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SOSF, MULUND, MUMBAI

A SUMMER INTERN REPORT

Submitted by

GOLLAPUDI TEJA

AP17438

In partial fulfilment of Academic Requirement for the award of Post Graduate Program in
Advanced Construction management

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT &


RESEARCH
PUNE

2017-2019

NICMAR, PUNE SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT L&T REALTY, MULUND


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This training owes its completion to the guidance and contributions of many without whose
help it would not have been possible for us to move ahead.

I am very thankful to LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED, REALTY DIVISION for having
given me the opportunity to undertake my Technical Internship Programme at their prestigious
SALES OFFICE & SAMPLE FLAT, MULUND PROJECT. It is a very good learning
experience for me to have worked at this site as this project involved many new and unique
construction practices and challenges.

I would like to thank Mr. Narendra Karkhanis, Head- Special Project for their continuous
encouragement and guidance throughout for successful completion of internship program.

I would like to convey my special thanks and gratitude to Mr. Ankush kumavat, Sr. Engineer
and Ms. Sampada Kadam, Sr. Engineer for their constant guidance and support. Their
valuable suggestions have contributed in every way for shaping this training into a productive
one.

The Managers, Engineers and the support Staff working in L&T Reality Mulund Project have
always extended their warm support and helped me in every possible way for the successful
completion of my training. I extend our sincere thanks to each and every one of them.

GOLLAPUDI TEJA

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S. No List of contents Pg. No


1 Chapter-1……… Introduction 1
1.1 Company profile
1.2 Company policies
1.3 L&T Realty Projects
2 Chapter-2……… Project Overview 10
2.1 Project description
2.2 Brief details of the Project
3 Chapter-3……… Schedule of internship 15
4 Chapter-4……… Safety 18
4.1 Objectives of EHS
4.2 General EHS PPE’S and Safety Devices
4.3 Accident causes
4.4 Work permits system
5 Chapter-5………Execution Works 23
5.1 Excavation

5.2 Side railing

5.3 Soling

5.4 Anti- termite treatment

5.5 Plain Cement Concrete


5.6 Concrete Works

5.6.1 Shuttering

5.6.2 Reinforcement

5.6.3 Concreting

Chapter-6………Checklists 53
1

CHAPTER-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 COMPANY PROFILE:

Larsen & Toubro Limited, also known as L&T is an Indian multinational


conglomerate headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was founded by Danish
engineers taking refuge in India, as well as an Indian financing partner. The company
has business interests in engineering, construction, manufacturing goods, information
technology, and financial services, and also has an office in the Middle-East and other
parts of Asia.

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L&T is India's largest engineering and construction company. It is considered to


be the "bellwether of India's engineering & construction sector", L&T was
recognised as the Company of the Year in Economic Times 2010 awards.

L&T Realty is the real-estate development arm of Larsen & Toubro. L&T is a
major Indian multinational in technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and
financial services, with global operations. Its products and systems are marketed in over
30 countries worldwide. A strong, customer–focused approach and the constant quest for
top-class quality have enabled L&T to attain and sustain leadership in its major lines of
business for over seven decades.

Backed by the parent company’s rich experience of over 75 years in the


construction industry, L&T Realty has made an extremely successful foray into the real-
estate industry following the philosophies, ethics and work approach that have been
behind its sustained growth. It has redefined the real-estate Industry in India with its
transparency, customer focused approach and continuous quest for world-class quality.

L&T Realty has an impressive presence across Western India, Southern India and
Chandigarh with many residential, commercial and retail projects. The company is
committed to creating landmarks of excellence. This is reflected in its business parks built
to support uninterrupted work 24x7, the under-construction Transit Oriented
Development (India’s largest), in Navi Mumbai – Sea woods Grand Central, and its
much-coveted residential buildings and complexes.

The company believes that progress must be achieved in harmony with the
environment and is deeply committed to environmental protection and community
welfare. Each project is a mission to fulfil customer expectations and a promise to set
new standards of delivery and satisfaction.

1.2 COMPANY POLICIES:

L&T gives a very great importance to the policies on which they believe and these policies
drives the project to finish with quality, safety and in time.

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1.VISION

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2.EHS POLICY

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3.QUALITY POLICY:

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4.ORGANIZATIONAL BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE OF MULUND


PROJECT:

SUBRATA
BANDYOPADHYAY
Business Head

RAGINI
BORGOHAIN
Project Coordinator,
Seawoods & Mulund `

NARENDRA
KARKHANIS
Project Head

Coordinator

Tower Head - Planning,C Safety - Quality -


ontracts & Site MEP -
Incharge NTA & Sr. Sr.
Billing - Architect Head
(T1) Finishing Engineer Engineer
Head
Sr. Manager- Manager Trainee Trainee
Sr. Engineer, PHE & FPS Electrical Engineer Engineer
Engineer Sr. Civil
(Core & Engineer
shell (Core & Sr. Sr. Sr.
,Finishing) shell Engineer Engineer Engineer
,Finishing) MEP

Sr.
Sr. Engineer Engineer,
(Core & Planning
Shell)

Sr.
Engineer
(Finishing)

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1.3 L&T REALTY'S PROJECTS:

1. Crescent Bay – Parel, Mumbai: Crescent Bay is being developed by L&T


Realty in collaboration with Omkar Realtors and Developers. It is a gated
residential complex in Parel, Mumbai. The complex consists of six towers on an
elevated podium aligned to form a crescent shape overlooking the Arabian Sea.

2. SEA WOODS Grand Central, Navi Mumbai: Sea woods Grand


Central is a 40acre transit-oriented development (TOD) project in Navi Mumbai,
built around the railway station of Sea woods -Darave. It has a mix of retail and
commercial office spaces.

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3. Emerald Isle, Powai, Mumbai : Emerald Isle is 16-acre gated complex in


Powai, Mumbai. It is located in close proximity to the Powai Lake and adjacent
to the L&T Business Park. Clubhouse & recreational facilities are planned within
its premises.

4. Raintree Boulevard, Bangalore: Raintree Boulevard is a township by


L&T Realty located in Hebbal, Bengaluru where it is developing residential
apartments on about 65 acres of land with a strong emphasis on environmental
management. The project is located before GKVK University on the way to new
airport.

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5. Mulund Project – Mulund West, Mumbai: Mulund Project is an upcoming


project by L&T Realty in collaboration with Nirmal lifestyle Developers private ltd. It
is a gated residential complex in Mulund West, Mumbai. The complex consists of five
towers giving both creek view and mountain view.

6. L&T Business Towers, Powai, Mumbai: L&T business tower is a


commercial space located in Powai, Mumbai, which contains a tower of 16 floors and
an experience centre. The project is of two phase, where 1st phase is in under
construction. It embraces the unique Powai lake view. The building taps into excess of
natural resources and uses solar [power for lighting common areas and exteriors.

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CHAPTER-2

2.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW:

2.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION: L&T Mulund project is an upcoming residential


project in Mulund, Mumbai. It is a joint venture project between Larsen and Toubro Realty and
Nirmal Lifestyle Developers Pvt. Ltd, to develop a Rs1548 crore-plus residential project spread
over a 23-acre in heart of Mulund. The site is located on the LBS Road, Mumbai.

Mulund project comprises 5 majestic residential towers. It consists of 57 Floors in each tower
including 2 basement, 7 Podiums, Typical floors and 9 Refuge floors. Total built-up area is
46.24 lac sq. ft with 2407 flats comprising of 2, 2.5, 3 & 3.5 BHK.

As a JV agreement, Nirmal Lifestyle Developers Pvt. Ltd has to hand over the land to L&T
Realty, in which residential complex is going to come up. For that process, they have to
construct an approach road of 12 m, remove RMC plant, encroachment land and demolition of
3 core which is of existing hotel in the site.

Current status of the project: The project is in pre-construction phase. The IOD and MOEF
application is in process and sales office sample flat (SOSF) is under construction.

LOCATION OF THE PROJECT:

``

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LAYOUT:

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SITE ADDRESS: Mulund project, LBS Road, Opposite to Nirmal Lifestyle Mall,
Mulund West, Mumbai.

CLIENT

• L & T Realty
• Nirmal Lifestyle Developers pvt. Ltd

CONTRACTOR

• B.K. Interiors for SOSF


CONSULTANT
• Design Consultant : DSP Design association pvt. Ltd
• Architect : Hafeez contractor(Mumbai)
• Structural Consultant : JW consultant (Pune)
• Engineering Services : Ingsophy (Pune)
• Landscape Consultant : Site concept

2.2 BRIEF DETAILS OF THE PROJECT


Project land area : 6.5 acres

Project Cost : INR 1548 Cr.

Expected revenue : INR 5200 Cr.

There will be 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 BHK flats which altogether includes 2407 number of flats.

Floor Sequence:-

• Residential floors (3.1 m)


• 7 Podium (3.1 m)
• Ground floor (4.2 m)
• 13th and 34th floor- fire check (1.8 m)
PHASE 1 DETAILS:

Area Statement Phase 1 :


Tower Area TA = 7,25,813 sq.ft.
NTA (TA) = 4,24,941 sq.ft.
Club house Phase 1 = 19,000 sq.ft.

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Flat
Total
No.

2BHK-S1 64

2BHK-S2 114

2BHK-L 111
2.5BHK 66
3BHK-S 64
3BHK-L 64
3BHK+Serv 57

TOTAL 540
– TA

SOSF:
Area: 8395 sqft.
Project cost: 671 lacs
Project duration: 6 months.
There are 2, 3 BHK sample flat and a sales gallery.

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CHAPTER-3
3.0 SCHEDULE OF INTERNSHIP:

WEEK DURATION ACTIVITY PERFORMED


1 23rd April-29th April
2018 1. Introduction and Orientation.
2. Allocation of work place
3. Brief Introduction about the company’s projects.
4. Daily site visit.
5. Understanding the drawings.
6. Prepared BBS for footing and pedestal.
7. Learnt about documentation and issued documents to
the contractor.
8. Marked the area for excavating and supervised the
work.

2 30thApril- 6th May 1. Daily site visit


2. Studied the reinforcement detailing from IS codes.
2018
3. Understanding the drawings.
4. Read the Standard Operational Procedures from
method statements.
5. Prepared BBS for plinth beam.
6. Supervising the labour in the site office renovation
and communicated about material with the
contractor.
7. Studied about plum concrete, soling and P.C.C
3 7th May- 13th May 1. Daily site visit.
2. Received the drawings at head office and issued
- 2018
those to contractor
3. Prepared the labour report every day.
4. Surveyor had marked the grid lines on the side
railing and cross checked by us taking the right
angle of it.
5. Identified the mistakes done by carpenter in the side
railing and rectified them.
6. Calculated the productivity of excavator.
7. Supervised the backfilling, soling, excavation,
compaction, P.C.C and bar bending activities.

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8. Checked the soling depth, PCC depth, formwork for


footings, reinforcement cages for footings and
columns.
9. PCC of 17cum is laid.
10. RL of PCC level is taken for casted pits.
11. Form work and column positions are cross checked
with respect to side rails.

4 14th May-20thMay 1. Daily site visit


2. Columns are set ready and cross checked the
2018
verticality and dimensions of form work.
3. Supervised the concreting, soling, PCC, Anti-
termite, backfilling activities.
4. Structural engineer had come for inspecting the
reinforcement of footings, columns and clarified the
doubts in the plinth beam.
5. Issued the interior drawing to the contractor.
6. Learnt about TRAQ app, how to fill checklist in that
app.
7. Revised the plinth beam BBS according to drawings.
8. Understanding the interior drawings.
9. Calculated the quantity of block work sales office.

5 21st May-27th May 1. Daily site visit


2. Surveyor had marked the grid lines on the side
2018
railing for the remaining portion and cross checked
by us taking the right angle of it.
3. Supervised the backfilling, soling, excavation,
compaction, P.C.C and bar bending activities.
4. Checked the soling depth, PCC depth, formwork for
footings, reinforcement cages for footings and
columns.
5. Columns and footings are set ready and cross
checked their verticality and position.
6. Weekly target is prepared and the efficiency of the
activities are noted everyday
7. Calculated the quantity of block work for 3 BHK
sample flat.
8. Revised and updated the weekly schedule.
9. Took the dimensions of each pit for billing and also
measured the rock area in the pit.
10. Backfilling is done for 8 pits, where pedestal is
done.
11. Meeting at the site office.
6 28th May-3rd June 1. Daily site visit

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2018 2. Rock is found, measurement is taken and supervised


it.
3. Supervised the backfilling, soling, excavation,
P.C.C, concreting and bar bending activities.
4. Checked the soling depth, PCC depth, formwork for
footings, reinforcement cages for footings and
columns.
5. Understand the Roof Drawings
6. Prepared MSP schedule.
7. Witness the demolition of tower.
8. Calculated the blockwork quantity for 2BHK sample
flat.
9. Columns and footings are set ready and cross
checked their verticality and position.
7 4th June -10th June 1. Daily site visit
2. Supervised the backfilling, soling, concreting and
2018
bar bending activities.
3. Compacted the back filled area with plate
compactor.
4. Laying of PCC of plinth beam is supervised.
5. Columns and footings are set ready and cross
checked their verticality and position.
8 11thJune-17thJune 1. Daily site visit
2. Plinth beam is divided in to parts and calculated the
2018
diagonals of each part and noted in the drawing.
3. Supervised fixing of formwork, reinforcement and
MS plate for plinth beam.
4. Checked the reinforcement, formwork, position of
beam and MS plate.
5. Calculated the flooring quantities for SOSF.
6. Supervised the concreting activity for plinth beam.
9 18thJune-24thJune 1. Visited site for 3 days.
2. Checked the reinforcement, formwork, position of
2018
beam and MS plate.
3. Went to head office for collecting the data of the
project.
4. Learnt about procedure for approvals to start a
project
5. Started preparing the report.
10 25th June-30th June 1. Site visit
2018 2. Prepared the report and submitted.
3. Supervised the backfilling, soling, concreting.

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CHAPTER-4
4.0 SAFETY
Larsen & Toubro being ranked top most company in the maintenance of safety
for its employees, has set up very high standards for ensuring safety to its employees.
Safety is considered as one of the most important aspect in any construction firm as it
can make or break the reputation of a particular company and the standards of the
working environment for the workers. The site has EHS committee comprising the
Project manager, Safety In-charge, Construction Manager, Planning manager &
sections heads. They conduct meeting once in a month to discuss all the safety aspects
of the project and the review of previous meetings are also done.

Excavated pit has been barricaded.

The site has a full - fledged unit for Health, Safety & Environment system to ensure
that the project work is being carried out in a safe manner. The objective of site EHS
department is as follows:

4.1 Objective of EHS

• Establish & define line of command for resolution of all hazards prevention
issues.
• Define individual responsibilities hazard prevent ion & safety promotion
Responsibility at each level of the construction team.

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• Identify highly hazardous operations within the scope of work and specify
integrated preventive measures to mitigate the same.

4.2 General EHS PPE’s and Safety Devices

These are the various PPE’s and safety devices, which are used for various types of protection
at site:

• Head Protection: All personals engaged for this job has to wear safety helmet
along with Chinstrap.
• Hand protection: Appropriated hand gloves will be used for materials handling,
concreting, welding, grinding, gas cutting, for chemical handling & Electrical
work.
• Eye Protection: Suitable goggles must be ensured for the personnel deployed
for welding (Face Shield), Grinding, Gas Cutting, Concreting, Chipping etc.
work at site.
• Ear protection: The personnel engaged in the noise zone such as compressor
operator, Pneumatic Vibrators & Breakers, DG Operator etc. will be equipped
with suitable ear protection.
• Protection from Dust & other poisonous gases: Suitable nose mask, face shield
are to be used by the individuals to protect them from dust, fumes & poisonous
and toxic gases.
• Body protection: Appropriate body protect ion like Boiler Suit, the concern
personnel at site must use Aprons.
• Fall protection: All personnel working over 2.0 meter height must have the
safety belt tied in his waste at the ground level. Further, he will have to anchor
the safety belt with a fixed structure before starting the work at height. Some
special type of safety belt like fall arrest devices also will be in used according
to the nature & area of work.

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Safety meetings with workers

Safety equipment’s used on site are:

1. Helmet
2. Hand gloves (rubber, leather and cotton)
3. Safety belt
4. Goggles
5. Safety shoes
6. Barricading tape
7. Nose masks
8. Reflective jacket
9. Fire bucket
10. Fire extinguisher

4.3 Accident causes:

Accidents occur mainly due to unsafe act & unsafe condition.

Unsafe Act: A deviation from accepted norm or correct procedure or practice, which
has a potential to cause accident.

Unsafe condition: A deviation from accepted norm or correct procedure or practice,


which has a potential to cause accident.

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Reportable accident: An injury causing disablement extending 48 Hours beyond the


Day or shift on which the accident occurred.

Contributing causes for accidents:

• Inadequate codes or standards


• Failure by management to enforce the safety rules and regulation
• Faulty design or lack of maintenance
• Inadequate PPE’s
• Lack of safety awareness and training  Emotional stability and temperament.
• Poor physical conditions viz. fatigue, deafness, poor eyesight so on and so forth

4.4 Work permits system

The Work permit system is being implemented at site, wherein the following
procedure is adopted:

EHS Committee shall identify the areas and activity requiring Work permit. Before
starting any work under WPS, the section head (Permittee) sends detailed information
regarding the nature of work for which authorization under WPS has been sought in
the prescribed form.

After physical inspection as above, the issuing authority consults Safety manager on
safety aspects referring to the instructions given in the form and authorizes the
Permittee to carry out the work under the permitted safe conditions on daily basis.

After completion of the job, the Permittee to the issuing authority brings the permit
back

• The issuing authority cancels/revalidates the permit


• The issuing authority forwards the closed permit to safety manager for record.
• In general, a permit is required for hot work, Confined spaces, working at
height etc.

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Safe to start Work Permit

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CHAPTER-5

5.0 EXECUTION WORKS:


5.1 EXCAVATION:

PROCEDURES:

1. Survey setting out: - Permanent benchmarks will be established based on survey control
points provided by Employer. The Excavation shall be controlled for position and levels
by field surveyor.

2. Excavation Permit: An Excavation permit shall be obtained prior to any excavation.

3. Existing Level: - The existing level will be surveyed and recorded before starting
excavation.

4. Plant & Equipment:- The following plant & equipment will be utilized for excavation
works as required :-
a. Excavator / Rock Cutter.
b. Trucks / Dumper.

5. Dewatering: - All excavation will be kept free from water during excavation to final
formation level, as the dewatering system will be continued to operate. The dewatering
arrangement shall be installed once the formation level of the excavation is lower than the
water table of that area

6. Excavation: - Excavation will be carried out either by hand or by machines as dictated by


site conditions. The manual excavation shall be used during more detailed excavation. The
sequence for large/ deep excavation will be as follows

a. First Stage: The excavator will start from the existing level. In this stage, one excavator
will excavate starting from one corner preparing ramp for access for excavator and trucks.

b. Second Stage: This is the main stage of excavation; one or more excavators will start
excavation, loading trucks starting from one corner of the basement, then taking two sides
of excavation simultaneously and coming back up to a suitable place where access ramp
is constructed.

c. If rocks are encountered, breakers will be used; the broken rocks will be loaded in trucks
and disposed-off from the pit.

d. On completion of the excavation to the required formation level all equipment will use the
ramp to go out of the pit and then the ramp will be removed.

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e. For smaller excavations, an excavator shall start excavation from the existing level and
load the excavated material directly onto the trucks to reach to the finished formation level.

7. Cut Slopes: - It will be ensured that the slopes of all cuttings and rocks (if required) are
such that stability and safety are maintained at all the times.

8. Disposal of excavated material: - Material will be disposed as per condition of contract.

9. Inspection and acceptance of works: - Upon completion of excavation, the finished


formation area will be offered to Employer for inspection and approval to proceed with
subsequent activities.

With reference to surveyor’s markings and from the excavation plan drawing we marked the
area to be excavated.

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On site while excavating we came across underground cables. Only after removing the cables,
the work started again.

The excavation is in progress, required depth of excavation is 3m from the existing ground
surface. It is not same everywhere. In some portion, we found rock so excavation had done for
a smaller depth.

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If rocks are encountered the area covering rock has been marked and measured the length,
width and depth, breakers will be used. The debris will be loaded in trucks and disposed-off
from the pit. For these areas, after excavation surveyor came and took the level from the ground
to know the rock cutting depth and also to check whether finished formation level has been
achieved or not.

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MACHINERY USED:

Excavator : TATA Hitachi EX 200 LC

Bucket capacity : 0.8 m3

Productivity

Start End Time Total Time No of Capacity Theoretical Actual


Time Buckets of dumper Bucket Bucket
(min) Capacity Capacity

10:27 10:34 7 21 16 0.8 0.761

10:51 10:58 7 20 16 0.8 0.8

11:42 11:50 8 24 16 0.8 0.667

12:08 12:18 10 27 16 0.8 0.592

12:36 12:43 7 21 16 0.8 0.761

2:28 2:36 8 25 16 0.8 0.64

Dumper : Mahindra

Capacity : 16 m3

CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. Area to be excavated is clean and cleared of bushes, vegetation, trees etc.


2. Machinery & tools wellness certificate is checked and found okay.
3. Underground installations protected, supported or removed when excavation is open.
4. Barriers provided at all remotely located excavations, wells, pits, shafts, etc.
5. Ladders used in excavations secured and extended 3 feet above the edge of the trench.
6. Excavation depth & width defined & marked on ground with marginal space required
for working as per engineering practice.
7. RL taken at every layer/left dead man post wherever hardness changes as per BOQ.
8. Final excavation level achieved and confirmed with the final contour plan (EGL –
Excavated Ground Level).

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Things learnt:

1) Plotting the things from drawing to site.


2) Handling the workers.

3) Understanding the drawings.

4) Comparing theoretical and actual productivity of machinery used.

5) Taking measurement for the rock drilling.

5.2 SIDE RAILING:

Side railing is a traditional method used for marking the footings and column positions. These
are actually batters covering the perimeter of structure, where treads (linedori) are fixed to
batters to find the centre of the footings and columns.

According to the surveyor’s reference points carpenter fixed the batter boards covering the
perimeter of the structure.

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Surveyor had marked two gridlines each in vertical and horizontal directions on the side rails
and cross checked the right angle of the side rails. With reference to centre line plan and marked
gridlines, carpenter marked all the gridlines on the batter boards.

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CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. Checking the distance of gridlines marked on side rails with reference to centre line
drawing.
2. Checking the right angles of side rails.
Things learned:

1) Handling the workers.

2) Understanding the drawings.

3) Plotting the things from drawing to site.

4) Checking the siderails position with references to centre line drawing.

5.3 SOLING:

Soling consists of laying the crushed stone quarries one adjacent to another, filling the gaps
with the sand/murram. After laying for the entire area, consolidating with the heavy rollers or
by ramming is done. Over this regular foundation is carried out.

It is one of the most common techniques used for soil stabilization. It helps in enhancing the
bearing capacity of soil.

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PROCEDURE:

1. Check level of the soil on which soling needs to be done.

2. The layer of sub - soil should be well compacted and its FDD should be in conformance with
the requirement.

3. Obstacles to be cleared from the area where soling needs to be done.

4.The soling stone used should as per requirement (max. 230mm)

5. Soling stone shall be such that the broader end is at bottom and narrow one at top.

6. Compacted Thickness of soling layer should be in conformance with the drawing.

7. After the laying the stones to required height fill the voids with a suitable binding material.
(Stone dust/10 mm / 20 mm / Murram)

8.Water shall be sprinkled on top and properly compacted with an appropriate roller

9. The requisite roller shall run over the same surface of rolling for at least 8 times still the
soling course is well consolidated.

After excavating the area water is sprayed in the pit and then compaction has to be done.

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After compacting the surface, soling stones are to be laid in two layers of 230 mm each. After
laying each layer compaction has to be done and gaps are filled with sand. To ensure that the
desired thickness is achieved four marking rods are placed at the four corners.

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CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. Ensuring that compaction has been done properly.


2. No debris should be there in the excavated pit.
3. Thickness of soling layer has to be 460 mm as per drawing.
4. Gaps should be properly filled with binding material.
Things learned:

1) Importance of soling.
2) Handling the workers.
3) Plotting the things from drawings to site.
4) How checking should be done.

5.4 ANTI TERMITE TREATMENT:

Anti-termite treatment is a process in which soil treatment is applied to a building in early


stages of its construction. The purpose of anti-termite treatment is to provide the building with
a chemical barrier against the sub terrain termites.

CHEMICAL USED:

The chemical used foe this is Chlorpyrifos 20 EC(1% concentration by weight).

PROCEDURE:

1. At plinth filling holes should be dug at the distance of 150mm c/c up to the depth of
500mm, Do the holes of 12mm Dia steel rod to facilitate saturation of the soil with the
chemical emulsion at the rate of 5lit/sq. meter
2. At the junctions of walls & floors chemical emulsion at the rate of 7.5lit/sq. meter by
making small channels
3. At the external perimeter of building holes will be dug at the distance of 150mm c/c up
to the depth of 300mm the rod should be moved backward or forward parallel to the
wall chemical emulsion at the rate of 7.5lit/sq. meter the soil should be tamped back
into place after the operation
4. At expansion joints at ground floor level after soil filling at the rate of 2lit per linear
meter
5. At soil surrounded pipes, wastages and conduits soil surrounded the point of entry shall
be loosened around such pipe for a distance of 150mm and to a depth of 75mm before
treatment with the chemical emulsion at the rate of 5lit/sq. meter
6. At retaining walls soil above floor level shall be treated at the rate of 7.5lit/sq. meter
vertical surface

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After excavation surface is levelled, anti-termite chemical is sprayed on the surface. After
backfilling the excavated area again anti-termite treatment is done on the surface.

Things learned:

1) Controlling the labour.


2) Ensuring that it is sprayed uniformly over the surface.

This is how the chemical is sprayed over the surface after excavation and backfilling.

5.5 PLAIN CEMENT CONCRETE (PCC):

Plain cement concrete also known as mud mat and concrete bed is used for levelling, bedding
for footings, grade slabs etc. PCC provides a non-porous, rigid, impervious, firm and uniform
surface for laying RCC.

PROCEDURE:

1. Clean & remove all loose & slush from bottom surface of footing.
2. Providing the side shutters of 150mm height or as per the requirement ensuring the top
of shutters is same at all the area with proper supporting arrangement.
3. Placing the level pad in frequent interval with required level as per drawing few hours
before starting the concrete works.
4. Obtaining pour clearance from client.
5. Laying of concrete whether by manual or pumping concrete to the required level with
reference to level pads.

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6. Carrying out the finishing for the top surface of concrete.


Grade of concrete used on site for PCC is M10.

Mix proportion: 1:3:6

After soling, formwork for PCC is fixed and then concreting has to be done for a thickness of
100 mm which is mentioned in the drawing.

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CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1) Thickness of PCC layer


2) Levelling of the surface is done.
3) Checking of formwork.
Things learnt:

1) Handling the workers.


2) Understanding the drawings.
3) How checking should be done.

5.6 CONCRETE WORKS:

The concreting works are divided into three stages

1. Shuttering.
2. Reinforcement.
3. Concreting.
5.6.1 SHUTTERING:

Selection of right formwork system plays a vital role in completing the structure within the
stipulated period with required accuracy and safety. In order to meet the construction schedule,
a detailed analysis on structure is to be carried out before finalizing the formwork system.
Structure type, height, number of floor plays a major role in selecting the formwork system.
Conventional wooden formwork has been used on site.

FOOTING:

With reference to gridlines given by surveyor, centre of each footing has been marked using
thread (linedori). Formworks are then fixed at the required positions with the help of plumb
bob.

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At first the level of PCC is checked and centre of the footing is marked with the help of nail,
on footing formwork. After marking on both side, the formwork is aligned with the centre
obtained from side rail by plumb bob.

Side supports are fixed and formwork is ready.

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CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. The size of the formwork and diagonal of it.


2. Alignment of the formwork and its position.
3. Formwork has to be clean.
4. Side supports are properly fixed to the formwork.
5. Concrete top level has been marked.
6. Check the gaps if any between formwork and PCC top level.
7. Relevant PPEs in place & pep-talk provided & safe access,
safety net & life line in place

PEDESTAL:

To set the formwork of pedestal, starters are fixed perpendicularly to each other. The distance
of these starters should be checked from the centre of the column reinforcement considering
the thickness of the formwork and size of the column.

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Over the ply wooden Patti should be fixed. Formwork is fixed with the help of chavi and M.S
clamps (shikanja). Adjustable props are fixed on all the sides.

CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. The size of the formwork and diagonal of it.


2. Formwork has to be clean.
3. Fix M.S clamps in sufficient quantity.
4. Side supports are properly fixed to the formwork.
5. Formwork reference line verified as per drawing &
panels erected with the reference / starter.
6. Concrete top level has been marked.
7. Verticality of column is checked.
8. Relevant PPEs in place & pep-talk provided & safe
access, safety net & life line in place

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PLINTH BEAM:

From the architectural and engineering point of view, plinth work is the most important activity
in building construction. After setting the formwork, all the peripheral and internal room
dimension are to be checked and offsets and projections of the building are to be confirmed.
Mistakes committed at plinth level cannot be rectified at later stage.

Before setting the formwork for plinth beams, backfilling of footings has to be done.

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After backfilling the footings up to plinth level, compaction is done with the help of vibrating
plate compactor. The vibrating plate compactor used on our site is of 2 ton and is driven by 3
HP, 3 phase high efficiency electric motor.

Then PCC (M10) of thickness 75 mm is laid over the compacted earth to give a level surface
for setting up the formwork.

The plinth R.L is first finalized with respect to the T.B.M using tube level. With reference to
the plinth beam drawing, the width of the plinth beam is marked and then formwork is fixed
with the help of props.

CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. Base surface hard enough & well consolidated/compacted before staging.


2. Slab level & beam bottom / drop panel level checked with RL.
3. Dimensions & diagonals of beam checked & construction joints.
4. All the dimensions & diagonals are as per architectural drawing.
5. Stopper locations marked on the beam formwork.
6. Relevant PPEs in place & pep-talk provided & safe access, safety net & life line in
place.

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5.6.2 REINFORCEMENT:

From the GFC drawing, bar bending schedule (BBS) is prepared for footings, pedestal and
plinth beams. We cross checked the BBS given by the contractor with the same.

At first the contractor performs tests on reinforcement with third party consultant and submits
reports. After approval of these reports the work will be proceeded.

After fixing the formwork, reinforcement should be fixed and aligned according to GFC
drawing.

Reinforcement bar: Fe500 TMX. (Thermax bars).

COVERBLOCKS:

Cover blocks are the blocks which are used to give the spacing from the reinforcement and the
outer face. The clear covers are given below-

MEMBER COVER (mm)

FOOTINGS 50

PEDESTAL 40

BEAM 25

LAP LENGTH: Lap length is the minimum length that has to be provided if two bars are joined
together such that forces can be transferred safely.

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According to IS456:2000,

Lap length in tension:

1. For flexural tension- Ld or 30d whichever is more.


2. For direct tension- 2Ld or 30d whichever is more.
Lap length in compression shall be equivalent to development length in compression but not
less than 24d.

Development length provided is 40d.

BINDING WIRE:

We are using the binding wire of thickness 16 gauge (i.e. 1.29mm). One Metric Ton of steel
requires 8-10kg of binding wire.

Every joint of steel should be bonded with the binding wire.

After fixing the formwork, reinforcement should be fixed and aligned according to GFC
drawing.

FOOTING:

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Footing mesh (jali) is prepared and it is kept in shuttering maintaining appropriate covers from
the side as well as from the bottom.

Reinforcement for pedestal is prepared and its base is tied to the centre of footing reinforcement
with binding wire. Centre of the footing should be matched with the jail or footing. Proper
cover is maintained.

CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. Rebar’s fully clean & free from rust, soil, oil / grease.
2. Check the length and number of main bars.
3. Spacing of stirrups & No of stirrups checked.
4. Approved quality, size & Quantity of cover blocks available.
5. Stirrups are bent as per drawing, dowel arrangement specified & placed as per
approved manner.
6. Relevant PPEs in place & pep talk provided.

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PEDESTAL:

CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. Rebars are clean and free from rust, oil.


2. Approved quality & size of cover blocks available.
3. Diameter, spacing between main bars checked & cover maintained as per drawings &
checked after putting the formwork.

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PLINTH BEAM:

In GFC drawing, the number of bottom bars, bent up bars and top bars along with the details
of rings are mentioned.

Beam reinforcement has to be placed to the position with proper anchorage at the end columns.
Proper cover should be provided to the bottom and the sides of reinforcement.

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INSTALLATION OF MS PLATE WITH REINFORCEMENT:

The base plates have to be fixed at the top of the pedestal as superstructure is PEB. Hot work
permit is to be prepared and it has to be approved by the engineer in charge to start the work.

Size of the plate: 300 X 300.

Thickness of the plate: 12 mm

Size of the rugs: 12 mm diameter bar is used and is bent in


required dimensions.

These rugs have to be welded properly to the MS plate.

Size of the weld: 6 mm

Once they are ready, as per the centreline drawing we need to place the plate at the top of beam
reinforcement.

Initially top level of beam is marked from T.B.M with the help of tube level. To get the centre,
line doris are tied and centre is marked on the plate using plumb bob. With reference to the
centre line drawing, the plate is aligned and levelled using a spirit level.

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Once it is aligned, plate has to be fixed by welding.

CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. Steel has to be clean and free from rust.


2. Spacing of rebar’s, stirrups & No. of stirrups, dia of bars, checked for beam.
3. Relevant PPEs in place & pep talk provided. Safe access, safety net & life line in place.
4. Cover and lap length has to be checked.
5. Proper development length is provided at beam column junction.
6. MS plate has to be aligned properly with the centreline drawing.
7. Plate surface has to be levelled.
5.6.3 CONCRETING:

For procurement, contractor has to submit the proportion and design mix of concrete to be used.
Then only after getting the approval of design engineer, concrete can be used at site.

Grade of concrete used: M30

Concrete should be done only if the surface is dust free and oil or grease should be applied to
all the faces of the shutters.

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On site, we casted 6 cubes for testing. The test is performed on 7th day and on 28th day after the
day of casting.

A needle vibrator is used at site which has 60mm diameter and rotating 3000 to 6000 rpm. We
should not switch on or off the vibrator when it is in the concrete.

After concreting, surface should be properly levelled.

FOOTING:

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PEDESTAL:

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PLINTH BEAM:

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CHECKS TO BE DONE:

1. Concrete Challan & Batch sheet verified with the Approved Mix-design details.
2. Batching time mentioned in the challan has to check.
3. Pour card has to be filled before concreting.
4. Finishing of the surface has to be done properly.
5. Ensure that needle vibrator has to be run parallelly with concreting.
6. Curing in progress as defined & extra concrete lumps has cleaned.
7. Detailed defects with location marked on the floor plan of the specific area.
8. Relevant PPEs in place & pep talk provided.
Things learned:

1) Handling the labour.


2) Understanding the drawings.
3) Plotting the things from drawings to site.
4) How to do checking on the site for formwork, reinforcement, concreting.
5) Documentation.
6) Calculating the quantities
a. Preparing the bar bending schedule.
b. Estimating the concrete and formwork quantities.

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CHAPTER-6

6.0 CHECKLISTS:

Checklists are integral part of quality assurance and quality control. Company’s quality manual
includes all the checklists that have to be filled on site. For every activity, three separate
checklists have to be filled, those are Precheck, Process, Post check respectively.

There are 4 check points included in a checklist, which are

A - Accepted

AWC - Accepted with comment

R - Rejected

NA - Not Applicable.

First checklists are filled by the inspector and are then it is sent to the authorizing person for
authorization. Once the in charge approved the checklist then only the activity can be
proceeded further. The in charge can mark some remarks and reject it. If it is rejected, then
rectifications have to made and has to submit it again for approval.

All the quality issues should be noted and required rectification should be done for every
quality point.

TRAQ:

For having more convenience, L&T Realty now uses TRAQ App for filling check list on site.
TRAQ is a mobile app which provides an opportunity to conduct, record and report project
wise quality inspection with two level authorization. It has convenience of intermediate saving
of an inspection and continuing it later. The added advantage of this app is that the higher
authority also gets to know about the things that are happening on the sites. The process of
authorization is similar to the manual checklist procedure.

There are total 469 checklist in the L&T Realty administration.

The advantage of this app:

1. Inspection conducted by user cannot be edited by anyone else before, during or after
inspection submission.
2. Paper work is less which in turn saves time and money.
3. Actual photos can be attached to the report as proof.
4. Data for all inspections is stored and made available for trend analysis.
5. Standard reports such as inspection conducted, accepted, rejected per inspector, per
contractor, per phase, per area, per week, per month etc will be generated periodically
and sent to the higher authorities through mail.

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1. Precheck: It has to be done before stating of an activity.

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2. Process: It has to be filled during execution of the work.

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3. Post check: It has to be filled once the work is completed.

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