Geography ATOLIA CLASSES

Resources and Development B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR

CONTACT : 9828553349

Geography : Contemporary India - II For Class 10

Resources and Development
NCERT QUESTIONS:-

Question 1:
Multiple choice questions
(i) Which one of the following type of resource is iron ore?
(a) Renewable
(b) Biotic
(c) Flow
(d) Non-renewable

(ii) Under which of the following type of resource can tidal energy be put?
(a) Replenishable
(b) Human-made
(c) Abiotic
(d) Non-recyclable

(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?
(a) Intensive cultivation
(b) Deforestation
(c) Over irrigation
(d) Overgrazing

(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced?

(a) Punjab
(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
(c) Haryana
(d) Uttarakhand

(v) In which of the following states is black soil found?

(a) Jammu and Kashmir
(b) Gujarat
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Jharkhand
 Answer
(i) (d) Non-renewable
(ii) (a) Replenishable
(iii) (c) Over irrigation
(iv) (d) Uttarakhand
(v) (b) Gujarat

Question 2:
Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.
(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.
(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?
(iv) What are the biotic and abiotic resources? Give some examples.
 Answer
(i) Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Black soil is ideal for growing cotton.
(ii) Alluvial soil
Alluvial soils are very fertile. They are ideal for growing sugarcane, wheat and paddy. As it has more kankar nodules,
old alluvial is less fertile than new alluvial.

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Geography ATOLIA CLASSES
Resources and Development B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR
CONTACT : 9828553349

(iii) In the hilly areas, soil erosion can be controlled by ploughing across contour lines, making use of terrace farming
techniques and using strips of grass to check erosion by wind and water.
(iv) Biotic resources are composed of living things, and are derived from the biosphere, e.g., human beings, fisheries
and livestock.
Abiotic resources are composed of non-living things, e.g., metals and rocks.

Question 3:
Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61?
(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?
 Answer
(i) Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, land meant for pasture and grazing,
and waste land. Waste land includes rocky, arid and desert areas, and land used for other non-agricultural purposes
such as housing, roads and industry. According to the recent data, about 54% of the total land area is cultivable or
fallow, 22.5% is covered by forests, and 3.45% is used for grazing. The rest is waste land, with traces of miscellaneous
cultivation.
The improper use of forest land has degraded the available land area, and has made conservation of forests difficult.
Human activities such as deforestation, mining and quarrying have contributed to the slow growth rate of forests.
Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.

(ii) Technical and economic development have led to more consumption of resources on account of various factors. In
colonial times, imperial powers would use their technological and economic superiority to establish control over
other countries and thereby gain access to the latter’s resources. Now, one country’s resources became accessible to
the citizens of its colonial ruler too, leading to increased consumption. Also, on account of technical and economic
progress, populations are increasing due to low mortality at all ages. With the development of medicine and health
care, fewer people die due to accidents, diseases, in childbirth etc. This too has contributed to higher consumption of
resources.
EXTRA QUESTIONS:

(Q.) Give two methods for reducing fallow land.

(Ans) The two methods for reducing fallow Land are :

1. Use of fertilizers
2. Crop Rotation or Multiple cropping.

(Q.) Name five categories of land – use pattern.

(Ans) Five categories of land-use pattern are:

1. Forests.
2. Barren & waste lands.
3. Current Fallow
4. Net Sown Area
5. Fallows other than Current Fallow

(Q.) Write two characteristics of alluvial soil.

(Ans) Two main characteristics of alluvial soil are:
1. Alluvial soil are the most widespread soils in India.
2. They were made by deposits brought down by the rivers year after year and arevery fertile, as such, they are very
suitable for cultivation.

(Q.) Mention the root cause for resources depletion at the global level as per Gandhiji.
(Ans) (i) Greedy & selfish nature of the individual.
(ii) Exploitation nature of modern technology.

(Q.) Mention the problems related to mismanagement of resources.

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Geography ATOLIA CLASSES
Resources and Development B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR
CONTACT : 9828553349

(Ans)
(i) Over utilization of resources leads to their depletion.
(ii) Over utilization of the resources leads to environmental degradation.

(Q.) Define conservation of resources.

(Ans) It is defined as the management of the resources by humans which aims at satisfying the needs of the present
generations as well as the aspirations of the future generations.

(Q.) Define resources planning.

(Ans) It is a widely accepted strategy for the judicious use of resources, eg. Dalhousie has vast forest resources but
lacks in infrastructural facilities. Hence, planning is required in developing the resource.

(Q.) Mention the importance of Human beings as an essential component of Resource?

(Ans) Man transform materials available in our environment into resources & use them. Thus Man is considered as
an important component of the Resource. Eg. Wood is a material & when it is utilized it become a piece of furniture
which is a resource.

(Q.) Define Resource.

(Ans) Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically
accessible economically flexible & culturally acceptable can be termed as resource.

(Q.) What is the reason for lack of water infiltration in desert soil?
(Ans) Formation of kanker layer due to calcium deposition restricts the water infiltration.

(Q.) What is the term used for land unfit due to gully formation?
(Ans) The land unfit for cultivation is known as badland.

(Q.) Define shelter belts.

(Ans) Planting rows of trees along the coast and in the desert area to stop the force of wind and sea waves is called
shelter belts.

(Q.) What is contour ploughing?

(Ans) Ploughing along the contours to decelerate the flow of water down the slopes is called contour ploughing.

(Q.) What are gullies?

(Ans) The running water cuts through the clayey soil and make deep channels are called gullies.

(Q.) What does the word laterite mean?

(Ans) The word laterite is derived from a Latin word “later” which means brick.

(Q.) Why does Black soil become difficult to till in rainy season?
(Ans) The Black soil becomes sticky when wet and are difficult to plough; therefore, they have to be tilled
immediately after the first shower.

(Q.) Name 2 states where black soil is found.

(Ans) Black soil is found in Gujarat and Maharashtra.

(Q.) Iron–ore is an example of which kind of resource?

(Ans) Iron-ore is an example of non-renewable resource.

(Q.) Name the soil suitable for growing cotton?

(Ans) Black soil is most suitable and is also called cotton soil.

(Q.) Give an example of replenishable resource.

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Geography ATOLIA CLASSES
Resources and Development B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR
CONTACT : 9828553349

(Ans) Tidal energy is an example of replenishable resource.

(Q.) Name two industrial activities responsible for land degradation?

(Ans) The two industrial activities are:
·Grinding and quarrying of limestone for cement industry.
· Grinding and quarrying of calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry.

(Q.) Name some of the factors responsible for soil formation.

(Ans) Some of the factors responsible for soil formation are:
·relief
·parent rock
· climate
·vegetation
·time.

(Q.) Name the major areas of alluvial soil.

(Ans) Alluvial soil is found in
·Punjab
·Haryana
·U.P
·Bihar
·Jharkhand
· Deltas of Mahanadi, Krishna, Godavari and Kaveri.

(Q.) How can you classify alluvial soil?

(Ans) Alluvial soil can be classified on two basis:
1. On the basis of grains: Duars, Terai
2. On the basis of age : Khaddar, Banghar

(Q.) How are laterite soil formed?

(Ans) Laterite soil is formed due to the process of leaching. Leaching is a process in which top soil is devoid of all the
nutrients due to excessive rainfall and high temperature.

(Q.) India has a wide variety of relief features which are the most important resources. Justify the statement.
(Ans) India has a wide variety of relief features such as mountains plains & plateaus.
(i) About 43% of the land area is plain which provide facilities for agriculture & industry.
(ii) Mountains account for 30% of the land area which provides facilities for tourism & ecological aspects. It also
ensures perennial flow of some rivers.
(iii) About 27% of the plateau region is considered as a storehouse for minerals.

(Q.) Differentiate between resource rich countries and resource poor countries.
(Ans)
Resource Rich Countries Resources poor countries
1. Resource rich countries are basically those which are 1. Resource poor countries are those which have a poor
rich in natural resources such as forest, water etc. resource base.

2. India has rich resource base but due to lack of 2. Japan with no resource base but they are rich in
technology most of them are potential resources. technological skills & talents.

(Q.) List of the various stages of resources planning.

(Ans) Stages of resource planning:
(i) Identification & inventory of resources across the regions of the country which involves surveying mapping &
measurement of resources.
(ii) Evolving a planning structure with appropriate technology skills & institutions to set for implementing the

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Geography ATOLIA CLASSES
Resources and Development B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR
CONTACT : 9828553349

resources development plans

(iii) Match the resources development plans with the overall nation development plans.

(Q.) Explain sustainable economic development.

(Ans) Sustainable economic development means development should take place with the environment not without
the environment, this means development should takes place without damaging the environment & development in
the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generation.

(Q.) Classify resources on the basis of exhaustibility .

(Ans) The classification of resources on the basis of exhaustibility is :

(i) Renewable Resources - The resources that can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical & mechanical
processes. For example solar, tidal and wind energy.

(ii) Non – Renewable Resources – They occur over a very long geological time, taking millions of years in their
formation & get exhausted with their use. For eg. minerals, coal.

(Q.) What is resource? Classify resources on the basis of origin.

(Ans) Resources are the substance which is used to satisfy the human need.
On the basis of origin resources are classified as:
(i) Biotic- These are acquired from Nature and have life such as, human beings, flora and fauna, etc.
(ii) Abiotic- All the non living things are considered as a abiotic resource. For example -rocks and metals.

(Q.) Briefly explain the inter-relationship between Human Society, technology & institutions.
(Ans) Economic development of an area depends upon interaction between human beings and their environment
through technology and institutions. The process of transformation of resources in the given environment is a result
of the interplay of three factors viz Technology, Institution and Human Society.

(Q.) Give an account of distribution of wastelands of India?

(Ans) Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but have also increased the speed of natural
forces to cause damage to land. 130 million hectares of total land is degraded:
·About 28% of the land area is forest degraded area
·56% of the total degraded area of the country is water eroded area
·Wind eroded area account for 10% of the area and
·Saline and alkaline account for 6% of the total.

(Q.) Why certain countries were colonies of other nations?

(Ans) The history of colonization reveals that rich resources in the colonies were the main attractions for the foreign
invaders. The colonizing countries had higher level of technological development, which helped them in exploitation
of resources of other areas. This finally helped them in establishing their supremacy.

(Q.) "Resources are unevenly distributed over India." Explain with example.
(Ans) The resources are very unevenly distributed. There are areas which can be termed as self sufficient whereas,
there are others which have acute shortage. For example, Rajasthan is pretty rich in wind and solar energy but lacks
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Geography ATOLIA CLASSES
Resources and Development B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR
CONTACT : 9828553349

water resources. Arunachal Pradesh has abundant water but lacks in infrastructural development. Leh-Ladakh is rich
in cultural heritage but is isolated.

(Q.) Give the characteristics of Black soil.

(Ans) India has variety of soils, one of the soil found in India is Black soil. The characteristics of it are:
1) This soil are black in colour and is also known as regur soil.
2) They develop cracks during the summer season and are difficult to plough.
3) They are ideal for growing cotton; therefore, are also known as cotton soil.

(Q.) What crops are grown in laterite soil?

(Ans) Laterite soil is formed due to leaching; therefore, it is poor in nutrients and low in humus content. In the hilly
areas of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, this soil is suitable for growing tea and coffee. The red laterite of Tamil
Nadu and Andhra Pradesh is suitable for growing
cashewnuts. This is possible with adequate doses of fertilizers and manures.

(Q.) Give some of the characteristics of alluvial soil.

(Ans) Characteristics of alluvial soil:
1. It is the most widely spread soil of India.
2. It consists of various proportions of sand, silt and clay.
3. It is coarse in upper reaches and fine grained in the lower reaches.
4.They are also classified on the basis of their age into khaddar and bangar.
5.They have an adequate amount of potash, phosphoric acid and lime, which are ideal for growth of food crops.

(Q.) Suggest some measures to control soil erosion.

(Ans) The denudation of soil cover and subsequent washing down of soil is described as soil erosion. Soil erosion can
be controlled by the following ways:
1. Steps can be cut along the slopes making terraces to restrict erosion.
2. Large fields can be divided into strips, to break the force of wind.
3. Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing plants.
4. Plantation of trees in rows along the coastal areas.
5.To check the defective measures of farming.
6.Ploughing along the contour lines.

(Q.) Give main reasons for soil erosion.

(Ans) The main reasons for soil erosion can be divided into two parts: human ad natural factors
Human factors are: Natural factors are:
· deforestation wind
· mining water
· construction glaciers
· over-grazing precipitation

(Q.) Mention the methods to solve the problems of land degradation.

(Ans)
1. Afforestation.
2. Proper management of grazing land.
3. Planting of shelter belts in desert areas.
4. Control on overgrazing.
5. Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes.
6. Proper management of waste lands.
7. Control on mining activities.
8. Proper discharge & disposal of effluents & waste water after treatment, can reduce land degradation.

(Q.) How is resource planning useful?

(Ans)
(i) It reduces resource exploitation.

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Geography ATOLIA CLASSES
Resources and Development B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR
CONTACT : 9828553349

(ii) It keeps the environment pollution free.

(iii) Resources are limited, and thus it is required to conserve them for the future use.
(iv) Resource Planning is also required for rapid economic development.

(Q.) List few activities which results in land – degradation.

(Ans)
1. Deforestation in states like M.P. & Orissa.
2. Overgrazing in the states of Punjab & Haryana have cause land–degradation.
3. Mining & quarrying have contributed a lot in land degradation as, after excavation area is leaving open without any
plantation.
4. Over irrigation in areas such as Punjab & Haryana also leads to land degradation. Due to water logging salinity &
alkalinity in soil are increased.
5. Chemical wastes of industries are source of land degradation.
6. Mineral processing like quarrying and grinding of lime stone for cement industry generates huge quantity of dust in
atmosphere, this dust settles down on land which stops percolation of water in soil.
7. Solid waste disposable are source of land degradation in many major cities of India.
8. Industrial effluents as wastes are a major source of land & water pollution.

(Q.) Mention the importance of natural resources.

(Ans)
(i) They are the main source of our agricultural activities.
(ii) They provide the raw material for the industries.
(iii) All our commercial activities directly or indirectly depend upon them.
(iv) They prove very useful in maintaining the ecological balance.

(Q.) Classify resources on the basis of status of development.

(Ans) Classification of resources on the basis of status of development is as follows :
(i) Potential resources – Resources that are found in the region but have not yet been exploited. For eg: Western part
of India has enormous potential for solar & wind energy which have not been properly utilized.
(ii) Developed resources - Resources which are surveyed & their quantity is determined for utilization, its
development depends on technology & level of their feasibility.
(iii) Stock resources – Material in the environment which has the potential to satisfy human needs but due to the lack
of technology human are not able to utilize them. Eg – water is a compound of hydrogen & oxygen, they are the rich
source of energy but due to lack of technology, we cannot use them.
(iv) Reserves - They are the subset of stock which can be put into use with the help of existing technological skills but
they are not being used at present, taking care of the future requirement.

(Q.) Classify resources on the basis of ownership.

(Ans) Classification of resources on the basis of ownershipis as follows :
(i) Individual resource - The resources that are owned privately by individuals, such as a house or small factoryis
owned by an individual.
(ii) Community owned resources – The resources that are accessible to all the member of the society, eg. Public park.

(iii) National resource – All the resources that belong to a nation such as forests, wildlife.
(iv)International resource – There are international institutions which regulate some resources. For eg – the oceanic
resources beyond 200kms. of exclusive economic zone, belongs to open ocean. No individual country can utilize
these without the interference of international institutions.

(Q.) What do you understand by human resource?

(Ans)
There are differing views regarding treating of humans as a resource but, still some of the common facts are:
i) Human Resource refers to the number (quantity) and abilities (mental and physical) of the people.
ii) It is the abilities of human that help in transferring the physical material into valuable resource.
iii) People can make best use of nature if they have skill and knowledge.
iv) Education and health are two important factors, which makes man a resource.
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Geography ATOLIA CLASSES
Resources and Development B-8, SIKAR HOUSE COLONY, JAIPUR
CONTACT : 9828553349

(Q.) How does sustainable development helps in environment sustainability?

(Ans) Environmental sustainability is the process of making sure current processes of interaction with the
environment, which are pursued with the idea of keeping the environment as unsoiled as naturally possible based on
ideal-seeking behaviour. An "unsustainable situation" occurs when natural capital (the sum total of nature's
resources) is used up faster than it can be replenished. Sustainability requires that human activity only uses nature's
resources at a rate at which they can be replenished naturally.

(Q.) What are the problems associated with indiscriminate use of resources by man?
(Ans) It was believed by man that resources are free gifts of nature. As a result, man has used them indiscriminately
and this has led to major problems such as:
·Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.
·Accumulation of resources in few hands, which in turn divided the society into two segments, i.e., haves and have
nots.
·Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone depletion
etc.

(Q.) Why is technology important in resource utilization?

(Ans) Technology is important because through the use of various technologies, human beings are able to extract the
resources from nature, transform it according to their needs and utilize them.