Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2018
This Airman Knowledge Testing Supplement is designed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Flight Standards
Service. It is intended for use by Airman Knowledge Testing (AKT) Organization Designation Authorization (ODA)
Holders and other entities approved and/or authorized to administer airman knowledge tests on behalf of the FAA in the
following knowledge areas:
Comments regarding this supplement, or any Airman Testing publication, should be emailed to AFS630comments@faa.gov.
iii
iv
Contents
Preface.............................................................................................................................................................. iii
Contents............................................................................................................................................................. v
Appendix 1
Legend 1. Sectional Aeronautical Chart..............................................................................................................................1-1
Legend 2. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-2
Legend 3. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-3
Legend 4. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-4
Legend 5. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-5
Legend 6. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-6
Legend 7. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-7
Legend 8. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-8
Legend 9. Chart Supplement..............................................................................................................................................1-9
Legend 10. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-10
Legend 11. Chart Supplement...........................................................................................................................................1-11
Legend 12. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-12
Legend 13. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-13
Legend 14. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-14
Legend 15. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-15
Legend 16. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-16
Legend 17. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-17
Legend 18. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-18
Legend 19. Chart Supplement..........................................................................................................................................1-19
Appendix 2
Figure 1. Lift Vector.............................................................................................................................................................2-1
Figure 2. Load Factor Chart................................................................................................................................................2-2
Figure 3. Altimeter...............................................................................................................................................................2-3
Figure 4. Airspeed Indicator.................................................................................................................................................2-4
Figure 5. Turn Coordinator..................................................................................................................................................2-5
Figure 6. Heading Indicator.................................................................................................................................................2-6
Figure 7. Attitude Indicator...................................................................................................................................................2-7
Figure 8. Density Altitude Chart...........................................................................................................................................2-8
Figure 9. Control Position for Taxi.......................................................................................................................................2-9
Figure 10. Gyroplane Rotor Blade Position.......................................................................................................................2-10
Figure 11. Glider Yaw String..............................................................................................................................................2-11
Figure 12. Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR)...................................................................................................2-12
Figure 13. Telephone Weather Briefing.............................................................................................................................2-13
Figure 14. Pilot Weather Report........................................................................................................................................2-14
Figure 15. Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF)..............................................................................................................2-15
Figure 17. Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast..........................................................................................................2-16
Figure 18. Weather Depiction Chart..................................................................................................................................2-17
Figure 19. Low-Level Significant Weather (SIGWX) Prognostic Charts............................................................................2-18
Figure 20. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-19
Figure 21. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-20
Figure 22. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-21
v
Figure 23. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-22
Figure 24. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-23
Figure 25. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-24
Figure 26. Sectional Chart Excerpt. .................................................................................................................................2-25
Figure 27. Time Conversion Table.....................................................................................................................................2-26
Figure 28. VOR.................................................................................................................................................................2-27
Figure 31. Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-28
Figure 32. Airplane Weight and Balance Tables................................................................................................................2-29
Figure 33. Airplane Weight and Balance Tables................................................................................................................2-30
Figure 34. Airplane Weight and Balance Graphs..............................................................................................................2-31
Figure 35. Airplane Power Setting Table...........................................................................................................................2-32
Figure 36. Crosswind Component Graph..........................................................................................................................2-33
Figure 37. Airplane Landing Distance Graph....................................................................................................................2-34
Figure 38. Airplane Landing Distance Table......................................................................................................................2-35
Figure 39. Gyroplane Takeoff and Landing Graphs...........................................................................................................2-36
Figure 40. Airplane Takeoff Distance Graph......................................................................................................................2-37
Figure 41. Helicopter Weight and Balance Graph.............................................................................................................2-38
Figure 42. Helicopter Weight and Balance Graphs...........................................................................................................2-39
Figure 43. Helicopter CG Envelopes.................................................................................................................................2-40
Figure 44. Gyroplane Weight and Balance Graph.............................................................................................................2-41
Figure 45. Gyroplane Weight and Balance Graph. ...........................................................................................................2-42
Figure 46. Helicopter Height Velocity Diagram..................................................................................................................2-43
Figure 47. VASI Illustrations..............................................................................................................................................2-44
Figure 48. Airport Diagram................................................................................................................................................2-45
Figure 49. Airport Diagram................................................................................................................................................2-46
Figure 50. Wind Sock Airport Landing Indicator................................................................................................................2-47
Figure 51. Flight Plan Form...............................................................................................................................................2-48
Figure 52. Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-49
Figure 53. Glider Weight and Balance Diagram................................................................................................................2-50
Figure 54. Glider Performance Graph...............................................................................................................................2-51
Figure 56. Hot Air Balloon Performance Graph.................................................................................................................2-53
Figure 57. Hot Air Balloon Performance Graph.................................................................................................................2-54
Figure 58. Compass Card.................................................................................................................................................2-55
Figure 59. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-56
Figure 60. Weight and Balance Diagram...........................................................................................................................2-57
Figure 61. Weight and Balance Diagram...........................................................................................................................2-58
Figure 62. Rectangular Course.........................................................................................................................................2-59
Figure 63. Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-60
Figure 64. Airport Markings...............................................................................................................................................2-61
Figure 65. U.S. Airport Signs.............................................................................................................................................2-62
Figure 66. S-Turn Diagram................................................................................................................................................2-63
Figure 67. Weight and Balance Chart...............................................................................................................................2-64
Figure 68. Wind Triangle...................................................................................................................................................2-65
Figure 69. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-66
Figure 70. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-67
Figure 71. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-68
Figure 72. Velocity vs. G-Loads........................................................................................................................................2-69
Figure 73. Glider Hand Signals.........................................................................................................................................2-70
Figure 74. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-71
Figure 75. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-72
Figure 76. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-73
vi
Figure 77. Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-74
Figure 78. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-75
Figure 79. Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-76
Figure 80. Sectional Chart Excerpt...................................................................................................................................2-77
Figure 81. Chart Supplement............................................................................................................................................2-78
Figure 82. Altimeter...........................................................................................................................................................2-79
vii
viii
Appendix 1
SECTIONAL AERONAUTICAL CHART
SCALE 1:500,000
LEGEND Airports having control towers are shown in blue, all others in magenta. Consult Chart Supplement for details involving airport lighting, navigation aids, and services. For additional symbol information refer to the Chart User’s Guide.
AIRPORTS AIRPORT DATA AIRPORT TRAFFIC SERVICE AND AIRSPACE INFORMATION TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Prohibited, Restricted,
and Warning Areas; 95
Box indicators FAR 93 Only the controlled and reserved airspace Roads &
Other than hard-surfaced runways Seaplane Base FAR 91 Canadian Advisory, 40
Special Air Traffic FSS Location effective below 18,000 ft. MSL are shown Road Markers
Rules & Airport NO SVFR identifier on this chart. All times are local. Danger, and Restricted
Hard-surfaced runways 1500 ft. to 8069 ft. in length Traffic Patterns Areas.
NAME (NAM)(PNAM) Alert Area and MOA - Railroad
Class B Airspace
CT – 118.3 C ATIS 123.8 Military Operations
Hard-surfaced runways greater than 8069 ft., or same 285 L 72 122.95
ICAO Class C Airspace (mode C Area
multiple runways less than 8069 ft. RP 23, 34 Power Transmission Lines
Runways with Location See FAR 91.215/AIM.) Special Airport Traffic
VFR Advsy 125.0
Right Traffic Patterns AOE indicator Area (See FAR Part 93
Open dot within hard-surfaced runway configuration UNICOM Class D Airspace Aerial Cable
(public use) shown for details)
indicates approxmate VOR, VOR-DME, or VORTAC
RP Special conditions outside Ceiling of Class D Airspace ADIZ - Air Defense
location. Landmark Feature - stadium, factory,
exist - see Chart Supplement Airport contiguous in hundreds of feet. (A minus Identification Zone
of Entry U.S. 40 ceiling value indicates surface school, golf course, etc.
All recognizable hard-surfaced runways, including those closed, are Mode C
up to but not including that (See FAR 91.215/AIM).
shown for visual identification. Airports may be public or private. Outdoor Theater
value).
National Security Area
Class E (sfc) Airspace Lookout Tower
ADDITIONAL AIRPORT INFORMATION FSS – Flight Service Station Terminal Radar Service
618 (Elevation Base of Tower)
NO SVFR – Fixed wing special VFR flight is prohibited. Area (TRSA)
Class E Airspace with floor
R Restricted or Private – (Soft surfaced runway, or hard surfaced CT– 118.3 – Control Tower (CT) primary frequency 700 ft. above surface. IR211 MTR - Military Training CG Coast Guard Station
runway less than 1500' in length.) Use only in – Star indicates operation part-time (see tower frequencies Route
Class E Airspace with floor Race Track
emergency, or by specific authorization. tabulation for hours of operation).
C – Indicates Common Traffic Advisory Frequencies (CTAF) 1200 ft. or greater above
Military – Other than hard-surfaced. All military airports are Tank-water, oil or gas
ATIS 123.8 – Automatic Terminal Information Service surface that abuts Class G MISCELLANEOUS
identified by abbreviations AFB, NAS, AAF, etc. Airspace.
ASOS/AWOS 135.42 – Automated Surface Weather Observing Oil Well Water Well
For complete airport information, consult DOD FLIP.
Systems (shown where full-time ATIS is not available). Differentiates floors of Isogonic Line (2010 VALUE)
2400 MSL 1° E
Some ASOS/AWOS facilities may not be located at airports. Class E Airspace greater Mine or Quarry
UNICOM – Aeronoutical advisory station than 700 ft. above surface.
H U F 4500 MSL Ultralight Mountain Pass
VFR Advsy – VFR Advisory Service shown where full-time ATIS Class E Airspace exists at 1200' AGL unless U Activity
1-1
Heliport Unverified not available and frequency is other than primary CT frequency. 11823 (Elevation of Pass)
Abandoned–paved, Ultralight otherwise designated as shown above.
Selected having landmark value, Flight Park Class E Airspace low altitude Federal
285 – Elevation in feet Hang Glider
3000 ft. or greater Selected Airways are indicated by center line. H
L – Lighting in operation sunset to sunrise Intersection - Arrows are directed towards Activity (Pass symbol does not indicate a
L – Lighting limitations exist, refer to Airport/Facility facilities which establish intersection. recommended route or direction of flight
Directory. and pass elevation does not indicate a
72 – Length of longest runway in hundreds of feet; 132° V 69 G Glider Operations recommended clearance altitude.
usable length may be less. Total mileage 169 Hazardous flight conditions may exist
Services–fuel available and field attended during normal working between NAVAID, on direct Airways within and near mountain passes).
hours depicted by use of ticks around basic airport symbol. (Normal When information is lacking, the respective charactor is UA
Class E Airspace low altitude RNAV routes Unmanned Aircraft Activity
working hours are Mon thru Fri 10:00 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. local time. replaced by a dash. Lighting codes refer to runway edge lights are indicated by center line.
Consult Chart Supplement for service availability at airports with and may not represent the longest runway or full length lighting. Perennial Lake
hard-surfaced runways greater than 8069 ft. TK313 RNAV Parachute Jumping Area
(See Chart Supplement.) Dams
T319 (helicopter only) waypoint
Rotating airport beacon in operation Sunset to Sunrise
Pier
Rocks
Marine Light
1-2
Appendix 1
1-3
Appendix 1
1-4
Appendix 1
1-5
Appendix 1
1-6
Appendix 1
1-7
Appendix 1
1-8
Appendix 1
1-9
Appendix 1
1-10
Appendix 1
1-11
Appendix 1
1-12
Appendix 1
1-13
Appendix 1
1-14
Appendix 1
1-15
Appendix 1
1-16
Appendix 1
1-17
Appendix 1
1-18
Appendix 1
1-19
Appendix 1
1-20
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
Lift
rc nt
Fo ulta
e
s
Ch
Re
ord
line
A
Drag
Relative wind
Center of pressure
2-1
Appendix 2
2-2
I00 FEET I00 FEET I00 FEET
0 0 0
9 I 9 I 9 I
00 FEET 00 FEET 00 FEET
10 0 FEE 10 0 FEE 10 0 FEE
00 T 00 T 00 T
8 1 2 8 1 2 8 1 2
29.4 29.4 29.4
29.5 29.5 29.5
2-3
29.6 29.6 29.6
7 3 7 3 7 3
6 6 6
Figure 3. Altimeter.
4 4 4
5 5 5
1 2 3
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
240 40
220
200 60
180 80
160
140 100
2-4
Appendix 2
D.C.
ELEC.
TURN COORDINATOR
L R
2 MIN.
NO PITCH
INFORMATION
2-5
Appendix 2
30
24
33
2I
I5
3
I2 6
2-6
Appendix 2
2-7
Appendix 2
000
14 14, 28.0 1,824
28.1 1,727
000
13, 28.2 1,630
13
28.3 1,533
0 00
12, 28.4 1,436
12
00 fe et) 28.5 1,340
0 (
11, de 28.6 1,244
11
lt itu
ea 28.7 1,148
000 s ur
10,
Approximate density altitude (thousand feet)
es 28.8 1,053
10 Pr
28.9 957
00
9,0 29.0 863
9
29.1 768
00
8,0 29.2 673
8
29.3 579
Sta
00
7,0
nda
29.4 485
7
rd t
29.5 392
00
6,0
em
29.6 298
6
per
29.7 205
00
5,0
atu
29.8 112
5
re
29.9 20
00
4,0 29.92 0
4
30.0 −73
00
3,0 30.1 −165
3
30.2 −257
2,000
30.3 −348
2
00 30.4 −440
1,0
el 30.5 −531
1 lev
S ea 30.6 −622
00
–1,0 30.7 −712
S.L.
30.8 −803
°C -18° -12° -7° -1° 4° 10° 16° 21° 27° 32° 38° 43°
°F 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 100° 110° 30.9 −893
2-8
Appendix 2
B
A
2-9
Appendix 2
A C
2-10
1 2 3
4 4 4
6 6 6
O O O
Accele 0 Accele 0 Accele 0
2 ration LT 10 2 ration LT 10 2 ration LT 10
SA SA SA
s
s
s
ot
ot
ot
4 6 4 6 4 6
kn
kn
kn
2 8 2 8 2 8
0 10 0 10 0 10
10 0 winter 40 60 10 0 winter 40 60 10 0 winter 40 60
knots 160 knots 160 knots 160
PU
-2 2 PU
-2 2 PU
-2 2
50
50
50
-4 -4 -4
90
90
90
L L L
DIST NAV DIST NAV DIST NAV
PUSH PUSH PUSH
ALT FNCN ALT FNCN ALT FNCN
HW + HW + HW +
VOL BATT VOL BATT VOL BATT
KNOTS PWR I00 KNOTS PWR I00 KNOTS PWR I00
FE ET FE ET FE ET
− 9 0 − 9 0 − 9 0
SEL N FOR
SEL N FOR
SEL N FOR
30 30 30
I 60
E
I 60
E
I 60
E
120 120 120
8 CALIBRAT
STEER 150
8 CALIBRAT
STEER 150
8 CALIBRAT
STEER 150
ED ED ED
TO ALT TO ALT TO ALT
20,000 20,000 20,000
FEET
2
29.8 FEET
2
29.8 FEET
2
29.8
PU 29.9 PU 29.9 PU 29.9
SH 7 SH 7 SH 7
4 30.0
5 30.0
6 30.0
6 3 6 3 6 3
S FOR S FOR S FOR
5 4 210 240 5 4 210 240 5 4 210 240
W 300 W 300 W 300
STEER 330 STEER 330 STEER 330
2-11
ON ON ON
ON ON ON
RADIO RADIO RADIO
s
s
s
ot
ot
ot
4 6 4 6 4 6
kn
kn
kn
2 8 2 8 2 8
0 10 0 10 0 10
10 0 winter 40 60 10 0 winter 40 60 10 0 winter 40 60
knots 160 knots 160 knots 160
PU
-2 2 PU
-2 2 PU
-2 2
50
50
50
-4 -4 -4
90
90
90
L L L
DIST NAV DIST NAV DIST NAV
PUSH PUSH PUSH
ALT FNCN ALT FNCN ALT FNCN
HW + HW + HW +
VOL BATT VOL BATT VOL BATT
KNOTS PWR I00 KNOTS PWR I00 KNOTS PWR I00
FE ET FE ET FE ET
− 9 0 − 9 0 − 9 0
SEL N FOR
SEL N FOR
SEL N FOR
30 30 30
I 60
E
I 60
E
I 60
E
120 120 120
8 CALIBRAT
STEER 150
8 CALIBRAT
STEER 150
8 CALIBRAT
STEER 150
ED ED ED
TO ALT TO ALT TO ALT
20,000 20,000 20,000
FEET
2
29.8 FEET
2
29.8 FEET
2
29.8
PU 29.9 PU 29.9 PU 29.9
SH 7 30.0 SH 7 30.0 SH 7 30.0
6 3 6 3 6 3
S FOR S FOR S FOR
5 4 210 240 5 4 210 240 5 4 210 240
W 300 W 300 W 300
STEER 330 STEER 330 STEER 330
ON ON ON
ON ON ON
RADIO RADIO RADIO
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
SPECI KMDW 121856Z 32005KT 1 1/2SM RA OVC007 17/16 A2980 RMK RAB35
2-12
Appendix 2
This is a telephone weather briefing from the Dallas FSS for local operation
of gliders and lighter-than-air at Caddo Mills, Texas (about 30 miles east of
Dallas). The briefing is at 13Z.
“The winds aloft are: 3 thousand 170 at 7, temperature 20; 6 thousand 200
at 18, temperature 14; 9 thousand 210 at 22, temperature 8; 12 thousand
225 at 27, temperature 0; 18 thousand 240 at 30, temperature −7.”
2-13
Appendix 2
2-14
Appendix 2
TAF
KMEM 121720Z 1218/1324 20012KT 5SM HZ BKN030 PROB40 1220/1222 1SM TSRA OVC008CB
FM122200 33015G20KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 PROB40 1220/1222 3SM SHRA
FM120200 35012KT OVC008 PROB40 1202/1205 2SM-RASN BECMG 1306/1308 02008KT BKN012
BECMG 1310/1312 00000KT 3SM BR SKC TEMPO 1212/1214 1/2SM FG
FM131600 VRB06KT P6SM SKC=
2-15
Appendix 2
FB WBC 151745
DATA BASED ON 151200Z
VALID 1600Z FOR USE 1800-0300Z. TEMPS NEG ABV 24000
2-16
16 250 250
50 250 COLD WK
70 45
35 220 15
25 3
65 15 14 84
240 95
17 220 23 8
3 5 5 220
48 100 260
14 18 250
10 220 25 48 17
2 250 200 85 95
21 H 78 100
30
45 10 80 1
19 20 50 6
3 2 70 68 260
55 15 45 15 12 250
55 24 44
250 48 200 150
14
30 2 26 65
70 16 7 2 1/2 110
15 44 42 130
12 16 150
36
50 65 2
60 40
4 12 9 36
20 15 200
50
5 25 55
40 55 23 40
14 12 200
30 4 22
29 180 65 25 2 36
43 60 4 17
65 30 250
80 2 29
250
1
70 100 16
39 C 25 42
20 150 15 19
32 3 25
60 26 8
200 B 70 17 16 13
COLD WK 7
15 3
40 30 9
TROF 250 2 11
23 13 60
37 3 3
15 19 11
60
70 14 14 12 72
30
29 2 4 8
2-17
250 9
15 5
US DEPT OF COMMERCE
250 TROF 10 3
14
NOAA/NWS/NMC WASHINGTON
250 9 1/2
F
0 9
110 200 12 15 12
150 2 1/2 5 3
A 2 1/2
D 23 5 2
3 10 8 13
200 13 13 10
5 11 2
8
16Z SAT 14 APR 20XX A6+41
6 7
10 10 3
10 10
E 9 3
8 5 9 STNY WK
12 11
5 10
16 11
6 18 5 24
TOTAL STATIONS 10 4
240 /
240 /
040
120 /
40N
70W
080
180 /
120 /
080
VT 18Z
visibility 3-5 miles incl. 120
Moderate or greater turbulence
Sat Apr 14 2012 Freezing level at surface
12 HR SIG WX PROG Freezing level above mean sea level
LOW LVL SFC-400MB 100W
Moderate turbulence 90W
Severe turbulence
040
040 Extreme turbulence
040
Top (hundreds of feet MSL)
Base (hundreds of feet MSL)
100/070
120 /
080 / 40N
080 70W
240 /
120W 120 /
120
VT 06Z
Sun Apr 15 2012
24 HR SIG WX PROG
LOW LVL SFC-400MB 90W 80W
2-18
Appendix 2
2-19
Appendix 2
2-20
Appendix 2
2-21
Appendix 2
2-22
Appendix 2
2-23
Appendix 2
2-24
Appendix 2
2-25
Appendix 2
15°E 20°W
WASHINGTON 10°E 15°W
5°E 0° 5°W 10°W
20°W
MAINE
20°E NORTH DAKOTA
M O N T A N A
VERMONT
O R E G O N I D A H O
NEW
HAMPSHIRE
MINNESOTA NEW
SOUTH YORK MASSACHUSETTS
DAKOTA WISCONSIN 15°W
CONNECTICUT RHODE ISLAND
MICHIGAN
WYOMING PENNSYLVANIA
NEBRASKA
NEW JERSEY
OHIO
I O W A ILLINOIS
INDIANA
N E V A D A DELAWARE
U T A H
Pacific standard time Mountain standard time Central standard time Eastern standard time MARYLAND 10°W
WEST
CALIFORNIA VIRGINIA
KANSAS
COLORADO VIRGINIA
2-26
MISSOURI
KENTUCKY
15°E
NORTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE
A R I Z O N A ARKANSAS
N E W M E X I C O
OKLAHOMA SOUTH
CAROLINA
5°W
GEORGIA
MISSISSIPPI
TEXAS
To convert from To coordinated universal time LOUISIANA
10°E FLORIDA
o
1 2 3
21 24 21 24 21 24
S S S
15
15
15
TO TO TO
W
12
12
12
30
30
30
E
E
FR FR FR
33
33
33
6 N 6 N 6 N
OBS 3 OBS 3 OBS 3
4 5 6
21 24 21 24 21 24
S S S
15
15
15
TO TO TO
W
W
12
12
12
30
30
30
E
E
FR FR FR
33
33
33
6 N 6 N 6 N
OBS 3 OBS 3 OBS 3
7 8 9
3 3 3
N 6 N 6 N 6
33
33
33
TO TO TO
E
E
30
30
30
12
12
12
W
FR FR
W FR
15
15
15
S S S
24 24 24
OBS 21 OBS 21 OBS 21
2-27
Appendix 2
2-28
Appendix 2
2-29
Appendix 2
2-30
Appendix 2
400
ers
eng
ss
350 pa
ar
Re
300
Load Weight (pounds)
r
ge
Loading Graph
48 gal**
en
)
al
ss
/g
250
lb
pa
(6
nt
38 gal*
el
fro
Fu
200
&
lot
30 gal
Pi
150
20 gal
100 Maximum Usable Fuel
Baggage or passenger on
child’s seat (120 lb max.) * Standard tanks
10 gal ** Long range tanks
50
0
5 10 15 20 25 30
Load Moment/1,000 (pounds-inches)
Notes: 1. Lines representing adjustable seats show the pilot or passenger center of gravity
on adjustable seats positioned for an average occupant. Refer to the Loading
Arrangements diagram for forward and aft limits of occupant CG range.
Note: The empty weight of this airplane does not include the weight of the oil.
2,300
Normal
Loaded Airplane Weight (pounds)
2,200 category
2,100
2,000
1,900
ry
go
te
1,800
ca
y
ilit
Ut
1,700
1,600
1,500
45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
2-31
Appendix 2
ISA −20 °C (−36 °F) Standard day (ISA) ISA +20 °C (+36 °F)
Press
ALT. Engine MAN. Fuel flow TAS Engine MAN. Fuel flow Engine MAN. Fuel flow
IOAT speed press per engine IOAT speed press per engine TAS IOAT speed press per engine TAS
Feet °F °C RPM IN HG PSI GPH KTS MPH °F °C RPM IN HG PSI GPH KTS MPH °F °C RPM IN HG PSI GPH KTS MPH
SL 27 −3 2,450 20.7 6.6 11.5 147 169 63 17 2,450 21.2 6.6 11.5 150 173 99 37 2,450 21.8 6.6 11.5 153 176
2,000 19 −7 2,450 20.4 6.6 11.5 149 171 55 13 2,450 21.0 6.6 11.5 153 176 91 33 2,450 21.5 6.6 11.5 156 180
4,000 12 −11 2,450 20.1 6.6 11.5 152 175 48 9 2,450 20.7 6.6 11.5 156 180 84 29 2,450 21.3 6.6 11.5 159 183
2-32
6,000 5 −15 2,450 19.8 6.6 11.5 155 178 41 5 2,450 20.4 6.6 11.5 158 182 79 26 2,450 21.0 6.6 11.5 161 185
8,000 −2 −19 2,450 19.5 6.6 11.5 157 181 36 2 2,450 20.2 6.6 11.5 161 185 72 22 2,450 20.8 6.6 11.5 164 189
10,000 −8 −22 2,450 19.2 6.6 11.5 160 184 28 −2 2,450 19.9 6.6 11.5 163 188 64 18 2,450 20.3 6.5 11.4 166 191
12,000 −15 −26 2,450 18.8 6.4 11.5 162 186 21 −6 2,450 18.8 6.1 10.9 163 188 57 14 2,450 18.8 5.9 10.6 163 188
14,000 −22 −30 2,450 17.4 5.8 10.5 159 183 14 −10 2,450 17.4 5.6 10.1 160 184 50 10 2,450 17.4 5.4 9.8 160 184
16,000 −29 −34 2,450 16.1 5.3 9.7 156 180 7 −14 2,450 16.1 5.1 9.4 156 180 43 6 2,450 16.1 4.9 9.1 155 178
0°
10°
20° Example:
A
40
Headwind component
60°
C B
30
70°
20
80°
10
90°
0 D
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Crosswind component
2-33
Appendix 2
3,000
g hts edia plic
li
i
he rm a
ide
le nte not
Gu
s tac for I nes
2,500
Ob
win
2-34
Tail
Reference line
Reference line
Reference line
2,000
Distance (feet)
feet
altitude -
ssure 1,500
Pre He
ad
000 wi
10, ,000 nd
8 00
6,0 ,000 0
500
°C -40° -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 0 10 20 30 0 50
Outside air temperature Weight (pounds) Wind component Obstacle
(knots) (feet)
°F -40° -20° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120°
Flaps lowered to 40° – Power off
Landing distance Hard surface runway – Zero wind
Approach At sea level & 59 °F At 2,500 feet & 50 °F At 5,000 feet & 41 °F At 7,500 feet & 32 °F
Gross weight
speed, IAS, Total to clear Total to clear Total to clear Total to clear
lb Ground roll Ground roll Ground roll Ground roll
MPH 50 feet OBS 50 feet OBS 50 feet OBS 50 feet OBS
2-35
1,600 60 445 1,075 470 1,135 495 1,195 520 1,255
NOTE:
3. For operation on a dry, grass runway, increase distance (both “ground roll” and “total to clear 50 feet obstacle”) by 20% of the “total to clear 50 feet obstacle” figure.
Total landing distance to clear a 50 feet obstacle Total takeoff distance to clear a 50 feet obstacle
Weight 1,500 lb – Zero wind – Rotor pre-rotated to 450 rpm – Smooth hard surface runway
4,000
3,000
AT
OA
°
°
°
FO
°
F
0
°
°
°
80
°
°
60
0°
40
10
20
0°
20
60
40
80
100
2,000
2-36
1,000
Pressure
altitude
pl e l
G
iat
ap uid
ed
rm
s
te
ht 4,000
In
ig
ind
he
ilw
e
cl
Ta
2-37
sta
b
O
3,000
feet He
de - ad
ltitu
Reference line
Reference line
Reference line
e a win
sur ISA d
Pres
2,000
000
10, 00
8,0 000 1,000
0
°C -40° -30° -20° -10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 2,800 2,600 2,400 2,200 0 10 20 30 0 50
Outside air temperature Weight (pounds) Wind component Obstacle height
(knots) (feet)
°F -40° -20° 0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120°
Appendix 2
Appendix 2
2,400
195 lb fuel
2,300
600 lb cabin load
Max. approved weight
2,200
40
ga
3 Passengers
llo
2,100
Weight (pounds)
ns
24
2,000
0
lb
Pilot and one passenger
1,900
1,800 Ze 1 Pilot
ro
fu
el
1,700
1,500
86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100
CG (inches aft of datum)
Figure 41. Helicopter Weight and Balance Graph.
2-38
Appendix 2
34 170 A
32 165 B
30 160
28 44 155
Main tank & auxilliary tank
Sta. 107.0
26 150
40
22 140
20 135
30 B
Forward CG limit
fuel tank full 25 gal
18 130
16 25 125
Pilot and passenger
Sta. 83.90
14 120
Forward CG limit 95.0 0 fuel C
20
12 115
10 110
15
8 105
6 10 100
5
2
1,000 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400 1,500 1,600 1,700
Aircraft weight (pounds)
0
0 100 200 300 400 CG chart
2-39
Appendix 2
2,200
Gross weight (pounds)
2,000
Approved area
1,800
1,600
92 94 96 98 100
Longitudinal CG (inches aft of datum)
2,200
Gross weight (pounds)
2,100
2,000
1,900
1,800
1,700
1,600
−5,000
−4,000
−3,000
−2,000
−1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
2-40
Appendix 2
1,450
Example point
Total weight (pounds)
1,400
1,350
Fuel consumption
1,300
92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118
Total aircraft moment X 1,000 (pound - inches)
2-41
Appendix 2
Loading chart
300
250
Seat FWD
Seat AFT
200
Weight (pounds)
150
Full
100
Max 15 gal
10 gal
50
5 gal
Code Configuration
Pilot/passenger
Baggage
Fuel
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Load moment x 1000 (pound – inches)
2-42
Appendix 2
500
400
300
Recommended takeoff
profile
200
Best rate of climb speed
at sea level
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Indicated airspeed (mph)
2-43
Appendix 2
A B
C D
2-44
Appendix 2
A R
12 17
B
Itinerant Rammp
L
17
Ramp
Tower
Air Carrier
Terminal
C
30
E
N
35
L 35
R
2-45
Appendix 2
22
18
36
4
2-46
Appendix 2
Wind cone
2-47
Appendix 2
U S Department of Transportation
Federal Aviation Administration
International Flight Plan
PRIORITY ADDRESSEE(S)
<=FF
<=
FILING TIME ORIGINATOR
<=
SPECIFIC IDENTIFICATION OF ADDRESSEE(S) AND / OR ORIGINATOR
<=(FPL <=
9 NUMBER TYPE OF AIRCRAFT WAKE TURBULENCE CAT. 10 EQUIPMENT
/ / <=
13 DEPARTURE AERODROME TIME
<=
15 CRUISING SPEED LEVEL ROUTE
<=
TOTAL EET
16 DESTINATION AERODROME HR MIN ALTN AERODROME 2ND ALTN AERODROME
<=
18 OTHER INFORMATION
<=
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION (NOT TO BE TRANSMITTED IN FPL MESSAGES)
19 ENDURANCE EMERGENCY RADIO
HR MIN PERSONS ON BOARD UHF VHF ELT
E/ P/ R/ U V E
SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT JACKETS
POLAR DESERT MARITIME JUNGLE LIGHT FLUORES UHF VHF
/ P D M J / L F U V
DINGHIES
NUMBER CAPACITY COVER COLOR
D / C <=
AIRCRAFT COLOR AND MARKINGS
A/
REMARKS
N / <=
PILOT-IN-COMMAND
C/ )<=
FILED BY ACCEPTED BY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
2-48
Appendix 2
2-49
Appendix 2
Stations diagram
STA. 0
2-50
Appendix 2
30 12
28 10
L/D glide angle
26 8
24 6
22 4
Vs
L/D
FPS
Vs sinking speed 2
20
30 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 94 98
V-MPH
2-51
Appendix 2
1 2 3
Fans Rudder
5 6
ly
nt
ge
Pu
ll
ll
Pu
ge
7
n
tly
8 9
Roll
10
Fishtail
Roll
11 12 Fishtail
Roll
Move out
13
Waggle rudder
2-52
Appendix 2
°C
°F
+50
+120
+40
15
10
Se
5,0
+100
,0 0
a
,00
00
le
0f
0f
ve
fe
l
et
ee
ee
t
t
+30
+80
11 ,000
,00
12
+20
13 ,000
0
,00
14
0
+60
+10
Air temperature
+40
2-53
Appendix 2
1600
1400
1200
erature
rd temp
Standa Sea
-lev
1000
2-54
el –
pres
5,00 sure
0 fe altit
et ude
800 10,0
00 fe
et
600 15,00
0 feet
2-55
Appendix 2
2-56
Appendix 2
15" 20"
CG
CG
500 LB 250 LB
15"
CG Plank weight 200 LB
45" 45"
2-57
Appendix 2
Datum
50" 100"
25"
Y
X CG Z
CG CG
Fulcrum
2-58
Appendix 2
Wind
2
2-59
Appendix 2
2-60
Appendix 2
19
A B C
Terminal
A
A
E F
D
4
2-61
Appendix 2
A 4 - 22 H
B
4 - APCH TERM I
C ILS 22 J
D
B K
E
B 4 L
F 22 HS-1 M
G N
2-62
Appendix 2
1 3
4 6
Wind
2-63
Appendix 2
Occupants
Empty Weight Data Front seats Rear seats
Fwd Alt
*Oil is included in Empty Empty
Position Position
empty weight Weight Weight
ARM 85 inches ARM 111 ARM 136
(pountds) Moment
inches inches
(/100)
Weight Moment Weight Moment Moment
Certificated Weight 2,110 1,652 (pounds) (in-lb) (pounds) (in-lb) (in-lb)
120 102 120 133 163
2-64
Appendix 2
B
N
S
C
2-65
Appendix 2
2-66
Appendix 2
2-67
Appendix 2
2-68
5
Maximum structural cruise
4 C D E
Never exceed
3 +30 fps speed
B
Load factor
2-69
0 –15 fps
–1 –30 fps F
2-70
Appendix 2
2-71
Appendix 2
2-72
Appendix 2
2-73
Appendix 2
2-74
Appendix 2
2-75
Appendix 2
64 IOWA
SIOUX CITY
SIOUX GATEWAY/COL BUD DAY FLD (SUX) 6S UTC 6( 5DT) N42 °24.16 W96°23.06 OMAHA
1098 B S4 FUEL 100LL, 115, JET A OX 1, 2, 3, 4 Class I, ARFF Index—See Remarks H–5C, L–12I
NOTAM FILE SUX IAP, AD
RWY 13–31: H9002X150 (CONC–GRVD) S–100, D–120, 2S–152,
2D–220 HIRL
RWY 13: MALS. VASI(V4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 49 . Tree.
RWY 31: MALSR. VASI(V4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 50 .
RWY 17–35: H6600X150 (ASPH–PFC) S–65, D–80, 2S–102,
2D–130 MIRL
RWY 17: REIL. VASI(V4R)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 50 . Trees.
RWY 35: PAPI(P4L)—GA 3.0 ° TCH 54 . Pole.
LAND AND HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS
LANDING HOLD SHORT POINT DIST AVBL
RWY 13 17–35 5400
RWY 17 13–31 5650
ARRESTING GEAR/SYSTEM
RWY 13 ←BAK–14 BAK–12B(B) (1392 )
BAK–14 BAK–12B(B) (1492 ) →RWY 31
AIRPORT REMARKS: Attended continuously. PAEW 0330–1200Z ‡ during
inclement weather Nov–Apr. AER 31–BAK–12/14 located (1492 )
from thld. Airfield surface conditions not monitored by arpt
management between 0600–1000Z ‡ daily. Rwy 13–BAK–12/14
located (1392 ) from thld. All A–gear avbl only during ANG flying ops. Twr has limited visibility southeast of
ramp near ARFF bldg and northeast of Rwy 31 touchdown zone. Rwy 31 is calm wind rwy. Class I, ARFF Index
B. ARFF Index E fire fighting equipment avbl on request. Twy F unlit, retro–reflective markers in place. Portions
of Twy A SE of Twy B not visible by twr and is designated a non–movement area. Rwy 13–31 touchdown and
rollout rwy visual range avbl. When twr clsd, ACTIVATE HIRL Rwy 13–31; MIRL Rwy 17–35; MALS Rwy 13;
MALSR Rwy 31; and REIL Rwy 17—CTAF.
WEATHER DATA SOURCES: ASOS (712) 255–6474. HIWAS 116.5 SUX. LAWRS.
COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF 118.7 ATIS 119.45 UNICOM 122.95
SIOUX CITY RCO 122.45 122.1R 116.5T (FORT DODGE RADIO)
R SIOUX CITY APP/DEP CON 124.6 (1200–0330Z ‡)
R MINNEAPOLIS CENTER APP/DEP CON 124.1 (0330–1200Z ‡)
SIOUX CITY TOWER 118.7 (1200–0330Z ‡) GND CON 121.9
AIRSPACE: CLASS D svc 1200–0330Z ‡ other times CLASS E.
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE SUX.
SIOUX CITY (L) VORTAC 116.5 SUX Chan 112 N42 °20.67 W96°19.42 313° 4.4 NM to fld. 1087/9E.
HIWAS.
NDB (MHW) 233 GAK N42 °24.49 W96°23.16 at fld.
SALIX NDB (MHW/LOM) 414 SU N42 °19.65 W96°17.43 311° 6.1 NM to fld. Unmonitored.
TOMMI NDB (MHW/LOM) 305 OI N42 °27.61 W96°27.73 128° 4.9 NM to fld. Unmonitored.
ILS 109.3 I–SUX Rwy 31 Class IT. LOM SALIX NDB. ILS Unmonitored when twr clsd. Glide path
unusable coupled approach (CPD) blo 1805 .
ILS 111.3 I–OIQ Rwy 13 LOM TOMMI NDB. Localizer shutdown when twr clsd.
ASR (1200–0330Z‡)
2-76
Appendix 2
2-77
Appendix 2
216 COLORADO
CRAWFORD (99V) 2 W UTC 7( 6DT) N38 °42.25 W107°38.62 DENVER
6470 S2 OX 4 TPA—7470(1000) NOTAM FILE DEN L–9E
RWY 07–25: H4900X20 (ASPH) LIRL (NSTD)
RWY 07: VASI (NSTD). Trees. RWY 25: VASI (NSTD) Tank. Rgt tfc.
RWY E–W: 2500X125 (TURF)
RWY E: Rgt tfc. RWY W: Trees.
AIRPORT REMARKS: Attended continuously. Rwy 07–25 west 1300 only 25 wide. Heavy glider ops at arpt. Land to the
east tkf to the west winds permitting. 100LL fuel avbl for emergency use only. Pedestrians, motor vehicles, deer
and wildlife on and invof arpt. Unlimited vehicle use on arpt. Rwy West has +15 building 170 from thld 30 left,
+10 road 100 from thld centerline. +45 tree 100 L of Rwy 07 extended centerline 414 from rwy end. 8 to
20 terrain off both sides of first 674 of Rwy 25 end. E–W rwy occasionally has 6 inch diameter irrigation
pipes crossing rwy width in various places. Rwy 07 has 20 trees and –10 to 20 terrain 20 right of rwy first
150 . E–W rwy consists of +12 inch alfalfa vegetation during various times of the year. Arpt lgts opr
dusk–0800Z‡. Rwy 07 1 box VASI left side for local operators only or PPR call 970–921–7700 or
970–921–3018. Rwy 07–25 LIRL on N side from Rwy 25 end W 3800 . Rwy 07 1300 from end E 300 . No thld
lgts Rwy 07–25 3800 usable for ngt ops.
COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF/UNICOM 122.8
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE MTJ.
MONTROSE (H) VORW/DME 117.1 MTJ Chan 118 N38 °30.39 W107°53.96 033° 16.9 NM to fld. 5713/12E.
CREEDE
MINERAL CO MEM (C24) 2E UTC 7( 6DT) N37 °49.33 W106°55.79 DENVER
8680 NOTAM FILE DEN H–3E, L–9E
RWY 07–25: H6880X60 (ASPH) S–12.5, D–70, 2D–110
RWY 07: Thld dsplcd 188 . RWY 25: Road.
AIRPORT REMARKS: Unattended. Elk and deer on and invof arpt. Glider and hang glider activity on and in vicinity of
arpt. Mountains in all directions. Departure to NE avoid over flight of trailers and resident homes, climb to 200
above ground level on centerline extended prior to turn. Acft stay to right of valley on apch and/or departure
route. 2 cable fence around apron.
COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF 122.9
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE DEN.
BLUE MESA (H) VORW/DME 114.9 HBU Chan 96 N38 °27.13 W107°02.39 158° 38.1 NM to fld. 8730/14E.
DEL NORTE
ASTRONAUT KENT ROMINGER (8V1) 3N UTC 7( 6DT) N37 °42.83 W106°21.11 DENVER
7949 NOTAM FILE DEN H–3E, L–9E
RWY 06–24: 6050X75 (ASPH) 1.1% up SW
RWY 03–21: 4670X60 (TURF–DIRT)
RWY 21: Mountain.
AIRPORT REMARKS: Unattended. Wildlife on and invof arpt. Unlimited vehicle access on arpt. Mountainous terrain
surrounds arpt in all directions.
COMMUNICATIONS: CTAF 122.9
RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION: NOTAM FILE ALS.
ALAMOSA (H) VORTACW 113.9 ALS Chan 86 N37 °20.95 W105°48.93 298° 33.7 NM to fld. 7535/13E.
2-78
1 2 3
9 0 I 9 0 I 9 0
CA
I
LIB
R
20 TO ATE
,00 D
8 CALIBRATED
ALT 2
29.4
8 CALIBRATE
TO
D ALT 2
29.4
8 0F
EE
2
29.4
TO T
29.5 20,000 FEET 29.5 29.5
AL
20,000 FEET T
29.6 29.6 29.6
2-79
7 3 7 3 7 3
6 6 6