PAPER 1 ( 1 TO 9 Pages )

PRESENTATION

ON

OZONE TECHNOLOGY

Generation of High Concentration Ozone

By Ceramic Electrode Technology

Presented by:

Mr. A. Sagayaraj
Managing Director

TECHNOZONE ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD

 1. INTRODUCTION

Ozone technology is fast changing the scenario of water & waste water treatment
technology in India with respect to disinfection, purification & effluent colour change.
Though a lot of manufactures of Ozone Generators are using glass electrodes to
produce Ozone in India, there has been a very few who have successfully
manufactured & produced ceramic based electrodes for ozone generation.
Technozone is the pioneer & the only successful Indian Company to have
indigenously manufactured ceramic electrodes for production of state of the art PLC
based High Concentration Ozone Generators (upto 10kg).

2. CERAMIC COATING TECHNOLOGY – DETONATION SPRAY

The Detonation-Gun uses measured quantities of oxygen, acetylene and particles of a

coating material, detonated by a timed spark in the firing chamber. The resultant high-
speed gas stream heats up the coating particles to a plastic state and throws them from
the gun barrel at supersonic velocity (upto 1200m/s).

This action joins the coating material to the surface of the workpiece with a tenacious
mechanical bond. Bond strengths in excess of 10,000 psi are obtained. Coating
hardness can go upto 1350 VHN.

Rapid-fire detonations, during automatically controlled passes across the workpiece,

build up the coating to a specified thickness. Although temperatures around 3500 °C
is reached inside the gun, the workpiece remains below 100 °C, this eliminates the
possibility of microstructure changes in precision parts. Also metallurgical properties
in the substrate remain unchanged.
 3. R & D ON CERAMIC ELECTRODES FOR OZONE TECHNOLOGY

Technozone has researched & developed the Ceramic Electrodes which are coated
with D-Gun and which has the highest di-electric strength. These ceramic electrodes
are utilized to produce highest concentration Ozone. Currently in India Ozone
generators are manufactured with glass electrodes which have very low concentration
& reliability and occupy 10 times more space than ceramic electrodes. On the other
hand ceramic electrodes produce high concentration ozone occupying very little space
and consuming less power.

•
INDIA’S ONLY TUBULAR CERAMIC ELECTRODE TECHNOLOGY
•
HIGH QUALITY & HIGH CONCENRATION OZONE
•
OCCUPIES VERY LESS SPACE
•
LESS MAINTENANCE
•
IGBT BASED ELECTRONICS FOR 24 X 7 OPERATION
• CERAMIC BASED TECHNOZONE GENERATORS ARE COMPACT,
RUGGED & EASY TO INSTALL & TROUBLE FREE OPERATION.

Ceramic Electrode based Ozone Generators

Ozone is produced on a commercial-scale by means of silent electrical discharge the result of a high-
voltage alternating field acting between two electrodes separated by a dielectric and a narrow gap. The
feed gas, usually air or oxygen, flows through the narrow gap across which the discharge occurs. The
ozone generator‘s electrodes are two concentric tubes, an outer tube made of stainless steel and an
inner electrode formed by a layer of metal on the inside of a dielectric. The metal electrode is cooled by
water flowing around the outside of it.

4. WHAT IS OZONE

Ozone is tri-atomic oxygen, is an activated, or enriched oxygen, O3.

O2 + O2 (electric discharge) O2 + O +O O3 + O

• Ozone is tri atomic Oxygen.

• Very powerful oxidizing agent, second among elements only to fluorine. It can
oxidize many organic compounds.
• It is used commercially as bleach for waxes, oils, and textiles, and as a
deodorizing agent.
• It is a powerful germicide; it is also used to sterilize air and drinking water.
• It is a natural biocide, which effectively kills bacteria, viruses and fungi within
seconds.
• Ozone destroys bacteria, viruses, mold, and mildew & eliminates spores,
cysts, yeast, and fungus.
• Ozone eliminates oils and other contaminants in water. Ozone eliminates
odors in air, such as smoke.
• Ozone keeps water clean and sparkling clear.
• Because gaseous ozone is highly reactive, it readily oxidizes (breaks down)
organic matter.
5. APPLICATION OF OZONE TECHNOLOGY PROCESS
 6. CERAMIC ELECTRODES VS GLASS ELECTRODES

• Much higher concentration ozone (more than 10 times) can be produced

using Ceramic electrode than Glass electrode technology.

• Low Voltage 2.5 KV requires less insulation resulting in trouble free

power handling compared to Glass electrode technology which requires 8 to 10
KV.

• Technozone standard systems provide very high concentration of ozone

ranging from 50 gms to 1000 gms ozone output per hour occupying very little
space.

• Glass electrodes means transportation & handling problems and service

is extremely difficult.

• Advanced Ceramic Electrode Technology ensures trouble free operation,

longer life & less maintenance.

• Ceramic based Technozone generators are compact, rugged & easy to

install & trouble free operation.

• Very large scale generators producing several kgs of ozone (15 kgs &
more) are possible by modular attachment with very efficient use of space which
is not possible with glass electrodes for such high capacities.
 7. TEXTILE WASTE WATER TREATMENT WITH OZONE
TECHNOLOGY

Introduction

The textile industry produces large quantities of effluents which are very toxic and
resistant to destruction by physico-chemical treatment methods and are not very
biodegradable. The non biodegradability of textile wastewater is due to their high
content of dyestuffs, surfactants and additives which generally are organic compounds
of complex structures . Textile wastewater, being nonbiodegradable under both
natural and sewage treatment plant conditions, is a potential nuisance to the
environment.
Ozonation is a very effective method of wastewater treatment capable of removing
color and toxic organic compounds from textile effluents. Ozone application, due to
its high oxidizing power, may achieve at least a partial destruction or removal of
many refractory organic materials and ozone leaves no by-products and furthermore it
is a disinfectant.
The ability of ozone to destroy dyestuffs and to cause alteration in surfactant
molecular structure resulting in changes of the material characteristics is already well
known and it leads to reduction of foaming ability and decoloration.
However, a combined method of ozone pretreatment and subsequent biodegradation
can be recommended for textile wastewater treatment

Ozone treatment

The improvement in biodegradability is a result of changes in molecular structure

following ozonation, removing inhibitory effects which otherwise would retard the
breakdown. Biodegradability of chemical compounds depends largely on their
chemical structure. The compounds having a functional group containing oxygen,
e.g., hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, etc., are known to be easily biodegraded.
Ozonation of an aqueous solution of chemical compounds causes alterations in their
structures that result in introducing oxygen into the ozonized compound. Small doses
of ozone can be sufficient to change the structure of surfactants and dyestuffs; this
results in changes of material characteristics such as foaming ability and color,
respectively, and
increases water solubility of the oxidation products. The surfactants and dyes still
exist in aqueous solution of treated wastes, in the form of newly created organic
materials. Although their application characteristics like surface activity or color have
been destroyed by the ozonation, a large organic load remains, as reflected in high
COD residual. However, these ozonized compounds, due to chemical changes
described above, are more amenable to bacteriological breakdown, and are
characterized by enhanced biodegradative properties. In order to obtain a higher
extent of biodegradation of textile wastewater, nutrients,

Conventional Oxidation Treatment Vs Ozone

Conventional oxidation treatment have found difficulty to oxidize dyestuffs and

complex structure of organic compounds at low concentration or if they are especially
refractory to the oxidants. To ease the stated problems advanced oxidation processes
such ozone technology have been developed to generate hydroxyl free radicals which
showed the greatest promise to treat textile wastewater. These oxidants effectively
decolorized dyes. Composite textile wastewater is characterized mainly by
measurements of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand
(COD), suspended solids (SS) and dissolved solids (DS).

Conclusion

Ozone is a powerful oxidant agent for water and wastewater. Once dissolved in water,
ozone reacts with a great number of organic compounds in two different ways: by
direct oxidation as molecular ozone or by indirect reaction through formation of
secondary oxidants like hydroxyl radical.

Ozone application can be generalized into two; a powerful disinfection and a strong
oxidant to remove colour and odour, eliminating trace toxic synthetic organic
compounds and assisting in coagulation.
 8. CONCLUSION

Ozone technology is the most environment friendly process that is available in the

world today to treat effluent & sewage waste waters and for purification &

disinfection of water. The following points summarize the real need to go for this

technology in treating effluents:

1. The total elimination of sludge (resulting due to the use of chemicals for

colour removal) in the Textile Effluent treatment is the single most primary

advantage which would encourage any dying plant to go for this technology.

2. Elimination of elaborate setup in the conventional effluent treatment & the

sludge solar pits reduces infrastructure requirement to a great extend

3. The plant running cost of ozone technology for effluent treatment is

considerably less than conventional treatment thus ultimately reducing the

production cost.

4. Ozone technology is clean & environment friendly and is very safe to use

without polluting the atmosphere (water & air) unlike any other chemical

treatment.

5. Pollution Control Norms can be easily attained with Ozone technology.

6. TECHNOZONE Ozone generators are state of the art with ceramic electrode

technology and microprocessor based PLC control for very efficient running

of the plant. The plant is designed & manufactured with very sturdy materials

for 24 X 7 operation and requires very little maintenance.

 PAPER 2 :
MBBR/IFAS TECHNOLOGIES FOR ENHANCED WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
Siva Angappan, B.E., M.S., M.B.A. Director Technical, Headworks Bio Inc., USA &
Canada
Vincent Pinto, Country Manager, Headworks Inc., Bangalore, India

The wastewater treatment field is at a crossroads. Previous generation of wastewater

treatment technologies that served the municipalities and industries over the last 50 –
100 years around the world are fast becoming obsolete.
As capacity demands increase and effluent quality regulations become increasingly
stringent, a rising number of wastewater treatment plants around the world are in need
of process upgrades. Nutrient removal requirements and high quality effluent
standards for wastewater reuse have become more prevalent in recent years to
safeguard aquatic habitat and conserve water resources. Upgrading large wastewater
treatment plants to meet changing environmental standards can be a costly endeavor.
Land surrounding existing plants is often unavailable or obtainable only at a premium
price. Land acquisition, engineering and construction costs required to complete
additional aeration basins and clarifiers can strain municipal budgets.
The existing treatment technologies, based mainly on the Activated Sludge process,
have traditionally focused on the removal of organics (COD, BOD, etc.). With the
build up of nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus) in surface waters, environmental
regulators are increasingly forcing municipalities to remove ammonia, total nitrogen,
and phosphorus.

The hurdles faced by the activated sludge process are two fold: technological and
economical. While the activated sludge process is able to perform nitrification,
denitrification, and phosphorus removal, this is not the ideal process for these
purposes. For example, in cold weather conditions, nitrification in activated sludge is
extremely inefficient. Moreover, the activated sludge process is extremely vulnerable
to toxic shocks, washouts, and process upset conditions.

In urban areas, space is limited, especially in densely populated countries such as

India. Due to the lack of expansion space, it is extremely difficult to add flow
capacity necessary for population growth or meet new stringent effluent requirements.
There are alternatives to the activated sludge process that allow the retrofit of existing
treatment systems: the MBBR process and the IFAS process.

The moving bed bio-reactor (MBBR) process uses free floating polyethylene carriers
inside aeration basins. The biofilm carriers are thoroughly mixed and distributed
throughout the aeration basins. Biofilm grows on the protected surface areas of the
carriers and provides much higher biomass than in the activated sludge process. Since
the biomass is attached to the carriers, this MBBR process is also called the fluidized
fixed-film process as opposed to the suspended growth process of activated sludge.
The fixed-film (or attached growth) processes typically have three to four times the
“equivalent” MLSS as compared to the activated sludge process. Due to this compact
nature, the MBBR process can save up to 50 – 75% of space when compared to the
activated sludge process. Alternatively, an existing activated sludge process can be
easily retrofitted to add nitrification and denitrification process without any new
construction.
The Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) process is similar to the MBBR
process with the key difference of recycled activated sludge (RAS). In an MBBR,
RAS is not required whereas in an IFAS, the RAS is recycled to take advantage of the
existing infrastructure such as the clarifiers. The addition of equivalent MLSS on the
carriers plus the suspended phase MLSS greatly enhance the treatment capacity
without new construction or additional space requirement.
For new installations of wastewater plants, the following table provides a comparison
of the MBBR and the IFAS processes relative to the activated sludge process.

Factor Activated Sludge IFAS MBBR

Space Requirements High 50 – 75% less 50 – 75% less
Operator attention High Medium Low
Process Robustness Low High High
Recovery from Shocks Long Fast Fast
Treatment System Life > 20 years > 20 years > 20 years
Effluent Quality Highly Variable Consistent Consistent
Solids/TSS Removal Secondary Clarifier Clarifier/DAF Clarifier/DAF
Capital Costs (ex. land) Medium Slightly Higher Slightly Higher
Operating Costs Same Same Same

In this presentation, we will provide a brief overview of our technologies and a few
case studies with our installations in North America and Europe.

A Pdf file is enclosed

PAPER 3 :

KOLON IMMERSED MEMBRANE ADVANCED SYSTEM

By Mr Bizyun Kolon ,Korea and Mr Crv Joseph, Living Waterefine

Technologies ,India

Power point presentation attatched