PROJECT REPORT

Structural Design Report for the Powerhouse Building

at Sondu Miriu Hydropower Station

November 2009
 CERTIFICATION

I, the undersigned certify that I have read and hereby recommends for acceptance by the Engineers
Registration Board the report entitled: “Structural Design Report for the Powerhouse building”, as
original and true works of the applicant, Mr. Stephen M.Wasike, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for registration by the Engineers Registration Board of Kenya.

_________________________________ ____________

Eng. K.Tireito Date

0BSupervisor

2
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3' 5'

FRAMING PLAN EL. 1,215.3

3
 FRAMING PLAN EL. 1,210.5

3' 5'

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4
 3' 5'
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

FRAMING PLAN EL. 1,220.8 ~ 1,221.0

5
A B C D

FRAMING ELEVATION LINE 4

6
 3' 5'

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ROOF STEEL TRUSS FRAMING PLAN

7
BS 8110
CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
REF.

2.4.1 1. LOADING CONDITIONS

Live Loads Calculation For Frame Loading

i) Erection Bay (EL.1210.5,designed under Civil Works structures) 50 kN/m2

ii) All other areas as shown below:

Portion Assumed Live Load (KN/m2)

Higher Roof (EL.1224.9) : 1.5 (for maintenance of roof ,etc)

Lower Roof (EL.1220.8) : 1.5 (for maintenance)

Floor (EL.1224.9) : 10 (Control & communication room)

Balcony (EL.1215.3) : 4.0

2. ELEMENT DESIGNS

2.1 Roof Deck At Elevation 1224.9

Roof deck composed of 150mm thick RC slab on steel plate decking.

The roof was composed of secondary trusses (SB-1) and (SB-2) built into the
main trusses (SG-1) and at right angles to it.
The loading from the secondary trusses were taken as point loads on the

BS 8110 main trusses at panel points, 1900mm c/c.

Clause
2.4 Dead Loads (DL)

80mm Covering concrete = 0.08 x 23 = 1.84KN/m2

20mm Levelling concrete = 0.02 x 23 = 0.46 KN/m 2

3-ply asphalt roofing = 0.15 KN/m 2

Steel plate t = 1.6mm = 0.16 KN/m2

Concrete slab 150mm thick = 0.15 x 24 = 3.6 KN/m2 Roof DL =

6.3KN/m2
Roof Dead Load (DL) = 6.21Kn/m2
2
Say, 6.3KN/m

8
BS 8110
CALCULATIONS
REF. OUTPUT

LIVE LOADS (LL)

Roof LL =1.5
Roof Live Load (LL) for maintenance = 1.5 KN/m2
KN/m2
11BDesign of Steel Deck Plate

Stress check

Total Dead Load on deck plate, w = 6.3 kN/m / m

Span between truss SB-1, L = 1,900mm (Max.)

Assuming simply supported span,

Bending moment in plate , M = w x L2 = 6.3 x 1.9 x 1.9

8 8

= 2.84KN-m per metre width

Considering dead load acting on steel deck plate,

Ultimate moment, Mult = 1.4 x 2.84

= 4.0 KN-m per metre width

Bending Stress
Bending Stress in Plate = Mult = 4.0 x 106
= 102(< 265
(< 265 N/mm2 ) Z 39.3 x 103 N/mm2

= 102 N/mm2 (OK)

Deflection check:

σmax. = 5 x w x L4 = 5 x 6.3 x 1.94

384 x E x I 384 x 2.05E-04 x 1.82E+06

= 2.9E-03m = 2.9mm σmax. = 2.9mm

L/σ = 1900 / 2.9 = 655 > 360 (OK) Deflection OK

9
BS 8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
REF.

1. RS1 ROOF SLAB DESIGN (El.1220.8)

Slab Design For Panel Corner Panel (Grids 3` - 4)

Dimensions Materials h = 200mm

d = 154mm
Table 3.1
Short span, lx = 4.25 m fcu = 25 N/mm²

Long span, ly = 5.50 m fy = 460 N/mm²

Slab thickness, h = 200mm Density = 24 kN/m³

Clause cover to rebar, c = 30 mm (Normal weight concrete)
3.3.6 Cover= 40mm
ly /lx = 5500 = 1.3 c1.50
4250 s1.05 1 hour fire
resistance OK
Durability and fire resistance
3.3
Nominal cover for mild conditions of exposure = 40mm > 25mm OK
Table 3.4
Maximum fire resistance for 200mm thick slab = 2 hours > 1 hour
Table 3.5 EDGE CONDITIONS
Edge 1 = D D = Discontinuous

Edge 2 = C C = Continuous

Edge 3 = C

Edge 4 = D

3` 4
Edge 1

C
Lx = 4.25 m
Edge 4

Edge 2

Ly = 5.5m

C`
Edge 3

10
BS 8110 CALCULATIONS
Ref. OUTPUT
Loading
Dead Loads
Plain concrete ,80mm thick = 0.08 x 23 = 1.84 kN/m²
Levelling mortar, 20mm thick = 0.02 x 23 = 0.46
3-ply built-up roofing felt = 0.15

Slab self weight,200mm thick = 0.2 x 24 = 4.8

Suspended ceiling = 0.6
TOTAL = 7.55 kN/m²,say 7.6 kN/m²
gk = 7.6 kN/m²
Clause Live Load

3.5.2.4 Imposed, qk = 10 kN/m²

Design load, ή
Table 3.13 Design load, ή = 1.4 x 7.6 + 1.6 x 1.5 = 13.04 kN/m² = 13.04 kN/m²

Support Moment

Table 3.15 ßs = 0.087 (Support Moment for continuous span)

3.5.3.4 M = 0.087 x 13.04 x 4.25 x 4.25 = 20.49 kN-m

K = 20.49 x 106 = 0.035 < 0.156

1000 x 1542 x 25

z = 154(0.5+√(0.25-0.035 /0.9) = 147.84mm > 0.95 d (=146.3mm)

As = 20.49 x 106 = 350.0 mm2/m TOP 1

Clause 0.87 x 146.3 x 460 T12@200mm
3.4.4.4 2 2
Asmin = 0.0013 x 1000 x 200 = 260mm /m <350 mm /m OK (As = 565mm2)

Short Direction

Table 3.15 ßs = 0.065 (Mid span moment, short direction )

M = 0.065 x 13.04 x 4.25 x 4.25 = 15.31 kN-m

K = 15.31 x 106 = 0.026 < 0.156

1000 x 1542 x 25 use z = 0.95d BOTTOM 1
T12@250mm
As = 15.31 x 10 6
= 261.5 mm /m2 (As = 565mm2)
Clause 0.87 x 146.3 x 460
3.4.4.4

11
 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
Bs 8110
Ref.
USE
Distribution steel and all other areas of slab (min.rebar)
Table 3.27 T12@300mm
Asmin = 0.0013 x 1000 x 200 = 260mm2/m
(As = 377mm2)

Check for shear

3.4.5.4
ßs = 0.50 (max,at continuous edge 3)
Table 3.16 V = 0.50 x 13.04 x 4.25 = 27.7kN/m
v = 27.7 x 1000 = 0.18 N/mm2 < 0.8 √25 OR 4N/mm2
1000 x 154

100 x 565 = 0.37 ; vc = 0.59 N/mm2 > v OK

Shear ok
Table 3.9 103 x 154

Deflection
3.4.6
M = 15.31 x 106 = 0.64; fs = 5 x 460 x 261.5 = 133.1 N/mm2
Bd2 1000 x 1542 8 x 565

Modification factor, tension reinforcement = 1.516

Table 3.11 Allowable span / effective depth ratio = 26 x 1.516 = 39.42
Actual span / effective depth ratio = 4250 / 154 = 27.60<39.42 l / d ratio OK

Cracking
3.12.11.2.7 3xd = 3 x 154 = 462mm
Spacing between bars = 250 - 12 = 238mm < 3d spacing OK

clause
3. RC WALL DESIGN
3.9.3
RC walls to be infill panels between the columns and beams , thickness
200mm. Because of the opening for windows; these walls do not provide any
structural stiffness to the frames except for the self dead weight acting on the
beams.

3.1 Reinforcement design

Minimum reinforcement required in walls to control cracking due to flexure

and thermal shrinkage:
Provide
clause a) External Walls (Outside Faces Only) T12 @ 200 c/c
3.9.4.19
0.25 x 200 x 1000 / 100 = 500mm2/m (As= 565mm2)
12
 OUTPUT
BS 8110 CALCULATIONS
REF.

Provide
b) Internal Walls (Both Faces) T10 @ 200 c/c
2
provide T10 @ 200 c/c = 393mm2/m (As= 393mm

3.2.1.3 4. FRAME LOADING CALCULATIONS – INPUT LOADS

1BDead Loads (DL)

The dead loads used in the analysis were derived from knowledge of the
weights of various materials used. The calculated values are summarized in
tables 2 and 3 as shown underneath.

Sample calculation for Dead loads on Joint No. 21, 29 (Table 4.1)

Roof at elevation 1223:DL = 6.3KN/m2

Contributing Area: Length = (7.5 + 5.5 ) / 2 = 6.50m

Width = (1.9 / 2 + 0.4) = 1.35m
Area = 6.5 x 1.35 = 8.775m2
Total load on joint no. 21or 29 = DL (KN/m2) x Area (m2)
= 6.3 x 8.775 = 55.28KN
Weight of Sub-Truss SB-1/SB-2 = 0.22KN/m

Total length for load on joint = (7.5 + 5.5 ) / 2 = 6.50m

Total load on joint no. 21or 29 = 0.22 x 6.5 = 1.43KN

Similarly, Parapet wall on joint = 15.36 x 6.5 = 99.84KN

TOTAL POINT LOAD (DL) = ( 99.84 + 1.43 + 55.28) = 156.55KN

Computation for the rest of the joint loads is as shown in table 4.1 below.
Sample calculation for load distribution from slab to joint no. 9 along gridline 4
- C is demonstrated below for Roof UDL of 7.6KN/m2:

i) Roof

Area of trapezium 1: = 0.5 x ( L1 + L2) x W

= 0.5 x (3.75 + 1.525) x 2.225 = 5.87 m2
Total Roof Load = 5.87 x 7.6 KN = 44.61 KN

13
2BBS 8110 3BCALCULATIONS 4BOUTPUT
REF.

3' 4 5

JOINT no. 9

Area of trapezium 2: = 0.5 x (2.75 + 0.525) x 2.225

= 3.64m2
Total Roof Load = 3.64 x 7.6 KN
= 27.66 KN
i) Concrete Wall,1400mm High

Length of wall = 0.5 x (7.5 + 5.5) = 6.5m

Area of wall = 6.5 x 1.4 m2 = 9.10m2
Load from wall to joint = 0.2 x 24 x 9.10 = 43.68 KN

ii) 800 x 450 Beam RG1

Length of Beam = 0.5 x (7.5 + 5.5) = 6.5m
Weight of Beam = 0.8 x 0.45 x 24 = 8.64 KN/m
Dead Load of Beam = 8.64 x 6.5 = 56.16 KN

Total Load on Joint 9 = (27.66 + 43.68 + 56.16 + 44.61)KN

= 172.11 KN

Remainder of the loading on frame 4 A-D was calculated similarly for both
dead and Live Loads for member loading as well as joint loading and
results tabulated in Tables 4.1 below.

14
BS 8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
REF.

Calculation of member loads on RG3 (Members 11,120 (Ref. Table 4.2)

i) RG3 (900 X 450):

Self weight: 0.9 x 0.45 x 24 = 9.72 KN/m

ii) Roof at EL.1220.8:

Dead Load = 7.6 KN/m2 (see appendix A3)
Base of triangular load distribution ( h2) = 4.45 (see figure on page 13)
Height of triangular load distribution (d2) = 2.225
Load on triangular area contributing = 2.225 x 4.5 x7.6 / 2.25
= 33.82 kN/m

15
 TABLE 4.1:-FRAME 4 , A ~ DEAD LOAD : JOINT LOADS:
Unit TRIBUTARY PORTION
Level Load Weight Linear Triangular Trapezoidal Total Load Moment Joint
EL + Description (KN/m ) 2
L L W L1 L2 W 2
(m ) (KN) (KN-m) No.
(KN/m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
1223 Roof 6.3 0 6.5 1.35 8.78 55.28
Sub-truss 0.22 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 1.43
Parapet 15.36 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 99.84
Total 156.55 21,29
Roof 6.3 0 6.5 1.9 0 0 0 12.35 77.81
Sub-truss 0.22 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.5 1.43
Total 79.24 22~28
URG4 11.52 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 74.88
wall 6.72 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.5 43.68
Total 118.56 12,20
1220.8 Roof 7.6 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 2.225 3.64 27.66
7.6 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 2.225 5.87 44.61
wall 4.8 0 6.5 1.4 0 0 0 9.10 43.68
RG1 8.64 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 56.16
Total 172.11 9
Roof 7.6 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 4.45 7.29 55.4
7.6 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 4.45 11.74 89.22
RB1 6 6.50 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 39.00
Total 183.62 10
Roof 7.6 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 2.225 3.64 27.66
7.6 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 2.225 5.87 44.61
Cant. Slab 7.6 0 6.5 2.85 0 0 0 18.53 140.83 193.65
Parapet 8.5 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 55.25 154.7
RG2 8.64 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 56.16
RCB 8.64 2.85 0 0 0 0 0 2.85 24.62 33.87
Total 349.13 382.22 11
1217.5 2G4 11.52 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 74.88
Wall 4.8 0 6.5 4.52 0 0 0 30.55 141.02
Crane Girder 5 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 32.50
Total 248.4 7
Crane Girder 5 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 32.50 8
1215.3 Floor 5.6 0 0 0 2.225 0.525 2. 225 3.05 17.08
5.6 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 2. 225 5.87 32.87
Wall 4.8 0 6.5 4.7 0 0 0 30.55 146.64
1G1 11.52 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 74.88
Total 264.39 4
Floor 5.6 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 4.45 7.29 58.32
5.6 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 4.45 11.74 93.92
1B1 3.9 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 25.35
Total 196.59 5
Floor 5.6 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 2. 225 3.64 20.38
5.6 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 2. 225 5.87 32.87
Balcony 7.4 0 6.5 0.95 0 0 0 6.18 45.73
Edge/Handrail 4.6 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 29.90
Wall 4.8 0 6.5 4.7 0 0 0 30.55 146.64
1G2 11.52 6.5 0 0 0 0 0 6.50 74.88
1CB 10.08 2.85 0 0 0 0 0 2.85 28.73
Total 379.13 6
16
 TABLE 4.2:-FRAME 4 , A ~ D: ( MEMBER DEAD LOADS)
Unit Uniform Load Trapezoidal Load
Load Weight Length Load
Level
Descriptio h1 w1 d1 h2 w2 d2 Member
EL + 2
n (Kn/m ) b w (m) (KN/m) (m) (m) (KN/m) (m) No.
(KN/m) (m) (KN/m)
1220.8 RG3 9.72 0 9.72 11 , 12
Roof 7.6 0 0 0 4.45 33.82 2.225 11 , 12
7.6 4.45 33.82 2.225 0 0 0 11 , 12
1215.3 1G3 9.72 0 9.72 9 , 10
Floor 8 0 0 0 4.45 35.6 2.225 9 , 10
8 4.45 35.6 2.225 0 0.00 4.45 9 , 10

(A) C1 16.8 0 16.8 4

C1 36 0 36 1
(C) C3 16.8 0 16.8 6,8
C3 36 0 36 5
C3 36 0 36 2
(D) C4 11.76 0 11.76 3,7

TABLE 4.3:Frame 4 , A ~ D
Dead Load Moment Due To Eccentricity At Column Line A And C

Uniform Load Triangular Load Total Mz

From From Moment
Joint
Joint Member w L w*L w L w*L /2 Py 0.25*Py at Joint
Load
No. No. (KN/m) (m) (KN) (KN/m) (m) (KN) (KN) (KN m) No.

21 156.55
22 ~ 25 277.34
7 248.4
118.56
800.85 800.85 200.2 7
29 156.55 11 9.72 4.45 43.25 75.25 4.45 76.25
25 ~ 28 277.34
9 172.11
8 32.5
10 91.81
730.31 43.25 167.43 940.99 235.25 8

17
 TABLE 4.4:FRAME 4,A ~ D,: LIVE LOADS: JOINT LOADS
Unit TRIBUTARY PORTION
Level Load Weight Linear Rectangular Trapezoidal Total Load Joint
EL + Description (Kn/m )
2
L L W L1 L2 W (m )
2
(KN) No.
(KN/m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
1223 Roof 1.5 0 6.5 1.35 0 0 0 8.78 13.17 21,29
Roof 1.5 0 6.5 1.9 0 0 0 12.35 18.53 22 ~ 28
1220.8 Roof 1.5 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 2.225 3.64 5.46
Roof 1.5 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 2.225 5.87 8.81
Total 14.27 9
Roof 1.5 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 4. 45 7.29 10.94
Roof 1.5 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 4. 45 11.74 17.61
Total 28.55 10
Roof 1.5 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 2.225 3.64 5.46
Roof 1.5 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 2.225 5.87 8.81
Roof 1.5 0 6.5 2.85 0 0 0 18.53 27.8
Total 42.07 11
1215.3 Floor 10 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 2.225 1.82 36.4
10 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 2.225 2.94 58.7
Total 95.1 4
Floor 10 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 4. 45 3.65 72.9
10 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 4. 45 5.87 117.4
Total 190.3 5
Floor 10 0 0 0 2.75 0.525 2.225 1.82 36.4
10 0 0 0 3.75 1.525 2.225 2.94 58.7
Balcony 4 0 6.5 0.95 0 0 0 6.18 24.72
Total 119.82 6

TABLE 4.5:-FRAME 4 , A ~ D: ( MEMBER LIVE LOADS)

Unit Uniform Load Trapezoidal Load
Load Weight Length Load
Level
Descriptio h1 w1 d1 h2 w2 d2 Member
EL + 2
n (Kn/m ) b w (m) (KN/m) (m) (m) (KN/m) (m) No.
(KN/m) (m) (KN/m)
1220.8 Roof 1.5 0 0 0 4.45 6.68 2.225 11 , 12
1.5 4.45 6.68 2.225 0 0 0 11 , 12

1215.3 Floor 10 0 0 0 4.45 44.5 2.225 9 , 10

10 4.45 44.5 2.225 0 0.00 4.45 9 , 10

18
 Table 4.6: Live Load Moment Due To Eccentricity, Frame 4, (A-D)
Uniform Load Triangular Load
From Joint From Total Mz Moment
Joint Load Member W L W*L W L W*L/2 Py 0.25*Py at Joint
No. (KN) No. (KN/m) (m) (KN) (KN/ (m) (KN) (KN) (KN-M) No.
m)
21 13.17
22~25 64.86
78.03 78.03 19.51 7
29 13.17 11 6.68 4.45 14.86
25~28 64.86
9 14.27
10 14.28
106.58 14.86 121.44 30.36 8

19
BS 8110
5B

6BCALCULATIONS 7BOUTPUT
REF.

5. MONORAIL HOIST LOAD FOR DRAFT TUBE GATE (HL)

( FRAME 4, A ~ D)

Long Term Case:

8B

Hoist, Self weight = 10 kN

Lifted Load = 75 kN

Total Point Load, P = (75 + 10) KN = 85 KN

Moment (joint No.11) : M = 1.7 x 85 = 144.5 KN-m

9BShort Term case

Short term Load, P = 200 kN

Hoist self weight = 10 kN,

Total Point Load, P = (200 + 10)KN = 210 KN

Moment (joint No.11) : M = 210 x 1.7 = 357 KN-m

6. SEISMIC LOAD (SL) (UBC)

seismic loads I are considered the as 10% of Y direction loads of Dead Load, (DL),
Live Load, (LL), and Crane Dead Load (CDL). This load is applied this to the
frame in the X- direction and determined the seismic coefficient thus:

V = Z I C W

Where : RW

Z = 0.15 (Zone 2A)

I = 1.25

RW = 5.0

C = 1.25 S S = 1.0 Site Coefficient (Given in Table 16-J)

2/3
T

T = Ct hn3/4 Ct = 0.0731; hn = 1223 - 1210.5 = 12.5m

20
BS 8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
REF.

T = 0.49 Sec

C = 1.25 x 1.0 / 0.492/3 = 2.01

V = 0.15 x 1.25 x 2.01 / 5.0 x W

= 0.08 x W , Say 0.10 x W

Sample of seismic load calculation for joint loads in table 4.1 are shown in table 4.7
below. In each case, the joint loads are multiplied by a factor of 0.1:

Table 6.1:Seismic Joint Load Calculation

Level EL + Joint Dead Load (KN) Seismic Load (KN) Joint No.
1223 156.55 156.55 x 0.1 = 15.66 21,29
79.24 79.24 x 0.1 = 7.92 22~28
118.56 118.56 x 0.1 = 11.86 12,20
1220.8 172.11 172.11 x 0.1 = 17.21 9
183.62 183.62 x 0.1 = 18.36 10

7. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS (TE)

The concrete structure was subjected to stresses due to temperature changes of.
+10 degrees and -10 degrees centigrade. The temperature load was calculated
directly by STAAD programme, using the following commands:

TEMPERATURE LOAD
1 TO 12 TEMP 10
LOAD 16 -1.0 TE
TEMPERATURE LOAD
1 TO 12 TEMP -10

21
BS 2573 OUTPUT

REF. CALCULATIONS

Appendix 8. CRANE LOADS (CDL, COL)

A,

Table 25
8.1 Specification of Crane

Design Crane capacity : 1000 KN

Design Crane Capacity : 13 m

Number of Wheels : 8 pieces

Tables
1,2,3 and Design Wheel span : 4.1 m
25
Crane Loads

Dead load , W = 750.0KN (including trolley)

Maximum wheel load , Pmax = 340.0KN

Minimum wheel load , Pmin = 97.5 KN

Average wheel load , Pav = 93.8 KN

Bs 6399: Impact Loads

general
Vertical Loads, Pv = 0.25 P
purpose
cranes Transverse Horizontal Surge Load, PHT = 0.10 P

Longitudinal Horizontal Surge Load, PHL = 0.05 P

8.2 Reactions from Crane Girders to Columns

Crane Girder size = 914 x 419 x 343 kg/m Universal Beam

Add 15% of self weight to carter for weight of welds,plates,stiffenners,etc

Weight of girder = 343 x 1.15 = 395 kg/m

Weight of rail = 30kg/m

Weight of lattice girder = 75 kg/m

Crane Rxn
on Girder
Total weight = (395 + 30 + 75) kg/m
=5.0 KN/m
= 500 kg/m, OR 5.0 KN/m

22
BS 8110 OUTPUT
CALCULATIONS
REF.

8.3 Crane Position for Maximum shears

Minimum hook approach = 1.1 m

Span of crane = 13.0 m

a = 1.1 m

b = 11.9 m

c = 13.0 m

d = 4.1 m

Figure 8.1: Crane Position for Max. Shear

a) Crane Operating Load Cases:

i) Maximum Operating Load/Pair Of Wheels

Grid Line A or C
Hook + crab weight = (1000 + 150) x (13 - 1.1)
2 x 13
= 526.3 KN
Crane weight (600 / 4 ) = 150 KN
Total, (Pvmax.) = 676.3 KN
Maximum vertical load / = 1.25 x 676.3 KN Pvmax =

pair of wheels (factored) = 845.4 KN 845.4 KN

ii) Minimum operating load/pair of wheels

Grid Line A or C
Hook + crab weight = (1000 + 150) x 1.1)
2 x 13
= 48.7 KN
Crane weight (600 / 4 ) = 150 KN
Total = 198.7 KN (Pvmin.)
23
BS 8110
REF. CALCULATIONS
OUTPUT

Minimum vertical load / = 1.25 x 198.7 KN

pair of wheels (factored) = 248.375 KN

iii) Horizontal Surge Load

Hor. Surge
10% of (hook + crab) : 0.10 x (1000 + 150 )
load (PHT)
= 115 KN
= 28.8 KN
Horizontal Surge Load / = 115.0 / 4
pair of wheels (PHT) = 28.8 KN

iv) Longitudinal Surge (Breaking) Load Fig. 8.2:Surge Loads

This is defined as 5% of the wheel load Breaking
Load
For each pair of wheels : P = 0.05 x 676.3
= 67.74 KN
= 33.87 KN
Total on whole girder : 2 x 33.87 KN
= 67.74 KN
NOTE:
This force acts at rail level and is transferred to top of corbel with a moment. Since
the rail is continuous over the girder, the surge load is taken by the three columns in
each frame)

Thus each column takes,

PHL = 67.6 / 3 = 22.6 KN (see table 4.7 below) Fx=22.6 KN

And moment , 22.6 x 1.1 = 24.9KN m Mz =

In table 8.1 on page 26 below, Fx = PHL = 22.6KN and Mz = 24.9KN m 24.9knm

b) Crane Unloaded Cases:

i) Maximum Vertical Load / Pair of Wheels

Grid Line A or C
Hook + crab weight = (1000 + 150) x 1.1) = 68.7 KN
2 x 13
Crane weight (600 / 4) = 150KN
Total = 218.7KN

24
 CALCULATIONS
BS 8110 OUTPUT
REF.

ii) Minimum Vertical Load / Pair Of Wheels

Grid Line A or C
Hook + crab weight = 150 x 1.1
2 x 13

= 6.4KN

Crane weight (600 / 4) = 150KN

Minimum vertical load

Pvmin =
/ pair of wheels: (Pvmin.) = 156.4KN
156.4KN
c) Maximum Horizontal and Longitudinal Reactions from Crane Girder to
Columns

For maximum effect at Line 4, from the force diagram below:

Taking vertical and horizontal moments,

Figure 8.3: force diagram Crane Loads On Frame 3’ - 5

R3'v = 4.1 / 7.5 x Pv = 0.55 x Pv……..…..(i)

R3'HT = 0.55 x PHT……………………………………..……..(ii)

R4v = (1.0 + 3.4 / 7.5 ) x Pv = 1.45 x Pv……….....(iii)

R4HT = 1.45 x PHT ………………………………..……………(iv)

R3'HL = R4HL = R5HL = PHL…………….(v)

25
BS 8110
REF. CALCULATIONS
OUTPUT

d) Moment Reactions from crane Girders to Columns …………(Fig. 8.4)

MX = FY x 0.75 ± FZ x 1.1

MZ = FX x 1.1

Where:

FY = RV;

FZ = RHT and

FX = RHL

8.4 Sample Calculation for Crane Operating Load7(COL7)

From page 22,
Maximum vertical load, Total, (Pvmax.) at grid 3` = 845.4 KN
From equation (i), for Crane Operating Load 7 (COL7),
R3'v = 0.55 x Pv = 0.55 x 845.4
= - 464.75 KN(Max A)

For FY,with max,at A For Max.A:

R3'v =
R4v = -1.45 x Pv = 1.45 x -845.4 = -1225.83 KN
- 464.75 KN
For Fz ,with max A
R4v = Fy
R3'HT = 0.55 x PHT = 0.55 x 28.8 = 15.84 KN -1225.83 KN

For Mx, with max. at A

MX = FY x 0.75 ± FZ x 1.1
MX = 331.4
KNm
= -465 x 0.75 ± 15.8 x 1.1 = 331.4 KNm

Mz = FX x 1.1 = 22.6 x 1.1 = 24.9 KNm

Mz = 24.9
KNm
The calculated values are as tabulated in table 8.1 below.

26
 Table 8.1:Maximum Crane Dead Load Effects on Columns Along Grid Line 4
Load Case Max. @ Grid Location Fx FY FZ MX MZ
Line (KN) (KN) (KN) (KN-M) (KN-M)
A A 3' 0 - 120.3 0 90.2 0
CDL4 4 0 -317.1 0 237.8 0
C 3' 0 -86 0 -64.5 0
4 0 -226.8 0 -170.1 0
∑ 0 -750.2 0 93.4
C A 3' 0 -86 0 64.5 0
CDL4 4 0 -226.8 0 170.1 0
C 3' 0 -120.3 0 -90.2 0
4 0 -317.1 0 -237.8 0
∑ 0 -750.2 0 -93.4
A 3' 22.6 -465 15.8 366.1 -24.9
4 22.6 -1225.8 41.8 965.3 -24.9
COL7 A 5 22.6 0 0 0 -24.9
C 3' 22.6 -136.6 15.8 -85.1 -24.9
4 22.6 -360.1 41.8 -224.1 -24.9
5 22.6 0 0 0 -24.9
∑ 135.6 -2187.5 115.2 1022.2 -149.4
A 3' -22.6 -465 -15.8 331.4 24.9
4 -22.6 -1225.8 -41.8 873.4 24.9
COL8 A 5 -22.6 0 0 0 24.9
C 3' -22.6 -136.6 -15.8 -119.8 24.9
4 -22.6 -360.1 -41.8 -316.1 24.9
5 -22.6 0 0 0 24.9
∑ -135.6 -2187.5 -115.2 768.9 149.4
A 3' 22.6 -136.6 15.8 119.8 -24.9
4 22.6 -360.1 41.8 316.1 -24.9
COL21 C 5 22.6 0 0 0 -24.9
C 3' 22.6 -465 15.8 -331.4 -24.9
4 22.6 -1225.8 41.8 -873.4 -24.9
5 22.6 0 0 0 -24.9
∑ 135.6 -2187.5 115.2 -768.9 -149.4
A 3' -22.6 -465 -15.8 85.1 24.9
4 -22.6 -1225.8 -41.8 224.1 24.9
COL22 C 5 -22.6 0 0 0 24.9
C 3' -22.6 -136.6 -15.8 -366.1 24.9
4 -22.6 -360.1 -41.8 -965.3 24.9
5 -22.6 0 0 0 24.9
∑ -135.6 -2187.5 -115.2 -1022.2 149.4

27
 9. MAIN FRAME ANALYSIS FOR SP4 (A - D)

BS 8110,Part 1,clause 2.5.2:-Considering transverse truss SP4 along grid line 4 (A-D)for analyisis,the
following loading conditions and truss modelling are analysed.

10BTable 9.1:Load Condition For Transverse Frame Model 4(A-D)

Crane Crane
No. Description Seismic force
Position Operation
Standard Load
1 DL Dead Load
2 LL Live Load
3 CDL Crane Dead Load Line A
4 CDL Crane Dead Load Line C
5 COL Crane Operating Load Line A Moving A-C
6 COL Crane Operating Load Line A Moving C-A
7 COL Crane Operating Load Line C Moving A-C
8 COL Crane Operating Load Line C Moving C-A
9 SL Seismic load (DL+LL) ACTING A-D
10 SL Seismic load (DL+LL) ACTING D-A
11 SLC Seismic Load by Crane Line A ACTING A-D
12 SLC Seismic Load by Crane Line A ACTING D-A
13 SLC Seismic Load by Crane Line C ACTING A-D
14 SLC Seismic Load by Crane Line C ACTING D-A
15 TE Temperature Effect(+10 degrees)
16 TE Temperature Effect(-10 degrees)
17 HL Hoist Load (Long Term)
18 HL Hoist Load (Short Term)

Load Combinations
21 1.4DL+1.6LL+1.4CDL Line A
22 1.4DL+1.6LL+1.4CDL Line C
23 1.4DL+1.6LL+1.6COL Line A Moving A-C
24 1.4DL+1.6LL+1.6COL Line A Moving C-A
25 1.4DL+1.6LL+1.6COL Line C Moving A-C
26 1.4DL+1.6LL+1.6COL Line C Moving C-A
27 1.4DL+1.6LL+ 1.4CDL +1.4SL+1.4SLC Line A ACTING A-D
28 1.4DL+1.6LL+ 1.4CDL +1.4SL+1.4SLC Line A ACTING D-A
29 1.4DL+1.6LL+ 1.4CDL +1.4SL+1.4SLC Line C ACTING A-D
30 1.4DL+1.6LL+ 1.4CDL +1.4SL+1.4SLC Line C ACTING D-A
31 1.4DL+1.6LL+1.6HL(L Term)+1.4CDL Line C
32 1.4DL+1.6LL+1.6HL(S Term)+1.4CDL Line C
33 1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0CDL+1.0TE Line A
34 1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0CDL+1.0TE Line C
35 1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0CDL-1.0TE Line A
36 1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0CDL-1.0TE Line C

28
 10. TRUSS MODELING AND LOADING CONDITIONS

BS 8110, Part 1, Clause 3.2.1.3: Truss SG-1 is part of the frame model of superstructure at Line 4. it
is sampled to show how the analysis was carried out. The sizes of reinforced concrete elements are
as shown below:

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45

1700
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2200
8
11 12
9 10 11
RC Member B (mm) H (mm)
1, 2, 5 1000 1500 6
7 3, 4 700 700 8 7

5500
6 700 1000
5
7 700 700
10
8 700 1500 9
4 5 6
9, 10 450 900
11, 12 450 900

3
2

4800
Steel Members Size
13 ~ 20 150 x 100 x 10 RHS
21 ~ 28 200 x 100 x 10 RHS
1
29 ~ 45 100 x 100 x 10 RHS 2 3

0H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750 350
750

A D
C

Figure 10.1: FRAME SP 4 (A – D)

29
BS 8110 CALCULATIONS
OUTPUT
REF.

11. COMPUTER ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

The resuts of computer analysis,redone using STAAD 2006 are as tabulated

below in Appendix... A summary of the maximun forces is given below:

Member No. on Model Mx (KNm) Fx (KN) Fy (KN)

Column C1 1 2079 3699.5 240.1

Column C3 2 3519 5187.7 579.3

Column C4 3 558.7 2740.5 227.9

RG3 11,12 839.2 (C End ) 398.5

844.1(D End) 417

1G3 9,10 1552.2 (C End) 729

1342.2(D End ) 691

For full results of computer analysis, refer to appendix C

30
BS 8110 OUTPUT
CALCULATIONS
REF.

Clause
2.5.3
12. DESIGN OF RC AND MEMBERS

Clause 3.4 a) 900 x 450 1G3

Table 12.1:Beam Shears and Moments from Computer Analysis

Moment (KN-m) Shears

Location Top Bottom (KN)
End C 1552.2 - 729
Centre - 925 414
End D 1342.2 - 691

Design Parameters
Width, b = 450mm d = 832.5mm
Overall Depth, h = 900mm
d' = 52. 5 mm
Cover to Rebars, t = 40mm
Effective Depth, d = 900 – 40 – 12 – 12.5 = 832.5mm

Concrete Grade, fc = 25 N/mm2

Steel Yield, fy = 460N/mm2

Assume T25 rebars, T12 stirrups

d' = 40 + 25/2 = 52. 5 mm

End C (TOP),Moment = 1552.2 KNM

Clause K = 1552.2x 106 = 0.199 > 0.156
3.4.4.4 25 x 450 x 832.52
Compression reinforcement required,
K - K’ = 0.199 - 0.156 = 0.043
Excess Moment = 0.043 x 25 x 450 x 832.52
= 335.89 KN-m

31
BS 8110
REF. CALCULATIONS
OUTPUT

Asc = 335.89 x 106 PROVIDE

0.95 x 460 x (832.5 - 52. 5) 3 T25
= 985.4 mm2
(1470 mm²)
PROVIDE 2 T25 COMPRESSION STEEL

Tension steel,

Z = 832.5(0.5 + √(0.25 - 0.156 /0.9)

Z = 645.2mm
As = 0.156 x 25 x 450 x 832.5 2 + 985.4 mm2
0.95 x 460 x 645.2

= 5299.3mm2

PROVIDE 12 T25 TENSION STEEL As = 5890mm2

x = (d – z) / 0.45 = (832.5 - 645.2) / 0.45 x = 416.2mm

d’ / x = 52. 5 / 416.2 = 0.126 d’ / x < 0.37

As min = 1.5 x 600 x 1000 = 850 mm²

As crack = 0.4 x 0.5 x 3 x 1000/2 x 600/460 = 391 mm²

Shear Analysis (End C)

3.4.5.2
v = V = 729 x 1000 = 1.95 N/mm2
bd 450 x 832.5
v=1.95 <
100 As/bd = 100 x 5890/ 450 / 832.5 = 1.57 4 N/mm2

Table 3.8 (vc + 0.4) = (0.77 + 0.4) = 1.17 N/mm2 vc = 0.77 <
2
0.8 x √fcu = 0.8 x √25 = 4 N/mm2 4 N/mm

Table 3.7 (vc + 0.4) < v < 0.8 x √fcu OR

1.17 N/mm2 < v < 4 N/mm2

3.4.5.3 Assume 3T12 @ 150, Stirrup spacing < 12 x 25 = 300mm Asv≥131.6 mm

2

Asv ≥ bv sv (v - vc) / 0.87 fy

≥ 450 x 150( 1.95 – 0.77) / 0.87 / 460

32
BS 8110 CALCULATIONS
REF. OUTPUT

cl.3.4.5.5 ≥ 131.6 mm2

(Svmin.) = (0.75d), = 0.75 x 832.5 = 624.4mm Asv = 339mm2

PROVIDE 3-T12 @150mm c / c,

Deep Beam Side Reinforcement

Try 6 T16 side rebars
Sb = (900 – 2 x (40 + 12 + 25)) = 373mm
(6 / 2 + 1)

Min. bar size = √s b x b = √ 373 x 600 =

fy 460

Therefore provide 6 -T16 side reinforcements

Clause
b) DESIGN OF REBARS FOR COLUMN C4
3.8.2.1
( Elevation 1210.5 - 1215.3)

Column Parameters

bcol = 700 mm loy = 4800mm

hcol = 700 mm cover = 40 mm

lox = 4800mm FcU = 25N/mm2

Column Loads From STAAD Analysis

MX = 558.7 KNm; Shear = 227.9 KN (X- axis)

My = 97.9KNm; = 31.4 KN (Y- axis)

N (Axial ) = 2740.5 KN

NOTE:

Moments and shears in Y -axis are from the longitudinal frame A (3` - 5)
analysis, considering dead loads and live load combinations only.

33
 CALCULATIONS
BS 8110 OUTPUT
REF.

3.8.1.6.2 End Conditions:

Bottom:
dbeam = 800mm
Table 3.20
βx = 1.2 : Column unrestrained at top,restarined by deep beam at botom.

βy= 1.2 : Column restrained at top and bottom by deep beam .

Column effective heights lex = 5760mm

3.8.1.6.1 lex = βx x lox = 1.2 x 4,800 lyx = 5760mm
ley = βy x loy = 1.2 x 4,800
h' = 637.5mm
h' = 700 - 40 - 10 - 12.5
b' = 700 - 40 -10 - 12.5 b'= 637.5 mm
h' / h = 637.5 / 700 = 0.91
h' / h = 0.91
Analysis Condition
lex / hcol = 4800 / 700 = 8.23 < 10
ley / bcol = 4800 / 700 = 8.23 < 10
bcol > dbeam

Therefore the Column IS Short Column IS

Short

3.8.4.5
Bi-Axial Bending

Design moment :

Mx = 558.7 knm = 876.39 KN

h' 0. 6375m
Mx > My
b' h'
My = 97.9KNm = 153.59 KN
b' 0. 6375m

Mx > My
b' h'

Therefore Design for Enhanced M'x

equation 40
M'x = Mx + β x ( h' / b' ) x My

34
BS 8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
REF.

Table 3.22. β = 1 - 7 x N = 1 - 7 x 2740.5 x 103

β = 0.739
6 x b x h x fcu 6 x 700 x 700 x 25

M'x = 558.7 + 0.739 x ( 637.5 / 637.5 ) x 97.9 M'x = 631KNm

= 631.05 KNm

N = 2740.5 x 103 = 5.59

Bh 700 x 700

M'x = 631.05 x 106 = 1.84

bh2 700 x 700 x 700

Part 3 100Asc = 0.7%

Provide :
bh
10T25 Bars
Chart
No.25 Provide 10T25 Bars
( Asc =
(100 Asc / bh = 1.00) 4910mm2)

3.8.4.6
Shear Analysis

Shear, V = (Vx2 + Vy2)1/2

Vx = 227.9 KN ; Vy = 31.4KN

V = ( 227.92 x 31.42 )1/2

V = 230.1 KN
= 230.1 KN

v = V = 230.1 x 103 = 0.52 N/mm2

v=0.52 N/mm2
h'b 637.5 x 700

v < 4.0 N/mm2 OR 5.0 N/mm2 vc=0.65 N/mm2

Table 3.9
vc = 0.65 N / mm2

35
 CALCULATIONS
BS8110 OUTPUT
REF.

Clause v'c = vc + 0.60 N / Ac V h' / M

3.4.5.12
Ac = h = 0.49m2;
M = 631.05 KNm

Hence v'c = 0.65 + 0.60 x 2740.5

0.49 x 230.1 x 0.6375 x 631.05
v'c =
2
= 0.69 N /mm2 0.69N /mm

Therefore provide min. Hoops: Use

3.4.7 Max. spacing = 0.75 x h' = 0.75 x 637.5 = 478.12mm; 3 T10@200

Min. Size of Hoop = 25 / 4 = 6.25mm

a) Design of Corbel to Support Crane Girder

Clause
5.2.3.4

Figure 12.1: Crane position for maximum shear force on supports(Corbel)

Shear Force Analysis

Horizontal force on corbel = 27 kN

Dynamic wheel load (P) = 300.0 KN/wheel

36
BS8110 CALCULATIONS OUTPUT
REF.

Impact factor (wheels) = 1.25

Therefore factored load = 1.25 x 300 = 375.0 KN

Ultimate load,Pf = 1.4 x 375.0 = 525 KN

C = 4.34m (c/c spacing of Crane wheels) Pf = 525 KN

Pf = 525 KN/ wheel (Factored Load)

L = 7.5 m (Max span of Girder)

W swt = 5 KN/m (Assumed Girder self weight)

PT = 2 x Pf = 2 x 525 = 1050 KN

Max. shear force due to wheel loads = PT x ( 2 - C/L )

1050 x ( 2 - 4.34/7.5 ) = 1492.4 KN

Girder self weight. = 5 x 7.5/2 = 18.8 KN

Vx=1511.2 KN
Total Shear force, Vx = 1492.4 + 18.8 = 1511.2 KN

Concrete strength fcu = 25 N/mm2 ; fy = 460N/mm2

Maximum bearing stress at contact surface = 0.8 x 25 = 20N/mm2

Minimum Length of bearing plate = 470mm

Required minimum width of Bearing Plate = 1511.2 x 103

(20 x 470)
= 160mm
minimum width of Bearing Plate provided = 370 > 160mm OK
Clause
5.2.7.1 For the corbel section considered,(See Figure 12.2 below)

Column width,B = 1000mm

Overal Depth,H = 2000 mm
effective depth d = 2000 - (40 + 25 / 2) = 1947.5 mm

37
BS8110 CALCULATIONS
REF.
OUTPUT

Figure 12.2: Rebar for corbel section

Figure 12.3: Corbel forces

38
 CALCULATIONS
BS8110 OUTPUT
REF.

Reinforcement

clause Shear stress ,v = Total Shear, Vx = 1511.2 x 103

5.2.7.2.3 V = 0.776
Bxd 1000 x 1947.5 N/mm2
BS table
3.9 Line of action of load from column face, a v = 500mm
av / d = 500 / 1947.5 = 0.26mm
v / fcu = 0.776 / 25 = 0.03

From chart, appendix…….

z / d = 0.875 ; z = 0.875 x 1947.5 = 1704.06mm

x = (d - z) / 0.45 = (1947.5 - 1704.06) / 0.45 x =540.97mm

(d - x) = 1947.5 - 540.97 = 1406.53mm

Ft = Vx x cotβ = 1511.2 x 500 / 1406.53 Ft = 537.21KN
From strain profile,
use concrete
concrete strain,εs = (1406.53 / 540.97) x 0.0035 = 0.0091 > 0.002
εs =0.002
x/d = 540.97 / 1947.5 = 0.28
x / d = 0.28

From table 104,Reiynolds,steel stress, fs = 330 N/mm2

Required Rebar = Steel Tensile Force,Ft

Steel Stress, fs

= 537.21 x 103 = 1627.9mm

330

but 0.5 Vx = 0.5 x 1511.2 = 755.6 KN > Ft

So provide As = (755.6 + 1.4 x 27) x103 = 2404mm2 Provide

330 6 T25 bars

SHEAR ANALYSIS AS=2950mm2

100 x As / B x d = 100 x 2950 / 1000 x 1947.5 = 0.15

Concrete shear stress, vc = 0.34 N/mm2

39
 CALCULATIONS
BS5950
REF. OUTPUT

Provide:
T12@150 C/C
Links required : As / sv = B(v - vc)
AS=754mm2/m
= 1000(0.878-0.34) = 538 mm2/m

Minimum area of links = 0.5 x Rebar area Provide 7

legs@226
= 0.5 x 2950 = 1473mm2 2
AS= 1582mm

Notes

1.) The main tension bars to be welded to a cross bar of equal size and
strength.
2.) 2).The distance between the edge of the bearing plate and the inside
face of the cross bar (169mm) > cover to main tension bars.

13. DESIGN OF MAIN TRUSS MEMBERS (SG-1)

BS 5950,
Part 4.6.1
From STAAD analysis, maximum axial forces( KN ) are :

Tension compression

Bottom Members (Nos. 13 – 20) : 1116.8

Top Members (Nos. 21 – 28) : 1205.9

Internal Members (Nos. 29– 45) : 749.1 749.10

Consider member No. 17 with tensile force = 1141.05 KN

For welded connections, allowable tensile force, Pt,

Pt = A e x Py ; Ae = gross area of section.

Try 150 x 100 x 10mm RHS section

Allowable tensile force = 55.5 x 10 2 x 275 x 10-3

Use
= 1526.25 KN > 1141.05 KN OK 150x100x10mm
RHS
40
 BS8110 CALCULATIONS
OUTPUT
REF.

Member with max. compressive force (No.24) = 1205.92 KN

Panel points for secondary trusses = 1812.5mm

Effective length, LE = 1812.5 x 1.0 mm

Try 200 x 100 x 10mm RHS

Radius of gyration = 7.0 x 10mm

Λ = 1812.5 / 7.0 x 10mm = 25.9

BS 5950, pc = 269 N/mm2

4.7.3.2 Use
allowable compressive force Pc = pc x Ag ; Ag = 55.5cm2 200x100x10mm
Table 27(a) RHS
Pc = 269 x10-3 x 55.5 x 102 = 1492.95 > 1205.92 KN OK

Deflection check for truss SG-1:

Displacement diagrams (figs.13.1 &13.2) below depict the deflection of truss

SG-1. On frame 4 A-D.

i) Determination of max deflection due to Dead Load (See fig.13.1)

σDL= 21.15mm
σDL = 23.91 – (2.32 + 3.20) = 21.15 mm ………(i)
2

ii) Determination of max deflection due to Live Load (See fig.13.2)

σLL = 4.85 mm
σLL = 5.48 – (0.50 + 0.77) = 4.85 mm ………(ii)
2
i) Computation of maximum total deflection due to combined Dead
Load and Live Load
σmax= 26.0mm
σmax = σDL + σLL

= (21.15 + 4.85) mm = 26.0 mm

L / σ > 360
i) Check on limiting deflection ratio (L / σ)
OK
L/σ = 15,200 / 26.0 = 584.6 > 360 OK

41
BS5950
REF.
CALCULATIONS
OUTPUT

Figure 13.1:Dead Load deflections

Figure 13.2:Live Load deflections

42
43
44
45
 SECTION B: BILLS OF QUANTITIES

BILLS OF QUAN TITIES

GENERAL NOTES:

46
Whenever in the contractors priced bill of quantities no price appears against an item,the value of s
uch item shall be deemed to have been included in his prices for the other items in the bill of
quantities.

Abbreviations

Throughout the bill of quantities,units of measurements and the terms are abbreviated and shall be
interpreted as follows:

M shall mean linear metre

Sm shall mean square metre

Cm shall mean cubic metre

Mm shall mean millimeter

Kg shall mean kilogramme

Ditto shall mean the whole of the preceeding description except as qualified in the description

in which it occurs.

47
48
49
APPENDICES

50
 APPENDIX A:
FRAME MODELLING

51
 3.2.1 12BSp 4 (A – D) For Dead Loads on Frame

Modeling of all Dead Loads (DL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) as calculated above is as
given below. The self weight of the steel truss is not given and will automatically be calculated by the
analysis software (STAAD III)

-156.58 -79.24 -79.24 -79.24 -79.24 -79.24 -79.24 -79.24 -156.58

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37 -9.75
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 -127.92
-127.92 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-173.07 -183.62 -344.79

2200
8
-34.27 -34.27 11
-16.8 -16.8
4
9 11
10
12
6 -8.64 -16.58
-32.5 -11.76 7

5500
8 -237.81
-254.02
143.4 -269.52 -199.04 -373.88
5 -35.6 -35.6
-36.0 6
4 9 5 10
-36.0 -10.08

1
2 -11.76 3

4800
1

2 3

1H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750
Figure……………….. For deal loads (DL). Units: KN, M
A D
C

52
 3.2.2 13BSP 4 (A – D) For Live Loads on Frame

Modeling of all Live Loads (LL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) is as given below.

-13.17 -18.53 -18.53 -18.53 -18.53 -18.53 -18.53 -18.53 -13.17

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-28.55 -42.07

2200
8
-14.27 -6.68 -6.68
4 11
9 11
10
12
6

-254.02 -11.76 7
8 -30.36

5500
19.51 -190.2 -380.6 -214.92
5 -89.0 -89.0
7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1

2 3

2H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750
Figure……………….. For Live loads (LL). Units: KN, M
A D
C

53
 3.2.3 14BSP 4 (A – D) for Crane Dead Loads (CDL)

Modeling of Crane Dead Loads (CDL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) with maximum
loading at Grid A is as given below.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10
12
6

7
8 -226.8

5500
-317.1
170.1
5
-237.8
7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1

2 3

3H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750

A D
C M
Figure……………….. For Crane Dead Loads (CDL) [A: MAX] Units: KN,

54
 SP 4 ( A – D)

Modeling of Crane Dead Loads (CDL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) with maximum
loading at Grid C is as given below.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10
12
6

7
8 -317.1

5500
-226.8
237.8
5
-170.1
7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1

2 3

4H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750

A D
C M
Figure……………….. For Crane Dead Loads (CDL) [C: MAX] Units: KN,

55
 3.2.4 15BSP 4 (A – D): CRANE OPERATING LOAD (COL)

1) [Max A – C]

Modeling of Crane Operating Load (COL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) with maximum
loading at Grid A and crane travelling from A to C is as given below.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10
12
6

-360.1 7

5500
8
-1225.8 224.1
41.8
41.8
5
-965.3
7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1
2 3

5H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750
Figure……………….. For Crane Operating Load (COL) [A: MAX:- A-C] Units: KN, M
A D
C

56
 2) Crane Operating Load (Col) [Max C – A]

Modeling of Crane Operating Load (COL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) with maximum
loading at Grid A and crane travelling from C to A is as given below.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10
12
6

-360.1 7

5500
8
-1225.8
316.1 -41.8
-41.8
-873.4 5

7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1

2 3

6H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750

A D
C
Figure……………….. For Crane Operating Load (COL) [A: MAX:- A-C] Units: KN, M

57
 3) Crane Operating Load (Col) [Max A – C]

Modeling of Crane Operating Load (COL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) with maximum
loading at Grid C and crane travelling from A to C is as given below.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10
12
6

-1225.8 7

5500
8
-360.1 873.4
41.8
41.8
5
-316.1
7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1

2 3

7H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750

A D
C

Figure……………….. For Crane Operating Load (COL) [C: MAX:- A-C] Units: KN, M

58
 4) Crane Operating Load (Col) [Max C – A]

Modeling of Crane Operating Load (COL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) with maximum
loading at Grid C and crane travelling from C to A is as given below.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10
12
6

-1225.8 7

5500
8
-360.1 -41.8
965.3
-224.1 -41.8
5

7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1

2 3

8H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750

A D
C

Figure……………….. For Crane Operating Load (COL) [C: MAX: - C - A] Units: KN, M

59
 3.2.5 16BSP 4 (A – D) for Seismic Load Case

Modeling of Seismic Load Case (SL) forces acting on the sub-frame SP4 (A-D) is as given below.
These forces were considered as 10% of Y direction loads of Dead Load, (DL), Live Load, (LL), and
Crane Dead Load (CDL). The calculated seismic load was applied to the frame in the X- direction.

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10
12
6

7
8 -226.8

5500
-317.1
170.1
5
-237.8
7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1

2 3

9H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750

A D
C

Figure……………….. For Crane Dead Loads (CDL) [A: MAX] Units: KN, M

60
 3.2.6 17BSP 4 (A – D): For Hoist Loads

1. Long Term Hoist Load

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -85.0

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10 -144.5
12
6

5500
8

7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1
2 3

10H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750

A D
C

Figure……………….. For

61
 2. Sp 4 ( a – d): For Short Term Hoist Load

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 37
29

1700
30 31 32 33 34 35 36

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -210

2200
8

4 11
9 11
10 -357.0
12
6

5500
8

7 6
4 9 5 10

1
2 3

4800
1

2 3

11H8@1812.5 = 14500 4450 4450

14500 8900
750
350
750

A D
C

Figure……………….. For

62