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© 2007 Elliott Tool Technologies
Choosing The Right Tube Expander To
Meet Your Needs
-2-
Heat Exchanger Expander Needs Assessment
• Tube material.
• Tube OD.
• Tube wall thickness (BWG).
• Tube sheet thickness.
• Any obstructions - waterbox or
channel plate, tube
projections, etc.
-3-
Calculating The Rolled Inside Diameter
-4-
Determining 3, 4 or 5 Roll Expander Design
-5-
When To Use 4 Or 5 Roll Expanders
• Tube materials:
• Stainless steel.
• Titanium.
• Other exotic alloys.
• Materials that work harden rapidly.
• Tube sheets with thin ligaments in a triangular pitch.
-6-
Other Factors That May Effect Expander Design
• Tube bend.
-7-
When Is The Reach Of An Expander Important?
-8-
Importance Of Sealing Full Length Of Tube Sheet
-9-
Improving Tube Expansion Quality &
Maximizing Tool Life
- 10 -
How A Mechanical Bond Is Formed
• Tube Joint formed by compressing the tube into a
fixed container (i.e. tube sheet).
• Ideally rolled joint created when the tube state
turns to plastic (stays where it stops) and is
contained by the tube sheet’s elastic properties
(fully recovers). This has to occur right before the
tube sheet turns to a plastic state.
• Under-rolling occurs when the tube is not
compressed enough and remains at an elastic
stage. Bond is not created as yield of material is
not compressed enough to turn tube sheet to
elastic.
• Over-rolling occurs when tube surpasses the
elastic property of tube sheet and therefore the
ligaments between tube sheet holes are shifted
causing adjacent tubes to leak.
Tube: Plastic
Tube Sheet: Elastic
- 11 -
Common Causes Of Tube Joint Failure
Over-Rolled Joint
- 12 -
Calculating The Rolled Inside Diameter
- 13 -
Rolled ID Calculation
Flange /
Fitting Hole
Tube O. D.
Tube
I. D.
Tube Wall
Thickness
- 14 -
Expansion Calculation Tool Is Available From Elliott
ID Range
- 15 -
Proper Operation For Effective Joints & Tool Life
Visual Inspection
- 16 -
Proper Operation For Effective Joints & Tool Life
- 17 -
Tips To Improve Tool Life
• Use 2 Expanders alternatively for one operator. Place one expander in
lubricant while the other one is under rolling operation.
• Exchange expander about every 50 joints to allow for proper cool-off and
lubrication. Use Quick Change Chuck to minimize downtime.
• Every 5-7 complete exchanges, check for debris trapped between mandrel
and rolls. Disassemble and clean if required. Ensure thrust bearings have
liberal amounts of grease.
• Roll to suggested tube wall reduction using a Torque Control Box. This
ensures repeatability of Joint Tightness and reduces overheating of tube
expander and components.
• Hold Rolling Motor in a vertical / straight position and avoid motor to weigh
on the mandrel to avoid possible axial load on the mandrel creating fatigue
and premature tool breakage.
• Use double-radius rolls when rolling inside the tube sheet (or inner-sheet).
This will avoid sharp edges inside the tube that will cause strain on the
mandrel when withdrawn.
- 18 -