Study The Removal of Co II Ion From Aque PDF

IJPAS Vol.
03 Issue-08, (August, 2016) ISSN: 2394-5710

International Journal in Physical & Applied Sciences (Impact Factor- 3.960)
Study the removal of Co (II) ion from aqueous solution by using poly acrylamide
Ghassan Jabbar Shadahan
Department of chemistry, College of Science,Wasit university,Kut,Wasit,Iraq
ABSTRACT
Removal of Co (II) ions from its aqueous solution were performed by using poly acrylamide. The
operating variables effecting: time of contact, operating temperature, and pH of the medium
have been studied; the results showed the maximum adsorption rate was 199.79mg/gm.
Thermodynamic properties enthalpy, entropy, and free energy investigated indicated that the
removal of Co(II) on active sites of the polymer are spontaneous, exothermic, and positive values
of entropy indicated there were a large surface area available of adsorption at temperature range
of 273-313 K, using 400 ppm aqueous solution of Co(II) ion and 0.05gm of polymer dose in all
experiments.
Keywords: - Co (II) ion, Poly acrylamide, Adsorption
1 . INTRODUCTION
Water pollution become the biggest challenge must counter it since it effect on human health,
environment, agriculture, and biodiversity of aquatic , which required a treatment in order to
eliminate all heavy metals and chemical materials within waste water with toxic nature in order to
recycled it for different purposes which agree international standards . Large numbers of adsorbent
material have been employed to remove ions of heavy metals ( Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Fe, Zn, Cr, As, Ag ) to
permitted limit since its efficient and effective .These polluents oftenly present within waste water
of chemical industries such as electroplating, battery pesticide, insecticide, metallurgical industries
which influence negatively on human and causes disorder of nervous system , brain and kidney
damage and cancer (1-5), some heavy metal ions are strongly toxic even at low concentration of
0.001-0.1 ppm of Hg and Cd ( 6-7).
There are different kind of industrial process employed for metal ions removal are ion exchange,
adsorption, and other processes. However industrially adsorption is more favorable for its
effectiveness in metal ions removal (8). Recently low price adsorption material have been used for
elimination of heavy metal ions, coal (9), fly ash(10-12), activated clay(13), palm fruit bunch(14), rice
husk(15), coconut shell(16), peat(17,18), activated carbon(19), sawdust(20), lignin(21).
2 . EXPERIMENTAL
In the present work all the chemical material used was analytical and reagent grade from Aldrich
Chemicals Company. Aqueous solution of Co(II) ion were freshly prepared from Cobalt Chloride salt
with deionnised water. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique was employed to detect
the Co(II) concentration in the remained solution after certain condition.
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IJPAS Vol.03 Issue-08, (August, 2016) ISSN: 2394-5710
Adsorption process took place in a batch process, were 0.05 gm of poly acrylamide was stirred with
25 ml of Co(II) ion aqueous solution continuously at room temperature for different time of contacts
(4,8,24,48) hours and at different process temperature (273,288,298,313) K and different pH
(5,7,9,12).
The remain aqueous solution was separated from polymer by filtration by using vacuum pump, then
the concentration of Co(II) was measured in order to find out the percentage of removal.
The amount of adsorbed then estimated by the following relationship (22):
Qe = ( Co – Ce ) Vsol / M --------(1)
Where Qe is the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent at equilibrium (mg/g), C o and Ce are initial
concentration and the equilibrium concentration of Co (II) ion in aqueous solution (ppm)
respectively, Vsol is the volume of Co (II) ion in aqueous solution (L), and M represents weight of the
adsorbent (gm).
3 . RESULTS AND DISCUSION
3.1 . EFFECT OF CONTACT TIME
Effect of contact time of Co(II) ions removal has been studied by variation of time (4 to 48) hours at
constant initial concentration (400 ppm). The results are shown in Table (1), and Figure (1)
Table (1) Results obtained at various time of contact
Remained Co(II) Capacity Qe ,

Time, hour Removal Co(II) ion, ppm % Removal
ion, ppm (mg/gm)
4 35.41 364.59 91.14 182.29
8 27.69 372.31 93.07 186.15
24 26.51 373.49 93.37 186.74
48 25.57 374.43 93.60 187.21
94
% Removal 93
92
91
90
0 10 20 30 40 50
Contact time , hr.
Fig (1) Effect of contact time variation on Co(II) ion removal from aqueous solution
It can be seen from Fig (1) the percentage of removal reached the equilibrium at time 4 hr. However
it can be seen percentage of removal become stable after increasing time more than 4 hr. , therefore
it can be concluded that 4 hr. is ideal time for removal Co(II) ions from its aqueous solution
effectively since active sites are largely available for adsorption at beginning, therefore it can
considered 4 hr suitable from economical aspect when using this type of polymer in the industry. .
3.2 . EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
In order to study the thermodynamic properties of adsorption, the process performed at different
temperatures of (273,288,298,313 K). Results indicated adsorption process is a function of
temperature. Table (2) shows results obtained at various temperature which reveals adsorption
rates decreases with increasing of temperature, however which indicates that adsorption is
exothermic process (23) as shown in Figure (2), however temperature of 298 K can be considered an
optimum temperature with 91.14% of removal from economic view.
Table (2) Results obtained at various adsorption temperatures
Adsorption Remained Co(II) Removal Co(II) ion, % Removal Capacity Qe ,

temperature, K ion, ppm ppm (mg/gm)
273 25.76 374.24 93.56 187.12
288 30.11 369.89 92.47 184.94
298 35.41 364.59 91.14 182.29
313 52.63 347.37 86.84 173.68
100
95
% Removal
90
85
80
270 280 290 300 310
Temperature, K
Fig (2) Effect of adsorption temperature on Co(II) ion removal from aqueous solution
3.3 . EFFECT OF pH OF EQUEOUS SOLUTION
Effect of pH of aqueous solution have been investigated at different values of 5, 7, 9, 12 to obtain

further information of the removal process, 25 ml of aqueous solution of Cobalt Chloride and 0.05
gm of polymer used again at temperature of 298 K the solution left 4 hr then the remaining Co(II)
solution concentration was determined . Table (3) shows the experimental results obtained,
however these results showed that optimum pH for adsorption is 5 – 7
Figure (3) shows that percent removal of metal ion was lower at low pH, while percent removal
increases with increasing of pH. This phenomena attributed to more protons at lower pH are
available which attacks the amino group of the polymer consequently the attraction forces between
Co(II) ions and these functional groups will decreases. While with increasing pH of the solution this
functional group become more active therefore the attraction force increases between metal ions
and amino groups (23).
Table (3) Results obtained at different pH of aqueous solution
pH value Remained Co(II) ion, Removal Co(II) % Removal Capacity Qe ,

ppm ion, ppm (mg/gm)
5 37.12 362.88 90.72 181.44
7 33.46 366.54 91.63 183.27
9 17.34 382.66 95.66 191.33
12 0.41 399.59 99.89 199.79
100
98
% Removal
96
94
92
90
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
pH
Fig (3) Effect pH of aqueous solution on percent removal of Co(II) ion
3.4 . TERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
These properties for Co (II) ion removal by adsorption on poly acryl amide can be estimated by using
the following relationships (22):
Kc = Q e / C e -------- (2)
Ln Kc = So / R - Ho / RT ------- (3)
Go = Ho – T So ------- (4)
Where R is gas constant, T is absolute temperature, and Kc is thermodynamic equilibrium constant.

Thermodynamic properties can be estimated by plotting Ln Kc vs. 1/T with the accuracy R2 = 0.922.
The value of enthalpy of adsorption can be calculated from the slope and entropy from the
intercept.
Enthalpy of adsorption, ΔHads is estimated to be -13.744 Kj/mol; this indicates the adsorption is
exothermic process, while the positive value of entropy of adsorption ΔS which refers to the
increased the randomness at the boundary rejoins of solid and liquid during the removal (23). Table
(4) shows the thermodynamic properties and Figure (4) shows the plot of Ln Kc vs. 1/T.
Table (4) the estimated thermodynamic properties of adsorption
Temperature, K Free energy, ΔG, Kj/mol Entropy, ΔS, Kj/mol.K
273 -4.499 0.486
288 -4.346 0.462
298 -4.059 0.447
313 -3.106 0.429
2.2
2.0
1.8
Ln Kc
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 0.0036 0.0037
1/T , K
Fig (4) A plot of Ln Ke vs. 1/T
From table (4) shows the negative values of free energy which indicates that the process is
spontaneous
4 . CONCULSIONS
The present study showed that poly acrylamide very effective in removal of Co (II) ions from
aqueous solution. The results showed that the removal percent of ions decreases with increasing
temperature and thermodynamic properties i.e., enthalpy, entropy, free energy found that the
process of adsorption is feasible, and the adsorption is exothermic, spontaneous, and the positive
sign of entropy indicates a large randomness of the system. pH of aqueous solution found to be
affection the removal of ions of Co(II), and the contact time effect considerably the adsorption rate.
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IJPAS Vol.

03 Issue-08, (August, 2016) ISSN: 2394-5710

Ghassan Jabbar Shadahan

Department of chemistry, College of Science,Wasit university,Kut,Wasit,Iraq

Keywords: - Co (II) ion, Poly acrylamide, Adsorption

The amount of adsorbed then estimated by the following relationship (22):

3 . RESULTS AND DISCUSION

3.1 . EFFECT OF CONTACT TIME

Table (1) Results obtained at various time of contact

Remained Co(II) Capacity Qe ,

4 35.41 364.59 91.14 182.29

8 27.69 372.31 93.07 186.15

24 26.51 373.49 93.37 186.74

48 25.57 374.43 93.60 187.21

3.2 . EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE

Table (2) Results obtained at various adsorption temperatures

Adsorption Remained Co(II) Removal Co(II) ion, % Removal Capacity Qe ,

273 25.76 374.24 93.56 187.12

288 30.11 369.89 92.47 184.94

298 35.41 364.59 91.14 182.29

313 52.63 347.37 86.84 173.68

3.3 . EFFECT OF pH OF EQUEOUS SOLUTION

Effect of pH of aqueous solution have been investigated at different values of 5, 7, 9, 12 to obtain

Table (3) Results obtained at different pH of aqueous solution

pH value Remained Co(II) ion, Removal Co(II) % Removal Capacity Qe ,

5 37.12 362.88 90.72 181.44

7 33.46 366.54 91.63 183.27

9 17.34 382.66 95.66 191.33

12 0.41 399.59 99.89 199.79

Fig (3) Effect pH of aqueous solution on percent removal of Co(II) ion

3.4 . TERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

Where R is gas constant, T is absolute temperature, and Kc is thermodynamic equilibrium constant.

Table (4) the estimated thermodynamic properties of adsorption

Temperature, K Free energy, ΔG, Kj/mol Entropy, ΔS, Kj/mol.K

273 -4.499 0.486

288 -4.346 0.462

298 -4.059 0.447

313 -3.106 0.429

Fig (4) A plot of Ln Ke vs. 1/T

*14+ Wu F. C. , Tseng R. L.,Juang R. S.,(2001),”Kinetic of colour removal by adsorption from water

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