Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PRAVEEN KUMAR
DODDAMANI
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPT. OF MICROBIOLOGY
MEDICITI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL
SCIENCES, Medchal , R.R.dist
Contents
Introduction
Definition
WHO statistics
Components
Hazards
Rules and penalties BMW 1998
Management
conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• Medical care – vital in our life and health.
Wastes
Liquid Gaseous
Solid waste
Waste Waste
• Household waste
• Industrial waste
• Biomedical waste or hospital waste
What is Bio-medical waste ??
Definition
Waste generated during the
diagnosis, testing, treatment, research or
production of biological products for
humans or animals (WHO)
• WHO estimates
10% is infectious
5% is non-infectious.
Bio-Medical Wastes
Non-Infectious
waste, 80%
Pathological
and Infectious
waste, 15%
Radioactive,
Cytotoxic and Chemical and
heavy Sharps, 1% Pharmaceutical
metals, 1% waste, 3%
WHO has estimated that
In year 2000
• injections with contaminated syringes caused:
• 21 million hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infections (32% of all new infections);
• Two million hepatitis C virus (HCV)
infections (40% of all new infections);
• 260 000 HIV infections (5% of all new)
Biomedical waste Statistics
In India-
1-2 kg/bed/day with variation among
Govt. and Private establishments.
Hospitals Clinics
Labs Dental clinics
Public
Patients &
Medical & attenders
Paramedical
staff
Sanitation
workers
3. Chemical toxicity
4. Radioactivity hazards.
5. Physical injuries
6. Public sensitivity.
Infection
The infectious agents enter into the body
through
Puncture
Abrasion
Cut in the skin
Through mucous membranes
By inhalation and ingestion.
Most Common Infections
1. Gastro enteric through faeces and/or vomit
e.g. Salmonella, Vibrio Cholera, Helminthes
Hepatitis A
2. Respiratory through inhaled secretions
e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Measles virus;
Streptococcus pneumoniae
3.Ocular infections through eye secretions
e.g. Herpes virus,
4. Skin infection through pus
e.g. Streptococcus spp ,
5. Meningitis through Cerebrospinal fluid
e.g. Neisseria meningitides
Most Common Infection Cont.
6. Blood borne diseases
• AIDS
• Septicaemia and bacteraemia
• Viral Hepatitis B & C
• Sharps
• Chemicals
• Explosive agents
Waste with high content
of heavy metals
PRESSURISED
CONTAINERS
Gas cartridges
Gas cylinders
27
Waste Sharps eg: Needles Discarded medicines
Blood bags found in the municipal waste stream in violation of rules for
such waste. 29
How did BMW come into Existence
Waste Generator
(Hospitals)
Bio-Medical Waste Flow Chart
Generator In House Segregation Common Storage Point
(HOSPITALS) (Collection, Segregation Packing At
in Color Coded Poly Bags) Hospitals
Treatment
Disposal (Incineration, Autoclaving
( Recycling & Landfill) and Shredding)
Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule
as per WHO Standard
WASTE TREATMENT AND
TYPE OF WASTE
CATEGORY DISPOSAL OPTION
Incineration@ / deep
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste (Human tissues, organs, body parts)
burial*
Animal Waste
(Animal tissues, organs, body parts, carcasses, bleeding parts,
Incineration@ / deep
Category No. 2 fluid, blood and experimental animals used in research, waste
burial*
generated by veterinary hospitals and colleges, discharge from
hospitals, animal houses)
Disinfecting by chemical
Solid Waste (Waste generated from disposable
treatment@@ / autoclaving /
Category No. 7 items other than the waste sharps such as
microwaving and mutilation /
tubing, catheters, intravenous sets, etc.) 37
shredding# #
Categories of Biomedical Waste Schedule
as per WHO standards cont….
38
COLOR WASTE TREAT
Doctors 56 43 (76.8)
Interns 65 25(38.5)
Nurses 83 68(81.9)
Technicians 44 12(27.3)
Attenders 78 23(29.5)
2. Purchase smallest
quantity needed, and
don’t purchase
hazardous materials if
safe alternative exists
**Use mercury-free thermometers
Steps to Manage Hazardous Wastes (cont..)
Microbiological waste
Autoclaving
WASTE
•Tubes used for serum separation, centrifugation of
samples, preparation of dilutions etc.
sample cups ,Tips , Caps.
Yellow bag
Contaminated gloves; latex & plastic(Uncontaminated – general
waste)
Contaminated tissue /blotting papers
Contaminated cotton
Human tissue/organs
• Incineration
• Chemical disinfection
• Inertisation
• Autoclave
• Encapsulation
• Microwave
• Shredder
• Plasma pyrolysis
• Deep burial
Every occupier generating BMW, Occupiers with more than 1000 beds
irrespective of the quantum of wastes required to obtain authorisation
comes under the BMW Rules and
requires to obtain authorisation
THANK YOU