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CHEVES 1 HYDROPOWER PLANT

Regulation stability

Vestfjordgaten 4, 1338 Sandvika Telefon 67 57 10 00 Telefax 67 54 45 76

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Summary

Regulation stability of the planned Cheves 1 hydropower plant is investigated based on

Frequency Domain analysis. The computer program STABANA used for the
calculations/simulations has been developed in the early 80’s by Kvaerner and further
developed by NORCONSULT according the theoretic work of Prof. Hermod Brekke at the
Norwegian Institute of Technology.

Conclusion
The study shows that the regulation stability of this power plant will be very good.

Sendt til: Antall:

1
Oppdragsgiver

Technical note: Utført

Xinxin Li
Fagkontrollert

Regulation stability of Cheves 1 Pål Schaanning

Godkjent

Harald Reite
Dato

15-09-2007
Dokumentnr. Revisjon

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design\civil\regulation stability.doc

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1. BASIC DATA

Forebay Horizontal area 1250m2

Spill crest 2159 masl
Crest length 40m

Headrace tunnel Length 9690m (+15m branch)

Cross section 21.9 m2
Manning’s number 40-50 *)
Elevation at upstream end 2142 masl
Elevation at dowmstream end 2100 masl

Surge shaft Shaft cross section 21.9 m2

Shaft slope 1:10
Horizontal area 219 m2
El. at the junction to headrace tunnel 2100 masl

Drilled pressure shaft

Length 527 m
Diameter 4.4 m
Mannings number 65
Elevation at upstream end 2100 masl
Elevation at downstream end 1573.16 masl

Penstock Length 60 m
Diameter 2.4 m
Darcy Weissbach number 0.013

Tailrace tunnel Length 3290m

Cross section 29.2 m2
Manning’s number 34
Elevation at upstream end 1552 masl
Elevation at downstream end 1547.6 masl

Turbine units Type Pelton

Number of units 2
Rated head 600m
Design discharge 2*16.5 m3/s
Number of jets per unit 5
Speed 400 rpm
Turbine center 1559 masl
Generator GD2 377 Tm2

* ) The Manning’s numbers are dependent on the lengths of concrete lining and shotcreat applied.

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2. ANALYSIS METHOD

Regulation stability of hydropower plant is normally analysed in the Frequency domain. The
computer program STABANA used for the calculations/simulations has been developed in the early
80’s by Kvaerner and further developed by NORCONSULT according the theoretic work of Prof.
Hermod Brekke at the Norwegian Institute of Technology. The mathematical modelling tool is
termed "Structure Matrix Method". The merit among other features of this method should be
mentioned:

* An element oriented system modelling

* Advanced frictional damping model of oscillatory flows

* Turbine model following the turbine characteristics

* Automatic re-calculation of the actual governor settings and machine time constant according to the
operation point.

3. REGULATION STABILITY

The Tw value, water acceleration time constant, is about 0.31s which is very good value for regulation
stability. Turbine regulation stability is dependent on many factors. However, under normal condition, we
can say Tw is one of the most important factors. Empirically, the relation between Tw and regulation
stability can be outlined as follows:

Tw > 2 poor stability or unstable

1 < Tw < 2 acceptable stability
0.5 < Tw < 1 good regulation stability
Tw < 0.5 very good regulation stability

Tw is defined as:
n

∑L V i i
Tw = i =1

gH n
where
Li is the length of a stretch of the water passage, tunnel or penstock, downstream of the surge
shaft
Vi the velocity in the above mentioned water passage when the turbine is fully loaded.
Hn the net head of the turbine

Another important parameter regarding regulation stability is Ta, the machine time constant of the generator.
Generally speaking the range 5.0 s < Ta < 7.0 s is considered as normal, Ta < 5 s is considered worse than
normal and when Ta > 7s is considered better than normal. The Ta value for the Cheves generator is
estimated to be 7.7s and therefore there is reason to believe that the regulation stability will be good.

In the stability calculations the following regulator parameters are used:

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Bt=0.3, Td=10s, Tn=0.0s.

Where Bt: temporary speed droop.

Td: dashpot (or integration) time constant
Tn: integration time constant

No regulation parameter optimization is made, because it is unnecessary.

Table 5, open-loop calculation

Nr Ta and GD2 Gain margin*1 Phase margin Comments
1 7.7s. (377Tm2) 14 dB 43. degrees Excellent regulation stability can
be expected, see Fig.1 and Fig. 2
*1 Required gain margin > 4 dB, Phase margin > 35 degrees

Table 6, closed-loop calculation

Nr Ta and GD2 Response curve Time domain Comments
top*2 speed
deviation*3
1 7.7s. (377Tm2) -3.4 dB 0.0045 Excellent regulation stability can be
expected, see Fig.3 and Fig. 4
*2 Require closed-loop curve top < 0 dB
*3 Time domain frequency deviation: normally < 0.007.

Conclusion

The study shows that the regulation stability of this power plant will be very good.

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Bode Diagram
40 0

20

Phase (degrees)
Gain (dB)

0 -180
43 degree 14 dB

-20

-40 -360
0.0010 0.0100 0.1000 1.0000 10.0000
Angular frequency

Fig. 1 Open loop Bode diagram

Nyquist Diagram

1.00

0.50

0.00
-3.00 -2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00
-0.50

-1.00

-1.50

-2.00

-2.50

-3.00

Fig. 2 Open loop Nyquist diagram

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Closed-loop gain
Ta=7.7s, bt=0.3, Td=10s
20.00

0.00
Gain (dB)

-20.00

-40.00

-60.00
0.0010 0.0100 0.1000 1.0000 10.0000
Angular frequency

Fig. 3 Closed-loop frequency characteristics

Speed variation
resulting from a step load change (1% of full load)
0.0050
0.0045
0.0040
Relative speed

0.0035
0.0030
0.0025
0.0020
0.0015
0.0010
0.0005
0.0000
0.000 50.000 100.000 150.000 200.000
Time (sec.)

Fig. 4 Step load response in time domain

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