The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

THE ALPHABET

A ei B bi C ci D Di E i F ef G yi
H eich I ai J yei K Kei L el M em N en
O ou P pi Q kiu R Ar S es T ti U iu
V vi W dabliu X eks Y uay Z zi

SPELLING

How do you spell …?

Can you please spell …?

Spell …, please

_____________________ ______________________ ______________________

_____________________ ______________________ ______________________

_____________________ ______________________ ______________________

_____________________ ______________________ ______________________

GREETING EXPRESSIONS

Good morning How are you? I am fine / I`m fine Welcome to our
country
Good afternoon How do you do? Very well, thanks Taka care
Good evening See you then
Good night How`s it going? I`m ok She/ He is …
Whta`s up? Fine / just fine My name is
Jepherson, but
call me Jeph
It`s Nice to meet It`s nice to meet It`s a pleasure
you you too

ASKING FOR PERSONAL INFORMATION

Where do you I live in Caracas What place I want to visit

live? city do you want …
to visit?
Where do you I come from Do you want
come from? Falcon to drink/eat
something?
Where are you I am from Where do I want/prefer
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 The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

from? Falcon you to go to…

want/prefer
to go
What is your My telephone Where do I work in a
telephone number is you work? bank
number? 041698045267
What`s your My name is What do you I am a
name? Carlos do? cashier
What is your My first name is
first name? Jean Carlos
What is your My last name is
last name? Herrera
What is your My full name is
full name? Jean Carlos
Herrera

PERSONAL PRONOUNS

English Spanish
I __________
YOU __________
HE __________
SHE __________
IT __________
WE __________
YOU __________
THEY __________

VERB TO BE
AM / IS /ARE (ser o estar)
(Positive form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions
“Subject” Verb Contraction
Pronouns (To be)
1St I Am I’m
2nd You Are you’re
3rd He/She/It Is he’s / she’s / it’s

PLURAL
1st We Are we’re
2nd You you’ re

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3rd They they’re

(Negative form) Pronouns with the verb to be (am/is/are) and its Contractions

“Subject” Verb Contraction

Pronouns (To be)

1St I am + not I’m not

2nd you are + not you’re not / you aren’t

3rd He/She/It is + not he’s / she’s / it’s + not

or
he/she/it + isn’t

PLURAL

1st We Are +not we’re not / we aren’t

2nd You you’ re not / you aren’t

3rd They they’re not / they aren’t

Practice
She is in the office
You are not in the bank
He is the manager
I am an accountant

OCCUPATIONS

Actor Student

Actress Homemaker

Artist Journalist

Architect Fire-fighter

Engineer Taxi-driver

Doctor Farmer

Accountant Dentist

Cashier Worker

Manager Dancer

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Priest Chef

Lawyer Model

Businessman Fireman

Businesswoman Company director

Policeman Librarian

Policewoman Bank employee

Teacher Clerk

Secretary Soldier

Salesman Hairdresser

Barber Baker

Practice
My best friend is an accountant
My cousin Jhon is a teacher
Article A / AN
Write six sentences using the article A or AN
1. ____________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________

TELLING THE TIME

One Eleven Twenty one

Two Twelve

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Three Thirteen

Four Fourteen

Five Fifteen

Six Sixteen

Seven Seventeen

Eight Eighteen

Nine Nineteen

Ten Twenty Thirty Forty Fifty Sixty

One
hundred
one

One
hundred
two

One
hundred
three

One
hundred
four

Onre
hundred
five

One
hundred
six

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 The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

One
hundred
seven

Ore
hundred
eight

One
hundred
nine

Seventy Eighty Ninety One One One

hundred hundred hundred
ten fifty

Write the numbers using letters follow the example

1000 : one thousand / 2000 : two thousand
2651: two thousand six hundred fifty one

83 1250

472 645

890 20910

5347 435

7520 6400

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 The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

What time is it?

Can you give me the time?
Tell me the time, please

what time is it? It´s seven fifteen What time is it?

7:15 It´s fifteen minutes 1:55
past seven
It´s a quarter past
seven

What time is it? It´s twelve thirty What time is it?

12:30 It´s half past twelve 5:00
It´s thirty minutes past
twelve

What time is it? It´s nine forty five What time is it?
9:45 It´s forty five minutes 3:25
past nine
It´s fifteen to ten

What time is it? It´s two o´clock What time is it?

2:00 8:40

What time is it? What time is it?

9:30 3:58

What time is it? What time is it?

11:10 1:15

What time is it? What time is it?

4:00 7:18

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 The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

Country Nationality Languague

Argentina Argentine Spanish
Bolivia Bolivian Spanish
Brazil Brazilian Portuguese
Canada Canadian English
Colombia Colombian Spanish
Cuba Cuban Spanish
China Chinese Chinese
Chile Chilean Spanish
Dominican Republic Dominican spanish
England English English
France French French
Germany German German
Italy Italian Italian
Japon Japonese Japonese
Mexico Mexican Spanish
Portugal Portuguese portuguese
Russia Russian Russian
Spain Spanish Spanish
The United states American English
Uruguay Uruguayan Spanish

Where are you from?

I am from …

Do you speak …?

Yes, I speak …

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 The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

Regular Verbs
Present Past Meaning
Agree Agreed
Answer Answered
Arrive Arrived
Ask Asked
Call Called
Carry Carried
Believe Believed
Cook Cooked
Change Changed
Cry Cried
Dance Danced
Die Died
Hate Hated
Help Helped
Laugh Laughed
Hope Hoped
Learn Learned
Live Lived
Like Liked
Listen to Listened to
Look Looked
Love Loved
Need Needed
Study Studied
Talk Talked
Walk Walked
Work Worked
Look for Looked for
Clean Cleaned
Brush Brushed
Finish Finished
Shave Shaved
Want Wanted
Wait Waited
Watch Watched
Wash Washed
Stop Stopped
Touch Touched
Play Played
Rain Rained
Remember Remembered
Open Opened
Kill Killed
Dream Dreamed
Erase Erased
Close Closed
Decide Decided
Count Counted

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Irregular Verbs
Present Past Meaning
Be: am/is/are Was/Were
Become Became
Begin Began
Bleed Bled
Blow Blew
Break Broke
Bring Brought
Build Built
Burn Burnt
Buy Bought
Catch Caught
Come Came
Cut Cut
Choose Chose
Do/Does Did
Draw Drew
Drink Drank
Drive Drove
Eat Ate
Fall Fell
Feed Fed
Feel Felt
Fight Fought
Find Found
Fly Flew
Forget Forgot
Forgive Forgave
Get Got
Give Gave
Go/Goes Went
Have/Has Had
Hear Heard
Keep Kept
Know Knew
Stael Stole
Swim Swam
Take Took
Teach Taught
Tell Told
Think Thought
Understand Understood
Wear Wore
Win Won

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 The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

PRONOMBRES

Un pronombre es utilizado para remplazar a un nombre o a otro pronombre y para evitar repetición de
palabras dentro de la misma oración. Ellos por si solos no tienen significado dentro de una oración, solo
hacen referencia al sustantivo que están sustituyendo; el cual se conoce como antecedente. El pronombre
debe tener el mismo género y número de su antecedente.

Observa con atención el siguiente cuadro que ilustra los pronombres a considerar en esta unidad.

Personal Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive

pronouns pronouns adjectives pronouns pronouns
I Me My Mine Myself
You You Your Yours Yourself
He Him His His Himself
She Her Her Hers Herself
It It Its Its Itself
We Us Our Ours Ourselves
You You Your Yours Yourselves
They Them Their Theirs Theirselves

AFIJOS
Tanto en inglés como en el español hay una gran cantidad de afijos (prefijos y sufijos) que al sumarse a
una palabra cambia de alguna manera su significado.
Algunos diccionarios, por razones de espacio, no pueden proporcionar estos derivados sino únicamente
en aquellos casos de términos muy usados, de resto sólo proveerán la traducción de la palabra raíz.
En el lenguaje técnico y científico inglés, los prefijos y sufijos de todo tipo se usan
Con gran frecuencia debido a la precisión que éstos ofrecen. Es por ello que es importante estar al tanto de
los más importantes.
PREFIJOS
Los prefijos son partículas que se usan al inicio de una palabra para cambiar su significado. Algunos de
los prefijos más usados son:
UN: se usa para expresar negación, carencia, incompleto u oposición. Se le agrega libremente a los
adverbios y adjetivos, muy poco a sustantivos.
Unable: __________________________ Uncomfortable: _____________________
Uncertain: _______________________ Unknown: _________________________
Unclean: ________________________ Unseen: ___________________________

IN: es prefijo “IN” es de similar uso al prefijo “UN”, pero éste se usa más que todo en los adjetivos de
origen latino.

Incredible: _____________________ Intransitive: ____________________

Inconclusive: ___________________ Incomplete: ____________________

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NON: es el adverbio latino de negación, fue adoptado por el inglés en funciones de prefijo. En general
denota negación o ausencia, pero es menos enfático que “IN” o “UN”. Muchas de las palabras antecedidas
por este prefijo se explican por si solas.

Nonheroic: _____________________ Nondivisible: ____________________

Nonattendance: _________________ Noncellular: ____________________

OVER: es una partícula que se utiliza para formar vocablos compuestos. Tiene cuatro significados que se
relacionan entre sí: super, de, vol, sobre.

Overseas: ______________________ Overflow: ______________________

Overthrow: ____________________ Overturn: ______________________

Overcharge: ___________________ overweight: ____________________

UNDER: es también una partícula que se usa para formar vocablos compuestos. Éste quiere expresar
inferioridad, menos de lo usual o apropiado.

Underground: _____________________ Undergraduate: ____________________

Underneath: ______________________ Underwater: ______________________

Watch out! Otras palabras comienzan con “UNDER” pero no son compuestas, por lo tanto no se ajustan a
los significados de la partícula.

SUFIJOS

Un sufijo es lo que se encuentra anexo al final de la raíz de la palabra. Consideramos como ejemplo el
sufijo “ER” (que indica a la persona que realiza la acción), formando la palabra playER (jugador o persona
que juega)

FUL: por lo general se usa para formar adjetivos y expresa capacidad de, lleno de, entre otros.

Helpful: _______________________ Youthful: _______________________

Fearful: _______________________ Careful: ________________________

LESS: tiene como significado básico “carente de”, “incapaz de (hacer algo)”.

Blameless: _______________________ Reckless: ______________________

Countless: _______________________ Restless: ______________________

NESS: significa “estado de cualidades del ser” u “un ejemplo de este estado o cualidad”.

Darkness: _______________________ Fullness: _____________________

Thickness: ______________________ Greatness: ___________________

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ER: uno de los sufijos más usados en el idioma inglés. Indica a la persona que está realizando la acción, o
que practique un arte o profesión. También que vive o proviene de un lugar especifico.

Maker: ______________________ Teacher: _____________________

Worker: _____________________ Carpenter: ___________________

Dancer: _____________________ Player: ______________________

SHIP: significa el estado, condición, cualidad, oficio, rango, dignidad, arte o habilidad en lo expresado en el
vocablo base al cual se agrega.

Friendship: _______________________ Dealership: _______________________

LY: como sufijo equivele exactamente al sufijo adverbial “mente” del españo. Ejemplo: Daily –
Diariamente.

Brightly: _____________________ Yearly: _____________________

Quickly: _____________________ Weekly: ____________________

Watch out! En el caso de las palabra que terminan en LE, ésta terminación se elimina al agregar el sufijo
LY. Ejemplo: Noble – Nobly; Possible – Possibly

Warning!!!

1. Palabras que finalicen en “ING”, bien sea para formar el presente o pasado continuo o transformar
verbos a sustantivos, son sufijos
2. Palabras terminadas en –S, -ES o –IES para pluralizar también son sufijos.
3. Palabras finalizadas en –ED para transformar el verbo a pasado son sufijos.
COGNADOS

Un aspecto que hace el aprendizaje de una lengua extranjera más fácil es la existencia de los
cognados. Los cognados son palabras similares en los dos idiomas (inglés - español) y que, por lo tanto, son
muy fáciles de recordar. Si reconoces los cognados fácilmente, tienes una ventaja para aprender inglés.

COGNADOS EXACTOS

Son palabras que se deletrean iguales y tienen el mismo significado. Aquí tienes una pequeña lista
de los cognados exactos y verdaderos:

Hospital, error, tango, industrial, natural, patio, taco, panorama, radio, collar, regular, coyote, general,
idea, vigor, social, director, enchilada, cruel, factor, rival, terrible, hotel, grave, mantilla, color, guerrilla,
chocolate, cruel, probable, editor, real, central, crisis, animal, moral, adorable, neutral, visión personal,
posible, actor, plaza, mosquito.

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 The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

Cognados cercanos

Los cognados cercanos son aquellas palabras que tienen el mismo significado pero se deletrean un
poco diferentes. Algunos cognados cercanos son:

Español Inglés Español Inglés Español Inglés

Elegante Elegant Solución Solution Figura Figure
Humano Human Universidad University Comunicación Comunication
Justicia Justice Nación Nation Mapa Map
Vitaminas Vitamins Educación Education

Falsos cognados

Los cognados falsos son aquellas palabras que se deletrean de forma similar al español pero cuyo
significado es uno muy diferente. Algunos de estos cognados son:

Español Inglés Traducción

Actual Actual Real, verdadero
Actualmente Actually Realmente
Éxito Exit Salida
Bravo Bravo Valiente
Fabrica Fabric Tela
Lectura Lecture Medición
Oficio Office Oficina

WATCH OUT!!! Al final de la guía se anexa una lista de falsos cognados, así que como también una
pequeña guía de cómo identificar los Cognados Exactos o Verdaderos.

Estrategias para reconocer cognados verdaderos

Como acabamos de ver existe un sinnúmero de palabras en inglés que son muy parecidas y hasta
idénticas al español; se les conoce como cognados o palabras transparentes.

English Spanish
Intuitive Intuitivo
Neurosis Neurosis
Psychology Psicología
System Sistema

En inglés las palabras pueden terminar con cualquier vocal o cualquier consonante, excepto: j,q,v.

Esto no sucede así en español, pero con un ligero cambio de aquellas palabras que no se entienden
resulta muy claro. Basta con usar nuestro sentido común y las siguientes estrategias.

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Regla 1. En algunos casos es suficiente con agregar una vocal a la palabra inglesa para convertirla en una
palabra en español.

English Spanish
Incident Incidente
Important Importante

Regla 2. La e del inglés se cambia por otra vocal.

English Spanish
Complete Completo/ar
explore Explora/ar

Regla 3. La y del inglés frecuentemente cambia a una i en español.

English Spanish
Type Tipo
Analysis Análisis
System Sistema

Regla 4. La ph se convierte en f.

English Spanish
Photo Foto

LA ORACIÓN
Es la parte de la oración o conjunto de palabras que tienen un sentido completo.

CLASIFICACIÓN DE LAS ORACIONES

1) Enunciativas
Afirman o niegan algo, por lo cual se clasifican en enunciativas afirmativas y negativas. El verbo se
encuentra conjugado en modo indicado.
Example.: the Teacher is demanding

2) Imperativas
Expresan un orden, ruego o mandato . El verbo se encuentra conjugado en modo imperativo.
Example. Shut your fuck mouth. Move your ass

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3) Desiderativas
Expresan un deseo. Muchas veces figuran verbos (querer, desear, esperar…) o expresiones (ojalá,
Dios quiera…) que expresan ese deseo. El verbo se encuentra conjugado en modo subjuntivo.

Example: I wish you were here

4) Exclamativas: Expresan una idea con más fuerza. Muestra admiración, sorpresa y gritos. Utilizan
signos de admiración para indicar el cambio de actitud del hablante
Example: What a surprise!

5) Interrogativas: Expresan preguntas

Example. Who the hell are you? What the hell do you want?
Todas estas oraciones pueden expresarse en forma afirmativa o negativa.

TIPOS DE ORACIONES
SINTAGMA: Es un grupo de elementos lingüísticos que, en una oración, funcionan como una unidad.

Sintagma nominal: Consta de un sustantivo, que hace la función del núcleo del sintagma.

Sintagma verbal: Es el predicado de la oración y el núcleo del mismo es el verbo.

1. Oración Simple Es la que tiene un solo verbo y predicado.

Example:
Charles, Karen and I study literature at U.N.F.F.M.
S V P

SN SV

NP+NP+Conj+PP V+NC+PREP+NP

2. Oración Compuesta: Es la que está formada por dos o más oraciones simples enlazadas por una
conjunción o una coma; ambas oraciones son independientes.

Example.

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Karen made a big project, but it was rejected.

S V P C S V P

SN SV SN SV

NP V+Art+Adj+NC PP V+ADJ

3. Oración Compleja: está formada por más de una oración pero una oración es dependiente y otra
independiente

Example.
This is the career that I want to
S V P C S V
SN SV SN SV

Pron V+Art+NC Conj PP V

CONECTORES

Los conectores son palabras que son usadas para enlazar otra palabra, una frase o una oración (es) con el fin de formar
un párrafo (s).

 Tipos de Conectores

 De contraste: expresan diferentes relaciones de contraste entre enunciados.

Conectores de contraste
Although Aunque
However Sin embargo
But Pero
In spite of A pesar de
Even though Aunque
On the one hand Por una parte
On the other hand Por otra parte

 De comparación: subrayan algún tipo de semejanza entre enunciados.

Conectores de comparación
As Como
Like Como

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While* Mientras que

Equally Igualmente
Similarly Similarmente

 De adición: expresan suma de ideas.

Conectores de adición
And Y
Moreover Es más
Besides Además
Not only… but No solo… sino
Also También
In adittion to En adición
Furthermore Además

 De Enumeración: señalan las diferentes partes del texto.

Conectores de Enumeración
Next Siguiente
Then Luego
Finally Finalmente
Second Segundo
At the end Al final
At the beginning Al comienzo
Later Después
At first De primero

 De Causa: expresan relaciones de causa o consecuencia entre los enunciados.

Conectores de Causa
Because Porque
For that reason Por esa razón
Besause of Debido a
Due to Debido a
Thanks to Gracias a

 De Explicación: ayudan a desglosar la información contenida en enunciados anteriores.

Conectores de Explicación
Thus Entonces
That is Es decir
That is to say Se dice
In other words En otras palabras
That is why Es por eso

 De Ilustración: indican que existirá una breve descripción de una situación específica, para ayudar al lector a
visualizar la misma.

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Conectores de Ilustración
For example Por ejemplo
For instance Por ejemplo
As an example Como por ejemplo
To ilustrate Para ilustrar
Such as Como… /tales como…

 De Tiempo: establecen el momento en específico que se desarrolla la acción.

Conectores de Tiempo
Before Antes
During Durante
After Después
At the same time Al mismo tiempo
Sometimes Algunas veces
Suddenly De repente
Eventually Eventualmente
While* Mientras

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READING
El Ávila National Park

El Ávila National Park (or Waraira Repano, from an indigenous name for the area) covers part of the
mountainous region of the coastal area of north-central Venezuela. The area's highest elevation is Pico
Naiguatá, at 2,765 meters above sea level (9,071 feet). The National Park is named for the Cerro El Ávila
(Mountain El Ávila), usually just referred to as "El Ávila", which reaches 2,740 meters (8,990 feet) above
sea level. This mountain rises north of the capital Caracas located in a narrow valley 950 meters (3,115
feet) above sea level and separates the city from the Caribbean Sea. The mountain is accessible by cable
car (teleferico), by off-road vehicle or on foot.

El Ávila National Park is located along the central stretch of the Cordillera de la Costa Mountains in
northern Venezuela. El Ávila was declared a park in 1958, fulfilling an interest in its protection that had
been prevalent since the 19th century. With its creation came the protection of the forested mountains that
surround Caracas, the capital of Venezuela. These mountains now serve as both a recreational area and
as a buffer to pollution and urban expansion. El Ávila has always been an important resource for the
inhabitants of Caracas, who have used the area for a variety of activities, some of which have threatened
its conservation. A hotel and a cable car, which climbs to the highest point at 2,135 m above sea level and
drops down the other side to the city of Macuto, were opened in 1956. After being out of service for 20
years, this cable car was reopened in February of this year.

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Los Médanos de Coro National Park

Los Médanos de Coro National Park is located in the state of Falcón, Venezuela, near the city of
Coro on the road that leads to Paraguaná. The National Park was created in 1974.

The Médanos park lies on the Isthmus of Médanos and covers 91.280 hm² of desert and coastal
habitat, including salt marshes. It is made up of three zones: an alluvial plain, formed by the delta of the

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Mitare River and some smaller streams; an Aeolian plain, constituted of three types of dunes; and a littoral
plain with a belt of mangrove swamps. The massive sand dunes, known as Médanos, spread over an area
of approximately 5 by 30 kilometers. They can reach 40 meters in height and are constantly transformed by
the unrelenting wind. Rainfall is rare, thus flora consists of little more than thorny shrubs. Fauna is likewise
scarce; the park is home mainly to lizards, rabbits, anteaters, foxes, pigeons and kestrels. Visitors can
wander amongst the dunes by camel (imported many years ago), and the park is easily reached by bus or
taxi from Coro.

During the severe floods that struck Venezuela in December 1999 ("Vargas tragedy", being
especially devastating in Vargas State), the heavy rain formed four lagoons in the dunes; a circumstance
that the park guards had never witnessed before.

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Morrocoy National Park

In the Falcon state, at the northwest of Venezuela, between the villages of Tucacas and
Chichiriviche, is located Morrocoy National Park.

This park, which is located part in land and part in the sea (Golfo Triste), has a large number of
small islands or keys like: Borracho, Pelón, Sombrero, Sal, Playuela y Peraza. Morrocoy´s beaches are
excellent. But also, underneath, the corals and fishes show all their beauty to all divers.

To enjoy Morrocoy, you must visit the keys (cayos) in a boat. It can be a private boat or you can get
a ride in a "peñero", a small boat that you can share with other passengers or that you can hire to take you
and pick you up where you prefer. For a description of all the keys, please use this link: Interactive map.

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 The Best Way To Learn English, BASIC ENGLISH

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Angel Falls

Angel Falls (Spanish: Salto Ángel; Pemon language: Kerepakupai Vená, meaning "waterfall of the
deepest place", or Parakupá Vená, meaning "the fall from the highest point") is a waterfall in Venezuela. It
is the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall, with a height of 979 m (3,212 ft) and a plunge of 807 m (2,648
ft). The waterfall drops over the edge of the Auyantepui mountain in the Canaima National Park (Spanish:
Parque Nacional Canaima), a UNESCO World Heritage site in the Gran Sabana region of Bolívar State.
The height figure 979 m (3,212 ft) mostly consists of the main plunge but also includes about 400 m (0.25
mi) of sloped cascades and rapids below the drop and a 30-metre (98 ft) high plunge downstream of the
talus rapids.

The base of the falls feeds into the Kerep River (alternatively known as the Río Gauya), which flows
into the Churun River, a tributary of the Carrao River.

The waterfall has been "Angel Falls" for most of the twentieth century, named after Jimmie Angel, a
US aviator who was the first to fly over the falls in a plane. The common Spanish name "Salto Ángel"
derives from his surname. In 2009, President Hugo Chávez announced his intention to change the name to
the original indigenous Pemon term ("Kerepakupai Vená", meaning "waterfall of the deepest place"), on the
grounds that the nation's most famous landmark should bear an indigenous name. Explaining the name
change, Chávez was reported to have said, "This is ours, long before Angel ever arrived there… this is
indigenous property."However, he later said that he will not decree the change of name, but only was
defending the use of Kerepakupai Vená.

Angel Falls is one of Venezuela's top tourist attractions, though a trip to the falls is a complicated
affair. The falls are located in an isolated jungle, and a flight from Puerto Ordaz or Ciudad Bolívar is
required to reach Canaima camp, the starting point for river trips to the base of the falls. River trips
generally take place from June to December, when the rivers are deep enough for the wooden curiaras
used by the Pemon guides. During the dry season (December to March) there is less water seen than in
the other months (This can be clearly seen in the photos of the falls above)

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Licdo. Jean Carlos Herrera ITELCA
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Licdo. Jean Carlos Herrera ITELCA