Professional Documents
Culture Documents
What is leadership?
Leading people
Influencing people
Commanding people
Guiding people
Leadership
• Intellectual leader
Managers Leaders
• Focus on things • Focus on people
• Do things right • Do the right things
• Plan • Inspire
• Organize • Influence
• Direct • Motivate
• Control • Build
• Follows the rules • Shape entities
Managers Vs Leaders
Manager Characteristics Leader Characteristics
• Administers • Innovates
• A copy • An original
• Maintains • Develops
• Focuses on systems and structures • Focuses on people
• Relies on control • Inspires trust
• Short range view • Long range perspective
• Asks how and when • Asks what and why
• Eye on bottom line • Eye on horizon
• Imitates • Originates
• Accepts the status quo • Challenges the status quo
• Classic good soldiers • Own person
• Does things right • Does the right thing
Trait Theories
5
5,5
Organization Man Management
4 Adequate organization performance
possible through balancing the necessity to
get out work with maintaining
morale of the people at a satisfactory level
3 1,1 9,1
Impoverished Management Authority-Obedience
Exertion of minimum effort to get Efficiency in operations results
2 required work done is appropriate from arranging conditions of
to sustain organization membership work in such a way that human
Low 1 elements interfere to a minimal degree
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Characteristics
Transactional Leaders
• Contingent Reward: Contracts exchange of rewards for
effort, promises rewards for good performance,
recognizes accomplishment
• Management by exception (active): Watches and
searches for deviations from rules and standards, takes
corrective action.
• Management by exception (passive): Intervenes only if
standards are not met
• Laissez faire: Abdicates responsibilities, avoids making
decisions
Transformational Leaders
Description categories
Type of Activity
Derived from free Observation
Exchange Information
Routine Communication
Handling paperwork
Planning
Traditional Management Decision Making
Controlling
Motivating/Reinforcing
Disciplining/Punishing
Human Resource Management
Managing conflict
staffing
Training/Developing
Relative Distribution of Manager’s Activities
Networking
(19%)
Traditional Management
(32%)
Human resources
(20%)
Routine Communication
(29%)
What skills do leaders need?
• Personal Skills
3. Solving
1. Developing Problems
•Determining values Self-awareness creatively
and priorities •Using the rational approach
•Identifying cognitive style •Using the creative approach
•Assessing attitude toward change •Fostering innovation in others
• Interpersonal Skills
• Gaining power
• Exercise influence
5. Gaining power • Empowering others
• Coaching and influences
• Counseling
• Listening
4. Communication 6. Motivating
supportively others
7. Management
conflict
• Diagnosing poor performance
• Identifying causes • Creating a motivating environment
• Selecting appropriate strategies • Rewarding accomplishment
• Resolving confrontations
Common Activities
• Planning
• Organizing
• Directing
• Controlling
Planning
Manager Leader
• Planning • Devises strategy
• Budgeting • Sets direction
• Sets targets • Creates vision
• Establishes detailed
steps
• Allocates resources
Organizing
Manager Leader
• Creates structure • Gets people on board for
• Job descriptions strategy
• Staffing • Communication
• Hierarchy • Networks
• Delegates
• Training
Directing Work
Manager Leader
• Solves problems • Empowers people
• Negotiates • Cheerleader
• Brings to consensus
Controlling
Manager Leader
• Implements control • Motivate
systems • Inspire
• Performance measures • Gives sense of
• Identifies variances accomplishment
• Fixes variances
Leadership Traits
• Intelligence
– More intelligent than
non-leaders
– Scholarship
– Knowledge
– Being able to get
things done
• Physical
– Doesn’t see to be
correlated
Leadership Traits (cont’d)
• Personality
– Verbal facility
– Honesty
– Initiative
– Self-confident
– Ambitious
– Originality
– Sociability
– Adaptability
New Leaders Take Note