Task 3: Essay

EDUC1113 Introduction to ICT for

Teachers

Ruby Mavrick
32009890
Contents
Americal American Psychological Association Style Sample..................................... 2

Discussion ................................................................................................................ 2

Examples .................................................................................................................. 2

Format ...................................................................................................................... 3

Summary .................................................................................................................. 4

References ................................................................................................................ 5
Task 3 Essay

American Psychological Association Style Sample

The American Psychological Association (APA) style is primarily used in the social

science disciplines. It is formatted like Modern Language Association (MLA), and

shows many similarities, but is unique in several key points. This paper discusses the

APA in detail.

Discussion

APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than

indicating the author's name and page number, APA includes author's name and

date of publication. The page number, represented with a p. or a pp., is only added

to the citation when using a direct quote (not a summary or paraphrase). If the

author's name is mentioned in the sentence, then place the date of publication in

parentheses directly after the name. If the name is not mentioned include the

author's name and date in parentheses at the end of the source material. And, if

you use a direct quote, place the page number after the publication date within the

parentheses.

Examples

Note the difference between the following three examples:

Terrence (1999) has presented poignant examples from 150 interviews. However,

it has been pointed out that the research was conducted in a selective, highly

biased, way (Strong & Porter, 1998). All of the interviewees have been called

“exceptions to the norm” (Strong & Porter, 1998, p. 5).

EDUC 1113 Ruby Mavrick 32009890

Task 3 Essay

Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the

second example paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence, and the

third example provides a direct quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but

also does not identify the authors within the sentence. If the authors were

identified within the sentence in the third example, the authors' names would be

followed by the year of publication and only the page numbers would be in the

parentheses at the end of the quote.

Format

Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls

the Reference page. You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA

Works Cited format. With APA you include the initial of the author's first name

rather than the complete name, the publication date immediately follows the

author's name in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with

quotation marks. The lists are still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in

the absence of an author) and the first line is flush left while subsequent lines in

the same entry are indented in (approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good

resource to help you with referencing is Notre Dame’s referencing guide at

http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box-3040351. There is also a

summary downloadable help document available at:

http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459. In APA Style, you include a

reference list rather than a bibliography with your paper (APA, 2017). A reference

list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper whereas a bibliography may

include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as well as an

annotated description of each one.

EDUC 1113 Ruby Mavrick 32009890

Task 3 Essay

Summary

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA 6th

referencing style for all written documents. In addition to in text referencing and

the reference list there are a number of formatting requirements to ensure your

essay complies with APA standards. Get to know the APA 6th.

EDUC 1113 Ruby Mavrick 32009890

Task 3 Essay

References

APA.Bibliography versus reference list. Retrieved

from http://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-guide-on-references.aspx#Bibliography

Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS

Medicine, 10(12), e1001574.

Flack, Z. M., Field, A. P., & Horst, J. S. (2018). The effects of shared storybook reading

on word learning: A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 54(7), 1334-1346.

doi:10.1037/dev0000512

Hosny, M., & Fatima, S. (2014). Attitude of students towards cheating and plagiarism:

University case study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(8), 748-757.

doi:10.3923/jas.2014.748.757

Strong, R. L., Porter, M. (1998). Grammatical combinations. In In S. Parker & K. Gibson

(Ed.), Language and literacy (pp. 540-578). Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.

Terrence, H. S. (2007, , November 1). Student success in community colleges. The

West Australian, pp. 6-7.

EDUC 1113 Ruby Mavrick 32009890