What is research?

Research: is a process of finding solutions to a problem after a thoroughly study and analysis of the
situational factors.

Business research:

Organized, Systematic, data based, critical, objective, scientific effort to investigate a specific problem
encountered in the work setting, which needs a solution.

Decision making: a process of choosing from among alternative solutions to resolve a problem and
research helps to generate viable alternatives for effective decision making.

Business research comprises a series of steps that are designed and executed with the goal of finding
answers to the issues that are of concern to the managers in the work environment and these steps are:

1. Where is the problem area exist

2. Identify the problem that need to be studied and resolved.

3. Gathering information related the problem

4. Analyzing the data

5. Determine the factors that are associated with the problem.

6. Solve the problem by taking the corrective actions.

Process of choosing from among alternative solutions to resolve a problem and research helps to
generate viable alternative for effective decision making

Type of data:

1. Quantitative : as generally gathered through structured questions

2. Qualitative: as generated from the broad answers to specific questions in interviews

Types of business research: applied and basic:

1. Applied research: research that aims to solve a current problem faced by the manager in the
work setting this in order to take corrective action
 2. Basic research: the research that aims to generate a body of knowledge by trying to
comprehend how certain problems that occur in organizations can be solved

Managers and research

Being knowledgeable about research methods helps professional managers to:

 Identify and effectively solve minor problems in the work setting

 Know how to discriminate good from bad research

 Appreciate and be constantly aware of the multiple effects of factors impinging on a situation

 Take calculated risks in decision making, knowing full well the probabilities associated with the
different possible outcomes

 Prevent possible vested interests from exercising their influence in a situation

 Relate to hired researchers and consultants more effectively

 Combine experience with scientific knowledge while making decisions

The manager and the consultant- researcher

 Managers often need to engage a consultant to study some of the more complex, time-
consuming problem that they encounter, as in the case of apple discussed earlier.
 It is thus important to be knowledgeable about how to effectively interact with the
consultant

The manager-researcher relationship:

While hiring researchers or consultants the manager should make sure that:

1. The roles and expectation of both parties are made explicit

2. Relevant philosophies and value systems of the organization are clearly stated and constraints, if
any, are communicated

3. A good rapport is established with the researchers, and between the researchers and the
employees in the organization, enabling the full cooperation of the latter
 Internal versus external consultants/researchers:

Internal consultants / researchers

Some organizations have their own consulting or research department, which might be called the
management services department, the organization and methods department, R & D (research and
development department)

Advantages of internal consultants / researchers

1. The internal team stands a better chance of being readily accepted by the employees in the
subunit of the organization where research needs to be done

2. The tame requires much less time to understand the internal environment of the organization

3. They are available to implement the recommendations after the research have been accepted

4. The cost for the research will much less in case of internal point

Disadvantages of internal consultants / researchers

1. Stereotype problem.

2. The affect of other powerful coalition in the organization that could affect the research team for
their own interests

3. The affect that the internal department findings may not get that attention from the
organization

4. Their findings may be less objective and consequently les scientific

5. external consultants / researchers

The disadvantages of internal turn out to be advantages of the external team and formers advantages
workout to be the disadvantages of the latter

Advantages of External consultants / researchers

1. External team can draw on a wealth of experience from having worked with similar situations
and problems in other organizations.

2. External teams have more knowledge problem solving models through periodic trainings
programs.

Disadvantages of External consultants / researchers

1. External teams can take considerable time to understand the organizational structure and the
internal time of the organization.
 2. The cost of hiring external team could be is too high unless the problem is critical.

3. The external team charge extra fees for their assistance in implementation and evaluation
phases.

Knowledge about research and managerial effectiveness

The sensitivity of managers to the innumerable internal and external factors of a varied nature operating
in their work and organizational environment.

It also helps to facilitate affective interactions with consultants and comprehension of the nuances of
the research process.

Ethics and business research

Ethics in business research refers to a code of conduct or expected societal norm of behavior while
conducting research.

Ethical conduct applies to the organization and the members that sponsor the research, the researchers
who undertake the research, and the respondents who provide them with the necessary data.

Ethical behavior pervades each step of the research process – data collection, data analysis, reporting,
and dissemination of information on the internet.

We have business journals such as the journal of business ethics quarterly that are mainly devoted the
issue of ethics in business