CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

QUESTION BANK

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

Subject Code : CL7201

Subject Name : PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
Course : M.E. Control and Instrumentation Engineering.
Semester : II
Prepared By : Mr.P.Tamilmani, AP/EIE

UNIT I
PROCESS DYNAMICS & CONTROL ACTIONS
Need for process control – Hierarchical decomposition of Control Functions –
Continuous and batch processes – P&ID diagram - Self regulation - Interacting and non-
interacting systems - Mathematical model of Level, Flow and Thermal processes – Lumped and
Distributed parameter models – Linearization of nonlinear systems - Characteristic of ON-OFF,
P, P+I, P+D and P+I+D control modes – Digital PID algorithm – Auto/manual transfer - Reset
windup – Practical forms of PID Controller.

PART A
1. Give any four objectives of process control. (BT-2)
2. Define process. (BT-1)
3. Evaluate manipulated variable. (BT-5)
4. Examine self-regulation. (BT-3)
5. Give the need for mathematical modelling of process. (BT-2)
6. Name a process giving inverse response. (BT-1)
7. Define interacting system and give an example. (BT-1)
8. Examine non self-regulation. (BT-3)
9. Give any two characteristics of first order process modelling. (BT-2)
10.Distinguish between continuous process and batch process. (BT-2)
11.Explain the function of controller. (BT-4)
12.Compose the purpose of final control element? (BT-6)
13.Define Process control. (BT-1)
14.Classify the types of process control. (BT-3)
15.Compare Servo operation and Regulatory operation. (BT-4)

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

16.Formulate the mathematical model of thermal process. (BT-6)

17.Define offset. (BT-1)
18.Define integral (reset) windup? (BT-1)
19.Point out the significance of Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) in control loops?(BT-4)
20.Summarize the characteristics of On-Off and PID controllers. (BT-5)

PART-B
1. Design an Interacting system with the mathematical modelling. (BT-6)
2. Describe a Non-Interacting system with the mathematical modelling. (BT-1)
3. With neat schematic diagram explain about continuous process and batch process. (BT-5)
4. Discuss a typical thermal process with the mathematical model. (BT-2)
5. Define self-regulation and describe it with an example. (BT-1)
6. Examine the transfer function of a first order lag or of a purely capacitive process? (BT-3)
7. Differentiate servo and regulatory operation with an example. (BT-2)
8. Describe Linearization of nonlinear systems. (BT-1)
9. Explain the flow process with the mathematical model. (BT-4)
10. Explain in detail about practical forms of PID controller. (BT-4)

PART-C
1. A mercury thermometer having a time constant of 0.1 min is placed in a temperature bath at
100°F and allowed to come to equilibrium with the bath. At time t =0, the temperature of the
bath begins to vary sinusoidally about its average temperature of 100°F with an amplitude of
2°F. If the frequency of oscillation is 10/ p cycles/min, plot the ultimate response of the
thermometer reading as a function of time. Analyse the phase lag.

2. Three identical tanks are operated in series in a non-interacting fashion as shown in figure. For
each tank, R = 1 and t = 1. The deviation in flow rate to the first tank is an impulse function of
magnitude 2.
( a ) Determine an expression for H ( s ) where H is the deviation in level in the third tank.
( b ) Sketch the response H ( t ).
( c ) Design an expression for H ( t ).

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

3. A PID controller has a proportional gain of 2 %/%, reset time of4 minutes and rate time of 1
minute. At t = 0 error starts increasing at the rate of 1.5%/min. Develop the controller
output at t = 2 minutes. The nominal output of the controller is 50%.

4. Determine the transfer function of a level process in a tank, whose area is 1 m2, liquid level is
maintained at 2 m from the bottom whereas the flow is maintained at 10 m3/hr. Also design
capacitance and resistance with reference to this process.

Prepared by: P.Tamilmani, AP/EIE/VEC

 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

UNIT – II
PID CONTROLLER TUNING – SINGLE LOOP REGULATORY CONTROL
Evaluation criteria – IAE, ISE, ITAE and ¼ decay ratio – Tuning - Process reaction
curve method - Z-N and Cohen-Coon methods, Continuous cycling method and Damped
oscillation method – optimization methods – Auto tuning.

PART A
1. Formulate PI controller using Ziegler- Nicolas tuning method. (BT-6)
2. Define controller tuning. (BT-1)
3. Examine process reaction curve. (BT-3)
4. Examine the performance criterion used for the selection and tuning of controller. (BT-3)
5. Define ultimate gain. (BT-1)
6. Evaluate Time weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) and when to go for it? (BT-5)
7. Analyze the parameters required to design a best controller. (BT-4)
8. Show the practical significance of the gain margin. (BT-3)
9. Analyze the necessary to choose controller settings that satisfy both gain margin and
Phase margin. (BT-4)
10.Give the satisfactory control for composition process& temperature process. (BT-2)
11. Define Integral of Time weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) (BT-1)
12.Evaluate Integral Square Errors(ISE). (BT-5)
13.Define Integral Absolute Errors (IAE) (BT-1)
14.Name the time integral performance criteria measures. (BT-1)
15.Define One-quarter decay ratio. (BT-1)
16.Give the satisfactory control for gas liquid level process. (BT-2)
17. Formulate PID controller using Cohen-Coon tuning method. (BT-6)
18.Give the satisfactory control for vapour pressure process. (BT-2)
19.Analyze the tuning of controller based on quarter – decay ratio. (BT-4)
20.Give the satisfactory control for gas pressure process. (BT-2)

PART-B
1. Discuss the characteristics of composite control modes. (BT-2)
2. Analyze the selection of controllers for various processes. (BT-4)
3. Describe controller tuning using process reaction curve method. (BT-1)
4. Calculate KP, KI & KD values using Zeigler Nicholas tuning method. (BT-3)
5. Describe auto tuning with a neat diagram. (BT-1)

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

6. Discuss briefly about different optimization methods. (BT-2)

7. Evaluate IAE, ISE, ITAE and ¼ decay ratio with examples. (BT-5)
8. Explain controller tuning using one-quarter decay ratio. (BT-4)
9. Describe the characteristics of any two continuous controllers. (BT-1)
10.Given the error values, develop a graph of a P+I controller output as a function of time
-1
Kp = 5, KI = 1 s and PI(0) = 20%.

PART-C
1. The transfer function of the process, valve and the feedback are Gp(S) = 2/(5S+1),
Gv(S) = 0.5/(2S+1), H(S) = 1/(S+1) respectively. Design the Zeigler-Nicholas PID
controller settings.

2. For the system shown in figure evaluate the values of system gain, natural frequency of
oscillations and the damping ratio in terms of the controller parameters Kc, Ti, Td and the
time constant Tl.

3. The input ε to a PI controller is shown in figure. Plot and analyse the output of the controller if
Kc = 2 and ƮI= 0.50 min.

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

4. For the control system shown in figure, design the controller settings for a PI controller using
the Z-N method.

Prepared by: P.Tamilmani, AP/EIE/VEC

 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

UNIT-3
ENHANCEMENT TO SINGLE LOOP REGULATORY CONTROL & MODEL BASED
CONTROL SCHEMES
Cascade control – Split-range - Feed-forward control – Ratio control – Inferential
control –– override control - Smith predictor control scheme - Internal Model Controller - IMC
PID controller – Single Loop Dynamic Matrix Control – Generalized Predictive Control

PART-A
1. Define ratio control. (BT-1)
2. Evaluate the purpose of cascade control for heat exchangers. (BT-5)
3. Compare cascade control with the conventional feedback control. (BT-5)
4. Define cascade control. (BT-1)
5. Examine auctioneering control. (BT-1)
6. Design split-range control. (BT-6)
7. Differentiate split-range control and selective control. (BT-4)
8. Predict why fuel and air sent at a specified ratio into a combustion chamber? (BT-2)
9. Where decouplers are used? (BT-1)
10.When is inferential control used? (BT-1)
11.Examine Single Loop Dynamic Matrix Control. (BT-3)
12.Give the advantages and disadvantages of feed forward controller. (BT-2)
13.Differentiate feedforward and feedback control. (BT-4)
14.Examine dead time compensation. (BT-3)
15.Design override control. (BT-6)
16.Differentiate regulatory control and model based control. (BT-4)
17.Examine generalized Predictive control. (BT-3)
18.Give the advantages and disadvantages of feedback controller. (BT-2)
19.Examine IMC PID controller. (BT-3)
20.Where Smith predictor control scheme is used? (BT-1)

PART-B
1. Discuss about Smith predictor control scheme in detail. (BT-2)
2. Describe cascade control of typical processes with neat sketch. (BT-1)
3. With schematic diagram explain split range control. (BT-4)
4. Describe feed forward control with neat diagram. (BT-1)
5. Compare the advantages and drawbacks of Feed forward and feedback controllers. (BT-5)

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

6. Describe ratio control with schematic diagram. (BT-1)

7. Develop the estimator expression of inferential control which relates the unmeasured
controlled outputs to measured quantities. (BT-6)
8. Explain in detail about override control. (BT-4)
9. Discuss about generalized predictive control scheme in detail. (BT-2)
10.Examine Internal Model Controller to synthesis the controller. (BT-3)

PART-C
1. Design a Control system with feedforward and feedback controllers.
2. Evaluate Gf for the feedforward-feedback system shown in figure, so that C does not change
when a disturbance in Ci occurs.

3. Design a Single Loop Dynamic Matrix Control for a system.

4. Design an IMC controller for a process which is first-order with transport lag.

Prepared by: P.Tamilmani, AP/EIE/VEC

 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

UNIT-4
MULTIVARIABLE SYSTEMS & MULTI-LOOP REGULATORY CONTROL
Multivariable Systems – Transfer Matrix Representation – Poles and Zeros of MIMO
System -Multi-loop Control - Introduction – Process Interaction – Pairing of Inputs and Outputs
-The Relative Gain Array (RGA) – Properties and Application of RGA - Multi-loop PID
Controller - Decoupling Control
PART-A
1. Examine the Poles and Zeros of MIMO System. (BT-3)
2. Analyze the need for Transfer Matrix Representation. (BT-4)
3. Evaluate SISO system. (BT-5)
4. Discuss about multi variable control. (BT-2)
5. Evaluate MIMO system. (BT-5)
6. Define MIMO system. (BT-1)
7. Give the properties of RGA. (BT-2)
8. Examine how to select the loops with the help of RGA. (BT-3)
9. Define RGA. (BT-1)
10.List the applications of RGA. (BT-1)
11.Give the properties of RGA. (BT-2)
12.Examine the Process Interaction. (BT-3)
13.Define decoupling control. (BT-1)
14.Analyze the need of IMC controller. (BT-4)
15.Develop 2-input&2-output closed loop system with a neat block diagram. (BT-6)
16. Point out the merits of internal model controller. (BT-4)
17.Discuss about Pairing of Inputs and Outputs. (BT-2)
18.Define dynamic matrix control. (BT-1)
19.When IMC control is used? (BT-1)
20.Develop 2-input&2-output open loop system with a neat block diagram. (BT-6)

PART-B
1. Calculate poles & zeros in MIMO system with expressions. (BT-3)
2. Explain in detail about properties and application of RGA. (BT-4)
3. With schematic diagram explain multivariable system in detail. (BT-4)
4. Describe about RGA and selection of loops. (BT-1)
5. Summarize the steps to minimize decoupling in multivariable system. (BT-2)
6. Design a multi loop PID controller with neat diagram. (BT-6)

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

7. Summarize the steps to minimize coupling in multivariable control. (BT-2)

8. Describe process interaction and decoupling of control loops(BT-1)
9. Consider a process with the following input-output relationships. Select the loops using RGA
method. (BT-5)
10.Examine multivariable system using Transfer Matrix Representation. (BT-1)
PART-C
1. Evaluate the transfer function matrix for the two-tank liquid-level
system shown in figure. Given: A1=1, A2=0.5, R1=0.5, R2=2/3.

2. Design x ( t ) for the system.

3. In the liquid-level process shown in figure, the three tanks are interacting. The process
may be described by

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

If , evaluate values of R 3, R 4, and R 5.

4. For the system shown in figure, evaluate A and b in

The tanks are interacting. The following data apply: A1 =1, A2 =1/2, R1=1/2, R2=2, R3=1

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

UNIT-5
CASE –STUDIES
Introduction to Multivariable control – Multivariable PID Controller –Predictive PID
Control - Control Schemes for Distillation Column, CSTR, Four-tank system and pH .
PART-A
1. Define PH. (BT-1)
2. Give the methods available for PH measurement? (BT-2)
3. Summarize the design procedures followed by Multivariable control. (BT-5)
4. Examine the configuration of the control loop used for Multivariable control. (BT-3)
5. Analyze how PH control systems work for two-position control? (BT-4)
6. Define CSTR. (BT-1)
7. Point out the significance of predictive controller. (BT-4)
8. Give the control scheme for predictive control. (BT-2)
9. Design non-interacting control loop. (BT-6)
10.Give the control schemes for distillation column. (BT-2)
11.Define binary distillation column. (BT-1)
12.Name the control schemes for a CSTR process. (BT-1)
13.Give the parameters to be measured and controlled in a distillation column. (BT-2)
14.Examine the manipulated variables used for Multivariable control. (BT-3)
15.Summarize the problems occurs in design of Multivariable control. (BT-5)
16.Analyze the control objective of MIMO control systems. (BT-4)
17.Examine the outputs measured for system MIMO control. (BT-3)
18.Develop the structure of a generalized predictive controller. (BT-6)
19.Define predictive controller. (BT-1)
20.List the control schemes for binary distillation column. (BT-1)

PART-B
1. With schematic diagram explain binary distillation column. (BT-5)
2. Describe the predictions for MIMO models. (BT-1)
3. Discuss various control schemes used in multi variable systems. (BT-2)
4. Describe multi variable PID controller in detail. (BT-1)
5. Discuss various control schemes used for the control for binary distillation column. (BT-2)
6. Design interacting and non-interacting control loops. (BT-6)
7. Classify various control schemes used for PH measurement. (BT-3)
8. Explain in detail the various control schemes used for four tank system. (BT-4)

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 CL7201 - PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL

9. Describe predictive PID control with neat diagram. (BT-1)

10.Explain about various control schemes used for CSTR. (BT-4)

PART-C

1. Design a MIMO system for two pairs of inputs and outputs.

2. Design a multi loop control system with two primary controllers and two cross controllers.

3. For the two-tank, interacting liquid-level system shown in figure, create the block diagram
for a MIMO system.

4. Design the four tank system, and derive its overall transfer function.

Prepared by: P.Tamilmani, AP/EIE/VEC