Chapter 2-Review of Literature

2.1 Review of relevant studies

An important for society to function is transportation. Malaysia is one of the leading
countries which have been using motorcycle as one of the private transportation. Malaysia
Motorcycle industry scored third growth in a row, gaining 13th place in the world
ranking.(Motorcycle data , 2019).Studies have shown rapid growth in motorcycle use among
Malaysia , China , Vietnam and other Asian countries resulting from urbanization and
development of economic , infrastructure and personal wealth. Law et al., (2015) stated
people in Malaysia still affordable to purchase a motorcycle even though Malaysia is one of
the less advanced economic country. Based on studies, many people nowadays using
motorcycles as for their daily activities such as going to work or school because motorcycles
are compact, agile, consume less and are cheaper to maintain than the automobiles.

However,the accident rate increased correspondingly as increasing the number of

private vehicles.(Ambak et al., 2016).This is further supported by ,Helmets: a road safety
manual, showed major public health problem and a leading cause of death and injury around
occur from road traffic injuries. Moreover, according World Health Organization (2015),
approximately 115 000 adolescents’ die as a result of road injury, and vulnerable road users
such as pedestrians,cyclists and motorcyclists are most young people killed in road crashes.
Based on statical report road accident in Malaysia 2014 by Royal Malaysia Police (PDRM)
shows compared to other vehicles motorcycles are the highest involved in traffic accidents
and the fatal accidents involving 17 motorcyclists are mostly because of head injuries
.However,Liang et al., (2015) stated a major population of patient hospitalized for treatment
of trauma is adolescent motorcycle rider because this population is to be prone with a higher
injury severity differences to a bodily injury pattern and other hospitalized patient dissimilar
from adult motorcycle rider , stipulate the requirement to emphasize use of protective
equipments especially helmet , to reduce rate and severity of injury. . Furthermore, Akaateba
et al., (2014) indicated to develop and effective measures for increasing helmet use in many
countries existing intention need to be intensified Therefore, the Malaysian Government have
considered motorcyclists and pedestrians on high risk of group of road users according Safety
Plan of Malaysia 2014-2020.