PIPING FABRICATION

PRE-FABRICATION
• The contractor shall fabricate all pipe work in
conformity with the requirements of pertinent
general arrangement drawing and
specification.
• Where specific details of fabrication are not
indicated on the drawings or not specified
herein fabrication and erection shall be done
in accordance with the code for petroleum
refinery piping ANSI B 31.3 latest edition
 Alignment

• The pipes to be joined by welding shall be

aligned correctly with the existing tolerances
on
• diameters, wall thickness and out of
roundness. The same alignment shall be
preserved during
• welding.
• For the internal misalignment due to
difference in wall thickness of the mating
components exceeding 1/16”, the component
with the higher wall thickness shall be
internally machined / grounded as per
standard, so that the adjoining surfaces are
approximately flushed
 Layout, Cutting & Fitting-up

• For laying out headers, tees, laterals and other

irregular details, cutting templates shall be used
to ensure accurate cutting and proper fit up.
• All cutting shall follow the outline of the
templates.
• Machine cut bevels to form the welding groove
are preferred in carbon steel pipe.
• However, smooth, clean, slag free, flame cut
bevel is acceptable.
• Tack welds with full penetration shall be used
and shall become the part of the finished
weld.
• Defective welds or tack welds with lack of
penetration are not acceptable and shall be
chipped /
• ground out. No temporary weld attachment
shall be with extended clamps / attachments
• All flange facing shall be true and
perpendicular to the axis of the pipe to which
they are attached.
• Flange bolt holes shall straddle the normal
centre
• Lines unless different orientation is shown in
drawings to match the equipment connections
• etc.tolerances on fabrication shall be as per
standard
• Mitre Bends & Fabricated Reducer
• The specific application of welded mitre bends
and fabricated reducers shall be governed by
the piping material specifications to be
furnished to the contractor.
• The angle of the each cut segment shall be
15deg, 30deg, 30deg and 60deg for right
angle bends (4 piece mitres).
• The piping rates shall be inclusive of erection
of mitre bends and fabrication of reducers.
• However, the contractor shall be paid
separately for fabrication of bends where
required
 Pipe joints

• The relevant piping class attached to each line

specifies the type of pipe joints to be adopted
in construction in all piping systems. In
general, joining for lines 2” and above in utility
piping system shall be accomplished by butt
welding connections.
• Pipe lines 1 ½” and below shall have
• socket welded / butt welded / screwed joints as
specified in the piping materials specifications.
• Butt welded joints shall be as per standard.
• In general, flanged connections shall be used at
connections to all equipment and where required
• for ease of erection and maintenance purposes.
• All piping shall be routed and located as
shown in piping drawings keeping in view the
piping specifications.
• No deviations from the arrangement shown
shall be permitted without the express
consent of the Engineer in charge.
• a) While fitting up mating flanges, care shall
be exercised to properly align the pipes and to
check the flanges for trueness, so that faces of
the flanges can be pulled up together without
inducing any stresses at the pipes and
equipment nozzles.
• The bolt holes of flanges in the vertical plane
shall straddle the vertical centre line of the
pipe in the erected position and for flanges in
the horizontal plane, the bolt holes shall
straddle horizontal plane unless otherwise
indicated on the drawings
 Supports

• Supports, guides and anchors for piping shall

be fabricated and provided as shown in the
• drawings. No anchors on piping shall be used
except at locations shown in the drawings. The
• pipe shall be secured firmly at anchor
supports.
• Fabrication and erection of supporting elements
and structural fixtures wherever required and
pointed out by the Engineer in charge, whether
indicated in drawing or not, to prevent vibration,
excess sag etc. shall be carried out by the
contractor.
• No separate payment will be made for erecting of
these additional supports and it will be deemed
as part of piping erection work.