IMPACTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS OF

SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY LABORATORY
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ACADEMIC
YEAR 2018-2019

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Practical Research 1

Submitted To:
Mrs. Marifel Tipay-Camero

By:
ZACHARY JOSEPH MUNSAYAC ALCANTARA
CHRISTOPHER RYAN BERNABE CABASOY
 ALEXI ANDRE BERNABE GALLEON
JOSHUA KYLE GUINATANG
DEMI JONES PEREZ HERMOSURA
ANGEL LYN BAUTISTA DE VERA
ALYANNA SOFIA LASISTE MANALANG
CRISTEL SHANE PETALVER NAVAL
MARIA CARA DUQUE PEREZ

11 STEM H: Saint Isidore

December 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
INTRODUCTION
1 THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study----------------------------------------------------3

Significance of the Study----------------------------------------------------4

Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework ------------------------------------5

2
 Statement of the Problem---------------------------------------------------7

Scope and Delimitations ----------------------------------------------------7

2 DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

Research Design--------------------------------------------------------------9

Population and Sampling of the Study-----------------------------------9

Sources of Data--------------------------------------------------------------10

Data Analysis Procedure------------------------------------------------- 11

Limitations of Research---------------------------------------------------11

REFERENCES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------12

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 INTRODUCTION
Background of the study

Sleep is a state on which the body and mind of an individual is relatively

inactive and its muscles are relaxed. In human body, sleep aids with all the cognitive
function such as: memory, learning, decision-making, and critical thinking. Sleep is
also said to be a physiological adaptation to conserve energy (Jung, C. 2011). With
enough sleep, an individual can function better and the condition of which an individual
suffers from lack of sleep is called sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation can result to
weight gain, dysfunction in cognitive ability, and even life-threatening health risks.
Sleep is vital and plays an important role in human system. According to the
National Sleep Foundation (2015) these are the average number of hours of sleep an
individual, depending on their age group, needs to be to store energy and be able to
function properly Studies from the National Sleep Foundation (2015) revised the
recommended sleep ranges for all six children and teen age groups. A summary of the
new recommendations includes:

 Newborns (0-3 months): Sleep range narrowed to 14-17 hours each day (previously it
was 12-18)
 Infants (4-11 months): Sleep range widened two hours to 12-15 hours (previously it
was 14-15)
 Toddlers (1-2 years): Sleep range widened by one hour to 11-14 hours (previously it
was 12-14)
 Preschoolers (3-5): Sleep range widened by one hour to 10-13 hours (previously it
was 11-13)
 School age children (6-13): Sleep range widened by one hour to 9-11 hours
(previously it was 10-11)
 Teenagers (14-17): Sleep range widened by one hour to 8-10 hours (previously it was
8.5-9.5)
 Younger adults (18-25): Sleep range is 7-9 hours (new age category)

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 Adults (26-64): Sleep range did not change and remains 7-9 hours
 Older adults (65+): Sleep range is 7-8 hours (new age category)

. The public health burden of chronic sleep loss and sleep disorders is immense.
Although clinical activities and scientific opportunities in the field are expanding,
awareness among the general public and health care professionals is low, given the
burden.
However, not everyone is getting sufficient sleep to function duly, especially
students. Many studies in the past have shown that sleep deprivation does correlate with
poor academic performance because of lower abilities in cognition as a result of poor
sleep quality. In the study done by Gilbert and Weaver (2010), the two researchers
found that sleep loss interferes with a student’s academic, extracurricular and
vocational choices. Being unable to have adequate amount of sleep results to negative
outcome while having enough sleep will not only result to an individual who’s more
functional but also healthy.
Sleep is an important biological necessity that all people need to maintain a
healthy lifestyle. It helps people work at an optimum level and is critical for brain
functioning, helping with all the cognitive functions such as memory, learning, decision
making, and critical thinking. This makes sleep extremely important for academic
performance. However, research shows that not
everyone is getting enough sleep to function properly, especially college students
(Tesoro, A., n.d.). Researchers state that sleep deprivation is one of the main reasons
college students receive low academic scores aside from stress which contributes to
sleep deprivation. The purpose of this research proposal is to examine what contributes
to sleep deprivation and see how it then affects academic performance.
According to Ivy M. Carson of Bio energy medical center the topic of sleep
deprivation has gained recognition as a leading health related concerns, featured as one
of the news focus areas in healthy people (n.d.). Numerous factors may contribute to
sleep loss. This includes, but not limited to insomnia and other disorders affecting sleep
(i.e. anxiety, restless leg syndrome, chronic pain, increase demands on time and the side
effects of medications as help maintain alertness during the day.
Lack of adequate sleep can have a multitude of immediate and long-term health
consequences adversely impacting the sleep-deprived individual, as well as other
persons they interact with and perhaps care for (Medic, G., 2017). Persons getting an
insufficient amount of sleep can sometimes sense a decline in functioning of their
immune system, but they may not make the connection to their increased risk for
chronic health issues such as hypertension, cardiovascular complications (including
heart attack, arrhythmias, and stroke) diabetes and obesity (due to the impact on
endocrine and metabolic function), depression, anxiety, decreased life expectancy and
all may cause mortality (Buxton, O., 2007).
Sleep deprivation may also adversely affect mental alertness. This can lead to
decreased performance at school leading to poor grades and decreased productivity.

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Sleep helps people work at an ideal and efficient level and is used for critical processing
of the brain and mind. This makes sleep necessary to students’ academic performance.
Being able to understand the impacts of sleep deprivation on academic performance
will aid in comprehending the importance of sleep especially for students to maintain a
quality academic performance.
In this study, the researchers’ aim is to find out the impacts of sleep deprivation
on the academic performance of the students and if such impacts are significant, with
its relevance to the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) strand.
These students must also be able to identify their level of sleep deprivation and what
causes them to reach that certain level.

Significance of the Study

In 2016 Healthy Living Index survey, around 22 percent of Filipino students are
sleep deprived with this result, the research entitled “Impact of Sleep Deprivation on
Academic Performance of Grade 11 students in Saint Louis University Laboratory
Senior High School Academic School Year 2018-2019”, is timely and relevant since
the percentage of Filipinos who are sleep deprived is increasing and academic
performance is one of the major aspect that could be affected.
The significance of this study is that it affects all walks of life. Sleep loss knows
no boundaries. It cuts across all cultural, social, economic, religious, educational,
ethnic, racial, gender and age lines (Snyder, 2003). Sleep loss does not choose any
specific person, rather it can affect everyone no matter their background and their
upbringing. This study seeks to know the direct impacts of sleep deprivation to the
STEM students of the new school system of the Philippines, which is the K-12
curriculum.
The findings of this study will contribute to the benefit of society considering
that sleep plays a vital role to one’s well being. Teenagers need more sleep than we
think (Breus, 2017). Sleep can directly affect how a person would be feeling
throughout the day. As the study deals with the Impacts of Sleep Deprivation the
result would be beneficial to the following:

Students. This study would benefit the students, it would help raise awareness
and show what causes these students to be sleep deprived. It would show the
underlying impacts and effects of sleep deprivation to the academic performance of
these students and show the importance of sleep to their lives. The result will provide
the students with some knowledge on sleeping late and how it can be avoided. It will
give the student’s a realization that sleep deprivation can affect their academic
performance and their health. At the end of the study the grade 11 students would
finally know the techniques to avoid and manage their time wisely.

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 Teachers. It would also benefit the teachers, the given data would guide them
as to how they can adjust the workload and show that the students take up other classes
as well. Teach how they can influence the students on how to manage their time. The
teachers would be able to understand on why some students sleep on class or have
sudden failing grades and later on, help them.
Parents. Like the teachers, the parents too will understand why their children
have failures in their subjects through the given data. The given data would help them
formulate some preventive measures to help their sons and daughter from sleeping late.
The findings would also help them learn the actions of their children. This would guide
them as to how they would deal with their sleep-deprived children, and give preventive
measures to avoid these phenomena from happening.

Government. To raise awareness to the government, show them how students,

in the experimental stage of their program, suffer from the gaps that they have set forth
with this new system they have established.

Future Researchers. This study would be of help to future researchers, this

would serve as a guide and reference when they are conducting their own study.
Thus, a new theory of the impacts of sleep deprivation to the academic performance of
students may arrive.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

Sleep is an important factor in promoting a healthy well-being. It is believed by

almost all people that a good night sleep will make a person physically, mentally, and
emotionally healthy. However, despite this accepted knowledge, some people still tend
to sacrifice their sleep due to some activities that are too tempting to give-up in
exchange to resting for the night. Teenagers are the most vulnerable to sleep deprivation
due to their carefree and happy-go-lucky attitude. This is further heightened by their
exposure and preoccupation to gadgets. Unknown to some teenagers, sleep deprivation
may have an impact on their everyday activities specifically on their academic
performance.
Sleep Deprivation Defined as not obtaining adequate total sleep. (American
Sleep Association, 2017). Sleep deprivation is a general term to describe a state caused
by inadequate quantity or quality of sleep, including voluntary or involuntary
sleeplessness and circadian rhythm sleep disorders (Better Health Channel, n.d.). Sleep
deprivation is common place in modern society, but its far-reaching effects on cognitive
performance are only beginning to be understood from a scientific perspective
(Killgore, W., 2010). Sleep deprivation degrades the most complex mental functions,
including the ability to understand, adapt, and plan under rapidly changing
circumstances (Belenky, G., Penetar, D., Thorne, D. et al., 2014). Sleep loss seriously

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impacts your brain function, including decreased working memory, ability to
concentrate, situational and battlefield awareness, focus, and response time (Uniformed
Services University, 2009). The cumulative effect of this sleep deficit seems to be
contributing to a less productive workforce (National Sleep Foundation, n.d.).

Sleep deprivation commonly known as insufficient sleep is the condition of

not having enough sleep. It can be either chronic or acute. Sleep deprivation is a
condition which results from not getting enough sleep ("The Snoring Mouthpiece
Review", 2018). Chiara Cirelli, MD, PhD said that, Sleep insufficiency exists when
sleep is insufficient to support adequate alertness, performance, and health, either
because of reduced total sleep time

Cognition is defined as ‘the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge

and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses (Cambridge Cognition,
2015) Cognitive performance refers to a range of mental processes relating to the
acquisition, storage, manipulation, and retrieval of information. Sleep deprivation
adversely affects the ability to perform cognitive tasks, but theories range from
predicting an overall decline in cognitive functioning because of reduced stability in
attentional networks to specific deficits in various cognitive domains or processes
(Ratcliff, R, Hans, P. A., Vandogen, 2010).

Academic performance refers to the ability to study and remember facts and
being able to study effectively and see how facts fit together to form larger patterns of
knowledge, and being able to think for yourself in relation to facts and being able to
communicate your knowledge verbally or written (Nyagosia, P., 2011). Academic
performance is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of factors such
as, meta-reflective thinking and learning, motivation, learning and study skills,
engagement versus disengagement, quality of instruction, and socioeconomic status
(Duckworth & Seligman, 2005). It represents performance outcomes that indicate the
extent to which a person has accomplished specific goals that were the focus of
activities in instructional environments, specifically in school, college, and university
(Steinmayr,R., Meißner, A., Weidinger, A., Wirthwein, L., 2017).
According to Niebuhr (1995) Academic performance of students is typically
assessed by the use of teacher’s ratings, tests, and examinations. Several studies have
been conducted to find out students’ academic performance. All these studies engaged
the Grade Point Average (GPA) as a common indicator of the performance of the
students (Applegate and Daly, 2006; Hedjazi and Omidi, 2008; Ramadan and Quraan,
1994; Al-Rofo, 2010; Torki, 1988; Hijaz and Naqvi, 2006; Naser and Peel, 1998;
Abdullah, 2005).
The definition of academic performance extends to achievement outside the
classroom. Some of the brightest students don’t earn straight as but are extremely well-
rounded, succeeding at everything from music to athletics (William, E., 2018)
Performance of students is affected by psychological, economic, social, personal and
environmental factors. Walberg (1980) found that academic achievement can be

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explained by prior success, age, motivation, amount of instruction, classroom climate,
home environment, peer group, and exposure to mass media.

Impacts of Sleep Deprivation to the Academic Performance:

The pattern of sleep one experiences in a 24-hour period directly correlates

with physical health, mood, and mental functioning. It is been our common observation
that mostly students do not keep sleep as a priority (Term Paper, 2017). Sleep is the key
to restoring our energy just as food and exercise. Little sleep increases our risk to
decreased concentration, attention and even memory deterioration. It also decreases the
strength of brain to retain new information. Majority of students say that they don’t get
sufficient sleep time (Lack, 2010). Knowledge about sleep hygiene is very scarce in
students and it leads to their sleep practices which affect study and grades in long term
(Brown, Buboltz Jr., and Soper, 2010).

The Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine reports that behaviorally induced

insufficient sleep is associated with poor academic performance among adolescents
(Lee, Y.J., 2017). Shortened total sleep time, erratic sleep or wake schedules, late bed
and rise times, and poor sleep quality are negatively associated with academic
performance for adolescents from middle school through the college years (Wolfson,
A., Carskadon, M., 2003). Learning capacity and academic performance may seriously
be affected by the lack of sleep necessary for adolescents. Increasing daytime
sleepiness, as a consequence of poor sleep quality, can seriously impair students’
cognitive functioning and behavioral performance (Curcioa, G., Ferraraa, M., De
Genarroa, L., 2006)

Statement of the Problem

In the research study undertaken by Matthew Schumacher and Desmond Sipes
(2015), people complain at the end of the day that they are tired and are lacking energy.
Students have to suffer to stay late at night just to finish their projects that are submitted
the following day, some issues at home or in the family, or students tend to avoid them
and rather enjoy late night leisure activities rather than go to bed early. However,
studies have shown that sleeping is one of the most important things a person can do.
Sleep plays a vital role in learning and when a person fails to obtain enough sleep the
night prior, neurons in the brain might not fire properly, the body becomes out of synch,
and it can even lead to accidental physical injuries (“Benefits of Sleep”, 2007).
Students need to figure out how to have the capacity to put down their PCs,
switch off the television, say no to a night on the town, or limit a portion of their work
hours with the goal that they can guarantee themselves at any rate of rest required.
Teachers will even notice a recognizable distinction in understudy execution if the
majority of their understudies are accepting the suitable measure of rest each night.

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 This research attempts to identify the impacts of sleep deprivation to the
academic performance of grade 11 students of Saint Louis University-Laboratory
Senior High School (SLU-LSHS).

Specific Problems
1. What is the relationship of sleep deprivation of students to their academic
performance?

2. Is there a significant difference between the effects of sleep deprivation to their

sex?

3. is there a significant difference between the effects of sleep deprivation

according to strand?

Scope and Delimitation

This study is descriptive in nature and focuses on Grade 11 students of Saint

Louis University-Laboratory Senior High School during the Academic Year 2018-
2019. The respondents of this study were composed of ten (10) Grade 11 students per
section. The main tool that was utilized was a survey questionnaire developed to
determine the following: (1) the number of students who experienced sleep deprivation;
(2) the number of hours where the students were able to get some sleep; and (3) if they
were getting enough, the preferred number of hours of sleep prescribed by the National
Sleep Foundation (2015), sleep or rest. This research study is purposeful for sleep plays
a significant role in one’s academic performance.
The study is delimited to grade 12 and concentrates only to grade 11 students
as mentioned in the research title. They were not part of this study for there would be
too many participants. The participants was limited to just ten (10) students in each
Grade 11 class. The study focuses on the problems that a Grade 11 student is going
through. The purpose of this study is to help aid the sleep problems of the Grade 11
students.
This was conducted to determine the significant impact of sleep deprivation on
the academic performance of the students. Limitation of the study includes the
participants’ cooperation in answering the questionnaires thoroughly in order to draw
firm conclusions.

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 METHODOLOGY

Lack of sleep is a persevering issue happening among students particularly with

respect to their academic performance. In particular, this research was intended to
answer how lack of sleep impacts on the academic performance of the grade 11 students
picked as the respondents. This section is partitioned into a few sections tending to the
research design, locale, and data collection procedures.

Research Design

This study will be using the Correlational type of study. The study would be
addressing the "how" question.

The strategy utilized in the study is the survey method. With the said method,
the members addressed inquiries regulated through overview surveys. After the
members addressed the inquiries, researchers depicted the reactions given. Be that as it
may, all together for the survey to be both solid and legitimate, the inquiries were built
appropriately. Therefore, if legitimately structured, results picked up could be viewed
as genuine and impartial.

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 This study aims to understand the impacts of sleep deprivation to Senior High
School students. A descriptive research is used to identify the causes something that is
happening (DJS Research Ltd. 2009). This will be used to describe the different causes
of sleep deprivation and how this affect their academic performances. By using this
type of research design, we will have greater knowledge about sleep deprivation of the
students and will know how this affects their academic performance.

The study is qualitative in nature, in this way, the research questions will be
answered by descriptive data. Correlational design was utilized in building up this study
since it is a qualitative method for research in which the researchers have at least 2
factors and are attempting to decide whether there is a connection between the present
factors (Waters, 2017).

Population and Sampling

The study will be conducted at Saint Louis University Laboratory Senior High
School (SLU-LSHS) as the preferred respondents are students of the university. The
study focuses on grade 11 students of SLU-LSHS, academic year 2018-2019. The
research sample is composed of (10) grade 11 students per section.

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 Sections Number of Sample
Students

11 STEM-A 47 10

11 STEM-B 47 10

11 STEM-C 47 10

11 STEM-D 47 10

11 STEM-E 47 10

11 STEM-F 47 10

11 STEM-G 47 10

11 STEM-H 47 10

11 STEM-I 47 10

11 STEM-J 47 10

11 STEM-K 47 10

11 STEM-L 47 10

11 STEM-M 47 10

11 STEM-N 47 10

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 11 STEM-0 47 10

11 ABM A 47 10

11 ABM B 47 10

11 ABM C 47 10

11 ABM D 47 10

11 HUMMS A 47 10

11 HUMMS B 47 10

TOTAL BOYS = 105

GIRLS=105
210 respondents

Sources of Data

The gathering accumulated essential information by leading a study among

Grade 11 understudies in the Saint Louis University Laboratory Senior High School
(SLU-LSHS). Poll concerning the effect of lack of sleep towards the academic
performance was dispersed.

Then again, optional information utilized in the study are accumulated from
web sources, books and journals.

Data Analysis Procedures

Gender will be a factor when choosing participants in order to ensure an equal

number of males and females. Also, selected participants of the Grade 11 will be
chosen. All data will be analyzed based on the research question. Results will be
calculated based on the answers of the participants and will be asking as to how many
hours of sleep and the quality of outputs, in an attempt to determine a correlation
between sleep deprivation and their academic performance in school.

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Limitations of the Research

By limiting the time allotted for individuals to complete the given task or
requirements, they may feel rushed to finish those things. They may feel abused to
accomplish many requirements that may lead them to make mistakes or not to put
enough effort. Because of the reasons of students feeling pressured, students sometimes
also tend to stay up late at night just to accomplish their requirements, and thus causing
depression that can affect their overall performances. In addition, sleep deprivation can
affect their daily activities causing them to have less time with their friends and
families.

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