LNG as fuel for marine application

experiences / challenges

Per Magne Einang

Research Director
MARINTEK
www.marintek.com

CIMAC Circle NorShipping 2009

MARINTEK 1
Natural gas as fuel for ships - experience

The first LNG ferry Glutra 2000

Two Supply Vessels 2003

Two new supply vessels on order

Series of five LNG car ferries 2007

Ten new ferries on ordered

Three military vessels on order

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“Bergensfjord” In service January 2007

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LNG ferry Bergensfjord
Main dimensions and capacities:
„ Overall length 130 m
„ Breath 19 m
„ Draught max 4, 6 m
„ Cars (pcu) 212
„ Passengers 590
„ Service speed 21 knots
„ LNG storage: 2 x 125 m3 LNG

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Bergensfjord – General arrangements

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Bergensfjord - Gas engines installed

Rolls-Royce K-type
Lean Burn gas engines

2 KVGS 16G4 – 3535 kW each

2 KVGS 12G4 – 2650 kW each

Total power installed: 12370 kW

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 g/kWh

Exhaust emission - 6
SO2

Natural gas vs MDO 4

2
„ Sulphur emission is eliminated
0
MDO 1% S natural gas

g/kWh
Particulates
0,4
„ Particulate matters is close to zero 0,3

0,2

0,1

0
MDO 1% S natural gas
„ CO2 is reduced by 26% g/kWh

CO2
Due to unburned methane the net reduction 800

of greenhouse gases is somewhat lower 600

400

200

0
„ NOx is reduced by 80-90% g/kWh
MDO 1% S natural gas

NOx
18

12

Source: Rolls-Royce Marine 0

MDO 1% S natural gas

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The LNG ferry at berth

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LNG bunkering station at ferry berth

Capacity bunkering station:

2x 500m3 LNG

LNG transferred by pump

Filling time for the large

LNG ferries about two
hours

Refuelled every third night

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Bunkering LNG ferry

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R&D program – LNG fuelled ships (2006-08)
Example RoRo Freight ship (fixed rout in Baltic sea)

Requirements from ship operator:

„ Same classification of engine room as for diesel or HFO operation
„ Mechanical drive
„ Increased building cost should be justified by lower operating cost (meaing
lower fuel cost and tax reduction, avoid exhaust gas cleaning)
Cost level (preliminary)
„ Building cost Heavy fuel operation: about 25 mill €
„ Additional cost for LNG propulsion (gas only): about 2 mill € (+8%)
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LNG powered RoRo freight ship (gas only)
Two ships under construction for delivery in 2010-11

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Rules and regulations - Gas fuelled ships
Examples from the IMO work Provisions for gas fuelled ships
Different engine room arrangements
„ Inherently safe engine room
„ Double piping to gas engine
„ No special requirements

„ ESD (Emergency Shut Down) protected engine room

„ Minimum two separate engine rooms
„ Redundant systems
„ Increased ventilation
„ Gas detection
„ Minimum of ignition sources

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Main Gas engine
Rolls Royce B35:40V12P-G marine
Arrangement with double walled piping on main gas supply and pre-chamber gas

Gas dangerous area

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 Gas dangerous area

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Main gas engine
Rolls-Royce Bergen B35:40 V 12
Spark ignited lean-burn gas engine

Rolls-Royce Bergen
Gas engine B35:40-V12
Power: 5250 kW
Efficiency: 48%
NOx: 1,2 g/kWh

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Mechanical vs electric drive
Lean Burn gas engine
17
Spec. energy cons. [MJ/kWh]

Generator load

15 Propeller load

13

11

7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Engine Load [%]

Thermal efficiency:
Power output/fuel input ⇒ kWh/9 MJ ⇒ 103 W3600s/9*106Ws ⇒
3600/9000*100% ⇒ 40%
Based on measured data from Rolls-Royce Bergen

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New concepts and design

Four small costal bulk carries

designed or considered

Two oil product tankers designed

or considered

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Development of a new LNG storage system (IMO A tank)

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Development of a new LNG storage system (IMO A tank)
Design of 450 m3 LNG fuel tank with complete secondary barrier

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What about availability of LNG and price?

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Small scale receiving terminals in Norway (2006)

Receiving LNG terminals

„ LNG receiving terminals in
operation (read) and under
construction (blue)
„ Total number of 26 terminals
„ Wide span in size
100m3 - 3500m3 LNG

Source of LNG
Local production (marked P)
„ Karmøy 20000 ton/year
„ Kollsnes1 40000 ton/year
„ Kollsnes2 80000 ton/year
„ Tjelbergodden 10000 ton/year
Total 150000 ton/year

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Small receiving terminal at an aluminum plant
LNG ship 1000m3 LNG

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Gasnor New LNG vessel 2. quarter of 2009

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Lyse gas
LNG i Risavika
Stavanger

Capasity (train 1) 300 000 Ton/year (train 2 300 000 ton/year)

Starting 4. quarte 2010 (train 1)

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Nordic LNG (Lyse Gas and Skaugen)
Logistic solutions with ships

6 multi gas (LNG, Ethylene, LPG) carriers of 10 000 cbm and two of 12 000 cbm

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Price level LNG vs Marin Diesel Oil (MDO)

LNG and MGO prices vs Crude oil price on energy basis

1200
Fuel prices [$/ton]

LNG small scale

1000
LNG import Japan
800 MGO market price

600
400
200
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Brent crude oil price [$/barrel]

At high crude oil price LNG has a significant price margin to

Marin Diesel Oil (MDO)

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Summing up
„ Natural gas (LNG) as fuel is an alternative for low emissions
in short sea shipping
„ Gas engine and LNG technology are available
„ LNG as fuel can compete with Marin Diesel Oil not with Low
sulphur heavy fuel
„ LNG fuelled ships will have a higher building cost due to the
LNG storage and bunkering system
„ Competitiveness can be improved by reduction of costs
related to the LNG system
„ Reduction in the level of cost is possible due to simplifying
rules and regulations, general product developments and
competition
„ LNG is available today from small scale production plants.
Small LNG ships can take LNG from import terminals

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Tank you for your attention

permagne.einang@marintek.sintef.no

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