day, this day, Monday, &c,/., a f. from today
fop'nicate, v.i. Commit fornication. So &c (OE fiomvertyne niht fourteen nights]
fop'nieatoR 2 n. [f. L fornieari (fornix -icis fop'tnig'htly, a. &adv. (Happening, appear-
brothel), -ate 3 ] ing) once every fortnight. [-LY ^ 2]
fopniea'tion, n. Voluntary sexual inter- fop'tpess, n., & v.t. Military stronghold, esp.
course between man
(sometimes restricted to strongly fortified town fit for large garrison
unmarried man) & unmarried woman (cf. adul- (vb, poet.) serve as f. to, protect, [f. OF forte-
tery). [OF, f. LL fornicationem (prec, -ion)] resse strength, strong place, f. fort see fort]
foppi'ned, a. (archaic). Wasted by hunger, foptu'itism, foptiritist, nn. Belief, believ-
torture, &c. [p.p. of obs. forpine see for-(5)] er, in chance & natural causes, not design, as
foppadep. See forward K causing adaptations in nature (cf. teleology,
foppel. See forel. ist). [foil., -ISM, -1ST]
fopsa'ke, v.t. (-sobk, -saken). Give up, break foptu'itous, a. Due by
to or characterized
off from, renounce withdraw one's help, friend-
; chance, accidental, casual. Hence foptu'it-
ship, or companionship from, desert, abandon, ously 2
adv., foptiritousNESS n. [f. L/or-
"[earlier senses deny, repudiate, refuse OE/or- ; tuitus (fors -tis chance) + -ous]
sacan f. for-(3) + sacan contend] foptu'ity, n. Fortuitousness a chance oc- ;

fopsotrth adv. Truly, in truth, no

(-th), currence accident unstudied or unintended
; ;

doubt, (used parenthet. always in irony). [OE character, [f. L as prec (for fortuitiiy)]
forsoth (for, sooth n.)] fop'tunate (-tshdb-), a. Favoured by fortune,
fopspe'nt, a. Tired out. [p.p. of obs. for- lucky, prosperous ; auspicious, favourable, [f.
spend see for-(5),_8pend] L fortunatus (fortune 2 -ate 2 )] ,

ropsweap* (-war), v.t, (-swore, -sworn). Ab- fop*tunately, adv. Luckily, successfully*
jure, renounce on oath ; /. oneself, swear false- (esp. as parenthesis qualifying whole sentenoe
ly, perjure oneself; (p.p.) perjured. [OE for- = it is a fortunate thing that), [-ly 2 ]
swerian, see for-(3, 1), swear] fop'tune 1 (-tshdbn, -tun), n. Chance, hap,
 ; ;
;

FORTUNE 324 FOUND

luck, as a power in men's affairs (F., this power other change of texture & recognizable as re-
personified as goddess ; try the f. of war, see mains of plant or animal of past (usu. prehis-
what it will bring, risk it soldier off.) ; luck ; toric) ages (/. bones, shells, ivory hunting for ;

good or bad that falls to any one or to an enter- ff. also fig., as words are f. thoughts); (person
;

prise &c. (in sing, or pi. ; try one's /., take some or thing) belonging to the past, antiquated, in-
risky step), coming lot (tell person his /., tell ff., capable of further development. Hence fo*s-
of gipsies &c, whence foP'tune-tellER 2 n.) SilATE 3 V.t., fOSSilATlON 11., fOSSili'FEROUS
good luck; prosperity, prosperous condition, a., fo*ssiliZE(3) v.t. i., fossilizATiON n. & [f.

wealth, (make one's/., prosper ; make 'a f., be- F fossile f. L fossilis (fodere foss- dig, -il)]
come rich ; spent a small f. on it, large sum fossop'ial, a. (zool.). . Burrowing; used in
marry a /., heiress), whence fop'tuneLESS a.; burrowing, fossorius (fossor digger f.
[f. L
man seeking rich wife. [F, f. L/or-
f. -hunter, fodere see prec, -OR 2 + -al] )

tuna cogn. w.fors -tis chance Scferre bring] fo'step , n. Food (obs. exc in comb.,as/.-
1

fop'tune , v.i. (archaic poet.).

2 & Chance, oc- child, -father, -mother, -parent, -son, -daughter,
cur, (esp. impers., it fortumd that) ; come by -brother, -sister, — having the specified relation-
chance upon. [f. OF fortuner f. L fortunare ship not by blood, but in virtue of nursing or
make fortunate (prec)] bringing up acting or treated as ; ). [OE —
fop'ty, a. & n. ten, 40, XL, (f.-one,
Four times fdstor (food, suf. -tro-)]
f.-first, &c. ; /. winks, short nap esp. after din- fo'step , v.t. (Archaic) tend affectionately,
2

ner) ; hence fop'tlETH a. n. (X.) age of f. & cherish, keep warm (in bosom), promote growth
years (after f, over f. ; the ff., years of life or of encourage, harbour, cherish, nurse, (feel-
;

century between 39 &

50) ; roaring ff., stormy ing) (of circumstances) be favourable to.
;

part of Atlantic between 39° 50° X. lat.; /.- & Hence fo'stePER 1 fo'stPESS 1 nn. [f. prec] , ,

penny nail', the F.-five, Jacobite rebellion of fo*stepag e (-ij), n. Fostering; custom of
,

1745.[OE fiowertig cf. G vierzig (four, -ty 2 )] employing foster-mothers, [-age]

fop'um, n. (Rom. Ant. public place, market- ) fo'stepling', n. Foster-child, nursling, pro-
place, place of assembly for judicial other & tege. [OE fostorling (foster \ -ling l )\
business, esp. at Rome ; place of public discus- fought. See fight K
sion court, the law courts, (fig. the f. of con-
; foul (fowl), a., n., adv., & v.i. & t. Offensive
science &c). [LJ to the senses, loathsome, stinking dirty, soiled ;

fop'wapd 1 (-ard), a. n. (Xaut.) belonging & (/. linen), filthy; defaced with corrections (/.
to fore part of ship lying in one's line of mo-
; copy) charged with noxious matter (f. air,
;

tion (the f. horizon), onward or towards the water) ; clogged, choked, (/. gun-barrel) (of ;

front (the f. path ; /. play in cricket, see foil. ship's bottomjovergrown with weed, barnacles,
/. movement, special effort at political &c. pro- &c ; morally polluted, obscene, disgustingly
gress ; /. school, party, opinions, advanced or abusive, (thef. fiend, the devil ; /. deed, motive,
extreme); (Commerc.) relating to future pro- talk f.-mouthed, -tongued) (of fish at or after
; ;

duce (/. contract). Advanced, progressing to spawning) in bad condition ugly (now dial, exc ;

maturity or completion, (of plant, crop, season) in fair or f) unfair, against rules of game &c,
;

well advanced or early ; ready, prompt, eager, (/. blow, stroke, riding ;/. play, in games, & fig.
(often to do) precocious ; presumptuous, pert,
; treachery) (of weather) wet, rough, stormy
;

whence fop* wapdL y 2 adv. hence fop'ward- ; (of wind) contrary; in collision (fall 1 /. of);
ness n. one of the first-line players in
(X.) foot- entangled (rope isf). (X.) something f. (through
ball. [OE foreweard (fore 2 -ward), a.] , f. &
fair, through everything) collision, en- ;

fop'wapd ^s), adv. (-d is added below to tanglement, esp. in riding, rowing, or running,
senses in which the -s form is rare or not used). irregular stroke or piece of play. (Adv.) in
Towards the future, continuously onwards, irregular way (hit him /. ; play one /., deal
(-d ;from this time /. look f, ahead; car- ; treacherously with him). (Vb) become f., get
riage/.; date f, of commercial orders, post- clogged ; make f. or dirty ; pollute with guilt,
date) towards the front in the direction one is
; dishonour cause (anchor, cable) to become
;

facing, (Cricket; -d) play f, reach f. to play entangled, jam or block

(crossing, railway line,
short-pitched ball with continuous f. motion
; traffic) ; become entangled run f. of, collide ;

(rushing f), (Mil., as word of command, -d,= with. [OE ful cf. G faul f. Aryan pu- stink,
rot, cf. Gk puon, L PUS the v.i. f. OE fulian]
foimf., advance) in advance, ahead, (-d send
; ; ;

backward(s)
/.) ; to & fro; to the & /., fou'lapd (foo'lahr), n. Thin flexible material
front, into prominence, bring /., draw at- (-d ; of silk or silk & cotton handkerchief of it. [F] ;

tention to ; come /., offer oneself for task, post, foully (fowl-li), adv. Abominably, cruelly,
&c. ; put or set /., allege, make oneself too con- wickedly, (was f. murdered) with unmerited ;

spicuous) ; (Xaut. ; -d) to, at, in, fore part of insult (/. slandered), [-ly 2 ]
ship ; onward so as to make progress (-d go /., ;
fou'lness, n. Foul condition foul matter ;

be going on, progress ; can't get any forwarder, disgusting wickedness, [-ness]
or usu. colloq. forrader, make no progress). fou'mapt (foo-), n. Polecat. [ME ful mard
[OE foreweard, prob. neut. ace. of prec] (foul, mearth marten)]
fop'wapd , v.t. Help f., promote ; accelerate
3 found (fow-), v.t. & i. Lay base of (build-
1

growth of ; send (letter &c.) on to further desti- ing &c) be original builder, begin building, of
;

nation, (loosely) dispatch (goods &c). [f. prec] (town, edifice) set up, establish (esp. with en-
;

fopweap'ied, fopwop'n, aa. (archaic). dowment), originate, initiate, (institution)

Tired out. [for-(5), weary, wear, vv.] construct, base, (tale, one's fortunes, classifica-
fosse, n. Long narrow excavation, canal, tion, rule, &c.) (up)on some ground, support,
ditch, trench, esp. in fortification (Anat.) principle, &c (also is founded in justice Sec;
;

groove, depression, also fossE'TTE n. [F, f. L well, ill, &c, founded, reasonable, justified,
fossa orig. fern. p.p. of fodere dig] baseless, &c) rely, base oneself, (of argument ;

fo'ssick, v.i. (slang). Rummage, search a- &c) be based, (up)on. [f. F fonder f. hfundare
bout. [dial, wd current in Austral, gold-mining (fundus bottom)]
= search in crevices or abandoned workings] found 2 (fow-), v.t. Melt & mould (metal),
fossil (fo'sl), a. & n. Found buried, dug up, fuse (materials forglass) make (thing of molten ;

(/. fuel &c now rare) (thing) preserved in

; ; metal, glass) by melting. So fou'ndRY^) n.
strata of earth with more or less chemical or [f. Ffondre f. Lfunderefus- pour]
 ;;;

POUND 325 PRACTIONIZE

found 3.
See find. square, square-shaped, solidly based or steady;
foundation (fow-), n. Establishing, con- f. -wheel, f. -wheeled carriage; /. -wheeler, f.-
stituting on permanent basis, esp. of an en- wheeled hackney carriage ; hence foup'FOLD
dowed institution such institution, e.g. monas- a. adv., fouPTEE N a., fouptee'nra 2 a. &n.
; & #

tery, college, or hospital (on the /., entitled to (N.) the number f. ; set of f. persons or things',
benefit by its funds, whence founda'tion- esp. f. -pipped card, domino, or side of die f -
ER 1 n.), or its revenues ; solid ground or base x oared boat crew {ff., races for these), hit Sec &
natural or artificial, on which building rests, at cricket for f. runs on all fours (earlier four ;

lowest part of building usu. below ground- = f. limbs), crawling on hands knees ; (Mil. ; &
level basis, ground- work, underlyingprinciple, pi.) formation f. deep usu. faced flankwards
;

(report has nof. base religion on a moral f.)

; (ff right or left) for marching (form 2 /.); f.-
;

body or ground on which other parts are over- pennyworth of spirits ; (pi.) f.-per-cent. stock.
laid, e.g. under-skirt, first set of stitches in [Aryan OE Jeoiocr, cf. Du. G vier, Gk tes-; &
crochet or knitting; /.-muslin, -net, gummed sares, L quatuor]
fabrics for stiffening dresses bonnets ; /.- &
fourgon (F), n. Luggage van.
school, endowed ; /. -stone, esp. one laid with Fou'piepism (fob-), n. Fourier's system for
ceremony to celebrate founding of edifice, [f. reorganization of society (phalanstery).
L fundatio (found \ -ation)] [Charles F., French socialist, 1772-1837]
fou'nder l, n. In vbl senses of found l four-some (for-), n. Game of golf between
;

esp., one who founds institution (f.'s kin, re- two pairs, [four, -some ; orig. adj.]
latives of f. entitled to election or preference) fourth (for-), a. Se n. Next after third (the,
f.'s shares, shares issued to ff. of public com- a, /., ellipt. as n., esp. = 4th day of month ; /.
pany as part-consideration for business taken part, quarter). (N.) quarter, f. part; (Mus.)
over, &separate from ordinary capital. Hence tone four diatonic degrees above or below given
fmrndersHip, fou'ndPESs 1 nn. [-er 1 ] tone, this interval, harmonic combination of
,

fou'nder 2 , n. In vbl senses of found 2 [-er 1 ] tone its f. (pi.) articles of f. quality.
, & [OE ;

fou*ndep3 (fow-), v.i. t., n. & &

(Of earth, fiortha cf. G vierte, Gk tetartos, L quartus]
building, Sec), fall down or in, give way ; (of foup'thly, adv. In the fourth place (in enu-
horse ; or with rider substituted as subject) merations). [-LY 2]
fall from overwork, collapse, fall lame, stick fowl, n., v.i. Bird (rare), birds (rare exc &
fast in bog &c. cause (horse) to break down by in unld-f), their flesh as food (only in fish, flesh,
;

overwork (of ship) fill with water

; &
sink, &f.); domestic cock or hen (often qualified, as
cause (ship) to do this; (Golf) hit (ball) into barndoor, game, guinea, -/. ; f.-run, place
ground. (N.) inflammation of horse's foot from where fF. may run, breeding establishment for
overwork ; (also chest, body, -/.) rheumatism of ff.), its flesh as food. (Vb) catch, hunt, shoot, or
chest-muscles in horses, [f. OF fondrer sub- snare, wild-f., whence fowlER 1 fowliNG 1 , ,

merge, collapse, (L fundus bottom)] nn. ; fowling-piece, light gun used in fowling.
fou'ndling- jfow-), n. Deserted infant of [com.-Teut. ; OE fugel cf. G vogel perh. by
unknown parents, [p.p. of find + -ling ] x
dissim. f. "fltiglo- (flug- fly 2)]
fount 1 (fow-), n. (poet, or rhet.). Spring, fox 1 , n. (fern, vixen, also bitch-f). Red-furred
source, fountain, [f. L fons -tis on anal, of sharp-snouted bushy-tailed quadruped preserv-
mount ; from late 16th c] ed in England as beast of chase proverbial &
fount 2 (fow-), n. (print.). Set of type of same for cunning ; crafty person northern constella- ;

face & size. [f. Ffonte (fondre found 2 )] tion ; FLY'^'ngr/.; /. geese, game played on &
fountain (fowntin), n. Water-spring source board ;/. -brush, tail of f.; /.-earth 1 ; foxglove,
;

of river &c. (also fig., Croionis thef. of honour tall purple or white flowered plant foxhound, ;

poison the ff of trust) ; jet of water made to kind bred trained to hunt ff.; f.-hunt n. & &
spout, structure provided for it, (also drinking- v.t., chasing of, chase, f. with hounds, whence
f.) public erection with constant supply of fo'xhuntER 1 n. ; fox-hunting a. n., (given &
drinking-water ; reservoir in lamp, printing- to) this sport ; foxtail, f.'s tail, kinds of grass ;
press, &c, for oil, ink, &c. (f.-pen, having this) f. -terrier, short-haired for unearthing ff, but
/.-head, original source. Hence (-)fountain- kept chiefly as pets. [com.-Teut.; cf. Gfuchs]
ed 2 [f. OF fontaine f. LL font ana orig.
a. fox 2 , v.i. & t. Act craftily, dissemble dis- ;

fern, of h_fontanus adj. (fount 1 -an)] , colour (leaves of book, engraving, &c.) with
four (for), a. & n. One more than three, 4, brownish spots (esp. in p.p.). [f. prec]
IV, (/. corners of earth Sec, remotest parts ;/. fo'xy, a. Fox-like, crafty(-looking) reddish- ;

corners of document Sec, its scope ; xoithin the brown, (Paint.) over-hot in colour; damaged
f. seas, in Gt Britain /. figures, some number
; with mildew &c. Hence fo'xiNESS n. [-Y 2]
from 1000 to 9999 twenty Sec -/. or f.-&-twenty
; foyer (fwah'ya), n. Large room in theatre
Sec ; f.-&-twentieth See.); (ellipt.) f. hours (/. &c. for audience's use during interval. [F]
o'clock), f. horses {carriage Sec &/.) f.-ale, sold ; fra (-ah), n. = frate as prefixed title. [It]
at id. a quart; f. -coupled, with f. coupled fpa'eas (-ah), n. Noisy quarrel, row. [F, f.
wheels; f. -course, with fourfold rotation (of It. fracasso uproar]
crops) /.-dimension^ ; f. -footed, quadruped
; fpa'etion (-shn), n. Dividing of Eucharistic
(adj.) f.-foot way, space (4 ft 8£ in.) between
; bread (Arith.) numerical quantity that is not
;

pair of rails ; f. -handed, (of monkeys) quadru- an integer, one or more aliquot parts, (vulgarf.,
manous, (of games) for f. persons, (of piece of expressed by numerator above & denominator
music) for two players f.-horse(d), drawn by ', below a line decimal/.; proper, improper, /.,
;

f. horses f. -in-hand, vehicle with f. horses &

; with numerator less, greater, than denomina-
no outrider (also adv., drive Sec. f.-i.-h.) ;f.-oar, tor) ; small piece or amount, scrap, (esp. not a
(boat) with f. oars /. o'clock, the plant Marvel
; /.). Hence fpa'etion al, fpa'etion ar y 1 , aa.
of Peru \f.-part, arranged for f. voices to sing [f. OF fraccion f. eccl.L fractionem (L fran-
fourpence, sum or coin = id. fourpenny, cost- ; gerefract- break, -ion)]
ing or worth id., silver coin=4d. ;f.-post (of bed), fpa'ctionate, v.t. Separate (mixture) into
having f. posts to support canopy & curtains, portions of different properties by distillation
f. -poster, such bed f. -pounder, gun throwing
; &c. [prec. + -ate 3 ]
4 lb. shot f. -rowed barley, with f. rows of
; fpa'etionize, v.t. Break up into fractions
awns fourscore, eighty, age of 80 years /.-
; ;
(Math.), or portions, [-ize]
 ;

FRACTIOUS 326 FRAUD

fpa'etious (-sh?*s), a. Unruly, cross, peevish. jurisdiction, privilege or exceptional right,
Hence fpa'etiousLY 2 adv., fpa'etiousNESS granted to person, corporation, &c; full mem-
n. [f. fraction in obs. sense brawling + -ous, bership of corporation or State, citizenship
after captious &c] right of voting at public elections esp. for mem-
fpa'etupe (-tsher), n., & v.t. & i. Breaking, ber of Parliament, principle of qualification for
breakage, esp. of bone or cartilage (compound 2 this (fancy i /. ). [OF (franc frank 2, -ise)]
/.) ;surface shown by mineral when broken Fpanei'sean, a. n. &
(Friar) of the order
with hammer; substitution of diphthong, diph- founded 1209 by St Francis of Assisi ; of the Ff.
thong substituted, for simple vowel owing to [f. med.L Franciscus Francis + -an]

influence of following consonant (vb) cause f. ; Fra'nco-, comb, form of med.L Franci the
in, break continuity of, crack (t. & L). [F, f. L Franks, now used = French-&-, as F.-German.
fractura (fraction, -ure)] Hence Fpa'neoPHiL(E), Fpa'neo-PHOBE, nn.
fpae'num, fpe-, n. (pi. -na). Small ligament & aa. [frank } -o-] t

checking motion of organ. [L, = bridle] fpa'neolin, n. Kind of partridge resembling

fpa'gTle (-J-), a. Easily snapped or shattered, pheasant, [F, f. It. francolino]
weak, perishable, of delicate frame or constitu- franc-tireur (F), n. (pi. -cs -rs). Man of ir-
tion. So fpagi'liTY n. [F, f. Lfragilis (frag- regular light-infantry corps.
root of frangere break)] fpa*ngipane(-j-), n. Perfume of red jasmine;
fpa'gment, n. Part broken detached
off, kind of pastry. [F, perh. f. inventor's name]
piece ; isolated or incomplete part, remainder Frank l, n. One of the Germanic nation or
of lost or destroyed whole, esp. extant remains coalition that conquered France in 6th c; (in
or unfinished portion of a writing or work of Levantine use) person of Western nationality.
art. Hence fpa'grnentARY * a. [f.L frag- Hence Fpa'nkiSH * a. [f. L Francus f. OHG
mentum (as prec, -ment)] Franko perh. f. weapon (QE franca javelin)]
fpa'gfpant, a. Sweet-smelling. So fpa'g- fpank 2 a. Ingenuous, open, sincere, candid,
,

"pance n. [f. hfragrare smell sweet (-ant)] outspoken ; undisguised, avowed. Hence
fpail 1 n. Rush basket for packing figs,
, fpa'nkLY 2 adv., fpa'nkNESS n. [f. OF
franc
raisins, &c. [f. OF fray el etym. dub.] f. med.lifrancus freef. prec. (full freedom being
fpail 2, a. Fragile; transient (/. life, bliss, confined to the Franks)]
&c.) in weak health morally weak, unable to
; ; &
fpank 3 , v.t. n. (Hist.) superscribe (letter
resist temptation, (euphem., of women) un- &c. ) with signature ensuring gratis conveyance;
chaste, [f. OF fraile fragile] facilitate coming &
going of (person), give so-
fpai'lty, Liability to err or yield to temp-
n. cial passport to ; convey (person) gratuitously ;
tation ; fault, weakness, foible, [f. OF frailete (n. ; franking signature, franked cover,
hist.)
f. ~Lfragilitatem (fragile, -ty)] [f. prec. in obs. sense free of charge]

fpaise * (-z), n. (fortif.). Horizontal or down- Frankfort black, n. Fine black pigment
sloping palisade round berm. [F, orig. — me- used in copperplate engraving. [German town]
sentery of calf] fpa'nkineense, n. Aromatic gum resin
fpaise 2 (-z), n. Tool for enlarging circular (prop, from trees of genus Boswellia) used for
hole or cutting teeth in watch wheels. [F (/'rai- burning as incense, [f. OF franc encens (frank 2
ser enlarge hole f. fraise as prec.)] in obs. sense luxuriant, incense 1 )]
fpamboe'sia (-bez-), n. Chronic contagious fpa'nklin, n. (hist.). Land-owner of free but
negro disease with raspberry-like swellings, not noble birth in 14th & loth cc. [frank 2 ,
the yaws. [mod. L, f. F framboise raspberry perh. -ling 1 ]
perh. f. Du. braambezie (bramble, berry)] fpa'nk-pledg-e, n. (hist). System by which
fpame 1 , v.t. & i. Shape, direct, dispose, each member of tithing was responsible for
(thoughts, acts, another person) to a purpose every other (also rarely fig., e. g. of relation be-
(for, to, to do, or with adv.) give promise of tween members of a Government). [AF franc
;

being skilful &c. (usu. well); adapt, fit, to or in- plege (frank 2 pledge), perh. mistransl. of ON ,

to construct by combination of parts or adap- frith-borh peace-pledge (not free-pledge)]

;

tation to design, contrive, devise, invent, com- fpa'ntie, a. Wildly excited, beside oneself
pose, express, (complex article, plot, rule, story, with rage, pain, grief, &c; showing frenzy, un-
theory); articulate (words) conceive, imagine; controlled. Hence fpa'ntiCALLY, fpa'ntieLY 2
; ,

[f. foil.] set in a f., serve as f. for (landscape advv. [f. OF frenetique f. LL phreneticus f. Gk
framed in anarchicay), whence fpa*miNG 1 (3) jihrenitikos (jihreniTis f. phren -enos brain)]
n. Hence fpa'itiABLE a., fpa'inER 1 n. [OE fpap, v.t. (naut.). Bind tightly, [f. OF fraper
framian be helpful (fram forward cf. from)] bind, strike]
frame , n. Construction, constitution, build; fpass, n. Excrement of larvae refuse left by
2 ;

established order, plan, system, (thef. of society boring insects, [f. G frass (fressen devour)]
or government); temporary state (of mind); fpa'te (-ahta), n. (pi. -ti pr. -te). Friar. [It.]
framed work or structure (the f. of heaven or fpatep'nal, a. (As) of brother(s), brotherly,
earth), human or animal body (sobs shook her [f. L fraternus (frater brother) + -al]
/., man of gigantic f.) skeleton of building,
; fpatep'nity, n. Being fraternal, brotherli-
underlying support or essential substructure of ness; religious body guild, company with com- ;

anything; case or border enclosing picture, mon interests, set of men of same class &c.
pane of glass, &c, whence fpa'meLESS a.; [f. OF fraternity f. L fraternitatem (prec, -ty)]
(Gardening) glazed structure protecting plants fpa'tepnize, v.i. Associate, make friends,
from cold (Mining) inclined board for washing behave as intimates, (with, together, or abs.).
;

ore f. -house, of wooden skeleton covered with So fpa'tepniz action n. [f. F fraterniser (L
;

boards ;f.-saw, stretched in f. to make it rigid fraternus fraternal, -ize)] ;

framework, t, substructure, upon or into which fpa'tPicide, n. Killing of one's, one who
casing or contents can be put (lit, fig. ). [f. prec. ] kills his, brother or sister. Hence fpa'tPieidAL
,

fpane, n. French silver coin of about 9kZ., the a. [F, f. L fratricidium, -cida, (frater -tris
unit of coinage. [F, perh. f. Francorum Rex brother, -cide)]
king of the frank 1 s, legend on earliest coin so frau (-ow), n. (Of German wife or widow)
= 10/6)]
called (gold Mrs German woman. [G] ;

fpa'nchise (-z), n. (Chiefly hist.) legal im- fraud, n. Deceitfulness (rare) criminal de- ;

munity or exemption from some burden or ception, use of false representations, (in Law,
 ;
; ;;;

FRAUDULENT 327 FREEZE

inf., to the/., of, so as to defraud) dishonest ; attached journalist /. labour, of workmen not ;

artifice or trick {pious /., deception intended belonging to trade unions, & see 1 f. -thinker,
•thinking n. & a., -thought, rejector &c. of au-
;

to benefit deceived, & esp. to strengthen re-

ligious belief); person or thing not fulfilling thority in religious belief, rationalist &c), un-
expectation or description, [f. OF fraude f. L constrained (f. step, gestures) (of literary style) ;

fraudem nom.fraus] not observing strict laws of form, (of transla-

frau'dulent, a. Guilty of, of the nature of, tion) not literal allowable (it isf. for or to him
;

characterized or effected by, fraud. Hence or to do so) open to all comers (/. fight, in which
;

cogn. frairdulENCE n., frairdulentr.Y 2 any one present joins) clear of obstructions, ;

adv. [OF, f. hfraudulentus (prec, -ulent)] clear of or from something undesirable, (of
fraught (-awt), a. Stored, equipped, with wind) not adverse not fixed, not in contact, ;

(poet.) (fig.)/, with, involving, attended with,

;
(Chem.) not combined, (of power or energy) dis-
full of, threatening or promising, destined to engaged or available f. -board, part of ship's ;

produce, (woe, danger, meaning, &c). [p.p. of side between & deck-level /.-
line of flotation ;

obs. fraught v. load with cargo (obs. fraught hand (of drawing), done without artificial aid
cargo prob. f. MDu
vracht freight)] to the handkind of peach of which
; f. -stone,
fraw lein (Of German spinster)
(-oilin), n. when ripe the stone is loose (& see 3) f.-will, ;
Miss (with surname also alone as voc.) ; Ger-
; power of directing our own actions without
man spinster ; German governess. [GJ constraint by necessity or fate (& see 3). 3.
fraxine'lla, n. Kinds of garden dittany, Spontaneous, unforced, unearned, gratuitous,
[mod. L, dim. of Tufraxinus ash] willing, (/. grace, unmerited favour of God /. ;

fray 1, n. Noisy quarrel, brawl ; fight, con- gift, not in requital did it of my ovmf. will, ;

flict, (lit. or fig. eager for thef). [for affray]

; & so/.-im'ZZadj., voluntary ;/. quarters, gratui-
fray & i. (Of deer) /. head, or /., rub
2 , v.t. tous entertainment am f to confess, not un- ;

velvet off new horns wear through by rub- ; willing) lavish, profuse, unstinted, copious,
;

bing, ravel out edge or end of, (usu. woven (/. of his money, open-handed so f. -handed, ;

material) become ragged at edge. [f. Ffrayer

; liberal ; /. flow of water f. liver, living, in- ;

f. L fricare rub] dulger, indulgence, in pleasures esp. of the

frazi'l, n. (Canad. & U.S.). Anchor-ice, ice at table) frank, unreserved, (f. -spoken, not con-
;

bottom of stream, [perh. f. Ffraisil cinders] cealing one's opinions, blunt; /. easy, un- &
freak, (-ek), n. Caprice, vagary ; capricious- ceremonious, also as n., smoking-concert &c),
ness (out of mere f.) product of sportive fan-
;
forward, familiar, impudent, (make or be f. T
cy (also /. of nature) monstrosity, abnormally
;
take liberties with), (of talk, stories &c.) broad,
developed specimen. Hence frea'kiSH 1 a., not quite decent freestone, fine-grained easily;

frea*kishLY 2 adv., frea'kishNESS n. [from sawn sandstone or limestone (& see 2). 4. Re-
16th c. etym. dub. cf. OE frician to dance]
; ; leased or exempt from (f. from the ordinary
freaked, a. Oddly flecked or streaked, [-ed 2 ] rules, disease, difficulty, &c.) having burgess ;

fre'ekle, n., & v.t. & i. Light brown spot on rights (madef. of the city), having the entree &
skin, (pi. ) sporadic sunburn; vb) spot, be spotted,( use of(f. of the house) not subject to tax, toll, ;

with ff. [earlier frecken f. ON freknur pi.] duty, trade-restrictions, or fees (/ port, open
free \ a. (freer, freest, pr. -eer, -eist). 1. Not to all traders alike ; /. school, with no fees
in bondage to another, having personal rights charged; /. pass, not paid for; also adv., as
& social & political liberty, (f. labour, of f. men the gallery is openf, & in comb, as carriage-f.,
not slaves, & see 2) (of State, its citizens or in- without charge for conveyance) freeman, one
; ;

stitutions) subject neither to foreign dominion who has the freedom of a city, company, &c. (&
nor to despotic government, having national & see Hence free'LY 2 adv. [com.-Teut. OE
1). ;

civil liberty f.-born, inheriting citizen rights freo cf. G frei

; Aryan pri to love] f.
& liberty freehold, (estate held by) tenure in free 2 v.t. (freed). Make
; set at liberty, , f.,
fee-simple or fee-tail or for term of life (also of (freedman, emancipated slave, esp. in Rom.
corresponding tenure of office), (adj.) held by Hist.) relieve from, rid or ease of; clear, dis-
;

freehold freeholder, possessor of freehold es-

;
engage, disentangle. [OE/r^on (prec.)]
tate ; freeman, person not slave or serf, citizen freebooter, n. Pirate, piratical adventurer.
of f. State (& see 4) ; freemason, member of Hence by back-formation free'boot v.i.,
fraternity for mutual help & brotherly feeling free'bootiNGb 2 n. & a. [f. Du. vrijbuiter
called F. &
Accepted Masons having elaborate (FREE \ BOOTY, -ER !)]
ritual & system of secret signs (the orig. f. free'dom, n. Personal liberty, non-slavery
masons were pYob. skilled masons emancipated civil liberty, independence liberty of action, ;

& allowed to move from place to place in & right to do power of self-determination, inde-
;

after 14th c, &

the accepted may have been pendence of fate or necessity frankness, out- ;

honorary members of the f. masons' societies) spokenness, undue familiarity (take ff. with);
freemasonry, system & institutions of the free- facility, ease, in action boldness of concep- ;

masons, secret understanding between like tion ; (Physics) capability of motion exemp- ;

characters, instinctive sympathy. 2. Loose (/. tion from defect, disadvantage, burden, duty,
wheel in bicycle, driving-wheel able to revolve &c. privilege possessed by city or corporation
;

while pedals are at rest), unrestricted (/. love, participation in privileges of membership of
sexual relations irrespective of marriage), at company &c. or citizenship o/city (often given
liberty, not confined, released from ties or honoris causa to distinguished persons) un- ;

duties, unimpeded (/. trade, left to its natural restricted use of (has thef. of the library). [OE
course without customs duties to restrict im- freodom (free 1 -dom)] ,

ports or protect home industries, this principle free'martin, n. Hermaphrodite or imper-

f. -trader, believer in it), unfettered in action fect female of ox kind. [?]
(have or give af. hand, right of acting at discre- free'sia (-z-), n. Kinds of iridaceous bulbous
tion),permitted to do, independent (F. Church, plant from Cape of Good'Hope. [?]
unconnected with State the F. Cc, noncon- ; freeze, v.i. & t. (froze, frozen), & n. (Impers.)
formists F. C. of Scotland, seceders of 1843
; it freezes &c, there
&c. frost; be converted is
from Presbyterian establishment; /. lance, into or covered with ice become rigid as result ;

medieval mercenary, modern politician or con- of cold become fastened to or together by

;

troversialist with no party allegiance, un- frost, (slang) /. on to, take or keep tight hold of
 );;; ;;

FREEZING 328 FRIAR

feel very cold (/. to death, die by frost) ; be frequentative, a. & n. (gram.). (Verb or
chilled by fear cause to congeal, form ice up-
; verbal form or conjugation) expressing fre-
on, (fluid or moist thing ; often in, over, up), quent repetition or intensity of action, [f. L
preserve (meat &c. ) by refrigeration (by exagg. ;
frequentativus (prec, -ative)]
/. one's blood, terrify him ; chill (feelings), para- fpe'sco, n. (pi. -6s, -oes), & v.t. Method of
lyse (powers) ; stiffen, harden, injure, kill, by painting (esp. in /.), picture, in water-colour
chilling (frozen to death) (slang) /. out, ex- ;
laid on wall or ceiling before plaster is dry
clude from business, society, &c, by competi- (vb) paint (wall &c, picture or subject) thus.
tion or boycotting &c. freezing-mixture, salt ;
orig. adj. = foil.]
[It.,
& snow or other mixture used to f. liquids fresh, a., adv., & n. New, novel, not pre-
freezing-point, temperature at which liquid, viously known, used, met with, or introduced,
esp. water, freezes; (n.) state, coming, period, (break f. ground, try something unhackneyed)
of frost. [com.-Teut. OE freosan cf. G additional, other, different, further, (begin af.
;

Jrieren, also L pruina hoarfrost] chapter) recent, lately made or arrived, just ;

fpee'zing", a. In vbl senses esp. (by exagg.) come from; raw, inexperienced, (freshman,
; :

very cold (of manners) chilling, distant. Hence first-year man at University) not preserved by
;
;

fpee'zing-LY 2 adv. [-ing 2] salting, pickling, smoking, tinning, &c. (/. her-
freight (-at), n., & v.t. Hire of ship for trans- rings, meat, fruit, & see below /. butter, & see ;

porting goods transport of goods by water (in next sense) not salt (/. water; freshwater a.,
; ;

U.S. by land also), charge for this; cargo, ship- of f. water, not of the sea, as freshwater fish,
load load, burden. (Vb) load (ship) with cargo
; fishing, sailor f. butter, not flavoured with
; ;

hire or let out (ship) for carriage of goods & salt, & see prec. sense), not salt or bitter, drink-
passengers, [prob. f. MDu. vrecht var. of vracht able, (/. water) pure, untainted, invigorating, ;

see fraught] refreshing, cool, (of air, wind, water) not stale, ;

freightage (-Ij), n. Hire of ship for, cost musty, or vapid (/. fish, meat, fruit, & see above;
of, conveyance of goods freighting or hiring of /. egg)
; not faded (/. flowers, memories) un- ; ;

ship cargo, [-age]

; sullied.bright & pure in colour (af. complexion),
freig"h tei» (-at-), n. One who (charters &) looking healthy or young; not weary, brisk,
,

loads ship one who consigns goods for carriage vigorous, fit, (never felt fresher as f. as paint,
; ;

inland one whose business is to receive & for- quite brisk, prob. apun on the warning f paint';
; ' .

ward freight cargo ship, [-er l ]

; a f. wind, of some strength). (Adv.) freshly,
French, a. & n. Of France or its people newly, esp. in comb. as/. -caught, -coined ;f. -run;

having the qualities attributed to F. people (of salmon), lately come up from the sea. (N.)
F. bean, kidney or haricot bean used as vege- f. part of day, year, &c. (in the f. of the morn-
table both in unripe sliced pods & in ripe seeds ing) rush of water in river, flood. Hence ;

F. bread, kind of fancy bread F. chalk, kind fpe'shEN 6 v.t. & i., fpe'shNESS n. [OE/ersc
;

of steatite used for marking cloth & removing cf. G frisch affected by OF freis fern, fresche
grease & as dry lubricant F. grey, tint com- from same Teut. origin]
;

posed of white with ivory black, Indian red, & fpe'shep, n. (slang). = FREsmnan. [-er ] ]
Chinese blue F. horn * take F. leave, depart,
; fpe'shet, n. Rush of fresh water flowing into
;

act, without asking leave or giving notice; sea flood of river from heavy rain or melted ;

Frenchman, man of F. birth or nationality, snow, [fresh n. + -et 1 ]

(good &c.) F. -speaker, F. ship F. polish, kind fpe'shly, adv. Recently (only with partici-
;

of polish for wood; F.-polish v.t., polish with ples, =fresha,dv.); afresh (rare); with unabated
this, whence Freneh-po'lishER n.; F. roof,
1 vigour; withfreshappearance, odour, &c. [-LY 2]
mansard F, window, glaeed folding-door serv- fpet 1 , n., & v.t. Ornamental pattern made of
;

ing as window & door Frenchwoman, woman continuous combinationsofstraightlines joined

;

of France. (N.) the F. language (F. lesson, mas- usu. at right angles (also Greek f). (Vb) varie-
ter, &c, concerned with this); the F. (pi.), the F. gate, chequer adorn (esp. ceiling) with carved ;

people. Hence Fre'nehNESsn., Fpe*nehv 2 3 or embossed work. F.-saw, very narrow saw >

a. & n. [OEfrencisc (frank 1 -ish l )] stretched on frame for cutting thin wood in
,

Fre'nehify, f-, v.t. Make French in form, ornamental patterns fretwork, carved work in ;
character, or manners (usu. in p.p.). Hence decorative patterns esp. of straight lines, also
FpenchiFiCA'TiON n. [-fv] wood cut with f.-saw. [prob. f. OF frete trellis-
SFpb'nehless, a. Knowing no French, [-less] work & freter vb]
frenum. See fraenum. fpet 2, v.t. & i., & n. Gnaw, wear or consume
fpe'nzy, n., & v.t. Mental derangement, tem- or torment by gnawing, (of moths &c, horses
porary insanity, paroxysm of mania, (rare) de- champing bit, action of frost, rust, corrosives,
;

lirious fury or agitation, wild folly (vb, usu. in friction, &c, or the passions)
;
make (passage ;

3».p.) drive to f., infuriate, (frenzied rage, that &c.) by wearing away; chafe, irritate, annoy,
of a frenzied person), [f. OF frenesie f. LL worry, distress distress oneself with regret or
;

phrenesis (Gk phrenitikos frantic)] discontent (/. away or out one's life &c); (of
fpe'queney, n. Frequent occurrence, being stream &c.) flow or rise in little waves, chafe
repeated at short intervals, (of pulse) rapidity ruffle (water). (N.) irritation, vexation, queru-
(Physics) rate of recurrence (of vibration &c), lousness, (in af. ; /. &
fume on thefi); hence ;

number of repetitions in given time. [f. Lfre-
quentia (foil., -ency)]
fpe'quent l , a. Found near together, numer-
ous, abundant often occurring, common, hap-
; fpet 3 , n.
pening in close succession,
af. practice to), whence fpe'quentLY 2 adv.
(with agent-noun) habitual, constant, (a f.
caller), [f. L frequens -entis crowded cogn. w.
farcire farce 2 ]
fpeque'nt 2 , v.t. Go often or habitually to
(place, meetings, company, house). Hence or
cogn. fp^quentA'TiON, fpeque'ntER \ nn.
(of pulse) rapid, (it is
fpe'tFUL a., fpe'tfulLY 2 adv., fpe'tfulNESS
n., fpe'ttv 2 a. [OE fretan cf. Gfressen (fra-
cogn. w. for-, eat)]
Bar or ridge on fingerboard of
stringed instrument to regulate fingering.
Hence fpe'ttED 2 a. [perh. f. OF frete ferrule]
fpl'able, a. Easily crumbled. Hence or cogn.
fpiaBrLiTY, fpi'ableNESS, nn. [F, f. Lfriabi-
lis (friare crumble)]
fpi'ap, n. Member of certain religious orders
esp. the four mendicant orders of Franciscans
(Grey Ff. ),Augustmes Austin Ff.), Dominicans(

[f. Lfrequentare (prec.)] (Black Ff), & Carmelites (White Ff.) f.'s bal- ;
 ;; .;;

FRIARY 329 FRITTER

sain, tincture of benzoin. Hence fpi'aPLY * a. broad band of sculpture filling this band of ;
[ME & OF frere f. Lfratrem nom. -ter brother] decoration elsewhere, [f. F frise prob. con-
fpi'apy, n. Convent of friars, [f. obs. frary nected w. It. fregio fringe f. 'LPhrygium (opus
i. OF frairie, frerie (frere see prec.) w. assim. work) of Phrygia]
to prec. ; or f. prec. w. -y for -ry(3) by mistake fpi'gfate (-at), n. (Hist.) warship next in size
of -ar for -er j ] &
equipment to ships of the line, with 28-60
fpi'bble, v.i., &
n. Trifle, be frivolous ; (n.) guns on main deck & raised quarter-deck &
trifler. [iniit. ; earlier senses stammer, totter] forecastle ; (mod., loosely for) cruiser ; (also/.-
&
frreandeau (-do), n. (pi. -x pr. -z), v.t. Slice bird) large swift. tropical bird of prey. [f. F
of fried or stewed meat, esp. veal, served with frigate f. It. fregata etym. dub.]
sauce ; (vb) make into ft [FJ fright (-it), n., v.t. Sudden fear, violent &
fricassee*, n., v.t. &
Meat cut up, fried or terror, alarm ; grotesque-looking person ; (vb,
stewed, &served with sauce, esp., ragout of poet.) frighten. [OE fryhto metathetic form of
birds or small animals cut up ; (vb) make f. of. fyrhto cf. OE forht, G furcht]
[f. F fricassee (fricasser vb etyin. dub.)] fpig-h'ten, v.t. Throw into a fright, terrify,
fri'eative (-a-), a. &
n. (Consonant) made by (often oiit of, into, doing) drive away, out of ;

friction of breath in narrow opening, as /, th, (place &c), into (submission &c), by fright;
Scotch ch. [f. hfricare rub + -ative] frightened at or of. [prec. (n.) + -en <>]
fri'etion, n. Medical chafing rubbing of two fpigli'tful, a. Frightening (archaic) ; dread-
;

bodies, attrition; (Physics, Mech.) resistance ful, shocking, revolting ugly, hideous, whence ;

body meets with in moving over another {angle fpig-h'tfulNESS n. ; (slang) very great, awful.
off, maximum angle at which one will remain Hence fpiglvtfulLY 2 ad v. [-ful]
on another without sliding) ;f.-ball, used in bear- fpi'gld (-j-), a. Cold (esp. of climate or air /. ;

ings to lessen f. f. -clutch, -cone, -coupling, -disk, zone, region enclosed by either polar circle)
;

-gear(ing), contrivances for transmitting mo- without ardour, apathetic, formal, forced;
tion by f. Hence fpi'etionAL, fri'etionLEss, chilling, depressing ; dull, flat, insipid. Hence
aa. [F, f. L frictionem {fricare rub, -ion)] or cogn. fpig-i'diTY, fpi'gidNESS, nn., fpi'-
Fri'day, n. Sixth day of week (Good F., F. gldLY 2 adv. [f L frigidus (frigere be cold f .

before Easter-day,commemorating Crucifixion frigus n. cold)]

BlackF., used as namef or various disasters that fpill, n. Ornamental edging of woven mate-
fell on F.). [OE frigedseg; com.-WG transl. of rial, one side of strip being gathered & the
LL dies Veneris day of planet Venus, cf. G other left loose with fluted appearance similar ;

Freitag = day of Frig wife of Odin]

; paper ornament on ham-knuckle &c. natural ;

friend (frend), n., & v.t. One joined to an- fringe of feathers, hair, &c, on bird, animal, or
other in intimacy & mutual benevolence inde- plant (pi.) airs, affectation, (puts on ff.) me- ; ;

pendently of sexual or family love person who sentery of animal ; (Photog.) puckered gelatine
;

acts for one, e.g. as second in duel (loosely) ac- film at edge of plate. Hence fpHIed 2 a. fpi'll-
; ,

quaintance, stranger that one comes across or ery(5), fpi-lliNG J (3, 6), nn. [?]
has occasion to mention anew, (my f. in the fringe (-j-), n., & v.t. Ornamental bordering
brown hat now left me used in voc. as polite of threads left loose or formed into tassels or
;

form or in irony, & by Quakers as ordinary ad- twists ; such bordering made separately bor- ;

dress my honourable f, of another M.P. in der, edging, (Neicgatef, beard allowed to grow
;

House of Commons my learned f, of another below shaven chin) front hair cut short & al-
; ;

lawyer in court) (pi.) one's near relations, those lowed to hang over forehead natural border
; ;

responsible for one; sympathizer,helper, patron, of hair &c. in animal or plant hence fpin*g"e- ;

(no f. of or to order, virtue, &c; af. at court, less, fpi'ng-Y 2 aa. Vb) adorn or encircle with , (

one whose influence maybe made use of); help- f., serve as f. to hence fpi'ng-iNGMS) n. [ME ;

ful thing (my shyness icas here my bestf); one & OF frenge f L JimbiHa] .

who is not an enemy, who is on the same side fpi'ppepy, n. Finery, needless or tawdry
be, keep, make, ff., be or get on good terms ; F., adornment esp. in dress empty display esp. in ;

Quaker (Society ofFf, the Quakers as a com- literary style knick-knacks, trifles, [f. OF/re- ;

munion); hencefpie'ndLESsa., fpie'ndless- perie (frepe rag, -ery")]

NESSn. (Vb, poet.) befriend, help. [com.-Teut.; fpise'tte (-z-), n. Band of small artificial
OEfriond, cf. Gfreund; p.p. of OTeut. frijo- curls on forehead. [F (friser frizz)]
gan love (OE/reo?t see free *> 2 ), -nd
2
] fpiseup (frezer'), n. Hairdresser, [as prec]
fpie'ndly, a., n., & adv. Acting, disposed to Fpi'sian (-z-), a. & n. (Native, language) of
act, as friend characteristic of friends, express- Friesland. [f. L Frisii pi. f. OFris. Frise + -an]
;

ing, showing, or prompted by, kindness (/. lead frisk, v.i., & n. Move sportively, gambol (v.
among London poor, entertainment to raise & n.). Hence fpi'skY 2 a., fpi'skiLY 2 adv.,
funds for distressed person); not hostile, on fpi'skiNESS n. [f. obs. frisk a. f. OF frisque,
amicable terms, (a f. nation f. action at law, ; lively perh. cogn. w. fresh]
brought merely to get a point decided /. match, ; fpi'sket, n. (print.). Thin iron frame with
played for honour merely, not in competition tapes across it keeping sheet in position while
for cup &c); favourably disposed, ready to ap- printing, [f. F frisquette etym. dub.]
proveorhelp,(of things) serviceable, convenient, fpit, n., &
v.t. Calcined mixture of sand &
opportune F. Society, for mutual insurance
; fluxes as material for glass-making; vitreous
against distress in sickness or old age hence ; composition from wr hich soft porcelain is made
fpie'ndliLY 2 (rare) adv., fpie'ndliNESS n. (vb) make into f., partially fuse, calcine, [f. It.
(N., w. pi.) native of f. tribe. (Adv., rare) in fritta fern. p.p. of friggere fry 2 ]
f. manner(used, received, usf). [OE fr&ondlic fpi*t-fly,n. Smail fly destructive to wheat. [?]
3i.,fr6ondlice adv., see -ly 2 ] fpith. See firth.
friendship, n. Being friends, relation be- fpi'tillapy (or -ti"-), n. Kinds of liliaceous
tween friends; friendly disposition felt or plant, esp. Snakeshead ; kinds of butterfly, [f.
shown, [-ship] L fritillus dice-box + -ary a
]
fpieze 1 , n. Coarse woollen cloth with nap fpi'ttep \ n. Piece of fried batter often con-
usu. on one side only. [f. F frise (friser curl)] taining slices of fruit &c. (apple, oyster, &c.,/.);
fpieze 2 , n. Member of entablature coming (pi.) = fenks. [f. F fHture (L frigere frict-
between architrave & cornice horizontal ; fry 2 , -ure), see -er 2 (3)]
11*
 ;
;

FRITTER 330 FRONTISPIECE

fpi'ttep 2 , Subdivide minutely; throw v.t. ing appeal f. lower court dissuade f. folly)
; , ;

(time, money, energy, &c.) away on divided state changed for another (/. being attacked
aims. [f. obs. n. fritter(s) = obs. Jitters n. pi. f. became the aggressor; raise penalty f. banish-
obs. fitter v. perh. cogn. w. G fetzen rag, scrap ; ment to death) ; thing distinguished (doesn't
or f. OF freture f. L fractura fracture] know black f. white) source (dig gravel f. pit ; ;

fpi'vol (-vl), v.i. & t. Be a trifler, trifle ; throw draw conclusion f. 2>remisses quotations f, the ;

(money, time) away foolishly, [back-formation fathers) place of vantage &c. (saw it f. the ;

f. foil.] poop f. his point of view, as he sees things) ;

fpi'volous, a. Paltry, trumpery, trifling, fu- giver, sender, &c. (gifts f. Providence frocks ;

tile given to trifling, not serious, silly. Hence f. Worth's

; things not required f. me) model ; ;

or cogn. fpivd'liTV, fpi'volousNESS, nn., (painted f. nature) reason, cause, motive, ;

fpi'volousLV 2 adv. [f. L frivohis (perh. f. (died f. fatigue suffering f. dementia /. his ; ;

fricare rub) + -ous] looks you might suppose) advbs or advl phrr. ;

fpiz(z) i, v.t., & n. Curl, crisp, form into mass of place or time (/. long ago, of old, above, &c),
of small curls, (hair, or person &c. in regard to or prepositions (/. under her spectacles /. out ;

it) ; dress (wash-leather &c.) with pumice or the bed). [OE fram, from, forward cf. fro]
scraping-knife. (N.) frizzed state, frizzed hair, fpond, n. (Bot.) leaflike organ formed by
row of curls hence fpi'zzv 2 a. [f. F friser]
; union of stem & foliage in certain flowerless
fpi'zz 2, v.i. Make sputtering noise in frying, plants, esp. ferns, & differing from leaf in usu.
[f. fry 2 w. imit. terrain.] bearing fructification (Zool.) leaflike expan- ;

fpi'zzle \ v.t. & i., & n. Curl (t., & i. esp. with sion in some animal organisms. Hence fpo'nd-
ii2), of hair &c.) in small crisp curls. (X.) friz- age(1) n., fpondosE l
a. [f. Ijfrons -dis leaf]
zled hair hence fpi'zzlv 2 a. [etym. dub.; old-
; Fponde Party that rebelled(-awnd), n.
er than frizz l cf. OFris. frisle head of hair] ; against Mazarin & Court during minority of
fpi'zzle 2, v.i. t. Fry, toast, or grill, with & Louis XIV; malcontent party violent political ;

sputtering noise, [frizz 2 + -le(3)] opposition. [F, orig. = sling]

fpo, adv. Away (only in to f, backwards & & &
& t. Forehead front (-U-), n. a., v.i.
& forwards, or of repeated journeys between head &f., chief part or item) face (/. (poet. ; ;

two places), [f. ON f'rd prep. =OE from] tof. have the f., be impudent enough usu. to ;

fpock, n., & v.t. Monk's long gown with do present, show, a bold /.) (Mil.) foremost ; ;

loose sleeves, (fig.) priestly character (v.t., in- line or part of army &c, line of battle, part of
vest with priestly office, cf. unfrock) = ground towards real or imaginary enemy, scene ;

smock-/. sailor's woollen jersey child's skirt of actual fighting (go to the /., join troops on
; ;

(c bodice as outer dress for indoor use, (in re- campaign), direction in which formed line faces
cent fashionable use) woman's dress (also /.- (change f); (Arch.) any face of building, esp. ;

coat) man's long-skirted coat not cut away in that of main entrance fore part of anything ;

Jfront military coat of like shape, [f. Ffroc cf.

; (opp. back) band of false hair, set of false ;

med.L froccus, floecus pern. = flock 1 as curls, worn over woman's forehead breast'of
; ;

"woollen, or f. OHG hroch (G rock) coat] man's shirt, also dicky; (with prep.) forward
fpog" , n. Tailless amphibious animal deve-
1 position (in f. of, before, in advance of, con-
loped from tadpole (contempt, for) Frenchman ;
fronting ; inf. ; come to the f, become conspicu-
(as eating ff.), whence Fpo'g-gv 3 n. /. -eater, ous) ; (ellipt.) = in f. as adv. or adj. (were beset
Frenchman f.-fish, kinds of fish esp. the Ang- f.
;
rear two-pair f., second-floor room in f.)
;

& ;

ler f.'s, /., -march, carrying of prisoner face frontsman, salesman stationed on pavement
downwards by four men holding a limb each in f. of shop; hence fpo'ntWARD a. & adv.,
;

/. -spawn, lit., & as name for kinds of freshwater fpo'nt wards adv. (Adj.) of the, situated in,
algae. Hence fpo'ggv 2 a. (esp. = cold as a f.). f. (/. bench, reserved for ministers or ex-minis-
[OE frogga, also frox cf. G frosch] ters in Parliament houses /. door, chief en- ;

fvog 2, n. Elastic horny substance in middle trance of house). (Vb) face, look, to, towards,
of sole of horse's foot. [?] up(on) face, stand opposite to have f. on side ; ;

fpog" 3 , n. Attachment to waistbelt to support of (street &c.) confront, meet, oppose furnish ; ;

sword, bayonet, &c. militar y coat-fastening of with f. (fronted with stone); (Mil.) turn (i. & t.)
;

spindle-shaped button & loop, whence fvogg- to the f (often as word of command), [n. OF, f. .

ed 2 a. [perh. f. Port, froco f. L floecus flock 1 ] L frons frontis vb f. OF fr outer] ;

fpogr 4, n. Grooved piece of iron at place in fpentage (-vl-, -ij), n. Land abutting on
railway where tracks cross. [?] street or water, land between front of building
fpo'lie, a. (archaic), v.i., & n. Joyous, mirth- & road, whence fpo'ntag-ER^l) n. extent of ;

ful, sportive, full of pranks (vb) play pranks, front front of building ground occupied by
; ; ;

gambol (n.) outburst of gaiety, prank, merri- troops in camp or on parade facing a certain
; ;

ment, merry-making, gay party. Hence fpo*- way, exposure, outlook, [-age]
liesoME a., fpo'liesomeLY 2 adv., fpo'lie- fpo'ntal 1 (-u-), n. Covering fpr front of
somexEss n. [f. Du. vrolijk adj. cf. Gfrohlich altar facade, [f. OF frontel f. LL frontale ;

(MDu. vrb glad, -like)] (FRONT, -AL)]

fpom, prep, expressing separation & intro- fpo'ntal 2 (-G-), a. Of forehead (/. bone,
ducing :— person, place, &c, whence motion artery) of, on, front (/. attack, delivered direct, ;

takes place (comes f. the clouds repeated f. not on flank or rear), [-al] ;

mouth to moxdh) starting-point (/. title to colo- fpo'ntiep (-u-, -6-), n. Part of a country that
;

phon, throughout book /. 2nd July /. day to borders on another (attrib.) of, on, the f. [OF
; ; ;

day, daily /. time to time, occasionally /. a (front, -aria -arv ] )]

;
;
child, since childhood) inferior limit (saw f. Fpo*ntig nae (-inyak), n.
; muscat wine, ,
A
10 to 20 beats) object &c. whence distance or [erron. for -nan, name of French town]
;

remoteness is reckoned or stated (ten miles f. fpo'ntispieee (-u-), n., & v.t. (Arch.) princi-
Rome am far f. saying /. home, out, away pal face of building, decorated entrance, pedi-
; :
;
absent, away, f. home apart f. its moral as- ment over door &c. illustration facing title-
; ;

pect) thing or person got rid of, escaped, page of book or one of its divisions (vb, supply
; •

avoided, of which one is deprived &c, person with as f.) face (esp. in boxing slang), [f. F ;

or thing deprived, (took his sword f. him re- frontispice f. med.L frontispicium counten- ;

leased him f. prison cannot refrain f. laugh- ance (front, specere look) w. assim. to piece]
;
 ; ;

FRONTLESS 331 FUCUS

fpo'ntless (-u-), a. Unblushing (rare) ; with- n., fpirg-alLY 2 adv. [f. L frugalis (frugi in-
out front, [-less] decl. adj. ovig. dat. of frux profit + -al]
fpo'ntlet (-u-), n. Band worn on forehead = ; fpuit (-oot), n., & v.i. & t. (Usu. pi.) vegetable
phylactery animal's forehead cloth hang-
; ; products fit for food (usu. ff. of the ear'th), so
ing over upper part of altar frontal, [f. OF fpui'tAGEd) n.; plant's or tree's edible product
(frontal 1 -let)]
frontelet , of seed with its envelope (also collect, in sing.,
fponto-, comb, form of L frons -its = of the as feeds onf); vegetable seed with envelope as
forehead &— , as f. -nasal, [for fronti- (-I-, -o-)J means of reproduction (bibl.) offspring (usu. ;

fpo'nton (fru-), n. Pediment. [F, f. It. /. of the body, loins, xcomb) produce of action, ;

front one (front, -oon)] (pi.) revenues produced (the ff. of industry) ;

fpope, a. (poet.). Frozen, frosty, [archaic (sing, or pi.) result, issue, consequence f.-cake, ;

p.p. of freeze] containing currants &c. /. clipper, fast ship ;

fpost (-aw-, -o-), n., & v.t. Freezing, pre- carrying f. f.-knife, with silver &c. blade
;

valence of temperature below freezing-point against acid f. -piece, picture of f. f. -sugar,

; ;

of water (ten &c. degrees off. hard, sharp, f. ; ; glucose, levulose, or fructose ; f.-tree, grown for
white or hoar, black, /., with, without, rime; its f hence (-)fpuitED 2 a. (Vb) bear, make
. ;

Jack F., f. personified), frozen state or con- bear, f. _[OF, f. L fructus -us (frui enjoy)]
sistency (there is still f. in the ground), frozen fpuitap'ian, n. Feeder on fruit, [-arian]
dew or vapour (windows covered tvithf.) influ- ; fpui'tep, n. Fruit-ship ; tree producing fruit
ence that chills, makes grey, &c. (slang) fail- ; (a suref); fruit-grower, [fruit n. v., -er 1 ] &
ure ;f.-bite, inflammation or gangrene of & be- fpui'tepep, n. Dealer in fruit, [-er * doubled]
low skin from severe cold, f. -bitten, affected fpui'tful, a. Productive, fertile, causing fer-
with this f.-work, tracery made by f. on glass
; tility productive of offspring, prolific, (lit. &
;

&c. ;hence fpo'stLESS a. (Vb) nip, injure, fig. ;a session f. in great measures) benefi- ;

(plants &c.) with f. cover (as) with rime, pow-; cial, remunerative, whence fpui'tfulLY 2 adv.
der with coating of sugar &c, whence fpo'st- Hence fpui'tfulNESS n. [-ful]
ing ! (3) n.; give roughened or finely granulated fpuition (frooi'shn), n. Enjoyment, attain-
surface to (glass, metal) turn (hair) white ; ; ment of thing desired, realization of hopes &c.
arm (horse's shoes) against slipping by nails &c. [OF, f. Lfruitionem (frui fruit-, enjoy, -ion)]
[com.-Teut.; cf. G frost; cogn. w. freeze] fpui'tless, a. Not bearing fruit yielding no ;

fpo'sty, a. Cold with frost cold, chilling, ; profit, ineffectual, useless, empty, vain. Hence
frigid, lacking in warmth of feeling covered, ; fpui'tlessLY 2 adv., fpui'tlessNESS n. [-less]
seeming to be covered, with hoar-frost. Hence fpui'tlet, n. (bot. ). =drupel. [-let]
fpo'stiL y 2 adv. fpo'stixEss n. [-y 2]
, fpui'ty, a. Of fruit (of wine) tasting of the ;

fpoth (-aw-, -6-), n., & v.i. & t. Collection of grape, whence fpui'tiNESS n. [-Y 2]
small bubbles, foam impure matter on liquid, ; fpirmenty (oo), fup'mety, n. Hulled
scum worthless matter, idle talk, &c. hence
; ; wheat boiled in milk & seasoned with cinna-
fpo'thv 2 a., fpo'thiLY 2 adv., fpo'thiNESS n. mon, sugar, &c. [f. OF frumentee (frument I. L
(Vb) emit, gather, cause (beer &c.) to foam,
f.; frumentum corn), -y 4
]
[perh. f. ON frotha cf.OE d-freothan to f.] fpump, n. Old-fashioned dowdily-dressed
fpou*-fpou (-00-, -oo), n. Rustling, esp. of woman. Hence fpirmpiSH 1 fpirmpy 2 , , aa. [?]
dresses. [F, iniit.] fpu'stpate, a. (archaic). Frustrated, [f. L
fpow (-ow), n. Dutchwoman, [f. Du. vrouw frustratus (foil., -ate 2 )]
= G fro. u woman] fpustpa'te Balk, baffle, neu-
(also fru'-), v.t.
fpowapd (fro ard), a. (archaic). #
Perverse, tralize, counteract, disappoint. So fpustPA'-
refractory. Hence fpowardLY 2 adv., fpo- tion n. [f. L frustrari (frustra in vain), -ate 3 ]
wardxESS n. [fro, -ward] fpu'stule, n. Two-valved shell of diatom.
fpown, v.i. & t., & n. Knit brows esp. to ex- [F, f. LL frust ulum (foil., -ule)]
press displeasure or concentrate attention (of ; fpirstum, n. (pi. -ta, -turns). Remainder of
things) present gloomy aspect express dis- ; regular solid whose upper part has been cut off
approbation (at, on, tipon) put (interrupter, ;
by plane parallel to base, or part intercepted
interruption, &c.) down with f. express (defi- ; between two planes. [L, = piece broken off]
ance &c.) with f. hence fpowningLY 2 adv. ; fpute'seent, a. (bot.). Of the nature of a
(N.) vertically furrowed state of brow look ex- ; frutex. [for fridicescent (foil., -escent)]
pressing severity, disapproval, or deep thought, fpu*tex, n. (bot.). Woody-stemmed plant
[f. OF froignier perh. f. Teut. cf. Sw. dial. fi*yna, smaller than tree, shrub. [L (genit. -ids)]
Norw. froyna, make wry face] fpu'ticoss, a. (Bot.) shrubby; (of minerals,
frowst, n., & v.i. Fusty heat in room (vb, zoophytes, &c.) looking like shrub, [prec, -ose 1 ]
stay in, enjoy, this'). Hence fpowstv 2 a. [?] fpy l , n. Young fishes fresh from the spawn
frowzy, a. Ill-smelling, fusty, musty, close ;
young of salmon in second year young of other ;

slatternly, unkempt, dingy. Hence fpow'zi- creatures produced in large numbers, e.g. bees
ness n. [?] or frogs sviall f. young or insignificant beings,
; ,

fpoze(n). See freeze. children &c. [f. ON /Wo seed]

fpucti'fepous, a. Bearing fruit, [f. L fpy 2 , v.t. & i., & n. Cook (t. & i.) in boiling
fructifer (fruit, -ferous)] fat (other fish to /.; frying-pan, shallow pan
1

fpuetifiea'tion, n. (hot). Fructifying re- ; used ; out of frying-pan into fire, from bad to
productive parts of plant, esp. of ferns & mosses, worse). (N.) fried meat ; various internal parts
[f. hfructificatio (foil., -fication)] of animals usu. eaten fried, esp. lamb's f. [f. F
fpiretify, v.i. & t. Bear fruit (lit. & fig.) frire f. \ifmgere cf. Gk phrugo]
make fruitful, impregnate, [f. F fructifieri. L fpyep, fpi'ep, n. Vessel for frying fish, [-er 1 ]
fructificare (fruit, -fy)] fu'bsy (-zi), a. Fat or squat, [f. obs. fubs
fpu'ctose, n. Fruit sugar, [f. L fructus small fat person]
fruit + -OSE 2 ] fuehsia(fu'sha), n. Drooping-flowered shrub.
fpu'ctuous, a. Full of, producing, fruit (lit. [mod.L (Bhtchs 16th-c. German
botanist, -ia 1 )]
& fig.). [OFz f. L fructuosus (fruit, -ous)] fu'chsine (fook-), n. Salt of rosaniline form-
fpu'gal (-00-), a. Careful, sparing, economi- ing deep red dye. [prec. (f. resemblance of
cal, esp. asregards food sparingly used or sup- ; colour to flower) + -ine 4 ]
plied, costing little. Hence or cogn. fpug'a'liTY fu'cus, n.(pl.-ci pr.-si). Kinds of seaweed with
 ; ;

FUDDLE 332 FULLNESS

flat leathery fronds. Hence fu'com a. [L, = work). Hence fulfi'lMENTn. [OE fullfyllan
rock-lichen, cf. Gk phokos] (FULL 1 FILL)] ,

fu'ddle, v.i. & t., & n. Tipple, booze intoxi- fu'lgrent, a. (poet. & rhet.). Shining, brilliant,
;

cate stupefy, confuse (n.) spell of drinking (on [f. ~Lfulgere shine, -ent]
; ;

the /.), intoxication, confusion, [cf. Du. vod fu*lg:urite, n. (Geol.) rocky substance fused
slack, G dial, fuddeln swindle] or vitrified Dy lightning, tube made by passage
fudge !, int. & n. Nonsense!; nonsense. [I] of lightning into sandy soil an explosive, [f. L ;

fudgre 2, v.t. & i., & n. Fit together, patch, fulgur lightning -f- -ite 1 (2)]
make up, in a makeshift or dishonest way, cook, fuli'grinous, a. Sooty, dusky, [f. hfuligino-
fake practise such methods (n.) piece of fudg- sus (fuligo -inis soot, -ous)]
;

full* (fdbl), a., v.t., & adv. Filled to utmost

;

ing, [perh. f. obs. fadge v.i., fit]

fu'cl, n., & v.t. & i. (-11-). Material for fires, capacity, holding all (of, or abs.) its limits will
firing, coal, wood, &c; something that feeds or allow, replete, (/. to the brim, to overflowing, &
inflames passion &c. (Vb) supply (fire) with f. colloq. up), (of heart &c.) overcharged with emo-
get f. [f. OF fowaille f. pop. ~Lfocalia neut. pi. tion (f.-hearted, stirred with deep feeling, also
olfocalis (focus hearth, -al)] zealous, confident, courageous) holding or hav- ;

fug", n. Fustiness of air in room fluff & dust ing abundance of, crowded (in af. house, with
;

collected in corners &c. Hence fu'grgfY a. [?] a good proportion of members present^ show-
2
fugra'cious, a. Fleeting, evanescent, hard to ing marked signs of(f. of vitality) engrossed ;

capture or keep. So fugrA'ciTY n. [f. Lfugax with the thought of (f. of himself, of his sub-
(fugere flee, -acious)] ject; f. of the news &c, unable to keep from
fui'gral, a. Of the nature of a fugue. Hence talking of it) replete with food (archaic of per- ;

fu'g-alLY 2 adv. [-al] sons af. stomach) (chiefly bibl.) having had
; ;

-fug:e, suf. in adjj. & nn. f. mod.L in -fugus. one's fill of (f. of years honours); abundant, &
Ace. to L anal, the sense should be fleeing from sufficient, copious, satisfactory, (a f. meal;
(fugere) as in L lucifugxes, erifuga but in the turned it to f. account give f. details
; he is ; ;

mod. formations it is putting to flight (fugare) very f. on this point) complete, entire, perfect, ;

as in febrifuge, vermifuge. answering completely to its name, reaching the

fu'gritive, a. & n. Flying, running away, that specified or usual limit, entirely visible, (f. point
has taken flight flitting, shifting; evanescent, ovstop, period in punctuation ; /. daylight, mem-
;

of short duration, quickly fading (of literature) bership f. brother, sister, born of same father
; ;

of passing interest, ephemeral, occasional. (N.) and mother; of the f. blood, of pure descent, not
one who flees esp. from danger, enemy, justice, hybrid, sof.-blooded, & see below /. pay, that ;

or owner exile, refugee. [F (-if, -ive), f. L fugi- allowed on active service /. age, after minority;
; ;
2 & so
tives (fugere fugit- flee, -ive)] f. dress f. -dress rehearsal; f. -dress de- ,

fu'gleman, n. (pi. -men). Soldier formerly bate in Parliament, prearranged on important

placed before regiment &c. while drilling to question, notarising casually; /. swing n.; atf.
show the motions & time ; leader, organizer, length, lying stretched out, also -inf. below;
spokesman, whence by back-formation fu'grle f. -length portrait &c, of whole figure; /. moon,
v.i. [f. Gflugelmann (fliigel wing, mann man)] with whole disk illuminated, also the time when
fugrue (fug), n., v.i. & t. &
Polyphonic com- this comes /. face, turned straight to spectator ;

position on one or more short themes contra- waited af. hour it wasf. summer) ; (of light) ;

pun tally harmonized & re-introduced from time intense, (of colour) deep, (of motion &c.) vigor-
to time ; hence fu*g:uiST(l) n. (Vb) compose or ous (af. pulse /. gallop, speed, &c, used adv. ;

perform f. ( fuguing or fugued, in the form of with come &c.); swelling, plump, protuberant,
a f ). [ F, f It. & L fuga fl ight]
. . (of dress) containing superfluous material ar-
-ful, suf. orig. = full a. (1) forming adjj. f. nn., ranged in folds &c. (vb, make f., gather, pleat)
vr. sense full of (beautiful), & sometimes having f.-back, football player stationed behind /.- ;

qualities of (masterful); also adjj. f. adjj. or f. L blooded, vigorous, hearty, sensual, & see above
adj. stems (direful, grateful, tristfid), perh. on /. -bodied, esp. of wine with much body; f.-bot-
anal, of older synonyms in -ful ; also f. vv. (for- to?nedolvfig,\ongbehind,o-pp.BOB l ;f. -mouthed,
getful), arising perh. f. cases in which first com- (of cattle) with f. complement of teeth, (of dogs)
ponent might in form be either n. or v. (helpful, baying loudly, (of oratory, style, &c.) sonorous,
& esp. thankful where the sing. n. being disused vigorous f. -timer, child who attends during all ;

thank would naturally be taken for verb); a pass, school-hours (opp. half-timer); (used abs. as n.)
sense is seen in bashful = abashable. (2) form- whole (cannot tell you thef. of it inf., without ;

ing nn., w. sense amount required to fill (hand- abridgment to the /., to the utmost extent, ;

ful). Handful is a differentiation f hand full, quite) height, acme, (season, moon, is past
. ;

which in the Teut. langg. had orig. besides its thef.); hencefu*lliSH 1 (2)a. (Adv.) very (chiefly
literal sense that of quantity that fills a hand. poet. /. fain f. many a knoiv itf. well); quite,
; ; ;

The differentiation is not carried out equally in fully, (/. six miles ; f. as useful as often in ;

all langg., Ghandvoll &c. taking their gender f. comb., as f.-blown, of flowers, quite open, also
first component, though written as single wds. fig. as f.-b. dignity f.-grown, having reached ;

In mod. E -ful is a living suf. freely added to nn. maturity) exactly (hit him f. on the nose). ;

(boxful, houseful, churchful); a reminiscence of [Aryan cf. G voll, Skr. puma, L plenus, Gk ;

its orig. is seen in spoonsful, cupsful, which are pleres]

ambiguous & contrary to good mod. usage. full 2 (fdbl), v.t. Cleanse & thicken (cloth), [f.
fu'lerum, n. (pi. -ra). (Mech.) point against OF fouler see foil 2 ]
which lever is placed to get purchase or on which fu'ller 1 (fo"b-), n. One who fulls cloth; /.'s
it turns or is supported means by which influ- earth, hydrous silicate of alumina. [-ER *]
;

ence &c. is brought to bear (Bot.; usu. pi.) ac- ; fu*lleP 2 (fdb-), n., & v.t. Grooved tool on which
cessory organs, appendages, e.g. bracts, tendrils. iron is shaped groove made by this esp. in ;

[L, = post of couch (fulcire to prop)] horse-shoes (vb) stamp with f. [?] ;

fulfi'l (fob-), v.t. (-11-). ful(l)ness, n. Being full l esp.: (bibl.) the
Bring to consumma- ;

tion, carry out, (prophecy, promise), satisfy (de- f. of the heart, emotion, genuine feelings, thef.
sire, prayer) perform, execute, do, (command, of time, the destined time, the f. of the world
;

law) answer (purpose), comply with (condi- &c, all that fills it (of sound, colour, &c.) rich-
; ;

tions) bring to an end, finish, complete, (period, ness, volume, body, [-ness]
;
 ;;

FULLY 333 FUNNEL

fully (fob 'ID, adv. Completely, without defi- f unctionless or rudimentarv (Math.) of a func- ;

ciency ; quite (esp. with numbers). [-L Y 2 ] tion. Hence fu'netionalLY 2 adv. [-al]
firlmap (fob-), n. Sea-bird of petrel kind & functionary, n. & a. (X.) official (adj.) =
gull's size. [perh. f. ON fit foul + mar mew]
11
x prec. (not in math, sense), [-ary 1 ]
;

fu'lminant, a. Fulminating (Path., of dis- ;

fu'nctionate, v.i. = function v. [-ate 3
eases) developing suddenly, [f. L as foil., -ant] fund, n., & v.t. Permanent stock of some- ]

fu'lminate, v.i. & t. Flash like lightning, thing ready to be drawn upon (af of common
explode, detonate, (fulminating gold, mercury, sense, tenderness, labour, knowledge) stock of ;

&C various fulminates, see fulminic); thunder money, esp. one set apart for a purpose (sink l -
ingf)', (pi.) pecuniary resources (inff., having
forth, utter or publish, (censure) ; issue (usu.
official) censures aga inst (esp. of Pope). Hence money, flush) theff., stock of national debt as
;

or cogn. fulmiriA'TiON n., firlminatORY a. mode of investment (has £10,000 in the ff.', f.-
fulminare {fit I men lightning), -ate ]
If. L,
3 holder, such investor). (Vb) convert (floating
fu'lmine, v.t. & i. (poet.). Send forth (light- debt) into more or less permanent debt at fixed
ning, thunder) thunder (lit. & fig.), [as prec]
; interest put into a f., collect, store, (rare) in-
; ;

fulmrnie, a. (chem.). F. acid, nitro-acetoni- vest (money) in the ff. [f. L fundus bottom]
tril, an acid forming explosive salts with some fu'ndament, n. The buttocks, [f. "Lfunda-
metals. Hence fu'lminATE 1
^) n. [f. Lfulmen mention (found l -ment) foundation)]
,

-inis lightning + -ic] fundamental, a. & n. Of the groundwork,

fu'lness. See fullness. going to the root of the matter, serving as base
fu'lsome (fa-, fob-), a. Cloying, excessive, or foundation, essential, primary, original, from
disgusting by excess, (of flattery, servility, ex- which others are derived, (a f change the f. ;

aggerated affection). Hence fu*lsomeLY 2 adv., rules the f. form) (Mus.) /. note, lowest note
; ;

fu'lsomeNESs n. [full -some] l

, of chord, /. tone, produced by vibration of
fu'lvous, a. (nat. hist.). Reddish-yellow, taw- whole sonorous body (opp. harmonics produced
ny. So fulVE'SCENTa. [f. Lifulvu8 + -oiJ&\ by that of its parts) hence fundamenta'liTY
;

fuma'de, n. Smoked pilchard, [f. Sp.fumado n., fundame'ntalLY 2 adv. (X.) principle,
smoked, f. L fumare fume, -ado 1 ] rule, article, serving as groundwork of system
fu'mapole, n. Crevice in cone of volcano (usu. pi.) (Mus.) f. note or tone, [-al]
;

through which vapour issues, [f. F fumerolle f. fune'bpial, a. (rare). Of funeral (custom isf.
ljfumariolum dim. of fumarium smoke-cham- in origin), [f. hfunebris (funus see foll.)+ -al]
ber {fu?nus smoke, -ary 1 )] fu'nepal, a. & n. Of, used &c. at, burial or
fu'inble, v.i. & t., & n. Use the hands awk- cremation of the dead (/. pile, pyre, pile of wood
wardly, grope about, (at, with, fastening &c; &c. on which corpse is burnt /. urn, holding ;

for, after, thing sought) handle or deal with
awkwardly or nervously (f. the ball, not stop it
cleanly); hence ftrmblERin. (X.) bungling
attempt, [perh. f. OE folm palm of hand cf.
Du. fommelen]
; ashes of cremated dead ;/. oration). (X.) burial
of the dead with its observances, obsequies
burial procession, [adj. OF, f. med.L funeralis
; (h funus -eris funeral -f- -al); n. f. OF funeraille
f. med.L funeralia neut. pi. of funeralis, -al(2)]

fume, n., & v.t. & i. Odorous smoke, vapour, fu'nepapy, a. = funebrial. [f. LL fune-
or exhalation watery vapour noxious vapour
; ; rariusjepvee, -ary l )]
supposed to rise from stomach to brain (the ff. funep'eal, a. Appropriate to funeral, gloomy,
of wine &c; also fig. of excitement, enthusiasm, dismal, dark. Hence funep'ealLY 2 adv. [f.
&c.) fit of anger (in a f.)
; hence fu'mv 2 a. ; ~Lfunereus (funeral) -f -al]
(Vb) perfume with incense subject to chemical ; fungible <-j-), a. (legal). That can serve for,
fumes esp. those of ammonia (photographic orbe replaced by, anotheranswering to thesame
film, oak, to darken tints) emit ff.; (of vapour ; definition (of goods &c. contracted for, when an
&c. ) rise, be emitted ; be pettish, chafe, [n. f . OF individual specimen is not meant), [f. med.L
fum, vbf. Ffumer, f. L fumus, fumare, smoke] fungibilis f. fungi (vice) serve (turn), -ible]
furmig-ate, v.t. Apply fumes to disinfect ; fu'ngieide (-j-), n. Fungus-destroying sub-
or purify with fumes perfume. Hence fumi- ;
stance, [fungus, -i-, -cide]
g A-TiON,fu mig atOR
,
2 (l, 2), nn. [f. hfumigare
, ,
fu'ngin (-j-), n. Substance forming cell- walls
(fumus smoke), -a.te 3 ]
of fungus, [-in]
fu'mitopy, n. Herb formerly used in medi- fu'ngous, a. Of fungi, having nature of a
cine, [f. OF fumeterre f. med.L fumus terrae fungus ; springing up like a mushroom, transi-
earth-smoke, w. assim. to -ory] tory, [f. L fungosus (foil., -ose l )]
fun, n., & v.i.
amusement, jocularity, fu'ngus, n. (pi. -gi pr. -ji, -uses). Mushroom,
Sport,
drollery, (makef. of, poke f. at, ridicule for /., toadstool, or allied plant including moulds ;

as a joke is good, great, /., very amusing like (Bot.) cryptogamous plant without chlorophyll
; ;

/., vigorously, quickly, much; what f. !, how feeding on organic matter thing of sudden ;

amusing (vb; rare) indulge in f., joke. [perh. growth (Path.) spongy morbid growth or ex-
!) ; ;

f. qbs. fon befool, etym. dub.] crescence skin-disease of fish. Hence fu*n- ;

funa'mbulist, n. Rope-walker, [f. L/wnam- fTAL, fu'ngiFORM (-j-), fungi'voRous (-j-),

bultts( funis rope, ambulare walk), -ist] u'ngoiD, fu'ngus y 2 aa. [L, perh. cogn. w. ,

fu'nction, n., & v.i. Activity proper to any- Gk sphoggos sponge]

thing, mode of action by which it fulfils its pur- funi'culap, a. Of a rope or its tension (/.
pose office-holder's duty, employment, profes- railway, worked by cable & stationary engine),
;

sion, calling religious or other public ceremony [f. L funiculus (funis cord, -cule) + -ar 1 ]
;

or occasion, social meeting of formal or impor- funk, n., & v.i. & t., (slang). Fear, panic, (blue
tant kind (Math.) variable quantity in relation /., terror); coward; hence fu'nkv 2 a. (Vb)
;

to other(s) in terms of which it may be expressed flinch, shrink, show cowardice (try to) evade ;

or on which its value depends hence fu'ne- (undertaking), shirk be afraid of, intimidate,
; ;

tionLESS a. (Vb) fulfil a f., operate, act. [OF, [called Oxford slang in 1743 etym. dub.] ;

f. L functionem (fungi funct- perform, -ion)] fu'nnel, n. Diminishing tube, or truncated

functional, a. Official, merely formal, (rare); cone & tube, for conducting liquid, powder, &c,
(Physiol.) of, affecting, the functions of an or- into small opening ventilating or lighting shaft; ;

gan &c. only, not structural or organic (esp. of metal chimney of steam, engine or ship f.- ;

diseases), (of organ) having a function, not shaped lower part of chimney. Hence (-)fun-
 ; ;; ;

FUNNIMENT 334 FUSIL.

nellED 2 a. [ME foriel perh. thr. OF (cf. Breton fupop'e, Enthusiastic admiration, rage,
n.
founil) f. L infundibulum f. \xi(furidere pour)] craze. [It., f. L furorem (furere
be mad, -or 1 )]
fu'nniment, n. Joke, drollery, [foil., -ment] fu'ppiep, n. Dealer in, dresser of furs, [-ier] ,

fu'nny a. Affording fun, comical curious,

]
, ; fup'ping , n. 1
In vbl senses also (Ship-build.), ;

queer, perplexing, hard to account for ; f.-bone, doubling of planks on ship's side, [-ing 1 ]
part of elbow over which ulnar nerve passes ; fu'ppow (-6), n., & v.t. Narrow trench made
f.-man, prof essional jester. Hence fu'nniLY - by plough ship's track rut, track, groove,
; ;

adv., fu*nniNESs n. [-y 2 ] long indentation, deep wrinkle, hollow between

fu'nny 2 , n. Narrow clinker-built boat for ridges; /. -slice, slice of earth turned up by
one sculler, [perh. f. prec.J mould-board of plough hence fu'PPOWLESS, ;

fup, n., & v.t. & i. or lining made

Trimming fu'ppowy 2 aa. ( Vb) plough make ff. grooves,
, ; ,

of dressed coat of certain animals, e. g. ermine, &c, in mark with wrinkles, [com. -Teut. OE
; ;

beaver; coat of such animals as material for furh cf. Du. voor, G furche]
trimming &c. (usu. pi.) garment(s) of or having
;
fup'thep (-dh-), adv. & a. (for usage of fur-,
f. ; short fine soft hair of certain animals dis- far-, see farther etym.), & v.t. To or at more
tinguished from the longer hair, (pi.) skins of advanced point in space or time (unsafe to
such animals with the f. ; (collect.) furred ani- proceed f. ; &
then to lapse unless f. continued) ;
mals (esp. /. &
feather; hunt/., hares); crust to greater extent, more, (inquire'f.) ; (also fur-
adhering to surface, e. g. deposit of wine ; coat- thermore) in addition, moreover, also (esp. in-
ing formed on tongue in sickness ; crust of car- troducing fresh consideration in argument)
bonate of lime in kettle &c; hence fup'PY 2 a. at greater distance (III see you f. first, euphem.
(Vb; esp. in p.p.) provide (garment, animal), for in hell, as strong refusal of request). (Adj.)
clothe (person), coat (tongue, inside of kettle going beyond what exists or has been dealt
also intr., become coated), with f. ; clean f. from with, additional, (threats of f. punishment;
(boiler); (Carpent.) level (floor-timbers) by in- till f. notice, in announcing arrangement to
serting strips of wood. [n. f. vb, OF forrcr continue during pleasure) more distant (on ;

(now fourrer) f. Rom. foderare sheathe, line, f. the f. side), whence fup'thePMOST a. (Yb)
Teut. (OE fdddor cf. Gfutter lining)] help on, promote, favour, (undertaking, move-
fup'below, n., & v.t. Flounce, pleated bor- ment, cause) hence fup'thePAXCE n., fuF*-
;

der of skirt or petticoat (pi., contempt.) showy ; thepsoME [OEfurthor adv., furthra adj.,
a.
ornaments kind of wrinkled seaweed (vb)
; ;
(fore 2 -ther), fyHhrian vb]
,

adorn with ff. [corrupt, of falbala] furthest (-dh-), a. & adv. = farthest.
fup'bish, v.t. Remove rust from, polish up, [superl. formed f. prec]
burnish give new look to, renovate, revive,
; fup'tive, a. Done by stealth, clandestine,
(something antiquated usu. tip), [f. GFforbir ; meant to escape notice sly, stealthy; stolen, ;

(-iSH 2 )f. OHG forban] taken secretly thievish, pilfering.

; Hence
fup'eate 1 (-at, -at), a. Forked, branched. fup'tiveLY 2 adv., fup'tivexESS n. [F (-if,
Hence fupea'to- comb. form. [f. med.L fur- -ive), f. Lifurtivus (furtum theft, -ive)]
catus (Lfurea fork, -ate 2 )] fup*unele,_n. Boil, tumour. Hence fup-
fupea'te 2, v.i. Form a fork, divide. So fup- u'nculAR, fupu'neulous, aa. [f. Lfuruncu-
CA~tion n. [f. Lfurea fork + -ate 3 ] lus_(fur thief, -uncle)]
fup'ious, a. Full of fury, raging, frantic, fup'y, n. Fierce passion, wild anger, rage,
violent; fast &
/., (of mirth &c.) eager, up- (in a /., fit of rage) impetuosity in battle &c.
;

roarious. Hence fup'iousLY 2 adv. [f. OF (the Spanish massacre by Spaniards at

F.,
furieusf. Jjfuriosus (fury, -ous)] Antwerp violence of weather, disease,
1576) ;

fupl, v.t. & i. Roll up & bind (sail) on yard &c. (like f, furiously, hard); (usu. pi.) snake-
or boom close, fold up, draw away, relinquish,
; haired goddess(es) of Gk myth sent from Tar-
(fan, umbrella, wings, curtain, hopes) become ; tarus to punisb crime, (fig.) avenging spirits,
furled, roll away like clouds, [prob. f. obs. remorseful pangs, (haunted by the jf. of her
furdle furl var. of obs. fardel vb (fardel)] father's blood) virago, angry or malignant
;

fup'long , n. Eighth of mile. [01E> furlann

1
woman, [f. F furie f. Lifuria (furere be mad)]
(furh furrow, long adj.) orig. = length of ; fupze, n. Spiny yellow-flowered evergreen
furrow in common field, regarded as square shrub growing on European waste lands, gorse,
containing ten acres] whin. Hence fup'ZY 2 a. [OE/yrs etym. dub.]
fup'loug'h (-16), n., v.t. Leave of absence,& fu'scous, a. (nat. hist. Sombre, dark, in col- ).

esp. to soldier ; (vb) grant f. to. [f. Du. verlof our. So fu'seo- comb. form, [hfwscus, -ous]
cf. G verlaub (for-, leave 1 )] fuse i (-z), v.t. & i. Melt (t. & i. with intense )

fup'mety. See frumenty. heat; blend, amalgamate, (t. & i.) into one
fup'naee (-is), n., & v.t. Apparatus includ- whole (as) by melting (of metals, living bones,
ing chamber for combustibles in which mine- institutions, motives, &c). Hence fu'siBLE
rals, metals, &c, may be subjected to continu- a., fusiBiLiTY n. [f. L fundere fus- pour]
ous intense heat hot place severe test (esp.
; ; fuse 2 (-z), n., & v.t. Tube, casing, cord, &c,
tried in the f.) closed fireplace for heating
; filled or saturated with combustible matter for
building by hot pipes (vb) heat in f. [f. OF for-; igniting bomb, blasting-charge, &c. (vb) fit ;

nais f. L fornaccm nom. -ax (formes oven)] f to.

. [f It. fuso f. L fusus spindle]
.

fup'nish, v.t. Provide with (furnished with, fusee* (-z-), n. Conical pulley or wheel esp. in
having) fit up (house, room) with all necessary
; watch or clock exostosis or bony tumour on
;

appliances, esp. movable furniture (furnished horse's cannon-bone large-headed match for ;

house, rooms, &c, esp. let with furniture)
provide, afford, yield, [f. OF furnir (-ish 2 ) f.
Rom. fornire f. Teut. (OHG fruminen promote
f. root of from)]
fUP'nitupe (-tsher), n. Contents of receptacle
if. of his pocket, money ;/. of my shelves, books
lighting cigar or pine in wind. [f. F fusie f.
jned.Li fxisata spindleful (Lfusus spindle)]
fu'sel oil (-z-), n. Mixture of several alco-
hols, chiefly amylic, formed in making some
spirits, [f. G fusel bad spirit, cLfuseln foozle]
fu'sifopm (-S-), a. (nat. hist.). Shaped like
;

f. of one's mind, knowledge intelligence) &

spindle or cigar, tapering at both ends. [f. L
harness &c. of horse &c. (archaic) movable fusus spindle, -r-, -form] ;

contents of house or room, tables, chairs, &c. fu'sil (-z-), n. Obsolete light musket. [F,=It.
[f. F foumiture (fournir furnish)] focile (L focus hearth, fire, -il)]
 ;

FUSILIER 335 OADHELIC

fusilier* (-z-), n. (usu. pi.). (Man of) certain (deificare deify) ; f. adjj. w. sense bring into a
(now ten) British regiments formerly armed state (sanctificare) &
f. vb stems w. causative
;

with fusils. [F (prec., -ier)] sense (horrificare horrify). In med.L -ficare

fusilla'de, n., & v.t. (Wholesale execution
hy) continuous discharge of fire-arms (vb)
assault (place), shoot down (persons), by f. [F
(fusilier shoot f. fusil, -ade)]
fu'sion (-zhn),
n. Fusing fused mass
blending of different things into one coalition,
whence fu*sionisx(2) n. [f. L fusio (fuse \
-ion) cf. foison]
; jocular or colloq. (speechify, Frenchify; also,
fuss, n., & v.i. & t. Bustle, excessive com-
motion, ostentatious or nervous activity
treatment of trifles as important abundance
of petty detail hence fu'ssY 2 a., fu'ssiLY 2
; -ification, those representing L vv. in -facere
adv., fu'ssiNESS n. (Vb) make f. busy one-
self restlessly with trifles
up &
down, &c. ; agitate, worry, (person),
[perh. imit. of sputtering or bubbling]
fustane'lla, n. Man's white petticoat in
modern Greece. [It. dim. of mod. Gk phoustani,
perh. fustagno fustian]
f. It.
fu'stian (-t-), n. Thick twilled short-napped
cotton cloth usu. dyed dark turgid speech or
writing, bombast; (attrib.) made of f., (fig.)
bombastic, worthless, sorry, pretentious, [f OF
fustaigne (med.L fustaneus adj. perh. = from
Fostat suburb of Cairo)]
fu'stie, n. Two kinds of wood yielding yel-
low dye (young /., Venetian sumach /. or old
was often substituted for -facere ; hence F E &
;
vv. in -fier, -fy, sometimes repr. L v v. in -facere
(F stupifier, but p.p. shipe'fait&s well as stupe"-
M, stupefy ; OF satxsfier, but mod.F satisfair e ^
; ;
F liquefier liquefy, rubefier rubefy). Apart f.
; these in -efy E
has always -ify (-I-), which is.
freely added to E adjj. nn. to form vv. chiefly &
on vb, the irreg. argufy). Vbs formed on adjj.
have often intr. as well as trans, sense (solidify
; make or become solid). Vv. in -ify have nn. in
; have nn. in -faction ; but E has petrifaction
; move fussily abotit, where F has the correct petrification.
fy'lfot, n. Equal-armed cross of which each
arm is continued rectangularly, all clockwise
or all counterclockwise, [name based on an-
cient direction for design of painted window,
in which /. may mean either the particular
pattern or something to fill the foot of the win-
; dow; cf. celt 2 ]
.
G
G letter (pi. Gs, G's). (Mus.) fifth note of
(je),
diatonic scale of C major ; corresponding scale
; or key G clef.
;

/., Amer. & W.-Ind.) dye from these, [f. F f. ; Abbreviations (1) G.P.O. (Post : General,
Sp. fustoc f. Arab, fusing f. Gk as pistachio] Office); Grand, as (Cross of Bath), G.CB.
ftrstigate, v.t. (joe). Cudgel. SofustigA'- G.C.M.G. (Cross of St Michael St George), &
tion n. [L fustigare (fustis cudgel), -ate 3] G.C.V.O. (Cross of Victorian Order), G.C.I.E.
fu'sty, a. Stale-smelling, musty, mouldy; (Commander of Indian Empire), G.C.S.I. (Com-
close, stuffy antiquated, old-fashioned. Hence
; mander of Star of India) greatest, G.C.F. or ;

fu'stiNESS n. [f. obs. fust (smell of) wine- M. (common factor or measure).
cask f. OF fust cask f. L ftistis cudgel] Abbreviations (2) Ga, Georgia; Gal.(atians);
:

fu'tehel(l), n. One of timbers supporting Gen.(eral mil. title) Gen.(esis)

; Glam.- ; ;

shafts, pole, or axle-bar, of carriage. [?] (organshire) >Glos., Gloucestershire grm.,

;
;

fu'thore (foo-), n. Runic alphabet, [its first gramme(s) gs, guineas. ;

six letters (th being one)] gab, n. (fam.). Talk, prattle, twaddle, (stop
fu'tile (-I-, -I-), a. Useless, ineffectual, vain, your g., hold your tongue gift of the g., talent ;

frivolous. Hence or cogn. futl'liTY n., (rare) for speaking, also loquacity. [?]
fu'tileLY 2 adv. [f. L futilis leaky, futile, ga'bble, v.i. & t., & n. Talk volubly or in-
perh. f.fud- st. oifundere pour] articulately, read aloud (t., often over, & i.) too
fu'ttoek, n. One of
ship's middle timbers be- fast; utter too fast; (n.) voluble confused un-
tween floor & top timbers, [perh. = foot-hook] intelligible talk, [imit.]
fu'tupe (-tsher), a. & n. About to happen, gabe'lle, n. Tax (usu. foreign tax), esp. the
that will be hereafter (/. life, state, existence French pre-Revolution salt-tax. [F, f. med.L
after death), that will be something specified gabella (gabulum - OE gafol see gavelkind)]
(myf. wife) of time to come, (Gram., of tense)
; ga'bepdine (-en), n. Loose long upper gar-
describing event yet to happen. (N.) time to ment esp. of Jews & almsmen, [f. OF gauvar-
come (for the /., inf., from now onwards past, ;
dine perh. f. MHG wallevart pilgrimage]
present, &f) what will happen in the f. per-
; ;
ga'bion, Wicker cylinder to be filled with
n.
son's, country's, &c, prospective condition; earth for use in fortification or engineering. [F,
(Gram.) f. tense one's betrothed (Commerc.;
; ; f. It. qabbione (gabbia cage, -oon)]
pi. ) goods & stocks sold for f. delivery, contracts gabiona'de, n. Line of gabions. [-ade(I)]
for these hence fu'tupeLESSa. [OF (-ur, -ure),
; ga'ble, n. Triangular upper part of wall at
f. L ftiturus f ut. part, of esse be f. st. fu- be] end of ridged roof (also g.-end) g.-topped wall;
;

fu*turist, n. & a. (theol.). (One) believing g.-shaped canopy over window or door, whence
that the prophecies of the Apocalypse &c. are g-a-blET 1 n. Hence (-)ga*blED 2 a. [OF, f. ON
still to_be fulfilled, [-ist] gafl cf. G gabel fork prob. cogn. w. OHG ge-
; ;

futup'ity, n. Future time ; (sing, or pi.) bal, Gk kephale, head]

future events; future condition, existence ga'by, n. Simpleton. [?]
after death, [-ity] gad *, int. of surprise, asseveration, &c. (also
fuzz, n. Loose volatile matter, fluff; fluffy by g., begad). [ = god]
or frizzed hair; f-ball, a fungus, the puff-ball, gad 2, v.i. Go about idly, rove, wander, (usu.
[perh. imit. of blowing] about, abroad, out); (of plants, esp. in part.)
fu'zzy, a. Frayed, fluffy; blurred, indis- straggle gadabout, (person) given to gadding,
;

tinct frizzed F.-wuzzy, Soudanese warrior.

; ; [perh. back-formation f. obs. gadling com-
Hence fu'zziLY 2 adv., fu'zziNESS n. [-Y 2 ] panion, OE gaedling (gsed
fellowship, -ling 1 )]
fy, fye. =fie. ga*d-fly, n. Breeze, cattle-biting fly irri- ;

-fy, suf. forming vv. In the older E vv. -fy tating or worrying person ; violent impulse,
represented F -fier, L -ficare. F formed vv. in oestrum, [f. obs. gad spike f. gaddr cogn. ON
-ficare (with or without intervention of adjj. w. yard &
L hasta spear]
in -ficus) f. nn., w. sense make, produce, (paci- Gadhe'lic (-de-), a. n. = Gaelic in its wider &
fieare, orig. intr., make peace) or make into sense, [literary f. Ir. Gaedheal Gael + ic]
 ; ;;

GADROON 336 GALLANT

gadpoo'n, n. (usu. pi. or attrib.). Convex gala'eto-, comb, form of Gk gala -aktos milk
curve(s) in series forming ornamental edge like used in scientific terms as galactogogue, (sub-
inverted fluting, [f. F godron etym. dub.] stance) inducing a flow of milk.
"Gael (gal), n. Scottish Celt (rarely) Irish Celt, ;
ga'lantine (-en), n. White meat boned,
[f. Sc.-Gael. Gaidheal] spiced, tied, boiled, & served cold. [F, altered
Gae'lic (ga-), a. n. &
(Language) of Scottish f. galatine a fish sauce]
Celts, of Scottish Irish &
Manx Celts, [-ic] & gala'nty show, n. Pantomime on screen
gaff 1 , n., v.t. &Barbed fishing-spear; stick made by shadows of puppets, [perh. f. It. ga-
with iron hook for landing large fish spar ex- ; lanti pi. of galante gallant]
tending top of fore-&-aft sail not set on stays ;
ga'laxy (-la-), n. Irregular luminous band
(vb) seize (fish) with g. [f. F gaffe boat-hook] of stars indistinguishable to naked eye encir-
gaff 2 , n. (slang). Blow the g., let out plot. [?] cling the heavens, Milky ; brilliant com- Way
gaff 3, n. (slang). Public place of amusement, pany (of beauties, talent, &c). [f. F galaxie f.
esp. (usu. penny g. ) low theatre or music-hall. [?] Li f. Gk galaxias (gala -aktos milk)]
ga'ffep, n. Elderly rustic, old fellow, (also as ga'lbanum, n. resin from some Per- Gum
prefix to name) foreman of gang, [contr. of
; sian species of ferula. [L, f. Gk khalbane prob.
godfather or grandfather cf. gammer] ; f. Oriental wd]
&
gag, n., v.t. i. Thing thrust into mouth& gale 1
, n. (Also Siceet-g.) bog-myrtle. [OE
to prevent speech or outcry or (Surg.) hold it (also Du. & G) gagel]
open for operation, (Pari.) closure or guillo- gale , n. Rather strong wind, (Naut.) storm,
2
tine, (vb, apply g. to, silence, deprive of free (poet.) gentle breeze, [perh. cogn. w. Da. gal,
speech) ; actor's interpolations in dramatic dia- Xorw. galen, mad, furious]
logue (vb, make these) g.-bit, specially power- ;
gale 3 , n. Periodical payment of rent (hang-
fulfor horse-breaking, g.-rein, arranged to make ing g., arrears of rent), [perh. =obs. gavel see
bit more powerful, (gag, v.t.) apply g.-bit to gavelkind]
(horse); (slang) imposture, lie, (v.t., deceive; ga'lea, n. (bot, zool.). Structure like helmet
v.i., practise deceit), [n. f. vb, perh. imit. of in shape, function, or position. So ga'leATE 2 ,

choking sound ; slang sense perh. unrelated] -ated, aa. [L,= helmet]
gage 1
, n., & v.t. Pledge, thing deposited as galee'ny, n. Guinea-fowl. [f. Sp. gallina
security (glove thrown down as, any symbol
;
(morisca Moorish) hen]
of)challenge to fight (vb) stake, pledge, offer ; Ga'len, n. (facet.). Physician, [f. L f. Gk
as guarantee, [n. f. OF guage f. Teut. (wed) ;
Galenos, Pergamene 2nd-c. physician]
vb f. F gager of same orig., or for engage] gale'nie, a., galenical, a. & n. Of, accord-
gage 2 . See gauge. ing to, Galen esp. (remedy) made of vegetable,
;

ga'ggle, v.i. (Of geese) cackle, [imit.] not chemical, components, [prec. + -ic(al)]
gai'ety, n. Beinggay, mirth; (usu. pl.)merry- Ga'lilee, g-, n. Porch or chapel at entrance
making.f estive occasion(s), amusements bright ; of church, [perh. as less sacred than church w.
appearance, [f. F gaieti (GAY, -TV)] ref to Galilee as opp. Judea, or esp. to Matt, i v.
.

gaiiy. See gay. 15 (G. of the Gentiles)}

gain 1 , n. Increase of possessions &c, profit, galima'tias (-asiah, or as F), n. Confused or
advance, improvement; acquisition of wealth, meaningless talk, rigmarole. [F (formerly half
lucre, pelf; (pi.) sums acquired by trade &c, naturalized, now only as foreign word)]
emoluments, winnings ; increase in amount. ga'lingale (-ngg-), n. Aromatic root of E.-
[OF (gaaignier gain 2 )] Ind. plants used in cookery & medicine (also ;

gain , v.t.2 i. &

Obtain, secure, (desired or English g.) kind of sedge, [f. OF galingal f.
desirable thing g. time, obtain delay by pre-
; Arab, khalanjan perh. f. Chin, ko-liang-kiang
texts or slow methods g. the car of, get favour- ; mild ginger from Ko]
able hearing from) win (sum) as profits or as ; ga'lipot, n. Kind of hardened turpentine.
result of changed conditions, earn, whence [F, etym. dub.]
gainings [-ing 1
(2)] n. pi. make a profit, be ; gall 1 (gawl), n. Secretion of liver, bile, (now
benefited, improve or advance in some respect, only of lower animals) typical bitter sub- ;

be enhanced by comparison or contrast; win stance, bitterness, (g. wormwood) g.-bladder & ;

(land from sea, battle, victory; g. the upper & its contents asperity, rancour, whence ;

hand, be victorious) bring over to one's interest ; ga*ll-LESS a. g.-bladder, vessel containing the
;

or views, win over, persuade, prevail upon ; g. g. -stone, calculous formation in g.-bladder.
;

reach, arrive at, (desired place) g. ground, ; [OE gealla cf. G galle, also Gk khole, L fel ;

progress, advance, encroach (up)on; g. {ground) perh. also cogn. w. yellow]

(up)on, get closer to (person or thing pursued) gall 2 (gawl), n. Painful swelling, pustule,
(of sea) encroach (up)on (land) ; g. (up)on, win blister, esp. in horse sore produced by chafing ;

the favour of. Hence gai'nABLE a., gai'nER 1

mental soreness or its cause place rubbed bare, ;

n. [f. F gagner
OF gaaignier cf. It. gua- f. flaw bare spot in field or coppice. [OE gealla
;

dagnare f. OHG (xoeidenen v. pasture, forage, cf. sore on horse, perh. = prec]
G weide pasturage, OE wdth hunting)] gall 3 (gawl), v.t. & i. Rub sore, injure by
gai'nful, a. Lucrative, remunerative ; bent rubbing vex, annoy, harass, humiliate, whence
;

on gain, [-ful] ga'lliNG 2 a. [f. prec, perh. orig. as back-

gainsay*, v.t. (said, pr. -ad or -ed). Denv, formation f. gallET> 2]
contradict. Hence gainsay 'er 1 n. [f. obs. gall 4 (gawl), n. Excrescence produced by in-
gain prep, against f. ON gegn cf. G gegen + say] sect on trees, esp. on oak (also oak-g., used in
gainst, 'gainst. (Poet, for) against. &
making ink tannin, in dyeing medicine) & &
gait, n. Manner of walking, bearing or car- g.-fly, insect producing gg. ; g.-nut,=g. [t. F
riage as one walks, [var. of gate 2 ] galle f. L galla]
gai'ter, n. Covering of cloth, leather, &c, ga'llant (also, in senses indicated below,
for leg below knee or for ankle. Hence gai*- sometimes -a'nt), a., n., v.t. i. Showy, finely & &
tePED 2 a. [f. F guetre etym. dub.] dressed, (archaic) grand, fine, stately, (of ship,
;

ga*la,n. Festive occasion, fete, (often attrib., horse, &c.) ; brave, chivalrous, (also Pari., as
day, dress, &c). [F f. It.]
its g. conventional epithet of military or naval mem-
gala-etie, a. (astron.). Of the Galaxy, [f. Gk ber, as the honourable g. member) ; markedly &
galaktikos (foil., -ic)] attentive to women (-a*nt) concerned with ;
 ; ;

GALLANTRY 337 GAMBADE

love, amatory, (-a'nt) hence gra'llantLY (or
;
2 gallus cock, transl. of Lecoq de Boisbaudran
as above galla'ntly) adv. (N.) man of fashion, the discoverer 1875, + -ium]
fine gentleman ; ladies' man, lover, paramour, g-a'lliva'nt, v.i. Gad about (usu. in part,
(-a'nt). (Vb ; -a'nt) play the g., flirt with, flirt or vbl n.). [perh. perversion of gallant v.]
with escort, act as cavalier to, (lady), [f. F
; Gallo-, comb, f orm= French-, as -Briton,- Ger-
galant part, of OF galer make merry cf. gala man.
Hence GallOMA'NiA n., GalloMA'NiAO
perh. f. OHG wallon wander] a. &
Ga'lloPHiL, Ga'lloPHOBE, nn. & aa.,
n.,
ga'llantpy, n. Bravery, dashing courage GalloPHO'BiA n. [Gallus gaul, -o-]
;

courtliness, devotion to •women a polite or g-a'llon, n. A measure of capacity (imperial

;

amorous act or speech conduct of a gallant g., 2774 cubic inches wine g., 231) for liquids or
; ;

amorous intercourse or intrigue, sexual im- corn &c. [f. ONF galon cf. F jale bowlj
morality, [f. F galanterie (prec, -ery)] g-alloo'n, n. Narrow close-woven braid for
g&'lleon, n. (hist.). Vessel shorter & higher binding dresses &c, of gold, silver, silk, or
than galley ship of war (usu. Spanish) large cotton, [f. F galon f. 12th-c. galonner tie the
; ;

Spanish ship used in American trade, [f. Sp. hair with bands, perh. cogn. w. gallant]
galeon f. med.L galeonem nom. -o (galley)] gallop, n., & v.i. & t. Horse's or other
gfa'llepy, n., & v.t. Covered space for walk- quadruped's fastest pace, with all feet off
ing in partly open at side, portico, colonnade ; ground together in each stride (full g., at a g.,
balcony long narrow passage in thickness of
; going thus), a ride at this pace. (Vb) go at a g.
wall or supported on corbels, open towards in- (of horse, or with its rider as subj., or of other
terior of building platform projecting from
; quadruped) make (horse &c. g. read, recite, or
; ) ;

inner wall of church, hall, &c, providing extra talk, fast (often through, over) move or pro- ;

room for audience or reserved for musicians, gress rapidly (in a galloping consumption), [f.
reporters, strangers, &c. ; (Theatr.) highest such F galop(er) jprob. earlier walop(er) etym. dub.]
balcony, persons there seated, least refined g-allopa'de, n. Lively, orig. Hungarian,
part of audience (play to the g., appeal to lower dance. [F, see galop, -ade(1)]
taste, use claptrap) long narrow room.'passage,
; g-a'llopep, n. In vbl senses esp., (Mil.) aide- ;

corridor; room or building used for showing
works of art ; (Mil., Mining) horizontal under-
ground passage; g.-hit (Cricket, & fig., from
theatre) piece of showy play,
hence g a*llepyFUL(2)n. (Vb) provide, pierce,
,
de-camp, light field gun. [-er l ]
Gallovrdian, a. & n. (Native) of Galloway,
[f. med.L Gallovidia + -an]
so g.-shot, -stroke; gfa'lloway, n. Horse of small strong breed
from Galloway small-sized horse.
;

&c, with g. or gg. [f. F galerie etym. dub.] g-a'llows, n. pi. (usu. treated as sing.). Struc-
ga'lley, n. (Chiefly hist.) low flat single- &
ture, usu. of two uprights crosspiece, on
decked vessel using sails & oars, & usu. rowed which criminals are hanged; punishment of
by slaves or criminals ancient Greek or Roman
; hanging (a g. look, have the g. in one's face, of
war-ship with one or more banks of oars large ; sinister appearance) similar structure used for
;

open row-boat, e.g. that used by captain of cookery, gymnastics, &c. g.-bircl, person fit to
;

man-of-war; ship's kitchen; (Print.) oblong be hanged g.-ripe, fit to be hanged g.-tree,= ; ;

tray to which type is transferred from compos- g. [OE galga cf. G galgen]
ing stick (g.-proof, in slip form, not in sheets or g"a*lop, n., & v.i. Lively dance in 2-1 time
pages) g.-slave, person condemned to row in (vb) dance a g. [vb f. n., F, see gallop]
;

g., (fig.) drudge; galleyworm, kind of many-
footed insect (from likeness of its legs to oars).
[f. OF galie, med.L galea, etym. dub.]
g-allia'mbie, a. & n. In the metre of Catul-
lus's Attis (imitated in Tennyson's Boadicea)
(n. usu. pi.) such verse(s). [f. L galliAMBUS
song of Galli or priests of Cybele + -ic]
Ga'llic, a. Of the Gauls, Gaulish ; (usu. facet.)
French, whence g a*llieiSM(4) n., ga'llieizE
,
galore*, adv. & n. (In) abundance (with beef
& ale g.; g. of alcohol ; also in g.). [f. Ir. go leor
to sufficiency]
galo'sh, g"ol-, n. Over-shoe usu. of rubber
; to keep shoes clean or dry ; piece of leather &c.
round lower part of boot or shoe uppers, whence
g-alo'shED 2, g-ol-, a. [f. F galoche perh. ult.
f. Gk kalopous (kala pi. logs, pous foot)]

g-alu'mph, v.i. Go prancing in triumph.

(2, 3) v.t. & i. [f. L Gallicus (Gallus Gaul, -ic)] [made by L. Carroll perh. on gallop, triumph]
Ga'llican, a. & n. Of the ancient church of g"alva*nie, a. Of, produced by, as of, galvan-
Gaul or France; (adherent) of the school of ism (g. battery, pile, producing g. electricity ;
French Roman Catholics following Bossuet & g. belt, for applying it to the body g. electricity, ;

claiming partial autonomy (opp. ultramon- - foil.); (fig., of smile &c.) sudden forced. &
tane), whence g a*llieaniSM(3), Ga'llican -
,
Hence g-alva'niCALLY adv. [foil., -ic]
IST(2), nn. [f. L Gallicanus (prec, -an)] ga'lvanism, n. Electricity produced by
g'a'llice, adv. In French (used in giving F chemical action ; use of this for medical pur-
for English phrase &c). [L, = in Gaulish] poses. Hence g"a*lvaniST(3)n. [f. F galvanisme
g'allig'a'skins, n. pi. (facet.). Breeches, (L. Galvani discoverer 1792, -ism)]
trousers, [orig. wide hose of 16th & 17th cc, f. g*a*lvanize, v.t. Apply galvanism to, stimu-
F garguesque for greguesque f. It. grechesca late thus (also fig., g. into life, rouse by shock
fern, of grechesco Greek (-esque)] or excitement) coat with metal by galvanism
;

gfallimau'fpy, Heterogeneous mixture,

n. (incorrectly of galvanized iron, which is cover-
jumble, medley, [f. F galimafrie etym. dub.] ed with zinc usu. without galvanism). Hence
gallina'eeous, a. Of the order Gallinea in- galvanizA'TioN, g-a'lvanizER 1 nn. [f. F ,

cludingdomesticpoultry,pheasants, partridges, galvaniser (prec, -ize)]

&c. So g-allinA'CEAN a. &n. [f. L gallinaceus ga'lvano-, comb, form of galvanic, gal-
(gallina hen, -aceous)] vanism, as -graphy, method of producing cop-
gallina'zo, n. An American vulture, [f. perplate engravings by -plasty, metal-coating
Sp. gallinaza (L gallina hen, -aza augment.)] by galvanism, -meter, -scope.
Ga'llio, n. Person, esp. official, refusing to Galwe'gian, a. & n. = gallovidian. [f.
meddle outside his province. [Acts xviii] Galloway on anal, of Norwegian]
gallipot, n. Small earthen glazed pot used ga'triba, n. (Also g. stop) organ stop with
for ointments &c. fprob. f. galley, as brought violin or 'cello tone, [earlier =, short for, &
in galleys from the Mediterranean] VIOLA DA GAMBA]
ga'llium, n. Soft bluish- white metal, [f. L g-amba'de, gamba'do (pi. -oes), n. Horse's
 ; =

GAMBIER 338 GANGWAY

leap or bound fantastic movement, freak, es- ; ga'mmep, n. (Rustic name for) old woman,
capade, [-ade F, readopted (cf. gambol) by [f.godmother or grandmother, cf. gaffer]
Scott -ado f. Sp. gambada of same orig.]
; ga'mmon ] , n., & v.t. Bottom piece of flitch
ga'mbier, n. Astringent extract of oriental of bacon including hind leg (usu. g. of bacon) ;

plant used in tanning &c. [f. Malay gambir the smoked or cured ham (vb) cure (bacon), [f. ;

plant] ONF gambon (gambe leg, -oon)]

ga'mbit, Kinds of opening in chess in
n. ga'mmon 2, n., & v.t. Complete victory scor-
which player sacrifices pawn or piece to secure ing two games at backgammon (vb) defeat (ad- ;

certain ends, many gg. having special names, versary) thus. [perh. =ME gamen game l
\
as King's, Queen's, Cunningham's, g. [ult. f. ga'mmon 3, n., int., & v.i. & t. Humbug, de-
It. gambetto tripping up (gamba leg)] ception (int.) nonsense
; (Vb) talk plausibly ; !

ga'mble, v.i. t, n. Playgames of chance & & feign (intr.) hoax, deceive, [perh. as prec]
;

for money, esp. for high stakes (g. away, lose ga'mmon 4 , v.t., & n., (naut.). Lash (bow-
thus) take great risks to secure great results
; sprit) to stem (n., also -ing) the lashing.
; [?]
in war, finance, &c. hence ga'mblER 1 n., ; gamo-, comb, form of Gk gamos marriage,
ga'mblesoME a. (N.) gambling (esp. on the used esp. in Bot. describing plants with speci-
g.) risky undertaking or attempt, [prob. f.
; fied parts united as gamope'talous with petals
OE gamenian to sport (gamen game ] )] united; also gamoge 'nesis sexual reproduction.
gambo'ge (-oozh), n. Gum-resin from Cam- gamp, n. (facet.). Umbrella, esp. large untidy
bodian & Siamese trees used as yellow pigment, one. [f. Mrs G. in Martin Chuzzlewit]
[f. mod.L gambogium f. Cambodia] ga'mut, n. (Hist.) lowest note in medieval
ga'mbol (-bl), (-11-). Caper, frisk, [f.
n., & v.i. scale=modern G on lowest line of bass stave;
F gambade leap f. It. gambata (gamba leg)] the Great Scale consisting of all notes used in
game *, n. Jest (make g. of, ridicule) diver- ; medieval music (G as above to E in highest
sion amusing incident (ichat a g.!); contest
; space of treble). (Mod.) whole series of recog-
played according to rules & decided by skill, nized n^tes major diatonic scale people's or
; ;

strength, or luck (round, square, g. have the ; period's recognized scale voice's or instru- ;

g. in your hands, be sure to win or able to ment's compass whole range or scope of any- ;

direct it; play the g. lit. & fig., observe the
rules, behave honourably play a good, poor,
g., be skilful or not) (Gk & Rom. Ant. pi.)
athletic, dramatic, & musical contests, gladia-
torial &c. shows; scheme, undertaking, &c,
followed up like a g. (was playing a deep,
double, winning, losing, &c, g. the g. is rip,
success now impossible so that's your little g.\
spoilt my g.;
play one's g., advance his schemes
unintentionally; g. not worth candle); (pi.)
thing (the whole g. of crime run up down ; &
; the g.). [f. med.L gamma ut (gamma taken as
; ;
name for note one tone lower than A of classical
scale + ut first of six arbitrary names of notes
forming hexachord, being the italicized sylla-
bles of a Sapphic stanza, Ut queant laxis reso-
; narefibrisJlfiragestorum/amulituorum, Solve
; polluti labii reatum, Sancte Johannes]
ga'ray, a. Abounding in game; =game 2
(rare) having flavour or scent of game kept
;

dodges, tricks, (none of your gg. !) single round ; till it is high. [-Y 2 ]
in some contests, e.g. whist or tennis (g. g., & ga'nder, Male goose (sauce for the goose
n.
one g. scored to each side); (Commerc.) appa- issauce for the g., used in retorting an argu-
ratus for a g. ; winning score in g. state of g. ; ment &c. on its first user) fool, simpleton. ;

(the g. is four all, love three, &c.) hunted ani- ; [OE gan(d)ra, -d- being prob. euphonic as in
mal, quarry, object of pursuit, (fair g., legiti- thunder, cf. Du. gander perh. f. same st. as ;

mately to be pursued or attacked ; so forbidden goose, perh. orig. the name of another bird]
g.); (collect.) wild animals, birds, &c, hunted gang, n. Company of slaves of workmen, or
for sport or food, flesh of these ; kept flock of or px*isoners ; band
of persons acting or going
swans ; g.-act, -law (usu. pi.), regulating the about together esp. for criminal purpose or one
killing &
preservation of g. ; g.-bag, for holding disapproved by speaker; set of tools &c. ar-
g. killed by sportsman ; g.-ball, state of g. in ranged to work simultaneously; g. -board,
tennis &c. at which one point may win ;
g.- plank usu. with cleats nailed on it for walking
c.hicken, -cock, -egg, -fowl, of kind bred for cock- into or out of boat, [earlier senses mode of
fighting ; gamekeeper, man employed to breed going, way, cf. G Du. gang, obs. Sc. vb& & &
g.,prevent poaching, &c. g. -licence, to kill or ; gang walk, go, f. OE gangan, also OHG]
deal in g. g. -preserver, landowner &c. who
; gange (-j), v.t. Protect (fish-hook, part of
breeds g. & applies g.-laws strictly g. -tenant, ; fishing-line) with fine wire. Hence ga'ng-
lessee of shooting or fishing. [com.-Teut. OE ; iNGM-J-)n. [?]
gamen cf. OHG gaman joy] ga'nger (-ng-), n. Foreman of gang, [-er 1 ]
game 2,a. Like agame-cock, spirited,(DiE 2 #.); Gange'tic (-j-), a. Of the Ganges, [f. L
having the spirit to do, for. Hence ga'me- Gangeticus (L f. Gk Gagges, -ic)]
ly 2 adv., ga'meNESS n. [f. game *-cock] ga'nglion (-ngg-), n. (pi. -Ha). Enlargement
game 3, v.i. & t. Play at gg. of chance for or knot on nerve, from which nerve-fibres radi-
money, gamble throw aivay in gambling ; ate mass of grey matter in central nervous
;

gaming-house, -table, frequented for gambling. system forming a nerve-nucleus (g.-cell, -cor-
Hence ga'mesTER n. [f. game *] puscule, -globule, nerve-cell in this) (fig.) cen-
game 4 (Of leg, arm, &c.) lame, crippled. [?]
, a. Hence ga'ng-
tre of force, activity, orinterest.
;

ga'mesome, a. Sportive. Hence ga'me- liatedjga'nglionated.t-ATEVED^ga/ng-

someLY adv., ga'mesomeNESS n. [some]
2
Hform, ganglid'nic, aa. [f. Gk gagglion]
game'te, n. (biol.). Sexual protoplasmic ga'ngrene (-ngg-), p., v.i. t. Necrosis, & &
body, which unites with another for reproduc- usu. Avith decomposition, of part of the body
tion, [f. Gk gamete wife, gametes husband, (often fig.); hence ga'ngrenous a. (Vb) be-
(gameo marry)] come affected, affect, with mortification, [f.
gamin (F), n. Street Arab, neglected boy. L Gk gaggraina] f.
ga'mma, n. Third letter (r, y = G) of Greek gangue (-ng). n. Earth &c. matrix, in which, ,

alphabet, used sometimes in enumerations to ore is found [F, G gang lode gang] . f.
supplement 3 & c kind of moth. [Gk] ga'ngway (-ng-), n. Passage esp. between
;

gamma'dion, n. = fylfot, [late Gk, dim. rows of seats (in House of Commons, cross-
of prec, fylfot consisting of four gammas (I')J passage half-way down giving access to back
 ; ;

GANNET 339 GARNITURE

benches; members above, below, g. are more, demy) ; (attrib. ; with or without hyphen) culti*
less, closely associated with official policy of vated, not wild, [g. plants, g.-cress co/nmo7i or ;

their party) opening in bulwarks by -which

; g. slang, ordinary), living in gg. (g.-spider; g.-
ship is bridge laid across from
entered or left, ichite, kind of butterfly; g.-warbler, kind of
this to shore &c. [OE gangiccg (gang, way)] bird) g. -engine, portable forcepump for water-
;

ga'nnet, n. A sea-bird, the Solan goose. [OE ing g. -frame, forcing-frameforplants g.-glass,
; ;

ganot cogn. w. Du. gent gander] bell-glass for covering plant g.-part}/, social ;

ga'noid, a. & n. (Of fish-scale) enamelled, meeting on lawn or in g.; g.-plot, piece of ground
smooth & bright (fish) having g. scales, [f. F
: used asg.; g.-seat. bench Sfcc. for use in g., simi-
ganoid e t. Gk ganos brightness -f -oidJ lar seat for one or two on top of omnibus g.- ;

ga'ntpy, gau'n-, n. Four-footed wooden stujf, vegetables & fruit hence gap'denED -, ;

stand for barrels platform to carry travelling

; gapdenESQUE, aa.. gap'deniNGMD n. (Vb)
crane &C. [perh. f. obs. gaum contr. of gallon cultivate a g. [f. ONF gardin ult. f. Teut., cf.
+ tree or f. OF gantier var. of chant ier]
; G gotten, also garth, yard]
G-a'nymede, n. (Facet.) waiter, potboy; gardener (-dn-), n. Person who gardens,
(Astron.) largest satellite of planet Jupiter, [f. esp. servant employed to tend a garden, [as
L f. Gk Ganu nudes cupbearer of Zeus] prec. +-er-(-2), cf. Fjardinier]
gaol jail, n., & v.t. {g- in official, g- S:j-
(jal), gapde'nia, of trees & shrubs with
n. Genus
indifl'erently in literary use). Public prison for large white or yellow flowers & usu. fragrant
detention of persons committed by process of scent. [mod.L (Dr A. Garden d. 1701, -ia )] 1

law, (without article) confinement in this g., ;

j., -bird, prisoner, habitual criminal, rogue g.,
./.. -delivery, clearing of g. by trial of prisoners
Q-i J-> fever, virulent typhus formerly endemic
in gg. ; (vb) put in g. [f.
(now geole) f. Rom. dim. of L cavea cage]
gao'lep (jal-), gai'lep, jai'lop, n. (see prec).
Man in charge of gaol or prisoners in it. Hence
g-ao'lePESs 1 also jarleress, jai'lopess, n.
, throat in cattle, pigs, or poultry inflammation
gape'fowl, n. The great auk. Lf- OX geir-
;
fugl (geir of doubtful meaning)]
; gap'fish, n. Fish with long spearlike snout
& green bones, [perh. f. OE gar spear cogn.
OSF gaiole, OF jaiole, w. Gk gaison]
gapga*ntuan,a. Enormous, gigantic. [Gar-
ganttta giant in Kabelais +-AN]
gap'get (-g-), n. Inflamed state of head or
;

[as prec. + -er-cJ>] of cow's or ewe's udder, [perh. f. obs. garget

gap, n. Breach in hedge or wall gorge, pass ; throat f. OF gar gate etyni. dub.]
unfilled space or interval, blank, break in con- gap'gle, v.t. & i., & n. Wash (throat), wash
tinuity, (stop, Jill, supply, a g.. make up de- throat, with liquid kept in motion by breath ;

ficiency); wide divergence in views,
&c. Hence gappED-, ga'ppv-,
chasm, cogn. w. foil.]
grape, v.i., & n. Open mouth wide, (of mouth,
oysters, wounds, chasm, &c.) open or be open
wide, split, part asunder stare, gaze curiously,
at yawn. (N. yawn open-mouthed stare the
; |
; ;
gg., poultry disease with gaping as symptom,
(facet. fit of yawning expanse of open mouth or
) ;
beak, part of beak that opens; rent, opening
g.-seed (facet.), staring, occasion for staring,
thing stared at. [f. OX
gapa vb cf. G gaffe n]
gra'pep, n. In vbl senses esp., kinds of bird,
kind of mollusc, [-er 1 ]
ga'page (-ij, or as F), n. Building or shed for
storing or repair of horseless vehicles, esp.
sympathies, (n.) liquid \ised thus. [f. F gargouiller (foil.)]
aa. [OX,= g-ap'goyle, gup-, n. Grotesque spout usu.
with human or animal mouth, head, or body,
projecting from gutter of (esp. Gothic) building
to carry water clear of wall. [f. OF gargouille
; throat, gargoyle]
gapiba'ldi, n. Kind of woman's or child's
blouse, orig. of bright red. [f. red shirts of
G. (Italian patriot 1807-82) & his followers]
;
gap'ish, a. Obtrusively bright, showy,
gawdy, over-decorated. Hence gap'ishi.v -
adv., gap'ishNESS n. [perh. f. obs. gaurc to
; stare, etym. dub.]
gap'land, n., & v.t. Wreath of flowers,
leaves. &c, worn on head or hung on something
as decoration distinction, palm, prize, for
;

motor-cars. [F (garer shunt f. Teut., cf. OE victory &c. (archaic) anthology, miscellany
;

werian defend, -age)] metal &c. imitation of g. (vb) crown with g.. ;

&
garb, n., v.t. Dress, costume, esp. of dis- deck with gg., act as g. to. [OF (-e), etym. dub.]
tinctive kind, way one is dressed (vb) attire, ;
gap'Iie, n. Plant with bulbous strong-smell-
put (esp. distinctive) clothes upon (person usu. ; ing pungent-tasting root used as flavouring in
pass, or refl.). [f. It. garbo elegance, f. Teut. cf. cookery. Hence (esp. of smell) gap'liekY - a.
OHG garawi preparation cogn. w. gear] [OE garleae (gar spear, leek)]
gap'bage (-ij), n. Offal used for food, refuse, garment, n., & v.t. Article of dress, esp.
filth foul or worthless reading, [perh. f. OF
; gown or cloak, (pi.) clothes outward and visible :

garbe sheaf, bundle, + -age] covering of anything; (vb poet., usu. in p.p.) ;

gap'ble, v.t. Select best in, take pick of, attire, [f. OF garniment (garnish, -ment)]
(rare) ; make (usu. unfair or malicious) selections gar'ner, n., & v.t. (poet. & rhet.). Storehouse
from statements, &c), mutilate in order
(facts, for corn, granary, (also fig.) ; (vb) store, deposit,
to misrepresent, [f. It. garbellare f. Arab. collect. [LOF gerner t.lj grana riu in granary]
gharbala sift cf. kirbal sieve] gap'net, n. Vitreous mineral, of which a deep
gar'board (stpake), n. First range of transparent red kind is used as gem. [f. OF
planks laid on ship's bottom next keel corre- ; grc natf. med. L gra n a turn pomeg ran ate (from
sponding plates in iron ship. [f. Du. gaarboord resemblance to its seeds)]
(GATHER, BOARD)] gap'nish, v.t., & n. Decorate, embellish,
garcort (F), n. Waiter in French hotel &c (esp. dish for table) (Law) serve notice on
;

gap'den (-dn), n., & v.i. Piece of ground (person, called gapnishEE* n.) for purpose of
devoted to growing flowers, fruit, or vegetables attaching money belonging to debtor, summon
(kitchen, market, g.) (pi.) ornamental ; (person) as party to litigation started between
grounds for public resort (usu. botanical, zoo- others ; hence gap'nisliER 1 gar'nishMEXT, ,

logical, &c, region [the g.

gg.); specially fertile nn. (X. also gap'nishiNG 1 n.) things used to
;

of England, Kent, Worcestershire, Sec); (pi. decorate dish for table (also fig. of literary em-
with name prefixed as Onsloic, Spring. Gg.) set bellishments), [f. OF garnir (-ish 2 ) fortify,
of houses in street, square, &c: the G., philo- prob. f. Teut. cogn. w. warn]
sophy or school of Epicurus (cf. porch, aca- gap'nitupe (-tsher), n. Appurtenances, ac-
 ;

GAMBIER 338 GANGWAY

leap or bound fantastic movement, freak, es- ; ga'mmep, n. (Rustic name for) old woman,
capade, [-ade F, readopted (cf. gambol) by [f.godmother or grandmother, cf. gaffer]
Scott -ado f. Sp. gambada of same orig.]
; ga'mmon J , n., & v.t. Bottom piece of flitch
ga'mbier, n. Astringent extract of oriental of bacon including hind leg (usu. g. of bacon) ;

plant used in tanning &c. [f. Malay gambir the smoked or cured ham (vb) cure (bacon), [f. ;

plant] ONF gambon (gambe leg, -oon)]

ga'mbit, n. Kinds of opening in chess in ga'mmon 2, n., & v.t. Complete victory scor-
which player sacrifices pawn or piece to secure ing two games at backgammon (vb) defeat (ad- ;

certain ends, many gg. having special names, versary) thus. [perh. =ME gamen game *]
as King's, Queen's, Cunningham's, g. [ult. f. ga'mmon 3
, n., int., & v.i. & t. Humbug, de-
It. gambetto tripping up (gamba leg)] ception ; (int.) nonsense ! (Vb) talk plausibly ;

ga'mble, v.i. & t., & n. Playgames of chance feign (intr.) ; hoax, deceive, [perh. as prec]
for money, esp. for high stakes (g. axoay, lose ga'mmon 4 , v.t., & n., (naut.). Lash (bow-
thus) take great risks to secure great results
; sprit) to stem
also -ing) the lashing. [?]
; (n.,
in war, finance, &c. hence ga'mblER 1 n., ; gamo-, comb, form of Gk gamos marriage,
ga'mblesoME a. (N.) gambling (esp. on the used esp. in Bot. describing plants with speci-
g.) risky undertaking or attempt, [prob. f.
; fied parts united as gamope'talous with petals
OE gamenian to sport (gamen game l )] united also gamoge'nesis sexual reproduction.
;

gambo'ge (-oozh), n. Gum-resin from Cam- gamp, n. (facet.). Umbrella, esp. large untidy
bodian & Siamese trees used as yellow pigment, one. Mrs G. in Martin Chuzzlewit]
[f.
[f. mod. L gambogium f. Cambodia] ga'mut, n. (Hist.) lowest note in medieval
ga'mbol (-bl), n., & v.i. (-11-). Caper, frisk, [f. scale = modern G on lowest line of bass stave;
F gambade leap f. It. gambata (gamba leg)] the Great Scale consisting of all notes used in
game \ n. Jest (make g. of, ridicule) ; diver- medieval music (G as above to E in highest
sion ; amusing incident (ivhat a g. .') contest ; space of treble). (Mod.) whole series of recog-
played according to rules & decided by skill, nized n^tes major diatonic scale people's or
; ;

strength, or luck (round, square, g. have the ; period's recognized scale voice's or instru- ;

g. in your hands, be sure to win or able to ment's compass whole range or scope of any- ;

direct it play the g. lit. & fig., observe the

;
thing (the whole g. of crime run up dow^i ; &
rules, behave honourably play a good, poor, ; the g.). [f. med.L gamma xd (gamma taken as
g., be skilful or not) (Gk & Rom. Ant. pi.) ; ; name for note one tone lower than A of classical
athletic, dramatic, & musical contests, gladia- scale + ut first of six arbitrary names of notes
torial &c. shows; scheme, undertaking, &c, forming hexachord, being the italicized sylla-
followed up like a g. (was playing a deep, bles of a Sapphic stanza, Ut queant laxis reso-
double, winning, losing, &c, g. the g. is up, ; nare fibrisitfira gestorum/amuli tuorum, Solxe
success now impossible so that's your little g.; ; polluti labii reatum, Sancte Johannes]
spoilt my g.
play one's g., advance his schemes
;
ga'my, a. Abounding in game; =GAMB a
unintentionally; g. not worth candle); (pi.) (rare) ; having flavour or scent of game kept
dodges, tricks, (none of your gg. !) single round ; till it is high. [-Y 2 ]
in some contests, e.g. whist or tennis (g. & g., ga'nder, Male goose (sauce for the goose
n.
one g. scored to each side) (Commerc.) appa- ;
issauce for the g., used in retorting an argu-
ratus for a g. winning score in g. state of g.
; ; ment &c. on its first user) fool, simpleton. ;

(the g. is four all, love three, &c.) hunted ani-
mal, quarry, object of pursuit, (fair g., legiti-
mately to be pursued or attacked so forbidden
g.); (collect.) wild animals, birds, &c, hunted
for sport or food, flesh of these kept flock of
; [OE gan(d)ra, -d- being prob. euphonic as in
thunder, cf. Du. gander; perh. f. same st. as
; goose, perh. orig. the name of another bird]
gang, n. Company of workmen, or of slaves
; or prisoners band of persons acting or going
;

siva?is g.-act, -law (usu. pi.), regulating the

; about together esp. for criminal purpose or one
killing & preservation of g. g.-bag, for holding ;
disapproved by speaker set of tools &c. ar- ;

g. killedby sportsman g.-ball, state of g. ; in ranged to work simultaneously; g. -board,

tennis &c. at which one point may win ;
g.- plank usu. with cleats nailed on it for walking
c.hicken, -cock, -egg, -fowl, of kind bred for cock- into or out of boat, [earlier senses mode of
fighting ; gamekeeper, man employed to breed going, way, cf. G & Du. gang, & obs. & Sc. vb
g.,prevent poaching, &c. g. -licence, to kill or ; gang walk, go, f. OE gangan, also OHG]
deal in g. g.-preserver, landowner &c. who
; gange (-j), v.t. Protect (fish-hook, part of
breeds g. & applies g.-laws strictly; g.-tenant, fishing-line) with fine wire. Hence ga'ng-
lessee of shooting or fishing. [com.-Teut. OE ; iNGM-J-)n. [?]
gamen cf. OHG gaman joy] ga'nger (-ng-), n. Foreman of gang, [-er 1 ]
game 2 ,a. Like agame-cock, spirited,(DiE 2 ^.); Gange'tie (-j-), a. Of the Ganges, [f. L
having the spirit to do, for. Hence ga'me- Gangeticus (L f. Gk Gagges, -ic)]
ly 2 adv., g-a'mexESS n. [f. game 1 -cock] ga'nglion (-ngg-), n. (pi. -Ha). Enlargement
game 3, v.i. & t. Play at gg. of chance for or knot on nerve, from which nerve-fibres radi-
money, gamble throw away in gambling ; ate mass of grey matter in central nervous
;

gaming-house, -table, frequented for gambling. system forming a nerve-nucleus (g.-cell, -cor-
Hence ga'mesTER n. [f. game J] puscule, -globule, nerve-cell in this) (fig.) cen- ;

garnet a. (Of leg, arm, &c.) lame, crippled. [?] tre of force, activity, or interest. Hence ga'ng-
ga'mesome, a. Sportive. Hence ga'me- liatedjga'nglionatedJ-ATEVED^ga'ng-
someLY 2 adv., ga'mesome.VESS n. [some] Hform, ganglio'nic, aa. [f. Gk gagglion]
game'te, n. (biol.). Sexual protoplasmic ga'ngrene (-ngg-), n., & v.i. & t. Necrosis,
body, which unites with another for reproduc- usu. Avith decomposition, of part of the body
tion, [f. Gk gamete wife, gametes husband, (often fig.) hence ga'ngrenous a. (Vb) be- ;

{gamed marry)] come affected, affect, with mortification, [f.

gamin (F), n. Street Arab, neglected boy. L Gk gaggraina] f.
ga'mma, n. Third letter (r, y = G) of Greek gangiie (-ng). n. Earth &c. matrix, in which , ,

alphabet, used sometimes in enumerations to ore is found [F, G gang lode = gang] . f.
supplement 3 & c kind of moth. [Gk] ga'ngway (-ng-), n. Passage esp. between
;

gamma'dion, n. = fylfot, [late Gk, dim. rows of seats (in House of Commons, cross-
of prec, fylfot consisting of four gammas (T)J passage half-way down giving access to back
 ; ;

GANNET 339 GARNITURE

benches members ; above, below, g. are more, demy) ; (attrib. ; with or without hyphen) culti<
less, closely associated with official policy of vated, not wild, (g. plants, g.-cress common or ;

their party) opening in bulwarks by which

; g. slang, ordinary), living in gg. (g.-spider; g.-
ship is entered or left, bridge laid across from white, kind of butterfly g. -warbler, kind of ;

this to shore &c. [OE gangweg (gang, way)] bird) g.-engine, portable forcepump for water-
;

ga'nnet, n. A
sea-bird, the Solan goose. [OE ing g.-frame, forcing-frame for plants g.-glass,
; ;

ganot cogn. w. Du. gent gander] bell-glass for covering plant; g.-party, social
ga/noid, a. & n. (Of fish-scale) enamelled, meeting on lawn or in g. g. -plot, piece of ground ;

smooth & bright (fish) having g. scales, [f. F

;
used as g.; g.-seat, bench &c. for use in g., simi-
ganoide Gk ganos brightness + -oid]
f. lar seat for one or two on top of omnibus g.- ;

gentry, gau'n-, n. Four-footed wooden stuff, vegetables & fruit hence gap'denED 2 ;
,

stand for barrels platform to carry travelling

;
gardenE'SQUE, aa., gap'deniNG^l) n. (Vb)
crane &c. [perh. f. obs. gavm contr. of gallon cultivate a g. [f. ONF gardin ult. f. Teut., cf.
+ tree or f. OF gantier var. of chantier]
; G garten, also garth, yard]
Ga'nymede, n. (Facet.) waiter, potboy; gap'denep (-dn-), n. Person who gardens,
(Astron.) largest satellite of planet Jupiter. *[f. esp. servant employed to tend a garden, [as
L f. Gk Ganumedes cupbearer of Zeus] prec. +-er 2 (2), cf. Fjardinier]
gaol jail, n., & v.t. (g- in official, g- & j-
(jal), gapde'nia, n. Genus of trees & shrubs with
indifferently in literary use). Public prison for large white or yellow flowers & usu. fragrant
detention of persons committed by process of scent. [mod.L (Dr A. Garden d. 1791, -ia 1 )]
law, (without article) confinement in this ; g., gape'fowl, n. The great auk. [f. ON geir-
j., -bird, prisoner, habitual criminal, rogue ; g., fugl (geir of doubtful meaning)]
j., -delivery, clearing of g. by trial of prisoners ;
gap'fish, n. Fish with long spearlike snout
Q-, J-, fever, virulent typhus formerly endemic & green bones, [perh. f. OE gar spear cogn.
in gg. ; (vb) put in g. [f. ONF
gaiole, OF jaiole, w. Gk gaison]
(now geole) f. Rom. dim. of L cavea cage] gapga*ntuan,a. Enormous, gigantic. [Gar-
gao'lep (jal), jai'lep, jai'lop, n. (see prec). gantua giant in Rabelais -f-AN]
Man in charge of gaol or prisoners in it. Hence gap'get (-g-), n. Inflamed state of head or
gao*lePESs\ also jai'leress, jarioress, n. throat in cattle, pigs, or poultry inflammation ;

[as prec. + -er 2 (2)] of cow's or ewe's udder, [perh. f. obs. garget
gap, n. Breach in hedge or wall gorge, pass ;
throat f. OF gargate etyni. dub.]
unfilled space or interval, blank, break in con- gap'gle, v.t. & i., & n. Wash (throat), wash
tinuity, (stop, fill, supply, a g., make up de- throat, with liquid kept in motion by breath ;
ficiency); wide divergence i n views, sympathies, (n.) liquid used thus. [f. F gargouiller (foil.)]
&c. Hence gappED 2 ga'ppY 2 aa. [ON,= , , gap'goyle, gup-, n. Grotesque spout usu.
chasm, cogn. w. foil.] with human or animal mouth, head, or body,
gape, v.i., & n. Open mouth wide, (of mouth, projecting from gutter of (esp. Gothic) building
oysters, wounds, chasm, &c.) open or be open to carry water clear of wall. [f. OF gargouille
wide, split, part asunder stare, gaze curiously, ; throat, gargoyle]
at yawn. (N. yawn open-mouthed stare the
; ) ; ; gapiba'ldi, n. Kind of woman's or child's
gg., poultry disease with gaping as symptom, blouse, orig. of bright red. [f. red shirts of
(facet. fit of yawning expanse of open mouth or
) ; G. (Italian patriot 1807-82) his followers] &
beak, part of beak that opens rent, opening ; ;
gap'ish, a. Obtrusively bright, showy,
g.-seed (facet.), staring, occasion for staring, gawdy, over-decorated. Hence gap'ishLY 2
thing stared at. [f. ON
gapa vb cf. gaffen] G adv., gap'ishNESS n. [perh. f. obs. ganre to
ga*pep, n. In vbl senses ; esp., kinds of bird, stare, etym. dub.]
kind of mollusc, [-er 1 ] garland, n., &
Wreath of floAvers,
v.t.
ga'rage (-ij, or as F), n. Building or shed for leaves, &c. , worn on head or hung on something
storing or repair of horseless vehicles, esp. as decoration distinction, palm, prize, for
;

motor-cars. [F (garer shunt f. Teut., cf. OE victory &c. ; (archaic) anthology, miscellany
werian defend, -age)] metal &c. imitation of g. (vb) crown with g., ;

&
garb, n., v.t. Dress, costume, esp. of dis- deck with gg., act as g. to. [OF (-e), etym. dub.]
tinctive kind, way one is dressed ; (vb) attire, gap'lie, n. Plant with bulbous strong-smell-
put (esp. distinctive) clothes upon (person usu. ; ing pungent-tasting root used as flavouring in
pass, or refl.). [f. It. garbo elegance, f. Teut. cf. cookery. Hence (esp. of smell) gap'liekY' 2 a.
OHG garaxoi preparation cogn. w. gear] [OE garleac (gar spear, leek)]
garbage n. OfFal used for food, refuse,
(-ij), gap'ment, n., & v.t. Article of dress, esp.
filth foul or worthless reading, [perh. f. OF
; gown or cloak, (pi.) clothes; outward and visible
garbe sheaf, bundle, + -age] covering of anything; (vb poet., usu. in p.p.) ;

gar'ble, v.t. Select best in, take pick of, attire, [f. OF garniment (garnish, -ment)]
(rare) ;make (usu. unfair or malicious) selections gar'ner, n., & v.t. (poet. &rhet.). Storehouse
from statements, &c), mutilate in order
(facts, for corn, granary, (also fig.) (vb) store, deposit, ;

to misrepresent, [f. It. garbellare f. Arab. collect. [f.OF gerner f. L granarium granary]
gharbala sift cf. kirbal sieve] gap'net, n. Vitreous mineral, of which a deep
gar'board (stpake), n. First range of transparent red kind is used as gem. [f. OF
planks laid on ship's bottom next keel corre- ; grenat f. med.L granatum pomegranate (from
sponding plates in iron ship. [f. Du. gaarboord resemblance to its seeds)]
(GATHER, BOARD)] gap'nish, v.t., & n. Decorate, embellish,
garco.n (F), n. Waiter in French hotel &c. (esp. dish for table) ; (Law) serve notice on
garden (-dn), n., & v.i. Piece of ground (person, called gapnishEE* n.) for purpose of
devoted to growing flowers, fruit, or vegetables attaching money belonging to debtor, summon
(kitchen, market, g.) (pi.) ornamental ; (person) as party to litigation started between
grounds for public resort (usu. botanical, zoo- others hence gap'nishER 1 gap'nishMENT,
; ,

logical, &c, region (the g.

gg.); specially fertile nn. (N. also gap'nishiNG 1 n.) things used to
;

of England, Kent, Worcestershire, &c.) (pi. ; decorate dish for table (also fig. of literary em-
with name prefixed as Onslow, Spring, Gg.) set bellishments), [f. OF garnir (-ish 2 ) fortify,
of houses in street, square, &c: the G., philo- prob. f. Teut. cogn. w. warn]
sophy or school of Epicurus (cf. porch, aca- gap'nitupe (-tsher), n. Appurtenances, ac-
 ;; = ;;

GAROTTE 340 GATE

cessories ; adornment, trimming esp. of dish ; Ga*scon,n. Native of Gascony; braggart. [F]
costume. [F (garnish, -ure)J gaseona'de, n., & v.i. Boast(ing). [f. F gas-
garotte. See garrotte. connade (prec, -ade)]
ga'ppet !, n. Room on top floor, room partly gaselier*, n. Gas-lamp, usu. suspended from
or entirely in roof, attic (slang) head (be wrong ; ceiling, with several burners often on branches,
in the g.,have one's g. unfurnished, Sec), [f. OF [f. gas after chandelier]
garite watch-tower (garir defend, f. Teut. cf. gash, n., & v.t. Long & deep slash, cut, or
OE iverian defend)] wound cleft such as might be made by slashing
;

ga'ppet 2, v.t. (archit.). Insert small pieces cut ; act of making such cut ; (vb) make g. in,
of stone in joints of (coarse masonry). [?] cut. [earlier garse v. & n. f. OF garser perh. f.
garreteer*, n. Dweller in garret, esp. poor LL caraxare f. Gk kharasso incise]
literary hack, [-eer] ga'sket, n. Small cord for securing furled
ga'ppison, n., & v.t. Troops stationed in sail to yard ; tow &c. for packing piston
strip of
fortress, town, &c, to defend it (g. town, having or caulking joint. [?]
g.). (Vb) furnish with, occupy as, g. place ; gasogene. See gazogene.
(troops, soldier) on g. duty. [f. OF garison ga'solene, -ine (-en), n. Volatile inflam-
(garir see garret \ -son) defence, w. sense of mable liquid got in distilling petroleum & used
F & obs. E gamison (garnish)] for heating & lighting, [gas, -ol, -ene, -ine 5
J
ga'ppon, n. Small inferior horse bred in gaso'metep, (Chem.) vessel for holding
n.
Scotland & Ireland, [f. Gael. gea?~rari] gas large reservoir in which gas is stored for
;

ga'ppot, n. Kind of sea duck. [F] distribution by pipes, [f. F gazometre (gaz gas,
g-ap(p)o*tte, n., v.t. Spanish method of & metre f. Gk metron measure)]
capital punishment by strangulation, apparatus gasp, v.i. & t., & n. Catch breath with open
used in it ; highway robbery performed by mouth as in exhaustion or astonishment g. life ;

throttling victim. (Vb) execute by strangula- Sec. away or out, expire ; g. out, utter with gg.;
tion throttle in order to rob, whence gap-
; hence ga'spingLY 2 adv. (N.) convulsive catch-
(p)o'ttER 1 n. [f. Sp. garrote(ar), the n. (etym. ing of breath (at one's last g., at point of death),
dub. ) meaning stick (used in twisting cord tight)] [f ON geispa to yawn cf geip idle talk]
. .

ga'ppulous (-rob-), a. Given to talk, loqua- ga'ssy, a. Of, full of, like, gas (of talk &c.) ;

cious, wordy ; (of bird, stream, &c.) chattering, empty, verbose. Hence ga'ssiNESS n. [-Y 2 ]
babbling. Hence or cogn. gappu'liTY (-roo-), ga*st(e)popod, n. Mollusc (e.g. snail) with
ga'PPulousxESS, nn., ga'ppulousLY 2 adv. locomotive organ placed ventrally. So gas-
jr. L garrulus (garrire chatter) + -ous] tepd'podousa. [gastro-, Gk pouspodos foot]
gap'tep, n., & v.t. Band worn above or be- gastpae'a, n. (Assumed) primitive sac-like
low knee to keep stocking up the G., (badge of) ; animal consisting of two layers (ectoderm &
highest order of English knighthood, member- encloderm) of cells. [mod.L (gastro-)]
ship of this (short for) G. King of Arms (vb)
; ; ga'stpie, a. Of the stomach (g. fever, enteric
fasten (stocking), encircle (leg), with g. [f. OF g. juice, thin clear acid nearly colourless fluid
gartier (garget, now jarret, bend of knee, perh. secreted by stomach glands & effecting diges-
f. Celt., cf. Breton gar, gar, leg-bone)]
garth, n. (archaic & dial). Close, yard, gar-
W tion), [f. Gk as foil. +-ic]
gastp(o)-, comb, form of Gk gaster -(e)ros
den, paddock, open space within cloisters, [f. stomach, as gastro-enteric, of stomach & in-
OX garthr = OE geard yard] testines, -cele, -tomy, gastri 'TIS.
gas, n. (pi. gases), & v.t. & Any aeriform or i. gastpo'logy, n. Science of cookery. Sogas-
completely elastic fluid (used chiefly of those tPO'LOGER, gastPO'LOGiST, nn. [f. Gk gastro-
that do not become liquid or solid at ordinary logia (prec, -logy)]
temperatures, other gg. being usu. called va- ga'stponome, n. Judge of cookery. [F.back-
pours) such fluid, esp. C0AL-f/. or various mix-
; formation gastronomie see foil.]
f.
tures with carburetted hydrogen, used for light- gastPO'ndmy, n. Art & science of good eat-
ing or heating (Mining) explosive mixture of; ing. So gastPO'noinER 1 n., gastpond'm-
firedamp with air; hydrogen &c. used to fill ic(al) aa., gastPono'miealL y 2 adv.. gas-
balloon nitrous oxide g. as anaesthetic (often
; tPO*nomiST(3) n. [f. F gastronomie f. Gk gas-
laughing-g.) jet of g. used for lighting empty
; ; TROnomia on anal, of astronomia astronomy]
talk, boasting, humbug, windbag eloquence gate 1 , n., & v.t. Opening in wall of city or
g.-bag, bag for holding gas, empty talker; g.- enclosure made for entrance & exit & capable
bracket, pipe with burner(s) projecting from of being closed with barrier; (bibl.) place of judi-
wall g.-coal, bituminous from which g. can be
; cial assembly in city mountain-pass means of
; ;

made; g.-coke, residuum of coal when g. has been entrance or exit(gr. of ivory, horn, by which false,
made from it g.-engine, -motor, with power ob-
; true, dreams come Bosphorus ; Hellespont &
tained by production or rhythmical combustion are the two gg. of Constantinople) barrier clos- ;

& explosion of g. in closed cylinder; g. -fitter, ing the opening of a wall, wooden or iron frame-
tradesman or workman providing house with work, solid or of bars or gratings,hung on h inges,
g.-fittings, apparatus for heating or lighting turning on pivots, or sliding, single or double
with g.; g.-light, light given by esp. coal g., jet contrivance regulating passage of water num- ;

of burning g.; g.-main, main pipe supplying g.; ber entering by payment at gg. to see football
g.-nian, manufacturer of g., collector of sums match &c, amount of money thus taken (also
due for g. -supply ; g.-meter, apparatus register- g.-money) g.-bill (Oxf. & Camb.), record of un-
;

ing amount of g. consumed (he lies like a g.-m., dergraduate's returns to college after hours,
Erodigiously) ; g.-ring, perforated with small fines imposed for these gatehouse, lodge of ;
oles &
fed with g. for cooking &c. ; g.-tar, coal- park &c, room over city gate often used as
tar produced in making g.; g.-works, manufac- prison g.-keeper, attendant at g., kind of but-
;
tory of g.; hence ga'SEOUS a., gase'iTY n., terfly ; g.-meeting, at which money is taken for
ga'siFORM, ga'SLESs, aa., ga*siFY v.t., ga*s- admission g.-post, on which g. is hung or
;
ifiABLEa.,gasiFiCA'TiONn. (Yb) supply (room, against which it shuts gateway, g. (first sense),
;

railway-carriage, &c.) with g. pass (thread, ; frame of or structure built over g., means of
lace) through g. -flame to remove loose fibres entrance or exit hence ga*teLESS a. ( Vb Oxf.
; ;

talk emptily, vaguely, or boastfully, [wd in- & Camb.) confine to college entirely or after
vented by Van Helmont on Gk khaos chaos] certain hours. [OE geat = OFris. gat, jet, hole]
 ; J );

GATE 341 GEAR

(With prefixed name in North &c.)
gate'-', n. gau'geABLE a., gau*gERi(l, 2) n. [f. ONF
ON gata cf. G gasse lane]
street, [f. ganger etym. dub.
ga'thep (gadh-), v.t. & i. Bring together, Gaul, Inhabitant of ancient Gaul (facet
n.
cause to assemble, (be gathered to one's fathers, Frenchman, [f. Gaid the country f. F Gaule f.
die) acquire by collecting, amass cull, pluck
; ; L Gallia (Gallus a Gaul)]
collect (grain &c.) as harvest receive addition ; Gau'Hsh, a. & n. (Language) of ancient
of (rolling stone gathers no moss, change of Gauls (facet.) French (adj.).
; [prec. + -ishI]
calling does not pay; connexion gathers co- gault, n. (geol.). Series of clay and marl beds
lour; invalid gathers strength g. head, acquire ;
between upper & lower greensand. [?]
strength, swell as a festering sore g. way, be- ; gaunt, a. Lean, haggard grim or desolate ;

gin to move, of ship) summon up (energies), ; looking. Hence gau'ntNEss n. [etym. dub.
gain or recover (breath) infer, deduce, (that) ; from 1440 cf. Norw. gand thin stick or man]
;

draw (garment, brow) together in folds or wrin- gau'ntlet n. (Hist.) armoured glove (fling,
1
,

kles, esp. pucker (part of dress) by running throw, down the

g., issue challenge ^t'cfc, take, ;

thread through pick up from ground draw

; ; up theg., accept challenge) stout glove with ;

up (limbs, person) into smaller compass sum ; long wrist f or driving, fencing, wicket-keeping,
up (scattered facts) summon up (thoughts,
; &c. Hencegau-ntletED 2 a. [f.F gantelet (gant
strength, &c.) for an effort come together, con- ; glove f. OSw. wante, -let)]
gregate, form a mass receive additions (the tale
; gau'ntlet 2, n. Run the g. pass between rows ,

gathered like a snowball); come to a head, de- of men who strike one with sticks, cords, &c,
velop purulent swelling. [OE gaderian, cf. Du. as military, naval, or school punishment (also
gaderen gather & OE geador together] fig. of being subjected to criticism), [earlier
ga'theping, n. In vbl senses; esp.: puru- gantlope f. Sw. gatlopp (gate 2 lopp course, cf. ,

lent swelling assembly, meeting g.-coal, large

; ; G gassenlaufcn) w. assim. to prec]
piece laid on to keep fire alight during night gauntry, -tree. See gantry.
&c. [-ING*] gauze, n. Thin transparent fabric of silk,
ga'thers, n. pi. Part of dress that is gathered cotton, wire, &c. slight haze. Hence gau'z Y 2
;

or drawn in. [f. gather] a., gau'ziNESS n. [f. F gaze etym. dub.]
Ga'tling, n. (Also G. gun) machine gun ga'velkind, n. (legal). Land-tenure, esp. in
with clustered barrels automatically loaded at Kent & Wales, involving equal division of in-
breech, [inventor's name] testate's property among all his sons. [f. obs.
gauche (gosh), a. Tactless, without ease or gavel, OE
gafol, tribute, cf. med.L gabulum,
grace, socially awkward. [F] cogn. w. give,+ kind]
gaueherie (goshere'), n. Gauche manners gavo'tte, n. Minuet-like but more lively
a gauche action. [F] dance music for it piece of music in common
; ;

gaucho (gowtsho, gaw-), n. One of a mixed time, moderately quick, with two parts each re-
European & Indian race of mounted herdsmen. peated. [F, f. Pr. gavoto (Gavot native of Alps)]
[Sp., prob. f. native S.-Amer. lang.] gawk, n. Awkward or bashful person. [?]
gaud, n. Something gaudy, showy ornament, gawky, a. & n. Awkward, ungainly, bash-
gewgaw; showy ceremonies, gaieties, [f.
(pi.) ful, (person). Hence gawkiNESS n. [perh. f.
OF gaudir make merry f. L gaudere rejoice] prec, but found earlier]
gau'dy \ n. Grand entertainment, esp. an- gay, a. (gayer, -est). Full of or disposed to or
nual college dinner to old members &c. g.-day, ;
indicating mirth, light-hearted, sportive airy, ;

day of rejoicing, day on which college g. is held. off-hand; (euphem.) dissolute, immoral, living
[f. L gaudium joy] by prostitution showy, brilliant, bright-co-
;

gau'dy 2 Tastelessly or inappropriately

, a. loured, finely dressed. Hence gai'LY 2 adv. [f.
fine, showy, or brilliant
(of dress, decoration, F gai perh. f. OHG wdhi pretty]
literary style, &c). Hence gairdiLY 2 adv., gaze, v.i., & n. Look fixedly (at, on, upon) ;

gau'diNESS n. [earliest sense luxxirious, of
food &c; perh. orig. attrib. use of prec, later
taken as gaud + -y 2 ]
gauffer. See goffer.
gauge 1 (gaj), gage (in
dard measure to which things must conform,
esp. measure of capacity or contents of barrel,
diameter of bullet, or thickness of sheet iron
capacity, extent, scope, (take the g. of, estimate);
distance between rails or opposite wheels (broad,
hence ga'ZER 1 n. (N.) intent look (stand at g.,
looking thus). [?]
gaze'bo, n. Structure whence a view may
be had, belvedere, lantern, turret, balcony, &c
naut. sense), n. Stan- [perh. facet, formation f. prec. on L future (cf.
lavabo), or f. some Oriental word]
gazelle, n. Small graceful soft-eyed kinds of
;
antelope. [F, f. Arab, ghazal]
gaze'tte, n., & v.t. (Hist.) news-sheet, peri-
odical publication giving current events one ;

narroxo, #., of more, less, than 4ft 8£im); (Naut.; of three official journals (London, Edinburgh,
gage) relative position in respect to wind (have Dublin, G.) issued by authority twice a week
the weather g. of, be to windward of, fig. have with lists of government appointments & bank-
advantage of; also rarely lee, southerly, &c, g.)\ rupts & other public notices (in newspaper ;

graduated instrument measuring force or quan-
tity of rainfall, stream, tide, wind, &c. contriv-
ance attached to vessel to show height of its
contents instrument for testing and verifying
; tian small coin so called]
dimensions of tools, wire, &c; adjustable car-
penter's tool for marking parallel lines (Print.)
strip regulating depth of margin &c. means of
estimating, criterion, test. [ONF, etym. dub.]
gauge 2 (gaj), v.t. Measure exactly (esp. ob-
jects of standard size, as wire, bolts fluctuating
quantities or forces, as rainfall, wind depth of
titles as Westminster, PallMall, G.) newspaper;
; (vb) publish in official g. (esp. in pass, of officials
so announced). [F, f. It. gazzetta perh. f. Vene-
gazetteer*, n. Geographical dictionary, [so
; called as first provided for gazette-writers,
; earlier sense of g.]
ga'zogene, gas-, n. Apparatus making
aei^ated waters, [f. F gazogene (gas, -gen)]
; gear (g-), n., & v.t. & Equipment, apparel, i.
; &c (archaic) harness of draught animals ap-
; ;

liquid content); find capacity or content of (cask paratus, appliances, tackle, tools combination ;

&c.) by measurement & calculation (gauging- of wheels, levers, &c wheels working on one ;

rod, exciseman's instrument for this); estimate, another by teeth &c; arrangements connecting
take measure of, (person, character); make uni- motor with work
(in, out of, g., connected
its
form, bring to standard size or shape. Hence or working, with connexion interrupted or not
 ;;

GECKO 342 GENERAL.

working; high, low, g„ by which driving-wheel gemmi'fepous, a. Producing precious
of bicycle makes many, few, revolutions rela- stones bearing buds =
; ; foil. [f. L gemmifer
tively to pedals), whence gear'iNG l (6) n, ; rig- (GEMMA, -I-, -FEROUS)]
ging goods, household utensils g.-box, -case,
; ;
gemmi'parous, a. Of, propagating by, gem-
enclosing gearing of bicycle &c. g.-wheel, cog- ;
mation. Hence gemmi'parous ly 2 adv.
wheel, esp. that in bicycle which transmits mo- [gemma, L -x>arus (parere bring forth)]
tion of pedals to axle ; hence gear'LESS a. ge'mmule, n. Growing point of plant em-
(Vb) harness (draught animal often up) put ; ; bryo reproductive cell of cryptogam; (Zool.)
;

(machinery) in g., provide withg. (g. up, down, small gemma. [F, f. L gemmula (gemma, -ule)]
provide with high, low, g.) (of cog-wheel) fit ; -gen j-), suf. forming nn. in scientific use f.
(

exactly into, be ing. with. [prob. f. ON gervi = F -gene f. Gk -genes -born, of such a kind, {gen-,
OHG garawi f. OTeut. garwn ready] gn-, seen in gi-gn-omai be born, become). (1) in
ge'eko House lizard found in warm
(g-), n. oxygen & later chem. formations -gen has the
climates, Malay gekoq, imit. of its cry]
[f. sense (not Gk) that which produces (hydrogen,
gee 1
, gee'-gee, (je), n. (colloq.). Horse, nitrogen, cyanogen) (2) in endogen, exogen, &c. ;

[orig. child's wd, f. foil.] (bot.) -gen = growth (acrogen, thallogen).

gee 2 gee'-ho*, gee*-(h)u*p, gee'-wo',
, gena'ppe (j-), n. Smooth kind of worsted,
( je), intt. (Words of command to horse &c.) go [f. Genappe in Belgium]
on, go faster, (sometimes) turn to right. gendar'me (F), n. (pi. -s). Soldier, mounted
geese. See goose. or on foot, employed in police duties esp. in
ehe'nna place of burning,
(g-), n. Hell ;
France ; (Mountaineering) rock-tower occupy-
torment, or misery. f. Hellenistic Gk [eccl.L, ing & blocking arete.
geenna f. Heb. gehinnom hell, orig. valley of gendarmerie (F), n. Force of gendarmes.
Hinnom where children were sacrificed] ge'nder • (j-), n. Grammatical classification
gei'sha (ga-), n. Japanese dancing-girl. [Jap.] (or one of the two, or three, classes) of objects
ge'latln(e) (j-; also -en), n. Amorphous brit- roughly corresponding to the two sexes & sex-
tle transparent tasteless slightly yellow sub- lessness (masculine, feminine, & neuter;
stance, basis of the jellies resulting from stewing see also common *, epicene), (of nouns & pro-
skin, tendons, ligaments, bone-matrix, &c. (vege- nouns) property of belonging to such class, (of
table g., constituent of gluten identical with adjj.) appropriate form for accompanying a
animal g.; blasting-g., an explosive nitro-gly- noun of any such class; (joe) sex. Hence
cerine compound g. paper, coated with sensi- ; ge'ndePLESS a. [f. OF gen(d)re f. L genus]
tized g. for photography). Hence gelati'ni- ge'nder 2 (j-), v.t. (poet.). =engender. [f.
form a., gela'tino- comb. form. [f. F gelatine OFjjen(d)rer f. L generare (prec)]
f. It. geiatina (gelata jelly, -in)] genealo'gieal, a. Of genealogy; tracing
fela'tinous, a. Jelly-like in consistency &c. family descent g. tree, table showing descent
;

gelatin. So gela*tinizE(3) v.t. & i., gela*- of family or of animal species in shape of tree
tinoiD a. & gilatineux (prec, -ous)]
n. [f. F with branches. Hence genealo'giealLY 2
gela'tion Solidification by freezing,
( j-), n. adv. [f. F ghiialogique f. med.L f. Gk genea-
[f. L gelatio (gelare freeze, -ation)] logikOS (GENEALOGY, -IC) + -AL]
geld (g-), v.t. Deprive (usu. male animal) of genea'logize (-j-), v.t. & i. Trace genealogy
generative power, castrate, excise testicles or of ; draw up genealogies. Hence genea'lo-
ovaries of. Hence (-)ge'ldER 1 n. [f. ON gelda] giST(l) n. [foil., -ize]
ge'lding, n. Gelded horse or other animal, genea'logy, descent from
n. Account of
[f. ON geldingr (prec, -ing 3
)] ancestor by enumeration of intermediate per-
ge'lid (j-), a. Icy, ice-cold ; chilly, cool. [f. L sons, pedigree investigation of pedigrees
;
;

gelidus (gelu frost) cogn. w. cold] plant's or animal's line of development from
gem j-), n., & v.t.
( Precious stone, esp. when earlier forms. [OF (-gie) f. LL f. Gk genealogia
cut and polished; object of great beauty or (genea race, -logv)]
worth, choicest part of, prized thing precious ; genera. See genus.
or semi-precious stone with engraved design ;
ge'neral (j-), a. & n. Completely or approxi-
hence ge'mmv 2 a. (Vb) adorn (as) with gg. mately universal, including or affecting all or
[f. L gemma bud, jewel] nearly all parts, not partial, particular, local, or
Gemar'a (g-), n. Later part of Talmud, com- sectional, (g. confession, to be made by whole
mentary on mishna. [Aram., = completion] congregation ; g. council, summoned by invita-
ge'minate 1
(
j-, -at), a. (nat. hist.). Combined tion to the Church at large g. election G. ; ;

in pairs, [f. Office, head office in London

ligeminare (geminus twin), -ate 2 ] G. Post, Post ;

ge'minate 2 , v.t. first morning delivery, also name of indoor

Double, repeat, arrange in
pairs. SogeminA'TiON" n. [as prec, -ate 3 ]
game) prevalent, widespread, usual, (in a g. ;

Ge'mim (j-), n. & (-1) int. Constellation Cas- way, ordinarily) not limited in application, ;

tor and Pollux or the Twins, third sign of relating to whole class of objects, occasions,
Zodiac, (also as archaic or vulg. exclamation of &c, true of all or (opp. universal) nearly all
surprise). [L, = twins] cases (as a g. rule, in most cases), including
ge'mma (j-), n. (bot., zool. pi. -ae). Leaf- ; points common to individuals of a class &
bud ;(in mosses &c) small cellular body that neglecting differences (g. uwd, term, notion) ;

separates from mother-plant & starts fresh one; not restricted to one department, not special-
(Zool.) bud-like growth on animal of low organi- ized, (g. dealer, trader in many articles g. prac- ;

zation becoming detached & developing into titioner, doctor treating cases of all kinds g. ;

individual. [L, see gem] servant, maid-of -all- work g. reader, of miscel- ;

ge'mmate 1 , a. Having buds, reproducing laneous literature) roughly corresponding or ;

by gemmation, [f. L gemmatus (prec, -ate 2 )] adequate, sufficient for practical purposes, (g.
gemma'te 2, v.i. Put forth buds, propagate resemblance, idea) vague, indefinite, (spoke ;

by gemmation, [f. L gemmare (gemma), -ate 3 ] only in g. terms) (Mil., of officer) above rank ;

gemma'tion, n. Act, manner, of budding of colonel (appended to titles, as adjutant-.?.,

;

arrangement of buds; reproduction by gemmae, attorney-?., posrmaster-g.) chief, head, wr ith

formation of new individual by protrusion & unrestricted authority or sphere, (also joe w ith r

separation of part of the parent. So ge'm- other nn., as lover-g., one who makes love to all
mATiVE a. [F, f. L as prec, -ationJ women) in g„ generally, in all ordinary cases,
;
 ;;

GENERALISSIMO 343 GENTEEL

barring special exceptions, for the most part. Hence gene'tiCALLY adv. [f. genesis on anal,
(N.) the g. (archaic), the public (pi. now rare) ; ; of antithesis -etic]
g. principles, notions, or rules ; chief of religious gene'va 1 , n. Spirit distilled from grain &
Dominicans (Mil.) officer
order, e. g. of Jesuits, ; flavoured with juniper berries, Hollands, [f.
next below Field-Marshal (also by courtesy of Du. gcnever f. OF genevre f. Ljunipei-us juni-
lieutenant-g. Scma^'or-g.) ; commander of army ;
per w. assim. to foil.]
tactician, strategist, of specified merit (a good, Gene'va 2 , a. (attrib.). Of, from, Geneva (G.
bad, great, g. ; nog.); = g. servant above (col- bands, clerical band^s like those of Swiss Cal-
loq.). [OF, f. L generalis (genus, -al)] vinists G. Convention, of 1864-5 neutralizing
;

genepali'ssimo, n. Commander of com- ambulances &c. in war G. cross, red Greek

;

bined military & naval force, or of several cross on white ground distinguishing ambu-
armies. [It., super!, of generate general] lances &c. in war; G. goicn, black, worn by
genepa/lity, n. Being general, applicability Calvinists & low-churchmen in pulpit). Hence
to whole class of instances vagueness general Gene'VAN, GenevE'SE, aa. & nn.
; ;

point, principle, law, or statement main body, ge'nial *, a. Nuptial, generative, (g. bed, in-
;

bulk, majority, of, [f. F g6n£ralite f. L genera- stinct rare) conducive to growth, mild, warm, ; ;

litatem (general, -ty)] (of air, climate, &c); cheering, enlivening;

genepaliza'tion, n. (Forming of) general jovial, kindly, sociable, whence genia'liTY n.,
notion or proposition obtained by induction ge*nialiZE(3) v.t. ; of genius (rare). Hence
(often used disparagingly, esp. hasty g., one ge'nialLY 2 adv. [f. L genialis (genius, -al)]
based on too few instances), [foil., -ation] genral 2
, a. (anat.). Of the chin. [f. Gk
generalize, v. t. & i. Reduce to general laws, geneion chin (gemis jaw cf. L gena) + -al]
form into a general notion, give a general char- geni'culate (at), geni'culated, aa. (nat.
acter to, call by a general name infer (law, con- hist.). Having knee-like joints, [f. L genicu-
;

clusion) by induction base general statement latus (geniculum f. genu knee, -cule, -ate 2 )]
;

upon (facts &c); (Math., Philos.) throw into ge'nie (-i), n. (pi. usu. genii see genius). Jin-
general form, extend application of; form nee, sprite or goblin of Arabian tales, [f. F
general notions by abstraction (Paint.) render genie f. L genius]
;

only the typical characteristics of; make vague, genro-, comb, form of Gk geneion chin, as
usegeneralities, speak vaguely; bring into gene- -hy'oid of chin & hyoid bone.
ral use. Hence ge'nepalizER 1
n. [-ize] geni'sta (j-), n. Genus of yellow-flowered
generally, adv. For the most part, exten- shrubs (including in some classifications the
sively in a general sense, without regard to common broom). [L]
;

particulars, not specially, (g. speaking, in ge'nital (j-), a., & n. (pi.). Of animal genera-
general) as a general rule, commonly, [-LY 2] tion
; (n. pi.) external organs of generation, ;

ge'nepalship, n. Office of a general [f. L genitalis (gignere genit- beget, -AL)]

strategy, military skill ; skilful management, ge'nitlve, a. & n. G. case or g., grammatical
tact, diplomacy, [-ship] form of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, & parti-
ge'nerate, v.t. Bring into existence, pro- ciples, corresponding in inflected langg. to of,
duce, evolve, (plants, animals, &c. usu. in pass. from, & other prepositions with the noun re-
,

heat, force, light, friction, electricity, &c. re- presenting the source, possessor, &c.; Hence
sult, state of things, state of mind, &c); (Math. geniti'VAL a. [f. L genitivus (casus case) of
of point, line, surface, conceived as moving) generation, mistransl. of Gk genike (ptosis
make (line, surface, solid), [f. L generare beget case) of class genitivus as prec. + -ive] ;

(genus), -ATE 3 ] ge'nito-, comb, form of genital, as -urinary

generation, n. Procreation, propagation of of the genital & urinary organs.
species, begetting or being begotten, (equivocal ge'nius, n. (pi. -iuses, -ii). Tutelary spirit of
or spontaneous g.) ; production by natural or person, place, or institution (good, evil, g., two
artificial process; single step in descent or opposed spirits or angels working for person's
pedigree (have known them for three gg. ; his salvation or damnation, also person who power-
descendant in the tenth g.) ; whole body of per- fully influences one for good or ill); (usu. pi.,
sons born about same time, average time in genii, w. sing, genie) demon(s), supernatural
which children are ready to replace parents being(s) ; nation's, age's, &c, prevalent feeling,
(reckoned at 4 of a century or at 30 years as a opinions, or taste ; character, spirit, drift,
time-measure), [f. L generatio (prec, -ation)] method, of a language, law, &c. associations ;

generative (-at-, -at-), a. Of procreation or inspirations of a place ; natural ability,

able to produce, productive, [prec, -ative] special mental endowments; (no pi.) exalted
ge'nepatop, n. Begetter ; apparatus for intellectual power, instinctive & extraordinary
producing gases, steam, electricity, &c. [L imaginative, creative, or inventive capacity,
(GENERATE, -OR 2 )] (pi. -iuses) person having this ; g. loci (L), pre-
gene'Pie, Characteristic of a genus or
a. siding deity, associations &c, of the place. [L,
class applied to (any individual of) a large
; in first sense, f. root of gignere beget]
group or class general, not specific or special.
; Ge'noa j-), n. Italian city (G. cake, rich with
(

Hence gene'PiCALLY adv. [f. L genus + -ic] almonds on top). Hence GenoE'SE &
a. n.
ge'nerous, a. Magnanimous, noble-minded, genre (F), n. Kind, style ; (also g. -painting)
not mean or prejudiced, free in giving, munifi- portrayal of scenes &c. from ordinary life.
cent, so genepo'siTY n. ; (of soil) fertile; gens (Rom. ant. pi. gentes). Clan,
(j-), n. ;

ample, abundant, copious ; (of diet, colour, sept, among Greeks or Romans. [L, genit. gen-
wine) rich & full. Hence ge'nePOUSLY 2 adv. tis (gignere beget)]
[f F g&nercux f L generosus (genus, -ous) well-
. . gent, n. Gentleman (vulg.) person pretend- ;

born, generous] ing to status of gentleman (joe), [short for

ge'nesis, n. First book of O. T. with account , gentleman]
of the Creation (G-) origin, mode of formation
; gentee'l, a. (usu. iron. vulg. in serious use).
;

or generation, (also in comb, as abiog., parthe- Appropriate to, characteristic of, belonging to,
nog.). [L f. Gk (root of gignomai become)] the upper classes, stylish, fashionable, well-
ge'net (je-), n. (Fur of) "kind of civet-cat. [f. dressed, elegant. Hence gentee'lLY 2 (-1-li)
OF genete f. Arab, jarnait] adv. [16th-c. adoption of gentil (cf. 13th-c. gen-
gene'tic (ji-), a. Of, in, concerning, origin. tle) see gentile]
 ;; ;;;

GENTIAN 344 GEOMETER

gentian (-shn, -tian), n. Kinds of usu. blue- flexioN, nn., genufleetORY a. [f. med.L
flowered plant found esp. in mountain regions ;
genufiectere -flex- (prec, ftectere bend)]
g.-bitter, tonic extracted from its root. [f. L genuine, a. Of the original stock, pure-bred
gentiana (Gentius king of Illyria, -an)] really proceeding from its reputed source or
gentile, a. & n. (Person) not of Jewish race, author ; having the supposed character, not
(in Mormon use) non-Mormon, whence g-e*n- counterfeit, properly so called. Hence ge*nu-
tileDOM n. of a nation or tribe, (a. & n. in
;
ineLY - adv., ge'nuineNESS n. [f. L genuinus
Gram.) (word) indicating nationality heathen, ;
(cf. ingenuus ingenuous) f. Aryan gen- beget]

pagan, [f. F gentil f. L gentilis (gens, -il)J genus, n. (pi. ge'nera). (Logic) kind of things
gentilrtial (-shl), a. Of a nation, gens, or including subordinate kinds or species (highest
family (g. noun, name, insignia), [f. L gentili- gr., not itself subordinated as species to higher

tius (gentilis gentile) + -al] g.; subaltern g., so subordinated) (Zool., Bot.) ;

genti'lity, n. Gentle birth, status of gentle- group of animals or plants having common
man or lady, (now rare) (usu. iron.) being gen- ;
structural characteristics distinct from those
teel, social superiority, good manners, upper- of all other groups, usu. containing several&
class habits, {shabby g., endeavour to keep up species (see class ; the generic specific &
genteel appearances), [f. OF gentilite f. L gen- names, the former with capital initial, form
tilitatem (gentile, -ty)] the proper name the genus Homo, mankind) ;

ge*ntle,a. (-er, -est), & n. Well-born, (Herald.) (loosely) kind, class, order, tribe. [L, genit.
having right to bear arms, (now only in g. & -eris race f. Aryan as prec]
-geny (j-), suf. forming nn. indicating mode
simple, & in comb, as gentlefolks, gentleman) ;

(of birth, blood, family, pursuits, &c.) honour- of production f. F -genie (-gen), as anthropo-
able, belonging to or fit for the class of gentle- geny history of human evolution, often with
men ; (archaic) generous, noble, courteous (still corresp. nn. in -genesis < adjj. in -genetic.
playfully in g. reader, author's apostrophe) geo- ( j-), comb, form of Gk ge earth (Gk geo-),
tame, quiet (the g. craft, angling), easily man- as -dyna'mic of the latent forces of the earth,
aged not stormy, rough, or violent (of medi-
; ;
-sele'nic of earth moon. &
cine) mild, not drastic (of rule &c.) not severe
;
Considered as viewed from;
geoee'ntpie, a.
moderate (a g. heat), gradual (a g. slope) kind, (g. latitude of planet, in
; the earth's centre
mild, tender, (the g. sex, women) gentlefolk(s), which it would appear to observer at earth's
;

people of good position &family. (X.): (pi.; centre) having or representing the earth as ;

vulg.) gentlefolks maggot, larva of flesh-fly or

; centre, [prec, centric (centre \ -ic)]
bluebottle, used as fishing-bait (f. obs. sense geode j-), n. (Concretionary stone contain- (

soft of adj.). [f. OF gentil see gentile] ing) cavity lined with crystals or other mineral
ge'ntlehood, n. Position or character at- matter. Hence ged'dic a. [f. F geode f. L f.
taching to gentle birth, [from 1860 -hood] Gk geodes earthy (ge earth, -ode)]
;

ge'ntleman, n. Man entitled to bear arms geo'desy, n. Branch of mathematics dealing

but not included in the nobility (chiefly hist.) with figure & area of the earth or large por-
member of certain professions &c. (archaic) tions of it. So geode'sic, geode'tic, aa.
man of gentle birth attached to household of (-sic, -tic, line, shortest possible on surface be-
sovereign or great person (g. in waiting &c. tween two points), geode tic al a., geode*-
g.-at-arms, one of sovereign's bodyguard on tiealLY 2 adv., geo*desisT(3) n. [f. F geodesic
state occasions) man of chivalrous instincts,
; f. mod.L f. Gk GEO(daisia f. daio divide)]
fine feelings, & good breeding man of good geo'gnosy, n. = geology geology of a
; ;

social position, man of wealth & leisure (cour- district knowledge of the mineral character,
; ;

teous synonym for) man, (pi., in voc.) male grouping, & distribution, of particular rocks.
members of audience (Law) man who has no So geogno'stic(AL) aa. [f. F geognosie (geo-,
;

occupation (facet.) old g., the devil, my g., the Gk gnosis knowledge, gnostos known}
;

fellow I was speaking of, g.'s g., valet g.-com- geogra*phie(al), aa. Of geography (-ic lati-
;

77io ner (hist.), privileged undergraduate at Oxf. tude, angle made with plane of equator by per-
& Camb.; g.-farmer, country g. who farms ; g.- pendicular to earth's surface at any point -al ;

itsher, g. acting as usher to great person. Hence mile, = 1' of longitude on equator or about
ge'ntlemanHooD, gentlemansHrp(l), nn. 2000 yds). Hence geogpa'phiealLY 2 adv.
[gentle+ man after OF gentilz horn] Gk GEO(graphikos graphic) + -al]
[f.
gentlemanlike, a. Appropriate to, resem- geo'gpaphy, n. Science of the earth's sur-
bling, a gentleman, [-like] face, form, physical features, natural politi- &
gentlemanly, Feeling, behaving, or
a. cal divisions, climate, productions, population,
looking, like a gentleman ; befitting a gentle- «fec (mathematical, physical, & political, g.,
man. Hence gentlemanliNESS n. [-ly l ] the science in these aspects) subject-matter of ;

gentleness, n. Kindliness, mildness free- ; g. ; features, arrangement, of place treatise or ;

dom from severity, suddenness, violence, steep- manual So geo'GRAPHER n. [f. F fireo-
of g.
ness, &c. [-NESS] graphie f. L f. Gk GEO(graphia -graph y)]
gemtlewoman, n. Woman of good birth geo'logize, v.i. & t. Devote time to examin-
or breeding, lady. Hence gentlewoman- ing places geologically, collecting specimens,
hood gcntlewomanLiKE, gentle- &c examine (place) thus. [foil. + -ize]
n., ;

womanLY aa., gentlewomanliNESS n.

1
, geo'logy, n. Science of the earth's crust, its
[gentle + woman after OF gentil femme] strata, & their relations & changes geological ;

gently, adv. As gentleman or gentlewoman features of district. Hence geolo'gic(AL) aa.

(only in g. born, of gentle birth) ; quietly, mode- (-ic now only of things forming part of subject-
rately, softly, slowly, (as remonstrance) not so matter of geo*lo giealLY 2 adv., geo'LO-
g.),
#

fast &c. ; mildly, tenderly, kindly, [-lv 2] gist n. [f. med.L f. Gk GKodogia -logy)]
ge'ntpy, n. People next belo'w the nobility geomaney, n. Divination from figure given
in position &
birth ; (contempt., esp. these g.) by handful of earth thrown down, & hence from
people, [prob. f. obs. gentrice f. OF genterise