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IMPORTANT POINTS

Triads, Tetrads, Pentads in Medicine :-


REiter syndrome triad :
Urethritis
Conjuctivitis
Arthritis
Congenital Toxoplasmosis--
choroidoretinitis.
cerebral calcification.
convulsions
Vogt's triad – glaucoma flecken, pigments on endothelium and iris atrophy
Samters triad::
Aspirin intolerance
Asthma
Nasal polyp
Carney triad:::
a.Pulmonary chondroma
b.Paraganglioma
c.GIST
Charcot’s Triad:::
Pain + fever + jaundice
Saint's Triad
Gall stones
Diverticulosis
Hiatus hernia
Beck’s Triad:::
Muffled heart sound
Distended neck veins
Hypotension
Behcet's Syndrome:::
Recurrent oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Iridocyclitis
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Triad::;
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure
Pentad of TTP::::;
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Fever
Disturbed neurological function
Renal failure
Thrombocytopenia
behcet syn-recurrent oral ulcer with any 2 of following-
1.recurrent genital ulcer
2.eye inv-uveitis
3.skin inv
4.pathergy test
virchows triad
Hypercoagulability
stasis
Endothelial injury
pentalogy of cantrell-
1.sternal+pericardial+diaphragmatic defect+omphalocele+ectopia cordis
Triad of sandblom(for Hemobilia)-M.O.B(Melena+Obs.Jaundice+Biliarycolic.
fallot triology-
asd/pfo+rvh+ps
damage to unhappy triad-knee injury
1)medial collateral ligament
2)anterior cruciate ligament
3)lateral meniscus
-common foot ball injury.
-force from lateral side
Anderson Triad
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Vitamin A deficiency
Beck's triad of Para pharyngeal Abscess
External cervical swelling (at the submandibular region which is tender)
Trismus due to spasm of the medial pterygoid
Internal swelling: of the lateral pharyngeal wall,pushing the tonsil medially
Beck’s cognitive triad (negative thought in depression)
Negative thought of self
Negative thought of environment
Negative thought of future
Beck's triad of cardiac tamponade
Decrease of systolic blood pressure
Distended jugular vein
Diminished heart sounds(quite heart)
Cushing's triad is a late sign of increase intra-cranial tension
Hypertension
Respiratory depression
Bradycardia
Ecological triad of disease
Causative Agent
Host
Environment
Gradenigo's triad of Petrositis
persistentotorrhea
Ipsilateral retro-orbital pain due to irritation of the nearby trigeminal ganglion(CN-V)
Ipsilateral squint and diplopia due to paralysis of the 6th nerve
Trotter's triad is diagnostic for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
unilateral conductive hearing loss(secretory otitis media)
Ipsilateral earache and facial pain(trigeminal nerve)
Ipsilateral paralysis of the soft palate
Classic triad of Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Purpura
Arthritis
Abdominal pain
Virchow’s triad is the etiology of thrombosis
Damage of vascular endothelium(Vascular trauma)
Stasis of blood
Change in blood composition(Increased coagulability)
(Mnemonic: VIR chow -Vascular trauma, increased coagulability, reduced blood flow)
Charcot's triad of acute cholangitis
Fever with rigors
Right hypochondriacpain
Jaundice
Atta's triad of bilharzia dysentery
Bleeding per rectum
Polyposis
Clubbing of fingers
Saint’s triad
Diverticulosis
Gall stones
Hiatus hernia
Sampter’s triad
Aspirin sensitivity
Asthma
Nasal polyps
VOGT triad of tuberous sclerosis
Facial nevus (Adenoma sebaceum)
Seizures
Mental retardation
WHIPPLE’S triad of insulinoma
Signs &symptoms of Hypoglycemia
Serum glucose < 2.5 m moles/lit
Relief of symptoms on administration of glucose
Hemobilia -Triad (Triad of Sandblom)
Malena
Obstructive jaundice
Biliary colic
O’ Donoghue Triad:Twisting force in a weight bearing knee joint causes injury to
Medial collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Medial meniscus
Pentalogy of Fallot
Fallot's tetralogy with, in addition, a patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect
Triad of Mercury poisoning
Excessive salivation and Gingivitis
Danbury tremors (very severe= Concussio mercurialis)
Neuropsychiatric illness (Erethism)
Triad of Meig’s syndrome
Benign tumor of ovary (fibroma)
Ascites
Pleural effusion
Osteogenesis imperfecta: Brittle bone diz, blue sclera, dentinogenesis imperfecta.
Paget's diz: coxa vera, flame shape lesions, otosclerosis.
Fibrous dysplasia: shepherd crook deformity, ground glass app, hyperostosis at base of skull.
Kartagener synd-bronchiectasis/recurrent sinusitis/situs inversus.
Hutchison triad-Hutchison teeth(pegged central incisors)/int keratitis/sensneural deafness.
RenalcellCA-hematuria/flank pain/flank mass
Wilms tumor-hematuria/fever/abd mass
Zinc def-diarrhoea/dermatitis/dementia
Biotin def-glossitis/alopecia/dermatitis
Obesity/MR/hypogonadism syndromes-Prader willi,Lawrence moon biedl,carpenter syndrome
Triad of Alports Syndrome
Sensorineural deafness
Progressive renal failure
Ocular anomalies
Triad of Behcet's Syndrome
Recurrent oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Iridocyclitis
[mnemonic: can’t see, can’t pee, can’t eat spicy curry]
Beck’s Triad
Muffled heart sound
Distended neck veins
Hypotension
Charcot’s Triad
Pain + fever + jaundice
Gradenigos Triad
Sixth cranial n. Palsy
Persistent ear discharge
Deep seated retro orbital pain
Triad of Hypernephroma
Pain + hematuria + renal mass
Hutchinson’s Triad
Hutchison's teeth
Interstitial keratitis
Nerve deafness
Triad of Kwashiorkar
Growth retardation
Mental changes
Edema
Saint's Triad
Gall stones
Diverticulosis
Hiatus hernia
Trotter's Triad
Conductive deafness
Immobility of homolateral soft palate
Trigeminal neuralgia
Virchow’s Triad
Stasis
Hypercoagulabilty
Vessel injury
Whipple’s Triad
Hypoglycaemia during attacks
S.glucose 10%
Hypergammaglobulinemia
Lytic bone lesions
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Triad
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure
Fanconi Syndrome Triad
Aminoaciduria
Proteinuria
Phosphaturia
Tetany in Children - Triad
Stridor
Carpopedal spasm
Convulsions
Alkaptonuria Triad
Ochronotic arthritis
Ochronotic pigmentation
Urine darkens on standing
Anderson Triad
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis
Vitamin A deficiency
Triad of Albinism
Black locks
Occulo-cutaneous Albinism
Deafness of sensorineural type
[mnemonic: BADS]
Pentad of TTP
Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
Fever
Disturbed neurological function
Renal failure
Thrombocytopenia
Triad of Causes of Biotin Deficiency
Glossitis,
Alopecia,
Dermatitis
Reynolds Pentad
Abdominal pain,
Fever,
Jaundice,
Shock, and
Depression of central nervous system function (usually indicative of acute
suppurative cholangitis)
Pentalogy of Fallot
Fallot's tetralogy with, in addition, a patent foramen ovale or
Atrial septal defect.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Gait disorder
Dementia
Urinary incontinence
Phaeochromocytoma
Headache
Diaphoresis
Palpitation
Triology of fallot
Subpulmonic stenosis
Asd
Right ventricular hypertrophy
William syndrome
Hypercalcemia
Aortic regurg
Elfin facies
Cushings reflex
Irregular breathing
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Idiopathic pulm hemosiderosis ai 2009
Iron deficiency anemia
Hemoptysis
Alveolar infiltrates
Borchardt triad:
-epigastric pain
-retching without vomiting
-inability to pass a nasogastric tube
CLINICAL TRIAD- cutaneous hyperpigmentation
polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
precocious puberty
..Mc..ALBRIGHT SYNDROME...
Dieulafoy's triad:
hyperesthesia of the skin,
exquisite tenderness over McBurney's point
guarding over McBurney's point,
a classic sign of acute appendicitis
Triad of Alports Syndrome
Sensorineural deafness
Progressive renal failure
Ocular anomalies
Triad of Behcet's Syndrome
Recurrent oral ulcers
Genital ulcers
Iridocyclitis
[mnemonic: can’t see, can’t pee, can’t eat spicy curry]
Beck’s Triad
Muffled heart sound
Distended neck veins
Hypotension
Charcot’s Triad
Pain + fever + jaundice
Gradenigos Triad
Sixth cranial n. Palsy
Persistent ear discharge
Deep seated retro orbital pain
Triad of Hypernephroma
Pain + hematuria + renal mass
Hutchinson’s Triad
Hutchison's teeth
Interstitial keratitis
Nerve deafness
Triad of Kwashiorkar
Growth retardation
Mental changes
Edema
Saint's Triad
Gall stones
Diverticulosis
Hiatus hernia
Trotter's Triad
Conductive deafness
Immobility of homolateral soft palate
Trigeminal neuralgia
Virchow’s Triad
Stasis
Hypercoagulability and. Endothelial injury

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