Media Convergence

Internet and Web

Submitted To
Sir.Junaid Ghauri

Submitted By
Mohsin Raza(078)
M. Adil(102)
M. Qasim(082)

15/5/19
 The Future of Media
Two thousand communications satellites are circling the globe. They provide
instantaneous worldwide telephone service, direct home and car reception of
audio and video, and incredibly fast and expanded access to the Internet and the
World Wide Web. Back on earth, turn-of-the-twenty-first-century media
consumers are increasingly signing on for direct satellite or fiber optic–delivered
television, rushing to buy large-screen plasma HDTV sets, setting up elaborate
home theater systems, and growing more dependent on the services offered via
an expanding array of appliances accessing the Internet.
The Internet has
emerged as an essential worldwide medium. English speakers account for 27.6
percent of all net users, and this proportion will drop while the proportion of
Chinese speakers—currently 22.1 percent—will rise (Internet World Stats,
2009). The net’s future is impossible to predict, since it has such flexibility to
develop in so many ways. It operates as a hub for the development of a variety of
services easily shared within or across ethnic, national, linguistic, and cultural
boundaries. Its influence is increasingly reinforced by a growing range of new
software and hardware allowing Internet-based content to be more easily created,
accessed, stored, and shared by individuals and groups located anywhere in the
world.
Hope for a New World Order that would minimize armed conflict has faded.
Technologies like the Internet and cell phones, seemingly beneficial to us all, are
used effectively by terrorist groups to organize their opposition to the countries
both inside and outside its borders. The Internet provides global access to a
common set of journals, and these journals publish articles written by scholars
located around the world. Cross-national and international research projects are
increasingly common.

The Internet
The internet is a network of systems.think of it as a system that combines
computers from all over the world into one big computer that you can operate
from your own PC.Some computers are run by Government,some are run by
universities,some are run by school etc.
The internet’s seemingly chaotic structure arose from its somewhat fractured
history.
History of Internet
Back in 1970’s US department of defense was concerned about the vulnerability
of its computer network to nuclear attack.consequently,defense computer
experts decentralized the whole system by creating an interconnected web of
computer networks.The net was designed so that every computer could talk to
every other computer,information was bundled in a packet called an internet
protocol packet,which contains the destination address of the target
computer.thus,if one portion of network is disabled,the rest of network could still
function.the system that pentagon eventually developed is called ARPANET.
Companies developed softwares that enabled computers to be linked to the local
area networks (lan) that also contained the internet protocol programs.in the late
1980’snational science foundation whose own network was connected to the net
created supercomputing centers at U.S universitiesthis meant they have to be
shared and interconnected.instead the nat5ional science foundation built its own
system using internet protocol and hooked together the chins of regional networks
that were eventually linked to a supercomputer.thus the internet or net was born.

History of World Wide Web

The internet was still used by small fraction of computer owners. Three
developments contributed to the meteoric rise in the internet’s popularity.
The first was the development of world wide web in 1990,engineers working at
a labortarty in swi9tzerland created an interconnected set of computers n the nedt
that all used the same connection programs.this communication programs took
advantage of hypertext,a navigational tool that linked one electronic document
either text or graphies with another thus creating a virtual web of pages.
The second development made it easier for consumers to find what they were
looking for on the web.this happened in 1993 with the creation of user friendly
navigation tool that helped further spur the growth of world wide web.the first of
these browsers are called Mosaic,was able to reterive date,determine what it was
and configure it for display.software giant microsft introduced its own
browser,internet explorer a few years later.The third development was the search
engine,a utility that scans the the internet for the terms selected by the user and
displays all the results according ton the some predetermined criterion.some well
known engines of this age were GOOGLE,ALTA VISTA and EXCITE. These
advances helped users make sense of the internet and turned it into a useful
information tool.
At the end of 2003,more that 200 million host computers were connected to the
net,obvisuosly, the intenet had grown into a powerful mass communication
medium.

World Wide Web

As the web is the part of the internet two terms are not synonymous.The web is
nonlinear.this means that the user can do not have to follow a heirarichal path
from one piece of information to another.A user can jump from the middle of one
document to into the middle of another.
The structure of the web is based on web server, a computer connected to the
internet that facilitate the transfer of hypertext pages.One server can hold
thousand of hypertext pages.A website is a complete set of hypertext pages linked
to each other that contains information about a common topic.A web page is a
hypertext pages that is contained within a website.
The protocols for navigating the web assign each web page a uniform resource
locator (URL) and internet address.
For example see this URL

This means that the page is in the hypertext transfer protocol,the server is linked
to the www the subdomain name is mhhe and the top level domain is co, and
directory name is catalogs,the file name is hssand the specific file is comm.

Online Service Provider

Started back in 1980’s online service providers provide their subscribers with
exclusive information and entertainment as well as access to the internet.As of
2003,there were three major OSP’S

1.AOL AMERICA ONLINE with a 27 milllion subscribers AOL has recently

seen its fortuners wane.its merger with time warner was disappointment and it
continues to lose itssubscribers to the others IP’S that offers more economical
high speed internet connections.many of its users take advantage of free trial
period and quit the service when trial expries.

2. MSN Microsoft Network with more than seven million subscribers.MSN

runs a distant second to AOL,but the gap has been closing over the past two
years.MSN launched a Massive 300 million dollars ad campaign MSN
BUTTERFLY AND MSN PARENTAL CONTROL FEATURE.

3.SBC Yahoo SBC communications acquired osp prodigy in 2001.the next

year SBC stuck a deal with yahoo.to start the new sbc YAHOO! The new service
has a subscriber base of three million.

REFERENCES

The_dynamics_of_mass_communication__media_in_the_digital_age
Mass-Communication-Theory (Stanley J. Barran)