PMC

COMMERCIAL AND fNDUSTR!Al BUlLOtWQ

1. General layout plan for each floor drawn to scale not less than --,_ _ _ _ ' in he@vylines the equipment
with super imposed building outline in light or suppressed lines.
A. 1:400 B. 1: 200 C.1:300 D.1:500 8
2. Dimensions such as machines as locomotives and large electrical apparatus are given exoiusively in.
A. m B. em C. mm . D. inches . C
3. The maximum number of persons working or will be Vlort<ing shall not exceed one person per __- - m·.
A. 10 B. 12 c. 14 D. B
4. Working rooms shall be at ieast mm in height from floor to ceiling.
A.S,OOO B. 3200 C. 3,400 D, 4,000 A
5. In the case of concrete stairs, it should have a rough finish and for steel stairs, checkered plate or standard
metals and _ _ _ shall be used.
A. non slip strip B. wire strip C. strip. '.. D. smooth concrete. A
6. Standard railing shall be at least ___ mm from th(uppersurfaceof the"top raiito floor leve!.
A. .750 .... B. 850~>. c. 1000 .D. 1200 C
. 7.Siaiidatd taillligs:shaUhave'posts not more than mm apart.
',1\:'909" . B. 2000· C. 3000 D. 1000 B
8. !foiilioiird~shall be at leas! mm in height.
A.
t······ ~c;b mm B. 'i70--;n;:n- C. 180 mm D. 150 mm D
9. All stairs, platforms, and landings shall be of sufficient strength to sustain safely" live load of not less than
500 kg with factor of safety of _~-::::
A.2 B.3 C.4 Q5 C
For pipe railings: Top rails and post of metal pipe of a! least 30 mm in diameter. i

Toe boards sh~1I be securely fastened in place with not more than 6 mm clearance above the floor I~vel.
Brackets shall be spaced not more than 2000 mm apart and. shall be of sufficient strength.

The pi,ch of-service stairs shall not be more than 60' and the width ofthreads shall not be less than 150 mm.

~'ACHINE FOUNDATIONS

10. All heavymaci1inery should be supported on of sufficient mass and base area to prevent or
minimize the transmission of vibrations. t

A. steel foundations B. solid foundations C. wooden foundations D. soil foundations I

11. Foundations mess should be from times the weight of the machinery it is supposed to support.
. A. 3 to 5 B. 4 to 6 C. 5 to 7 D. 1 to 2 . "
12. if the unbalanced inertia forces produced by the machine cen be calculated, a mass weight equal to
___ limes the forces should be used to dampen vibration. III!ll
A. 2 to 4 B. 5 to 6 C. 10 to 20 D. 10 to 15 lIl'
13. For stability, the total combined engine, driven eqUipment, and foundation centsr of gravity must be kept
_ _ the foundation's top.
A. above B. below C. 1 m D. none of these
14. The machine foundation must have a factor of safety of::-___.
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 I
15. Foundations should be isolated from floor slabs or building footings at least _ _ mm around
its perimeter to eliminate transmission of vibration.
A. 20 B. 25 C. 30 D. 35
16. Foundations are preferably built of concrete in the proportion of .
_ A. 1:2:.3· B. 1:3:3 C. 1:2:5 . D. 12".4 . f·.
17. I he machine should not be placed on the foundation until? days have elapsed or operated until another
_ days have passed.
A.S . B.7 c. 8 D. 10
fa. Concrete foundations should have· steel bar reinforcements piaced both vertica!!y and horlzontaBy,
" to avoid

A. damaging B. thermal cracking C. superheating D. superposing ,

19, The weight of reinforced steer in a foundation should be from _ _ Of the weight of the foundation.
A. 1(2% to 1% 8. 1~t~2:o ,C. ?~:Otv3%. D. ';,3%1..04,%, . ' .. .w. ," "
20. Foundation bolts of SpeCiH6Q Size snOUtCi 06 ;"iSSO. anQ SL;.rrounQeo: by a pIpe sleeve With an mS!Qe QI:1Z:?1ets;
of et least . times the diameter of the anchor boli.
A. 1 - - B.2 C. 3 D. 4
21. Foundation bofts length shOuld 06: S! tesst _ _ t1:ne~ tr,e (H@mster of the dnchor bolt.
A, i2 8. iL!, C. 16 Q .. 'is
22. No foundation bolts shaH be less than __ mm diameter
A 10 8. 12 ·C. 14 D. 16

~=a...y)~~
•
!t~, Mt\ch,II~e. ..,~o""id ?e. levele:/.by 4rhll~ we:JgeJ,'.j-he ~"'e ~ kCl~ UJI'lC
. p.~t.iQtJ..J&[,:rc. '1k ~J "'r~. ' .
A. hose and water 6. try square C. spirit level D. level hose I"
24. Grouting all spaces under the machine bed with a thin mixture of one part cement and _ _ part sand.
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 . D. 4 a
25. For foundation of stacks, the maximum pressure on the soil is __ to the pressure que io th1\"weight and
the wind movement.
A. more than 8. less than C, equal D. none of the ab,)ve "
26. Guyed stacks seldom exceed 1.83 m diameter and __ m high.
A. 32.45 8. 36.34 C. 43.23 D. 30.48 I
27. The angle between ihe siacks and the guy wire is usually __ degrees.
A. 45 B. 60 C. 75 D. 90 ,
28. The angle between wires in a set is __ degrees for a set of three. Iio
A. 90 B. 100 C. 110 D. 120 ~
29. The m,rimum unit pressure of turbine and generator on the reinforced concrete should not exceed __
kg/cm. A. 17.62 B. 15.34 C. 19.34 D. 2.1.34 I .
30. For steam turbine foundations the concrete mixture should be '
A 1:2:3 B. 1:2:4 C, 1:3:5 D. 1:2:2 ' I
31. The steam turbine foundation should be designed to support the machine load plus _ _ for impact,
condenser load, floor loads and dead loads.
A. 10% B. 15% C. 25% D. 50% III
32. !='::!r ~less! engl;,es fClundation the concrete mixture must be !:2:4, and the broken stone or gravel must
have a size of _ _ mm maximum.
A.~ B~ C.W D.W I
33. In pouring a concrete mixture for foundation of diesel engine, it should be poured time
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 - fl'
34. After pouring the foundation of diesel engine, the tops should be covered and wet down twice daily until the
forms are removed at the end of __ day.
A. third or fourth B. second or thirdC. fourth or.fifth D. none of these. ,
35. The diesel engine should not be place on the foundation until 10 days have elapsed, nor operated until
after another __ days.
A. 7 B. 8 C.9 D. 10 I
36. The safe soil bearing pressure of diesel engine foundalions is ..
A. 4,600 kg/cm' B. 4,890 kg/em . C. 5,633 kg/cm2 D. 2000 kg/cm' ,
37. The foundation depth may be taken as a good practical rule, to be _ _ times the engine stroke. .
A 2.3 to 4.5 B. 3.2 to 4.2 C. 3.2 to 5.2 D. 5.2 to 6.2 ' ,
38. Anchor bolts should be embedded in concrete of at least ___ times the bolt diameter.
A. 10 8. 20 C. 30 D. 40 "

PRIME MOVERS. POWER TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT. MACH!NES flJIlD MACH!Ne:

PARTS

1. Belt shifter - a device for mechanically shifting belts from light to loose pulleys or vice versa.

2. Electric motors - normally a prime mover utilizing magnetic energy from flowing electric currents to produce
meChanical energy.

3. Flywheel - a heavy wheel which by its inertia assists in securing uniform motion of machinery by resisting
sudden change in speed. I

4. MaChine": the driven unii, appliance or equipment as distinguished from the driving unit.

5. Pneumatic motor - a type of prime mover utilizing the potential energy from compressed gases such as air,
nitrogen etc.

.e. Prime mover - an engine or motor operated by steam, gas, air, electricity, fuel, ffuids in motion.

7. Tail rod - the extension of piston rod passing through a stuffing box in the outside head of an engine
cylinder.

8. TUibii"lw - a prime mover conSisting of fixed and moving blades or vanes which direGt and harness energy
from flowing fluids and converts it to mechanical energy.

GUARDS

9. Disc guards shaH consists of a sheet metal no less than O.SO miT! (gauge #22 US staildard}

10. Where the guard or enclosure is within 100 mm from the moving parts, openings on the guard shall of suCh
size as wi/! pr~vent passage of any object greater than 1;2 mm ih diameter.
1,\" ~~jvtr.~ !J~~~",,~~ ,~£-"~:~t,,\'I;?,.J~~,~,, 3Ro.\WIm,~,~,i;'&~VV< OK
~. $tJO '-v1Yy\ ~W\ d>vu& I1v4)V\ ~ 'P"'-I'-'ts . ,
12. Where machine parts must be lubricated while in motion the luoricating devices shall be located at least
300 mm away from dangerous moving parts. .

13. Any exposed parts of a ftl~;;heel 2100 mm or less above working level shall be guarded.

14. Every jackbar should be equipped with hand top.

15. Machine flywheel having spokes (or parts equivalent to spokes) or projections, any part of which is 2100
mm or less above the floor shall be guarded. '

16. Screw conveyors 2100 mm or less above floor shall be completely covered.
, .
17. Each process machine driven by en individual prime movers shall be equipped with emergency stopping
devices.

18. Clutches, cut bff couplinlls or clutch pulleys, having projecting parts where any parts of such devices is
located or 2100 mm less above the floor shall be guarded.

19. f1.~y pe~ 0 e belt pu!!ey drive involving the use of that crowned or flanged pulleys, which is 2100 mm or
less above floor shall bo guarded. I

20. Every V-belt and pulley drive including V-belt and step-cone pulley drilles, any part of which is 2100 mm or
less above the floor shall be guarded.

21. If the boltom of the guard is within 100 mm of the floor or dupporting structure, the bottom 01 the guard
need not be enclosed.

22. The chains, sprocket and chain drive located with 2100 mm of the floor or other working level shall be
guarded.

23. Friction drives located 2100 mm above the floor shall be guarded.

POWER TRANSMISSION

24. The sheaves should be rotated at least two revolutions to seat the belt properly in the sheave grooves.

25. The grooves of the measuring sheaves should be machines and maintained to the. following tolerances:
pitch di~eter ±O.002 inch; groove angle ±o degrees, 20 minutes; and groove top width, ::i.:O.002 inch.

26. V-belts operate most effiCiently at speeds of about 23 meters per second.

27. Tolerance for chain length: New chains subjected to the standard measuring load are allowed an over-
length of 0.99 mm per meter (1/84 inch per foot).

28. The measuring load is the load in kilograms under which a chain should be measured for length. It is
equal to 125 x (Pitch)2 with minimum of 8,2 kg. .

29. Minimum ultimate tensile strength in pounds of Standard Series Single-strand chain equal to 12,500 x
(Pitch), for multiple strend chain ,
 1. Danaer zone - an area or place near or at the point of operation where personnei or materials Gther than
·those in process in (he machine may coma in contact. .
2. Doctor feeds - a device employed (o.keep feed and stock rolls clean and assist in feeding stock into the in
running or feed rolls on the machine. . .
3. Drop hammer - " heavy metal cylinder or hammer wh·,ch is raised a practicable height and dropped so that
.the.force or energy of the blow is developed entirely from gravity.
4. Plate shear machine capable of shearing stoci!.: more than 5 mm thick.
5, Point of operation - the portions or areas of machine in which mechanical operations on the stock or
materials are performed.
6. Power press - motor-driven machines fitted rams or dies for purposes 01 blanking, trimming, drawing,
punching, stamping, forming or assembling materials.
7. Pull-out Protective device mechanically operated device attached to operator's hands, wrist or arms which
withdrawn operator's hands from the danger zone as ths ram descends. .
8. Ram - the reciprocating machine part within cylinder.
9. Sweep guards - a mechanically operated guard that sweeps the hands of the operator out of tM
descending ram.·
10. Automatic feed - a feed of such character that the services of an operator are not required except at
intervals to restock the feeding device or magazine,
11. Circular metal~uttino sa\1! - there shall be a provided fixed or manually adjustable hood or guard when the
space between the bottom of the guard and the material being cut exceeds 10 mm.
12. Alligator Shears (Class Bl - The clearance from the moving jaw to the guard shall not be over 76 mm.
13. Tumbling barreis shall be completely enclosed or guarded by movable rails guards.
14. Prop hammers shall be equipped with safety stops.
15. Any open holding furnace, which measures le.ss than 750 mm from the floor or working level to the furnace
top shall be guarded.
16. Circular Rip saw - the hood may be a fixed or manually adjusted hood or guard provided the space
between the bottom of the guard and the stock does exceed 12.70 mm.
17. Self-feed Circular-Ripsaw - The hood or guard need not rest upon the table nor upon the stock, but shall
not extend to within 12.70 mm of the stock being worked ..
18. The feed rolls or star wheels shall be enclosed with a cover coming down to within 12.70 mm olthe stock.
19. Circular Crosscut saw - the hood or guard may be a fixed of manually adjusted provided !~e space
between the bottom oftha guard and the stock does not exceed 12.70 mm.
20. Any band saw found to have developed a crack whose length is greater than one-tenth (1110) the width of
the band.
21. The peripheral speed of ciryular saws shall not exceed 3600 m/min unless the saw has been manufactured
or hammered for a higher speed and is so marked.
22. Each extractor shall be equipped wittl a metal cover 8t leas! 0.953 "lin ttlicll.
n
23. "Safe-type dies shat! be used throughout shall be at least 75 mm in height and provided with safety
grooves offlange. I
24. Pressure bottling machines shall be provided with an enclosure made of shElet metal not less than 1.27 mm
thick.
25. Pug mills - a substantial grating with openings no greater than 100 mm.
26. Pug mills - A cover prOjecting 100 mm on all sides which my be raised no more than 200 mm above the
machine or floor.
27. V-belt drives within standard railing enclosures shall have the pulleys guarded.
28. Chains and sprockets within 2130 mm of the floor or working level shall be guarded.
29. Power drives - drives between gin strands shall be guarded where individual pulley guards are used the
guards must sJ,.1end 100 mm beyond periphery of the pulleys.
30. Conveyors - Such guards may consist of horizontal bars spaced to allow material to be fed into t~e
conveyor and supported by arches which shall be not more than 2440 mm apart.
31. Screw conveyors located 2400 mm or less above floor or other working level shall be completely covered.

CRANES AND OTHER HOISTING EQU!PMENT

1. Boom - a timber or'meta! section or strut which is pivoted or hinged at the heel (iower end) at a fixed point
on the frame, mast, or vertical member.
2. Bridge - structural member or members supporting one or more troneys.
3. Buffer - a cushioning devices at the ends of the trolley, bridge, or other moving part af a cra.ne.
4. Bumper - a device \!vhich stops the moving part at the limit of travel of a trol!6-Y: b~idge.
5. Cab - an enclosure for housing the operator and the hOisting 111echanism, pcr\",ter piant, 8:~:::' eqL'iprr:e~t
control!ing a crane. .
6. Cage- - an enclOSure for housing the operator and equipment c::mt,oHing z crane.
7. Crane - Q mBchirl0 for ~ifting or towering a ~oad and moving it horizontaJly, in which the hOisting mechanism
is an integral part of the machine.
S. Crawier crane - a boom-type mobiie crane mounted on endiess tracks or treads belt.
. 9. Gantry crane - a crane simHar to an overhead traveling, except that the bridge for carrying trolley.
 10. Hammerhead crane - a. rotating counterbafanced cantilever equipped with one or more trolleys.
11. Jib crane - a fixed crane consisting of a supported vertical member from which extends a horizontal
swinging arms carrying trolleys.
12. Locomotive crane - a bODm type mobile crane consisting of a self-propelled car operating on a railroad
track.
13. Overhead traveling crane - a crane on a pair of parallel elevated runways, adapted to lift and lower a load.
14. Pillar crane - a fixed crane consisting of a vertical member held at the base, 'A~th horizontal revolving arm
carrying a trolley.
15. Derrick - a structure or building appurtenance hOisting, but does not include a hoistway nor a car platform
traveling through guides.
16. Brake - Each electric crane hoist motor shall be provided with an electrically or mechanically operated
brake. This brake shall have sufficient holding torque to susiain not less than one and one-half (1 'h) times
the rated load.
17. Each independent hoisting unit shall equipped with two breaking means except for worm geared hoist.
18. Each ingot pouring crane shail be provided with two (2) brakes each of which shall have sufficient torque to
sustain one and one-half (1 'h) times the rated load.
19. A locking device capable of withstanding 50 percent more than the maximum rated load shall'be provided
on each hand.
20. On cage operated cranes with the cage mounted directly on the bridge girders, a foot brake to properly
retard and stop the motion.

2i. Brakes Tor retarding the mOlion of the bridge shaH be capable of retarding nat the rate of 305 mm/min,
while full load is being carried. I

22. Runway bumpers - if the bumpers engaged the tread of the wheel they shall be of height at leas! <equal to
the radius of the wheel.
23. Truck Fender. - the clearance between the guard and the rail shall be such as will afford maximum
protection against crushing injuries. Wherever practicable 12.70 mm clearance shall be maintained.

24. Rails - all traveling cranes the supporting trucks or wheels of wt",ch travel rails on the ground shall have at
least 600 mm clearance between the crane and stationary structures.

25. Guyed derricks should have at least six guys.

26. Wire ropes running hoisting machine to derrick shall be guard if within 2,135 mm above the floor fl~,tform.

27. Sheave Nip·Points - All nip or contact paints between ropes and sheaves which are permanently 10GG'ted
within 2,135 mm from Ihe floor or working platform shall be guarded.

28. ONE-HAND SIGNALS:

a. Hoist. With forearm vertical, forefinger pOint, move hand in smali horizontal circle.
b. lower. Arm extended, palm down, hold position rigidly.
c. Stop. Arm eh'iended, palm down, hold position rigidly.
d. Emergency stop. Same as ©, but move hand rapidly, right and lefL
e. Raise boom. Arm extended, fingers closed, thumb pointing upward move hand up and down.
f. Lower boom. Same as (e), but with the thumb pointing down.
g. Swing boom. Arm extended, point with finger in direction of motion.
h. Bridge travel. Arm extended, hand open and slightly raised wave forearm in direction of travel, while facin,;;
in that direction.
i. Rock or Trolley triilvel. Palm upward, finger closed, thumb painting in direction of motion, jerk and
horizontally.

29. TWO-HAND SIGNALS:

a. Hoist. Hold both arms horizontally at sides, fully extend and move upward and retum.
b. lower. Hold both arms horizontally at sides, fully extend and mova out and return.
o. Stop. Hold both arm horizontal at sides, fully extend. Same as (e) without motion.
d. Move slowly. Same as (a) or (b), but with other hand held near (behind or
e. Raise boom and lower load. Use (e) and (b) together.
f. Lower boom and ralse load. Use (1) and (a) together.
9. Dog off load and boom. Clasp. finger of one hand with fingers of other, palm facing ea~h other.

30. Whistle Signals:' , .

2. Hoist. Two short blasts. '3 " '>-To'P IPoomiV01 OV\e- ""lAovl b,\~s.
b. Lower. Three shori bias,s.
- s'·_- __ -"-~ " ' - - '
r'
\!\ . '0W.\VIO.
I . ~ . t' . , W
I?OOI'Y' -ro h.Ck\
l I I
. O"~ rv-o.. o.VlO\ -<'\..llO
\.<.~u ..... n
VIle ::'kIUI~ u,a;:;,c. J l) V~ 'u I'

d. ~mergencY step. Seriesof short blasts. "v S.\i-II"""- -To 1:;~1

\)tlQIM \' t\ I \ ~\'e..e
e. Ka!Se CDcm. Four snOrt blasts. _ r A__ 0 ~.' ~- , _\. ~
f. Lower boom. Five short blasls. 0' . YTBr su,:>, ~ 'j ~ IV' ,0 V\e.. ~ VT
31. Mechanically and electrically operated brakes shall be inspected periodically.
32. Annunciator - an electrical signaling device in the car which may visually or audibly indiC<]te or call
attention to such information as floor level. :
33. Control- the system goveming the starting, stopping, direction of motion, acceleration speed, and
retardation of the moving number.
34. Controller - a device or group of devices which serves to control in 'some predetermined manner the
apparatus to which it is connected.
35. Dumbwaiter - a hoisting and lowering mechanism design to materials and other loads such as food,
laundry etc,
36. Elevator - a hOisting and lowering mechanism other than a dumbwaiter or freight elevator which is
designed to carry passenger.
37. EsCalator - a power~driven, inclined continuous stairway used for raising or lowering passenger
38. Landing zone - a zone extending from a point 457 mm below an elevator or material lift landing 10 a
point
457 mm above landing.
39. Transom - a panel or panels used to close a hoisiway enclosure opening above a hOistwayentrance.

ELECTRIC ELEVATOR
40. Partitions between fire-resistive hOistways and machine rooms having fire-resistive enclosures and which
~:,e b~tc: a~ z side of or beneath the hoistway, may be unperforated noncombustible material at least
equal to 1.52 mm sheet steel.
41. The fire resistance ratings of the entrances shall n·otbe less than 1 Y, hrs.
42. The fire resistance rating oftha hoistway opening protective essemblies other than elevator entrances
shall not be less than 1 Y, hr. _ '
43. The floor shall be capable sustaining a concentrateq load of 136 kg on any 2,580 mm area.
44. The sign shall be of metal with black letters and figures at least 100 mm high on a white background.
45. Hoistway for elevators outside building shall be substantially enclosed to the height of at least 3,000 mm.
46. Hoistway enclosures and hoistway doors and door assemblies shall be of fire-resistive construction of not
less than 1 hour fire resistance.
47. Where four or more elevators serve Qr the same portion of a building, they shal/be located i~ not iess than
two (2) hoistway.
48. Where the passage is over a sloping roof having slope exceeding 15 degrees from the horizontal.
49. Elevator machine rooms and machines spaces not located over h,oistway shall have clear headroom of not
less than 2130 mm.
50. The illumination shall not be less than 108 lux.
51. Flammable liquids having a flash point of less than 43.3'C shall not be kept in such rooms.
52. Elevator pits shall be water-proofed with at least 4.76 mm steel plate on all sides at a height pf not less
than 1.20 meters including the pit floor.
53. A permanent lighting fixture shall be provided in all pits, which shall provide an illumination of not less than
54 lux at the pit floor.
54. In elevators where access to the pit is through the lowest landing hoistway door a Jop switch shall be
located approximately 457 mm above the floor.
55. When the car rests on its fully compressed buffer, there shall be a vertical clearance of not less than 610
mm betwaen the pit floor and lowest structural part.
56. Spring buffers of their equivalent may be used where the rated speed is not in excess of 1.02 mls.
57. Factor of safety for Oil-Buff,,, parts
A. 3 for materials having an elongation of 20% or more in a length of 51 mm.
8. 3 % for materials having an elongation of from 15 to 20% in a length of 51 mm.
C. 4 for materials having an elongation of from 10 to 15% in a length of 51 mm.
D. 5 for materials having an elongation of less than 10% III a length 0151 mm.
58. Ratings of oil buffers, the total weight of the car as marked on the car crosshead data plate plus 68 kg.
59. The permissible range in viscosity of the buffer oi! to be used, stated in Saybolt second Universal at
37.8°C.
60. laminated fletforms may be used for passenger elevators having a rated load of 2,270 kg or less.
61. The eflclosure walls shall be of such strength and so deSigned "nd support that ",'hen SUbjected to a force
of 35 kg applied horizontally to any point on the wall.
62. The, emergency exit opening shall have an area of not less than 0.258 m2 , and shall measure not less than
406 mm on any side. .
63. Glass may be used in elevator cars. Glass exceeding 0,093 m2 in area.
64, Illumination of cars is not less than tNo lamps sheH provided.
65. Speed governors are not required for the operation of safeties,of counterweights having a rated speed of
not more than 0.76 m/s. .
6S. Speed governors for car safeties shaH be set to trip at car speeds at not tegs th~m lit-loyc ct the :8:ted
 5p!;'eo.
67. Material and factor of safety. Governor ropes shall be of iron, steel, monel metal, phosphor bronze, or of

,
stainless steel. They shall be regular-lay construction, and not less than 9.5 mm in diameter. Tiller rope
constru.etion shall not be used. The factor of safety of governor ropes shall be not less than 5 ..

68. Hospital Bed Elevators: Wherein the ratio between net area and the load shall not be more than 0.004
square meter per kilogram.
,
RATED LOAD OF PASSANGER ELEVATORS

69. All concrete or steel building with more than three (3) stories shall be advised to instailed passenger
elevators.

70. For determining number of elevators the following shall be used as a basis: ME BOARD
1. There shall be one elevator per 220 persons occupying buiding other than first floor.
2. By floor area, 9.3 m'o! floor area is average density of occupancy per person. 2010
3. Floor area divided by 9.3 equal number of persons. SPLBE-
4. Number of parsons divided by 220 is number of eievators.
RIYADH
71. Determining the elevator capacities: This is on the basis of carrying within 5 minule'i tile following
percentage of building occupants as follows:
'i. ror apalimenis 8 - 'i 0%
2. For Offices 10- 13%
3. For Department Stores 13 - 15%

72. The following formulas shall used for determining the maximum rated load of passen:per elevators:
1. For an elevator having a net inside net platform area of not more than 4.65 m .
=
W; 35.10(Af + 326.224 (A) Where: W max. rated toad, kg =
A area, m'
2. For an elevator having an inside net platform area of more than 4.65 m'.
W = 2.458A' + 611.36A -621.4
73. To allow for variations in cab designs, an increase in the maximum inside net platform aiS not ex('.eeding
5%, shall be permitted for the various rated loads.

CARRYING OF PASSANGERS ON FREIGHT ELEVATORS:

74. Freight elevators shall not be permitted to carry passengers.
75. Elevators not permitted to carry employees may, in case of fire, panic, or similar emergencies, carry
passengers not greater in number than the rated load divided by 150.
76. In the designed of the car frame, platform, sheaves, shafts: and ropes, the allowable stress may be 20% .
higher than those permitted for normal loading. The faclor of safety for locking device shall be "lot less
than 5.
77. The "Capacity Lifting One-Piece Load" of any passenger traetion elevator shall not exceed 1 1/3 times the
rated load of "levator.
7S. Additional passenger overload of elevators is 25% in excess of overload.

l\IIaterial ami Grooving for Sheaves ""d D r u m s . .

79. Have a pitch diameter of not tess than 40 times the diameter of the. rope, where used with suspension
ropes.
SO. Have a pitch diameter of nor less than 32 times the diameter of the rope, where the diameter of the rope,
where used with compensating ropes.
81. Factor of safety of Driving Machine and Sheaves
1. 8 .lor steel, bronze, or for other metals, having an elongation of at least 14% in a length of 51 mm.
2. 10 for cast iron, or for other metals having an elongation of less than 14% in a length of 51 mm.

SCREW MACHINES:
82. The rated speed shall not exceed 0.25 mis.
83. The driving means, whether belts or chains, shall have a factor of safety of not less than 10. I
84. The factor of safety of the screw as a column shall be not less than 3..
85. Screws shall be of steel and nuts shall be of bronze or other material having an elongation of at least 14%
in a length of 51 mm. .
86. Minimum number of hoisting ropes shall be three (3) fortra.ct1oh elevators and hve (2) fer drum type
elevators.
87. Drum type eievators shaH have not less than one (1) turn of the rope on the drum \Nher: the car (s :sstli',g
on the fully compressed buffers.
88. Suspension wire ropes shal! not be iengthened or repaired by splicing.
8S. Factor of safety of suspension \,vire ropes.
~ •• r.r
~ .;;. '" ,,<
r = ---
W
N = number of ropes under load. S = manufacture's rated break inC/ strength VV:, maximum static load
90. The minimum diameter of hoisting and counterweight ropes shall be 9.5 mITt
91. The tensile strength of the wire shall be:
1. 570 N/mm or 1770 N/mm forropes of single tensile.'
2. 1370 Nlmm for the outer wires and 1770 N/mm or the innsr wires of ropes of dual tensile ..
92. The ration between the pitCh diameter of sheaves and pulleys and the nominal diameter of the suspension
ropes shall deallsast 40, regardless of the number of strands.

RELIEF AND CHECK VALVES

93. The relief valve shall be located between the pump and the check valve.
94. The setting of relief valve shall be preset to open at a pressure not greater than 125% of working pressure.
94. Pipe lighter than Schedule 40 shall not be threaded.

ESCALATORS
95. Inclination angle for escalator shall be not more than 30 degrees, but not more than 35 degrees.
96. Balustrades shall be designed to reSist simultaneous applicatidn of a lateral force of 584 Nfln and vertical
load of 730 Nlin.
97. The clearance on either side of the steps between the step tread and the adjacent skirt panel shall not be
more than 4.8 mm.
98. Rated Load:

Strw::ture>! !'E!tsd !cllJd '" 41.6 W A

Where: W = width of the escalator, mm A = length of the horizontal projection of the entire truss, mm

MachilleryRatted load = 3.5 W 13

Where: B =1.32 x rise, m W =width 01 the escalator, mm

Brake rateclload = 4.6 W 8

Where: B= 1.732 xcise, m
99. Factor of safety is 8 for steel and 10 for cast iron. ME BOARD 2010-
100. The ratad speed shall not more than 0.64 mls. SPLBE RIYADH

BOILERS
BoUer or Steam generator - a closed vessel intended for used in heating water or for application of heat to
generate steam. !

TYPES OF BOILER

Unfired Pres"",'., ~"!ier - a vessel in which pressure is obtained from an external sources.

Power Boiler - a closed vessel in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pressure of more than 1.055
kg/em' gage by the direct application of heat.

Locomotive Boile, - a boiler mounted on a self-propelled track locomotive.

Portable Baile, - an internally fired boiler which is self contained and primarily intended for temporary
location.

2
Miniature BoUer - a boiler that has a maximum allowable worl,ing pressure of 7.03 kg/cm , 405 mm inside
diameter and 1,065 mm overall length.

Low Pressure ~6at~U'tQj BOf~ef - a. boiier operated at pressure not ex;~~ding 1.055 kg/cm2 gage. Steam water
temperature not exceeding 121'C.

M@cHum Pressure Hasting Soner a boiler operated 'at pressure not exceeding 103.5 Mpa gage steam, or
waier nor exceeding 1300C,

Hot Vt'ater Suppfv eoi~er - a boiler furnishing hot water to be used extem@Hy to ltseif.

g~cond Ha!nd Sc-E~e: - a bo;~e;- whi.:::h ~iJth :acation and ownership haVE: been changed after primary use.

Condemned Boiler - a boiler that has been inspected and declaied unsafe to operate.
SPECIFiCA nONS AND REOVJ:REll/!ENTS:

1, !n detached buildings of fire resistant construction used fer no other purpose and situated no; :ess th~n :3 Tn
fror!"! the blJik:H!"1g ~ot forrnir.g part of the fs~!or'J.

2. No part o'r the 3~eam generatoi should be closer than ~t$r from any \jljBIL

4. Steam generators should not be mounted over a suitable 'foundations or concrete pad of not less than 305
mID thick and factor of safety of not jess than 4.
5. 8nckworA.c should be provided with sufficient "expansion joints both vertically and hori:e:ontaHy to take care of
expansion at operating temperatura.

6. !nsulating cZI$tables is used for medium pressure boiler.

7. No steam boiler should be enclosed or walled-in without authorization and inspection by authorized
government ieprsssnt8ilva and who wiil conduct a hydrostatic test of 130% of stipulated wor!dog pressure.

8. When boilers are replaced or new boilers are installed in either existing or new buildings, a minimum height
of at least 2,130 mm shall be provided between the top of the boiler proper and ceiling.

9. Smokestacks should be sufficient capacity to handle "flue gases,. self-supporting or guyed to withstand a
wind load 1110 kph and rise at least 5,000 mm above the eaves of any building within a radius of~.

i o. No smokestack should be closer than 305 mm from any exposed woodwork or framing.

11. Where two or more steam boilers will be connectectin parallsl each steam outlet should be provided with ;L
non-return and a shut off valve.

12. A steel catwalk or platform at leas! 45S mm wide and provide with standard hand rails.

,.,.
13. maXimum aIIowabl e wark·Ing pressure : ; : TS . t. E
R.FS
where: TS = ultimate strength t = thickness of shell plate' E = efficiency of longitudinal joint
R = inside radius FS = factor of safety = 5 for new construction

14. For fUSion welding, E shall be taken as equal to 90%.

15. When the tensile strength of steel or wrought shell plates is nct known, it shalf be taken as 379.31 M"afor
steel and 310,04 Mpa for wrought iron.

16. For horizontal tubular boiler having continuous lap seams more than J,SS!) mm in length where the factor
of safety is ~.

17. Reinstalled or second-hand boilers shall have a minimum facter of safety of §.

I
18. The age limit of horizontal return tubular, operating at a pressure of 0.345 Mpa is 30 years.

19. The use of weighted-lever safely vaI1l". shall be prohibited and direct spring loaded pop
tvpevalve. shall replace these valves.

20. Safety valves having either the sea! or disc of cast iron shall not be used.

21. Each boiler shaH have at least one safety valve and if it has more than 46.5 rn 2 of wj9ter heating surface or
the generaiing capacity exceeds 910 kMlhr, it shaH have two (2) or m~re safety valves.

22. No valve of any description shall be placed between the safely v~lve and Ill" boHer.

23. Sa/ely valve capeclty of each boiler shall be such that the safety valve or valves will dischaige all the
steam that can be generated by Ihe boiler without allowing the pressure to rise more Ihan 6% above Ihe
high""" pressure to which the valve is set.

24. One or. more safety valves on every boiler shall be set at or below the maximum allowable working
pressure. The remaining-valves may be set within 310 § percent above the maximum aliowabl$ working
pressure, butthe highest setting shall no! exceed 10% of the highest pressure to which any valve is set.
 ,
25. A boiler having more than 4S.5 m2 of water heating surface shall be at least hvo rn~ail1$ 01 i~'$dln9-

26. The feed piping IO 11113 boH~r shari b~ pfGvi;lad with t'fJO f:hecx 'Jal'/e near the boiler -snd a v~h{~
ne;;:r the pump.

27, \tVhere daen~tjng Maaters are not ;amployed, H is recommended that the temperature of the feed wets!" be
not 19$$ than 102"C. .' ,

28. vVhera deaeratlng heaters ars employed, it is recommended that the temperature of the feed waier be not
Isss than 197"C.

29, Each boiler shall have at ieest three or more gage cocks, located en the same horizontal line and not less
than 61 () rum "part.

3~. For all installations where tho;> water gage glass or glasses are mo'e than SOO!) mm ircm the boiler
operating floor. '

3;. Each steam DoBer shaii have steam gage, with diai range not iess than one-and one..naif (1 Yjl) times and
not more than twice the maximum allowable pressure.

32. When a steam gage connection longer than 2,440 mm becomes necessary, a shut off valve may be used
provided the boiler is of the outside screw and yoke type and is locked open.

33. Each boiler shall be provided with 6.35 mm nipple and glove valve connected to the steam space for the
exclusive purpose.

34. Each steam outlet from a boiler shall be fitted with a slop valve located as close as practicable to the
boiler.

36. When feeding hot water, feed pump should at least be 122() mm below hoe well to prevent "ap<" loc~
35. When boilers provided with manholes are connected to a common steam lines, the steam connection from
each boiler shall be fitted with two slop valves.

36. Each boiler shall have a blow-off pipe, fitted with a valve or cock, in direct connection with the lowest
water spac:Ei. Cocks shaH be of the giiJ:llfid ·or guard type and s.uitable fOi pressure aiiowed. The use of
glove valve shall not be permitted. When the maximum allowable working pressure exceeds 7.00
kglemz 9age.

37. All fillings between the boiler and blow-off valve shall be steel or extra mea'!" filth"9" or malleable iron.

38. Each existing boiler shall be identified by a $erial Number.

39. In a written notice to the owner or user that the necessary work must be completed within s',«51 months
from the date of notification.

40 .. Each miniature boiler shall be equipped with a sealed, spring-loaded pop type safety valve not less than
12.7 mm pipe size.

41. Each miniature boiler shall be equipped with wate. gag" glass for the determination of~
level.
42. The lowest permissible water level shall be at a point ons-third 11m of the height of the shell.

43. For small boilers where there is insufficient soaca for the usual type of gage glass, water level indicators of
the glass bull'" aya Wo" may be used.

44. Each minialure boiler shall be fitted with a feedwater connection which shall not be less than 12.7 mm iron
pipe siza.

45. Each miniature bailer shall be provided with a biow..off connection, not less than 12.7 rom iron SIze, in
direct connection with water space.

46. Slow-off piping shall not be galvanized and shaH be provided with a valve or a cock.

47. Each gas-fired boiler shall be equipped with a 100 mm w!lnt pipe or flue extended to an approved location
outside the building or connected to chimney f l u e . '

48. iJVhere the hori2c~tal run Is more than 3J}SO mm the vent shaH be increased to 152 mm.
49. The maximum allowable working pressure of a non..code steel-or wrought iron heating boiler of welded.
construction shall not exceed ~. '

50. Each steam heating boiler $ha!! be provided with Or!6 or mor-e safsty valves with a total area of not less
ih~Tl :lES,d m'.!..

51. ih$ ~5aq'St'! '::fa3Ye may be lccatad on a main steam pipe'connection of the boilei.

53. The ~Hef "I,~lv3 i1Sr-..a1! be set to ieHeve t;:lt or below m.a-"(imum ailcwabie working presst.:rs of !hs ccil~r and
$0 arranged that they cannot be feset to relieve at a -higher pressure of the boiler.

54. Each rellel valvs shall have a substantial device which will positively lift the disc from its seat at least .1A..
mm. when there is no pressure on the boiler.
55. The range of steam gage shall no! be less th"n 1.0 bar nor more tha" 2.0 bar.

56. Each steam bOiler shalf have at least Qne water gage glass.

57. Each steam boiler shall have two or more 9age cocks located within the visible length of the water.

58. If a boiler may be closed off from the heating system by closing a steam 510" valve, there shall be a
cllecl< valve in the rondensate return pipe from that part of the system.

59. There should be a stop valve and check valve in the leedwater line at the boiler.
I
60. Each condensate return pump where practicable shall be provided with an automatic water level control
set to maintain the water level within the limits of two gage cocks.

61. lRuoture discs or safety heads may be used for additional protection of pressure- vessel.

62. All boilers and unfired pressure vessels, whether locally manufactured or manufactured outside the
country, shall undergo Hydroslatic]est before installation.

63. Inspector employed for boiler shall be licensed Meohanical Enqirusers lor boilers below 350 ljIp and
iProfession\a8 Mechanica~ Engineers for boilers 350 np and above.

64. Where soot blowers are installed, they should be operated before reducing the boiler load to 50% of
normal rat~nq.

65. Most jurisdiction required that all power boilers should be given one internal and external
inspections per year.

66. Some older boilers 01 both rlf.tuba and watertube have l'!!§ible plugs.

67. Fusible plug should be refill with new metal.

68. Safely 'fal"" i~ the most is the most important safety device on the power boiler.

69. Hydrostatic les! is made when there is a question or doubt the extent of a defect in a boiler.

70. Hydrostatic test pressure should not exceed 18112 t;mes the ma;dmum a!!owabie working Ipressure.

71. During hydrostatiC test, the safely valves should b~ removed.

72. It is suggested that the minimum temperature of the wat~r be 70°F and a ma~;mum of 120°F.

73. A daily log for scheduling and recording work performed -and maintenance, test~ng. andan9roec~jcn is
recommended. ' ,
,
74. For new generation Boilers where hydrostatic testing at 1.5 times ma:\{imum allowable plres$u!I"e,

75. HydrostatiC lesting shall be conducted at teast every 5 years ..

76. All automatically-fired stsam or vapor bailers, excepting boilers a constant attendant who has no other
duties Vtlhi!e the boilers is in operatlon, shall be except with law Water Fuel Cut..off.
77. Slow-off pipklg from a power boiler or miniature shall not dlscharge directly to the sewer. ,4 b!DW..off
tank shall be used.

1 , Ton or refrigeration:
'= 2:!B,CCC 3'i.i;/24 hrs ::: 'j2,OOO BtUlhr = 12,600 KJ/hr = 3.516 KVV

2. The temperatura and humidity of the air to be used for comfort cooling shaH be maintained at 1Do 24°C
m

effective temperature at air movement of from OAj1S2 to 0.121 meter Dei"'$;9C within the Jiving zone and 50
to 50% ralatlve humidity.

3. The air movement in such occupied spaces shall have a velocity of not more than 0.254 mfs as the air
enters a zone or 1.830 mm above the floor.

4. The carbon dioxide concantration when measured 910 mrn above the floor shaJi not exceed 1000 ppm
(!parts per million)

5. The quantity of outdoor air required to control body odors satisfnctorily docraasos as the volume space per
occupant jncr;asses.

6. Refrigerant Classification:
GROUP I
Carbon Dioxide .CO,
Dichlorodifluoromelhane R-12 CCI,F,
Dichloromonofluoromethane R-22 CHCL,F,
Diehlorotetra fluoromethane R-114 . C,CL,F4
Dichloromethane Carrene Ch,CL,
Trichloromonofluoromelhane R·11 CCL3F
GROUP II
Ammonia NH3
Dichloroethylene C,H,CI,
Ethyl Chloride CH3 CI
Methyl Formate HCOOCH,
Sulfur Dioxide SO,
GROUP III
Butane C4 H10
Ethane C, H,.
Isobutane CH
Propane C,H.
7. No refrigerating systems shall be installed in any room except Unit Systems each containing not more than
4.55 kg of GrollP 1 refrigerant.
8. Systems each containing not more than I} kg of Group I refrigerant may be installed in kitchens, laboratories
and mortuaries.
9. Systems each containing more than 9.10 kg group f refrigerant shall be of the ,indir~cl t'r?".
10. Group 1 refrigerant excepting Carbon Dioxide. no flame is present or apparatus to produce fl~iJ1e is
installed.
11. Group 2 refrigerants shall not be used except in Un~ Systems containing not more than 2.721<9 except in
systems containing not more than 227.30 kg.
12. Group 2 refrigerants shall not be used in a system for aircondifioning for human comfort.
13. Group 3 refrigerant shall not be used in public ass3mblv occupancies.
14. In no case shall clearance from metal ducts to adjacant combustible materials be less then liSe mm and to
combustible construction, including plaster of wood lath, it shall not be less than 13 mm.
15. Liquid adhesive coatings usooon air filters shall have a flash point notlowerthan 117"C air filt~ring shall
have a minimum rating of 60% filtering efficiency and higher efficiency for spaciel Cipplicaiions.
16. Filters shall be sized to provide not less than 0.083' m' of total face area per 142 Ips of air.
17. Sound level shall not be higher than 45 decibels for fum/sileo rooms and 50 decibels for u,,"'um'shed
room.
18. Cold storage keeping of all articles of food at a temperature, not to exceed -soC, above coe in a cold
storage warehouse.
19. Slop valve shall be installed on all system containing 45.45 ka or mora of refrigerant.
20. Refrigerant piping crossing an open space which affords passageway in any buiiding shall not be less than
2,290 mm above the floor unless against the ceiling of such space. .
21. Compressors operating above 103.35 kpa gauge and having"a displacement axceeding 2.83 m3 per minute
shall be equipped with ralief valve.
22. The rated discharge capacity of a pressure -relief valve, expressed kg/s shall be One4ifth (1#5) .of it.s
discharoe capacity. ,
23. Pressure setting test of relief valve shaH function at a pressure not more than 10% abO'i'3 the :oreSlSur-:e
mari<sd.
24. The shaH be subst~!l!!e!ly constructed of the !er1k sheH be greater than ons hiilJf {1J~j Ih~ he!gnt
25. Stop valves shaH be instaiied on all systems cont:aining !T1Qf~ th~0 9Jj'1 ~Q 0lJt !ess than 4©,4{S ~'{g of
rafrlgerant.
26. Pressure limiting devices are required on all systems containing more than ~.OS l<a. of refrigerant.
2.7. Pressure limiting dsvlces shall stop !!:1e ection of cCrY':pressor at a prBssure lass than tlO per-c~n! of the
pressure relief valve setting.
28. Pr·es:sure ~hn!tjrng devi>;~$ shall be connected betwe~n the compressor and stop valv€! on the dlscharge
side.
29. Any evaporator located in an air duct of an air conditioning system for human comfort shall be constructed
to withstand without leakage a temperature of ~3aoC ..
30. Not more than 13S kg of refrigerant in approved containers shaH us stored in a machinery
room.
31. When refrigerant is added to a system a unit system containing not more than 2.73 kg or refrigerant it shall
be charged into the low I"assure silie.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

1. Class A Fire - Fire involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber and plastics.
2. Class B fire - Fire in flammable liquids and gases.
3. Class C Fire - Fire involving energized electrical equipment.
4. Class D Fire - Fire involving combustible metals, such as magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium and
other similar m e t a l s . '
5. Dry stand pipe - a type of standpipe system in which the pipes are not normally filled with water.
6. Fire service - an organization or component of the Philippine National Police Fire Departinent personnel.

7. Occupant Load - the maximum number of persons that may be allowed to occupy a particular building.

8. Sprinkler System - is an integrated system one or more water supplies for fire us, underground and
overhead piping designed in accordance with fire protection engineering standards.

9. Firewall construction shall have a parapet at least 910 mm above the building roof.

NATURAL VENTILATION

10. Where a vestibule is provided, the door-way into the vestibula shall be protected with an approved fire
door assembly having a 1 'h hour fire protection rating.

11. Every vestibule shall have a minimum area of 16 sq. It (1.5 sq. m) of opening in an exterior court, yard or
public space at least 20 It (6.1 m) in width.

12. Every vestibule shall have a minimum dimension not less than the required width of the corridor leading to
it and a minimum dimension of 72 in, in the direction of travel.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

13. Classification of Sprinkler Systom

A Wet pipe syslem - a syslem employing aulomalic sprinklers attachad to a piping system containing
water and connected to a water supply.
8. Deluge system - a systems employing open sprinklers altached to a piping system connected to a
water supply.

14. Sprinkler Waler supplies:

1. Gravity tanlls 2. Pumps 3. pressure tanks 4. Fire department connections

15. All valve on connections to water supplies in supply pipes to sprinkler,s shall be listed indb3ting vaives and
shall be 12.05 Bar cold water OJ B.S Bar saturated steam pressure rating. .

SpaCing, Location and Position of Sprinklers

16. The maximum floor area to be protected by sprinlders is 4,830 m2 for Light hazard.
17. The maximum flcor area to be protected by sprinklers is 4,830 m>
for Qrdins"; hazard.
18. The maximum floor area to be protected by sprinklers is 2,32q m2 for Exira hazard.

19. Schedule of light hazard Occupancjes:

 Pipe size No. of Sprink!e~s
25mm 2 sprinklers
30mm .3 sprinklers
38mm 5 sprinklers
50mm '10 sprinklers
85mm 30 $prlnk!ers
75mm SO 'lprinklers
90mm 100 sprinklers

20. Branch Lines shall not exceed 8 sprinklers' on slii"ler side ofa cross main,

21. Schedule of Ordinary hazard Occupancies:

Pipe size No. of Sprinkfers
25 mm 2 sprinklers
30 mm 3 sprinklers
40 mm 5 sprinklers
50 mm 10 sprinklers
65 mm 20 sprinklers
75 mm 40 sprinklers
100 mm 100 sprinklers
125mm 165 sprinklers
150mm 275 sprinklers

22. Schedule of Extra hazard Occupancies:

Pipe size No. of Sprinklers
25 mm 1 sprinklers
30 mm 2 sprinklers
38 mm 5 sprinklers
50 mm 8 sprinklers
65 mm 15 sprinklers
75 mm 27 sprinklers
100 mm 55 sprinklers
150 mm 150 sprinklers

23. Internal fire hose in Cabinet or in hose Reels, 38 mm hose used for fire purposes may be connected to wet
sprinkler system.
24. Hose stations supply shall not be connected to any pipe smaller than 65 mm.
25. Piping shall be least 25 mm lor vertical runs. I
26, Fire Pumps shall have rated capacities in LPM or larger, and are rated at net pressure of 2. 75 B~rs.
27. There are two types of standard fire pump use lor the protection service, the centrifugal pump and the
vertical turbine pump.
28. Minimum water supply for Class I and class til service shall be 1,893 Lpm for 30 minutes.
29. Minimum water supply for Class II service shall be 380 Lpm for 30 minutes.
30. Fire Code of the Philippines, which is the Presidenlial Decree No. 1185.
31. Fire extinguisher shOuld be installed so that the top is not more than 1,500 mm above the flcor.

PUMPS
1. A shut off valve fallowed by a check valve shall be placed between the suction of pt.;mp 21nd water mal1~G tc
prevent any turn of water to mains when pump is stopped.
2. Overhead tank supply - a water tank installed above the rool Of the building.
3. Pneumatic tank - the tank is an unfired pressure vessel. Initially full of air, into which water from mains is
pumped.
4. Hydraulic - is the mechanics of water or other liquid whether at rest or in motion.
S. Hydrostatics - is the scienca of water at rest.
6: Hydrokinetics - is a science of water at motion.
7. Hydrodynamics - Science of force exerted by water in motion.
8. 8ourdon gauge - consist essentially of a curved tube, fixed at 'the open end with the other end free.
9. Manometer - is a gauge in the form of a glass U-tube one leg of which is open to the atmosphere.
10. Pitot tube - is used to measure the pressure of water discharging from nozzle or flawing in a pipe.
11. Piezometer.- is a device sat in a pipe to enable a Bourdon gauge or a manometer attached to the
Piezometer.
12. Suction Lifts - exist when the total suction is below atmospheric pressure. Is the reading of a liquid
manometer at the suction of the pump.
13. Centrifugal pump - a pump in which the pressure is deveiopeq principally by the action of centrifugal force.
14. End suction Pump - a Single suction pump having its suction nozzle on the opposite side oftha casing'
from the stuffiOgbox_
15. In Line PurrcP - a cerf...rif~...a( c.....:.~.y .",,+~s:= C.r'L·'~ :'$ s;.;p;.or:oc ";j :'"-~ C!..lrc r,a'''lng i1;; svctif;n ar:.t:1 diY..har~
 flanges on appiOximately the same center.
16. Horizontal Pump - a pump with the shaft normally in a horLzontal position.
17. Hcrizonta! SpH!~C~se Pump - A centr1Tugal pump characterized by a housing, which is split paralJel to the
shaft.
i
t'f

'18. Vsnieal Shaft Turbine Pump - 8 centrifugal pump with one or more impellers di$charglng Into OlioS or mere
impellers discharging into one or mars bowls and a vertical ed!.!ctor or column pipe use to connect the
bO~N!5 to the discharge head on which the pump drh7Br is· mounted.
20. 9ccst~r P!J~p - 1s .6 :J!J~p ~h~t t:a!<:.e~ slJction from a public service main or privEts-use '.<vater system for the
purpose of increasing the effective water pressure.
21, Submersible Pump - a vertical turbine pump with the pump and motor closed-coupled and design to be
installed underground, as in the case of the daepwell pump.
22. Aquifer. An underground formation thai contains sufficient saturated permeable materia! to yield significant
quantities of water.
23. We! pit - a timber, concrete or masonry enclosure having a screened inlet kept parti:ally filled with water by
en open body of water such a. pond, lake, or streams.
24, Ground water - water which Is available from a well, driven into water bearing surface strata (aquifer).
25. Static watsr level - the level with respect to the pump 01 the body of water from which it takss suction when
the pump is not in operation.
26. Pumping water level - with respect to the pump, of the body of water from which it takes suction, when the
pump is in operation.
27. Draw-Down - the vertical difference between the pumping water level and the static water level.
28. The radial type of impeller is characterized. by rather long narrow passages for the water.
29. The Francis type of impeller is characterized by wider passages for the water and the ratio of D2 to impeller
eye D j is approximately 2.
30. The mixed flow type of impeller has a ratio O2 to OJ is slightly over unity.
31. The axial or propeller type of impeller has a ratio of O2 to 0, equal to unity.
32. Geometry - the common form of classification of turbo machines, and centrifugal pumps in particular, from
the shape of the casing;
33. By layout - refers to the design position of the pump shaft access, such as horizontal, vertical or inclined.
34. Impeller - imparts velocity to the liquid, resulting irom centrifugal force.
35. Casing - gives direction to the fiow from the impeller and converts this velocity energy into pressure
energy which is usually measured in feet of head.
36. Stuffing box - this is a means of throttling the point of entry of the shaft into the casing.
37. Packing - this is the most common means of throttHng the leakage between the inside and outside of
casing. .
38. Gland - to position and adjust the packing pressure.
39. Seal gage - provides passage to distribute the sealing medium uniformly around the portion of the shaft.
40. Shaft sleeve - protects the shaft where it passes through the stuffing box.
41. Wearing ring - keeps internal recirculation down to a minimum.
42. Specific speed - is a type characteristic of centrifugal pumps and maybe defined as that speed in rpm.
43. Pumps are installed in parallel to satiSfy variable pumping requirements to maintain pump operation at
peak efficiency and optimum power consumption; .
44. Multiple pumps in series may be used when liquid must be delivered at high heads.
45. Rotary pumps - is a positive displacement pump conSisting of a fixeo' casing containing gears, cams,
screws, varies, plungers or Similar elements actuated by rotation of the drive shaft.
46. Cam and Piston Pumps - This type consists of an eccentrically bored cam, rotated by a shaft concentric in
cylindrically borod caSing. .
47. Gear pumps - consist of two or more gears, operating in closely fitted casing so arranged ihat when ihe
gear teeth unmeet on one side.
48. Screw pumps - consists of one, two or three screw rotors so arranged that as the rotors turn liquids fills the
shape between the screw threads mesh. ' . I

49. Vane Pumps - consists of one rotor in a casing machined eccentrically to the drive shaft.
SO. Reciprocating pump - is a.positive displacement unit wherein the pumping action is accomplished by the
fO~Nard backward movement of a position of plunger.
51. Direct-Acting steam Pumps - has a steam cylinder with no lap on valves, a water cylinder no lap on valves,
a water cylinder and a common piston rod.
52. Crank and Flywheel Reciprocating Pumps - is driven by compound cross-compound, or tripte-expansion
steam engines. ' ,
53. Power Driven Pumps - this ripe rsceiv~5 Its forward and backward motion of the piston and plumge-r from
the rotary motion of a revolving crankshaft.
54. Air chamber - is to smoothen the flow due to the nature of fJowof the fluid from such type of pump.
55. Pressure Relief Valve - should be installed on the discharge side between pump and any other valve.
56. Foot valve and Strainer - these should be installed at the end of the suction pipe.
57. Plunger Pumps - modern plunger pumps are refinement of the old hand pymps that have played such an
important role in country home and small town water supply from wells.
58. Turbine Pumps -"these p~mps represent the application of vertical centrifugal pumps to deep well service
and are built for heads up to 305 meters and for capacities up to 26,295 liters per minute.
59. Ejector centrifugal Pump -,; A t~p~_~fdeep-well pump ihat has come into wide use for small cap,"cities
60. Air Lifts - another method of pumping wells is by air lifts with compressed air being gdmiUed (0 the ;,vell to
lift watar to the surfac8.
61. The best method for putting tile coupling halves in final accurate alignment is by the usad of a dial~
indicator. .
62. Foundation bolts should not be fuliy tightened uniil the grout is hardened, usually about 48 hours sfter
pouring.

PIPING SYSTEM
1. Bell and S<>;901 lo;n! - tl1e commonly used joint in cast iron pipe.

2, Slack pip" - steel pipe that has not been galvanized.

3. Borine!- part of a valve used to guide and support the valve steam.

4 .. Sull Head TEE - a tee the branch of which is larger than the run

5. Crees-Over - a small fitting with a double offset, or shaped like the letter U with the ends turned out.

6. Galvan;zed~ - steel pipe coated with zinc to resist corrosion.

7. Header - a large pipe or drum into which each of a group of beilers is connected.

8. M~lIiOable Iron - cast iron heat-treated to reduce its brittleness.

9. Manifold - a fitting with a number of branches in line connecting to smaller pipes.

10. Medium-pressure· when applied to valve-s and fittings; implies,they' arB suitable for a working pressure of
from 862 to 1207 Kpa.

11. lAm 1.011,,111 - is laso known as random length.

12. RUI! - a length of pipe made of more than one Piece of pipe.

13. Saddle Flange "a flange curved to fit a boileror tank and to be attached to a threaded pipe.'

14. Standard pressure - formerly used to deSignate cast iron flanges, fittings, valves suitable far a maximum
pressure of 862 Kpa.

15. Street el!low - an elbow with male thread at one end and female thread on the other end:

TYPES OF VAl-V"..

16. Glove valve - manually raised or lowered disc which when closed rests on a seat so as to prevent passage
of a fluid.
17. Check valv.. - a valve designated to allow a fluid to pass through in one direction only

18. Gate valva - valve employing a gate, often wedge shaped, allowing fluid to flow when the gate is lifted
from the seat.

19. Safety valves - defense against the occurrence cf hazardous steam pressures in the boiler.

20. R~1aef va!vs: - one designed to open automatically to relieve excess pressure,

21. Blow - off valve - used to rid the mud drums of sediment accumulations, to drain the boiler, to reduce
concentration of boiler water.

22. Control and regulating vaJvres - used for water level, steam pressure and. watsi flow.

23. Sojlar O"llel valv"s - these special valves are of the stop-check or a~tomatic non-return type to prevent
one of boilers in parallel
 Water - - 90 - 180 m/min
High pressure saturated steam ~ 1500 - 3050 mlmin
High pressure superheated steam ~ 3,050 - 4,570 m/min
;\tmospheric exhaust steam - 2,"-,150 - 3,660 mimin
LOIN prs:s$wre exhaust steam - 6,100 - 7,300 m/min

25. Caai lien shell not be used over 45-0°;:

26. Copper or brass shaH not be usa~r 4;08°;
27. Malleable iron or bronze shall not be used over SOQc!".
28. Minimum factor of safettJ of..:! for wor/dog pr,sssllrs appiiad shaH be used
29. No !lillvanlzlld piping shall be used for steam
30. Piping supports shall be placed 3,00~ mm interfsis Dr less

31. PIPE SPECIFICATION:

1. Schedule 40, Schedule 30, schedule 20 - rsiers to standard wall pipe
2. Schedule 80, schedule 60 - refers to extra strong wall pipe
3. Schedule 58 and 10S - refers to corrosion resistant materials
4. Schedule 40 and schedule 80 are identical with those of Old standard and Extra strong pipes
5. Scheduls numoers were introduced to designats pipe weigth. .
1000 P
6. Schedule Number formula: --S-

where: P = gauge pressure, kg/cm 2 S ;:: working stressl - kgfcm 2

32. Nominal diameters:

Equal to inside diameter up 304.8 mm.
Equal to outside diameter above 304;8 mm

33. COLOR CODE OF PIPE CATEGORIES:

A. Fer color ORANGE:

1. Acetylene 4. Grease 7. Oil
2. B. F. gas 5. Hydrogen 8. Tar
3. Gasoline 6. Oxygen 9. Producers

B. For color YELLOW:

1. Acid 3. Ammonia 5.
2. H. P. air 4. H. P. steam 6.

C. For color GREE~J:

1. L. P. air 4. L. P. nitrogen 7. L. P. water tsr
2. L. P. argon 5. Cold water 8. Treated ..N~ r
3. L. P. helium 6. Distilled watsr 9. Oil and';v'" e

D. For color RED:

1. Carbon dioxide
2. Fir-e service water

FROM PSME CODE

34. IDENTIFICATION COLORS OF PIPES

Water - Green
Steam - Silver gray
. Oil-mineral - brown
Grease - Yellow Ochre
Acids and alkali - violet
Air -light blue
Other fluids and drainage pipes - black
Fire fighting materials - safety red
Hazardous sSNiees - safety yellow
Elictricity - light orange
Commun"ications - white