Equal Justice?

Disproportionate Racial and Ethnic Disciplinary

Rates in Capital Region School Districts
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The most recent statistics published by the U.S. Department of Education’s Office for Civil
Rights show that, in a large number of Capital Region school districts, students of color are
disciplined at higher rates—often much higher rates—than white students.

These findings reflect a similar pattern found throughout the United States, in which Black
students are over-represented in suspensions even though research has shown that Black
students are no more likely to misbehave than white students.1

These local disparities appear in all types of school districts: urban, suburban and rural.
The analysis that follows documents this unequal treatment by assembling disciplinary
statistics for 75 school districts in the eight counties covered by the Capital Region Chapter
of the New York Civil Liberties Union (NYCLU): Albany, Columbia, Greene, Rensselaer,
Saratoga, Schenectady, Warren, and Washington.

These data are extracted from the Civil Rights Data Collection (CDRC), released every two
years by the Department of Education.2

The major city school districts in our region—Albany, Troy, Schenectady, Saratoga
Springs—all exhibit higher rates of discipline for minority students than for white students.
According to the federal statistics, for example, the 120 Black students in the Saratoga
Springs school district are 9.31 times more likely to be suspended than the district’s 5,726
white students. Smaller urban districts such as Hudson and Catskill also record higher
rates of discipline for students of color. The demographic make-up of the district does not
appear to make a difference when it comes to disciplining students of color at
disproportionate rates.

Many suburban districts, including those often cited for their “good schools,”
disproportionately discipline students of color. In the Burnt Hills/Ballston Lake district, for
example, the 38 Black students are more than ten times as likely to receive out-of-school
suspensions as the district’s 2,873 white students. Bethlehem, Niskayuna, Queensbury,
East Greenbush, Schalmont and Mohonasen all exhibit suspension rates for their Black
students that are between four and ten times higher than for white students.

Four suburban districts also exhibit disproportionate suspension rates for Latinx students
(referred to in the federal data as Hispanic). North Colonie, Scotia-Glenville, Queensbury
and Ravena-Coeymans-Selkirk are two-and-a-half to seven times more likely to suspend
Latinx students than white students.

1For a review of the literature on this subject, see: Gordon, Nora, “Disproportionality in student discipline:
Connecting policy to research.” Posted online, January 18, 2018 at:
https://www.brookings.edu/research/disproportionality-in-student-discipline-connecting-policy-to-research/

2 Access online at https://ocrdata.ed.gov

Given the segregated nature of our communities, many of the smaller, rural school districts
in the Capital Region have so few minority students that meaningful inferences cannot be
drawn from their statistics. For example, the CRDC reports that only two school districts in
Warren County—Queensbury and Glens Falls—enroll more than 30 Black students and
only one district in Washington County—Hudson Falls—enrolls more than 30 Black
students. This lack of school diversity, in itself, is troubling.

METHODOLOGY

The CRDC data provide a highly granular picture of the state of education across the
country. This database covers the approximately 96,400 public schools and 17,300 public-
school districts in the United States. Every district submits hundreds of data points for its
schools, including such statistics as: access to advanced placement courses, results on
SAT/ACT tests, staff salaries, types of pre-school programs, percentage of first-year
teachers, enrollment demographics and—most importantly for the purposes of this analysis
—disciplinary outcomes disaggregated by race and ethnicity. The statistics upon which this
report is based are drawn from the most recent CRDC, which covers the 2015-2016 period.

We have focused our attention specifically on out-of-school suspensions (OSS), partly

because they occur in such large numbers and are often the default disciplinary tool in
some school districts. During the 2016-2017 school year alone, school districts in New York
state handed out more than 66,000 out-of-school suspensions. Such suspensions are drastic
sanctions in any student’s school career. Studies have shown that suspensions not only fail
to curb disruptive behavior, but also are related to future undesirable outcomes such as
dropping out of school and becoming enmeshed in the criminal justice system.

We did not examine detentions or in-school suspensions, since their severity and duration—
even their definition—may vary from district to district.

HIGHLIGHTS

• Districts with at least 30 or more Black students are, on average, 3.85 times
(median: 3.57) more likely to suspend Black students than white students. Many
districts far exceed the average. As noted above, in the Burnt Hills/Ballston Lake
school district, suspensions are 10.12 times higher for Black students than white
students. In Saratoga Springs, such suspensions are 9.31 times higher; in
Queensbury, 9.28; in Niskayuna, 6.46; in Schuylerville, 5.78; in Guilderland, 4.75,
and in Bethlehem, 4.28. Of the 32 school districts in the Capital Region that
enroll at least 30 Black students, ONLY ONE—South Glens Falls—
suspended white students at a higher rate than Black students.
 • Districts with at least 30 or more Latinx students suspend those students at a rate
1.51 times higher (median:1.49) than white students. Districts with Latinx
suspension rates at least twice as high as those for white students include:
Queensbury, 4.34 times higher; Scotia-Glenville, 3.25; Saratoga Springs, 3.03; North
Colonie, 2.71; Glens Falls, 2.43; Rensselaer, 2.29; Cairo-Durham, 2.11; Guilderland,
2.06. Of the 36 school districts in the Capital Region that enroll at least 30
Latinx students, only seven suspend white students at a higher rate than
Latinx students.

• Students who identify themselves as being of two or more races or ethnicities may
identify and be perceived as students of color and may be the focus of disciplinary
disparities. In the 30 school districts that enroll at least 30 students of two or more
races, such students receive out-of-school suspensions, on average, 2.43 times
(median 2.04) more often than white students. Of the 33 school districts having
at least 30 such students, only two districts—Mohonasen and Glens Falls—
suspend such students at rates lower than white students.

Statistics Without Context Can Be Misleading

Even when a district does not exhibit substantial differences between the rates at which it
suspends students of color compared with white students, it is not always a salutary sign.
Some districts may employ suspensions at high rates for all student groups. In
Schenectady, for example, the suspension ratios of white vs. Black students, white vs.
Latinx students, and white vs. multi-racial students are below the overall averages for the
eight-county Capital Region. Black students are 2.11 times more likely to receive
suspensions than white students; Hispanic students are 1.33 times more likely, and multi-
racial students are 1.37 times more likely. These figures, however, mask the fact that
suspension rates for all Schenectady students are extremely high: 13.69% of the district’s
white students received out-of-school suspensions in the 2015-2016 period; the rate for
Black students was 28.93%, for Hispanic students 18.17% and for multi-racial students
18.70%. In sum, the district’s 9,549 students received 1,723 suspensions.

Schenectady is not alone. Other districts in which white students have comparatively high
OSS rates include Albany, Cohoes, Watervliet, Berkshire, Hudson, Catskill, Lansingburgh,
Troy, Glens Falls and Hudson Falls. In such districts, disciplinary disparities between
students of color and white students may not appear to be as great as they are in other
districts simply because the suspension rates for all classes of students are high.
RECOMMENDATIONS

Merely confronting a problem—while a necessary first step—does not ameliorate it. The
NYCLU has the following recommendations for curtailing suspensions, decreasing racial
disproportionality in school discipline, and curbing the damage that suspensions inflict on
students’ school careers:

■ End Zero Tolerance Discipline

Every student is different and every set of circumstances is different. Blanket zero-
tolerance policies compel principals to issue suspensions as their first and only option when
addressing certain types of behavior. We recommend districts remove zero tolerance
requirements from their Codes of Conduct, ensuring that educators are able to exercise
discretion and kids are able to recover from their mistakes without automatically facing
suspension. Principals and teachers should be trained in proven-effective positive
interventions, which should be attempted before and instead of invoking suspension.

■ Use Positive Alternatives to Suspension when Appropriate

Training in restorative justice, positive behavior interventions, and conflict resolution

should be mandated for all administrators, teachers, parent coordinators and school
resource officers in order to create a culture of trust, support and empathy. Studies have
shown that students who participate in alternatives to punitive discipline, such as conflict
resolution, counseling or restorative practices, are happier and more successful at school.

These strategies work. After inaugurating restorative justice policies targeting suspension,
rates of suspensions for Black and Latino students at Rochester’s East High School dropped
more than 75%.3

Also, students need improved access to guidance counselors, social workers and/or school
psychologists so that valuable interventions can take place both before and after a student
breaks a rule. Currently, there are thousands more law enforcement in our nation’s public
schools than social workers.4 In New York State, there are approximately 350 students to

3 The New York Equity Coalition, “STOLEN TIME: New York schools disproportionately impose out-of-school
suspensions on Black students,” 2018, p.3. Available online at: https://s3-us-east-
2.amazonaws.com/edtrustmain/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/12/09090556/Stolen-Time.pdf

4American Civil Liberties Union, “Cops and No Counselors: How the Lack of School Mental Health Staff Is
Harming Students,” 2019. Available online at: https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/field_document/030419-
acluschooldisciplinereport.pdf
every guidance counselor. Districts should prioritize the hiring of these support
professionals when possible.

■ Protect Students’ Constitutional Rights in Suspension Hearings

In any case when a school feels it has no option other than to impose a suspension, it is
important that students’ rights are honored throughout the process. Students and their
parents often are not aware of these due process rights. This results in significant
violations yielding one-sided hearings, unnecessary “no contest” pleas, missed opportunities
for students to defend themselves, and irregularities in the hearing process such as an
administrator acting as both advocate and witness for the school.

To accommodate parents’ work schedules, districts should allot time during evenings and
weekends for suspension hearings. Too often, students waive their rights to hearings
because their parents are unable to attend.

In addition, school districts should not seek exceptionally long suspension periods, and
should ensure that students receive their school work for credit, and are able to take exams,
while suspended.

■ Increase Transparency Surrounding Discipline and Safety Practices

School districts are not always forthcoming about their disciplinary guidelines or the
number and type of violations for which students are suspended. Such data should always
be accessible and should be provided to the public on a regular basis, as in frequent reports
by the board of education or in district newsletters. The transparent availability of such
statistics—including, for example, the number of suspensions, expulsions, and referrals to
law enforcement, and the frequency of physical restraint--allows for public input on
districts’ disciplinary practices. It also provides a platform for the district to acknowledge
and address racial disparities in discipline.

In addition, districts should ensure that their Codes of Conduct are accessible and
understandable to students and families, including in languages other than English.
Discipline codes should not be vague or subject to interpretation. Students must be on
notice about the types of behaviors that can get them in trouble.

■ Root Out Systemic Implicit Bias

Districts must enact rigorous measures to uncover and ameliorate implicit bias among
administrators, teachers and support staff. “White privilege” can be a real and destructive
force even among the most well-meaning people. If we are to reduce the number of
disproportionate suspensions inflicted on students of color, it is crucial that school
personnel at all levels receive regular, structured in-service training to uncover implicit
bias.

In addition, districts should adopt culturally relevant curricula. These ensure that teachers
and students are exposed to texts and materials that are inclusive of students from all
backgrounds.

SCHOOL DISTRICT OUT-OF-SCHOOL SUSPENSIONS (OSS) BY COUNTY

AS REPORTED IN CRDC, 2015-2016

(NOTE: The CRDC disaggregates disciplinary statistics into the following categories:
“American Indian or Alaska Native,” “Asian,” “Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander,”
“Black or African American,” “Hispanic or Latino of any race,” “White” and “Two or more
races.” In its database, the CRCD abbreviates these terms respectively to: AME, ASI, HI
PAC, BLA, HIS, WHI and TWO. In our district-by-district compilation below we have, for
purposes of clarity and conciseness, used the following terms: Native American, Asian,
Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Black, Hispanic, White, and Two or More Races.

In some cases, there may appear to be discrepancies between the number of suspensions
reported for students of a particular ethnicity or racial category and the rate of suspensions
recorded for that same category. These differences may arise from rounding or from a
district’s privacy protection policies or from the fact that some statistical categories include
students with special needs, while others do not. Of course, anomalies may also arise from
reporting errors on the part of school districts or the Department of Education. In all cases,
we endeavor to report raw numbers and suspension rates as they appear in the CRDC.)

ALBANY COUNTY

Albany
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 9,469 45 818 23 4,677 1,561 1,858 487
Number of OSS 4 8 4 738 129 79 136
OSS Rate 8.89% 0.99% 17.39% 16.44% 8.56% 4.51% 29.25%

Berne-Knox-Westerlo
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 796 2 4 8 11 764 7
Number of OSS 36
OSS Rate 5.00%
 Bethlehem
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 4,615 301 4 112 136 4,018 44
Number of OSS 4 2 35 2
OSS Rate 3.85% 1.54% 0.90% 5.00%

Cohoes
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,943 12 22 2 164 140 1,502 101
Number of OSS 39 12 102 19
OSS Rate 24.38% 8.82% 6.95% 18.81%

Green Island
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 407 4 19 22 337 25
Number of OSS 4 4 22 6
OSS Rate 21.05% 18.18% 6.85% 26.09%

Guilderland
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 4,874 6 598 6 178 169 3,766 151
Number of OSS 6 19 8 87 6
OSS Rate 1.01% 11.31% 4.91% 2.38% 4.14%

Menands*
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 257 4 82 79 16 75
Number of OSS 4 2
OSS Rate 5.33% 2.78%
* Menands enrolls only K-8 students, who then may attend schools in the North Colonie, South Colonie, Watervliet
and Green Island school districts, as well as TechValley High School, under tuition agreements.

North Colonie
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 5,521 16 836 11 263 278 3,923 194
Number of OSS 7 17 19 97 10
OSS Rate 0.84% 6.51% 6.83% 2.52% 5.26%
 Ravena-Coeymans-Selkirk
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,870 2 18 4 76 121 1,555 94
Number of OSS 16 10 66 12
OSS Rate 22.22% 18.40% 4.44% 14.29%

South Colonie
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 5,194 8 497 360 400 3,606 323
Number of OSS 4 23 17 110 12
OSS Rate 0.81% 6.50% 4.34% 3.14% 3.81%

Voorheesville
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,162 4 24 8 15 25 1,068 18
Number of OSS 27 2
OSS Rate 2.60% 12.50%

Watervliet
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,325 4 86 233 161 719 122
Number of OSS 26 10 24 8
OSS Rate 11.56% 6.29% 4.97% 6.78%

COLUMBIA COUNTY

Berkshire*
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 74 2 35 17 20
Number of OSS 23 11 9
OSS Rate 69.71% 64.71% 45.00%
*The Berkshire Union Free School District comprises a single school, grades 7-12, serving males who have been
designated by the state Committee on Special Education as "emotionally disabled," "learning disabled," or "other
health impairment."
 Chatham
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,077 2 13 2 22 45 936 57
Number of OSS 23 4
OSS Rate 2.51% 7.27%

Germantown
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 588 6 2 4 50 509 17
Number of OSS 2 17 4
OSS Rate 4.00% 3.50% 26.67%

Hudson
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,810 4 186 393 258 831 138
Number of OSS 34 16 35 8
OSS Rate 8.81% 6.37% 4.30% 5.97%

Kinderhook
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,783 2 25 2 37 73 1,627 17
Number of OSS 2 4 56
OSS Rate 6.45% 5.63% 3.59%

New Lebanon
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 436 6 6 12 401 11
Number of OSS 11
OSS Rate 2.82%

Taconic Hills
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,435 4 8 2 29 122 1,199 71
Number of OSS 4 26 6
OSS Rate 3.45% 2.28% 8.70%

GREENE COUNTY
 Cairo-Durham
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,214 6 9 2 18 75 1,038 66
Number of OSS 2 6 44 8
OSS Rate 11.11% 9.38% 4.44% 12.50%

Catskill
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,614 6 18 162 162 1,158 108
Number of OSS 2 31 14 62 12
OSS Rate 11.11% 20.26% 8.86% 5.59% 11.11%

Coxsackie-Athens
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,378 2 15 4 52 76 1,198 31
Number of OSS 6 6 34 2
OSS Rate 12.00% 8.11% 2.92% 6.45%

Greenville
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,158 10 16 16 1,101 15
Number of OSS 4 56 2
OSS Rate 25.00% 5.24% 13.33%

Hunter-Tannersville
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 398 2 14 4 38 323 17
Number of OSS 4 23
OSS Rate 10.53% 7.40%

Windham-Ashland-Jewett
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 311 2 4 4 4 22 268 7
Number of OSS 4 12
OSS Rate 20.00% 4.76%

RENSSELAER COUNTY
 Averill Park
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 2,986 47 20 77 2,777 65
Number of OSS 4 116 4
OSS Rate 5.33% 4.23% 6.35%

Berlin
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 730 2 6 4 6 701 11
Number of OSS 6
OSS Rate 0.91%

Brunswick
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,180 14 20 23 1,106 17
Number of OSS 2 23
OSS Rate 11.11% 2.14%

East Greenbush
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 4,024 14 206 2 100 217 3,271 214
Number of OSS 2 6 6 50 12
OSS Rate 1.00% 6.25% 2.76% 1.57% 5.71%

Hoosick Falls
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,139 6 6 2 6 14 1,070 35
Number of OSS 43 6
OSS Rate 4.27% 17.14%

Hoosic Valley
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,000 4 4 8 11 953 20
Number of OSS 8 45 4
OSS Rate 72.73% 4.93% 20.00%
 Lansingburgh
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 2,312 2 20 6 391 280 1,456 157
Number of OSS 2 2 96 42 111 24
OSS Rate 100.00% 33.33% 25.07% 15.22% 7.73% 15.29%

North Greenbush*
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 16 16
Number of OSS
OSS Rate
* Students attend an 1861 "little red schoolhouse," grades K-1. The district maintains tuition agreements with nearby
school districts for students to continue their educations.

Rensselaer
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,264 185 176 104 701 98
Number of OSS 2 8 6 17 4
OSS Rate 1.09% 4.76% 5.77% 2.52% 4.26%

Schodack
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 899 8 2 15 36 819 19
Number of OSS 11 2
OSS Rate 1.43% 10.53%

Troy
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 4,047 8 62 22 1,255 646 1,813 241
Number of OSS 4 274 101 145 33
OSS Rate 20.00% 22.55% 16.06% 8.38% 14.04%

Wynantskill*
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 344 2 2 10 10 310 10
Number of OSS 2 2
OSS Rate 20.00% 0.66%
* This district's single school, Gardner-Dickinson, enrolls K-8 students, after which students attend nearby districts,
as well as Tech Valley High School, under tuition agreements.
SARATOGA COUNTY
Ballston Spa
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 4,137 60 73 72 3,894 38
Number of OSS 6 2 117 2
OSS Rate 8.45% 2.86% 3.12% 5.56%

Burnt Hills-Ballston Lake

Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 3,075 4 54 38 53 2,873 53
Number of OSS 8 2 67 4
OSS Rate 25.00% 4.08% 2.47% 8.16%

Corinth
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,232 8 2 10 21 1,167 24
Number of OSS 2 50 2
OSS Rate 20.00% 4.39% 8.33%

Edinburg*
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 86 2 2 82
Number of OSS
OSS Rate
* Edinburg is a single-school, pre-K-6 district, after which students attend NorthVille Central School District, which
is in Fulton County and, thus, is not included in this report.

Galway
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 885 2 8 9 860 6
Number of OSS 53 2
OSS Rate 6.64% 33.33%

Mechanicsville
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,485 17 2 14 44 1,370 38
Number of OSS 30 2
OSS Rate 2.25% 5.26%
 Saratoga Springs
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 6,318 8 120 11 120 188 5,726 145
Number of OSS 19 10 99 4
OSS Rate 16.67% 5.43% 1.79% 2.84%

Schuylerville
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,749 2 10 6 30 39 1,653 9
Number of OSS 6 2 60
OSS Rate 21.43% 5.13% 3.71%

Shenendehowa
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 9,789 16 909 8 231 531 7,734 360
Number of OSS 10 16 19 157 16
OSS Rate 1.10% 7.05% 3.63% 2.07% 4.49%

South Glens Falls

Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 3,142 2 28 34 75 2,946 57
Number of OSS 2 56 2
OSS Rate 2.67% 1.96% 3.64%

Stillwater
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,197 11 6 15 26 1,124 15
Number of OSS 2 11
OSS Rate 7.69% 1.03%

Waterford-Halfmoon
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 816 11 2 11 14 752 26
Number of OSS 2 22 4
OSS Rate 14.29% 3.04% 16.67%

SCHENECTADY COUNTY
 Duanesburg
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 736 4 6 8 26 680 12
Number of OSS 13
OSS Rate 1.94%

Mohonasen
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 2,975 20 61 4 100 166 2,536 91
Number of OSS 15 89 2
OSS Rate 15.96% 3.67% 2.30%

Niskayuna
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 4,207 6 662 6 158 122 3,128 125
Number of OSS 8 12 36 4
OSS Rate 1.22% 7.69% 1.19% 3.36%

Shalmont
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,819 4 36 30 78 1,608 63
Number of OSS 2 4 2 49 6
OSS Rate 6.25% 13.33% 2.63% 3.15% 10.17%

Schenectady
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 9,549 10 1,592 16 3,116 1,814 2,513 488
Number of OSS 105 875 322 329 89
OSS Rate 6.67% 28.93% 18.17% 13.69% 18.70%

Scotia-Glenville
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 2,537 10 42 10 85 58 2,322 10
Number of OSS 6 6 77 2
OSS Rate 7.23% 11.11% 3.42% 25.00%

WARREN COUNTY
 Bolton
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 197 4 7 2 184
Number of OSS
OSS Rate

Glens Falls
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,991 32 51 80 1,742 86
Number of OSS 12 12 110 4
OSS Rate 25.53% 16.22% 6.68% 4.88%

Glens Falls Common School District*

Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 172 2 2 13 142 13
Number of OSS 6
OSS Rate 4.35%
*This is a single-school district consisting of the K-6 Abraham Wing School. For later grades, students attend
schools in the Glens Falls City School District.

Hadley-Luzerne
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 766 2 4 6 17 737
Number of OSS 2 34
OSS Rate 11.76% 5.06%

Johnsburg
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 346 2 7 337
Number of OSS 11
OSS Rate 3.49%

Lake George
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 803 23 8 17 749 6
Number of OSS 9
OSS Rate 1.20%
 North Warren
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 514 2 4 4 10 481 13
Number of OSS 13
OSS Rate 2.74%

Queensbury
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 3,340 6 40 2 34 55 3,154 49
Number of OSS 8 6 79 4
OSS Rate 25.00% 11.32% 2.61% 8.16%

Warrensburg
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 767 2 2 4 17 716 26
Number of OSS 26 2
OSS Rate 3.72% 7.69%

WASHINGTON COUNTY

Argyle
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 513 6 2 17 479 9
Number of OSS 17
OSS Rate 3.88%

Cambridge
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 873 4 8 20 17 824
Number of OSS 2 2 26
OSS Rate 10.00% 13.33% 3.28%

Fort Ann
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 510 6 2 4 23 473 2
Number of OSS 10
OSS Rate 2.18%
 Fort Edward
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 531 2 7 13 481 28
Number of OSS 2 30 2
OSS Rate 28.57% 6.33% 7.14%

Granville
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,087 10 2 15 10 1,029 21
Number of OSS 28
OSS Rate 2.89%

Greenwich
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 1,058 14 6 14 1,016 8
Number of OSS 25
OSS Rate 2.54%

Hartford
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 464 4 4 7 443 6
Number of OSS 2 45
OSS Rate 50.00% 10.87%

Hudson Falls
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 2,416 6 22 4 37 86 2,160 101
Number of OSS 2 8 6 122 10
OSS Rate 9.09% 24.24% 6.98% 5.80% 9.90%

Putnam*
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 19 19
Number of OSS
OSS Rate
*This is a pre-K through 6 district. Students in grades 7-12 attend Ticonderoga schools under a tuition agreement.
The Ticonderoga Central School District is in Essex County, which is not included in this report.
 Salem
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 518 4 2 9 14 485 4
Number of OSS 37 2
OSS Rate 8.17% 50.00%

Whitehall
Hawaiian Two or
Native
Total Asian /Pacific Black Hispanic White more
American
Islander races
Total Student Population 768 6 11 15 734 2
Number of OSS 4
OSS Rate 0.57%