ACI 305R-10 Guide to Hot Weather Concreting Reported by ACI Committee 305 ane Abd a ke oie Ae Met Fae em acs st a ih ce omer Fecal or a ar hay oh into oo ere: ‘isons oes of ttn ani pa of ‘eit nr ec fate rn ‘Spar es pone ni ebro pi opens Iara pf ref ee ‘pr ts asec ot a or ete i ke pr The marta pcr uty on meee an peri seared as oar an eee en peed ot ‘tne el nde apg AC crit eywarde tn: i get igh ee ‘heb war cms: pl sine, pact mc Aci: Rep Ge Mara a Conmeaies ‘Si impecn coast, Tos doses meade fr Se of atcha wh ‘ae compet eva ‘ls lian comand coments ‘sal econ Te Aenean Coe ie Sele ‘inne ble fray noc dane eo eens "ities ind cnn cay te ‘Nebicevngineoke pan i cete docmat ey ‘Rat erected n mond angus fr ncepaton BF ‘he anhaewEngee ey Har Pameee i Spt ‘CONTENTS Chapter 1—introduction and scope, p.2 Tiesinredsction Ua—Seope ‘Chapt 2—Notaton and definons,p.2 22 Definitions ‘Chapter 3—Potential prebiems and practices, p. 3 ‘SH Potential problens inhot weather 53.2 Potential prblans dated 1 ther fort, 3.3—-Pratices for hot wesherconeeing ‘Chapter 4—Etfects of hot weather on concrete properties, p.3 Te Genen 442--Bstmatngevaporain rate 43—Temersue of conoete 414 Ambient condone 43 Water 4i6—Cement 4\7-Sepplementarycemesttous materials 48—Chemial animes 49—Aggreges 10 Prepertonng Sees* {UIDE TO HOT WEATHER CONCRETING (AC 38-10) (chapter S—Production and delivery, p. 14 Siete! 5.2-—Tempersare contol of concrete '3Batching and mixing Sa—Dalivery 55—Slump adjust 5.6—Propentie of conte minors S7—Reempering Chapter 6—Piacing and curing p. 18 1 —Gerer! (62—Preprations for placing and cing 6.3—Placement and shine 6 —Curing and proction (Chapter 7—Testing and inspection, p. 19 ‘ma Tesing 12—tnspection (Chapter 8—Reteronces, p. 20 {hiReferenee sandr ad reports 2—Citd ferences ‘Appendix A—Estimating concrete temperature, pez ‘Al=Estmatng temperature of feshly mixed concrete ‘A2—Esimatng temperate of concrete with ie Appenetx 8-Metnods fr cooing fresh conerete, Be 'B.1—Cootng wit tiled mixing water B2Liguid nitrogen cooling of mixing water 3 Cooling eowcee with sce BACooling mixed concrete with uid nitogen B.S Cooling of couse aggregates (CHAPTER 1—INTRODUGTION AND SCOPE 1.4introduction Hos wexhe ca create problems in mixing lai, and coring hydrale-cement concrete tha avery affect the proparics and serviceability ofthe comers, Me of thse Problems relat othe Increased ae of cement hyraion ple torpetie and ncn exaporaion i of reste from he ely mid cone, The ra of consent hyation epende on ambient and concrete temperate, cement oumpston ad fneness, aoa! and ype of sapleentaty ‘ements materi, and admits se 'X maximum asplaced concrete temperature is often specified in an effort to conto rate of setting strength lrabiliy, plate svinkage cracking al eracking, 2 Arying svnkage. The placemest of one in hot Wea. homer, it too complet 40 be dealt with by song © ‘maximum ax plced or a-lvens! concrete temperate Concrete drblity is define a the ality of concrete to resi weathering ation, chemical aac, abrasion. o ty ‘ter proces af deteriation (ACI 20.28). Generally, onceesengihs re satisfactory and uring facts ae Sufleleal ovo undesirable dying omar, te Gumby ‘ot hit weather conrete will die get from sini ‘concrete pled at normal emperaues. Where an acceptable ecto fed tests swt availabe, ‘oncreteproporins can be determined by tl batches (ACT SOL and 2171 Trl batches should be mada temperatures amcpated in the work and mixed following one of the procedures deerbed in Section 4.10, Proporioning. The Eonerete supplier is generally responsible Tor determing oreo proportions to probe the required quality of onerete umes speed eterwise Ifthe inal 24-horcusing is at 10°F (3°C).the 28-day compressive srngthof the tes specimens my be 1010 15% Tower tan Teed athe requen ASTM CIICSIM curing temperature (Gaynor etal. 98S). IF the cylinders are allowed to dy a eal ages, srengs wil be reduced even fuer (Cebect 1987). Therefore. proper curing o he tes specimens dung hl weathers iil and steps should be taken to ensure thatthe specie procedares ae followed The elles of igh sie temperate and low reali hum re mre pronounced with increases in wind sped ‘The poesia peolams of hx weather eonerting can osc anytime OF the yet, but generally oceu daring the surmer seston. Drying coiions can accor even a lower tment temperatures, wt lowe et ines, lower vlative amici, sd wind ll of whieh are condive to higher vaperatin,Precaulonry measures rogue On 3 windy, funny day wil be sce than those quite oo a calm, ami iy, even ii temperatures ar ata 1.2-Seope “This uid identifies problems associated wither weather contig un describes paces ht levis ese pte dene efac. These price cade sagged pepations ‘nd proceiures for use in general iypes of hot weather entation, such as pavements, bridges, and buildings ‘Temporure, volume changes, and cracking problems ‘socned with mas corte re eed more org in ‘ACI 207-18, 207.28, and 24R, (CHAPTER 2-NOTATION AND DEFNITIONS 2.4Notation| ES evaporation ate, Bm kgf) eg © water vapor pressure in mg (si Inthe aie ‘Revounding the conereteotaned by tuhipying the saturation vapor pressure tthe temperature af the ir sounding the concrete by the rae amity of te a Ai temperature and elaive ait are measured aproimately 1.210 18m (10 6) above the conrete surface on the windward se an shielded rom the sun's ays Saturation water vapor pressure in mg (ps) in the armel eve te coer sri atthe ‘emercte temperate. Oba from Table 2(2) orth) = _‘sturtion vapor pressure, KP (ps) P= Genie omy pecen/100 T= temperature, "CC 1, alrtempertise,*FC)‘GUDE TO HOT WEATHER CONCRETING (ci 3088-10) 3 concrete (water setae temperate, °F °C) erage wind spend in hmv ph), messed at (0.5m (20 in above dhe concrete surace W >= msssof waterevaporsic in (tb) perm? (of ttercovered eran er host 22—Defintions "ACI provides scompreeasiv ist of deans though an online resource, "ACT Concrte Terminology” Hip! termiplogycencreeorg. The finn proved erin ‘complements thr esate. ‘ot weather—one or a comtination of the following ‘condos tha tends impr he quality of fehl med fe hardened conerete by aecelerting the rte of Mole Toss and rate of cement hydration, of otherwise causing doeenal vl: high ambient empeatre; high corte temperstre: ow relative humid and high wind spss. (CHAPTER 3_POTENTIAL PROBLEMS [AND PRACTICES. '3.1—Potental problems In hot weather Point pebiems for conensein the ely mixed sine inch Increased water demand, + Inceased Yale of slump Joss and_coresponding tendency to add wale al he i se + Increased rate of sting eating in greater daly th banding. compacting, biking. ad reter Fisk of cold joms, + Inoressed tendency for plas shrinkage and thermal cracking: and + Inereated duty in conrting entrained sr content Damage vo concrete cased by hot weather cat ever Be (ally sllevated. Potent deinen to concrete ithe erdned tate ca inl: 4 Decreased sets sung fom higher water demand + Incensdveneney for drying svnkage and ile thermal cackng from ether cooling ofthe overall uct, or fom emperaue differents win the rons econ ofthe member + Decreased durability esting frm racking; and Grater vaiblty of srtce appearance sch as cokd Joins or color diference, de to diferent rites of hydration of diferent waer-cementous material is (fem, 3.2_Potential problems related to other factors ‘Oter factors tht shot Be comiered slong with imate ators nce 1 Cems wih different nd ieessd te of hydaton + Highesy-compronieauengh conre,whehrequler higher cement coments + Thin concrete sections wit conespondingly grester percentages of steel which complicate placing and onlin of oneree, + Bconomi necessity to conve work in extremely bat wether and + Use of sviakage-compensaig cement 3.3_Practices for hot weather concreting “Good jgment is necesary to select procedures that sppropdately bleed qualy, economy. and praca “The procedures seleced wl depend on ype of easton, charts ofthe mera ein dsl he experience ‘th local nds in desing with igh ambien temperate, high eanerte temperatures, fw’ relative hurt, nd ih wind speed, The most serious difcues occur when perme! placing the concrete lack experience in constcing ander hot weather conditions or im doing the parce type of ovstucion. Lastminute "improvisations xe racly focssful, Early preventive measures should be ppled ‘nem om ters evsaton ance plang tnd purchasing, and coonation of all phase of work Planning ia advance for ot weather involve: dted procedures or mining. placing. protecting curing. and feting of concrete. Precautions to aval pas aakage ‘racking are imponant, The poten! for dermal racking, elter fram overall volame changes or from inal esraint,should be atepted o be propery assed. Typical methods ro minimie and to nt erck size a sping nchde proper ur ad timely installation of joins, Increased amounts of reinforcing el, practical its on once femperature, reduced cement content, one ydation cement, and selection and donge of -ppropcne ‘ical ond incr] adnisturs Developing a comprehensive plan and pocedus for we Jn ho weather conereting condtions incl the lowing actos and mesures sed oreo avoid he pote problems of hot weather concreting as discussed in del in CChaier 5, and 6: + Selecting concrete materisls and proporions with siistactery reco in ho weather contion: + Reducing and controlling the emperaure of fresh 4+ Using conse consistency th pes rapidplacemest and effective eonsaiation + Minimizing the Gime to transport, place, eonslgate, and fis the concrete + Sehedling of pacing operations ding tines of the uy origi when wether conditions ar favre: + rotting the coneee from moisture fs during placing an curing periods nd 1+ Scheduling a prepacement conference Yo Seuss the requemens of hat weather concen. (CHAPTER 4—EFFECTS OF HOT WEATHER ON 'CONCRETE PROPERTIES 44ceneral Properties of cncee hat make ian excel constuction mer can be affect adversely by bt weathe. Hara CXets re minimized by rocsdures oie in his pie. Rate of sting strength, permeabiliydimensol ably, ‘nd restance of the concrete to Weathering, wear, a ‘mica stack all depend on the selection and proper onl of melt and mixture propotonigs a ‘anrean Cor ins Cop Mattaw cones