Federating

The
International
UAS
Community

ULB - VUB
Brussels, Belgium
April 16, 2007

UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS :

The Global Perspective

Peter van Blyenburgh

Slide 01/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
International
What is UVS International UAS
Community

1997 Non-profit association founded in Paris, France as Euro UVS

1999 EURO UVS is registered in Den Haag, The Netherlands

2004 Changed its name to UVS International – Global Scope

2007 254 Corporate & Institutional Members in 34 countries

108 Honorary Members
from 24 countries & 7 international organizations

Operates: Out of offices in Paris, France

86 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France
Tel.: 33-1-46.51.88.65 - Fax: 33-1-46.51.05.22
info@uvs-international.org - info@uvs-info.com
www.uvs-international.org - www.uvs-info.com
Slide 2/21
Slide 02/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
MEMBERS IN 34 COUNTRIES International
UAS
Community
„ Greece
› Hungary
› Argentina › India › Singapore
› „ Australia „ Indonesia › „ South Africa
„ Austria „ Israel › „ South Korea
› „ Belgium › „ Italy „ Spain
› Botswana „ Japan › „ Sweden
› „ Canada › „ Luxembourg › „ Switzerland
› „ Czech Rep. › „ Netherlands „ Tunisia
› „ Denmark › „ New Zealand „ Turkey
› „ Finland › „ Norway › „ UK
› „ France › „ Portugal „ Ukraine
› „ Germany „ Russian Fed. › „ USA

› = Honorary Mbrs = reps of national military & CAAs Working Group

+ EASA + EDA + EUROCONTROL + FAA + NATO
„ = Corporate Members UAV DACH z
Member of
Partner Organizations z Creation instigated by UVSI
RTCA SC 203
- AESiNT, Spain z - ALV, Czech Rep.
- UVS Manufacturers Assn. of the Czech Rep. z Mutual Memberships
- CGArm, France - Eurocontrol Exp. Centre - ATCA, USA
- INTELI, Portugal - Japan UAV Association z - EUGIN, Belgium
- UAVS, UK - UVS Canada z - EUROCAE, France
- UVS New Zealand Australia z - European Institute, USA
Slide 03/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS International
UAS
(UAS) IN ECONOMIC CONTEXT Community

Various studies highlight the importance of unmanned

aircraft systems in the coming 20 years :
• (Frost & Sullivan): the European civil UAS market will be
worth €100 million ($127 million) annually by 2010 and
€270 million ($344 million) by 2015.
• (Teal Group’s 2005-2006 “World Unmanned Vehicle
Systems”): the market will more than double over the
next decade, from current worldwide UAS expenditures
of about $2 billion in 2005 to $4.5 billion in 2014.
UVS International has referenced 263 manufacturers
in 43 countries developing/producing 603 UAS
– See 2006 UAS Yearbook on www.uvs-info.co
Slide 04/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UAS REFERENCED International
UAS
Community
Applications Qnty %

Civil/Commercial 47 8
Military 413 53

Dual Purpose 77 10

Research UAS 31 4

Developmental aircraft 217 28

Incl. teamed efforts
Total Nr UAS Referenced 603
See 2006 UAV Yearbook
Nr of Producers/Developers 253 for details

Nr of Countries 46
Slide 05/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
International UAS Activity International
UAS
Community
53 Countries

Algeria › Germany › „ „ Qatar ›

Argentina „ „ Greece › „ „ Romania › „ „
Australia › „ „ Hungary › „ „ Russia › „ „
Austria „ „ India › „ „ Singapore › „ „
Bahrain › Indonesia › „ „ South Africa › „ „
Belgium › „ „ Iran › „ „ South Korea › „ „
Botswana › Israel › „ „ Spain › „ „
Brazil „ „ Italy › „ „ Sri Lanka ›
Bulgaria › „ Japan › „ „ Sweden › „ „
Canada › „ „ Jordan › „ „ Switzerland › „ „
Chile „ „ Malaysia › „ „ Syria ›
China (PR) › „ „ Mexico „ „ Taiwan › „ „
Croatia „ „ „ Netherlands › „ „ Thailand › „ „
Czech Rep. › „ „ New Zealand „ „ Turkey › „ „
Egypt › Norway „ „ UAE › „ „
Equator „ „ Pakistan › „ „ UK › „ „
Finland › „ „ Poland › „ „ Ukraine › „ „
France › „ „ Portugal „ „ USA › „ „

› = In inventory „ = Current Producers „ = Ongoing R&D „ = Future Producers?

44 42 46 6

23 International Industrial Co-operation Developments

Slide 6/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
International
AIRFRAME TYPES UAS
Community

Fixed Wing Single Engine Eagle, Heron, Global Hawk, Predator

Twin Engines Hermes 450T & 1500, Colugo, DragonEye
Pusher Engine Sperwer, Shadow, Searcher, Seeker
Puller Engine Alba, Exdrone, DragonDrone
Single Wing SilverFox
Circular Wing XB-2
Twin Wing Jasoos, Outrider, BackPack
Flying Wing Helios, X-13, Zephyr
Tail-Sitter SkyTote
Rotary Wing Motorised Rotor A-160, FireScout, Orka, SNARK
Gyroplane RPG Mk II
Canard Rotor Wing X-50 DragonFly
Pendular Rotor Hetel-M
Shrouded Rotor FanTail, Cypher, GoldenEye, HoverEye
Tilt Rotor Eagle Eye
Motorized Para-Foil Snow Goose, Blueye
Lighter-than-Air Airstar, GT AirCat, O.V.O., Skive
Flapping Wing Micro UAVs
Optionally Piloted Buzard, Eagle, Little Bird, Opale, Perseus, Surveyor 2500

Two-Stroke Standard Petrol AvGas Fuel Cell

FUEL TYPES Electric Solar/Electric Diesel Hydrogen

Slide 7/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
International
LAUNCH METHODS UAS
Community

Air-Launched - Manned Aircraft

- Balloon Zephyr QinetiQ
- Tracked Para-foil Exdrone BAI Aerosystems
- UAV (Predator) Finder NRL
Bungee Cord (hand-tensioned) DragonEye AeroVironment
Canister-launched (hand-held) - Black Widow AeroVironment
- MATE Dutch Space
Car/Truck-launched - Aerosonde Aerosonde
- Snow Goose MMIST
Container-launched - Pneumatic Neptune DRS Technologies
- RATO KZO Rheinmetall DE
Hand-launched - Aladin EMT
- Carolo Mavionics
- Tracker EADS D&SS
Launcher - Bungee LUNA EMT
- Hydraulic Phoenix BAE Systems
- Pneumatic Sperwer Sagem
- Atmospheric Vulture Mk II ATE
RATO (rocket assisted take-off) Pioneer Pioneer UAV Inc
Weapon-launched Under development
Torpedo Tube-launched Under development
Wheeled Take-Off - Predator General Atomics AS
- Global Hawk Northrop Grumman
VTOL RMax Yamaha Motor Co
Slide 8/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
International
RECOVERY METHODS UAS
Community

Belly Landing Aerosonde Aerosonde

Deep Stall Aladin EMT
Expendable Harpy IMI
Net Recovery-Land - No airbag
Net Recovery-Land + Airbag Vulture Mk II ATE
Net Recovery-Naval Pioneer Pioneer UAV Inc.
Parachute & A/C in standard position Crecerelle Sagem
Parachute & A/C in upside-down position Phoenix BAE Systems
Parachute + Airbag Sperwer Sagem
Para-foil Snow Goose MMIST
Skid Landing - Sojka III VTUL a PVO
- Ranger RUAG Aerospace
In-Flight Recovery by Manned Aircraft
Vertical Cable - Wing Snatch (SkyHook) ScanEagle Boeing/Insitu
VTOL - FireScout Northrop Grumman
- Little Bird Boeing
- RPH2 Fuji Heavy Ind.
Water Surface Landing - Neptune BAI Aerosystems
- Neptune DRS Technologies
Wheeled Recovery Predator General Atomics AS
Wheeled Recovery with Arresting Hook Hunter IAI-Malat
Slide 9/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
International
Military Applications UAS
Community

CURRENT FUTURE
Reconnaissance Aerial Mine Detection Sensor Delivery
Surveillance Artillery Correction SIGINT
Target Designation Battle Management Treaty Monitoring
Decoy Comms & Data Relay Urban Warfare
Battle Damage Assessmt Digital Mapping Offensive Missions:
Cmd & Control Relay Electronic Warfare -anti-radar
Weapons Delivery Flight Path Recce -anti-vehicle
Psychological Warfare NBC Recce -anti-ship
Perimetric Surveillance -anti-structure
Radar Jamming Maritime Surveillance
Radar Saturation

DRIVERS: Dangerous missions -> No risk to pilot

Lesser political risks
Information = Power & Permits Precision Strike
Cost-Effectiveness in relation to manned A/C

Slide 10/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
International
Non-Military Applications UAS
Community
Civil & Commercial Applications

CURRENT FUTURE
Publicity Spots Aerial Surveying Telecommunications
TV & Cinema Industry Mineral Detection Nuclear Fall-Out Detection
Atmospheric Research Atmospheric Sampling News Broadcasting
Meteorological Purposes Wildlife Monitoring Farming & Ranching
Agricultural Applications Power Cable Verification Fishing Industry
Illegal Immigrant Control Pipeline Control Maritime Surveillance
Border Patrol Pollution Control Perimeter Surveillance
Search & Rescue Industrial Site Surveillance
Disaster Relief Rail Line Monitoring
UPCOMING Homeland Security Avalanche Control
Forest Fire Detection Law Enforcement Riot Control
Homeland Security Mapping Traffic Surveillance

DRIVERS: Cost-Effectiveness
Missions impossible with manned aircraft
Missions more efficient than with manned aircraft

Slide 11/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
CATEGORIES International
UAS
For differentiation of systems under development or Community
currently existing. - Not for certification purposes.

Mass Range Flight Alt. Endurance

μ Micro (μ) < 5 kg < 10 km 250 m 1 hour

Mini Mini < 20/25/30/150‹ < 10 150/250/300‹ <2
CR Close Range 25-150 10 - 30 3.000 2-4
SR Short Range 50-250 30 - 70 3.000 3-6
MR Medium Range 150-500 70 - 200 5.000 6 - 10
MRE MR Endurance 500-1500 > 500 8.000 10 - 18
LADP Low Alt. Deep Penetration 250-2500 > 250 50 - 9.000 0,5 - 1
LALE Low Alt. Long Endurance 15-25 > 500 3.000 > 24
MALE Medium Alt. Long Endur. 1000-1500 > 500 5/8.000 24 - 48
HALE High Alt. Long Endurance 2500-5000 > 2000 20.000 24 - 48
Strato Stratospheric >2500 > 2000 > 20.000 > 48
EXO Exo-stratospheric TBD TBD > 30.500 TBD
UCAV Unmanned combat AV >1000 +/- 1500 12.000 +/- 2
LET Lethal TBD 300 4.000 3-4
DEC Decoys 150-500 0 - 500 50 - 5.000 <4
‹ = According to national legal restrictions
Slide 12/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UAS Categories (I) International
UAS
Community

Micro
(μ)

NRL, USA Mavionics, Germany AeroVironment, USA Miraterra, USA

Mite Carolo C40 Wasp DragonSlayer

Mini

Diehl, Germany SurveyCopter, France EADS MAS, France Elbit Systems, Israel
SensorCopter SurveyCopter Tracker SkyLark I

Mini
(Lighter-
Than-
Air)
PixScene, France Skive Aviation, Switzerland Gates Technologies, France
Airstar Skive GT AirCat

Slide 13/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
UAS Categories (II) International
UAS
Mini – Agricultural Purposes Community

Kawada, Japan - RoboCopter Fuji Heavy Industries, Japan – RPH2

Yanmar, Japan – YH300SL Yamaha Motors, Japan - RMax

Slide 14/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
UAS Categories (III) International
UAS
Community

Close
Yamaha, Japan
RMax II
EMT, Germany
Luna
Schiebel, Austria
Camcopter
CybAero, Sweden
CR Range
(CR)
Elbit Systems
Israel
SkyLark II

Singapore Technologies, Singapore Adv. Ceramics Research, USA

SkyBlade II SilverFox

Short
Range
(SR)
ATE, South Africa Schiebel, Austria VTUL a PVO, Czech Rep
Vulture MK II S-100 Sojka III Aerovision, Spain - Fulmar
Slide 15/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UAS Categories (IV) International
UAS
Community

Short
Range
(SR)
Aurora FS, USA BAE Systems, UK Yakovlev, Russia Sagem, France
GoldenEye 50 Phoenix Pchela Crecerelle

Medium
AAI Corp., USA Sagem, France RUAG, Switzerland Northrop Grumman, USA Range
Shadow 200 Sperwer Ranger FireScout
(MR)

Rheinmetall DE, Germany IAI-Malat Div., Israel & Bell Helicopter, USA
KZO Northrop Grumman, USA Eagle Eye
Slide 16/51 Hunter April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UAS Categories (V) International
UAS
Community

Medium
Thales, UK & Elbit Systems, Israel Sagem, France IAI-Malat Div., Israel Range
Endurance
Watchkeeper Sperwer B E-Hunter

(MRE)

Denel Aerospace, S.Africa Galileo Avionica, Italy AAI Corp, USA

Seeker II Falco Shadow 600

Low Altitude
Deep
Penetration
(LADP)
EADS, France & EADS MAS France & Galileo Avionica
Galileo Avionica, Italy EADS MAS Germany Italy
Carapas CL289 Nibbio
Slide 17/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UAS Categories (VI) International
UAS
Community

Low
Altitude
Long
Endurance
Boeing & InSitu Group, USA Aerosonde (AAI), Australia Teknisolar-Seni, France (LALE)
ScanEagle Aerosonde Mk III Libellule

Medium
Altitude
General Atomics, USA
Predator A
EADS MAS, France
Eagle 1
Elbit Systems, Israel
Hermes 1500
Long
Endurance
(MALE)

Boeing, USA Denel Aerospace, South Africa IAI-Malat Div., , Israel

A-160 Hummingbird Bateleur Heron TP
Slide 18/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UAS Categories (VII) International
UAS
Community

General Atomics, USA

Altair

AeroVironment, USA Medium

Global Observer
Altitude
Long
General Atomics, USA Endurance
Predator B (MALE)

TGR Helicorp, New Zealand

Snark

EADS MAS, Germany & High

Northrop Grumman, USA
EuroHawk
Altitude
Long
Northrop Grumman, USA
Endurance
Global Hawk (HALE)

Slide 19/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
UAS Categories (VIII) International
UAS
Community

EADS MAS, Germany

Barracuda

Dassault, France +
Unmanned
BAE Systems, UK Saab, Sweden Euro consortium Combat
Corax Sharc Neuron
Aerial
Vehicle
Alenia Aeronautica, Italy
Sky-X
(UCAV)
Boeing, USA
X-45A

Northrop Grumman, USA

X-47B

Northrop Grumman, USA

Boeing, USA
X-47A
X-46

Slide 20/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
UAS Categories (IX) International
UAS
Community

Sagem & ONERA, France (Stemme, Germany)

Busard
BAE Systems, UK Rheinmetall DE, Germany/ Optionally
(J&AS Aero Design, Poland) (Diamond, Austria) - Opale
Herti 1D * Piloted
Aircraft
(OPA)
&
Converted
Herti 1A * Sirehna//Sonovia/EADS
(Dyn’Aero), France Aircraft *
MCR/Surveyor 2500

Boeing, USA
LittleBird Irkut, Russia (Stemme, Germany)
Excelnet, Malaysia
Irkut 850
Eagle
Slide 21/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UAS Categories (X) International
UAS
Lethal Purposes Community

Anti-Radar & Anti-Radar &

Anti-Vehicle & Anti-Vehicle &
Anti-Structure Anti-Structure

Rheinmetall DE, Germany Lockheed Martin, USA - LOCAAS

Taifun
Anti-Vehicle (Concept demonstrators – no longer pursued) Anti-Radar

Cutlass
EADS-CAC Syst., France Denel Aerospace S. Africa
K100 Lark
IAI-MBT, Israel
IAI-MBT, Israel & Harpy
Slide 22/51 Raytheon, USA April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
UAS Categories (XI) International
UAS
Decoys Community

Eager

Naval Research Lab., USA - Flyrt

Northrop Grumman, USA - Chukar

BAE Systems, Australia - Nulka IMI, Israel - ITALD

Slide 23/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
Out-of-Country Deployments International
UAS
Afghanistan ’01-now Community
Canada Sperwer
SkyLark Iraq ’03 -now
Bosnia ’93-’96 France Skorpio Australia SkyLark (upc)
France Crecerelle Germany Aladin Italy Predator
UN Fox AT LUNA Japan RMax
USA Gnat 750 Netherlands Aladin Romania Shadow 600
Pioneer UK DesertHawk
Predator SkyLark Phoenix
Sperwer USA Desert Hawk
Kosovo ’98-’99 U.A.E. S-100 DragonEye
France CL-289 UK DesertHawk Global Hawk
Crecerelle USA Dragon Eye I.Gnat
Hunter Global Hawk Hunter
Germany CL-289 Pointer Pioneer
UK Phoenix Predator
Predator Puma
USA Hunter Shadow 200
Pioneer Raven
Predator ScanEagle
East Timor ’02 Shadow 200
Australia Aerosonde III SilverFox
Kosovo ’05
Tern
Belgium Hunter Solomon Islands ’03
Australia Aerosonde III Ivory Coast ’04
Australia ’01 +++ Avatar IL contract Aerostar
USA Global Hawk
South Korea ’03 Democratic Rep. of Congo ’06
Djibouti/Yemen ’02 USA Shadow 200 Belgium Hunter
USA Predator
Angola ’03 - now Lebanon ’06
IL contract Aerostar France Sperwer
Slide 24/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
International
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS? UAS
Community

Most military UAS are still “user specific”

High development costs + low volume production =
High acquisition cost & high ownership cost

Insufficient R&D funding

No standards No airworthiness norm

No certification norms No ATM regulations
Critical Issues : Sense & Avoid, and Spectrum
Flight in non-segregated airspace is impossible
Uncoordinated individual national initiatives
Insufficient international consensus on how to proceed
Result : Non-military government markets &
commercial markets cannot emerge
Slide 25/51 April 16, 2007
 Federating
The
International
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ? UAS
Community

 INDUSTRY SHOULD BE THE DYNAMO

 National approaches with co-operation between:
- Industry - Gvmt Authorities - Stakeholder Orgs - Academia
 National efforts in Europe should be coordinated to form a European
approach (European Vision)
 Required: RECOGNIZED INTERFACE between Euro UAS industry & EC,
GD Enterprise, GD Transport, GD Research, EASA, EDA, Eurocontrol, JAA
 Approaches on both sides of the Atlantic should be coordinated
 Efforts to be coordinated internationally (beyond Europe & N. America)
- Australia, India, Japan, New Zealand, Russia, South Africa, Singapore
 International approaches should be harmonized at earliest possible stage
 Standards - (functional requirements) to be consensually defined
 A common terminology in English should be defined

UVS International plays a co-ordinating & federating role

Slide 26/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
International
EUROPEAN STAKEHOLDERS UAS
Community

Civilian Orgs Military Orgs National Orgs Professional Orgs

• GD Enterprise • EDA – Euro. Defence • Min. of Transport • ASD
• GD TREN Agency • Min. of Interior • EURO UAV ICB
• GD Research • EMAAG - Euro Military • Min. of Defence • EUROCAE WG73
• EASA Aviation Authorities • Air Navigation • (Multi)-National WGs
• EUROCONTROL Group - UAV DACH, A+ CH +
Service Providers
• JAA • JMAG - Joint Military CH + NL
• CAAs
Airworthiness Group - UAV Germany, D
Multi-Nat. Orgs • NATO: • Model A/C Assn. - Castor, Sweden
- AG7FINAS • Technology Platforms • National Assns:
• AEA
- JAPCC - ASTRAEA, UK - AESiNT, Spain
• CANSO
- NATMC - NIMUP, Netherlands - ALV, Czech Rep.
• ERA
• EREA • OCCAR - PLATINO, Spain - Inteli, Portugal
• EUGIN • ……. • ……. - UAVS, UK
• EUROCOCKPIT - Ass. of Aerospace
• Europe Air Sport Existing Multi-National Tech. Platforms Universities, UK
• IATA
• IFALPA • ACARE Research
• IFATCA • ERTRAC
• IOPA • EUROP Industry • Competence poles &
• SESAR ExecCom • SESAR Centres of excellence
• ……. 20/27 Countries • Academia
• …….
Slide 27/51 April 16, 2007
 EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONAL UAS-RELATED ACTIVITIES
NATIONAL MULTI-NATIONAL
Austria CAA & Min. of Interior ASD ASG-UAV WG
Czech Rep Min. of Transport & CAA CANSO UAV WG
Finland - FDF & CAA EASA A.NPA
ACADEMIC - Artic Test Range EC-DGTREN INOUI Programme
France - DGA-CEV - USAR-FW ECAP Certification Group
NATIONAL: - USAR-VTOL EDA - C&C + S&A studies
- DGA (MoD) UAV-REG z - Staff rqmt study z
- Belgium - DGAC (CAA) NAVDROC z EMAAG
- Bulgaria - Min. of Interior ETAP Certification WG
- Czech Rep. Germany - BWB-WTD EUROCAE WG-73 on UAS
- France - Min. of Transport & DFS Eurocontrol - ANT
- Germany - UAV Germany NTP - UAV-OAT TF
- Greece Italy - DGAA & ENAC Eurocontrol Experimental Centre
- Italy Netherlds - NIMUP NTP ICAO Informal WG on UAS
- Netherlands - RNLAF JAA/Eurcontrol UAV TF „
- Poland Spain PLATINO NTP JMAG (now includes ETAP)
- Portugal Sweden - FMV & CAA UAV Vision NATO - AG7 FINAS „
- Romania - Saab & LFV Castor - FINAS-USAR-ST
- Spain Switzerl. - CAA & Swiss AF - JAPCC
- Sweden - Min. of Interior - NATMC
- Switzerland UK - ASTRAEA NTP - RTO
- UK - CAA-DAP CAP722 SESAR
MULTI-NATIONAL: - DoT & NATS UAV DACH (A, CH, D, NL) „
- MoD-DPA USEP Security & Environt „
France & Germany - ParcAberporth
- RAF UAV Battle Lab „ Instigated by UVSI
Fragmented Situation - UAVS Association „ Coordinated by UVS

NTP = National Techn. Platform z Contracts awarded to UVSI

Slide 28/51 April 16, 2007
 NON-EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONAL UAS-RELATED
ACTIVITIES USA AIAA Inst. of Aeronautics & Astronautics
Fragmented Situation
OTHER COUNTRIES
Australia - CASA - Civil Aviation Safety Authority
- Department of National Defence
- Defence Science & Technology Org.
- University Initiatives
Canada - CCUVS – Canadian Centre for UVS
- DND – Department of National Defence
- TC – Transport Canada
- UVS Canada
Japan - JAAA - Japan Agricultural Aviation Auth.
- CAA
- JAXA - Jap. Aerospace Exploration Agncy
- Japan UAV Assn.
India Min. of Defence & CAA & NASP
N.Zealand UVS NZA Assn. & CAA
Russia Min. of Emergency Situations (ERMERCOM)
Singapore - Defence Science & Technology Agency
- Min. of Defence & CAA
S. Africa Min. of Defence & CAA
S. Korea Korea Aerospace Industries Assn.
KARI – Korea Aerospace Research Inst.
UAE - CAA & UAE Air Force
- UAV Centre of Excellence
Slide 29/51
AIA Aerospace Industries Assn.
AOPA Aircraft Owners & Pilots Assn.
ATCA Air Traffic Control Assn.
DARPA
DHS Department of Homeland Security:
- US Coast Guard
DOC Department of Commerce :
- NOAA – Nat. Oceanic & Atmos. Adm.
DOD Department of Defense:
- OSD (Office of Secretary of Defense)
- Policy Board on Federal Aviation
- US Army & US Army Research Lab
- US Air Force & USAF Research Lab
- US Navy & Navy Research Lab
DOT Department of Transport :
- FAA UAS Program Office
JPDO Joint Planning & Development Org.
JIPT Joint Integrated Project Team (US
Army, US Air Force, US Navy):
- Near Term: Advance COAs
- Long Term: Access to the NAS
NASA AMES & NASA DFRC
NGATS Next Generation Air Traffic System
Standards Organizations :
- ASTM & RTCA & SAE
University Initiatives :
- NMSU-PSL-TAAC
UNITE - UAV National Industry Team
(activity now with AIA & RTCA SC203)
April 16, 2007
 USAR

UAV System Airworthiness Requirements (USAR) produced by DGA-DE-

CEV (French military flight test centre)
USAR is an adaptation of the CS-23 code to UAV Systems (fixed wing
tactical, MALE, HALE, UCAV) with specific requirements for :
- parachute recovery UAVs
- catapult or rocket assisted take-off UAVs
- remote control station
- command and control + data link & communication systems
USAR Draft 3.0 was widely distributed by the DGA-CEV & UVS Internat.

USAR Draft 3.0 can be found at www.uvs-info.com

USAR Draft 3.0 is the basis of the ongoing work by NATO-FINAS

Upcoming CEV mandated by DGA in Feb ‘05 to produce a USAR for

VTOL UAV Systems. Will be published in English by UVSI
in 2007.

Slide 30/51 April 16, 2007

 NATO FINAS

Mar 2004 Instigated by Wulf Hausen (AG7 chair) with help of UVSI

Objective Create, under auspices of AG/7, a Working Group, which will, with
inputs from regulatory authorities & external experts, address all
issues relevant to integration of UAVs into non-segregated airspace.

Scope „ Initial Focus: MALE & HALE UAVs.

„ 3 Prime areas of concern: - Airworthiness/Certification
- ATC/ATM - Operator Qualification
„ Co-ordinate existing NATO efforts & expertise.
„ Implicate only stakeholders with existing expertise.
„ Five year effort „ Not dependant on NATO logistics
„ 4 Meetings / year

Guiding „ Fuse approaches & outputs of JAA UAV Task Force & Access
Principles 5 Programme.
„ Take stock & make use of existing docs

Deliverables „ Consensual position paper(s) to be submitted by AG/7 to :

- NATO authorities;
- CAAs, JAA, Eurocontrol, EASA, FAA, ICAO.
Slide 31/51 April 16, 2007
 AG7 FINAS USAR
Specialist Team

March 2005 „ USAR V3.0 presented to NATO FINAS

„ FINAS instigates creation of a FINAS-USAR Specialist Team

Participants „ Leaders: DGA-DE-CEV + USAF (representing joint DoD needs)

„ Participants: Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands,
Sweden, UK, USA

Objective „ Review USAR V3.0

„ Elaborate a FINAS approved version (within 15 months)
„ Submit FINAS-USAR to NATO AG7 for consideration as a
recommendation for a STANAG to the members states

May 2007 Submission of final document

Slide 32/51 April 16, 2007

 European Aviation Safety Agency’s
Adv. Notice of Prior Amendment

Follow-on to JAA/Eurocontrol UAV TF Final Report

Concerns unmanned aircraft with MTOW > 150 kg
Addresses: - procedure for UAV system certification
- type certification
- selection of manned airworthiness reference
- UAV system safety objectives & criteria
- special conditions & interpretative material
- continued airworthiness
Prior to publication: internal EASA & FAA consultation

Oct 18, 2005 A.NPA draft presented to Euro UAV ICB

Nov 07, 2005 Published www.easa.eu.int & www.uvs-info.com

Feb 07, 2006 Deadline for receipt of comments
Comments currently being reviewed by EASA
Slide 33/51 April 16, 2007
 UAV Systems for Security &
Environmental Purposes - 1

Purpose European inter-governmental assessment of the

technical & economical convergence between military,
security & civil UAS applications

Instigated by Conseil Général de l’Armement

(French MoD think-tank)

Start September 2005

Conclusion 2nd quarter 2007

Coordinator UVS International

Slide 34/51 April 16, 2007

 UAV Systems for Security &
Environmental Purposes - 2

In co-ordination with participating European Union government

authorities and with non-competitive inputs from industry:

1 Create, or increase, the awareness with national governmental

entities of the potential offered by UAS systems

2 Co-ordinate a European drive to jointly identify, document and

evaluate: - Operational Needs
- Technical Issues
- Organizational & Strategy Issues

3 Identify the required types of UAS & evaluate the necessary

funding required to make it possible to use State & non-State
UAS for non-military purposes with societal benefits in
European non-segregated airspace.

Conclusion To be published by UVS International in 2nd quarter 2007

Slide 35/51 April 16, 2007


USEP APPLICATIONS
Customs Authorities
Coastal patrol
On-shore border patrol
EU maritime surveillance
EU on-shore border patrol
Civil Security
Avalanche survivor search
Coastal water surveillance
Maritime search & rescue
EU Civil Security
Maritime surveillance
Regional Fire Brigade
Forest fire surveillance
National Fire Brigade
Forest fire surveillance
Natural disaster monitoring
Slide 36/51
Environmental
Local science missions
Small atmospheric measuremts
Wild game surveillance
Fishery control
Civil Security & National Police Ozone measurements
Contamination measurement Weather assessment
Combing ops Crop monitoring
Natural disaster monitoring Sandbank shift measurement
Emergency medical/food supply Glacier & ice cap monitoring
Police Authorities
Contractor Supplied
Information gathering (in buildings)
Flight Services
Special ops, anti-terrorist
Training
Urban law enforcement
Terrain mapping
Pre-intervention info gathering
Aerial photography
Urban riot control
Monument inspection
Perimeter defence
Network comms relay
Hostile protest control
(small theatre)
Criminal investigation (several days)
Network comms relay
Surveillance of public gatherings
(large theatre)
Road traffic surveillance
Emergency comms
Delivery of non-lethal disabling means
network
Coastal border immigration control
Ship lane surveillance
Permanent police surveillance
The seeds of a totally
Land border immigration control
Maritime immigration control new service industry ?
EU land border immigration control
April 16, 2007
 EDA Study Contract

11 July 2006 Fast-track study contract awarded to UVS International

Background Staff requirements for UAS currently focus on military ops.

European Security & Defence Policy (ESDP) also considers
use of military assets for support of 1st & 3rd pillar activities.

Aim Identify possible specific military/civil requirements to be

incorporated into existing EU staff requirements for UAS.

Outline Provide possible staff requirements for other types of UAS.

Objectives Define generic scenarios of potential government non-

military missions of all classes of UAS.

Define the generic payloads required to accomplish the

identified missions

Slide 37/51 April 16, 2007

 EDA Study Contract

Operational Scenarios
Generic scenarios identified in discussions with potential EU users

CIVIL APPLICATIONS 46
- Customs Authorities 4
- Police Authorities 17
- Civil Security 9
- Environmental 9
- Flight Services 7
(supplied by civil service providers)
MILITARY APPLICATIONS 9
Total 55 Scenarios

Slide 38/51 April 16, 2007

 EDA Study Contract

National Ministries of Defence & EU

Urban combat
Light regional support to army
Navy tactical support – Shore/aircraft carrier-based
Navy tactical support – Ship-based
EDA MALE
Agile multi-mission
Land surveillance – Long endurance/heavy payload
Long endurance sea surveillance – Shore/aircraft carrier-based
Weapons delivery

EU Defence
Land surveillance – Long endurance/heavy payload
Long endurance sea surveillance – Shore/aircraft carrier-based
Weapons delivery

Slide 39/51 April 16, 2007

 Applied UAV System Quantity of
Categorization Applications
Identified
Airframe Types Civil Mil
μ
Mini Micro & Mini UAS Fixed wing AC systems 11 3
CR
Rotary wing AC systems 20 2
SR
MR Tactical UAS Fixed wing AC systems 45 20
MRE Endurance: <24 hours Rotary wing AC systems 50 18
LADP
LALE

L-t-A Lighter-than-Air Systems Tethered balloons 8

Non-tethered dirigibles 13
MALE Long Endurance Systems Fixed wing AC systems 48 12
HALE
Endurance: >24 hours Rotary wing AC systems 0 0
OPAC Optionally Piloted Systems Fixed wing AC systems 44 3
Max TOW: >150 kg Rotary wing AC systems 5 0
Lighter than air systems 2 0

UCAV systems Fixed wing AC systems 5

Ordnance delivery Rotary wing AC systems 0

Slide 40/51 April 16, 2007

 Qnty - All
APPLICATIONS Airframe
Types
Payloads
Chemical (ozone) detector 1 Non-Military
COMINT 6
Communications network link 15
Data link ALL
Data recorder 3
Emergency medical equipment 1 Desired Payload Capacities Mini Maxi
Emergency tel. call locator 17 In kg In kg
EO 2
EO with zoom & wide angle 6 Micro & Mini 0,1 3
EO/IR 24 Micro & Mini VTOL 0,1 3
EO/IR - low cost 3 TUAV 30 251
EO/IR – marinized 29 Tethered balloon 2 25
Fire detector 4 Airship 5 220
ISAR 30 Long Endurance 21 750
Multi-channel LOS relay 3 Optionally Piloted AC 46 290
Multi-spectral sensor 1 Optionally Piloted VTOL AV 170 251
NBC detector 4
Radar 29
Radar – maritime patrol 7
Rescue beacon detector/localizer 4
SAR 1
SAR-MTI 1
SATCOM relay 3
Spotlight 2
Weather (atmospheric) sensors 1
Total 197

Slide 41/51 April 16, 2007

 Payloads - Military

Qnty - All
APPLICATIONS Airframe
Types

COMINT 2 Desired Payload Capacities Mini Maxi

Data link ALL In kg In kg
ECM 3
ELINT 13 Micro & Mini 0,1 1
EO/IR 6 Micro & Mini VTOL 0,1 3
EO/IR – marinized 1 TUAV 5 160
EO/IR with Laser designator (LD) 3 Long Endurance 520 660
EO/IR with LD – marinized 4 Optionally Piloted AC 205 320
IR 1 UCAV ? 1750
ISAR 5
Jammer 2
Ordnance (bombs & explosives) 2
Radar 6
Radar – marinized 5
SAR 3
SAR-MTI 2
Weapons 2
Total 60

Slide 42/51 April 16, 2007

 Payload Comparison

Non-Military Applications Military Applications

Desired Payload Capacities Mini Maxi Desired Payload Capacities Mini Maxi
In kg In kg In kg In kg

Micro & Mini 0,1 3 Micro & Mini 0,1 1

Micro & Mini VTOL 0,1 3 Micro & Mini VTOL 0,1 3
TUAV 30 251 TUAV 5 160
Tethered balloon 2 25 Tethered balloon … …
Airship 5 220 Airship … …
Long Endurance 21 750 Long Endurance 520 660
Optionally Piloted AC 46 290 Optionally Piloted AC 205 320
Optionally Piloted VTOL AV 170 251 Optionally Piloted VTOL AC … …
UCAV … … UCAV ? 1750

4 Classes: 0,1-5 kg 5-50 kg 50-300 kg > 300 kg

Slide 43/51 April 16, 2007

 WG-73 on UAS

EUROCAE = European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment

EUROCAE has an existing co-operative agreement with with RTCA

Feb 2005 - EUROCAE becomes a member of UVS International

- UVS International becomes a member of EUROCAE
- UVSI promotes creation of WG on UAS

Aug 2005 EUROCAE & UVSI meet with RTCA SC203 and agree
on co-ordination & harmonisation of WG outputs

Jan 2006 - EUROCAE Council agrees on the creation of WG-73

- EUROCAE announces WG-73 on UAS
- EUROCAE & UVSI send out Calls for Participation

April 2006 WG-73 kick-off meeting at Eurocontrol HQs, Brussels

www.eurocae.com
Slide 44/51 April 16, 2007
 WG-73 on UAS

Participation International industry & regulatory authorities

Participation is funded by the participants
3-4 annual plenary meetings of 2 to 3 days each
Participation open to all from all countries
Activities Coordinated with EASA & RTCA

Management Chair: Eurocontrol Deputy chair: FAA

Sub-Groups 1 UAV Operations 1a Sense & Avoid

2 Airworthiness 2a Command & Control
3 ATM 3a Comms & Spectrum
4 Terms & Definitions (Chaired by UVS International)

9 & 10 Jan ‘07 First Joint WG73 & RTCA SC203 meeting in Florida, USA

Slide 45/51 April 16, 2007

 EUROCONTROL & FAA

Sept 2006

Memorandum of Co-operation

Agreement to establish an action plan for UAS

Framework for sustained dialogue

Slide 46/51 April 16, 2007

 International Civil Aviation Org.

27 Jun 2005 ICAO issues a State letter + questionnaire regarding UAS.

Sent to 43 States & 9 international organizations.

23 & 24 May ‘06 - ICAO exploratory meeting on UAV systems;

- Invitees: States & internat. orgs having replied to State letter.

Conclusions - ICAO to coordinate development of a strategic document to be

used as the basis for development of regulations.
- Informal “core group” formed to develop guidance document.
- Request for ICAO UAV focal point to be evaluated by ICAO.
Core Group CAA, UK ENAC, Italy Eurocontrol, Europe
FAA, USA Min. of Transport, Germany RTCA, USA
Transport Canada UVS International

9 Jan 2007 Draft guidance document submitted to ICAO

April 2007 Draft guidance document presented to ICAO council

Slide 47/51 April 16, 2007

 Global Access Initiative

Instigated by UVS International

in co-ordination with ACCESS 5 (USA) in August 2005

Encourage creation of national UAS industry working groups,

organizations & associations to create national visions.

Reach out to all relevant stakeholders on a global scale.

Facilitate the international exchange of information.

Create & co-ordinate collaboration on international scale.

Promote early stage international harmonisation of UAS-related

standards, rules & regulations.

Endeavour to make all information pertaining to work ongoing

internationally regarding the introduction of UAS into non-
segregated airspace available to ALL.

Slide 48/51 April 16, 2007

 Federating
The
International
CONCLUSIONS UAV
Community

UAS access to non-segregated airspace is a global issue.

Significant international efforts underway.

No single country can come up with the “global” solution.

International co-ordination & co-operation is crucial.

CAA
Experience, study results & information should be shared.
Ind
European UAS Vision
Mil National Visions Global UAS Vision
North American Vision
Gvt
Early stage international harmonization is critical.
Uni
ALL international stakeholders should be involved.

USA & Europe are co-operating to prepare for the future.

Academic community : Contribute to creating the Global Vision
Slide 49/51 April 16, 2007
 Europe’s Principal
UAS Conference & Exhibition
Paris, France
12-14 June 2007

UAS standards, certification, ATM

UAS programme updates
New systems & developments
www.uvs-info.com

Aerospace Supply Fair & Conferences

Frankfurt Exhibition Centre
Frankfurt, Germany
23-26 October 2007

UAV World & UVS Forum & Micro UAS Demonstrations

www.uvs-info.com www.airtec.aero

Slide 50/51 April 16, 2007

 UVS
INTERNATIONAL
86 rue Michel-Ange
75016 Paris, France
Tel.: 33-1-46.51.88.65
Fax: 33-1-46.51.05.22
info@uvs-international.org
info@uvs-info.com
www.uvs-international.org
www.uvs-info.com

Federating, Instigating, Coordinating, Cooperating,

Promoting, Disseminating for the Benefit of the
International Unmanned Systems Community

Slide 51/51 April 16, 2007