International Scientific Research Organization Journal (ISROJ)

Volume 02 Issue 02 September 2017, ISSN No. – 2455-8818

Index Copernicus ICV Value 49.95
Available Online at- www.isroj.net

Dual Theory of Relativity

Asaidurai. A. R
Quantum Multiverse, CAD/CAM and CNC Technologies,
FGI Academy, Salem 636001, India
asaidurai@yahoo.com
Abstract: -
Considering the relative nature of time, I report on situation where moving clocks run fast. This is significant because in my
imaginary experiment, Rest-Frame observer, as an experimenter, collects experiment’s start and end readings of single rest-clock
of wrist-watch and the same experiment’s start and end readings of two locally synchronized moving-clocks from the same single
spot for analyzing and calculating. The paper should be of interest to readers in the areas of Modern Physics.

Keywords: - moving-clocks, time-contraction, dual-relativity, DTR.

SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY IN REALITY
Time dilation in special theory of relativity
We had celebrated the World Year of Physics 2005 as a
tribute to Einstein. But, it is my strong belief that today’s
Modern Physics might have advanced much far to a new
height than our present one if Einstein failed to prove his
Special Theory of Relativity. Here, logically and
theoretically, I have proved the Dual Theory of Relativity in
the same manner how Einstein was able to succeed when
attempting to give the theoretical proof.
There is no doubt that no one can challenge the experimental
results. But, the concepts may be corrected. Therefore, let us
find out the new concepts or theories that suit our all
experimental results and let us understand the secrets of
nature more perfectly and precisely.
Because, the curvature of space, the fourth dimension of time,
the constancy of light speed, Michelson-Morley experiment,
time-dilation, length-contraction, mass-increase, E=mc² etc.
should be viewed and interpreted with a new angle and
corrected accordingly by examining and even to get new
results nearer to the Real World.

The effect of Einstein’s success compelled the Scientific Einstein has been quoted to have said that if he is wrong, then,
Community especially who were working on Electro- one argument, not hundred will be enough.
Magnetism, Quantum-Physics and Astro-Physics not to look
into the things without keeping in their minds the role of play Special Theory of Relativity has been established on two
by Special Theory of Relativity. Because of it, the angle of postulates.
viewing things of theoretical physicists changed accordingly
and remained still. In my view, Modern Science has gone far 1. Every physics law application behaves same in
away from the right path. But, it is fantasy for the Scientific every inertial frame.
Community who support and favor Einstein’s Special Theory 2. The speed of light in vacuum has the same value of
of Relativity Principle. ‘c’ for any observer.

n the same direction, plenty of experimental proofs have been
also found on laboratories and in outer-space. Of-course, it is
impossible to neglect the experimental results but the results
after the experiments must be interpreted correctly and must
be justified the cause to get them is really because of Special
Theory of Relativity or because of lacking in our
understanding of nature or for getting easy escape and to
conclude their itself.
Why not some unknown theory which is to be discovered yet
be the cause of those experimental proofs? Unless we change
our angle of viewing things from Special Theory of
Relativity, this unknown theory that may be governing the
nature cannot be found. This is the main reason why Einstein
did not succeed in finding a solution for Unified Field Theory
though he worked in his later years for it till last.
36 *Corresponding Author- Asaidurai. A. R
Keeping STR’s two postulates, let us examine again how time
relates to two observers in different inertial frames and one
has parallel uniform straight line motion nearer to the speed
of light to the other.
NEW CONSTRUCTION OF IMAGINARY
EXPERIMENT
Imagine, a person ‘P’ standing on a platform and a person ‘T’
traveling in a train observe a traveling path of a flash emitted
from a torch fixed on the train’s floor and aimed at a mirror
parallel to the floor fixed at the train’s ceiling at some
distance from the torch and opposite side to train’s moving
direction and the aiming angle of the torch to the mirror from
train’s floor ‘Ɵ’ is set equal to cosine inverse of train’s
velocity ‘v’ to the constancy of light speed ‘c’ [ie. Ɵ =
cos¯(v/c)] as shown in Figure 1.
 International Scientific Research Organization Journal (ISROJ)
Volume 02 Issue 02 September 2017, ISSN No. – 2455-8818
Index Copernicus ICV Value 49.95
Available Online at- www.isroj.net
Figure 1
DUAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
A simple experiment which reveals in a direct way the
quantitative relation connecting the time interval between two
events as measured from two different inertial frames is the
following. Imagine a traveler ‘T’ sitting on a train that moves
with uniform velocity ‘v’ with respect to the ground. The
experiment will consist of turning on a flash light fixed at
train’s floor, aimed at a mirror, parallel to the floor, fixed at
the train’s ceiling, at some distance from the torch and
opposite side to train’s moving direction and the aiming angle
of the torch to the mirror from train’s floor ‘Ɵ’ is set equal to
cosine inverse of train’s velocity ‘v’ to the constancy of light
speed ‘c’ [ie. Ɵ = cos¯(v/c)] and measuring the time it takes
the flash to travel oblique path to hit the mirror and be
reflected back to travel oblique path to hit its another mirror
fixed at train’s floor. The situation is illustrated in Figure 1.
Figure 2
a) The path of a light ray as seen by a ground observer
‘P’ in the S’ frame. B is a mirror fixed on the ceiling
at a distance from a flashlight torch which is fixed
on the train’s floor and was aimed at this mirror and
opposite side to train’s moving direction and the
aiming angle of this torch from train’s floor ‘Ɵ’ is
set equal to cosine inverse of train’s velocity ‘v’ to
the constancy of light speed ‘c’ [ie. Ɵ = cos¯(v/c)].
37 *Corresponding Author- Asaidurai. A. R
A and C are the same point namely, starting and
ending of the flash in the experiment.
b) The readings on the ground observer ‘P’ ’s clock at
the start and end of the flash events, showing the
time interval on one stationary clock (S’ frame).
c) The path of the same light ray as seen by a traveler
‘T’ (S frame). A and C are different locations of the
flash at the start and the end of the events in this
frame, as the train moves to the right with speed ‘v’
relative to the ground (S’ frame).
d) The readings on the two moving clocks (locally
synchronized) located at the start (A) of the event
and the end (C) of the event (S frame).
An observer ‘T’ (traveler) sitting on a train [S] that moves
with uniform velocity ‘v’ with respect to the ground frame
[S’] who has two wall-clocks (locally synchronized) on the
walls of the train, say, one at the position (A) the experiment
began (turning on the flashlight torch) and a second at the
position (C) the experiment ended (arrival of the flash to the
mirror fixed on the train’s floor) sees the light ray follows a
strictly oblique path in his frame [S] shown in [Figure 2 (c)].
Another observer ‘P’ (platformer) is standing on the platform
[S’] fixed to the ground who has a wrist-watch, say, sees the
light ray passes vertical path [Figure 2 (a)] from A to B and
returning back from B to C and times the events by his clock
(wrist-watch). This is a proper time interval, measured by
single clock at one place A, the departure and arrival of the
light ray occurring at the same place (A) in the platformer’s
frame [S’]. Hence, the platformer ‘P’ compares the reading of
one stationary clock (platformer’s wrist-watch) to the
readings on two locally synchronized moving clocks. For the
S’ frame’s observer, the light ray passes vertical path [Figure
2 (a)]. Thus, the platformer ‘P’ on the platform measures the
light to travel a lesser distance than does the traveler ‘T’
(because the transverse distance of train’s floor to the ceiling
is the same for both observers). Because of the speed of light
is the same in both frames, the platformer ‘P’ sees less time
elapse between the departure and return of the ray of light
flash than does the traveler ‘T’. He concludes that the
traveler’s clocks run fast [see Figure 2 (b) and (d)].
Here, AD is the horizontal distance traveled at speed ‘v’
during the time the light traveled with speed ‘c’ along the
hypotenuse.
The quantitative result follows at once from the Pythagorean
Theorem, for
 International Scientific Research Organization Journal (ISROJ)
Volume 02 Issue 02 September 2017, ISSN No. – 2455-8818
Index Copernicus ICV Value 49.95
Available Online at- www.isroj.net
Surprisingly, what has been proved here is the “DUAL
THEORY OF RELATIVITY”. That contradicts “SPECIAL
THEORY OF RELATIVITY”. Because, STR declares that
moving clock runs slow but, here, DTR has proved that
moving clocks run fast.
DTR’s imaginary experiment, crystal clearly shows the
platformer ‘P’ as a Rest-Frame’s [S’] observer, observes start
and end of the events of the experiment occurring at the same
place and times the period between them by his single wrist-
watch. Also, he observes the trajectory of the flash as vertical.
According to the platformer ‘P’, the traveler ‘T’ as a Moving-
Frame’s [S] observer, observes start and end of the events of
the experiment occurring at different places and times the
period between them by locally synchronized two clocks, one
at experiment’s starting location and another at experiment’s
ending location in [S] frame. Traveler ‘T’ observes the
trajectory of the flash as oblique. The platformer ‘P’ as a Rest-
Frame’s [S’] observer, compares his stationary single wrist-
watch’s reading (for flash light ray’s time to travel shorter
vertical path) with Moving-Frame’s [S] observers locally
synchronized two moving-clocks’ readings (for flash light
ray’s time to travel longer oblique path). And the platformer
‘P’ as a Rest-Frame’s [S’] observer, concludes that the
Moving-Frame’s [S] traveler’s clocks run fast.
TIME CONTRACTION IN DUAL THEORY OF
RELATIVITY
Dual Theory of Relativity permits the rights for both the
observers to claim other’s moving-clocks run fast.
According to DTR, what Rest-Frame’s [S’] observer,
observes and calculates the changes happened to the Moving-
Frame’s [S] observer’s time, length and mass when Moving-
Frame is in motion have been shown below.
It is not that much important to note whose clock is in motion
instead DTR suggests to note who is observing lengthier-path
of the flash light ray and who is observing shorter-path of the
flash light ray and accordingly, lengthier-path observer’s
clock must run faster than shorter-path observer’s clock.
38 *Corresponding Author- Asaidurai. A. R
It is to be kept in our minds that whatever the effect reaches
to a moving-clock in its inertial frame when observed from
another inertial frame, then, the same amount of effect will
reach to all moving-clocks of that frame.
CLARIFICATION OF DUAL THEORY OF
RELATIVITY
1. The phrase “moving-clocks run fast” means that
locally synchronized clocks moving parallel at a
constant velocity relative to an inertial frame
containing a clock of proper-time exhibit will be
found to run fast when timed by those clocks. We
compare two locally synchronized moving-clocks
with one stationary clock. Those who assume that
the phrase means anything else will encounter
difficulties.
2. An observer is really an infinite set of recording
clocks distributed throughout space, at rest and
synchronized with respect to one another.
3. The space-time coordinates of an event (x,y,z,t) are
recorded by the clock at the location (x,y,z) of the
event at the time (t) it occurs. Measurements thus
recorded throughout space-time (we might call them
local measurements) are then available to be picked
up and analyzed by an experimenter. Thus, the
observer can also be thought of as the experimenter
who collects the measurements made in this way.
Each inertial frame is imagined to have such a set of
recording clocks, or such an observer.
4. The relations between the space-time coordinates of
a physical event measured by one observer [S’] and
the space-time coordinates of the same physical
event measured by another observer [S] are the
equations of transformations.
Now the question of very nature arises to know whether
moving clock runs slow according to STR or moving clocks
run fast according to DTR. Our common sense and
intelligence alert us that both cannot be true at the same time
in any situation and at least one of them must be wrong. Our
curiosity struggles to find out the wrong one.
Between the theoretical proofs of STR and DTR, DTR holds
an extra perfection than STR when collecting the
experiment’s result data for analyzing.
In STR’s theoretical proof, required experiment’s starting
readings on Rest-Clock and Moving-Clock are taken from the
same place. But, required experiment’s ending readings on
Rest-Clock and Moving-Clock are not taken from the same
starting place of the experiment.
In DTR’s theoretical proof, it is not at all hard to notice that
not only the required experiment’s starting readings on Rest-
Clock and Moving-Clock are taken from the same place but
also the required experiment’s ending readings on Rest-Clock
and Moving-Clock are taken from the same starting place of
the experiment. Therefore, reliability on DTR’s experimenter
of Rest-Frame observer’s analysis and calculations are more
than STR’s experimenter of Rest-Frame observer’s analysis
and calculations.
 International Scientific Research Organization Journal (ISROJ)
Volume 02 Issue 02 September 2017, ISSN No. – 2455-8818
Index Copernicus ICV Value 49.95
Available Online at- www.isroj.net

In this situation, it seems a weird situation if we keep both

Special Theory of Relativity and Dual Theory of Relativity
are correct because they contradict each other.

Actually, if we are unable to extract the wrong one, then, we

have no other way except the one from accepting both STR
and DTR are wrong.

“THIS TIME OUR COMMON-SENSE CLAIMS TO

REGAIN ITS PLACE WHERE IT WAS BEFORE
SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY GOT PROVED”

References

[1] Robert Resnick, “Introduction to Special

Relativity,” Published by Mohinder Singh Sejwal
for Wiley Eastern Limited, 4835/24 Ansari Road
Daryaganj, New Delhi 110002 and printed by
Pramodh Kapur at Raj Bandhu Industrial Company,
C 61 Mayapuri II, New Delhi 110064, India.
[2] Max Born, “Einstein’s Theory of Relativity,”
prepared with the collaboration of Gunther Leibfried
and Walter Beim, Dover Publications, Inc., New
York.

Author Profile

Asaidurai received Technical Diploma (±12 years) in General

Engineering from Thiagarajar Poly technic, Salem - 636001,
Tamilnadu, India in 1972, he served in Defence Research and
Development Organizations in India and Ethiopia. He now
managing in Quantum multiverse, CAD/CAM and CNC
Technologies in Salem India.

39 *Corresponding Author- Asaidurai. A. R