DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work embodied in this report is the result of the original research

and has not been submitted for a higher degree to any universities or institutions.

______________________

Student

Name:

Date:

I certify that the report of this final year project entitled “Deternination Of Antioxidant And

Total Protein Content of Pamocea Insularum’s Slime” Nur Diyana Binti Hamdan, matric

number F14A0231 has been examined and all the correction recommended by examiners

have been done for the degree of Bachelor of Applied Science (Agriculture Technology) with

Honours,

Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan.

Approved by:

___________________

Supervisor

Name:

Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Assalamualaikum and have a good day. First of all I would like to express my sincere

gratitude to Allah S.W.T the Almighty because I was gave changes and His immeasurable

greatness to complete this research.

I also would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Shamsul Mohammad

who gave me guidance, support and encouragement to make this research possible. Thank

you with all the knowledge and laboratory skills that you have teaches me. He helped me

from initial until final stage of this research and guide me how to runs and set up the

experiments.

Secondly, I would like to express my appreciation to laboratory assistants Mr. Suhaimi

and Mrs. Sha who always give me the advices and right way to use instruments in the

laboratory. Some of also have to stay after their work shift to let me finish my research.

Also, my greatest unlimited appreciation goes to my parents, En. Hamdan bin Harun

and Mrs. Che Jarah binti Che Mat because of their unlimited support and encouragement to

complete this research. They are the one makes me felt never give up in my learning

process at UMK.

I also would like to express my thankfulness all my SBP’s friends for their best out of

the best co-operations when I in need, inspirations and support to complete this research.

They spend time a lot if I need some explanations and confuse my research even late night.

They saw all my ups and down during research until I finish my final year project.

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 Abstract

Pamocea insularum commonly known for bring negatives impact on aquatic ecosystems
especially for agricultural industry. Hence, instead of using pesticides to get rid of this
undiscovered value based product, why not it is used as a source of income and additional
revenue source to the farmers. This report is included the extraction method to get the slime
from the Pamocea insularum snail and determination of its properties content in the slime.
The properties that will be checked in the snail’s slime is antioxidant activity by using 1,1-
Dyphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and total protein content using Bradford assay in
Pamocea insularum.

Keywords: Pamocea insularum, 1,1-Dyphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), antioxidant

activity, slime, Bradford assay

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 Abstrak

Pamocea insularum dikenali dengan sebagai haiwan yang membawa impak negative
terhadap ekosistem akuatik terutamanya terhadap industri agrikultur. Oleh itu, daripada
menggunakan racun perosak untuk menghapuskan produk nilai yang belum diterokai, tidak
salah sekiranya ia digunakan sebagai sumber pendapatan dan sumber nilai sumber
tambahan kepada aetani yang menanggung kerugian. Laporan ini akan membincangkan
tentang pengekstrakan untuk mendapatkan lendir daripada siput Pamocea insularum dan
penentuan sifat kandungan di dalam lendir. Sifatnya akan ditentukan adalah antioksidan
aktiviti menggunakan 1,1-Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan keseluruhan kandungan
protein mnggunakan Bradford assei dalam Pamocea insularum.

Katakunci: Pmanocea insularum, 1-1-Dyphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), antioxidant activity,

slime, Bradford assay

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 TABLES OF CONTENT:

PAGE

DECLARATION i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

ABSTRACT iii

ABSTRAK iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF TABLES vi

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Research background 1-3

1.2 Problem statement 3

1.3 Objectives 3

1.4 Scope of study 3

1.5 Significance of study 3

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

2.1 Cosmetic and cosmetic ingredients 4-5

2.2 Economy and Entrepreneurship 6

2.3 Heliculture 6-7

2.4 Natural source of cosmetic ingredients 7

2.3.1 Plants 8

2.3.2 Marine life 9

2..5 Microoragnisms 10

2.6 Mucus from snails 10

2.4 Pamocea Insularum 11

2.4.1 Morphology 12

2.4.2 Habitat 13

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 2.4.3 Feeding, Growth and Reproduction 14

2.7 Economy value 14-15

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1 Materials and reagent 16

3.2 Apparatus 16

3.3 Methods 16

3.3. 1 Rearing of Pamocea insularum 16

3.2.2 Extraction of slime from life Pamocea insularum 17

3.2.3 Determination of antioxidant activity 17

3.2.3.1 DPPH assay 18

3.2.4 Determination of total protein content 19

3.2.4.2 Bradford assay 19

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS

4.1 Determination of antioxidant using DPPH Radical Scavenging 20-21

Activity

4.2 Determination of total protein content using Bradford Assay 22-23

CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION 24-27

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 28-29

CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES 30-32

CHAPTER 8 APPENDICES 33-35

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 LIST OF GRAPH

No. PAGE

1.0 Scavenging effect (%) of ascorbic acid 21

2.0 Scavenging effect (%) of slime of Pamocea insularum 21

3.0 Standard curve of ascorbic acid 22

4.0 Standard curve of Slime of Pamocea insularum 23

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