AIRCRAFT SAFETY ASSESSMENT

AIR NAVIGATION ORDER

VERSION : 2.0
DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION : 04-04-2011
OFFICE OF PRIME INTEREST : AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTORATE

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 AIRCRAFT SAFETY ASSESSMENT

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A. AUTHORITY:
A1 This Air Navigation Order is issued by Director General Civil Aviation Authority DGCAA in
pursuance of Rules 4, 5, 180, 334 (3), 360, 368 and all other enabling provisions of Civil Aviation Rules
1994.

B. PURPOSE:
B1 The purpose of this ANO is to prescribe the procedures for carrying out the safety assessment of a
foreign/local air carriers operating to / from Pakistan or of the air carriers using Pakistan airspace. The
assessment will be based on ramp inspections and monitoring.

C. SCOPE:
C1 This ANO is applicable to all aircraft registered in Pakistan or in a Contracting State shall operate
in compliance with the provisions of the Chicago Convention & Annexes thereto and with such provisions of
CARs, 94 as may be applicable within the limits prescribed by the manufacturers of aircraft & associated
parts.

D. DESCRIPTION:

D1. DEFINITIONS:

D1.1 The following terms when used in this ANO, have the meanings assigned to them respectively.
Any term used in this ANO but not defined, shall have the same meaning as given in the Civil Aviation
Ordinance, 1960, Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority Ordinance 1982, CARs, 1994 and relevant ICAO
Annexes.

D1.1.1 ‘ANO’ means the Air Navigation Orders issued by DG CAA under Rules 4 of CARs 94.
D1.1.2 ‘Director General Civil Aviation Authority (DGCAA)’ means a person that has been
appointed by the Federal Government of Pakistan as executive head of the Civil Aviation Authority of
Pakistan.
D1.1.3 ‘Contracting State’ means a state who are signatory to the Convention on International
Civil Aviation (commonly known as the Chicago Convention).
D1.1.4 ‘Air Carrier’ means an air transport undertaking with a valid operating license, Air
Operator Certificate (AOC) or equivalent.
D1.1.5 ‘Operating Air Carrier’ an air carrier that performs or intends to perform a flight under a
contract of carriage with passenger, or on behalf of another person, legal or nature, having a contract of
carriage with that passenger.
D1.1.6 ‘Operating Authorization or Technical Permission’ means any legislative or
administrative act by a contracting state, which provides either that an air carrier may operate air
services to and from its airports or that an air carrier may operate in its airspace or that an air carrier may
exercise traffic rights.
D1.1.7 ‘Operating Restriction’ means the refusal, suspension, revocation or restriction of an
air carrier’s operating authorization or technical permission for safety reasons, or any equivalent safety
measures in respect of an air carrier which has no traffic rights in the country but whose aircraft might
otherwise be operated in the country under a lease agreement.
D1.1.8 ‘Relevant Safety Standards’ means the international safety standards prescribed under
the Chicago Convention and its Annexes as well as, where applicable, those in relevant to Pakistani law.

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D2. BACK GROUND:

D2.1 In the past several years, globalization has had an impact on the aviation activities. The system
has become increasingly complex and to achieve the high-level safety standards, more and more human,
technological and financial resources are required. ICAO carries out regular, mandatory, systematic and
harmonized safety audits Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme (USOAP) of all its member States.
In a companion move, Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA) has launched its own programme of
Aircraft Safety Assessment as a follow-up / supplement to the ICAO audits. In this program PCAA will
ensure safety standards on local as well as on foreign aircraft. The Foreign Aircraft Safety Assessment
programme is not intended to replace or take over the respective safety oversight responsibilities from
States of Registry/Operators.

D3. ICAO STANDARDS:

D3.1 International Civil Aviation is governed by the Convention on International Civil Aviation
(commonly known as the Chicago Convention). Under this Convention, the International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations, sets the minimum Standards and
Recommended Practices (SARPs) for International Civil Aviation. These standards are contained in 18
Annexes to the Convention. Individual States remain responsible for regulating their aviation industries
but have to take into account the requirements of the Convention and the minimum standards
established by ICAO.

D3.2 The main standards that apply to air carriers are in three of the 18 Annexes, which are:

D3.2.1 Annex 1 which deals with personnel licensing including flight crew.
D3.2.2 Annex 6 which deals with the operation of aircraft; and
D3.2.3 Annex 8 which deals with airworthiness.

D3.3 The responsibility for implementing Annexes 1 and 8 rests with the State of Registry i.e. the State
in which the aircraft is registered. The responsibility for implementing Annex 6 rests with the State of
Operator, i.e. the State in which the air carrier is based. Often the State of Operator and the State of
Registry will be the same, as air carriers tend to operate aircraft registered in the State in which they are
based.

D3.4 A part from, all aircraft registered in a contracting state shall be operated in compliance with such
applicable provisions of Civil Aviation Rules, 1994 as may be specified / notified by DG CAA under this
ANO or otherwise from time to time.

D4. FOREIGN AIRCRAFT SAFETY ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME:

D4.1 The foreign aircraft safety assessment programme is not intended to replace or take over the
respective safety oversight responsibilities from States of Registry / Operators. Experience shows that,
although limited in their scope and depth, foreign aircraft safety assessment inspections give a general
indication of the safety of foreign operators. Inspections also contribute to the safe operation of the
particular aircraft inspected, as operators usually take prompt measures to correct discrepancies
identified by foreign aircraft safety assessment inspections.

D4.2 An additional benefit of the programme is that it provides the opportunity for the PCAA
and the State of the Operator or the State of Registry to co-operate in resolving specific safety-
related problems. The Programme is also helpful by providing significant safety problems
involving particular foreign aircraft or operators, to analyze information, to identify generic safety
challenges and to develop and implement adequate measures to tackle them. This Programme is
built around ramp inspections of aircraft.

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D5. INSPECTION PROCEDURE:

D5.1 The main objectives of the programme are: a foreign air carrier can be subject to a ramp
inspection, mainly concerned with the aircraft documents and manuals, flight crew licenses, the apparent
condition of the aircraft and the presence and condition of mandatory cabin safety / emergency
equipment (Refer Appendix ‘A’). The references for these inspections are contained in the Standards of
ICAO Annexes 1 (Personnel Licensing), 6 (Operations of Aircraft) and 8 (Airworthiness of Aircraft).

D5.2 All data from the ramp inspection reports, as well as supplementary information (for example a list
of actions undertaken and finalized following an inspection), will be centralized in a computerized
database set up by the PCAA.

D5.3 In the case of significant irregularities, the operator and the appropriate Aviation Authority (State of
Operator or Registry) are contacted in order to arrive at corrective measures to be taken not only with
regard to the aircraft inspected but also with regard to other aircraft and the air carrier set-up.

D5.4 If a systemic problem is observed, then PCAA may visit the air carrier set-up to check the air
carrier safety standards and discuss with the Aviation Authority (State of Operator or Registry) their
methodology for ensuring safe operation of the air carrier.

D5.5 The aircraft that have been found unsafe for operating to / from Pakistani territories may also be
restricted to fly through Pakistani airspace.

D6. OPERATION OF AN AIRCRAFT IN PAKISTAN:

D6.1 If an air carrier does not meet the safety standards, Government of Pakistan, on
recommendations of DG CAA, may restrict the air carrier or its individual aircraft from operating in
Pakistan territory or airspace. The criteria for imposing a restriction on an air carrier / aircraft to operate in
Pakistan, which shall be based on the relevant safety standards which are set in the Appendix ‘A’ (DG
CAA may modify Appendix ‘A’, in particular, to take account of scientific and technical developments).
This restriction will remain for a period not less than three months, after which the air carrier / aircraft will
be re-evaluated. Further permission for removing the restriction or otherwise will be recommended by
DG CAA to the Government of Pakistan after its re-evaluation.

D6.2 An air carrier restricted from operating in Pakistan territory or airspace could be permitted to
exercise traffic rights by using wet-leased aircraft of an air carrier which is not subjected to an operating
restriction, provided that the relevant safety standards are complied with.

D7. RIGHT OF DEFENCE:

D7.1 DGCAA shall ensure that, before a restriction is imposed on an air carrier / aircraft, the air carrier
concerned will be given a notice and an opportunity of being heard.

D8. AMENDMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS:

D8.1 Any subsequent amendments or modifications to this ANO may be processed and incorporated
through Airworthiness Directorate, HQ CAA, in consultation with Chief Legal Services, HQ CAA as and
when required or deemed expedient or appropriate.

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E. EVIDENCES (ACRONYMS / RECORDS / REFERENCES):

E1. ACRONYMS:

ANO AIR NAVIGATION ORDER

AOC AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE
CARs CIVIL AVIATION RULES
DGCAA DIRECTOR GENERAL CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
HQ CAA HEAD QUARTERS CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
ICAO INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
PCAA PAKISTAN CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
SARPS STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICES
USOAP UNIVERSAL SAFETY OVERSIGHT AUDIT PROGRAM

E2. RECORDS:

Nil

E3. REFERENCES

CARs 1994
ICAO ANNEX 1
ICAO ANNEX 6
ICAO ANNEX 8

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INDEX

Sr. No. Contents Page No.

1. Authority 1
2. Purpose 1
3. Scope 1
4. Description 1
5. Definitions 4
6. Background 5
7. ICAO Standards 2
8. Foreign Aircraft Safety Assessment Programme 2
9. Inspection Procedure 3
10. Operation of an Aircraft in Pakistan 3
11. Right of Defence 3
12. Amendments and Modifications 3
13. Evidence (Acronyms / Records / References) 4
14. Implementation 4

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APPENDIX ‘A’
to ANO-015-AWXX

CRITERIA FOR CONSIDERATION OF AN OPERATING

RESTRICTION/BAN FOR SAFETY REASONS

1. Decisions on action by PCAA level shall be taken according to the merits of each individual case.
Depending upon the merits of each case, a carrier or all the air carriers certified in the same state
may be liable for action at the Government level.

2. In considering whether an air carrier should be totally or partially restricted/banned, it shall be

assessed whether the air carrier is meeting the relevant safety standards taking into account the
following:-

i. Verified evidence of serious safety deficiencies on the part of an air carrier.

• Reports showing serious safety deficiencies, or persistent failure by the carrier to

address deficiencies identified by ramp inspections performed under the Foreign
aircraft safety assessment program previously communicated to the carrier.
• Substantial accident-related information or serious incident-related information
indicating latent systemic safety deficiencies.

ii. Lack of ability and / or willingness of an air carrier to address safety deficiencies as
demonstrated by:-

• Lack of transparency or adequate and timely communication on the part of a

carrier in response to an enquiry by the Civil Aviation Authority of a Contracting
State regarding the safety aspect of its operation.
• Inappropriate or insufficient corrective action plan presented in response to an
identified serious safety deficiencies.

iii. Lack of ability and / or willingness of the authorities responsible for the oversight of an air
carrier to address safety deficiencies as demonstrated by:-

• Lack of cooperation with the civil aviation authority of a Contracting State by the
competent authorities of another state, when concerns about the safety of the
operation of a carrier licensed or certified in that state have been raised.
• Insufficient ability of the competent authorities with regulatory oversight of the
carrier to implement and enforce the relevant safety standards. Particular
account should be taken of the following:-

a) Audit and related corrective action plans established under ICAO’s

Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme or under any applicable
CAA rules / regulations.

b) Whether the operating authorization or technical permission of any

carrier under the oversight of the state has previously been refused or
revoked by another state.

c) The air operator’s certificate has not been issued by the competent
authority of the state where the carrier has its principle place of
business.

iv. Insufficient ability of the competent authorities of the state in which the aircraft used by
the air carrier is registered to oversee the aircraft used by the carrier in accordance with
its obligations under the Chicago Convention. - End -

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APPENDIX ‘A’
to ANO-015-AWXX

A. Flight Deck / General A01 General Condition

A02 Emergency Exit
A03 Equipment
Documentation A04 Manuals
A05 Checklists
A06 Radio Navigation Charts
A07 Minimum Equipment List
A08 Certificate of registration
A09 Noise certificate (where applicable)
A10 AOC or equivalent
A11 Radio licence
A12 Certificate of Airworthiness
Flight data A13 Flight preparation
A14 Weight and balance sheet
Safety Equipment A15 Hand fire extinguishers
A16 Life jackets / flotation device
A17 Harness
A18 Oxygen equipment
A19 Flash Light
Flight Crew A20 Flight crew license
Journey Log Book /
Technical Log or A21 Journey Log Book, or equivalent
equivalent
A22 Maintenance release
A23 Defect notification and rectification (incl. Tech Log)
A24 Preflight inspection
B. Safety / Cabin B01 General Internal Condition
B02 Cabin crew’s station
and crew rest area
B03 First Aid Kit/ Emergency medical kit
B04 Hand fire extinguishers

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B05 Life jackets / Flotation devices

B06 Seat belts
B07 Emergency exit, lighting and marking, torches
B08 Slides /Life-Rafts (as required)
B09 Oxygen Supply
(Cabin Crew and Passengers)
B10 Safety Instructions
B 11 Cabin crew members
B12 Access to emergency exits
B13 Safety of passenger baggage
B14 Seat capacity
C. Aircraft Condition C01 General external condition
C02 Doors and hatches
C03 Flight controls
C04 Wheels, tires and brakes
C05 Undercarriage
C06 Wheel well
C07 Powerplant and pylon
C08 Fan blades
C09 Propellers
C10 Obvious repairs
C11 Obvious un-repaired damage
C12 Leakage
D. Cargo D01 General condition of cargo compartment
D02 Dangerous Goods
D03 Safety of cargo on board
E. General E01 General

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