31/05/2019

AUXILIARY VERBS
&
MODALS

•Emphasis
•Show interest
•Question tags
•Avoid repetition

To avoid repeating the main verb:

 I hate this kind of exams and so does my

friend Ann.

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With “so” and “neither”

 With a verb in positive :
◦ So+ aux+ subj

 Peter loves this novel and so do I

 With a verb in negative :

◦ Neither + aux+ subj

 You didn’t know Alex was coming today and

neither did I.

With “echo questions”

 They are used to show interest:
◦ Aux ( = as in main sentence)+ subj?

 This is a really interesting guy.

 Is he?

 I really want to go on a date with him…

 Do you?

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To add emphasis:
 DO/DID + main verb

I know you deny it,

but I know you DID cheat in the exam.

To make question tags:

 Positive statement ,
neg aux + subj?

◦ He’s from Ireland, isn’t

he?

 Negative statement,
positive aux + subj?

◦ You haven’t been to

China before, have you?

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AND NOW,
IT’S TIME TO GET
SOME PRACTICE!!!!

So/Neither
 I’m going to London next weekend and … (John too)
◦ So is John

 I’ve just passed my driving test and … (Ann too)

◦ So has Ann

 I haven’t seen Peter for ages and ( Lui neither)

◦ Neither has Lui

 I didn’t do my homework for Monica and … (the rest

of the class neither)
◦ Neither did the rest of the class

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Echo questions
 I ‘m looking forward to being sent abroad by my
company.
◦ Are you?!
 I know I left the keys on the table, but I can’t find them
now!
◦ Can’t you?!
 He speaks very good German…
◦ Does he?!
 He broke out of prison yesterday…
◦ Did he?!
 If I won 1.000.000 €, I wouldn’t change my life a bit.
◦ Wouldn’t you?!

Emphasis
 She forgave her sister for deceiving her.
◦ She did forgive her sister for deceiving her.

 I wrote the poem myself.

◦ I did write the poem myself.

 I love parties.
◦ I do love parties

 Books cost a lot

◦ Books do cost a lot

 This bus goes to the station non-stop.

◦ This bus does go to the station non-stop

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Question tags
 It’s a lovely day, ________ ?
◦ Isn’t it?

 You couldn’t lend me 5$, ________ ?

◦ Could you?

 Tom drives very fast, ________ ?

◦ Doesn’t he?

 I don’t think he’s ever been there, ________

◦ Hasn’t he?

 You don’t like him, ________?

◦ Do you?