Professional Documents
Culture Documents
the hyperbola
in accordo con il
Ministero dell’Istruzione, Università, Ricerca
e sulla base delle
Politiche Linguistiche della Commissione Europea
teacher
Rosanna Biffi
the hyperbola
Indice Modulo
Strategies - Before
• Prerequisites
• Linking to Previous Knowledge and Predicting con questionari basati su
stimoli relativi alle conoscenze pregresse e alle ipotesi riguardanti i contenuti
da affrontare
• Italian/English Glossary
Strategies – During
Strategies - After
• Esercizi:
Multiple Choice
Matching
True or False
Cloze
Flow Chart
Think and Discuss
Answer Sheets
2
the hyperbola
Strategies Before
Prerequisites
Hyperbola
3
the hyperbola
Strategies Before
Linking to Previous Knowledge and Predicting
4
the hyperbola
Strategies Before
Italian/English Glossary
Allineato Aligned
Antiorario Counterclockwise
Ascissa Abscissa
Asintoto Asymptote
Attraversare To cross
Centro Centre
Coordinata Coordinate
Curva Curve
Denominatore Denominator
Diagonale Diagonal
Eccentricità Eccentricity
Ellisse Ellipse
Equilatera Equilateral
Falda Fold
Formula Formula
5
the hyperbola
Grafico Graph
Immaginario Imaginary
Infinito Endless
Iperbole Hyperbola
Iperboloide Hyperboloid
Legge Law
Lunghezza Length
Nullo Null
Orario Clockwise
Ordinata Ordinate
Orizzontale Horizontal
Parabola Parabola
Perpendicolare Perpendicular
Rami Branches
Rapporto Ratio
Relazione Relation
Rettangolo Rectangle
Sostituzione Substitution
Tangente Tangent
Termine Term
6
the hyperbola
Strategies During
Keywords
2) Completion:
________________________________________________________________
transverse-axis, eccentricity, foci, 2b, asymptotes, equilateral, conic section,
conjugate-axis, 2a, focal length
7
the hyperbola
5
Strategies During
Conceptual Map
Complete the conceptual map using the following words and relations:
forming 2 branches
b2x2-a2y2=a2b2 with both halves of e>1 b2x2+a2y2=a2b2
the cone
b>a
0<e<1
x2+y2=r2
2 2 2 2 2 2
b x +a y =a b
a>b
b2x2-a2y2=-a2b2
forming an angle
with the base
plane of the cone
8
the hyperbola
Conic
sections
parabola
circle hyperbola ellipse
perpendicular
to the cone
axis
x-axis
eccentricity
or
e=0
y-axis
9
the hyperbola
Strategies After
Multiple Choice
a. (0,-2) (0,2)
b. (-3,0) (3,0)
c. (-2,0) (2,0)
d. (0,-3) (0,3)
2) What is the equation of the focal axis of the hyperbola x2 - 16y2 = -144?
a. y=0
b. x=0
c. y= 13
d. y=2 13
a. 0.93
b. 1.07
c. 2.7
d. 0.38
a. equilateral hyperbola
b. horizontal hyperbola
c. vertical hyperbola
d. none of these
a. 4
b. 1.1
c. -4
d. none of these
a. y=±8x
b. x=±8y
c. x=0 v y=0
d. y=±6x
10
the hyperbola
7) What is the length of the semi conjugate axis of the hyperbola 35x2 - y2 =140?
a. 35
b. 2
c. 4
d. 2 35
a. ( ± 17 ,0)
b. (0, ± 17)
c. (0, ± 17 )
d. ( ± 17 ,0)
a. (-5,0) (5,0)
b. do not exist
c. (0,-5) (0,5)
d. (0,-25) (0,25)
11
the hyperbola
Strategies After
Matching
Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right:
12
the hyperbola
Strategies After
True or False
x2 y2
5. The equation + = 1 represents a hyperbola for
k −1 k−2
T F
1<k<2.
13
the hyperbola
Strategies After
Cloze
The hyperbola is an open curve with 2 ............ [1], the intersection of a plane,
with both........ [2] of a double-cone.
In a cartesian plane:
the hyperbola is the geometric locus of points......... [3] which moves so that, the
......... [4] between the ............ [5] from P to two fixed points, called foci, is a
constant.
If the hyperbola is horizontal, the x-intercept are called ........... [6].
The segment whose endpoints are the vertexes is called ..... ..... [7].
The distance between the two foci is called ..... ..... [8].
The midpoint of the transverse axis is the.......... [9] of the hyperbola.
The conjugate axis is the segment passing the centre and.......... [10] to the
transverse axis.
If the 2 foci are vertically aligned, the............axis [11] is on the x-axis.
The asymptotes of the hyperbola are endless.........lines [12] passing the origin.
The eccentricity of a hyperbola is the ratio of the......... length [13] to the
measure of the transverse axis.
14
the hyperbola
10
Strategies After
Flow Chart
start
hyperbola,
eccentricity input
false true
e>0
output output
end
15
the hyperbola
11
Strategies After
Think and Discuss
The following activity can be performed in a written or oral form. The teacher
will choose the modality, depending on the ability (writing or speaking) that
needs to be developed.
The contexts in which the task will be presented to the students are:
• The hyperbola eccentricity and the comparison with the one of the other
conics
• The hyperbola in architecture
• The Boyle’s law
3) If the written activity is the modality chosen by the teacher, the student
should provide a written article, indicating the target of readers to whom the
article is addressed and the type of magazine / newspaper / school magazine
where the article would be published.
4) If the oral activity is the modality chosen by the teacher, the student should
present his point of view on the topics to the whole class and a debate could
start at the end of his presentation.
16
the hyperbola
12
Strategies After
Summary
A hyperbola is an open curve with two branches, the intersection of a plane with
both halves of a double cone. The hyperbola belongs to a family of curve
including parabolas, ellipses, circles.
The hyperbola is the geometric locus of points P which moves so that, the
difference between the distances from P to 2 fixed points, called foci, is a
constant, that is | PF1- PF2 | = 2a
The transverse axis is the segment whose endpoints are the vertexes of the
hyperbola. Its measure is 2a.
The line passing the centre and perpendicular to the transverse axis is the
conjugate axis.
The centre of the hyperbola is the midpoint of the segment connecting the foci
or the vertexes.
It is a symmetry point for this curve. The coordinate axes are symmetry axes.
The points of ordinates –b and b are imaginary y-intercepts.
In fact, the hyperbola doesn’t have inner points at the band delimited by the
vertical lines x = - a and x = a, then the curve is formed by 2 branches or
arms.
The positive number “b” is called measure of the conjugate semi-axis.
The horizontal lines passing the ordinates – b and b, with the vertical lines
passing the abscissas - a and a , form a rectangle whose sides measure 2a and
2b.
The lines that contain the diagonals of the rectangle are the asymptotes of the
hyperbola.
These asymptotes pass the origin and their equations are of type y = mx.
17
the hyperbola
If the 2 foci are vertically aligned, the x-term is negative and the equation of the
x2 y2
hyperbola becomes as follows: − = −1
a2 b 2
In this case the transverse axis is on the y-axis and its length is 2b.
We define eccentricity of the hyperbola, the ratio of the focal length to the
measure of the transverse axis. This ratio is denoted by “e”, that is e = c/b.
In this case the number “e” is always greater than 1 and defines the hyperbola
opening.
The more the number “e” is over 1, that is the foci move away from the
vertexes, the more the hyperbola opens.
If a=b, the measure of the conjugate and transverse axes is the same, in this
case the curve is called equilateral hyperbola.
If we turn this curve 45° around the centre, counterclockwise or clockwise, the
asymptotes coincide with the coordinate axes and the equation becomes xy=k,
where k ≠ 0. It is an equilateral hyperbola referred to the asymptotes.
We find the graph of this curve in the Boyle’s law: “ For a fixed mass of gas, at
constant temperature, the pressure and the volume are inversely proportional,
that is PV = k”.
By changing the slope of the torch, the projection of the light takes, in turn, the
form of a circle, an ellipse, a parabola or a hyperbola.
18
the hyperbola
19
the hyperbola
Web References
An interactive math dictionary with many math words, math terms, math
formulas, pictures, diagrams, tables, and examples
http://mathworld.wolfram.com
http://www.mathwords.com
Encyclopedia of mathematics
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/279494/hyperbola
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyle%27s_law
Website designed to provide parents and classroom teachers with the means to
better employ visual imagery.
http://www.visualmathlearning.com
20
the hyperbola
13
a) Write the equation of the hyperbola, relative to the center and axes, passing
through the points A( 4 2 ,3) and B(- 4 3 ,3 2 ), with the foci on the x-axis.
Verify, with the calculation, that a hyperbola with the foci on y-axis, passing
trough A and B, doesn’t exist .
b) Write the equation of the hyperbola, knowing that the foci are in the points
1
( ± 5 ,0) and the asymptotes are the lines y= ± x.
2
c) The vertexes of an hyperbola are ( ± 4 ,0), the foci are ( ± 41 ,0); find its
equation.
d) Given the hyperbola x² - 3y² = 3, determine k so that the line y= kx+1 results
tangent to the curve.
e) A ABCD square, with the sides parallel to the coordinate axes, has its vertexes
on the hyperbola 9x2-y2=9. How does the area of the square measure?
f) From the point P(0,-1), conduct the tangent lines to the hyperbola 5x2-3y2=15.
g) Find the intersections of the hyperbola 16x2-25y2=400 with the circle centred at
the origin and radius equal to 8 10 .
21
the hyperbola
Answer Sheets
Keywords:
2) conic section, foci, transverse axis, conjugate axis, eccentricity, focal length, 2a,
2b, asympotes, equilateral
22
the hyperbola
Conceptual Map:
Conic
sections
parabola
circle hyperbola ellipse
x-axis
e=0 0<e<1
y-axis
e>1
b2x2-a2y2=-a2b2 b2x2+a2y2=a2b2
b>a
23
the hyperbola
Multiple Choice:
Matching:
True or False:
1F, 2F, 3F, 4T, 5T, 6F, 7F, 8F, 9T, 10T
Cloze:
[1] branches [2] halves [3] P [4] difference [5] distances [6] vertexes
[7] transverse axis [8] focal length [9] centre [10] perpendicular [11] conjugate
24
the hyperbola
Flow Chart:
start
hyperbola,
input
eccentricity
false true
e>0
end
25
the hyperbola
a. 9x2-16y2=144
b. x2-4y2=20
c. 25x2-16y2=400
2
d. k= ±
3
9
e.
2
f. y= ± 2x − 1
g. ( ± 20,4 15 ); ( ± 20,-4 15 )
26