Review for the Final Exam: Honors Chemistry 

 
- This is not a comprehensive review packet.  
- To properly prepare for the exam you must study all of your notes and practice all of the practice problems.  
- The breakdown of the exam is as follows:​ ​Reactions/Naming & Forming Compounds: 20%, Stoichiometry: 25%, Intermolecular Forces, 
Solutions and Molarity: 25%, Thermodynamics: 20%, Kinetics/Equilibrium: 10% 
 
Question 1:  
Acetylene, C​2​H​2​, is a colorless gas with a faint garlic-like odor. It is easily ignited and burns with a sooty flame. Acetylene torches are 
used in soldering metals such as wiring in a refrigerator. Acetylene, C​2​H​2​, reacts with water vapor to produce acetaldehyde, CH​3​CHO. The 
equilibrium reaction is shown below. Use the reaction to answer questions a-e.  
C​2​H​2(g) +​ H​2​O​(g)​ ↔ CH​3​CHO​(g)  𝚫H​o​= -151 kJ 
a. Balance the equation and identify the type of reaction.  
b. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Justify your answer.  
i. Draw a potential energy diagram of the reaction. Add to the potential energy diagram what would 
happen if a catalyst was added to the reaction.  
c. List two changes that could be made to increase the rate of the reaction.  
d. The specific heat of acetylene is 1.674 J/g​o​C. If a 5.0 gram sample of acetylene is at a starting temperature of 22.4​o​C, 
how much heat needs to be added to reach a final temperature of 25.8​o​C?  
e. If this reaction establishes equilibrium at 1 atm of pressure in a 1.0 L container at 25​o​C, predict how the reaction 
would shift, if at all, if the following changes were made: 
i. Reaction vessel is cooled to 15​o​C.  
ii. Water vapor is removed from the container.  
iii. Acetylene gas is added to the container.  
f. If 5.3 grams of acetylene reacts with an excess amount of water, how many grams of acetaldehyde can be formed?  
g. How many grams of water must react in an excess amount of acetylene to produce 0.44 moles of acetaldehyde?  
h. Draw Lewis structures for each molecule.  
i. The melting points of each molecule are listed below. Which molecule has the strongest intermolecular forces? 
Justify your answer.  
Acetylene: -82.2​o​C, Water: 0​o​C, Acetaldehyde: -123.5​o​C 
 
Question 2:  
The conversion between N​2​O​4(g)​ and NO​2(g)​ ​ is​ a temperature dependant reaction. N​2​O​4(g) is​ a colorless gas and NO​2(g)​ is a reddish-brown gas. 
The equilibrium reaction is 
 
N​2​O​4(g)​ ↔NO​2(g) 𝚫H​o​= 55.3 kJ 
 
 a. Balance the equation.  
i.  
b. Draw Lewis structures for each molecule & Name each molecule.  
c. Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?  
i. Draw a potential energy diagram for the reaction.  
d. Would you expect more or less NO​2​ to be produced at very high temperatures? Justify your answer.  
e. How many moles of dinitrogen tetroxide are required to produce 5.6 grams of nitrogen dioxide?  
 
 
Question 3: Smelling salts can be used to revive an unconscious person. The smelling salt reaction is represented below. The smelling 
salts work when the person inhales ammonia gas, NH​3​, which has a pungent smell and wakes them up.  
 
heat + (NH​4​)​2​CO​3(s)​ ↔ NH​3(g)​ + CO​2(g)​ + H​2​O​(g)  
 
a. Balance the equation & Identify the type of reaction.  
b. Will smelling salts be more or less effective on a cold, winter day? Justify your answer.  
c. Determine how many total atoms are in (NH​4​)​2​CO​3​.  
i. Find the molar mass of the compound.  
ii. How many grams of ammonia will be produced if 3.55 grams of (NH​4​)​2​CO​3​ are used?  
d. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Justify your answer. Would you expect the value of 𝚫H to be positive or negative?  
e. Ammonia, NH​3​, has a specific heat of 2.19 J/g​o​C. If a 25 gram sample of ammonia at 20​o​C is heated to a final temperature of 
30​o​C, how much heat must be absorbed?  
i. Draw a model showing how heat flows in example e. Is this process exothermic or endothermic?  
 
 
 
 
Question 4:  
Solve for the enthalpy, ​𝚫H, of the following reaction, using the three reaction and their given enthalpies.  

:  
 
 
Question 5: Use the solubility curve below to answer questions a-c:  
  
a. How many grams of potassium chlorate will dissolve in 250 mL of water at 30​ C?  
o​

b. If 455 grams of potassium chloride is added to 100 mL of water at 80​o​C, how many moles of potassium chloride will precipitate 
out of solution?  
c. What is the maximum mass of dissolved potassium nitrate in 50 mL of water at 20​o​C?  
 
Question 6:  
a. What is the mass of sodium chloride in 56.00 mL of a 0.250 M solution?  
b. What volume of a 1.2 M solution contains exactly 0.50 moles?