Generic Name Indication Mechanism of Action Contraindication Nursing

Consideration

Cefuroxime Prevent infection that Inhibits bacterial cell Contraindicated in >obtain specimen for
will occur because of wall synthesis, thus patient culture & sensitivity
difficulty to urinate promoting osmotic hypersensitivity to test before giving first
Brand Name: instability which drug or other dose.
eventually leads to cephlosporins.
Zinacef bacterial cell death >Assess patient for
allergic reaction and
Classification: anaphylaxis.

Cephalosporin >check for signs &

symptoms of a
Dosage: superinfections,
especially if client
750mg IV every 8hrs takes high doses of
Adverse Effect: cephalosporin for
prolonged period.
Nausea & vomiting,
headache, dizziness, >monitor vital signs,
loose stools, itching urine output,
laboratory results,
report abnormal
findings
Generic Name Indication Mechanism of Action Contraindication Nursing
Consideration

Metoclopromide GI motility Dopamine Antagonist GI hemorrhage >Inject slowly IV

disturbances that acts by increasing epilepsy, obstruction every 1-2 minute to
sensitivity to or perforation prevent transient
Brand Name: Nausea & vomiting of acetylcholine; results feelings of anxiety &
central & peripheral in increased motility of restlessness
Placil origin associated with the upper GI tract and
infectious diseases & relaxation of the >N&V, anorexia,
Classification: drug induced. pyloric sphincter & constipation
duodenal bulb. abdominal distention
Anti emetic before 7 after
administration.
Dosage:
Adverse Effect: >Report lack of
1 amp IV every 8 response , persistent
hours Restlessness, side effect so that they
drowsiness, fatigue, can be properly
dizziness, nausea, evaluated.
headache.
>Frequent monitor BP
of pt’s taking IV form
of drug

>Assess pt’s GI
complaints
Generic Name Indication Mechanism of Action Contraindication Nursing
Consideration

Ambroxol HCL Acute & chronic May increase the Hypersensitivity >Assess cough, type
disorders of output of fluid from the Gastric Ulceration frequency character
respiratory tract respiratory tract by including sputum
Brand Name: associated with reducing the viscosity
bronchial secretions & surface tension of >Provide adequate
Mucosolvan respiratory secretions, hydration to 2 L/day to
thereby removing decrease viscosity of
Classification: accumulated secretions.
secretions from upper
Expextorants & lower airway. >Monitor for possible
adverse reaction
Dosage:
>Suggest sugarless
750 mg/cap once a Adverse Effect: lozenges to decrease
day throat irritation &
Headache, cough hard candy can
tachycardia, fatigue, be used to prevent dry
N&V GI discomfort. mouth
Generic Name Indication Mechanism of Action Contraindication Nursing
Consideration

Domperidone Dyspeptic Symptom Selectively blocks GI hemorrhage >Assess for GI

complex associated peripheral dopamine mechanical complaints, before &
with delayed gastric receptors in the GI obstruction of after administration
Brand Name: emptying. wall and in the perforation. Pt with
chemoreceptor trigger epilepsy >Assess for change in
Andlogan Symptomatic relief of zone thus enhancing bowel habits
N&V normal synchronized
Classification: GI peristalsis & >Inform the pt to take
motility in the proximal the medication before
Anti flatulents region of GIT meals. If taken after
counteract anti- meals absorption is
Dosage: cholinergic induced somewhat delayed.
relaxation of lower
10 mg 1 tab TID esophageal sphincter. Adverse Effect: >Instruct the pt to
inform physician if
Intestinal cramps, transient intestinal
drowsiness, lashes & cramps occur.
other allergic reaction.
Generic Name Indication Mechanism of Action Contraindication Nursing
Consideration

Hyoscine-N-butyl Various painful Inhibits acetylcholine Glaucoma megacolon, >Give by direct IV

bromide condition GI spam at receptor sites in hypersensitivity, after diluting with
irritable colon, biliary autonomic nervous paralytic ileus, sterilize water
colic, urinary colic system, which controls tachycardia
Brand Name: secretions, free acids >Monitor I&O ratio,
in stomach. retention commonly
Buscopan causes decreased
urinary output
Classification:
>Assess for
Anti spasmodic constipation

Dosage: >Assess for tolerance

Adverse Effect: over long term therapy
1 amp every 8 hours
Dry mouth, dizziness,
fatigue, rash anorexia,
headache
 NAME OF MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRA- SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
DRUG ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic: Ceftin is a β lactam bacterial infections, allergy to CNS: Headache,  Determine history
Cefuroxime type antibiotic. More such as: cephalosporin dizziness, lethargy, of hypersensitivity
specifically, it is a • bronchitis antibiotics paresthesias reactions to
Brand: second generation • gonorrhea cephalosporins,
Cidokez cephalosporin. • Lyme disease I: Nausea, vomiting, penicillins, and history
• infections of diarrhea, anorexia, of allergies, particularly
Dosage: Cephalosporins work the ears, abdominal pain, to drugs, before
750 mg IV the same way as throat, flatulence, therapy is initiated.
penicillins: they sinuses, pseudomembranous  Inspect IM and IV
Classification: interfere with the urinary colitis, liver toxicity injection sites
anti-infective; peptidoglycan tract,and skin Hematologic: Bone frequently for signs of
antibiotic; second- synthesis of the marrow depression: phlebitis.
generation bacterial wall by decreased WBC,  Report onset of
cephalosporin inhibiting the final decreased platelets, loose stools or
transpeptidation decreased Hct diarrhea.
needed for the cross- GU: Nephrotoxicity  Although
links. Hypersensitivity:  Pseudomembranou
Ranging from rash to s colitis.
fever to anaphylaxis,
 Monitor I&O rates
serum sickness
and pattern: Especially
reaction
important in severely ill
Other:
patients receiving high
Superinfections,
doses. Report any
disulfiram-like reaction
significant changes.
with alcohol
 Prior to
reconstitution, protect
drug from light.
 The power and
reconstituted drug may
darken without
affecting potency.
 Continue therapy
for at least 10 days in
infections due to
 Streptococcus
pyrogens.

NAME OF MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRA- SIDE EFFECTS NURSING

DRUG ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic: Synthetic compound Acute infection with Hypersensitivity to the -Dry mouth with  Monitor neurologic
Metronidazole with direct susceptible anaerobic drug. strange metallic taste- status during and after
trichomonacidal and bacteria-Acute Nausea-Vomiting- IV infusion. Inform
Brand: amebicidal activity as intestinal amebiasis- Should only given for Diarrhea physician if seizure,
well as antibacterial Bacterial vaginosis life threatening dizziness or headache
activity against infections when other occur.
Dosage: anaerobic bacteria antibiotic treatment is  Inform the patient that
500mg IV and some gram- ineffective. his urine will be darker
negative bacteria. than usual.
Classification:  Take full course of drug
antibacterial therapy; take the drug
antiprotozoal with food or milk if GI
antibiotic upset occurs.
 Instruct the patient to
take medication exactly
as directed evenly
spaced times between
dose, even if feeling
better. Do not skip
doses or doble up
missed doses. If a dose
is missed, take as soon
as remembered if not
almost time for next
dose.
 NAME OF MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRA- SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
DRUG ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic: Competitively inhibits Active duodenal and  Contraindicat EENT:  Assess patient for
Ranitidine action of histamine on gastric ulcer ed in patients Blurred vision abdominal pain. Note
Hydrochloride the H2 receptor sites hypersensitive to presence of emesis,
of parietal cells, Used to drug and those Hepatic: stool, or gastric
Brand: decreasing gastric prevent ulcer with with acute jaundice .aspirate
Zantac acid secretion. while patient is porphyria  Proper used of
on NPO.  Use Other: OTC preparation as
Dosage: cautiously in burning and itching at indicated.
50 mg I.V patients with injection site,  Take once daily
hepatic anaphylaxis,angioedema prescription drug at
Classification: dysfunction. bed time for best
Gastrointestinal Adjust dosage in results
drug (Anti-ulcer patients with  Instruct patient to
drug) impaired renal take without regard to
failure meals because
absorption isn’t
affected by food.
 NAME OF MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRA- SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
DRUG ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic: Nalbuphine acts as an  Relief of  Hypersensitivi CNS: nervousness,  Monitor respiratory
Nalbuphine agonist at specific moderate to ty to nalbuphine, crying, depression, rate before and after
opioid receptors in the severe pain sulfites; lactation. restlessness, giving nubain because
Brand: CNS to produce  Preoperative  Use euphoria, hostility, it causes respiratory
Nubain analgesia, sedation analgesia, as a cautiously with confusion, faintness, depression
but also acts to cause supplement to emotionally floating, unusual  Monitor I and O to
Dosage: hallucinations and is surgical unstable clients or dreams, numbness, determine if there is
10mg an antagonist at µ anesthesia, and those with a feeling of heaviness, excessive fluid loss
receptors for obstetric history of narcotic and psychotomimetic  Monitor Bp before
Classification: analgesia during abuse; pregnancy effects such as and after administering
Narcotic agonist- labor and delivery. prior to labor, hallucinations, feeling the medication to
antagonist labor or delivery, of unreality and prevent any
analgesic bronchial asthma, dysphoria. complication
COPD, respiratory
depression, Cardiovascular:
anoxia, increased hypertension,
intracranial hypotension,
pressure, acute MI bradycardia,
when nausea and tachycardia.
vomiting are
present, biliary Gastrointestinal:
tract surgery. cramps, dyspepsia,
bitter
 NAME OF MECHANISM OF INDICATIONS CONTRA- SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
DRUG ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATIONS
Generic: Inhibits prostaglandin Used for treating Hypersensitivity to Rash  Instruct client to
Ketorolac Synthesis by inflammation and pain ketorolac, aspirin, Headaches avoid alcohol and
decreasing the activity in the operation site. other NSAIDs, or any Dizziness maintain adequate
Brand: of the enzyme, component of the Drowsiness hydration (2-3
Toradol cyclooxygenase, formulation; patients Abdominal L/day of fluids)
which results in who have developed pain unless instructed to
Dosage: Decreased formation nasal polyps, Nausea restrict fluid intake.
30mg IV of prostaglandin angioedema, or Diarrhea  Monitor for signs of
precursors, chemicals bronchospastic Constipation pain relief, such as
Classification: that cells of the reactions to other Heartburn an increased
Nonsteroidal immune system make NSAIDs; active or Fluid appetite and
Anti- that cause the history of peptic ulcer retention activity
Inflammatory redness, fever, and disease;recent or  Instruct client to
Drugs (NSAIDs) pain of inflammation history of GI bleeding avoid taking
and that also are or perforation; patients ketorolac with
believed to be with advanced renal aspirin or other
important in the disease or risk of renal NSAIDs such as
production of non- failure. ibuprofen (Motrin,
inflammatory pain. Prophylaxis Advil), naproxen
before major surgery; (Aleve, Naprosyn),
suspected or piroxicam
confirmed (Feldene), etc.
cerebrovascular
bleeding;hemorrhagic
diathesis
Generic/ Trade Classificatio Indication Mechanism of Contradiction Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name n Action/Indication

Paracetamol Anti-pyretic Symptomati inhibits prostaglandin • Contraindica rash, blood • Use liquid form for
(Biogesic) c biosynthesis in the ted in disorders, children and patients
relief of pain central nervous patients hypotension (low who have difficulty
and system but not (or hypersensiti blood pressure) - swallowing.
fever. hardly) in the ve to drug. when given by • In children, don’t
peripheral tissues. • Use injection into the exceed five doses in
Paracetamol only has cautiously in vein (in hospital), 24 hours.
minimal anti- patients with liver and kidney • Advise patient that
inflammatory action long term damage - when drug is only for short
compared to non- alcohol use taken at higher term use and to
steroidal anti- because than consult the physician if
inflammatory agents. therapeutic recommended giving to children for
doses cause doses. longer than 5 days or
hepatotoxicit adults for longer than
y in these 10 days.
patients. • Advise patient or
caregiver that many
over the counter
products contain
acetaminophen; be
aware of this when
calculating total daily
dose.
• Warn patient that high
doses or unsupervised
long term use can
cause liver damage.
Generic/ Trade Classificatio Indication Mechanism of Contradiction Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Name n Action/Indication

Metronidazole Antibiotic To treat Undergoes Ataxia, dizziness, • If pt has adverse CNS

(Anerobizol) Amebicide systemic intracellular Breast-feeding, encephalopathy, reactions, such as
Antiprotozoal Anaerobic chemical reduction hypersensitivity fever, headache, seizures or peripheral
infections during anaerobic to metronidazole light- headedness, neuropathy, tell
caused by metabolism. After or its peripheral prescriber and stop
Bacteroides metronidazole is components, neuropathy, drug immediately
fragilis, reduced, it damages trichomoniasis seizures (high • Monitor pt with severe
Clostidium DNAs helical during doses) liver disease because
difficile, structure first trimester of slowed metronidazole
clostridium and breaks its strands, pregnancy Dry mouth, metabolism may cause
perfingens, which inhibits bacterial lacrimation (topical drug to accumulate in
Eubacterium nucleic acid synthesis form), metallic the body and increase
, and causes cell death taste, pharyngitis the risk of adverse
Fusobacteri effects.
um, Abdominal cramps • If skin irritation occurs,
Peptococcu or pain, anorexia, apply topical gel less
s, diarrhea, nausea, frequently or
Peptostrept pancreatitis, discontinue it, as
ococcus, vomiting ordered.
and • Monitor CBC and
Veillonella Darkened urine, culture and sensitivity
dysuria, urinary test if therapy lasts
To treat frequency, vulvitis longer than 10 days or
amebiasis (vaginal form) if second course of
(Entamoeba treatment is needed
histolytica) Leukopenia, Back • Give IV drug by slow
pain, burning infusion over 1 hr;
sensation, don’t give by direct IN
stinging sensation, injection
dry skin
 Generic/ Classification Indication Mechanism of Contradictio Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Trade Name Action/Indication n

Ciprofloxacin Antibacterial Ciprofloxacin is Inhibition of Nausea,  Instruct patient not

(Quinosyn) used to treat topoisomerase contraindicat Vomiting, to take ciprofloxacin
infections of the (DNA gyrase) ed in Stomach pain, with dairy products such
skin, lungs, enzymes, persons with Heartburn, as milk or yogurt, or with
airways, bones, which inhibits a Diarrhea, Feeling calcium-fortified juice.
and relaxation of history of an may eat or drink dairy
joints caused supercoiled hypersensitivi urgent need to products or calcium-
by DNA and ty to urinate, fortified juice with a
susceptible promotes ciprofloxacin, Headache, Hives, regular meal, but do not
bacteria. breakage of any Difficulty use them alone when
Ciprofloxacin is double member of breathing or taking ciprofloxacin.
also frequently stranded the swallowing, They could make the
used DNA. quinolone Hoarseness or medication less
to treat urinary class of throat tightness, effective.
infections antimicrobial Rapid, irregular,  Inform that
caused agents, or Ciprofloxacin may
by bacteria or any of the pounding cause swelling or
such as product heartbeat, tearing of a tendon (the
E. coli. components. Fainting, Fever fiber that connects
Ciprofloxacin is bones to muscles in the
effective in body), especially in
treating  the Achilles' tendon
infectious of the heel. may be
diarrheas
more likely to occur if
caused by E.
coli, you are over 60, if you
Campylobacter take an oral steroid
jejuni, and medication, or if you
Shigella have had a kidney,
bacteria heart, or lung transplant.
 Generic/ Classification Indication Mechanism of Contradictio Side Effects Nursing Responsibilities
Trade Name Action/Indication n

Lactulose Gastrointestin prevention and Causes an influx of Low Abdominal

(Cephulac, al agent, tx of portal- fluid in the intestinal galactose discomfort • Administer with correct
Chronulac) hyperosmotic systemic tract by increasing diet & associated w/ dosage
laxative encephalopath the osmotic pressure intestinal flatulence or • Do not administer
y (PSE), within the intestinal obstruction cramps. when patient already
including lumen. Bacterial Prolonged use or pass out stool specially
stages of metabolism of the drug to large doses may if stool is liquid
hepatic lactate and other acids result in diarrhea • Notify physician if
precoma and which are only partially w/ excessive loss diarrhea persists
coma, and by absorbed in the distal of water &
prescription for ileum and colon electrolytes
relief of chronic augments the osmotic
constipation effects of
lactulose. The distention
of the colon due to
increased fluid enhances
intestinal motility and
secretion. These result to
the passage of soft
stools.
Decrease in the luminal
pH (due to bacterial
metabolism) further
increase motility and
secretion. Lactulose also
lowers intestinal
absorption of ammonia
presumably due to
increased utilization of
ammonia by intestinal
bacteria.