Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Submitted by
GOLLAPUDI TEJA
AP17438
In partial fulfilment of Academic Requirement for the award of Post Graduate Program in
Advanced Construction management
2017-2019
This training owes its completion to the guidance and contributions of many without whose
help it would not have been possible for us to move ahead.
I am very thankful to LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED, REALTY DIVISION for having
given me the opportunity to undertake my Technical Internship Programme at their prestigious
SALES OFFICE & SAMPLE FLAT, MULUND PROJECT. It is a very good learning
experience for me to have worked at this site as this project involved many new and unique
construction practices and challenges.
I would like to thank Mr. Narendra Karkhanis, Head- Special Project for their continuous
encouragement and guidance throughout for successful completion of internship program.
I would like to convey my special thanks and gratitude to Mr. Ankush kumavat, Sr. Engineer
and Ms. Sampada Kadam, Sr. Engineer for their constant guidance and support. Their
valuable suggestions have contributed in every way for shaping this training into a productive
one.
The Managers, Engineers and the support Staff working in L&T Reality Mulund Project have
always extended their warm support and helped me in every possible way for the successful
completion of my training. I extend our sincere thanks to each and every one of them.
GOLLAPUDI TEJA
5.3 Soling
5.6.1 Shuttering
5.6.2 Reinforcement
5.6.3 Concreting
Chapter-6………Checklists 53
1
CHAPTER-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
L&T Realty is the real-estate development arm of Larsen & Toubro. L&T is a
major Indian multinational in technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and
financial services, with global operations. Its products and systems are marketed in over
30 countries worldwide. A strong, customer–focused approach and the constant quest for
top-class quality have enabled L&T to attain and sustain leadership in its major lines of
business for over seven decades.
L&T Realty has an impressive presence across Western India, Southern India and
Chandigarh with many residential, commercial and retail projects. The company is
committed to creating landmarks of excellence. This is reflected in its business parks built
to support uninterrupted work 24x7, the under-construction Transit Oriented
Development (India’s largest), in Navi Mumbai – Sea woods Grand Central, and its
much-coveted residential buildings and complexes.
The company believes that progress must be achieved in harmony with the
environment and is deeply committed to environmental protection and community
welfare. Each project is a mission to fulfil customer expectations and a promise to set
new standards of delivery and satisfaction.
L&T gives a very great importance to the policies on which they believe and these policies
drives the project to finish with quality, safety and in time.
1.VISION
2.EHS POLICY
3.QUALITY POLICY:
SUBRATA
BANDYOPADHYAY
Business Head
RAGINI
BORGOHAIN
Project Coordinator,
Seawoods & Mulund `
NARENDRA
KARKHANIS
Project Head
Coordinator
Sr.
Sr. Engineer Engineer,
(Core & Planning
Shell)
Sr.
Engineer
(Finishing)
CHAPTER-2
Mulund project comprises 5 majestic residential towers. It consists of 57 Floors in each tower
including 2 basement, 7 Podiums, Typical floors and 9 Refuge floors. Total built-up area is
46.24 lac sq. ft with 2407 flats comprising of 2, 2.5, 3 & 3.5 BHK.
As a JV agreement, Nirmal Lifestyle Developers Pvt. Ltd has to hand over the land to L&T
Realty, in which residential complex is going to come up. For that process, they have to
construct an approach road of 12 m, remove RMC plant, encroachment land and demolition of
3 core which is of existing hotel in the site.
Current status of the project: The project is in pre-construction phase. The IOD and MOEF
application is in process and sales office sample flat (SOSF) is under construction.
``
LAYOUT:
SITE ADDRESS: Mulund project, LBS Road, Opposite to Nirmal Lifestyle Mall,
Mulund West, Mumbai.
CLIENT
• L & T Realty
• Nirmal Lifestyle Developers pvt. Ltd
CONTRACTOR
There will be 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 BHK flats which altogether includes 2407 number of flats.
Floor Sequence:-
Flat
Total
No.
2BHK-S1 64
2BHK-S2 114
2BHK-L 111
2.5BHK 66
3BHK-S 64
3BHK-L 64
3BHK+Serv 57
TOTAL 540
– TA
SOSF:
Area: 8395 sqft.
Project cost: 671 lacs
Project duration: 6 months.
There are 2, 3 BHK sample flat and a sales gallery.
CHAPTER-3
3.0 SCHEDULE OF INTERNSHIP:
CHAPTER-4
4.0 SAFETY
Larsen & Toubro being ranked top most company in the maintenance of safety
for its employees, has set up very high standards for ensuring safety to its employees.
Safety is considered as one of the most important aspect in any construction firm as it
can make or break the reputation of a particular company and the standards of the
working environment for the workers. The site has EHS committee comprising the
Project manager, Safety In-charge, Construction Manager, Planning manager &
sections heads. They conduct meeting once in a month to discuss all the safety aspects
of the project and the review of previous meetings are also done.
The site has a full - fledged unit for Health, Safety & Environment system to ensure
that the project work is being carried out in a safe manner. The objective of site EHS
department is as follows:
• Establish & define line of command for resolution of all hazards prevention
issues.
• Define individual responsibilities hazard prevent ion & safety promotion
Responsibility at each level of the construction team.
• Identify highly hazardous operations within the scope of work and specify
integrated preventive measures to mitigate the same.
These are the various PPE’s and safety devices, which are used for various types of protection
at site:
• Head Protection: All personals engaged for this job has to wear safety helmet
along with Chinstrap.
• Hand protection: Appropriated hand gloves will be used for materials handling,
concreting, welding, grinding, gas cutting, for chemical handling & Electrical
work.
• Eye Protection: Suitable goggles must be ensured for the personnel deployed
for welding (Face Shield), Grinding, Gas Cutting, Concreting, Chipping etc.
work at site.
• Ear protection: The personnel engaged in the noise zone such as compressor
operator, Pneumatic Vibrators & Breakers, DG Operator etc. will be equipped
with suitable ear protection.
• Protection from Dust & other poisonous gases: Suitable nose mask, face shield
are to be used by the individuals to protect them from dust, fumes & poisonous
and toxic gases.
• Body protection: Appropriate body protect ion like Boiler Suit, the concern
personnel at site must use Aprons.
• Fall protection: All personnel working over 2.0 meter height must have the
safety belt tied in his waste at the ground level. Further, he will have to anchor
the safety belt with a fixed structure before starting the work at height. Some
special type of safety belt like fall arrest devices also will be in used according
to the nature & area of work.
1. Helmet
2. Hand gloves (rubber, leather and cotton)
3. Safety belt
4. Goggles
5. Safety shoes
6. Barricading tape
7. Nose masks
8. Reflective jacket
9. Fire bucket
10. Fire extinguisher
Unsafe Act: A deviation from accepted norm or correct procedure or practice, which
has a potential to cause accident.
The Work permit system is being implemented at site, wherein the following
procedure is adopted:
EHS Committee shall identify the areas and activity requiring Work permit. Before
starting any work under WPS, the section head (Permittee) sends detailed information
regarding the nature of work for which authorization under WPS has been sought in
the prescribed form.
After physical inspection as above, the issuing authority consults Safety manager on
safety aspects referring to the instructions given in the form and authorizes the
Permittee to carry out the work under the permitted safe conditions on daily basis.
After completion of the job, the Permittee to the issuing authority brings the permit
back
CHAPTER-5
PROCEDURES:
1. Survey setting out: - Permanent benchmarks will be established based on survey control
points provided by Employer. The Excavation shall be controlled for position and levels
by field surveyor.
3. Existing Level: - The existing level will be surveyed and recorded before starting
excavation.
4. Plant & Equipment:- The following plant & equipment will be utilized for excavation
works as required :-
a. Excavator / Rock Cutter.
b. Trucks / Dumper.
5. Dewatering: - All excavation will be kept free from water during excavation to final
formation level, as the dewatering system will be continued to operate. The dewatering
arrangement shall be installed once the formation level of the excavation is lower than the
water table of that area
a. First Stage: The excavator will start from the existing level. In this stage, one excavator
will excavate starting from one corner preparing ramp for access for excavator and trucks.
b. Second Stage: This is the main stage of excavation; one or more excavators will start
excavation, loading trucks starting from one corner of the basement, then taking two sides
of excavation simultaneously and coming back up to a suitable place where access ramp
is constructed.
c. If rocks are encountered, breakers will be used; the broken rocks will be loaded in trucks
and disposed-off from the pit.
d. On completion of the excavation to the required formation level all equipment will use the
ramp to go out of the pit and then the ramp will be removed.
e. For smaller excavations, an excavator shall start excavation from the existing level and
load the excavated material directly onto the trucks to reach to the finished formation level.
7. Cut Slopes: - It will be ensured that the slopes of all cuttings and rocks (if required) are
such that stability and safety are maintained at all the times.
With reference to surveyor’s markings and from the excavation plan drawing we marked the
area to be excavated.
On site while excavating we came across underground cables. Only after removing the cables,
the work started again.
The excavation is in progress, required depth of excavation is 3m from the existing ground
surface. It is not same everywhere. In some portion, we found rock so excavation had done for
a smaller depth.
If rocks are encountered the area covering rock has been marked and measured the length,
width and depth, breakers will be used. The debris will be loaded in trucks and disposed-off
from the pit. For these areas, after excavation surveyor came and took the level from the ground
to know the rock cutting depth and also to check whether finished formation level has been
achieved or not.
MACHINERY USED:
Productivity
Dumper : Mahindra
Capacity : 16 m3
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
Things learnt:
Side railing is a traditional method used for marking the footings and column positions. These
are actually batters covering the perimeter of structure, where treads (linedori) are fixed to
batters to find the centre of the footings and columns.
According to the surveyor’s reference points carpenter fixed the batter boards covering the
perimeter of the structure.
Surveyor had marked two gridlines each in vertical and horizontal directions on the side rails
and cross checked the right angle of the side rails. With reference to centre line plan and marked
gridlines, carpenter marked all the gridlines on the batter boards.
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
1. Checking the distance of gridlines marked on side rails with reference to centre line
drawing.
2. Checking the right angles of side rails.
Things learned:
5.3 SOLING:
Soling consists of laying the crushed stone quarries one adjacent to another, filling the gaps
with the sand/murram. After laying for the entire area, consolidating with the heavy rollers or
by ramming is done. Over this regular foundation is carried out.
It is one of the most common techniques used for soil stabilization. It helps in enhancing the
bearing capacity of soil.
PROCEDURE:
2. The layer of sub - soil should be well compacted and its FDD should be in conformance with
the requirement.
5. Soling stone shall be such that the broader end is at bottom and narrow one at top.
7. After the laying the stones to required height fill the voids with a suitable binding material.
(Stone dust/10 mm / 20 mm / Murram)
8.Water shall be sprinkled on top and properly compacted with an appropriate roller
9. The requisite roller shall run over the same surface of rolling for at least 8 times still the
soling course is well consolidated.
After excavating the area water is sprayed in the pit and then compaction has to be done.
After compacting the surface, soling stones are to be laid in two layers of 230 mm each. After
laying each layer compaction has to be done and gaps are filled with sand. To ensure that the
desired thickness is achieved four marking rods are placed at the four corners.
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
1) Importance of soling.
2) Handling the workers.
3) Plotting the things from drawings to site.
4) How checking should be done.
CHEMICAL USED:
PROCEDURE:
1. At plinth filling holes should be dug at the distance of 150mm c/c up to the depth of
500mm, Do the holes of 12mm Dia steel rod to facilitate saturation of the soil with the
chemical emulsion at the rate of 5lit/sq. meter
2. At the junctions of walls & floors chemical emulsion at the rate of 7.5lit/sq. meter by
making small channels
3. At the external perimeter of building holes will be dug at the distance of 150mm c/c up
to the depth of 300mm the rod should be moved backward or forward parallel to the
wall chemical emulsion at the rate of 7.5lit/sq. meter the soil should be tamped back
into place after the operation
4. At expansion joints at ground floor level after soil filling at the rate of 2lit per linear
meter
5. At soil surrounded pipes, wastages and conduits soil surrounded the point of entry shall
be loosened around such pipe for a distance of 150mm and to a depth of 75mm before
treatment with the chemical emulsion at the rate of 5lit/sq. meter
6. At retaining walls soil above floor level shall be treated at the rate of 7.5lit/sq. meter
vertical surface
After excavation surface is levelled, anti-termite chemical is sprayed on the surface. After
backfilling the excavated area again anti-termite treatment is done on the surface.
Things learned:
This is how the chemical is sprayed over the surface after excavation and backfilling.
Plain cement concrete also known as mud mat and concrete bed is used for levelling, bedding
for footings, grade slabs etc. PCC provides a non-porous, rigid, impervious, firm and uniform
surface for laying RCC.
PROCEDURE:
1. Clean & remove all loose & slush from bottom surface of footing.
2. Providing the side shutters of 150mm height or as per the requirement ensuring the top
of shutters is same at all the area with proper supporting arrangement.
3. Placing the level pad in frequent interval with required level as per drawing few hours
before starting the concrete works.
4. Obtaining pour clearance from client.
5. Laying of concrete whether by manual or pumping concrete to the required level with
reference to level pads.
After soling, formwork for PCC is fixed and then concreting has to be done for a thickness of
100 mm which is mentioned in the drawing.
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
1. Shuttering.
2. Reinforcement.
3. Concreting.
5.6.1 SHUTTERING:
Selection of right formwork system plays a vital role in completing the structure within the
stipulated period with required accuracy and safety. In order to meet the construction schedule,
a detailed analysis on structure is to be carried out before finalizing the formwork system.
Structure type, height, number of floor plays a major role in selecting the formwork system.
Conventional wooden formwork has been used on site.
FOOTING:
With reference to gridlines given by surveyor, centre of each footing has been marked using
thread (linedori). Formworks are then fixed at the required positions with the help of plumb
bob.
At first the level of PCC is checked and centre of the footing is marked with the help of nail,
on footing formwork. After marking on both side, the formwork is aligned with the centre
obtained from side rail by plumb bob.
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
PEDESTAL:
To set the formwork of pedestal, starters are fixed perpendicularly to each other. The distance
of these starters should be checked from the centre of the column reinforcement considering
the thickness of the formwork and size of the column.
Over the ply wooden Patti should be fixed. Formwork is fixed with the help of chavi and M.S
clamps (shikanja). Adjustable props are fixed on all the sides.
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
PLINTH BEAM:
From the architectural and engineering point of view, plinth work is the most important activity
in building construction. After setting the formwork, all the peripheral and internal room
dimension are to be checked and offsets and projections of the building are to be confirmed.
Mistakes committed at plinth level cannot be rectified at later stage.
Before setting the formwork for plinth beams, backfilling of footings has to be done.
After backfilling the footings up to plinth level, compaction is done with the help of vibrating
plate compactor. The vibrating plate compactor used on our site is of 2 ton and is driven by 3
HP, 3 phase high efficiency electric motor.
Then PCC (M10) of thickness 75 mm is laid over the compacted earth to give a level surface
for setting up the formwork.
The plinth R.L is first finalized with respect to the T.B.M using tube level. With reference to
the plinth beam drawing, the width of the plinth beam is marked and then formwork is fixed
with the help of props.
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
5.6.2 REINFORCEMENT:
From the GFC drawing, bar bending schedule (BBS) is prepared for footings, pedestal and
plinth beams. We cross checked the BBS given by the contractor with the same.
At first the contractor performs tests on reinforcement with third party consultant and submits
reports. After approval of these reports the work will be proceeded.
After fixing the formwork, reinforcement should be fixed and aligned according to GFC
drawing.
COVERBLOCKS:
Cover blocks are the blocks which are used to give the spacing from the reinforcement and the
outer face. The clear covers are given below-
FOOTINGS 50
PEDESTAL 40
BEAM 25
LAP LENGTH: Lap length is the minimum length that has to be provided if two bars are joined
together such that forces can be transferred safely.
According to IS456:2000,
BINDING WIRE:
We are using the binding wire of thickness 16 gauge (i.e. 1.29mm). One Metric Ton of steel
requires 8-10kg of binding wire.
After fixing the formwork, reinforcement should be fixed and aligned according to GFC
drawing.
FOOTING:
Footing mesh (jali) is prepared and it is kept in shuttering maintaining appropriate covers from
the side as well as from the bottom.
Reinforcement for pedestal is prepared and its base is tied to the centre of footing reinforcement
with binding wire. Centre of the footing should be matched with the jail or footing. Proper
cover is maintained.
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
1. Rebar’s fully clean & free from rust, soil, oil / grease.
2. Check the length and number of main bars.
3. Spacing of stirrups & No of stirrups checked.
4. Approved quality, size & Quantity of cover blocks available.
5. Stirrups are bent as per drawing, dowel arrangement specified & placed as per
approved manner.
6. Relevant PPEs in place & pep talk provided.
PEDESTAL:
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
PLINTH BEAM:
In GFC drawing, the number of bottom bars, bent up bars and top bars along with the details
of rings are mentioned.
Beam reinforcement has to be placed to the position with proper anchorage at the end columns.
Proper cover should be provided to the bottom and the sides of reinforcement.
The base plates have to be fixed at the top of the pedestal as superstructure is PEB. Hot work
permit is to be prepared and it has to be approved by the engineer in charge to start the work.
Once they are ready, as per the centreline drawing we need to place the plate at the top of beam
reinforcement.
Initially top level of beam is marked from T.B.M with the help of tube level. To get the centre,
line doris are tied and centre is marked on the plate using plumb bob. With reference to the
centre line drawing, the plate is aligned and levelled using a spirit level.
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
For procurement, contractor has to submit the proportion and design mix of concrete to be used.
Then only after getting the approval of design engineer, concrete can be used at site.
Concrete should be done only if the surface is dust free and oil or grease should be applied to
all the faces of the shutters.
On site, we casted 6 cubes for testing. The test is performed on 7th day and on 28th day after the
day of casting.
A needle vibrator is used at site which has 60mm diameter and rotating 3000 to 6000 rpm. We
should not switch on or off the vibrator when it is in the concrete.
FOOTING:
PEDESTAL:
PLINTH BEAM:
CHECKS TO BE DONE:
1. Concrete Challan & Batch sheet verified with the Approved Mix-design details.
2. Batching time mentioned in the challan has to check.
3. Pour card has to be filled before concreting.
4. Finishing of the surface has to be done properly.
5. Ensure that needle vibrator has to be run parallelly with concreting.
6. Curing in progress as defined & extra concrete lumps has cleaned.
7. Detailed defects with location marked on the floor plan of the specific area.
8. Relevant PPEs in place & pep talk provided.
Things learned:
CHAPTER-6
6.0 CHECKLISTS:
Checklists are integral part of quality assurance and quality control. Company’s quality manual
includes all the checklists that have to be filled on site. For every activity, three separate
checklists have to be filled, those are Precheck, Process, Post check respectively.
A - Accepted
R - Rejected
NA - Not Applicable.
First checklists are filled by the inspector and are then it is sent to the authorizing person for
authorization. Once the in charge approved the checklist then only the activity can be
proceeded further. The in charge can mark some remarks and reject it. If it is rejected, then
rectifications have to made and has to submit it again for approval.
All the quality issues should be noted and required rectification should be done for every
quality point.
TRAQ:
For having more convenience, L&T Realty now uses TRAQ App for filling check list on site.
TRAQ is a mobile app which provides an opportunity to conduct, record and report project
wise quality inspection with two level authorization. It has convenience of intermediate saving
of an inspection and continuing it later. The added advantage of this app is that the higher
authority also gets to know about the things that are happening on the sites. The process of
authorization is similar to the manual checklist procedure.
1. Inspection conducted by user cannot be edited by anyone else before, during or after
inspection submission.
2. Paper work is less which in turn saves time and money.
3. Actual photos can be attached to the report as proof.
4. Data for all inspections is stored and made available for trend analysis.
5. Standard reports such as inspection conducted, accepted, rejected per inspector, per
contractor, per phase, per area, per week, per month etc will be generated periodically
and sent to the higher authorities through mail.