EXPERIENCE OF CONDUCTING PARTICIPATORY

MONITORING FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF LAWS

ON ENVIRONMENT; WATER AND MINERAL
RESOURCES

B. Bayarmaa
Chair, Association of Khuvsgil Lake Owners

27 March 2019, Ulaanbaatar

WHAT IS PARTICIPATORY MONITORING (PM)?

¨ Who?- Subject
¨ For what?- Object
¨ How?- Methodology
¨ Do what?- Activities

Undertake monitoring of organization’s policy,

decision, implementation of projects and
programs, quality and access to services and
resource allocation using different methods and
methodologies through engaging all relevant
stakeholders, reporting of results and make one’s
voice heard
 STAGES OF PM

1. Decision-making:
Selection of an issue -
Survey studies

2. Defining main
stakeholders/participants :
4 R approach
7. Changes:
Publicity and advocacy

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM OF
3. Defining objectives and targets
PARTICIPATORY available information-
MONITORING Baseline survey

6. Reporting: assessment
and recommendation
4. Selection of criteria and indicators

5. Selection of methodology:
Source
 Establishment of PM Groups /in 11 soums of 8 aimags from
May-Nov 2011/

Objective:
Contribute to improvement of Laws on Minerals and Environment through
establishment of “Participatory Monitoring Groups” (PMG) at local level
Objective 1
Establish PMGs in 11 soums of 8 aimags /Erdenetsagaan soum of Sukhbaatar
aimag, Matad soum of Dornod aimag, Norovlin soum of Khentii aimag, Murun,
Burentogtokh, Arbulag and Tunel soums of Khuvsgul aimag, Tsogtsetsii soum
of Umnugobi aimag, Bayan-ovoo soum of Bayankhongor aimag, Tuvshruulekh
soum of Arkhangai aimag, Erdene soum of Tuv aimag/ to ensure the
implementation of Laws on Minerals and Environment, build their capacity and
ensure their sustainable operations
Objective 2
11 PMGs to conduct the PM for implementation of Laws on Minerals and
Environment in their respective areas and inform the public on results
Objective 3
Form Multi-stakeholder partnerships at local levels to ensure the
implementation of Laws on Minerals and Environment
 Establishment of PMGs at local levels

Phasic trainings:
I phase:
learn methodologies of conducting PM for
implementation of Laws on Minerals and
Environment
II phase:
Public awareness on extractive industry, their
legal rights of participation, training on
extractive industry, monitoring, advocacy and
duties, so forth creation of organizational
structure for undertaking PM for Laws on
Minerals and Environment.
 Experience of PMGs at local levels

3 БҮС
Western region Central and Gobi region Eastern region
Training was Murun, Khuvsgul Ulaanbaatar Matad, Dornod
organized in 3
places
Duration: 23 days 5 June 2010 24 May 2010 16 June 2010

Number of 25 16 30
participants: 71
PMGs established Arbulag, Murun, Bumbugur soum of Murun and Umnudelger
in 11 soums of 8 Burentogtokh soums of Bayankhongor aimag, soums of Khentii aimag,
aimags Khuvsgul aimag Khan-Uul district of UB, Matad soum of Dornod
3 soums in 1 aimag Erdene soum of Tuv aimag, Erdenetsagaan soum
aimag, Tsogttsetseii of Sukhbaatar aimag
soum of Umnugobi 4 soums of 3 aimags
aimag
4 soums of 4 aimags
Number of PMGs: 3 3 4
11
Number of Soum Governor, Deputy Soum Governor, Deputy Soum Governor, Deputy
stakeholders of Governors-4; Governors-2; Governors-2; Representative
PMGs: 3 main Representative of Soum Representative of Soum of Soum Citizens
stakeholders Citizens Representative’s Citizens Representative’s Representative’s Hural-1; Bag
 Experience of PMGs at local levels: Results

Quantitative results: Qualitative results:

PMGs established in 9 soums. The foundation of cooperation between

government, non-government organizations,
private sector and citizens was created.
24 hour 1st phase of training on The level of knowledge of training participants
“Methodology of conducting PM was not adequate before the training as most
for implementation of Laws on answered as “I have heard about it”, “I don’t
Minerals and Environment” was know nothing about it” with an average test
organized in 3 regions involving 71 score of 2.19, whereas the average test score
multi-stakeholder representatives. increased to 3.8 after the training and the most
participants’ evaluation of the training was
“Result is achieved” and “Knowledge was
gained”.
During the course of training, training
participants formed groups on practicing the
PM methodology for conducting PM on
implementation of respective laws in the
context of their local areas.
 Experience of PMGs at local levels: Results

Quantitative results: Qualitative results:

37 multi-stakeholder participants involved in Training participants gained a new knowledge of good
the 2nd phase of training titled “Re-designing governance, re-designing of governance and approaches of
of local governance: Partnership multi-stakeholder partnerships at local levels and shared
Development” their experiences.

The handbook “Methodology of PM for
implementation of Laws on Minerals and
Environment” was developed and 500
handbooks published for dissemination to 9
soum communities.
The handbook “Re-designing
governance: Partnership Development” was
developed and 500 handbooks published for
dissemination to 9 soum communities.
3 PMGs conducted PM for 3 mining
companies with special license for use of
minerals.
Local community and civil servants now has the simple
methodology on conducting monitoring of implementation
of Laws on Minerals and Environment.
local Participants of the project gained a knowledge on how local
governance can be re-designed, solutions for improvement,
knowledge from best practices and sources of information.
Mutual understanding was reached and steps of
cooperation were agreed:
• Improve 14 km road in Bor-Undur and eliminate
overlapping decisions,
• The monitoring authority of local governance agencies
has been reflected in the Law on petroleum, Dornod
•In Bayankhongor, a cooperation agreement was…..for the
Experience of PMGs at local levels: Central and Gobi
region
Experience of PMGs at local levels: Western region
Experience of PMGs at local levels: Eastern region
Experience of PMGs at local levels: Handbooks
 Experience of PMGs at local levels: PM 3 bags

Name of the company

Aimag Soum NGO in charge of PMG
for PM
Bayankhongor Bumbugur Оdod gold LLC “Khongo nutgiin duudlaga” NGO

Dornod Мatad Petro China Dachin Tamsag “Association of Khalkh Gol/river,

LLC Buir Nuur/lake and Numrug basin
protection”
Khentii Darkhan Tunsuni LLC “Khuduu aral movement”/”Rural
island movement” NGO
 PM: DATE, ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES AND COVERAGE
/In 2016, 1 soum from 1 aimag, 1 khoroo from 1 district/

Soum, The name of

Name of the
Aimag, UB district, the company NGO led PMG
area
khoroo name for PM

Тuv Zaamar Khailaast bag Zeregtsee LC “Munkh nogoon

has” NGO

UB Khan-uul Biofactory Biofactory “Dartsagt

district, 12th SOE Khairkhan” LLC
khoroo
UB Khan-uul Тuul village “Borjgoniin “Shine suurishil-
district, 13th tal” LLC eruul ayulgui
khoroo orchin”/New
settlement-healthy
and safe
environment”
 PARTICIPATORY MONITORING FOR WATER

OBJECTIVE:
To conduct PM /4+16/ for implementation of legislation on Water and
prepare recommendation on improvement of law enforcement for public
dissemination and influence on government
TARGETS:
¨ Create 3 PMGs engaging representatives from Zaamar soum of Tuv
aimag, Khailaast bag, 12th and 13th khoroos of Khan-uul district of UB,
NGO and the company
¨ Organize PM for implementation of the Law on Water using 16
indicators of 4 groups focusing on the use of water resources,
protection and monitoring, issues of public interest and conflicts and
find out main violation of the law and reasons behind
¨ Disseminate PM results for public and prepare recommendation on
improvement of implementation of the law and influence on
government
 METHODOLOGY OF PM

PM steps/phases Objective of PM Methodology of PM

Survey Get an understanding about use and
studies/Situation protection of water resources by
analysis selected entity through collection of
information and rationally defining the
need for further analysis and course of
action.
Baseline survey Find out whether there is a violation of
the Law on water use and protection and
reasons behind
Face-to-face (open) interview
method can be used.
Observation method can be
used in the form of
participatory observation and
or independent observation.
Literature review
Use participatory monitoring
methods: “Roadmap on
violation”, “Conflict Three”

Assessment of Prepare recommendation on Use the participatory

results and improvement of implementation of the monitoring method “The
influence on Law and ways to eliminate violations and reason of denying the cause”
government influence on relevant agencies Prepare a report on PM