1.introduction To IoT Appleton

Introduction to
Internet of Things(IoT)
Bapuji K,
CEO, Appleton Innovations
Phone: 6301865670
www.appletoninnovations.com ceo@appletoninnovations.com 6301865670

INTRODUCTION TO IOT
www.appletoninnovations.com
ceo@appletoninnovations.com
6301865670
What is IoT
• Network of Physical Objects
• Internet of Things (IoT) comprises
THINGS that have unique
identities and are connected to
the Internet
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Internet and Us
• What happened?
https://www.internetlivestats.com/
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Idea: Move from Internet of People  Internet of Things
• Internet appears everywhere in the • Internet of Things is a plan to

world connect things also using the
• It is primarily connection between same medium
people
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Internet of Things - Evolution
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What are Things?
• Thing = Not a computer
• Phone, watches, thermostats, cars, Electric
Meters, sensors, clothing, band-aids, TV,…
• Anything, Anywhere, Anytime, Anyway,
Anyhow (5 A’s)
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Thing-Cricket Bat
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Non Living Things Around us
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What are Things?
• Less than 1% of things around us is connected.
• Refrigerator, car, washing machine, heater, a/c, garage door,
should all be connected but are not.
• From 10 Billion today to 50 Billion in 2020 Should include
processes, data, things, and people.
• $14 Trillion (14 lakh crore business) over 10 years
• Third in the list of top 10 strategic technologies by Gartner
• (After Mobile devices, Mobile Apps, but before Clouds, …)
• Internet of Everything by Cisco
• Smarter Planet by IBM
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IoT Potential
• IOT is a disruptive technology. Yes or No?
• 20.8 billion devices connected to internet by
2020. This is the potential.
• Number of connected devices In India: by
2020, 1.8 billion devices
• Investments in IOT
– 6 trillion dollars
– MNCs in IOT: Ford, Intel, IBM, Microsft, cisco,
google (NEST)
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Google Trends
Internet of Things
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Google Trends
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Google Trends
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Growing Technology
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IoT Products- Purpose
• Monitoring Applications
• Control Applications
• Optimization Applications
• Autonomy: Monitoring, Controlling and
optimization applications
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Monitoring Application:
Medtronic’s digital blood-glucose meter
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Control Applications
• if pressure gets too high, shut off the valve”
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Control Applications
• Adjust their
Philips Lighting
hue light bulbs
via smartphone
• Turning them
on and off
• Programming
them to blink
red if an
intruder is
detected
• Dimming them
slowly at night.
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Autonomy: Monitoring and
Controlling Applications
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IoT Architecture
NODE NETWORK CLOUD
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Example: Fit bit
• Tracks: getting data
– number of steps walked, heart
rate, quality of sleep, steps
climbed, and other personal
metrics involved in fitness
• Communicates: taking data
from one place to other
place
• Analyses
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Fit Bit
• Gives data and is converted to information.
• Conclusions:
– you are not breathing much
– you are not walking much
– you are not eating much
– You are not sleeping much
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Node
• An End Device
• Interacts with physical Environment
• Node may consists of Microcontroller,
Sensors/Actuators and Connectivity
• A node can be Sensor + processor
• A node which can sense its surroundings and transmit
data
• Example: a smoke sensor in home
• Processes data locally
• A node can be an actuator + processor
• Example: performing a physical action
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Example: Amazon dash button
• Senses
• Thinks
• Places the
order
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Network
• Transfer data from one device to other
device.
• Many nodes can connect to each other
Exchange data with each other using
connections between nodes. These data links
are established over cable media such as wires
or optic cables, or wireless media such as Wi-Fi
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Network Topologies
• Mesh network topologies
– Exampl: zigbee, bluetoth
• Starnetwork topologies
– Exaple: Wifi-Lan (star netwok), LoRaWan
• Ring network topologies
• Tree network topologies
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Network Topologies driving IoT
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Gateway
• The coordinating device
• Coordinates the communication between
nodes
• Coordinates the communication between
nodes and cloud
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Cloud
• Cloud: Process the data from the gateway-
cloud computing
• What you can do in cloud?
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IoT Cloud Examples
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IoT Applications
• Multiple nodes + single gateway+processing
• nodes are fom agricultre-- smart agriculture
• from city- smart city
• from home - smart home
• from class- smart class
• Processing at gateway is called as edge
computing/fog computing
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Sample IOT Applications
• Smart Grid
• Smart Health
• Smart Home
• Smart Cities
• Smart Industries
• Smart TV
• Smart Watch
• Smart Car
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IOT: People connecting with Things
ECG sensor
Internet
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
Motion sensor
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IoT: Things connecting with Things
- Complex and heterogeneous

resources and networks
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Unlocking the Massive potential of IoT
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What’s Smart?
• IoT = Instrument, Interconnect, Intelligently
process (3 I’s)
• Old: Smart = Can think Can
compute
• Now: Smart = Can find quickly, Can Delegate
• Communicate = Networking
• Smart Grid, Smart Meters, Smart Cars, Smart
homes, Smart Cities, Smart Factories, Smart
Smoke Detectors, …
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Why IoT Now?
IoT = Sensing + Communication +

Computation
1. Micro-Sensors: Temperature, Moisture, Pressure, air
quality,…
2. Tags: Radio Frequency Id (RFID), Quick Response (QR)
Codes, …
3. Energy Efficient Communication: Small or no batteries,
Personal area communication (PAN), Bluetooth, ZigBee, …
4. Micro-Computing: Micro multi-core chips, NodeMCU
(ESP8266), Raspberry Pi, Intel Galileo, Arduino, …
5. Cloud Computing: Little or no local computing
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IOT TECHNOLOGIES
• Hardware (Device)
• Communication Technology
• Protocols for IoT
• Software (IDE)
• Cloud Platforms
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NODEMCU in IoT Device
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Overview: Hardware Platform
User/Environment
Sensors & Actuators NODEMCUU
Device “Thing”
level
Communications
Network
Gateway
Network
level
The Internet The
Internet
Servers
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Implementing Smart Objects
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SENSORS
• Sensors:
– They are mainly input components
– They sense and collect surrounding information
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ACTUATORS
– They are mainly output components
– They alter the surrounding. Some examples:
• Adding lighting, heat, sound, etc.
• Controlling motors to move objects
• Displaying messages
• and others…
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THINGS
• We can turn almost every object into a “thing”. A “thing”
still looks much like an embedded system currently.
• A “thing” generally consists of four main parts:
– Sensors & actuators
– Microcontroller
– Communication unit
– Power supply
• A “thing” has the following properties:
– It’s usually powered by battery. This implies limited
source of energy.
– It’s generally small in size and low in cost. This limits their
computing capability.
– It doesn’t usually perform complicated tasks.
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Communications
• A “thing” always feature communications for “team
working”
• The Role of Communications
– To connect things with things (Moisture sensor & Sprinkler)
• Communication type:
– Wireline (e.g. copper wires, optical fibers)
– Wireless (e.g. RF, IR). RF-based communication is the most
popular choice
• Popular RF-based communication solutions:
– IEEE 802.11 (or Wifi)
– Bluetooth
– Zigbee
– Near Field Communication (NFC), e.g. RFID
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Networks
• The Roles of Networks
– Managing nodes (discovery, join, leave, etc).
– Relaying data packets from the source to the destination
node in the network.
• Networks are a distributed system. All nodes need to
perform networking related tasks.
• RF-based Network in IoT is usually a Wireless Multi-hop
Network. Some examples:
– Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
– Mobile Wireless Ad hoc Networks (MANETs)
– Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs)
– Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
– and others...
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Internet
• The Internet serves as a wide area networking
for a local network.
• The Internet uses TCP/IP. This implies that
things must also support TCP/IP.
• Gateway (or sink)
– For a practical deployment, a gateway is often
needed in a network.
– It offers relaying packets between the network
and the Internet.
The Internet
Data link www.appletoninnovations.com
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Protocol Stack
Thing Thing
Application Application
TCP/UDP TCP/UDP
Network (IP) Network (IP)

IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless
PHY/MAC PHY/MAC Medium
Server
Application Gateway
TCP/UDP
Network (IP) Network (IP)
IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.15.4

(Ethernet) The (Ethernet) PHY/MAC
Internet
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Type of Services in IoT
Data
Data
Sender
Receiver
A sample data communication in conventional networks

Fire! Some bits
01100011100
Core network
e.g. Internet End-user
Sink
node Gateway
A sample data communication in WSN
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Intelligent Data Processing
• Sensing and data collection, sensor data and
data-centric networks
• Access, subscription and integration
• Data processing and stream data analysis
• Query and discovery
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DATA SCIENCE
“Each single data item is important.”
“Relying merely on data from sources that are

unevenly distributed, without considering
background information or social context, can
lead to imbalanced interpretations and
decisions.”
?
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“People want answers, not
numbers” (Steven Glaser, UC Berkley)
Freezing! What is the temperature at home?
Core network
e.g. Internet
Sink
node Gateway
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1.introduction To IoT Appleton

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Introduction to

www.appletoninnovations.com ceo@appletoninnovations.com 6301865670

• Internet appears everywhere in the • Internet of Things is a plan to

NODE NETWORK CLOUD

- Complex and heterogeneous

IoT = Sensing + Communication +

Sensors & Actuators NODEMCUU

Network (IP) Network (IP)

Network (IP) Network (IP)

IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.15.4

A sample data communication in conventional networks

“Relying merely on data from sources that are

Freezing! What is the temperature at home?

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