CST325 HW 3.

2 – Matrix Details
(xx question points weighted to 75 grade points)

1. (True / False) Determine the validity of each equation for the matrices A and B. (5 pts)
a. A−1 B = B A−1 ​False
b. AB = B A False
−1 −1
c. A BA = ABA ​False
T T T
d. (AB) = A B ​True
−1
e. (AB) = B −1 A−1 True

2. Express the following matrix multiplication as a linear combination of basis vectors (as opposed
to the algorithmic row-column dot product method). (10 pts)

[0.707 − 0.707 0 0.707 0.707 0 0 0 1 ] [x y z ] =

3. If we wanted to multiply a ​column​ vector with a square matrix such that the vector was on the
left and the matrix was on the right, could we do it? If so, how? If not, what would we have to
do to in order to be able to multiply them? (15 pts)
Only if the vector has the same number of rows as there are number of columns in the
matrix.

4. (True / False) The term orthogonal has the same meaning for both vectors and matrices. (3pts)
True

5. (True / False) An orthogonal matrix’s rows and columns are both mutually orthogonal to each
other ​and​ unit length. (3pts)

True

6. Is the matrix below orthogonal? Show why or why not. (6pts)

M = [cos cos θ sin sin θ − sin sin θ cos cos θ ]

 T
7. (True / False) (ABC) = C T B T AT (1pt)
True
−1
8. (True / False) (ABC) = A−1 B −1 C −1 (1pts)
True
9. (True / False) Matrix multiplication does not commute for ​any​ pair of matrices A and B . (2pts)
True
10. Derive a 2x2 rotation matrix. Your answer should include a labeled graph and an English
description of what it is and how you are depicting it. (10pts)

With a rotation matrix and the coordinates, x 0 & y 0 , to find x 1 & y 1 which is the rotation that the
vector moves to we first define x0 & x1 in terms of cosine and length r also then y 0 and y 1 in terms of
sine and length r. Using the total angle ϕ + θ we can find the coordinates of x 1 and y 1 using trig
identities.
11. When is a matrix transpose also equal to its inverse? (3pts)
When the matrix is an orthonormal matrix.

12. (​True​ / False) A rotation matrix only rotates about the current origin (the zero vector). ​Justify
your answer​. (3pts) ​As the rotation is taken about the origin with the angle theta. Rotation is
always taken about origin.
 13. (True / False) A scale matrix will displace any vector it is applied to by the same amount. In
other words, the distance between the vector’s original location and its new scaled location will
be the same amount for every vector. ​Justify your answer​. (2pts)
True, because when you scale a matrix you are scaling the matrix from the origin and its
unit Vector of [1,0], [0,1].

14. What is the geometric interpretation of the determinant in both 2 & 3 dimensions? (3pts)
The geometric meaning for a 2x2 determinant is the area of a parallelogram. The geometric
meaning for a 3x3 determinant is the volume of a parallelepiped.

15. With respect to transformations, name one way that a matrix inverse useful. (2pts)
The inverse of a basis vector will take us back to its standard vector for a matrix.

16. Given a vector V = [x y z ] and a matrix M = [u0 v 0 w0 u1 v 1 w1 u2 v 2 w2 ] , create an

expression that is equal to product M V , only the vector is multiplied from the left. (6pts)

17. What is “gimbal lock” and how does it happen? (3pts)

A Gimbal Lock is caused by rotating one of the basis vectors in the plane of rotation such that
it aligns with the axis of rotation. It could also be seen as the loss of one degree of freedom in another
words there is a linear dependency between the plane of rotation and the axis of rotation.

18. What are homogeneous coordinates? (2pts)

Homogeneous coordinates are coordinates that have an extra dimension called W. This
dimension W scales the X, Y, and Z dimensions. The term homogeneous is also interchangeable
with 4D within 3D software.

19. How do homogenous coordinates facilitate translation in a matrix? (5pts)

Homogenenouse coordinates allow the operation of translation to be performed as a
matrix operation more easily.