Professional Documents
Culture Documents
governments in raising capital by underwriting and/or acting as the client's agent in the
issuance of securities. An investment bank may also assist companies involved in
mergers and acquisitions, and provides ancillary services such as market making, trading
of derivatives, fixed income instruments, foreign exchange, commodities, and equity
securities.
Fungibility is the property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are capable
of mutual substitution. Examples of highly fungible commodities are crude oil, wheat,
orange juice, precious metals, and currencies.
It refers only to the equivalence of each unit of a commodity with other units of the same
commodity. Fungibility has nothing to do with the ability to exchange one commodity for
another different commodity. It refers only to the ease of exchanging one unit of a
commodity with another unit of the same commodity.
Companies usually go to debt market for raising their short term needs. Either they issue
bonds or get loans. But if they have massive expansion plans they may not raise sufficient
funds in the debt market and even if they could it costs more. Companies come with
follow on offer to restructure the business or to raise funds for new business or to expand
the existing business.
Similar to an IPO a price band is fixed (usually with the help of Investment banks) for the
issue and interested investors can apply for it. Unlike the corporate actions (such as
bonus, rights issue; they are applicable only to the existing stake holders) FPO is open to
all investors. The price band for the FPO depends on the market value of the existing
company shares and the reason for raising funds.
Bond market
The bond market (also known as the debt, credit, or fixed income market) is a
financial market where participants buy and sell debt securities, usually in the form of
bonds
Bond (finance)
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a
debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay interest (the coupon)
and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed maturity. A bond is a formal contract
to repay borrowed money with interest at fixed intervals.[1]
debt instrument
A written promise to repay a debt.