Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thesis:
“Activity-based teaching methods for better
learning in pre-primary and primary classrooms”
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Thesis:
“Activity-based teaching methods for better
learning in pre-primary and primary classrooms”
Introduction
As the name suggest Activity based learning is gaining knowledge by doing
given by teachers, they use their creative dynamism to guide them through
the activity based material. There is strong lobby supporting either learning
channel. People who support traditional ways of learning strongly feels that
it worked for them, for their parents, similarly it will work well for their child as
it helps children to grasp things faster. It enhances their desire to learn and
material. The experienced facilitators offer the right kind of care and love to
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Research background
improved?
study is important as its findings will help to plan for the effective use of this
Research-objectives
study:
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-To examine the perceptions of primary mathematics teacher trainees on the
learning.
teaching-learning process.
in primary education and kids’ education programs. The learning games and
another games related activities are very useful in primary school teaching
learning and games. They have to discover the new learning games and
Literature-review
actively engaged in the learning process rather than just sitting and listening
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to the lesson. It is based on the core premise that learning should be based
analysis and evaluation of the topic under discussion (Azuka, 2013). The
based on the premise that students learn best when they are actively
derives from two basic assumptions. (1) that learning is by nature an active
endeavor, and (2) that different people learn in different ways. According to
identified as follows:
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Emaiku (2012) stated that activity-based learning offers so many benefits for
both teachers and primary students, for example, they reinforce course
activity-based learning both the teachers and students are active in the
teachers should be highly prepared for this teaching environment. In the Sri
Methodology
make the scope of research wider, with the idea of balancing the
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shortcomings of each approach.
during the validation exercise and then, it was administered to the sample of
The questionnaire consisted of two parts: The first part captured the general
questions. The first intervention was done with basic data gathered from the
results of the questionnaire and it was planned to address the first two
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problems encountered in attitudinal scale in questionnaire. As the first
methods. After the first intervention, focus group interviews were conducted
In the second intervention, eight teacher trainees were selected from the
The third and final intervention was carried out on the basis of the outcomes
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Results and discussion
line survey, 42% of the sample have a narrow view of activity-based learning
methods while 77% disagreed that they have skills on using activity-based
teaching methods. It was revealed that 72% of sample was of the view that
they have difficulties in the classroom and 72.3% of the sample agreed that
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As shown in figure 2, 86.6% respondents are of the view that activity-based
the sample indicated the time allocated for mathematics is not enough for
During the informal Interviews, 82% of teacher trainees said that they don’t
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attitude toward activity-based teaching methods but it was evident that they
By the end of first intervention with reflective journals, it was found that
model". In the second intervention, under the three domain model, the
were tried out with 45 students of grade three in the selected school. It was
revealed that 75% of the prepared activities could not be implemented in the
The study found that the major problems in the use of activity-based teaching
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due to high number (about 45) of students in the classroom. In addition, the
time allocation for each period was not sufficient to carry out activity-based
teaching-learning process.
After the third intervention, 100% of the students opined that they learned
teaching (teaching practice) period and it was found that 92% of the teacher
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Conclusion
The study found that only 42% of the teacher trainers know about activity
based teaching. Therefore, it was obvious that 58% of the sample have a
narrow view of activity-based learning methods. 77% disagreed that they had
sample was of the view that they have difficulties in the classroom to use
activity-based teaching methods and also, 72.3% of the sample agreed that
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In addition, 60% of the sample indicated that time allocated for primary
82% of teacher trainees said that they don’t have skills and knowledge to
While considering the above results, it is clear that most of the teacher
trainees do not use activity-based teaching methods due to their lack of clear
teaching methods with thorough discussion and video presentation, they can
pleasure.
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4bhRecommendations
2. Workshops and seminars should be organized for the training and re-
mathematics classes.
laboratory with sufficient space, all necessary materials, and equipment for
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5. Primary mathematics should have periods with enough time allocation to
children ages two and up. Children who begin learning to dance at an early
age receive the benefits of not only participating in a dance fitness program,
but also the class will help a child’s development at the same time.
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- Curriculum unfolds to develop the child physically, mentally, emotionally
and cognitively.
- Each class taught using lesson plans which incorporate original and
kinder dance.
A brain of the child starts developing at a very early age. For instance, if your
child is of the age one, then about 70 per cent of the brain has been
developed and by the time they are three its 90 per cent. It is during this time
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behavior, and health. This is why activity-based learning is important in the
pre-primary school. Some of the reasons why you should enroll your child
with skills and knowledge which is of great value when you enter school.
As a parent, you can have peace of mind and reassurance that your child is
in safe hands and with adults who are skilled enough and knows how to
Children who are enrolled in preprimary schools have the ability to learn
goal that they can execute it for the advancement of the condition that they
live in.
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Someone can learn to cook by reading a recipe book? No, right. So, how
can you expect your child to understand and learn belief by just listening to
Learning by Doing
begin with, activity-based learning simply understood that the child plays an
active role in their own learning where he learns by doing. Tools like three-
and so on are used to busy the child where they learn by being involved in
these activities. The level and subjects disagree from grade to grade, and
the learning is a result of the activity that the child participates in.
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Facilitates Better Understanding
The child plays a passive role in the traditional technique of learning where
This method usually relies on the rote or memorizing method where the child
At early ages children are more kinesthetic. Kinesthetic means need for
physical movement. They rely more on their touch sense to learn. They like
to touch things. Explore them. Break the toys to see how they function. As
they grow they learn, not to try out things, not to break them. Fear creeps in
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Before we analyses and accept activity based learning, we need to rethink
read
remember words
Write
think
Having mentioned what we require from kids, we should think about what
steps we take to make kids do all these. If we focus on books only, reading
and writing exercises, the kid will learn to read and write. How would you
make kids think? If we have to make kids think we have to make them do
relevant activities. Activity based learning should help the kids to analyze,
figure out how things work, perceive world realistic and think.
Think about this. You are buying a gadget or a kitchen gadget. How much
would you understand by reading the manual before trying out the gadget?
Try making the gadget work. And then when you get doubt, read the manual
for what should be done. Won’t you understand better? Always reading
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should be supported with substantiate activities. In fact activities should
precede reading.
full, encourage a love of learning and help children to develop their skills that
they will use all their lives. The primary stage of education is of prime
importance for the building of career. This stage enables a child to raise a
for Pakistan. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Education for All
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literacy. Pakistan is also signatory to the MDG declaration. These goals form
the basis for national development efforts for the increase of literacy level in
Pakistan.
Pakistan, 1973 clearly lays down the provision in Article 37 (b) that:
“The state of Pakistan shall remove illiteracy and provide free and
possible period.”
The primary literacy gross enrolment rate stands at 85.9% by 2012 while
Economic Survey of Pakistan confirms that during the year 2013-14 literacy
remained much higher in urban areas and the enrolment rate improved to
89%.
2005, 67% children enrolled in primary schools nearly 30% dropped out
Pakistan remains the lowest in South Asia and the same is true for the annual
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Primary education in Pakistan helps the person how different things are
Pakistani Educational System allow a child to grow with his aim but there are
some issues, and problems are also laying that makes our educational
system tough for every class of people. The literacy rate of Pakistan is less
than other successful countries and that is the main reason that education is
The challenges that lead to the comprehension of the problems which are
Social restrictions
Cost of education
Gender gap
War on terror
Technical education
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These are the main problems that Pakistan is facing to improve its
whenever needed.
very important for every child to get primary education to gain more
educated man and woman should be filled with the strong sense of pride and
honor for our common cultural tradition and history. Education is an art and
technique to draw out full and the best of the boys and girls.
importance for the edifice of career. Soundness and tidiness of this stage
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of the responsible. They have just followed the same principle of making
policies in closed rooms and draft curriculum which was followed in the
colonial era. Even now a days in our country, both the public sector and
private sector have the capacity to publish books yet not according to the
psychological level of the subject. They have borrowed ideas from elsewhere
in the world and feel proud to present it in seminars and workshops. The
parents of today are also responsible to a greater extinct as they are not
questioning the effects of these curriculum. They just pushing their young
ones and finally opt for tuitions, which is not the right solution. The amount
they spend on borrowing ideas and then its practical implantation will be in
my opinion far less than the amount required for the research to know the
our primary education system is that of different school system for varied
classes of the society. Again following the agenda of the colonial rulers,
lords, to run the affairs of the state and to be easily affected by the name of
also following the typical trait of punishing the students harshly. Schools'
authorities in the private sector are also highly responsible for the poor status
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of the students but to earn more and more money even they are also not
highly qualified, they have the money they are the managers, leaders,
education is not provided because there is lack of facilities and the main
reason is overpopulation. Moreover, social evils, far off distance, child labor
treated in a kind manner but teachers used to punish them in schools and
The education word is not suitable for our learning system because there
are going worse day by day and there are no signs of improvement to be
noted.
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In achieving goals, universality plays a key role. Financial barriers to
they run at constant speed in every field of life by providing those free
this learning step.The teachers must be able to cope all the challenges
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To achieve goals, policies should be clear enough. To meet the standards
blooming flowers they should be given incentives in form of gift and food,
far-off areas.
overcrowded, dilapidated and the schools which lack the basic facilities like
drinking water. The future plan is needed for next 10 years that will
Primary education, the first few years of schooling, is the most critical phase
pupil, the school and the education system build higher layers. It is at this
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stage that the child enters the world of learning, knowing the people around
him or her outside the family for the first time and gets some basic ideas
about life, relations and the broader social world. Primary education is thus
the formative level, where the teacher is trusted with the great responsibility
to develop young minds. For this reason, many of the countries that have
particular.
These ideas are essentially about how to develop a human mind and
First of all, primary education has to be enjoyable for children. Learning for
children can come from playing and doing things that create natural interest
among them. What will attract a child to learning has been a subject of
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designers and authors of children books around the world. The common
thread among all of them is how to get the child’s attention and get her or
him involved in learning. One of the methods that has been proposed and
to students. This lets students think for themselves, as they try finding
solutions on their own rather than expecting a perfect answer from the
instructor. The instructor may lead them to what might be the right answer
but before doing that, he lets students try, make mistakes and get there
and even at the higher levels, is not about textbooks, no matter how good
they are. At best, the texts are a guide or a launching pad to further tread
readings, prepared according to the age of the child with attractive cultural
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intellectual ease and deep interest. In this respect, there is much in the
Finally, from the very start, children must be given the confidence to raise
questions. This is the best way to acquire knowledge at any stage in life. If
world. My idea of bringing these points here is that if these countries can
with what these countries have done, where do we stand in Pakistan and
authority. The public school system at the primary level is dysfunctional for
are not as well trained as they should be. Second, they don’t seem to show
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an interest in the development of the child or take their profession as a very
this level is high, and one of the reasons for this is that teachers end up
driving away children from learning instead of attracting them towards it.
still out there and doing their bit to keep the system going.
The way out of the current state of affairs at the primary level is by
restructuring the school system. The first step must be to devolve schools
from the provincial and district education bureaucracy to the school itself.
Teachers must be hired by the school, serve in the same school and retire
from there. Second, some basic national standards must be established for
autonomy in education doesn’t mean a licence to play with the lives of poor
families and most importantly, with the lives of children. Finally, we need to
and its complete overhaul and continuous reforms and availability of best
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human and material resources. There is a long road ahead, but this journey
must begin now. It is never too late to devote to the primary national task of
primary education.
References
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content/uploads/2011/12/Journal-Volume-No.4
Development UK
http/www.worldcat.org/…/icon-n88-191822
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Sannino, A., and Daniels, H.(2007). Collaborative Learning in
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