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37 HW 3
Spring 2007
Problem 1. A CSTR of volume 0.602 liters (constant density liquid phase) is operated in
which the following reaction occurs:
A+ B→C+ D
The feed rate of A is 1.16 liters/hr of a solution at concentration 5.87 mmol/L. The feed
Calculate the rate constant for this reaction assuming a mass-action rate law of the form:
r = k[ A][B] .
qA [A]0
qout [A] [B]
qB [B]0
The only unknown quantities in the above figure are [B] and
qtot.
mol
ξ& = rV [=]
time
dn A
= FA0 − FA − ξ& = [ A]0 q A − [ A]qout − ξ& .
dt
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
dnB
= FB0 − FB − ξ& = [B]0 q B − [B]qout − ξ& .
dt
[B]0 q B − ξ&
[B] = .
qout
ξ& = rV = k[A][B]V
ξ&
k=
[ A][B]V
k=
(4.23 mmol/h) = 0.357
L
= 357M −1h −1
(1.094 mmol/L)(18.0 mmol/L)(0.602 L ) h mmol
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
A+ B → B+C
with the second-order rate constant 1.15 x 10-3 m3/mol/ksec. The rate law is
r = k[ A][B] .
What volume of CSTR would be necessary to give 40% conversion of species A if the
feed concentration of A is 96.5 mol/m3, the feed concentration of B is 6.63 mol/m3, and
the flow rate is 0.5 m3/ksec?
q [A]0 [B]0
[A] [B] [C]
ξ& = rV[=]
time
dn A
= FA0 − FA − ξ& = [A]0 q − [ A]q − ξ&
dt
At steady state:
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
[ A]0 q − [ A]q [ A]
XA = =1−
q[ A]0 [ A]0
[ A] = (1 − X A )[ A]0
dnB
= FB0 − FB + 0ξ& = [B]0 q − [B]q
dt
At steady state:
[B] = [B]0 .
ξ& = rV = k[ A][B]V ,
[ A]0 X A q X Aq
V = =
k[ A]0 (1 − X A )[B]0 k (1 − X A )[B]0
(0.40)(0.5 m 3 /ksec)
= = 43.7 m 3
(1.15 ×10 m /(mol ⋅ ksec))(1 − 0.40)(6.63 mol/m )
V −3 3 3
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
b) three 5-liter CSTRs in series, with 75% of product species B & C selectively removed
between stages 1 and 2 and between stages 2 and 3, with appropriate adjustment in flow
rate; the volumetric flow rates in the two streams leaving a separator are proportional to
the total number of moles of A, B, and C in each stream. See the separator diagram
below.
Separator
If q is the volumetric flow rate and F is the molar flow rate, then the separator follows the
relationships:
FA 2 = 0
FB 2 = 0.75FB 0
FC 2 = 0.75FC 0
q1 F + FB1 + FC1
= A1
q2 FA2 + FB2 + FC 2
A full flow diagram is shown below.
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
Determine the steady-state production of compound B in mol/h for options a) and b).
First, consider the 1-reactor case. Draw a diagram of the
situation (the control volume).
0 = FC 0 − FC + ξ&1 − ξ&2
Notice that:
FB0 = FC 0 = 0 .
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
FB = FC
q0 [ B] = q0 [C ]
[ B] = [C ]
0 = q0 ([ A]0 − ([ A]0 + [ B]0 − [ B ])) − k1V ([ A]0 + [ B]0 − [ B]) + k −1V [ B][ B]
0 = a[ B ]2 + b[ B ] + c
a = (k −1V )
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
b = (q0 + k1V )
− b ± b 2 − 4ac
[ B] =
2a
(b 2
− 4ac ) > 0 ,
− b + b 2 − 4ac
[ B] =
2a
−4
⎟(15 L ) = 24.246
-1 −1
⎝ h ⎠ mol ⋅ h
c = 0 − (1.82 ×10 −4 s −1 )⎜
⎛ 3600s ⎞ mol
[B] = 0.172 M
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
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⎛ L⎞
FB = q0 [B] = ⎜ 0.25 ⎟(0.172 M ) = 0.0430 mol/h
⎝ h⎠
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
q0=0.25L/h
V=5 L
[A]0=0.25M
[A] [B] [C]
[B]0=[C]0=0M
0 = a[B]2 + b[B] + c
a = (k −1V )
b = (q0 + k1V )
− b + b 2 − 4ac
[ B] =
2a
Plugging in the numbers, we find the quadratic coefficients
to be:
( )
⎛ 3600s ⎞
a = (k −1V ) = 4.49 ×10 −4 M -1s −1 ⎜ ⎟(5 L ) = 8.082
L2
⎝ h ⎠ mol ⋅ h
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
c = 0 − (1.82 ×10 −4 s −1 )⎜
⎛ 3600s ⎞ mol
⎟(5 L )(0.25M ) − 0 = −0.819
⎝ h ⎠ h
Plugging the quadratic coefficients into the formula for
[B] we find:
[B] = 0.168 M
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
q1
q0=0.25 L/h
Separator [A]1
[A]0 = 0.082 M
1 [B]1
[B]0=[C]0=0.168 M
q2
[A]2
[B]2
FA 2 = 0
FB 2 = 0.75FB 0
FC 2 = 0.75FC 0
q1 F + FB1 + FC1
= A1
q2 FA 2 + FB 2 + FC 2
q1 = 0.659q2
0.25 L/h
q2 = = 0.151 L/h
1.659
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
q0 0.25 mol
[ A]1 = [ A]0 = 0.082 = 0.205 mol/L .
q1 0.100 L
FB1 = 0.25FB 0
q0 0.25 mol
[B]1 = 0.25 [B]0 = 0.25 0.168 = 0.105 mol/L
q1 0.100 L
[ B ]1 = [C ]1
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
(
a = (k −1V ) = 4.49 ×10 −4 M -1s −1 ⎜)
⎛ 3600s ⎞
⎟ (5 L ) = 8.082
L2
⎝ h ⎠ mol ⋅ h
[B] = 0.204 M
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
q1
q0=0.100 L/h
Separator [A]1
[A]0 = 0.106 M
2 [B]1
[B]0=[C]0=0.204 M
q2
[A]2
[B]2
q0 0.100 L/h
q2 = = = 0.0595 L/h
1.680 1.680
L
q1 = q0 − q1 = (0.100 − 0.0595) = 0.0405 L/h
q1 0.0405 L
FB1 = 0.25FB 0
q 0.100 mol
[B]1 = 0.25 0 [B]0 = 0.25 0.204 = 0.126 mol/L
q1 0.0405 L
[ B ]1 = [C ]1
Lastly, we rename our concentrations and proceed to reactor
3.
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].
( )
⎛ 3600s ⎞
a = (k −1V ) = 4.49 ×10 −4 M -1s −1 ⎜ ⎟(5 L ) = 8.082
L2
⎝ h ⎠ mol ⋅ h
(
b = (q0 + k1V ) = (0.0405 L/h ) + 1.82 ×10 −4 s −1 ⎜ )
⎛ 3600s ⎞
⎟(5 L ) = 3.3165
L
⎝ h ⎠ h
c = (− q0 [B]0 − k1V[ A]0 − k1V[B]0 )
⎛ L⎞
( )
⎛ 3600s ⎞
c = ⎜ − 0.100 ⎟(0.126M ) − 1.82 ×10 −4 s −1 ⎜ ⎟(5 L )[0.262 + 0.126]M
⎝ h⎠ ⎝ h ⎠
mol
c = −1.284
h
The quadratic solution gives:
[B] = 0.243 M
mol mol
FB = FB1E + FB 2 E + FB 3 E = (0.0315 + 0.0153 + 0.0098) = 0.0566
h h
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
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mol
FB ,3rctr = (0.0566 ± 0.0011)
h
mol
FB ,1rctr = (0.0430 ± 0.0009 )
h
Cite as: William Green, Jr., and K. Dane Wittrup, course materials for 10.37 Chemical and Biological Reaction Engineering,
Spring 2007. MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].