RAW ESSAY

EDUC1113
Ciara Burren 32012141

Table of Contents

American American Psychological Association Style Sample................................. 3

Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3
Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 3
Examples ............................................................................................................................... 3
Format .................................................................................................................................... 4
Summary ............................................................................................................................... 4
 Ciara Burren 32012141

American American Psychological Association Style Sample

Introduction

The American Psychological Association (APA) style is primarily used in the social

science disciplines. It is formatted like Modern Language Association (MLA), and shows

many similarities, but is unique in several key points. This paper discusses the APA in

detail. Addressing plagiarism has become a major challenge in education (Bretag, 2013)

and educating students in referening correctly with the APA 6th is one way of trying to

overcome the problem.

Discussion

APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than indicating the

author's name and page number, APA includes author's name and date of publication. The

page number, represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the citation when using a direct

quote (not a summary or paraphrase). If the author's name is mentioned in the sentence, then

place the date of publication in parentheses directly after the name. If the name is not

mentioned include the author's name and date in parentheses at the end of the source

material. And, if you use a direct quote, place the page number after the publication date

within the parentheses.

Examples

Note the difference between the following three examples:

Terrence (1999) has presented poignant examples from 150 interviews. However, it has

been pointed out that the research was conducted in a selective, highly biased, way (Strong

& Porter, 1998). All of the interviewees have been called “exceptions to the norm” (Strong

& Porter, 1998).

Ciara Burren 32012141

Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the second

example paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence, and the third example

provides a direct quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but also does not identify

the authors within the sentence. If the authors were identified within the sentence in the third

example, the authors' names would be followed by the year of publication and only the page

numbers would be in the parentheses at the end of the quote.

Format

Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls

the Reference page. You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA

Works Cited format. With APA you include the initial of the author's first name

rather than the complete name, the publication date immediately follows the author's

name in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with quotation marks.

The lists are still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in the absence of an

author) and the first line is flush left while subsequent lines in the same entry are

indented in (approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good resource to help you with

referencing is Notre Dame’s referencing guide at

http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box-3040351. There is also a summary

downloadable help document available at:

http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?content_id=8053459. In APA Style, you include a

reference list rather than a bibliography with your paper (APA, ). A reference

list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper whereas a bibliography may

include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as well as an annotated

description of each one.

Summary
 Ciara Burren 32012141

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA 6th

referencing style for all written documents. In addition to in text referencing and the

reference list there are a number of formatting requirements to ensure your essay complies

with APA standards. Get to know the APA 6th.

Ciara Burren 32012141

References

APA.Bibliography versus reference list. Retrieved from

https://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-guide-on-references

Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS Medicine,

10(12), e1001574.

Strong, R. L., & Porter, M. (1998). Grammatical combinations. In S. Parker, & K.

Gibson (Eds.), Language and literacy (pp. 540-578). Cambridge, UK:

Cambridge University Press.

Terrence, H. S. (1999, November 1). Student success in community colleges. West

Australian Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com